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Seo KW, Do KH, Shin MK, Lee WK, Lee WK. Comparative genetic characterization of CMY-2-type beta-lactamase producing pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from humans and pigs suffering from diarrhea in Korea. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:7. [PMID: 36658572 PMCID: PMC9854124 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic Escherichia coli are an important cause of bacterial infections in both humans and pigs and many of antimicrobials are used for the treatment of E. coli infection. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and relationship between humans and pigs regarding third-generation cephalosporin resistance and CMY-2-producing E. coli in Korea. RESULTS All 103 third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates showed multidrug resistance. Also, except for β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, all antimicrobials resistant rates were higher in pigs than in humans. A total of 36 isolates (humans: five isolates; pigs: 31 isolates) were positive for the CMY-2-encoding genes and thirty-two (88.9%) isolates detected class 1 integrons with 10 different gene cassette arrangements, and only 1 isolate detected a class 2 integron. The most common virulence genes in pigs were LT (71.0%), F18 (51.6%), and STb (51.6%), while stx2 (80.0%) was the most frequently detected gene in humans. Stx2 gene was also detected in pigs (6.5%). Interestingly, 36 CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates showed a high diversity of sequence types (ST), and ST88 was present in E. coli from both pigs (11 isolates) and humans (one isolate). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a critical need for comprehensive surveillance of third-generation cephalosporin resistance is necessary to preserve the usefulness of third-generation cephalosporins in both humans and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyo Do
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Seo K, Do KH, Lee WK. Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from suckling piglets with colibacillosis. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:216. [PMID: 36109712 PMCID: PMC9476276 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Colibacillosis is a frequent enteric disease in the pig industry that causes significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant E. coli isolates from suckling piglets with colibacillosis.
Results
A total of 43 FQ-resistant E. coli isolates were tested in this study and all isolates showed multi-drug resistance (MDR) and mutations in quinolone resistance determining regions (gyrA or parC). Especially, FQ-resistant E. coli isolates with double mutations in both gyrA and parC were shown a high FQs minimum inhibitory concentration (≥ 64 mg/L for ciprofloxacin, ≥ 128 mg/L for enrofloxacin, and ≥ 256 mg/L for norfloxacin). Among 43 FQ-resistant E. coli isolates, 12 (27.9%) were showed plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) positive E. coli. Prevalence of PMQR gene, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS, and qepA, were identified in 7, 3, and 2 E. coli isolates, respectively. We identified the following in PMQR-positive E. coli isolates: the tetracycline resistance genes tetD (12 isolates, 100.0%), tetE (12 isolates, 100.0%), tetA (11 isolates, 91.7%), and tetB (1 isolate, 8.3%); β-lactamases–encoding blaCMY-2 (10 isolates, 83.3%), blaTEM-1 (7 isolates, 58.3%), blaOXA-1 (7 isolates, 58.3%), blaSHV-1 (3 isolates, 16.7%), and blaAAC-2 (1 isolate, 8.3%); and the chloramphenicol resistance genes (10 isolates, 83.3%); the sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 (9 isolates, 75.0%) and sul2 (10 isolates, 83.3%); the aminoglycoside modifying enzyme gene aac(3)-II (2 isolates, 16.7%). The F4 (7 isolates, 58.3%), LT:STb:EAST1 (5 isolates, 41.7%), and paa (3 isolates, 25.0%) were most common fimbrial antigen, combinations of toxin genes, and non-fimbrial adhesins genes, respectively. All PMQR-positive E. coli carried class I integrons but only 4 isolates carried the gene cassette. The most prevalent plasmid replicon was FIB (9 isolates, 75.0%), followed by FIC, HI1, and N (7 isolates, 58.3%), respectively.
Conclusions
Because FQ-resistant E. coli can serve as a reservoir of FQ resistant genetic determinants that can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria in humans or pigs, this represents a public health hazard.
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Prevalence and characterisation of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 and 2 integrons in multiresistant Escherichia coli isolated from poultry production. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6062. [PMID: 35410349 PMCID: PMC9001716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A global increase in the populations of drug resistant bacteria exerts negative effects on animal production and human health. Our study has been focused on the assessment of resistance determinants in relation to phenotypic resistance of the 74 commensal E. coli isolates present in different ecological environments. The samples were collected from poultry litter, feces, and neck skin. Among the microorganisms isolated from the poultry litter (group A), the highest resistance was noted against AMP and DOX (100%). In the E. coli extracts from the cloacal swabs (group B), the highest resistance was observed against AMP (100%) and CIP (92%). The meat samples (group C) were characterized by resistance to AMP (100%) and STX (94.7%). Genes encoding resistance to β-lactams (blaTEM, blaCTX-M), fluoroquinolones (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS), aminoglycosides (strA-strB, aphA1, aac(3)-II), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2, sul3), trimethoprim (dfr1, dfr5, dfr7/17) and tetracyclines (tetA, tetB) were detected in the studied bacterial isolates. The presence of class 1 and 2 integrons was confirmed in 75% of the MDR E. coli isolates (plasmid DNA), of which 60% contained class 1 integrons, 15% contained class 2 integrons, and 11.7% carried integrons of both classes. Thus, it may be concluded that integrons are the common mediators of antimicrobial resistance among commensal multidrug resistant Escherichia coli at important stages of poultry production.
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Masui T, Nakano R, Nakano A, Saito K, Suzuki Y, Kakuta N, Horiuchi S, Tsubaki K, Kitahara T, Yano H. Predominance of CTX-M-9 Group Among ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Individuals in Japan. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:355-360. [PMID: 34990283 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales, microorganisms associated with health care settings, has significantly increased worldwide. Moreover, their community incidence has increased in several countries. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from 547 nonduplicated stool specimens from healthy Japanese individuals, between 2015 and 2019. E. coli were isolated on deoxycholate-hydrogen sulfide-lactose (DHL) agar and identified by MALDI-TOF MS, ESBL were screened through disk diffusion method (cefotaxime with or without clavulanate), and genetic detection and genotyping were performed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Clonal similarities between ESBL-producing and nonproducing isolates were assessed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli was 9.7% (53/547). These bacteria harbored CTX-M genes, from which CTX-M-9 (31/53, 58.5%) and CTX-M-1 (13/53, 24.5%) groups were the predominant. The MLST analysis revealed that ST131 genotype prevailed within ESBL-producing E. coli (15/53), whereas ST95 (10/53) and ST73 (8/53) prevailed among non-ESBL producers, with ST131 being present in only four isolates. Overall, a high prevalence rate of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli was detected. CTX-M-9 group-producing ST131 predominated among healthy Japanese individuals, similar to that observed in hospital isolates. CTX-M-type ESBL may disseminate clonally among hospital patients and subsequently, within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Masui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akiyo Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kai Saito
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Naoki Kakuta
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Saori Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsubaki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kitahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Characterization of Integrons and Quinolone Resistance in Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates in Mansoura City, Egypt. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:6468942. [PMID: 34527054 PMCID: PMC8437661 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6468942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common pathogen in both humans and animals. Quinolones are used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, but resistance genes emerged. Only scarce studies investigated the association between plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and integrons in clinical isolates of E. coli. The current study investigated the prevalence of quinolone resistance and integrons among 134 clinical E. coli isolates. Eighty (59.70%) isolates were quinolone-resistant, and 60/134 (44.77%) isolates were integron positive with the predominance of class I integrons (98.33%). There was a significant association between quinolone resistance and the presence of integrons (P < 0.0001). Isolates from Urology and Nephrology Center and Gastroenterology Hospital were significantly quinolone-resistant and integron positive (P ≤ 0.0005). Detection of PMQR genes on plasmids of integron-positive isolates showed that the active efflux pump genes oqxAB and qepA had the highest prevalence (72.22%), followed by the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene (aac(6′)-Ib-cr, 66.67%) and the quinolone resistance genes (qnr, 61.11%). Amplification and sequencing of integrons' variable regions illustrated that no quinolone resistance genes were detected, and the most predominant gene cassettes were for trimethoprim and aminoglycoside resistance including dfrA17, dfrB4, and dfrA17-aadA5. In conclusion, this study reported the high prevalence of PMQR genes and integrons among clinical E. coli isolates. Although PMQR genes are not cassette-born, they were associated with integrons' presence, which contributes to the widespread of quinolone resistance in Egypt.
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Hwang SB, Chelliah R, Kang JE, Rubab M, Banan-MwineDaliri E, Elahi F, Oh DH. Role of Recent Therapeutic Applications and the Infection Strategies of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:614963. [PMID: 34268129 PMCID: PMC8276698 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.614963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a global foodborne bacterial pathogen that is often accountable for colon disorder or distress. STEC commonly induces severe diarrhea in hosts but can cause critical illnesses due to the Shiga toxin virulence factors. To date, there have been a significant number of STEC serotypes have been evolved. STECs vary from nausea and hemorrhoid (HC) to possible lethal hemolytic-based uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Inflammation-based STEC is usually a foodborne illness with Shiga toxins (Stx 1 and 2) thought to be pathogenesis. The STEC's pathogenicity depends significantly on developing one or more Shiga toxins, which can constrain host cell protein synthesis leading to cytotoxicity. In managing STEC infections, antimicrobial agents are generally avoided, as bacterial damage and discharge of accumulated toxins are thought the body. It has also been documented that certain antibiotics improve toxin production and the development of these species. Many different groups have attempted various therapies, including toxin-focused antibodies, toxin-based polymers, synbiotic agents, and secondary metabolites remedies. Besides, in recent years, antibiotics' efficacy in treating STEC infections has been reassessed with some encouraging methods. Nevertheless, the primary role of synbiotic effectiveness (probiotic and prebiotic) against pathogenic STEC and other enteropathogens is less recognized. Additional studies are required to understand the mechanisms of action of probiotic bacteria and yeast against STEC infection. Because of the consensus contraindication of antimicrobials for these bacterial pathogens, the examination was focused on alternative remedy strategies for STEC infections. The rise of novel STEC serotypes and approaches employed in its treatment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-bin Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Momna Rubab
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eric Banan-MwineDaliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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7
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Abbasi E, Ghaznavi-Rad E. Quinolone resistant Salmonella species isolated from pediatric patients with diarrhea in central Iran. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:140. [PMID: 33784974 PMCID: PMC8010990 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the frequency and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella species that were isolated from infectious diarrhea samples taken from pediatric patients in central Iran. Methods The study analyzed 230 stool specimens that were cultured on XLD, MacConkey agar and GN broth. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the Salmonella genus. The antibiotic resistance profiles and the frequency of quinolone and integron genes were obtained. Results Out of 230 samples of infectious diarrhea, 21 (9.1%) cases of Salmonella spp. were identified using culture methods. Another 28 (12.1%) samples had positive PCR results, with S. serovar Paratyphi B and C (9/21; 42.8%) and S. Typhi (3/21; 14.3%) being the most recognized. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were found for nalidixic acid (15/21; 71.4%), tetracycline (9/21; 42.8%). However, six (28.5%) of isolates were found resistant to cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Among the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants, qnrS, qnrA, and qnrB were positive in (9/15; 60%), (6/15; 40%) and (3/15; 20%) of the isolates, respectively. Class 1 and 2 integrons were identified in 15 (71.4%) and 3 (14.3%) isolates, respectively. Conclusion High rates of quinolone resistant and low frequency of MDR Salmonella spp. isolates were identified in central Iran, similar to findings in other parts of Asia. To prevent the spread of these resistant strains, the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates should be under constant surveillance, and empiric antibiotic therapy should be adapted appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran. .,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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Fallah N, Rad M, Ghazvini K, Ghaemi M, Jamshidi A. Molecular typing and prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from foods and humans in Mashhad, Iran. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2033-2048. [PMID: 33719123 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Present study was aimed to determine ESBL-encoding genes distribution in Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from animal-source food products and human clinical samples in Mashhad, Iran. The strains were also further studied to analyse genotypic diversity and find genetic relationships between them. METHODS AND RESULTS The number of 85 DEC strains including 52 and 33 strains isolated from 300 food and 520 human stool samples, respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) typing methods were used to track their genetic relationships. The ESBL-encoding genes prevalence was approximately 70% in both groups of isolates. The blaTEM , blaCTX-M and blaSHV were prevalent in 67·1, 20 and 10·6% of isolates, respectively. The ESBL-positives showed significantly higher resistance rates to gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, aztreonam and chloramphenicol (P < 0·05). Fingerprinting patterns-based dendrograms divided DEC strains into separate clusters irrespective of their sources and pathotypes. In typing field, rep-PCR provided more discriminatory power (Simpson's index of diversity (SID) = 0·925) than RAPD (SID = 0·812). CONCLUSION Molecular similarity between certain animal-sourced food products and clinical sample strains supported food-borne transmission routes for genotypic elements such as ESBL-encoding genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Findings emphasize the importance of resistance issues, the need to improve treatment guidelines and routine surveillance of hygienic measures during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fallah
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Rad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - K Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Ghaemi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Jamshidi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Seo KW, Lee YJ. The occurrence of CTX-M-producing E. coli in the broiler parent stock in Korea. Poult Sci 2020; 100:1008-1015. [PMID: 33518059 PMCID: PMC7858018 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of antimicrobials are used for the treatment of bacterial infections, and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in livestock and the transfer of resistant isolates to humans poses a serious potential risk to public health. In particular, broiler parent stock produce thousands of eggs for commercial broiler chickens and can transfer antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and drug-resistance genes to chicks. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolated from the broiler parent stock in Korea. Among 51 cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates, 45 (88.2%) isolates were identified as multidrug resistant and 21 isolates showed phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of CTX-M-producing E. coli. The CTX-M genes CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-1, and CTX-M-1 were detected in 10, 7, 3, and 1 isolates, respectively. ISEcp1 or IS26 + ISEcp1 were identified upstream of all CTX-M-type genes, and orf477 and IS903 were detected downstream of 9 and 10 CTX-M-type genes, respectively. Thirteen (61.9%) of the 21 CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates harbored class 1 integrons with 4 different gene cassette arrangements. Among the plasmid replicons, CTX-M-1 was located on I1, F, and FIB; CTX-M-14 on F and FII; CTX-M-15 on FII, FIA, and FIB; and CTX-M-65 on FIB. This is the first study to investigate the presence and distribution of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and CTX-M-producing E. coli isolated from the broiler parent stock level in Korea, and the results indicate that comprehensive surveillance and persistent monitoring systems in broiler parent stock farms are necessary to prevent the dissemination of resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Marbou WJT, Jain P, Samajpati S, Halder G, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Kuete V. Profiling Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Markers of Enterovirulent Escherichia Coli from Fecal Isolates of Adult Patients with Enteric Infections in West Cameroon. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020; 11:216-230. [PMID: 32864313 PMCID: PMC7442445 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify virulent and antimicrobial resistant genes in fecal E. coli in Mbouda, Cameroon. Methods A total of 599 fecal samples were collected from patients with enteric infections who were ≥ 20 years old. E. coli was isolated on the MacConkey agar and virulent genes were detected by multiplex/simplex PCR. Isolates in which ≥ 1 virulent gene was detected were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The resulting resistant isolates were subjected to PCR, followed by sequencing for resistant genes detection. Results There were 119 enterovirulent E. coli identified, amongst which 47.05% were atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 36.97% enterotoxigenic E. coli, 10.08% Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) and 5.88% were enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). The occurrence of the eae gene (47.06%) was higher compared with CVD432 (33.61%), aaic (13.45%), stx2 (10.08%) and stx1 (0.84%). High resistance rates were noted for ampicillin (94.64% EPEC, 91.67% STEC, 59.09% EAEC, and 57.14% EIEC) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (100% EPEC and 83.33% STEC, 81.82% EAEC and 71.43% EIEC). sul2 (71.43%), tetB (64.71%), tetA (59.94%) and blaTEM (52.10%) were detected. A double mutation (S83L; D87N) was seen in gyrA and a single mutation (S80I) was observed in parC. Conclusion These findings suggested that measures should be taken to reduce the harm of E. coli to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiliane J T Marbou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Bacteriology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Bacteriology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Sriparna Samajpati
- Bacteriology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Gourab Halder
- Bacteriology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- Bacteriology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Bacteriology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Ali N, Lin Y, Qing Z, Xiao D, Ud Din A, Ali I, Lian T, Chen B, Wen R. The Role of Agriculture in the Dissemination of Class 1 Integrons, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Diversity of Their Gene Cassettes in Southern China. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091014. [PMID: 32872161 PMCID: PMC7564866 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrons are hot spots for acquiring gene cassettes from the environment and play a major role in the bacterial evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), thus posing a serious threat. There are currently studies on integrons and antibiotic resistance genes; however, the presence and association of integrons in different agricultural crops and their subsequent dissemination and role in AMR have not been reported previously. This study examines the abundance of integrons, their gene cassette diversity in various crop soils, and their role in the dissemination of AMR in the southern region of China. Samples from different agri-crop soil, such as rice (R.S), sugarcane (S.S), citrus (C.S), banana (B.S), agricultural runoff (the point where the runoff of all sites meet (R.O)), and wild (non-agricultural) soil (W.S), were collected. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the abundance of integrons, and clone libraries were constructed to examine the gene cassette arrays. All the tested samples were found positive for Class-I (CL1) integrons and revealed a higher concentration and higher relative abundance of R.S than the others, with the least found at the W.S site. The W.S CL1 cassette arrays were found empty, and no putative conserved domains were found. The R.O was found to contain a high number of gene cassettes with various functions, while the smallest number of gene cassettes was found in the S.S among the crop soils. Most of the gene cassettes presented by the R.O were primarily shared with other sites, and the antibiotic-resistant genes were consistently observed to be dominant. The constructed clone libraries represented a diverse gene cassette array with 16% novel gene cassettes that play a vital role in pathogenesis, transportation, biosynthesis, and AMR. Most resistance-related gene cassettes were associated with the genes encoding resistance to quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and aminoglycosides. This study highlights the significant differences in the abundance of integrons among various agricultural soils and offers deep insight into the pools of gene cassettes that play a key role in the dissemination of integrons and AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ali
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio-Resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.); (D.X.); (I.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Yinfu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio-Resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.); (D.X.); (I.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Zhen Qing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio-Resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.); (D.X.); (I.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Dan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio-Resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.); (D.X.); (I.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Drug Discovery Research Center, South West Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Izhar Ali
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio-Resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.); (D.X.); (I.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Tengxiang Lian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio-Resources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio-Resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.); (D.X.); (I.A.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ronghui Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio-Resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.); (D.X.); (I.A.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13669614062
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Genomic profiling of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi from patients infected with Typhoid fever in India. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8299. [PMID: 32427945 PMCID: PMC7237477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi currently forms a major roadblock for the treatment of enteric fever. This poses a major health problem in endemic regions and extends to travellers returning from developing countries. The appearance of fluoroquinolone non-susceptible strains has resulted in use of ceftriaxone as drug of choice with azithromycin being recommended for uncomplicated cases of typhoid fever. A recent sporadic instance of decreased susceptibility to the latest drug regime has necessitated a detailed analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes and possible relationships with their phenotypes to facilitate selection of future treatment regimes. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted for 133 clinical isolates from typhoid patients. Sequence output files were processed for pan-genome analysis and prediction of antimicrobial resistance genes. The WGS analyses disclosed the existence of fluoroquinolone resistance conferring mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes of all strains. Acquired resistance determining mechanisms observed included catA1 genes for chloramphenicol resistance, dfrA7, dfrA15, sul1 and sul2 for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and blaTEM-116/blaTEM-1B genes for amoxicillin. No resistance determinants were found for ceftriaxone and cefixime. The genotypes were further correlated with their respective phenotypes for chloramphenicol, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. A high correlation was observed between genotypes and phenotypes in isolates of S. Typhi. The pan-genome analysis revealed that core genes were enriched in metabolic functions and accessory genes were majorly implicated in pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance. The pan-genome of S. Typhi appears to be closed (Bpan = 0.09) as analysed by Heap’s law. Simpson’s diversity index of 0.51 showed a lower level of genetic diversity among isolates of S. Typhi. Overall, this study augments the present knowledge that WGS can help predict resistance genotypes and eventual correlation with phenotypes, enabling the chance to spot AMR determinants for fast diagnosis and prioritize antibiotic use directly from sequence.
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Abbasi E, Mondanizadeh M, van Belkum A, Ghaznavi-Rad E. Multi-Drug-Resistant Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Pediatric Patients with Gastroenteritis from Central Iran. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1387-1396. [PMID: 32523359 PMCID: PMC7234969 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s247732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a significant cause of gastroenteritis and a major public health problem. This study investigates the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of DEC that were isolated from infectious diarrhea samples of pediatric patients from central Iran. Patients and Methods Pediatric diarrhea samples were collected from 230 pediatric patients visiting the hospital. E. coli pathotypes were diagnosed by using conventional culture methods and PCR. Antibiotic resistance profiles, the frequency of multi-drug resistance (MDR), and the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC and integron-associated genes were analyzed. Results Of the 230 samples of infectious diarrhea, 91 (39.5%) produced E. coli isolates. Of these, 32 cases (35.1%) were identified as DEC by culture and PCR. The frequency of the E. coli pathotypes obtained was as follows: EAEC 11/32 (34.3%), EPEC 9/32 (28.1%), ETEC 6/32 (18.7%), EIEC 3/32 (9.3%), and EHEC 3/32 (9.3%). The antibiotic resistance rates were greater for nalidixic acid (30/32; 93.7%), ampicillin (29/32; 90.6%), and tetracycline (25/32; 78.1%) than for any of the other tested antibiotics. High levels of MDR (25/32; 78.1%) and the presence of ESBL (18/32; 56.2%) and AmpC (9/32; 28.1%) were observed in the DEC isolates. The isolates showed a higher frequency of the ESBL genes [blaTEM (18/18; 100%), blaCTX-M15 (17/18; 94.4%)], and AmpC [bla CIT (4/9; 44.4%) and blaDHA (4/9; 44.4%)] than of the other ESBL and AmpC genes. Conclusion Compared to the previous study, DEC appeared to be the second-most abundant agent of diarrhea in pediatric patients after Campylobacter jejuni, with frequent MDR and ESBL presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mondanizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Department, BioMérieux, La Balme les Grottes, France
| | - Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arak School of Paramedicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Karimi Dehkordi M, Halaji M, Nouri S. Prevalence of class 1 integron in Escherichia coli isolated from animal sources in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:16. [PMID: 32280298 PMCID: PMC7137206 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among the genetic elements, integrons may contribute to the widespread incidence and spreading of antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolates. Accordingly, this review aims to investigate the prevalence of class 1 integron in E. coli isolated from animal sources in Iran. Methods This systematic literature search was performed from January 1, 2000 to the end of May 1, 2019. Then, publications that met our inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis. Also, the quality of included studies was independently assessed by two researchers based on the Joanna Briggs Institute. Meta-analysis was performed by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software using the random effects model, Cochran’s Q, and I2 tests. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test. Results Based on inclusion criteria, five studies were included to meta-analysis. From those studies, the pooled prevalence of integrons was 33% (95% CI, 23.8–43.7%) ranging from 23.8 to 52.4%. There was a significant heterogeneity among the 5 studies (χ2 = 11.73; p < 0.019; I2 = 65.91%). Additionally, Begg’s and Egger’s tests were performed to quantitatively evaluate the publication biases. According to the results of Begg’s test (z = 1.22, p = 0.22) and Egger’s test (t = 3.03, p = 0.056), a significant publication bias was not observed. Conclusions Our finding revealed the relatively high prevalence of class 1 integrons among E. coli isolates. Moreover, there was a significant heterogeneity among studies and subgroup analysis also showed that there was no difference about prevalence of class 1 integrons among different sample source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karimi Dehkordi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- 2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samereh Nouri
- 3Department of Microbiology, Clinical Laboratory of Al Zahra Medical Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Truncated Class 1 Integron Gene Cassette Arrays Contribute to Antimicrobial Resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4908189. [PMID: 32090095 PMCID: PMC7013361 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4908189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Class 1 integrons (c1-integrons) are associated with multidrug resistance in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). However, little is known about gene cassettes located within these c1-integrons, particularly truncated c1-integrons, in DEC strains. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to reveal the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and the presence of truncated c1-integrons in DEC isolates derived from human stool samples in Japan. A total of 162 human stool-derived DEC isolates from Japan were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR-based gene detection, and next-generation sequencing analyses. Results showed that 44.4% (12/27) of c1-integrons identified in the DEC isolates harbored only intI1 (an element of c1-integrons) and were truncated by IS26, Tn3, or IS1-group insertion sequences. No difference in the frequency of antimicrobial resistance was recorded between intact and truncated c1-integron-positive DEC isolates. Isolates containing intact/truncated c1-integrons, particularly enteroaggregative E. coli isolates, were resistant to a greater number of antimicrobials than isolates without c1-integrons. aadA and dfrA were the most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes in the intact/truncated c1-integrons examined in this study. Therefore, gene cassettes located within these intact/truncated c1-integrons may only play a limited role in conferring antimicrobial resistance among DEC. However, DEC harboring truncated c1-integrons may be resistant to a greater number of antimicrobials than c1-integron-negative DEC, similar to strains harboring intact c1-integrons.
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Rubin J, Mussio K, Xu Y, Suh J, Riley LW. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Integrons in Commensal Gram-Negative Bacteria in a College Community. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1227-1235. [PMID: 31985343 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the human intestinal microbiome has been shown to harbor antimicrobial drug resistance genes (ARGs), the prevalence of such genes in a healthy population and their impact on extraintestinal infections that occur in that community are not well established. This study sought to identify ARG prevalence and their mobile elements in the intestines of a healthy community population at a California University, and compared these genes to those previously identified among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection from the same community. We isolated Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from fecal samples of healthy volunteers and screened them by polymerase chain reaction for class 1 integron cassette sequences and ARGs encoding resistance against ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, and colistin. We found antimicrobial-resistant GNB from 83 (81%) of 102 nonredundant rectal swab samples. Seventy-four (72%) of these samples contained β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, and blaOXY), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes (dhfr-A17, dhfr-A12, dhfr-A7, dhfr-A5, dhfr-A21, dhfr-A1, dhfr-A13, and dhfr-7), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA5, aadA2, aadA1, and aadB). Integron sequences were found in 37 (36%) fecal samples. These genes were found in 11 different GNB species. The high prevalence of clinically common ARGs and integrons harbored by GNB in the intestine of a healthy population suggest that human intestines may serve as a major reservoir of these mobile ARGs that appear in E. coli strains causing extraintestinal infections in the same community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rubin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Mussio
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Yuqi Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Joy Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lee W Riley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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The role of gulls (Laridae) in the emergence and spreading of antibiotic resistance in the environment. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933916000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Qiu J, Jiang Z, Ju Z, Zhao X, Yang J, Guo H, Sun S. Molecular and Phenotypic Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates from Farmed Minks in Zhucheng, China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3917841. [PMID: 31346516 PMCID: PMC6620841 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3917841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the prevalence, phenotypes, and clonal relationships of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from minks were investigated. In July 2017, a total of 62 fresh faecal swab samples were randomly collected from one large-scale mink farm in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, China. In all the samples, 50 E. coli strains were isolated and then assigned to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and the Class 1 integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Four pathogenic serotypes were identified among all the isolates, while the most common serotype was enterohemorrhagic E. coli O104:H4 (6.0 %). Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that most isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin (96.0 %) and amikacin (82.0 %), while most isolates were resistant to ampicillin (92.0 %) and tetracycline (90.0 %). An analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed that 7 isolates (14.0%) carried 4 types of Class 1 integron cassette, including dfrA27+aadA2+qnrA (57.1%), dfrA17+aadA5 (14.3%), dfrA12+aadA2 (14.3%), and dfrA1+aadA1 (14.3%). PCR screening showed that 14 antibiotic resistance genes were presented in 50 isolates, while the most prevalent resistance gene was qnrS, which was detected in 60.0 % of isolates, followed by sul2 (40.0%) and oqxA (38.0%). MLST analysis showed that 32 sequence types (STs) were identified, while ST46 was the predominant genotype among all isolates. Clonal complex 3 (CC3) was dominant. Compared with 340 human E. coli STs reported in China, the ST10 clonal complex, known as the largest human clonal complex, was also found in the 50 mink E. coli isolates. Meanwhile, mink-derived strain ST206 formed a new clonal complex, CC206, which was different from human ST strains. Our results showed that farmed minks could be reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli with Class 1 integron cassettes and resistance genes, which were likely to pose a threat to public health. Therefore, continuous inspections and monitoring of E. coli in minks are essential for detecting and controlling emerging E. coli with different serovars as well as antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhiyu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zijing Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
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Abbasi E, Abtahi H, van Belkum A, Ghaznavi-Rad E. Multidrug-resistant Shigella infection in pediatric patients with diarrhea from central Iran. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1535-1544. [PMID: 31239729 PMCID: PMC6559769 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s203654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Shigella spp. are primary pathogens of diarrhea in children worldwide. Emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins is crucial in the management of pediatric shigellosis. We determined the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Shigella species isolated from pediatric patients in central Iran. Materials and methods: Pediatric diarrhea samples (n=230) were cultured on MacConkey and XLD agar media and in GN broth. Genus-specific PCR for ipaH was also used for detection directly from fecal specimens. Antibiotic resistance and the frequency of ESBL and AmpC genes were determined. Results: Out of the 230 samples, 19 (8.2%) cases of Shigella spp. were identified using culture. Twenty-six samples were positive by PCR (11.3%), S. flexneri (4/19; 21%) and S. sonnei (15/19; 78.9%) being the most detected. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were found for cotrimoxazole (19/19; 100%), ampicillin (16/19; 84.2%), cefixime (13/19; 68.4%) and ceftriaxone (12/19; 63.1%). Ten cases showed phenotypic ESBL presence and all these strains were positive for blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, and blaCTX-M-15. Three strains were AmpC positive, all of which harbored blaCMY-2 and two contained blaCIT. Of the 19 Shigella isolates 5 (26.3%), 2 (10.5%), and 1 (5.2%) were phenotypically resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin, respectively. Class 1 integron was found in 18 (94.7%) isolates whereas class 2 integron was found in 19 (100%) strains. Conclusion: We found a considerable presence of Shigella species with elevated antibiotic resistance levels. In particular, the resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (ESBL) and ciprofloxacin must be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Department, BioMérieux, La Balme les Grottes, France
| | - Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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20
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Pormohammad A, Nasiri MJ, Azimi T. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains simultaneously isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1181-1197. [PMID: 31190907 PMCID: PMC6512575 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s201324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains simultaneously isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment. Methods: Studies on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library published from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2018 were searched. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the modified critical appraisal checklist recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. All analyses were conducted using Biostat's Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0. Depending on the heterogeneity test for each antibiotic, we used a random- or fixed-effect model for pooled prevalence of drug resistance. Studies were eligible if they had investigated and reported resistance in two or more isolation sources (human, animal, food, or environment). To decrease heterogeneity and bias, we excluded studies that had reported E. coli drug resistance isolated from one source only. We included publications that reported drug resistance with minimum inhibitory concentration or disk diffusion method (DDM) as antibiotic-susceptibility tests. Results: Of the 39 included studies, 20 used the DDM and 19 minimum inhibitory concentration for their antibiotic-susceptibility testing. Colistin had the lowest prevalence, with 0.8% (95% CI 0.2%–3.8%) and amoxicillin the highest, with 70.5% (95% CI 57.5%–81%) in isolated human E. coli strains tested with the DDM. To assess historical changes in antimicrobial drug resistance, subgroup analysis from 2000 to 2018 showed a significant increase in ciprofloxacin resistance. Conclusion: Monitoring and evaluating antibiotic-sensitivity patterns and preparation of reliable antibiotic strategies may lead to better outcomes for inhibition and control of E. coli infections in different regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pormohammad
- Student Research Committee, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Azimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Handrova L, Kmet V. Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of Escherichia coli from eagles and goshawks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:605-614. [PMID: 31046564 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1608103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the major global problems in medicine is microbial resistance to antibiotics (antimicrobial resistance) and this has become an increasingly frequent research topic. This study focuses on antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic and genetic characterization of Escherichia coli from wild birds: ten isolates from eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), nine from goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) and 24 from broilers in the Slovak Republic. Twenty-two strains with presence of int1 gene were selected and examined for the presence or absence of transposon gene (tn3), genes of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. We detected sequence type (ST) in eagles ST 442 with genes iss, papC, iutA, cvaC, tsh, fyuA, iroN, kps, feoB, sitA, irp2, ireA for virulence factors and tetA, sul1, sul2, dfrA, aadA for antibiotic resistance; in goshawks ST 1011 with iss, papC, fyuA, iroN, feoB, sitA and qnrS1, tetA, sul1, sul2, dfrA, aadA, respectively. These ST types have been found in humans too and should be evaluated further for possible zoonotic potential and transfer of resistance genes from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Handrova
- a Centre of biosciences of the SAS , Institute of Animal Physiology , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimir Kmet
- a Centre of biosciences of the SAS , Institute of Animal Physiology , Kosice , Slovak Republic
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Domínguez M, Miranda CD, Fuentes O, de la Fuente M, Godoy FA, Bello-Toledo H, González-Rocha G. Occurrence of Transferable Integrons and sul and dfr Genes Among Sulfonamide-and/or Trimethoprim-Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Chilean Salmonid Farms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:748. [PMID: 31031727 PMCID: PMC6474311 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmon farming industry in Chile currently uses a significant quantity of antimicrobials to control bacterial pathologies. The main aims of this study were to investigate the presence of transferable sulfonamide- and trimethoprim-resistance genes, sul and dfr, and their association with integrons among bacteria associated to Chilean salmon farming. For this purpose, 91 Gram-negative strains resistant to sulfisoxazole and/or trimethoprim recovered from various sources of seven Chilean salmonid farms and mainly identified as belonging to the Pseudomonas genus (81.0%) were studied. Patterns of antimicrobial resistance of strains showed a high incidence of resistance to florfenicol (98.9%), erythromycin (95.6%), furazolidone (90.1%) and amoxicillin (98.0%), whereas strains exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) values of sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim of >4,096 and >2,048 μg mL−1, respectively. Strains were studied for their carriage of these genes by polymerase chain reaction, using specific primers, and 28 strains (30.8%) were found to carry at least one type of sul gene, mainly associated to a class 1 integron (17 strains), and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as mainly belonging to the Pseudomonas genus (21 strains). Of these, 22 strains carried the sul1 gene, 3 strains carried the sul2 gene, and 3 strains carried both the sul1 and sul2 genes. Among these, 19 strains also carried the class 1 integron-integrase gene intI1, whereas the dfrA1, dfrA12 and dfrA14 genes were detected, mostly not inserted in the class 1 integron. Otherwise, the sul3 and intI2 genes were not found. In addition, the capability to transfer by conjugation these resistance determinants was evaluated in 22 selected strains, and sul and dfr genes were successfully transferred by 10 assayed strains, mainly mediated by a 10 kb plasmid, with a frequency of transfer of 1.4 × 10−5 to 8.4 × 10−3 transconjugant per recipient cell, and exhibiting a co-transference of resistance to florfenicol and oxytetracycline, currently the most used in Chilean salmon industry, suggesting an antibacterial co-selection phenomenon. This is the first report of the characterization and transferability of integrons as well as sul and dfr genes among bacteria associated to Chilean salmon farms, evidencing a relevant role of this environment as a reservoir of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudio D Miranda
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,Centro AquaPacífico, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Oliver Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mery de la Fuente
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Félix A Godoy
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Helia Bello-Toledo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Firoozeh F, Mahluji Z, Khorshidi A, Zibaei M. Molecular characterization of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in clinical multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:59. [PMID: 30976386 PMCID: PMC6440154 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to characterize class 1,2 and 3 integrons in clinical MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Kashan, Iran. Methods One hundred-eighty one Klebsiella pneumoniae were recovered from clinical specimens during November 2013 to October 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for detection of MDR strains. Of the 181 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 146 (80.7%) of isolates were isolated from nosocomial infected patients and 150 (82.9%) identified as MDR isolates. The PCR amplification was used to show presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons among MDR strains. The PCR method and sequencing were used for evaluation of cassette content of integrons. Results Of the MDR K. pneumoniae isolates, 150 (100%) and 55 (36.7%) carried intI1 and intI2 genes, respectively. None of the MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates carried class 3 integrons. Amplification of conserved segment (CS) of class 1 and class 2 integrons revealed 10 different arrays including: No. cassette; dfrA5, dfrA30; aadA2; aadA2, dfrA12; dfrA17, aadA5, aadA4; dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2; dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2, dfrA12, dfrA5, dfrA30, dfrA17, aadA5, aadA4; aadA2, aadA2, dfrA12; dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2, aadA2, dfrA12 and 4 arrays including: No. cassette; aadA1; dfrA1-sat1; aadA1, dfrA1-sat1, respectively. Conclusions The finding of present study revealed a high prevalence of integrons especially class 1 among MDR K. pneumoniae isolates from nosocomial infections in Kashan, which led to rapid extension of MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Firoozeh
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mahluji
- 2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khorshidi
- 2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zibaei
- 3Evidence-based Phytotherapy & Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,4Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 3149779453, Karaj, Iran
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24
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Molecular detection of Shiga toxin-producing and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from buffaloes in southwest of Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1725-1736. [PMID: 30915604 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Three hundred fifteen bacteriological samples were obtained from feces and both external and visceral cavity surfaces of carcasses of 105 healthy buffalo slaughtered in southwest of Iran. Confirmed Escherichia coli isolates were examined for antimicrobial resistance phenotypically and were screened for stx1, stx2, and eae genes and their subtypes and assessment of antimicrobial resistance genes by regular PCR and RFLP techniques. One hundred forty-five E. coli were isolated from feces (96 isolates) and external (37) and internal (12) surfaces of carcasses. Results showed that the prevalence of STEC, EPEC, and EHEC pathotypes was 2.8%, 0.7%, and 0.7% respectively. Among 6 (4.13%) positive isolates for examined genes, 4 (2.8%) isolates were positive for stx1, 3 (2.1%) for stx2, and 2 (1.4%) for eae gene. The detected genes were classified into stx1a (4 isolates), stx2a, stx2b, stx2c, eae-β, and unknown subtypes. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance gene was sulII (11.03%). The tetB, qnrB, floR, blaTEM, blaSHV, and aadA genes were found to a lesser extent, and all isolates were negative for blaCTX-15, blaOXA, aac(3)-I, tetA, cat1, qnrA, sulI, dhfrI, and dhfrV genes. Twelve combination patterns of antibiotic-resistant genes were observed. Maximum phenotypically resistance rate was against doxycycline (91.83%), and the minimum was against ceftazidime and florfenicol (2.75%). E. coli isolates from feces and carcasses of slaughtered buffalo can be considered a mild reservoir for stx and eae genes. However, healthy buffaloes could be considered a potential reservoir of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates.
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25
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Shim JB, Seo KW, Kim YB, Jeon HY, Lim SK, Lee YJ. Molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from commercial layer in Korea. Poult Sci 2019; 98:949-956. [PMID: 30239888 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the poultry industry, commercial layer farms play an important role in meeting the protein demand through the supply of eggs. However, the risk of contamination by β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in eggs laid by commercial chickens is significant. In this study, we investigated the rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) β-lactamase-producing E. coli isolated from layer hens and characterized their molecular background. Among the 92 cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates, 66 (71.7%) were identified as multidrug resistant and 29 showed phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of β-lactamase-producing E. coli. The ESBL/pAmpC genes blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, and blaCMY-2 were detected in 1, 6, 5, and 4 isolates, respectively. The non-ESBL/pAmpC gene blaTEM-1 was found in 16 isolates. Three isolates harbored both blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-14 genes. A total of 12 isolates also carried class 1 integrons, with 3 different gene cassette arrangements found in 8 of these isolates. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the 29 β-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates revealed that 4 PFGE patterns were consistent with the β-lactamase gene and layer farm origin, and showed a similar antibiotic resistance pattern. Our results suggest that comprehensive surveillance and more prudent use of third-generation cephalosporins in commercial layer farms is necessary to prevent the dissemination of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bo Shim
- R&D center, Korean Poultry TS Co., Ltd., Icheon 17415, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Bin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Detection of Extended-Spectrum ß-lactamases Production by Escherichia coli: A Phenotypic Comparative Study. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Belaynehe KM, Shin SW, Yoo HS. Interrelationship between tetracycline resistance determinants, phylogenetic group affiliation and carriage of class 1 integrons in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from cattle farms. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:340. [PMID: 30419899 PMCID: PMC6233274 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carriage of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens by food production animals is one of many contributors to treatment failure in health care settings, and it necessitates an integrated approach to investigate the carriage of resistant pathogens harboring integrons in food-producing animals. METHODS Escherichia coli isolates with reduced susceptibility to tetracycline antibiotics (n = 92) were tested for associations between carriage of class1 integrons, phylogenetic group affiliation and tetracycline resistance determinants using the MIC method, PFGE analysis, PCR and sequencing. RESULTS Phylogroups B1 and A were the most common (58.7 and 19.6%, respectively), followed by groups D (20.7%) and B2 (1.1%). All isolates carried at least one of the tet genes examined. In addition, 88 (95.7%) of all tetracycline-resistant isolates carried tet(A) or tet(B), while 47 (51.1%) and 41 (44.6%) harbored only tet(A) or tet(B), respectively. Likewise, isolates harboring these genes had a higher chance (P < 0.05) of carrying class 1 integrons. Of the tested isolates, 38 (41.3%) carried the intI1 gene. Classical integrons with complete genes (sul1 and qacE∆1) at the 3'-CS were recognized in 27 isolates. PCR screening and subsequent sequencing demonstrated that 84.2% (32/38) of the intI1-positive isolates harbored resistance gene cassettes. Overall, seven gene cassettes were identified, either solely or combined with another gene cassette. The most common gene was aadA1 (10 isolates), followed by a combination of aadA1-dfrA1 (seven isolates), aadA1-dfrA12 (six isolates) and aadA1-aadA2-dfrA12 (three isolates). Genetic typing using PFGE showed minimum clonal relatedness with 28 different clusters and 12-25 discernible DNA fragments. CONCLUSIONS This study brings new insight into the relationships between the presence of integrons, phylogenetic group association and characteristics of tetracycline antibiotic resistance determinants in commensal E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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Muloi D, Ward MJ, Pedersen AB, Fèvre EM, Woolhouse ME, van Bunnik BA. Are Food Animals Responsible for Transfer of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli or Their Resistance Determinants to Human Populations? A Systematic Review. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:467-474. [PMID: 29708778 PMCID: PMC6103250 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of farm animals in the emergence and dissemination of both AMR bacteria and their resistance determinants to humans is poorly understood and controversial. Here, we systematically reviewed the current evidence that food animals are responsible for transfer of AMR to humans. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for literature published between 1940 and 2016. Our results show that eight studies (18%) suggested evidence of transmission of AMR from food animals to humans, 25 studies (56%) suggested transmission between animals and humans with no direction specified and 12 studies (26%) did not support transmission. Quality of evidence was variable among the included studies; one study (2%) used high resolution typing tools, 36 (80%) used intermediate resolution typing tools, six (13%) relied on low resolution typing tools, and two (5%) based conclusions on co-occurrence of resistance. While some studies suggested to provide evidence that transmission of AMR from food animals to humans may occur, robust conclusions on the directionality of transmission cannot be drawn due to limitations in study methodologies. Our findings highlight the need to combine high resolution genomic data analysis with systematically collected epidemiological evidence to reconstruct patterns of AMR transmission between food animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishon Muloi
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa J. Ward
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy B. Pedersen
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eric M. Fèvre
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark E.J. Woolhouse
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bram A.D. van Bunnik
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Seo KW, Lee YJ. Prevalence and Characterization of β-Lactamases Genes and Class 1 Integrons in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken Meat in Korea. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1599-1606. [PMID: 29927695 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious public health threat throughout the world, and therapeutic options for several infectious diseases are currently limited by the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This study was designed to examine the drug resistance patterns, the prevalence of the β-lactamases, and class 1 integrons in MDR Escherichia coli isolates from chicken meat in Korea. Among 200 chicken meat samples, 101 isolates were observed to be positive for E. coli, of which 57 were identified as MDR E. coli. Among 57 MDR E. coli isolates, the prevalence of bla gene, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, and blaTEM-1, were identified in 2, 4, and 16 E. coli strains, respectively; only 1 E. coli strain had both, blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-1 genes. Twenty-one of the 57 MDR E. coli isolates also carried class 1 integrons, and 5 different gene cassette arrangements were found in 14 of the 21 class 1 integron-positive isolates. The β-lactamase-producing E. coli and integron-positive E. coli had significantly higher resistance to 16 antimicrobial drugs than the non-β-lactamase-producing E. coli and the integron-negative E. coli (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that β-lactamase and class 1 integrons are widely distributed in E. coli isolates from chicken meat, and directly contribute to resistance to diverse antimicrobial agents. Therefore, continuous investigation of integron gene cassette arrays will provide useful information regarding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Won Seo
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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30
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Impact of Wastewater Treatment on the Prevalence of Integrons and the Genetic Diversity of Integron Gene Cassettes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02766-17. [PMID: 29475864 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02766-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The integron platform allows the acquisition, expression, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes within gene cassettes. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contain abundant resistance genes; however, knowledge about the impacts of wastewater treatment on integrons and their gene cassettes is limited. In this study, by using clone library analysis and high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the abundance of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons and their corresponding gene cassettes in three urban WWTPs. Our results showed that class 1 integrons were most abundant in WWTPs and that wastewater treatment significantly reduced the abundance of all integrons. The WWTP influents harbored the highest diversity of class 1 integron gene cassettes, whereas class 3 integron gene cassettes exhibited highest diversity in activated sludge. Most of the gene cassette arrays detected in class 1 integrons were novel. Aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, and trimethoprim resistance genes were highly prevalent in class 1 integron gene cassettes, while class 3 integrons mainly carried beta-lactam resistance gene cassettes. A core class 1 integron resistance gene cassette pool persisted during wastewater treatment, implying that these resistance genes could have high potential to spread into environments through WWTPs. These data provide new insights into the impact of wastewater treatment on integron pools and highlight the need for surveillance of resistance genes within both class 1 and 3 integrons.IMPORTANCE Wastewater treatment plants represent a significant sink and transport medium for antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes spreading into environments. Integrons are important genetic elements involved in the evolution of antibiotic resistance. To better understand the impact of wastewater treatment on integrons and their gene cassette contexts, we conducted clone library construction and high-throughput sequencing to analyze gene cassette contexts for class 1 and class 3 integrons during the wastewater treatment process. This study comprehensively profiled the distribution of integrons and their gene cassettes (especially class 3 integrons) in influents, activated sludge, and effluents of conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants. We further demonstrated that while wastewater treatment significantly reduced the abundance of integrons and the diversity of associated gene cassettes, a large fraction of integrons persisted in wastewater effluents and were consequentially discharged into downstream natural environments.
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31
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Sharma P, Maherchandani S, Shringi BN, Kashyap SK, Sundar KSG. Temporal variations in patterns of Escherichia coli strain diversity and antimicrobial resistance in the migrant Egyptian vulture. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2018; 8:1450590. [PMID: 29755700 PMCID: PMC5941391 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2018.1450590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Multiple antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli of wild vertebrates is a global concern with scarce assessments on the subject from developing countries that have high human-wild species interactions. We studied the ecology of E. coli in a wintering population of Egyptian Vultures in India to understand temporal changes in both E. coli strains and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Methods and Results: We ribotyped E. coli strains and assessed antimicrobial resistance from wintering vultures at a highly synanthropic carcass dump in north-west India. Both E. coli occurence (90.32%) and resistance to multiple antimicrobials (71.43%) were very high. Clear temporal patterns were apparent. Diversity of strains changed and homogenized at the end of the Vultures' wintering period, while the resistance pattern showed significantly difference inter-annually, as well as between arrival and departing individuals within a wintering cycle. Significance of study: The carcass dump environment altered both E. coli strains and multiple antimicrobial resistance in migratory Egyptian Vultures within a season. Long-distance migratory species could therefore disseminate resistant E. coli strains across broad geographical scales rendering regional mitigation strategies to control multiple antimicrobial resistance in bacteria ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - Sunil Maherchandani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - B N Shringi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - K S Gopi Sundar
- Program SarusScape, International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI, USA
- Cranes and Wetlands Programme, Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysuru, India
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Soltan Dallal MM, Omidi S, Douraghi M, Haghi Ashtiani MT, Sharifi Yazdi MK, Okazi A. Molecular analysis of integrons and antimicrobial resistance profile in Shigella spp. isolated from acute pediatric diarrhea patients. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2018; 13:Doc02. [PMID: 29473015 PMCID: PMC5804674 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:Shigella spp. is a growing global health concern due to increasing multiple drug resistance, commonly resulting in therapeutic failure. Integrons are gene expression systems run by integrase genes. The aims of this study were detection of class I, II and III integrons and assessment of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. isolated from acute pediatric diarrhea patients. Materials and methods: From January to December 2015, 16 Shigella spp. were isolated from 310 non-duplicative diarrheal stool samples in Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. The isolates were analyzed for their antibiotic susceptibility using CLSI guidelines M100-S14. Multiplex PCR was used for amplification of I, II and III integron-associated integrase (intl) genes. Results: Of 310 stool samples, 16 (5.2%) were positive for Shigella spp., in 7 of them S. sonnei and in 9 of them S. flexneri were identified. Results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 6.2%, 50%, 31.2%, 6.2%, 81.2%, 56.2% and 31.2% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Multiplex PCR results revealed that 6.2% (1/16), 31.2% (5/16), 50% (8/16) of Shigella isolates carried intlI, intlII and both intlI/intllI genes. No class 3 integrons were detected. Discussion: In this study, multidrug resistance was seen in Shigella isolates similar to that in isolates from other geographical areas. This is possible due to inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Furthermore, prevalence of multidrug resistance was significantly linked to the presence of integrin genes. Conclusion: A class 2 integron plays a role in presence of multidrug resistance in Shigella spp. It is vital to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance through continuous monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Department of Food Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Omidi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi
- Zoonosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Okazi
- Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ombarak RA, Hinenoya A, Elbagory ARM, Yamasaki S. Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Milk and Raw Milk Cheese in Egypt. J Food Prot 2018; 81:226-232. [PMID: 29323530 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine antimicrobial resistance and characterize the implicated genes in 222 isolates of Escherichia coli from 187 samples of raw milk and the two most popular cheeses in Egypt. E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials by a disk diffusion method. Among the 222 E. coli isolates, 66 (29.7%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials, and half of these resistant isolates showed a multidrug resistance phenotype (resistance to at least three different drug classes). The resistance traits were observed to tetracycline (27.5%), ampicillin (18.9%), streptomycin (18.5%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (11.3%), cefotaxime (4.5%), kanamycin (4.1%), ceftazidime (3.6%), chloramphenicol (2.3%), nalidixic acid (1.8%), and ciprofloxacin (1.4%). No resistance to fosfomycin and imipenem was observed. Tetracycline resistance genes tetA, tetB, and tetD were detected in 53 isolates, 9 isolates, and 1 isolate, respectively, but tetC was not detected. Aminoglycoside resistance genes strA, strB, aadA, and aphA1 were detected in 41, 41, 11, and 9 isolates, respectively. Sulfonamide resistance genes sul1, sul2, and sul3 were detected in 7, 25, and 3 isolates, respectively. Of 42 ampicillin-resistant isolates, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV were detected in 40, 9, and 3 isolates, respectively, and 10 (23.8%) ampicillin-resistant isolates were found to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase. Each bla gene of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli was further subtyped to be blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-104, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV-12. The class 1 integron was also detected in 28 resistant isolates, and three different patterns were obtained by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Sequencing analysis of the variable region revealed that four isolates had dfrA12/orfF/aadA2, two had aadA22, and one had dfrA1/aadA1. These data suggest that antimicrobial-resistant E. coli are widely distributed in the milk production and processing environment in Egypt and may play a role in dissemination of antimicrobial resistance to other pathogenic and commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabee A Ombarak
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.,2 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- 2 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Yamasaki
- 2 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Mahalingam N, Manivannan B, Khamari B, Siddaramappa S, Adak S, Bulagonda EP. Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants and Their Transmissibility among Clinically Isolated Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli from South India. Med Princ Pract 2018; 27:428-435. [PMID: 29739004 PMCID: PMC6243900 DOI: 10.1159/000489885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of the CTX-M, TEM, SHV, VIM, NDM, and OXA genes in carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and their transmissibility at a tertiary care hospital in south India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one carbapenem-resistant E. coli (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; CRE) were collected from the Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences (Puttaparthi India). Resistance to antibiotics was analyzed by Vitek-2, and the identity of the isolates was confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing. RAPD and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR were performed for molecular typing. Metallo-β-lactamase production was confirmed by a double disc synergy test. The presence of the extended-spectrum β-lactamases CTX-M, TEM, and SHV and of the carbapenemases NDM, VIM, and OXA was determined by PCR. Carbapenemase variants were further confirmed by sequencing. The transmissibility of the genes was tested by conjugation. RESULTS Twelve of the 21 (57%) carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates were community acquired, indicating the spread of CRE in environmental samples. TEM and NDM-5 were found to be the major β-lactamases produced by the pathogens. OXA-181 was found in 5 of the isolates. All 21 isolates were found to harbor more than one of the tested β-lactamases, and all of the isolates were found to have the capacity to participate in conjugation; 15 of the transconjugants were found to have acquired the tested β-lactamases, substantiating their ability to be transferred to other strains of bacteria. CONCLUSION Monitoring of community-acquired carbapenem-resistant bacteria is very important as the association of resistance determinants with mobile genetic elements would present a serious clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana Mahalingam
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Puttaparthi, India
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
| | - Bhavani Manivannan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Puttaparthi, India
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
| | - Balaram Khamari
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
| | | | - Sudeshna Adak
- OMIX Research and Diagnostics Laboratories Private Limited, Bengaluru, India
| | - Eswarappa Pradeep Bulagonda
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
- *Bulagonda Eswarappa Pradeep, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh 515134 (India), E-Mail
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Chen DQ, Jiang YT, Feng DH, Wen SX, Su DH, Yang L. Integron mediated bacterial resistance and virulence on clinical pathogens. Microb Pathog 2017; 114:453-457. [PMID: 29241766 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integron was recognized as mobile elements responsible for the emergence and diffusion of antibiotic resistance, virulence and pathogenicity. The existence of resistant integron in pathogens may consequently lead to the increasing number of clinical failures in bacterial mediated diseases, as well as the expenses. In this study, a total of 22 clinical pathogens (including E. faecalis, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter, P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter) were subjected to the identification of class 1-class 3 integrons and drug resistant gene cassettes by high flux LAMP method. According to the results, the clinical isolates were screened as carrying class 1 integron with dfrA12-orfF-aadA2 cassette array, class 1 integron with dfrA17-aadA5 cassette array, class 1 integron with aadA2 cassette, class 1 integron with blaVIM2 cassette, class 1 and class 2 integron with dfrA1-sat1-aadA1 and dfrA12-orfF-aadA2 cassette arrays simultaneously, which was accordantly with the previous data. The optimized high flux LAMP assay was proceeded in water bath at 65 °C for 60 min and determined by naked eye, with the time consumption restricted within 2.5 h. Prior to conventional PCR method, the high flux LAMP assay was demonstrated as a highly-specific and highly-sensitive method. This study offered a valid LAMP method in resistance integrons detection for laboratory use, which was time-saving and easy-determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Qiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Centre for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yue-Ting Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Dong-Hua Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Centre for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Centre for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Dan-Hong Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Centre for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Rizk DE, El-Mahdy AM. Emergence of class 1 to 3 integrons among members of Enterobacteriaceae in Egypt. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:50-56. [PMID: 28942177 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the role of integrons as the main contributor to multidrug resistance worldwide, their prevalence in Egypt is still underestimated. In this work, we announce the emergence of class 2 and 3 integrons among Enterobacteriacae isolates from Mansoura University Hospitals. Ninety-three clinical isolates were obtained from different clinical sources, among which 70% of E. coli, 94.8% of K. pneumoniae and 85.7% of Enterobacter spp. were assigned to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Subsequently, the occurrence of class 1-3 integrons was confirmed by multiplex PCR. Class 1 integron was the most predominant being harbored by 42.8%, 90% and 25% of MDR E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. isolates, respectively. This was followed by class 2 and 3 integrons which were, for the first time, reported in these hospitals. Also, coexistence of integrons 1and 2 was revealed in 36.9% of integron positive isolates. A significant association was noticed only between resistance to gentamicin and integron prevalence among MDR E. coli isolates (P = 0.02). In conclusion, this work represents the first report for detection of class 2 and 3 integrons, beside the previously detected class 1 integrons. This highlights the high incidence of integrons among MDR Enterobacteriacae isolates which indicates the selective pressure of antibiotics in these hospitals. Moreover, this study confirms the possibility of the use of integrons as markers for MDR identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina E Rizk
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Areej M El-Mahdy
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Umpiérrez A, Bado I, Oliver M, Acquistapace S, Etcheverría A, Padola NL, Vignoli R, Zunino P. Zoonotic Potential and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli in Neonatal Calves in Uruguay. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:275-282. [PMID: 28904264 PMCID: PMC5606698 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the main etiological agents of neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD). The objective of this study was to assess the presence of virulence genes, genetic diversity, and antibiotic resistance mechanisms in E. coli associated with NCD in Uruguay. PCR was used to assess the presence of intimin, Shiga-like toxin, and stable and labile enterotoxin genes. Resistance to fluoroquinolones and oxyimino-cephalosporins was estimated on Müller-Hinton agar plates. Further antibiotic disc-diffusion tests were performed to assess bacterial multi-resistance. The presence of PMQR, ESBL, MCR-1, and integron genes was evaluated. Isolates were typed using ERIC-PCR, and 20 were selected for MLST, adhesion to Hep-2 cells, in vitro biofilm formation, and eukaryotic cytotoxicity. The prevalence of ETEC genes was lower than 3% in each case (estA and elt). Six isolates were EPEC (eae+) and 2 were EHEC/STEC (eae+/stx1+). The results of a diversity analysis showed high genetic heterogenicity among isolates. Additionally, different sequence types, including ST10, ST21, and ST69, were assigned to selected isolates. Thirty-six percent (96/264) of the isolates were fluoroquinolone-resistant, with 61/96 (63.5%) being multidrug-resistant. Additionally, 6 were oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant. The qnrB, qnrS1, and blaCTX-M-14 genes were detected, whereas no isolates carried the mcr-1 gene. Isolates had the ability to adhere to Hep-2 cells and form biofilms. Only 1 isolate expressed toxins in vitro. E. coli from NCD cases in Uruguay are very diverse, potentially virulent, and may interact with eukaryotic cells. Zoonotic potential, together with resistance traits and the presence of horizontal transfer mechanisms, may play a significant role in infections caused by these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Umpiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
| | - Inés Bado
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República
| | - Martín Oliver
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
| | - Sofía Acquistapace
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
| | - Analía Etcheverría
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, CIVETAN-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
| | - Nora Lía Padola
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, CIVETAN-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
| | - Rafael Vignoli
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable
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Odetoyin BW, Labar AS, Lamikanra A, Aboderin AO, Okeke IN. Classes 1 and 2 integrons in faecal Escherichia coli strains isolated from mother-child pairs in Nigeria. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183383. [PMID: 28829804 PMCID: PMC5568733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance among enteric bacteria in Africa is increasingly mediated by integrons on horizontally acquired genetic elements. There have been recent reports of such elements in invasive pathogens across Africa, but very little is known about the faecal reservoir of integron-borne genes. METHODS AND FINDINGS We screened 1098 faecal Escherichia coli isolates from 134 mother-child pairs for integron cassettes by PCR using primers that anneal to the 5' and 3' conserved ends of the cassette regions and for plasmid replicons. Genetic relatedness of isolates was determined by flagellin and multi-locus sequence typing. Integron cassettes were amplified in 410 (37.5%) isolates and were significantly associated with resistance to trimethoprim and multiple resistance. Ten cassette combinations were found in class 1 and two in class 2 integrons. The most common class 1 cassette configurations were single aadA1 (23.4%), dfrA7 (18.3%) and dfrA5 (14.4%). Class 2 cassette configurations were all either dfrA1-satI-aadA1 (n = 31, 7.6%) or dfrA1-satI (n = 13, 3.2%). A dfr cassette was detected in 294 (31.1%) of trimethoprim resistant strains and an aadA cassette in 242 (23%) of streptomycin resistant strains. Strains bearing integrons carried a wide range of plasmid replicons of which FIB/Y (n = 169; 41.2%) was the most frequently detected. Nine isolates from five different individuals carried the dfrA17-aadA5-bearing ST69 clonal group A (CGA). The same integron cassette combination was identified from multiple distinct isolates within the same host and between four mother-child pairs. CONCLUSIONS Integrons are important determinants of resistance in faecal E. coli. Plasmids in integron-containing strains may contribute to dispersing resistance genes. There is a need for improved surveillance for resistance and its mechanisms of dissemination and persistence and mobility of resistance genes in the community and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde W. Odetoyin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Amy S. Labar
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Adebayo Lamikanra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Aaron O. Aboderin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Iruka N. Okeke
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Chen CM, Lai CH, Wu HJ, Wu LT. Genetic characteristic of class 1 integrons in proteus mirabilis isolates from urine samples. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:9. [PMID: 28612707 PMCID: PMC5479437 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen, commonly associated with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs caused by multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis have increased worldwide. Multidrug-resistance of Gram-negative enteric bacteria is usually associated with class 1 integrons. Purposes: To investigate the prevalence and characterize gene cassettes of class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis Methods: From 2006 to 2008, 314 P. mirabilis isolates from urine were collected from a regional teaching hospital. Antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion methods. The phenotypic confirmatory test of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was performed as described in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. The genetic organization of the class 1 integron cassettes was investigated by PCR, cloning, and sequencing of the regions surrounding these genes. Results: Seventy-nine (25%, 79/314) P. mirabilis isolates were ESBL-producing and most ESBL-producing P. mirabilis were positive for blaCTX-M. Class 1 integrons were presented in 76 isolates (24.2%, 76/314), and were more frequently found in ESBL-positive (55/79, 70%) than ESBL-negative (21/235, 8.9%) P. mirabilis isolates. The most prevalence of the cassettes encoded resistance genes were aminoglycoside (aac(6’)-Ib, aacA7, aadAl, aadA2, and aadAla), trimethoprim (dfrAl and dfrA12) and chloramphenicol (catB3 and cmlA6). The most prevalent cassette of dfr12-orfF-aadA2 was found in 49 isolates. The cassette array aadB-catB3-oxa10-aadA1 was first found in P. mirabilis. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR fingerprinting patterns were detected in these 76 integron positive P. mirabilis isolates and belonged to 8 profiles. Conclusion: This study investigated the prevalence and characterized gene cassettes of class 1 integrons in MDR P. mirabilis isolates from urine samples. The frequency of gene cassettes in P. mirabilis were partially by clonal spread of the carriers and the results could provide information for effective antimicrobial therapy and infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan - Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan - Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Medical Research and Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Hwa-Jene Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 412, Taiwan
| | - Lii-Tzu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Paraoan CEM, Rivera WL, Vital PG. Detection of Class I and II integrons for the assessment of antibiotic and multidrug resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan, Philippines. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:306-313. [PMID: 28277085 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1281647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated irrigation water may greatly affect not only the quality of produce but also the people exposed to it. In this study, agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan, Philippines were assessed and found to be contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) ranging from 0.58 to 4.51 log10 CFU/mL. A total of 79 isolates of E. coli were confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying the uidA gene and were tested for phenotypic resistance using 10 antimicrobials through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Forty-six isolates (58.22%) were noted to be multidrug resistant (MDR) with high resistance rate to cephalothin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. Moreover, this study also examined the prevalence of Class I and II integrons accounting to 67.39% and 17.39%, respectively, of the MDR E. coli strains using multiplex PCR. The results imply that the agricultural water used in Bulacan is contaminated with the fecal material of man or other animals present in the area, and the presence of MDR bacteria, which pose a potential threat to individuals in these areas, is alarming. In addition, detection of integrons could be a good marker for the identification of MDR isolates. Lastly, this study could develop strategies for the proper management of farming sites leading to the detection of food-borne pathogens and prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo Emar M Paraoan
- a Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- a Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
- b Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
| | - Pierangeli G Vital
- a Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
- b Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
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Abbassi MS. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Poultry, Bovine and Ovine in Tunisia: A Real Animal and Human Health Threat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17352/jcmbt.000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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CHUNG YS, PARK YK, PARK YH, PARK KT. Probable secondary transmission of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli between people living with and without pets. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:486-491. [PMID: 28190823 PMCID: PMC5383166 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Companion animals are considered as one of the reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria that can be cross-transmitted to humans. However, limited information is available on the possibility of AR bacteria originating from companion animals being transmitted secondarily from owners to non-owners sharing the same space. To address this issue, the present study investigated clonal relatedness among AR E. coli isolated from dog owners and non-owners in the same college classroom or household. Anal samples (n=48) were obtained from 14 owners and 34 non-owners; 31 E. coli isolates were collected (nine from owners and 22 from non-owners). Of 31 E. coli, 20 isolates (64.5%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 16 isolates (51.6%) were determined as multi-drug resistant E. coli. Six isolates (19.4%) harbored integrase genes (five harbored class I integrase gene and one harbored class 2 integrase gene, respectively). Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis identified three different E. coli clonal sets among isolates, indicating that cross-transmission of AR E. coli can easily occur between owners and non-owners. The findings emphasize a potential risk of spread of AR bacteria originating from pets within human communities, once they are transferred to humans. Further studies are needed to evaluate the exact risk and identify the risk factors of secondarily transmission by investigating larger numbers of isolates from pets, their owners and non-owners in a community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Soo CHUNG
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research
Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyung PARK
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research
Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho PARK
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research
Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Taek PARK
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research
Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Yamamoto S, Asakura H, Igimi S. Recent Trends for the Prevalence and Transmission Risk of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) Producing Bacteria in Foods. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2017; 58:1-11. [PMID: 28260727 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.58.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Seifi S, Khoshbakht R. Prevalence of tetracycline resistance determinants in broiler isolatedEscherichia coliin Iran. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:729-733. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1232478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Seifi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - R. Khoshbakht
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Kheiri R, Akhtari L. Antimicrobial resistance and integron gene cassette arrays in commensal Escherichia coli from human and animal sources in IRI. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:40. [PMID: 27582900 PMCID: PMC5006490 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human and animal intestinal tract harbors a complex community of microbes which enables bacteria to inherit antibiotic resistance genes. The aims of this study were to investigate clonality, antimicrobial resistance, prevalence and gene cassette arrays of class I and II integrons among commensal Escherichia coli from human and animals. Methods A total of 200 E. coli isolates from human, chicken, cattle, and sheep were isolated followed by phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing and detection of class I and II integrons gene cassettes arrays. The clonal relationship of the isolates were analyzed by (GTG)5-PCR. Results Of 200 isolates, 136 isolates were multi drug resistance (MDR) including 47, 40, 31 and 18 isolates from chicken, human, cattle and sheep, respectively. Class I integron was detected in 50, 38, 6 and 16 %, while class II was detected in 26, 8, 0 and 4 % of chicken, human, cattle and sheep isolates, respectively. Variable regions were amplified and sequenced. Cassette arrays in class I integrons were: dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, aadA1, dfrA17 aadA1, aadA22, aadB–aadA2 and dfrA12–orfF–aadA2, and for class II, dfrA1-sat-aadA1, and sat-sat1-aadA1 were detected. Six class I and three class II positive strains did not produce any amplicons for variable region. Integron-positive isolates showed higher rate of resistance to streptomycin and trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole, especially in chicken isolates which were fed antibiotics. Low similarity and great genetic diversity of class I and II integrons carrying isolates indicated no clonal relation. Conclusions Integrons encoding for antibiotic resistance are significantly present among non-pathogenic commensal E. coli, especially from the hosts medicated by antibiotics. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics will increase the numbers of multiple drug resistant isolates and integrons prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Kheiri
- Molecular Microbiology, Quality Control Office, Alborz Province Water and Wastewater Company, Karaj, Alborz Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leili Akhtari
- Water Treatment Plant, Tehran Water and Wastewater Supply and Treatment Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Wu Y, Cui E, Zuo Y, Cheng W, Rensing C, Chen H. Influence of two-phase anaerobic digestion on fate of selected antibiotic resistance genes and class I integrons in municipal wastewater sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:414-421. [PMID: 27035472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The response of representative antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to lab-scale two-phase (acidogenic/methanogenic phase) anaerobic digestion processes under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions was explored. The associated microbial communities and bacterial pathogens were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A two-phase thermophilic digestion reduced the presence of tetA, tetG, tetX, sul1, ermB, dfrA1, dfrA12 and intI1 exhibiting 0.1-0.72 log unit removal; in contrast, tetO, tetW, sul3, ermF and blaTEM even increased relative to the feed, and sul2 showed no significant decrease. The acidogenic phase of thermophilic digestion was primarily responsible for reducing the quantity of these genes, while the subsequent methanogenic phase caused a rebound in their quantity. In contrast, a two-phase mesophilic digestion process did not result in reducing the quantity of all ARGs and intI1 except for ermB and blaTEM. ARGs patterns were correlated with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria during the two-phase anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Erping Cui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Zuo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiao Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Sung JY, Kwon TY. CTX-M-14 Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Chickens at Gyeongsang Provinces. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2016.48.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Youn Sung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Far East University, Eumseong 27601, Korea
| | - Taek Young Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Far East University, Eumseong 27601, Korea
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48
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Microbiological Quality Assessment by PCR and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility in Mangrove Crabs (Ucides cordatus) from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Int J Microbiol 2016; 2016:7825031. [PMID: 27065187 PMCID: PMC4811098 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7825031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriological quality of crabs from three different mangroves (Itaóca, Suruí, and Piedade) from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, was investigated using conventional and molecular methods. The results revealed high counts for total coliforms in meat and hepatopancreas samples. PCR analyses identified 25 Escherichia coli colonies in the Itaóca, Piedade, and Suruí samples, detecting 13 enterotoxigenic colonies and 9 enteroaggregative colonies. Respectively, 12, 11, and 21 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were detected in the Itaóca, Piedade, and Suruí samples. Two V. cholerae strains were detected in the Piedade samples. The E. coli strains isolated in the present study showed resistance to gentamicin. E. coli strains from the Piedade samples showed 33% resistance to chloramphenicol and the strains also showed multiresistance to several antimicrobial agents with a MAR index ranging from 0.12 to 0.31. Vibrio strains from Piedade, Itaóca, and Suruí showed 86%, 78%, and 85% resistance, respectively, to ampicillin. The isolated Vibrio strains showed multiresistance to several antimicrobial agents, with a MAR index ranging from 0.12 to 0.25. The presence of these organisms in crab meat is an indication of microbial contamination, which may pose health risks to consumers when improperly cooked.
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Gioia-Di Chiacchio RM, Cunha MPV, Sturn RM, Moreno LZ, Moreno AM, Pereira CBP, Martins FH, Franzolin MR, Piazza RMF, Knöbl T. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): Zoonotic risks associated with psittacine pet birds in home environments. Vet Microbiol 2016; 184:27-30. [PMID: 26854341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Psittacidae are frequently bred as pets worldwide, but little is known about the zoonotic risks of these animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in the feces of psittacine birds housed as pets. A total of 171 fecal samples (67 cockatiels, 59 budgerigars, and 45 agapornis) were cultured. Forty-two (E. coli) strains were identified, and the presence of the eae, stx1, and stx2 genes was determined using PCR. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the STEC strains were determined using the disk diffusion method and phylogenetic analysis according to the new Clermont phylotyping method. Using these methods, 19.4% (8/42) of the STEC strains were determined to be positive for the eae and stx2 genes. The results revealed a STEC frequency of 4.6% in the birds (8/171), with a percentage of 8.47% in budgerigars (5/59), 4.47% in cockatiels (3/67), and 0% in agapornis (0/45). None of the STEC isolates belonged to the O157 serogroup. Most of the strains were classified as sensitive to the 18 antibiotics tested. None of the strains exhibited a multiresistance profile. In the phylogenetic analysis, two strains were classified as non-typeable, three were classified as B2, two were classified as F, and one was classified as Clade I. Seven of the eight STEC strains showed a clonal profile using AFLP. E. coli strains that are stx2(+) plus eae(+) are usually associated with severe human diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The STEC-positive results indicate the zoonotic risk of breeding psittacidae in home environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gioia-Di Chiacchio
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - M P V Cunha
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M Sturn
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Z Moreno
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A M Moreno
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C B P Pereira
- Instituto Butantan, Bacteriology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F H Martins
- Instituto Butantan, Bacteriology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Franzolin
- Instituto Butantan, Bacteriology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M F Piazza
- Instituto Butantan, Bacteriology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Knöbl
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Grall N, Barraud O, Wieder I, Hua A, Perrier M, Babosan A, Gaschet M, Clermont O, Denamur E, Catzeflis F, Decré D, Ploy MC, Andremont A. Lack of dissemination of acquired resistance to β-lactams in small wild mammals around an isolated village in the Amazonian forest. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:698-708. [PMID: 25858231 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the spread of resistance to β-lactams and of integrons in small rodents and marsupials living at various distances from a point of antibiotic's use. Rectal swabs from 114 animals were collected in Trois-Sauts, an isolated village in French Guiana, and along a 3 km transect heading through the non-anthropized primary forest. Prevalence of ticarcillin-resistant enterobacteria was 36% (41/114). Klebsiella spp., naturally resistant to ticarcillin, were found in 31.1% (23/73) of animals from the village and in an equal ratio of 31.7% (13/41) of animals trapped along the transect. By contrast Escherichia coli with acquired resistance to ticarcillin were found in 13.7% (10/73) of animals from the village and in only 2.4% (1/41) of those from the transect (600 m from the village). There was a huge diversity of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with very unique and infrequent sequence types. The overall prevalence of class 1 integrons carriage was 19.3% (22/114) homogenously distributed between animals from the village and the transect, which suggests a co-selection by a non-antibiotic environmental factor. Our results indicate that the anthropogenic acquired antibiotic resistance did not disseminate in the wild far from the point of selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Grall
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Barraud
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
- INSERM, U1092, Limoges, France
- Univ Limoges, UMR-S1092, Limoges, France
| | - Ingrid Wieder
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Anna Hua
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Marion Perrier
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Ana Babosan
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Gaschet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Clermont
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - François Catzeflis
- CNRS UMR-5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Univ Montpellier-2, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Decré
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, team E13 (Bacteriology), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Team E13, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Ploy
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
- INSERM, U1092, Limoges, France
- Univ Limoges, UMR-S1092, Limoges, France
| | - Antoine Andremont
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
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