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Qin M, Fang Y, Zheng Q, Peng M, Wang L, Sang X, Cao G. Tissue microenvironment induces tissue specificity of ILC2. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:324. [PMID: 39013890 PMCID: PMC11252336 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells were found to be members of the innate immune cell family, which is involved in innate and adaptive immunity to resist the invasion of foreign antigens and induce allergic reactions caused by allergens. The advancement of ILC2 research has pointed out that ILC2s have a high degree of diversity, challenging the notion of their homogeneity as a cellular population. An increasing number of studies indicate that ILC2 is a cell population with tissue specificity which can be induced by the tissue microenvironment. In addition, crosstalk between tissues can change ILC2 functions of migration and activation. Here, we emphasize that ILC2 undergoes adaptive changes under the regulation of the tissue microenvironment and distant tissues, thereby coordinating the organization's operation. In addition, ILC2 alterations induced by the tissue microenvironment are not limited to the ILC2 cell population, and ILC2 can also transdifferentiate into another class of ILC cell population (ILC1 or ILC3). In this review, we summarized the tissue-specific effects of ILC2 by tissue microenvironment and focused on the function of ILC2 in inter-tissue crosstalk. Lastly, we discussed the transdifferentiations of ILC2 caused by the abnormal change in tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjing Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qitong Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia'nan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Martinez-Gonzalez I, Takei F. New insights into ILC2 memory. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:118-125. [PMID: 38506432 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) are innate lymphocytes involved in type 2 immunity. ILC2s are abundant at the barrier tissues and upon allergen exposure, respond to epithelial-derived alarmins by producing type 2 cytokines (e.g., IL-5 and IL-13). Upon activation, some of these activated ILC2s acquire immunological memory and can mount enhanced responses upon further allergen encounters. Here, we review recent findings of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying immune memory in ILC2s both in mice and humans and discuss the implications of memory ILC2s in the context of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fumio Takei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Liu L, Fan XH, Tang XD. Revolutionizing Gastric Cancer Prevention: Novel Insights on Gastric Mucosal Inflammation-Cancer Transformation and Chinese Medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3806-5. [PMID: 38676828 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The progression from gastric mucosal inflammation to cancer signifies a pivotal event in the trajectory of gastric cancer (GC) development. Chinese medicine (CM) exhibits unique advantages and holds significant promise in inhibiting carcinogenesis of the gastric mucosa. This review intricately examines the critical pathological events during the transition from gastric mucosal inflammation-cancer transformation (GMICT), with a particular focus on pathological evolution mechanisms of spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM). Moreover, it investigates the pioneering applications and advancements of CM in intervening within the medical research domain of precancerous transformations leading to GC. Furthermore, the analysis extends to major shortcomings and challenges confronted by current research in gastric precancerous lesions, and innovative studies related to CM are presented. We offer a highly succinct yet optimistic outlook on future developmental trends. This paper endeavors to foster a profound understanding of forefront dynamics in GMICT research and scientific implications of modernizing CM. It also introduces a novel perspective for establishing a collaborative secondary prevention system for GC that integrates both Western and Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314100, China
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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4
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Kral M, van der Vorst EP, Surnov A, Weber C, Döring Y. ILC2-mediated immune crosstalk in chronic (vascular) inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1326440. [PMID: 38179045 PMCID: PMC10765502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1326440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity is pivotal for an efficient immune response and to maintain immune homeostasis under steady state conditions. As part of the innate immune system, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as new important regulators of tissue homeostasis and repair by fine-tuning innate-adaptive immune cell crosstalk. ILC2s mediate either pro- or anti-inflammatory immune responses in a context dependent manner. Inflammation has proven to be a key driver of atherosclerosis, resembling the key underlying pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Notably, numerous studies point towards an atheroprotective role of ILC2s e.g., by mediating secretion of type-II cytokines (IL-5, IL-13, IL-9). Boosting these protective responses may be suitable for promising future therapy, although these protective cues are currently incompletely understood. Additionally, little is known about the mechanisms by which chemokine/chemokine receptor signaling shapes ILC2 functions in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Hence, this review will focus on the latest findings regarding the protective and chemokine/chemokine receptor guided interplay between ILC2s and other immune cells like T and B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Further, we will elaborate on potential therapeutic implications which result or could be distilled from the dialogue of ILC2s with cells of the immune system in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kral
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexey Surnov
- Type 1 Diabetes Immunology (TDI), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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O'Keefe RN, Carli ALE, Baloyan D, Chisanga D, Shi W, Afshar-Sterle S, Eissmann MF, Poh AR, Pal B, Seillet C, Locksley RM, Ernst M, Buchert M. A tuft cell - ILC2 signaling circuit provides therapeutic targets to inhibit gastric metaplasia and tumor development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6872. [PMID: 37898600 PMCID: PMC10613282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, systemic treatment strategies remain scarce. Here, we report the pro-tumorigenic properties of the crosstalk between intestinal tuft cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) that is evolutionarily optimized for epithelial remodeling in response to helminth infection. We demonstrate that tuft cell-derived interleukin 25 (IL25) drives ILC2 activation, inducing the release of IL13 and promoting epithelial tuft cell hyperplasia. While the resulting tuft cell - ILC2 feed-forward circuit promotes gastric metaplasia and tumor formation, genetic depletion of tuft cells or ILC2s, or therapeutic targeting of IL13 or IL25 alleviates these pathologies in mice. In gastric cancer patients, tuft cell and ILC2 gene signatures predict worsening survival in intestinal-type gastric cancer where ~40% of the corresponding cancers show enriched co-existence of tuft cells and ILC2s. Our findings suggest a role for ILC2 and tuft cells, along with their associated cytokine IL13 and IL25 as gatekeepers and enablers of metaplastic transformation and gastric tumorigenesis, thereby providing an opportunity to therapeutically inhibit early-stage gastric cancer through repurposing antibody-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N O'Keefe
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Annalisa L E Carli
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Baloyan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Shoukat Afshar-Sterle
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Moritz F Eissmann
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bhupinder Pal
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Cyril Seillet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
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Laera N, Malerba P, Vacanti G, Nardin S, Pagnesi M, Nardin M. Impact of Immunity on Coronary Artery Disease: An Updated Pathogenic Interplay and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2128. [PMID: 38004268 PMCID: PMC10672143 DOI: 10.3390/life13112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is a result of the buildup of atherosclerosis within the coronary arteries. The role of the immune system in CAD is complex and multifaceted. The immune system responds to damage or injury to the arterial walls by initiating an inflammatory response. However, this inflammatory response can become chronic and lead to plaque formation. Neutrophiles, macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NKT cells play a key role in immunity response, both with proatherogenic and antiatherogenic signaling pathways. Recent findings provide new roles and activities referring to endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, which help to clarify the intricate signaling crosstalk between the involved actors. Research is ongoing to explore immunomodulatory therapies that target the immune system to reduce inflammation and its contribution to atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize the pathogenic interplay between immunity and CAD and the potential therapeutic strategies, and explore immunomodulatory therapies that target the immune system to reduce inflammation and its contribution to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Laera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Second Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Malerba
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Division of Medicine, Department of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Montichiari, 25018 Montichiari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Vacanti
- Medical Clinic IV, Department of Cardiology, Municipal Hospital, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Simone Nardin
- U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagnesi
- Division of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Matteo Nardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy;
- Third Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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7
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Bahhar I, Eş Z, Köse O, Turna A, Günlüoğlu MZ, Çakır A, Duralı D, Magnusson FC. The IL-25/ILC2 axis promotes lung cancer with a concomitant accumulation of immune-suppressive cells in tumors in humans and mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244437. [PMID: 37781372 PMCID: PMC10540623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) can be activated by interleukin (IL)-33 or IL-25. IL-25-activated ILC2 cells help protect the host against helminth infection while exacerbating allergic-like inflammation and tissue damage in the lung. In the context of cancer, IL-33-activated ILC2 cells were found to bear anti-tumoral functions in lung cancer while IL-25-activated ILC2 cells promoted tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. The role of IL-25-activated ILC2 cells in lung cancer remains to be addressed. Methods We examined the overall survival of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients according to IL25 expression as well as the distribution of ILC2 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in various NSCLC patient tissues and peripheral blood (PB) of healthy donors (HDs). We analyzed the effect of adoptive transfer of IL-25-activated ILC2 cells on tumor growth, metastasis and survival in a heterotopic murine model of lung cancer. Results We report that human NSCLC patients with high IL-25 expression have reduced overall survival. Moreover, NSCLC patients bear increased frequencies of ILC2s compared to HDs. Frequencies of Tregs were also increased in NSCLC patients, concomitantly with ILC2s. In mice bearing heterotopic lung cancer, adoptive transfer of IL-25-activated ILC2s led to increased tumor growth, increased metastasis and reduced survival. The frequencies of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) were found to be increased in the tumors of mice that received ILC2s as compared to controls. Conclusion Overall, our results indicate that the IL-25/ILC2 axis promotes lung cancer potentially by recruiting immune-suppressive cells to the tumors both in humans and in mice, and that it may therefore represent a suitable novel target for NSCLC immunotherapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Bahhar
- Cancer Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Eş
- Cancer Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Oğuzhan Köse
- Cancer Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Akif Turna
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Zeki Günlüoğlu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aslı Çakır
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Duralı
- Cancer Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fay C. Magnusson
- Cancer Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Jiang M, Li Z, Zhang F, Li Z, Xu D, Jing J, Li F, Wang J, Ding J. Butyrate inhibits iILC2-mediated lung inflammation via lung-gut axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:163. [PMID: 37173731 PMCID: PMC10182695 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of intestinal flora metabolite butyrate on inflammatory ILC2 cells (iILC2s)-mediated lung inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Mouse models of COPD and acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) were established. Flow cytometry was used to detect natural ILC2 cells (nILC2s) and iILC2s in lung and colon tissues. The 16s rRNA and GC-MS were used to detect microbial flora and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces. ELISA was used to detect IL-13 and IL-4. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the relative protein and mRNA levels, respectively. In vitro experiments were performed with sorted ILC2s from colon tissues of control mice. Mice with AECOPD were treated with butyrate. RESULTS The nILC2s and iILC2s in lung and colon tissues of AECOPD mice were significantly higher than control groups. The abundance of the flora Clostridiaceae was significantly reduced, and the content of SCFAs, including acetate and butyrate, was significantly reduced. The in vitro experiments showed that butyrate inhibited iILC2 cell phenotype and cytokine secretion. Butyrate treatment reduced the proportion of iILC2 cells in the colon and lung tissues of mice with AECOPD. CONCLUSIONS The nILC2s and iILC2s in the colon tissues are involved in the course of COPD. Decreased Clostridiaceae and butyrate in AECOPD mice caused the accumulation of iILC2 cells in the intestines and lungs. Supplementation of butyrate can reduce iILC2 in the intestine and lung tissues. Our data may provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fengsen Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 4, Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
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9
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Jiang S, Zheng Y, Lv B, He S, Yang W, Wang B, Zhou J, Liu S, Li D, Lin J. Single-cell landscape dissecting the transcription and heterogeneity of innate lymphoid cells in ischemic heart. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129007. [PMID: 37228603 PMCID: PMC10203554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Until now, few articles have revealed the potential roles of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in cardiovascular diseases. However, the infiltration of ILC subsets in ischemic myocardium, the roles of ILC subsets in myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and the related cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been described with a sufficient level of detail. Method In the current study, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: MI, MIRI and sham group. Single-cell sequencing technology was used to perform dimensionality reduction clustering of ILC to analyze the ILC subset landscape at a single-cell resolution, and finally flow cytometry was used to confirm the existence of the new ILC subsets in different disease groups. Results Five ILC subsets were found, including ILC1, ILC2a, ILC2b, ILCdc and ILCt. It is worth noting that ILCdc, ILC2b and ILCt were identified as new ILC subclusters in the heart. The cellular landscapes of ILCs were revealed and signal pathways were predicted. Furthermore, pseudotime trajectory analysis exhibited different ILC statuses and traced related gene expression in normal and ischemic conditions. In addition, we established a ligand-receptor-transcription factor-target gene regulatory network to disclose cell communications among ILC clusters. Moreover, we further revealed the transcriptional features of the ILCdc and ILC2a subsets. Finally, the existence of ILCdc was confirmed by flow cytometry. Conclusion Collectively, by characterizing the spectrums of ILC subclusters, our results provide a new blueprint for understanding ILC subclusters' roles in myocardial ischemia diseases and further potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingjie Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaolin He
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dazhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jibin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Ryu S, Kim HY. Bone Marrow Progenitors and IL-2 Signaling Contribute to the Strain Differences of Kidney Innate Lymphoid Cells. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e15. [PMID: 37179753 PMCID: PMC10166654 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical immune-response mediators. Although they largely reside in mucosal tissues, the kidney also bears substantial numbers. Nevertheless, kidney ILC biology is poorly understood. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are known to display type-2 and type-1 skewed immune responses, respectively, but it is unclear whether this extends to ILCs. We show here that indeed, BALB/c mice have higher total ILCs in the kidney than C57BL/6 mice. This difference was particularly pronounced for ILC2s. We then showed that three factors contributed to the higher ILC2s in the BALB/c kidney. First, BALB/c mice demonstrated higher numbers of ILC precursors in the bone marrow. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys associated with significantly higher IL-2 responses. Quantitative RT-PCR also showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys expressed higher levels of IL-2 and other cytokines known to promote ILC2 proliferation and/or survival (IL-7, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin). Third, the BALB/c kidney ILC2s may be more sensitive to the environmental signals than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s since they expressed their transcription factor GATA-3 and the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-25 receptors at higher levels. Indeed, they also demonstrated greater responsiveness to IL-2 than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s, as shown by their greater STAT5 phosphorylation levels after culture with IL-2. Thus, this study demonstrates previously unknown properties of kidney ILC2s. It also shows the impact of mouse strain background on ILC2 behavior, which should be considered when conducting research on immune diseases with experimental mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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11
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Ruiz-Cortes K, Villageliu DN, Samuelson DR. Innate lymphocytes: Role in alcohol-induced immune dysfunction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934617. [PMID: 36105802 PMCID: PMC9464604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use is known to alter the function of both innate and adaptive immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, B cells, and T cells. Immune dysfunction has been associated with alcohol-induced end-organ damage. The role of innate lymphocytes in alcohol-associated pathogenesis has become a focus of research, as liver-resident natural killer (NK) cells were found to play an important role in alcohol-associated liver damage pathogenesis. Innate lymphocytes play a critical role in immunity and homeostasis; they are necessary for an optimal host response against insults including infections and cancer. However, the role of innate lymphocytes, including NK cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, gamma delta T cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) type 1–3, remains ill-defined in the context of alcohol-induced end-organ damage. Innate-like B lymphocytes including marginal zone B cells and B-1 cells have also been identified; however, this review will address the effects of alcohol misuse on innate T lymphocytes, as well as the consequences of innate T-lymphocyte dysfunction on alcohol-induced tissue damage.
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12
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Heinrich B, Korangy F. Plasticity of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886520. [PMID: 35663967 PMCID: PMC9160464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu-13-886520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogenous population of the innate immune system, enriched at mucosal surfaces and are pivotal regulators of immune homeostasis. ILCs are the innate counterpart of T cells. Like T cells, ILC subsets are highly plastic with their composition and function controlled by alterations in their microenvironment. This plasticity allows for the trans-differentiation between the subsets to rapidly respond to their immune environment. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a heterogeneous milieu characterized by different cytokines and growth factors. Through interaction with the tumor microenvironment, ILCs can transdifferentiate into different subsets resulting in pro or anti-tumor immunity. Thus, studying ILC plasticity might result in new therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize current findings of the functional and plastic heterogeneity of ILCs in homeostasis as well as disease settings with a specific focus on cancer. We specifically highlight tumor-driven plasticity and how ILC-induced inflammation can impact the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Heinrich
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Firouzeh Korangy,
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13
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Dietary antigens suppress the proliferation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells by restraining homeostatic IL-25 production. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7443. [PMID: 35523930 PMCID: PMC9076687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary antigens affect the adaptive immunity of the host by inducing regulatory T cells and IgE-producing B cells. However, their roles in innate immune compartments such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are unclear. Here, using antigen-free (AF) mice, which are germ-free (GF) mice fed with amino-acid-based diet, we found dietary proteins suppress the development of GATA-3-expressing ILC2s independent of the adaptive immune cells. These cells produce more type 2 cytokines and upregulated proliferation and activation markers such as Ki-67, CD69, and CD25. With this, AF mice had increased expressions of tuft cell-specific transcripts such as Il25, Il33, Dclk1, Trpm5, and Pou2f3 in IECs. Accordingly, expanded ILC2s upregulated IL-17RB, a receptor of IL-25, and their proliferation was blocked by IL-25 neutralizing or IL-17RB blocking antibodies. These results suggest a new dialogue between dietary antigens, IECs, and ILCs in which dietary antigens suppress ILC2 activation and proliferation by restraining homeostatic IL-25 production, potentially limiting type 2 immunity by food antigens.
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14
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Williams CM, Roy S, Sun W, Furuya AM, Wijesundara DK, Furuya Y. LUNG group 2 innate lymphoid cells as a new adjuvant target to enhance intranasal vaccine efficacy against influenza. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1381. [PMID: 35356066 PMCID: PMC8958247 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are a relatively new class of innate immune cells. Lung ILC2 are early responders that secrete type 2 cytokines in response to danger ‘alarmin’ signals such as interleukin (IL)‐33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Being an early source of type 2 cytokines, ILC2 are a critical regulator of type 2 immune cells of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune regulatory functions of ILC2 were mostly investigated in diseases where T helper 2 inflammation predominates. However, in recent years, it has been appreciated that the role of ILC2 extends to other pathological conditions such as cancer and viral infections. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of lung ILC2 in the induction of mucosal immunity against influenza virus infection and discuss the potential utility of ILC2 as a target for mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Williams
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Sreeja Roy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | | | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Yoichi Furuya
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
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15
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Zheng M, Zhu J. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Intestinal Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1856. [PMID: 35163778 PMCID: PMC8836863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of lymphoid cells that do not express T cell or B cell antigen-specific receptors. They are largely tissue-resident and enriched at mucosal sites to play a protective role against pathogens. ILCs mimic the functions of CD4 T helper (Th) subsets. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are defined by the expression of signature cytokine IFN-γ and the master transcription factor T-bet, involving in the type 1 immune response; ILC2s are characterized by the expression of signature cytokine IL-5/IL-13 and the master transcription factor GATA3, participating in the type 2 immune response; ILC3s are RORγt-expressing cells and are capable of producing IL-22 and IL-17 to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The discovery and investigation of ILCs over the past decades extends our knowledge beyond classical adaptive and innate immunology. In this review, we will focus on the roles of ILCs in intestinal inflammation and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zheng
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Response to Intracellular Pathogens: Protection Versus Immunopathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:775554. [PMID: 34938670 PMCID: PMC8685334 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.775554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous group of cytokine-producing lymphocytes which are predominantly located at mucosal barrier surfaces, such as skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. ILCs contribute to tissue homeostasis, regulate microbiota-derived signals, and protect against mucosal pathogens. ILCs are classified into five major groups by their developmental origin and distinct cytokine production. A recently emerged intriguing feature of ILCs is their ability to alter their phenotype and function in response to changing local environmental cues such as pathogen invasion. Once the pathogen crosses host barriers, ILCs quickly activate cytokine production to limit the spread of the pathogen. However, the dysregulated ILC responses can lead to tissue inflammation and damage. Furthermore, the interplay between ILCs and other immune cell types shapes the outcome of the immune response. Recent studies highlighted the important role of ILCs for host defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms controlling protective and pathogenic ILC responses to intracellular pathogens. This knowledge can help develop new ILC-targeted strategies to control infectious diseases and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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17
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Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a four-α-helical bundle type I cytokine with broad pleiotropic actions on multiple lineages. Major actions of IL-4 were initially discovered for B and T cells, but this cytokine acts on more than a dozen different target cells spanning the innate and adaptive immune systems and is produced by multiple different cellular sources. While IL-4 was discovered just under 40 years ago in 1982, the interest in and discoveries related to this cytokine continue to markedly expand. There are important new advances related to its biological actions and to its mechanisms of signaling, including critical genes and downstream targets in a range of cell types. IL-4 is critical not only for careful control of immunoglobulin production but also related to inflammation, fibrosis, allergic reactions, and antitumor activity, with actions of IL-4 occurring through two different types of receptors, one of which is also used by IL-13, a closely related cytokine with partially overlapping actions. In this review, we cover critical older information but also highlight newer advances. An area of evolving interest relates to the therapeutic blockade of IL-4 signaling pathway to treat atopic dermatitis and asthma. Thus, this cytokine is historically important, and research in this area has both elucidated major biological pathways and led to therapeutic advances for diseases that affect millions of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsah D Keegan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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18
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Laurent P, Allard B, Manicki P, Jolivel V, Levionnois E, Jeljeli M, Henrot P, Izotte J, Leleu D, Groppi A, Seneschal J, Constans J, Chizzolini C, Richez C, Duffau P, Lazaro E, Forcade E, Schaeverbeke T, Pradeu T, Batteux F, Blanco P, Contin-Bordes C, Truchetet ME. TGFβ promotes low IL10-producing ILC2 with profibrotic ability involved in skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1594-1603. [PMID: 34285051 PMCID: PMC8600612 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate lymphoid cells-2 (ILC2) were shown to be involved in the development of lung or hepatic fibrosis. We sought to explore the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of ILC2 in skin fibrosis within systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Blood samples and skin biopsies from healthy donor or patients with SSc were analysed by immunostaining techniques. The fibrotic role of sorted ILC2 was studied in vitro on dermal fibroblast and further explored by transcriptomic approach. Finally, the efficacy of a new treatment against fibrosis was assessed with a mouse model of SSc. RESULTS We found that ILC2 numbers were increased in the skin of patients with SSc and correlated with the extent of skin fibrosis. In SSc skin, KLRG1- ILC2 (natural ILC2) were dominating over KLRG1+ ILC2 (inflammatory ILC2). The cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), whose activity is increased in SSc, favoured the expansion of KLRG1- ILC2 simultaneously decreasing their production of interleukin 10 (IL10), which regulates negatively collagen production by dermal fibroblasts. TGFβ-stimulated ILC2 also increased myofibroblast differentiation. Thus, human KLRG1- ILC2 had an enhanced profibrotic activity. In a mouse model of SSc, therapeutic intervention-combining pirfenidone with the administration of IL10 was required to reduce the numbers of skin infiltrating ILC2, enhancing their expression of KLRG1 and strongly alleviating skin fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a novel role for natural ILC2 and highlight their inter-relationships with TGFβ and IL10 in the development of skin fibrosis, thereby opening up new therapeutic approaches in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paôline Laurent
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Benoit Allard
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Valérie Jolivel
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- Immunology Department, CHU Cochin Hospital, University of Paris Descartes Faculty of Medicine Paris Center, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Henrot
- Rheumatology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- Animal Facility A2, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Damien Leleu
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Alexis Groppi
- Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBiB), University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,IBGC, CNRS, UMR 5095, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Dermatology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1035, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Joel Constans
- Vascular Medicine Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carlo Chizzolini
- Immunology and Allergy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Richez
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Rheumatology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Internal Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Internal Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edouard Forcade
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Hematology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Schaeverbeke
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Rheumatology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Pradeu
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Immunology Department, CHU Cochin Hospital, University of Paris Descartes Faculty of Medicine Paris Center, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Immunology department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Contin-Bordes
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Immunology department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France .,Rheumatology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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19
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Pu Q, Lin P, Gao P, Wang Z, Guo K, Qin S, Zhou C, Wang B, Wu E, Khan N, Xia Z, Wei X, Wu M. Gut Microbiota Regulate Gut-Lung Axis Inflammatory Responses by Mediating ILC2 Compartmental Migration. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:257-267. [PMID: 34135060 PMCID: PMC8674377 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is increasingly linked to the development of various pulmonary diseases through a gut-lung axis. However, the mechanisms by which gut commensal microbes impact trafficking and functional transition of immune cells remain largely unknown. Using integrated microbiota dysbiosis approaches, we uncover that the gut microbiota directs the migration of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) from the gut to the lung through a gut-lung axis. We identify Proteobacteria as a critical species in the gut microbiome to facilitate natural ILC2 migration, and increased Proteobacteria induces IL-33 production. Mechanistically, IL-33-CXCL16 signaling promotes the natural ILC2 accumulation in the lung, whereas IL-25-CCL25 signals augment inflammatory ILC2 accumulation in the intestines upon abdominal infection, parabiosis, and cecum ligation and puncture in mice. We reveal that these two types of ILC2s play critical but distinct roles in regulating inflammation, leading to balanced host defense against infection. Overall results delineate that Proteobacteria in gut microbiota modulates ILC2 directional migration to the lung for host defense via regulation of select cytokines (IL-33), suggesting novel therapeutic strategies to control infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Ping Lin
- Wound Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Shugang Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Chuanmin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX
- Texas A&M University College of Pharmacy, College Station, TX
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND;
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND;
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20
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Crawford L, Wyatt M, Bryers J, Ratner B. Biocompatibility Evolves: Phenomenology to Toxicology to Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002153. [PMID: 33829678 PMCID: PMC8221530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The word "biocompatibility," is inconsistent with the observations of healing for so-called biocompatible biomaterials. The vast majority of the millions of medical implants in humans today, presumably "biocompatible," are walled off by a dense, avascular, crosslinked collagen capsule, hardly suggestive of life or compatibility. In contrast, one is now seeing examples of implant biomaterials that lead to a vascularized reconstruction of localized tissue, a biological reaction different from traditional biocompatible materials that generate a foreign body capsule. Both the encapsulated biomaterials and the reconstructive biomaterials qualify as "biocompatible" by present day measurements of biocompatibility. Yet, this new generation of materials would seem to heal "compatibly" with the living organism, where older biomaterials are isolated from the living organism by the dense capsule. This review/perspective article will explore this biocompatibility etymological conundrum by reviewing the history of the concepts around biocompatibility, today's standard methods for assessing biocompatibility, a contemporary view of the foreign body reaction and finally, a compendium of new biomaterials that heal without the foreign body capsule. A new definition of biocompatibility is offered here to address advances in biomaterials design leading to biomaterials that heal into the body in a facile manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Crawford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Meghan Wyatt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - James Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Buddy Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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21
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de Lucía Finkel P, Xia W, Jefferies WA. Beyond Unconventional: What Do We Really Know about Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells? THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1409-1417. [PMID: 33753565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a set of effectors that mediate the expulsion of helminthic parasites but also drive allergic lung inflammation. As innate agents, they do not recognize Ag, instead, they are sensitive to alarmin engagement, upon which they produce type 2 cytokines that amplify adaptive immunity. Their lymphoid identity appoints them as an intriguing group of unconventional cells; however, increasing evidence is unraveling a series of unprecedented functions that <5 years ago were unthinkable for ILC2s, such as acquiring a proinflammatory identity that enables them to support TH1 immune responses. Their plastic nature has allowed the characterization of ILC2s in more detail than ever; however, the novelty of ILC2 biology requires constant updates and recapitulations. This review provides an overview of ILC2s and describes memory ILC2, regulatory ILC2, inflammatory ILC2, and type 1 ILC2 subsets based on activation status, tissue environments, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo de Lucía Finkel
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenjing Xia
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; .,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; and.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
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22
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Kumar V. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Adaptive Immune Cells Cross-Talk: A Secret Talk Revealed in Immune Homeostasis and Different Inflammatory Conditions. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 40:217-251. [PMID: 33733998 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1895145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory immune response has evolved to protect the host from different pathogens, allergens, and endogenous death or damage-associated molecular patterns. Both innate and adaptive immune components are crucial in inducing an inflammatory immune response depending on the stimulus type and its duration of exposure or the activation of the primary innate immune response. As the source of inflammation is removed, the aggravated immune response comes to its homeostatic level. However, the failure of the inflammatory immune response to subside to its normal level generates chronic inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are newly discovered innate immune cells, which are present in abundance at mucosal surfaces, including lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract. Also, they are present in peripheral blood circulation, skin, and lymph nodes. They play a crucial role in generating the pro-inflammatory immune response during diverse conditions. On the other hand, adaptive immune cells, including different types of T and B cells are major players in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and cancers. Thus the article is designed to discuss the immunological role of different ILCs and their interaction with adaptive immune cells in maintaining the immune homeostasis, and during inflammatory autoimmune diseases along with other inflammatory conditions (excluding pathogen-induced inflammation), including cancer, graft-versus-host diseases, and human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Yang D, Guo X, Huang T, Liu C. The Role of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Lung Infection and Immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:586471. [PMID: 33718260 PMCID: PMC7947361 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.586471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to environmental particulates such as aeroallergens, pollutants, or microorganisms and is protected by a poised immune response. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of immune cells found in a variety of tissue sites, particularly barrier surfaces such as the lung and the intestine. ILCs play a crucial role in the innate immune system, and they are involved in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, inflammation regulation, tissue remodeling, and pathogen clearance. In recent years, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as key mediators of mucosal protection and repair during infection, mainly through IL-17 and IL-22 production. Although research on ILC3s has become focused on the intestinal immunity, the biology and function of pulmonary ILC3s in the pathogenesis of respiratory infections and in the development of chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases remain elusive. In this review, we will mainly discuss how pulmonary ILC3s act on protection against pathogen challenge and pulmonary inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinning Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuntao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Mahapatro M, Erkert L, Becker C. Cytokine-Mediated Crosstalk between Immune Cells and Epithelial Cells in the Gut. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010111. [PMID: 33435303 PMCID: PMC7827439 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are small proteins that are secreted by a vast majority of cell types in the gut. They not only establish cell-to-cell interactions and facilitate cellular signaling, but also regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby playing a central role in genetic, inflammatory, and infectious diseases of the gut. Both, immune cells and gut epithelial cells, play important roles in intestinal disease development. The epithelium is located in between the mucosal immune system and the gut microbiome. It not only establishes an efficient barrier against gut microbes, but it also signals information from the gut lumen and its composition to the immune cell compartment. Communication across the epithelial cell layer also occurs in the other direction. Intestinal epithelial cells respond to immune cell cytokines and their response influences and shapes the microbial community within the gut lumen. Thus, the epithelium should be seen as a translator or a moderator between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system. Proper communication across the epithelium seems to be a key to gut homeostasis. Indeed, current genome-wide association studies for intestinal disorders have identified several disease susceptibility loci, which map cytokine signatures and their related signaling genes. A thorough understanding of this tightly regulated cytokine signaling network is crucial. The main objective of this review was to shed light on how cytokines can orchestrate epithelial functions such as proliferation, cell death, permeability, microbe interaction, and barrier maintenance, thereby safeguarding host health. In addition, cytokine-mediated therapy for inflammation and cancer are discussed.
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25
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Smith AD, Fan A, Qin B, Desai N, Zhao A, Shea-Donohue T. IL-25 Treatment Improves Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat Diet and Genetic Models of Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4875-4887. [PMID: 34992396 PMCID: PMC8710075 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s335761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endemic obesity is considered the driving force for the dramatic increase in incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is mounting evidence that chronic, low-grade inflammation driven by Th1/Th17 cells and M1 macrophages, is a critical link between obesity and insulin resistance. IL-25 promotes development of a Th2 immune response and M2 macrophages that counteract the inflammation associated with obesity and T2D. METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks and then treated with IL-25 or BSA as a control for 21 days. Body weight, blood glucose levels, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, and gene expression were evaluated in mice treated with BSA or IL-25. Ob/ob mice fed a normal control diet were also treated with BSA or IL-25 and body weight and blood glucose levels were measured. Transepithelial electrical resistance and sodium-linked glucose absorption were determined in muscle-free small intestinal tissue and glucose absorption assessed in vitro in intestinal epithelial and skeletal muscle cell lines. RESULTS Administration of IL-25 to HFD fed mice reversed glucose intolerance, an effect mediated in part by reduction in SGLT-1 activity and Glut2 expression. Importantly, the improved glucose tolerance in HFD mice treated with IL-25 was maintained for several weeks post-treatment indicating long-term changes in glucose metabolism in obese mice. Glucose intolerance was also reversed by IL-25 treatment in genetically obese ob/ob mice without inducing weight loss. In vitro studies demonstrated that glucose absorption was inhibited by IL-25 treatment in the epithelial IPEC-1 cells but increased glucose absorption in the L6 skeletal muscle cells. This supports a direct cell-specific effect of IL-25 on glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the IL-25 pathway may be a useful target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen D Smith
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Allen D Smith Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USATel +1 301-504-8577Fax +1- 301 504-9062 Email
| | - Anya Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bolin Qin
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Neemesh Desai
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aiping Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Akama Y, Satoh-Takayama N, Kawamoto E, Ito A, Gaowa A, Park EJ, Imai H, Shimaoka M. The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Regulation of Immune Homeostasis in Sepsis-Mediated Lung Inflammation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100808. [PMID: 33053762 PMCID: PMC7600279 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock/severe sepsis is a deregulated host immune system response to infection that leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Lung inflammation as a form of acute lung injury (ALI) is often induced in septic shock. Whereas macrophages and neutrophils have been implicated as the principal immune cells regulating lung inflammation, group two innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have recently been identified as a new player regulating immune homeostasis. ILC2 is one of the three major ILC subsets (ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s) comprised of newly identified innate immune cells. These cells are characterized by their ability to rapidly produce type 2 cytokines. ILC2s are predominant resident ILCs and, thereby, have the ability to respond to signals from damaged tissues. ILC2s regulate the immune response, and ILC2-derived type 2 cytokines may exert protective roles against sepsis-induced lung injury. This focused review not only provides readers with new insights into the signaling mechanisms by which ILC2s modulate sepsis-induced lung inflammation, but also proposes ILC2 as a novel therapeutic target for sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Akama
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Faculty, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Faculty, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Arong Gaowa
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Faculty, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (M.S.)
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27
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Leptin Promoted IL-17 Production from ILC2s in Allergic Rhinitis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9248479. [PMID: 32963497 PMCID: PMC7499316 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9248479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-17 plays important roles in allergic diseases. Several studies proved that leptin promoted Th17 immune responses by inducing RORγt transcription. ILC2 is an important member of the early stage of immune response. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of leptin on the IL-17 production by ILC2 in AR in this study. Methods Fifteen AR patients and fifteen healthy controls were enrolled. Serum leptin levels were measured, and their correlation with the frequency of IL-17+ ILC2 cells was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. ILC2 was stimulated by leptin, and the expression of IL-17, IL-5, and IL-13 was detected by ELISA. The correlated pathways were confirmed by real-time PCR. Results We found that serum leptin and the frequency of IL-17-producing ILC2s in AR were significantly higher compared with those in controls. After being incubated with leptin, the frequency of IL-17+ ILC2 cells and IL-17 production from ILC2 was upregulated compared with that in controls. We also found that leptin induced RORγt and Ahr expression by ILC2. Moreover, leptin-induced IL-17-producing ILC2 concomitantly expressed IL-5 and IL-13. Conclusions Our data provide preliminary evidence that leptin-induced IL-17 production from ILC2 cells is dependent on RORγt and Ahr expression and the blockade of leptin may be a promising target for the treatment of AR.
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28
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The Functional Roles of IL-33/ST2 Axis in Ocular Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:5230716. [PMID: 32908451 PMCID: PMC7450335 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5230716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an important member of the IL-1 family, plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses via combining with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). We have already known IL-33/ST2 axis participates in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including liver diseases, renal diseases, and neurological diseases. Recently, emerging studies are indicating that IL-33/ST2 is also involved in a wide range of ocular diseases, such as allergic eye disease, keratitis and corneal regeneration, dry eye disease, uveitis, vitreoretinal diseases, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the current understanding about the functional roles of IL-33/ST2 in eyes, with an attempt to explore the possible study perspectives and therapeutic alternatives in the future.
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29
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Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection, Trained Immunity and Subsequent Pulmonary Diseases. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050505. [PMID: 32375305 PMCID: PMC7290378 DOI: 10.3390/v12050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is often the first clinically relevant pathogen encountered in life, with nearly all children infected by two years of age. Many studies have also linked early-life severe respiratory viral infection with more pathogenic immune responses later in life that lead to pulmonary diseases like childhood asthma. This phenomenon is thought to occur through long-term immune system alterations following early-life respiratory viral infection and may include local responses such as unresolved inflammation and/or direct structural or developmental modifications within the lung. Furthermore, systemic responses that could impact the bone marrow progenitors may be a significant cause of long-term alterations, through inflammatory mediators and shifts in metabolic profiles. Among these alterations may be changes in transcriptional and epigenetic programs that drive persistent modifications throughout life, leaving the immune system poised toward pathogenic responses upon secondary insult. This review will focus on early-life severe RSV infection and long-term alterations. Understanding these mechanisms will not only lead to better treatment options to limit initial RSV infection severity but also protect against the development of childhood asthma linked to severe respiratory viral infections.
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30
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Abidi A, Laurent T, Bériou G, Bouchet-Delbos L, Fourgeux C, Louvet C, Triki-Marrakchi R, Poschmann J, Josien R, Martin J. Characterization of Rat ILCs Reveals ILC2 as the Dominant Intestinal Subset. Front Immunol 2020; 11:255. [PMID: 32140157 PMCID: PMC7043102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific receptors and exhibit innate effector functions such as cytokine production that play an important role in immediate responses to pathogens especially at mucosal sites. Mouse and human ILC subsets have been extensively characterized in various tissues and in blood. In this study, we present the first characterization of ILCs and ILC subsets in rat gut and secondary lymphoid organs using flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing. Our results show that phenotype and function of rat ILC subsets are conserved as compared to human and mouse ILCs. However, and in contrast to human and mouse, our study unexpectedly revealed that ILC2 and not ILC3 was the dominant ILC subset in the rat intestinal lamina propria. ILC2 predominance in the gut was independent of rat strain, sex or housing facility. In contrast, ILC3 was the predominant ILC subset in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer patches. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that in spite of highly conserved phenotype and function between mice, rat and humans, the distribution of ILC subsets in the intestinal mucosa is dependent on the species likely in response to both genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abidi
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Laurent
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle Bériou
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Bouchet-Delbos
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Fourgeux
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Louvet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Raja Triki-Marrakchi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jeremie Poschmann
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Josien
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Martin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Nantes, France
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31
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Hepatic ILC2 activity is regulated by liver inflammation-induced cytokines and effector CD4 + T cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1071. [PMID: 31974518 PMCID: PMC6978388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In immune-mediated hepatitis, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) as well as effector CD4+ T cells have been shown to drive disease pathology. However, less is known about mechanisms involved in the regulation of ILC2 function during liver inflammation. We showed that in homeostasis, hepatic ILC2 constituted a very small population with a naive, inactive phenotype. During immune-mediated hepatitis, the cytokines IL-33 and IFNγ were expressed in liver tissue. IL-33 induced strong activation and expression of type 2 cytokines as well as IL-6 by hepatic ILC2 while IFNγ suppressed cytokine production. Interestingly, this inhibitory effect was overcome by IL-33. The phenotype of activated hepatic ILC2 were stable since they did not show functional plasticity in response to liver inflammation-induced cytokines. Moreover, hepatic ILC2 induced a Th2 phenotype in activated CD4+ T cells, which increased ILC2-derived cytokine expression via IL-2. In contrast, Th1 cells inhibited survival of ILC2 by production of IFNγ. Thus, hepatic ILC2 function is regulated by IL-33, IL-2, and IFNγ. While IL-33 and IL-2 support hepatic ILC2 activation, their inflammatory activity in immune-mediated hepatitis might be limited by infiltrating IFNγ-expressing Th1 cells.
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32
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Entwistle LJ, Gregory LG, Oliver RA, Branchett WJ, Puttur F, Lloyd CM. Pulmonary Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Phenotype Is Context Specific: Determining the Effect of Strain, Location, and Stimuli. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3114. [PMID: 32038635 PMCID: PMC6987460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are enriched at mucosal sites, including the lung, and play a central role in type 2 immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis. As a result, since their discovery in 2010, research into ILC2s has increased markedly. Numerous strategies have been used to define ILC2s by flow cytometry, often utilizing different combinations of surface markers despite their expression being variable and context-dependent. In this study, we sought to generate a comprehensive characterization of pulmonary ILC2s, identifying stable and context specific markers from different pulmonary compartments following different airway exposures in different strains of mice. Our analysis revealed that pulmonary ILC2 surface marker phenotype is heterogeneous and is influenced by mouse strain, pulmonary location, in vivo treatment/exposure and ex vivo stimulation. Therefore, we propose that a lineage negative cell expressing CD45 and Gata3 defines an ILC2, and subsequent surface marker expression should be used to describe their phenotype in context-specific scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Entwistle
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Oliver
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William J Branchett
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Puttur
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Jiang M, Tao S, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhang F, Li F, Ding J. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells participate in IL-33-stimulated Th2-associated immune response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3109-3116. [PMID: 31572551 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy controls and COPD patients. ILC2 cells from the peripheral blood of COPD patients were stimulated with IL-33 or neutralizing ST2 antibody+IL-33 in vitro. The cell viability was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. ELISA was used to detect serum IL-33 and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and soluble ST2 (sST2) in the culture supernatant. The percentage of ILC2 cells was measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), RAR-related orphan receptor (ROR)α, ST2 and prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (CRTH2) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. It was revealed that IL-33, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 were significantly elevated in peripheral blood of patients with COPD. The proportion of ILC2s in peripheral blood of COPD patients was significantly increased, and the expression of RORA and CRTH2 was increased. The proportion of ST2+ ILC2 cells was significantly increased. After 48 h of IL-33 stimulation in vitro, the ratio of linage-CD45+CD127+CRTH2+ cells reached a maximum. In addition, the viability of ILC2 cells, the expression levels of RORA, GATA3, ST2 and CRTH2 mRNA and the cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-5, IL-13 and sST2 were significantly increased. These effects were abrogated by treatment with anti-ST2. In conclusion, IL-33 is upregulated in the serum of patients with COPD and the proportion of ILC2s among the PBMCs is increased. IL-33 may promote the proliferation of ILC2 cells and secrete type 2 T-helper cell cytokines to participate in the immune response in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Simin Tao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Fengsen Li
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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Loh Z, Fitzsimmons RL, Reid RC, Ramnath D, Clouston A, Gupta PK, Irvine KM, Powell EE, Schroder K, Stow JL, Sweet MJ, Fairlie DP, Iyer A. Inhibitors of class I histone deacetylases attenuate thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in mice by suppressing hepatic type 2 inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3775-3790. [PMID: 31236923 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic liver diseases feature excessive collagen and matrix protein deposition or crosslinking that characterises fibrosis, leads to scar tissue, and disrupts liver functions. There is no effective treatment. This study investigated whether treatment with selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors might specifically reduce type 2 inflammation in the injured liver, thereby attenuating fibrogenesis in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Thioacetamide (TAA) was used to induce hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and liver damage in female C57BL/6 mice, similar to the clinical features of chronic human liver disease. We used eight inhibitors of different human HDAC enzymes to probe histological (IHC and TUNEL), biochemical and immunological changes (flow cytometry, qPCR, Legendplex, and ELISA) in pathology, fibrosis, hepatic immune cell flux, and inflammatory cytokine expression. KEY RESULTS Inhibitors of class I, but not class II, HDAC enzymes potently suppressed chronic hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in mice, attenuating accumulation and activation of IL-33-dependent, but not IL-25-dependent, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and inhibiting type 2 inflammation that drives hepatic stellate cells to secrete excessive collagen and matrix proteins. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results show that potent and selective inhibitors of class I only HDAC enzymes profoundly inhibit hepatocyte death and type 2 inflammation to prevent TAA-induced liver fibrosis in mice. The specific HDAC enzymes identified here may be key promoters of inflammation in chronic liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Loh
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Fitzsimmons
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert C Reid
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Divya Ramnath
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Clouston
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Praveer K Gupta
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Powell
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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35
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Panda SK, Colonna M. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Mucosal Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31134050 PMCID: PMC6515929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate counterparts of T cells that contribute to immune responses by secreting effector cytokines and regulating the functions of other innate and adaptive immune cells. ILCs carry out some unique functions but share some tasks with T cells. ILCs are present in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs and are particularly abundant at the mucosal barriers, where they are exposed to allergens, commensal microbes, and pathogens. The impact of ILCs in mucosal immune responses has been extensively investigated in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, as well as in the oral cavity. Here we review the state-of-the-art knowledge of ILC functions in infections, allergy and autoimmune disorders of the mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Panda
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Zhao H, Moarbes V, Gaudreault V, Shan J, Aldossary H, Cyr L, Fixman ED. Sex Differences in IL-33-Induced STAT6-Dependent Type 2 Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:859. [PMID: 31118931 PMCID: PMC6504808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in asthma prevalence are well-documented but poorly understood. Murine models have contributed to our understanding of mechanisms that could regulate this sex disparity, though the majority of these studies have examined responses present after Th2 adaptive immunity is established. We have now investigated how sex influences acute activation of innate cell populations in the lung upon initial exposure to the model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), in the presence of IL-33 (OVA+IL-33), to prime the lungs for type 2 immunity. We also examined how inflammatory responses induced by OVA+IL-33 were altered in mice lacking the STAT6 transcription factor, which is activated by IL-13, an effector cytokine of IL-33. Our data demonstrate that type 2 inflammation induced by OVA+IL-33 was more severe in female mice compared to males. Females exhibited greater cytokine and chemokine production, eosinophil influx and activation, macrophage polarization to the alternatively activated phenotype, and expansion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). While increases in ILC2s and eosinophils were largely independent of STAT6 in both males and females, many other responses were STAT6-dependent only in female mice. Our findings indicate that a subset of type 2 inflammatory responses induced by OVA+IL-33 require STAT6 in both males and females and that enhanced type 2 inflammation in females, compared to males, is associated with greater IL-13 protein production. Our findings suggest blunted IL-13 production in males may protect against type 2 inflammation initiated by OVA+IL-33 delivery to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedi Zhao
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa Moarbes
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Gaudreault
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jichuan Shan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Haya Aldossary
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Cyr
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth D Fixman
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Zeng B, Shi S, Ashworth G, Dong C, Liu J, Xing F. ILC3 function as a double-edged sword in inflammatory bowel diseases. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:315. [PMID: 30962426 PMCID: PMC6453898 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), composed mainly of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are strongly implicated in the development of intestinal inflammation lesions. Its exact etiology and pathogenesis are still undetermined. Recently accumulating evidence supports that group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are responsible for gastrointestinal mucosal homeostasis through moderate generation of IL-22, IL-17, and GM-CSF in the physiological state. ILC3 contribute to the progression and aggravation of IBD while both IL-22 and IL-17, along with IFN-γ, are overexpressed by the dysregulation of NCR- ILC3 or NCR+ ILC3 function and the bias of NCR+ ILC3 towards ILC1 as well as regulatory ILC dysfunction in the pathological state. Herein, we feature the group 3 innate lymphoid cells' development, biological function, maintenance of gut homeostasis, mediation of IBD occurrence, and potential application to IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Zeng
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Shi
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jing Liu
- BioMedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK.
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bracamonte-Baran W, Chen G, Hou X, Talor MV, Choi HS, Davogustto G, Taegtmeyer H, Sung J, Hackam DJ, Nauen D, Čiháková D. Non-cytotoxic Cardiac Innate Lymphoid Cells Are a Resident and Quiescent Type 2-Commited Population. Front Immunol 2019; 10:634. [PMID: 30984196 PMCID: PMC6450181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a subset of leukocytes with lymphoid properties that lack antigen specific receptors. They can be stimulated by and exert their effect via specific cytokine axes, whereas Natural Killers (NK) cells are the only known cytotoxic member of this family. ILCs are considered key in linking the innate and adaptive response in physiologic and pathologic environments. In this study, we investigated the properties of non-cytotoxic cardiac ILCs in physiologic, inflammatory, and ischemic conditions. We found that in healthy humans and mice, non-cytotoxic cardiac ILCs are predominantly a type 2-committed population with progenitor-like features, such as an absence of type-specific immunophenotype, intermediate GATA3 expression, and capacity to transiently express Pro-myelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger protein (PLZF) upon activation. During myocarditis and ischemia, in both human and mice, cardiac ILCs differentiated into conventional ILC2s. We found that cardiac ILCs lack IL-25 receptor and cannot become inflammatory ILC2s. We found a strong correlation between IL-33 production in the heart and the ability of cardiac ILCs to become conventional ILC2s. The main producer of IL-33 was a subset of CD29+Sca-1+ cardiac fibroblasts. ILC2 expansion and fibroblast-derived IL-33 production were significantly increased in the heart in mouse models of infarction and myocarditis. Despite its progenitor-like status in healthy hearts, cardiac ILCs were unable to become ILC1 or ILC3 in vivo and in vitro. Using adoptive transfer and parabiosis, we demonstrated that the heart, unlike other organs such as lung, cannot be infiltrated by circulating ILCs in adulthood even during cardiac inflammation or ischemia. Thus, the ILC2s present during inflammatory conditions are derived from the heart-resident and quiescent steady-state population. Non-cytotoxic cardiac ILCs are a resident population of ILC2-commited cells, with undifferentiated progenitor-like features in steady-state conditions and an ability to expand and develop pro-inflammatory type 2 features during inflammation or ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bracamonte-Baran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guobao Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xuezhou Hou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monica V. Talor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hee Sun Choi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Giovanni Davogustto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jungeun Sung
- School of Medicine, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Joel Hackam
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Nauen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cells: surprises and challenges. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:299-311. [PMID: 30664706 PMCID: PMC6436699 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a recently described subset of innate lymphocytes with important immune and homeostatic functions at multiple tissue sites, especially the lung. These cells expand locally after birth and during postnatal lung maturation and are present in the lung and other peripheral organs. They are modified by a variety of processes and mediate inflammatory responses to respiratory pathogens, inhaled allergens and noxious particles. Here, we review the emerging roles of ILC2s in pulmonary homeostasis and discuss recent and surprising advances in our understanding of how hormones, age, neurotransmitters, environmental challenges, and infection influence ILC2s. We also review how these responses may underpin the development, progression and severity of pulmonary inflammation and chronic lung diseases and highlight some of the remaining challenges for ILC2 biology.
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40
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Biomaterials: Foreign Bodies or Tuners for the Immune Response? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030636. [PMID: 30717232 PMCID: PMC6386828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The perspectives of regenerative medicine are still severely hampered by the host response to biomaterial implantation, despite the robustness of technologies that hold the promise to recover the functionality of damaged organs and tissues. In this scenario, the cellular and molecular events that decide on implant success and tissue regeneration are played at the interface between the foreign body and the host inflammation, determined by innate and adaptive immune responses. To avoid adverse events, rather than the use of inert scaffolds, current state of the art points to the use of immunomodulatory biomaterials and their knowledge-based use to reduce neutrophil activation, and optimize M1 to M2 macrophage polarization, Th1 to Th2 lymphocyte switch, and Treg induction. Despite the fact that the field is still evolving and much remains to be accomplished, recent research breakthroughs have provided a broader insight on the correct choice of biomaterial physicochemical modifications to tune the reaction of the host immune system to implanted biomaterial and to favor integration and healing.
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41
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Mukai K, Tsai M, Saito H, Galli SJ. Mast cells as sources of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Immunol Rev 2019; 282:121-150. [PMID: 29431212 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are hematopoietic cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues and that represent potential sources of a wide variety of biologically active secreted products, including diverse cytokines and growth factors. There is strong evidence for important non-redundant roles of mast cells in many types of innate or adaptive immune responses, including making important contributions to immediate and chronic IgE-associated allergic disorders and enhancing host resistance to certain venoms and parasites. However, mast cells have been proposed to influence many other biological processes, including responses to bacteria and virus, angiogenesis, wound healing, fibrosis, autoimmune and metabolic disorders, and cancer. The potential functions of mast cells in many of these settings is thought to reflect their ability to secrete, upon appropriate activation by a range of immune or non-immune stimuli, a broad spectrum of cytokines (including many chemokines) and growth factors, with potential autocrine, paracrine, local, and systemic effects. In this review, we summarize the evidence indicating which cytokines and growth factors can be produced by various populations of rodent and human mast cells in response to particular immune or non-immune stimuli, and comment on the proven or potential roles of such mast cell products in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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42
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Sex-associated TSLP-induced immune alterations following early-life RSV infection leads to enhanced allergic disease. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:969-979. [PMID: 31076663 PMCID: PMC6599479 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have linked severe RSV infection during early-life with an enhanced likelihood of developing childhood asthma, showing a greater susceptibility in boys. Our studies show that early-life RSV infection leads to differential long-term effects based upon the sex of the neonate; leaving male mice prone to exacerbation upon secondary allergen exposure while overall protecting female mice. During initial viral infection, we observed better viral control in the female mice with correlative expression of interferon-β that was not observed in male mice. Additionally, we observed persistent immune alterations in male mice at 4 weeks post infection. These alterations include Th2 and Th17-skewing, innate cytokine expression (Tslp and Il33), and infiltration of innate immune cells (DC and ILC2). Upon exposure to allergen, beginning at 4 weeks following early-life RSV-infection, male mice show severe allergic exacerbation while female mice appear to be protected. Due to persistent expression of TSLP following early-life RSV infection in male mice, genetically modified TSLPR-/- mice were evaluated and demonstrated an abrogation of allergen exacerbation in male mice. These data indicate that TSLP is involved in the altered immune environment following neonatal RSV-infection that leads to more severe responses in males during allergy exposure, later in life. Thus, TSLP may be a clinically relevant therapeutic target early in life.
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43
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Long A, Dominguez D, Qin L, Chen S, Fan J, Zhang M, Fang D, Zhang Y, Kuzel TM, Zhang B. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Impede IL-33-Mediated Tumor Suppression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3456-3464. [PMID: 30373846 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have recently explored the contribution of the adaptive immunity in IL-33-mediated antitumor effects, innate immune involvement has been poorly characterized. Utilizing Rag1-/- mice (lacking T and B lymphocytes), we show in this study that either systemic administration of recombinant IL-33 or ectopic expression of IL-33 in melanoma cells is sufficient to inhibit tumor growth independent of adaptive antitumor immunity. We have demonstrated that IL-33-mediated antitumor effects depend on expansion and activation of NK cells. Interestingly, IL-33 also promoted the expansion of active type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) via its receptor, ST2, which in turn inhibited NK activation and cytotoxicity. This IL-33-induced ILC2 activity coincided with greater expression of the immunosuppressive ectoenzyme CD73. Removal of CD73 from ILC2s in culture with NK cells resulted in markedly increased activation levels in NK cells, offering a potential mechanism by which ILC2s might suppress NK cell-mediated tumor killing. Thus, our data reveal an important contribution of IL-33-induced ILC2 to tumor growth by weakening NK cell activation and tumor killing, regardless of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Long
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.,Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan, China
| | - Donye Dominguez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Lei Qin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Siqi Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jie Fan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan, China
| | - Timothy M Kuzel
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; .,Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan, China
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44
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Yasuda K, Adachi T, Koida A, Nakanishi K. Nematode-Infected Mice Acquire Resistance to Subsequent Infection With Unrelated Nematode by Inducing Highly Responsive Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Lung. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2132. [PMID: 30283458 PMCID: PMC6157322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune responses against helminths have been investigated individually, and it is well-established that infected hosts develop an immunological memory to resist reinfection by the same pathogen. In contrast, it is poorly understood how the host immune system responds to subsequent infection by unrelated parasites after elimination of the first infection. We previously reported that infection of mice with Strongyloides venezuelensis induces the accumulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lung. Here, we demonstrated that S. venezuelensis-experienced (Sv-exp) mice became significantly resistant against infection by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. N. brasiliensis infection induced enhanced accumulation of ILC2s and eosinophils with increased expressions of mRNA for Th2 cytokines in the lungs of Sv-exp mice. The resistance was dependent on ILC2s, and eosinophils but not on CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, pulmonary ILC2s in Sv-exp mice acquired a highly responsive “trained” phenotype; in response to N. brasiliensis infection, they rapidly increased and produced IL-5 and IL-13, which in turn induced the early accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs. IL-33 was required for the accumulation of ILC2s and the resistance of mice against N. brasiliensis infection but insufficient for the induction of trained ILC2s. In conclusion, animals infected with one type of lung-migratory nematodes acquire a specific-antigen-independent resistance to another type of lung-migrating nematodes, providing animals with the capacity to protect against sequential infections with various lung-migratory nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koubun Yasuda
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takumi Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsuhide Koida
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakanishi
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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45
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The roles for innate lymphoid cells in the human immune system. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:407-419. [PMID: 29948108 PMCID: PMC6060849 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
From constituting a novel and obscure cell population, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are now accepted as a self-evident part of the immune system, contributing with unique and complementary functions to immunity by production of effector cytokines and interaction with other cell types. In this review, we discuss the redundant and complementary roles of the highly plastic human ILCs and their interaction with other immune cells with the ultimate aim of placing ILCs in a wider context within the human immune system.
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Huang Y, Mao K, Chen X, Sun MA, Kawabe T, Li W, Usher N, Zhu J, Urban JF, Paul WE, Germain RN. S1P-dependent interorgan trafficking of group 2 innate lymphoid cells supports host defense. Science 2018; 359:114-119. [PMID: 29302015 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate counterparts of adaptive T lymphocytes, contributing to host defense, tissue repair, metabolic homeostasis, and inflammatory diseases. ILCs have been considered to be tissue-resident cells, but whether ILCs move between tissue sites during infection has been unclear. We show here that interleukin-25- or helminth-induced inflammatory ILC2s are circulating cells that arise from resting ILC2s residing in intestinal lamina propria. They migrate to diverse tissues based on sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated chemotaxis that promotes lymphatic entry, blood circulation, and accumulation in peripheral sites, including the lung, where they contribute to anti-helminth defense and tissue repair. This ILC2 expansion and migration is a behavioral parallel to the antigen-driven proliferation and migration of adaptive lymphocytes to effector sites and indicates that ILCs complement adaptive immunity by providing both local and distant tissue protection during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Huang
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kairui Mao
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ming-An Sun
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Takeshi Kawabe
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weizhe Li
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas Usher
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Undergraduate Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - William E Paul
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. .,Laboratory of Systems Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Cai T, Qiu J, Ji Y, Li W, Ding Z, Suo C, Chang J, Wang J, He R, Qian Y, Guo X, Zhou L, Sheng H, Shen L, Qiu J. IL-17-producing ST2 + group 2 innate lymphoid cells play a pathogenic role in lung inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:229-244.e9. [PMID: 29625134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17 plays a pathogenic role in asthma. ST2- inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) driven by IL-25 can produce IL-17, whereas ST2+ natural ILC2s produce little IL-17. OBJECTIVE We characterized ST2+IL-17+ ILC2s during lung inflammation and determined the pathogenesis and molecular regulation of ST2+IL-17+ ILC2s. METHODS Lung inflammation was induced by papain or IL-33. IL-17 production by lung ILC2s from wild-type, Rag1-/-, Rorcgfp/gfp, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)-/- mice was examined by using flow cytometry. Bone marrow transfer experiments were performed to evaluate hematopoietic myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88) signaling in regulating IL-17 production by ILC2s. mRNA expression of IL-17 was analyzed in purified naive ILC2s treated with IL-33, leukotrienes, and inhibitors for nuclear factor of activated T cells, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or nuclear factor κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells. The pathogenesis of IL-17+ ILC2s was determined by transferring wild-type or Il17-/- ILC2s to Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mice, which further induced lung inflammation. Finally, expression of 106 ILC2 signature genes was compared between ST2+IL-17+ ILC2s and ST2+IL-17- ILC2s. RESULTS Papain or IL-33 treatment boosted IL-17 production from ST2+ ILC2s (referred to by us as ILC217s) but not ST2- ILC2s. Ahr, but not retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt, facilitated the production of IL-17 by ILC217s. The hematopoietic compartment of MyD88 signaling is essential for ILC217 induction. IL-33 works in synergy with leukotrienes, which signal through nuclear factor of activated T-cell activation to promote IL-17 in ILC217s. Il17-/- ILC2s were less pathogenic in lung inflammation. ILC217s concomitantly expressed IL-5 and IL-13 but expressed little GM-CSF. CONCLUSION During lung inflammation, IL-33 and leukotrienes synergistically induce ILC217s. ILC217s are a highly pathogenic and unexpected source for IL-17 in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youcun Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Male-specific IL-33 expression regulates sex-dimorphic EAE susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1520-E1529. [PMID: 29378942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710401115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular basis of sex-dimorphic autoimmune diseases, such as the CNS demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS), remains unclear. Our studies in the SJL mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), reveal that sex-determined differences in Il33 expression by innate immune cells in response to myelin peptide immunization regulate EAE susceptibility. IL-33 is selectively induced in PLP139-151-immunized males and activates type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), cells that promote and sustain a nonpathogenic Th2 myelin-specific response. Without this attenuating IL-33 response, females generate an encephalitogenic Th17-dominant response, which can be reversed by IL-33 treatment. Mast cells are one source of IL-33 and we provide evidence that testosterone directly induces Il33 gene expression and also exerts effects on the potential for Il33 gene expression during mast cell development. Thus, in contrast to their pathogenic role in allergy, we propose a sex-specific role for both mast cells and ILC2s as attenuators of the pathogenic Th response in CNS inflammatory disease.
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Expression of IL-33 in ocular surface epithelium induces atopic keratoconjunctivitis with activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10053. [PMID: 28855579 PMCID: PMC5577277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In a transgenic mouse line hK14mIL33tg, with the expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) driven by a keratin 14 promoter, keratoconjunctivitis developed spontaneously between 18 and 22 weeks of age under specific-pathogen-free conditions. These mice showed blepharitis and corneal impairments, and the histology revealed epithelial thickening in the conjunctiva and the cornea with infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils. IL-5, IL-13 and CCL11 were abundant in lacrimal fluid in the mice, and the gene expressions of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, Prg2 and Mmcp8 were significantly increased in the cornea. Furthermore, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) producing IL-5 and IL-13 were markedly increased in the cornea. These phenotypes closely resemble human atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). The characteristic ocular phenotype in these mice strongly suggests that IL-33 is crucial for the development of AKC. The mouse line may be useful as a novel model for research and development of therapeutic strategies for AKC.
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Innate lymphoid cells in autoimmunity: emerging regulators in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:164-173. [PMID: 28148916 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important in the regulation of barrier homeostasis. These cells do not express T cell receptors but share many functional similarities with T helper cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. ILCs are divided into three groups, namely group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs and group 3 ILCs, based on the transcription factors they depend on for their development and function, and the cytokines they produce. Emerging data indicate that ILCs not only have protective functions but can also have detrimental effects when dysregulated, leading to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, graft-versus-host disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis. Elucidation of the cytokine pathways involved in various autoimmune diseases - and the identification of ILCs as potent producers of these cytokines - points towards a potential role for these cellular players in the pathophysiology of these diseases. In this Review we discuss the current knowledge of the role of ILCs in the pathogenesis of rheumatic and other autoimmune diseases.
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