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Mohamed DS, Abd El-Baky RM, El-Mokhtar MA, Ghanem SK, Yahia R, Alqahtani AM, Abourehab MAS, Ahmed EF. Influence of selected non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals on antibiotic resistance gene transfer in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304980. [PMID: 38905247 PMCID: PMC11192386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) transfer rapidly among bacterial species all over the world contributing to the aggravation of antibiotic resistance crisis. Antibiotics at sub-inhibitory concentration induce horizontal gene transfer (HRT) between bacteria, especially through conjugation. The role of common non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals in the market in disseminating antibiotic resistance is not well studied. OBJECTIVES In this work, we indicated the effect of some commonly used non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals including antiemetic (metoclopramide HCl) and antispasmodics (hyoscine butyl bromide and tiemonium methyl sulfate) on the plasmid-mediated conjugal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between pathogenic E. coli in the gastric intestinal tract (GIT). METHODS Broth microdilution assay was used to test the antibacterial activity of the tested non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals. A conjugation mating system was applied in presence of the studied non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals to test their effect on conjugal transfer frequency. Plasmid extraction and PCR were performed to confirm the conjugation process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for imaging the effect of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals on bacterial cells. RESULTS No antibacterial activity was reported for the used non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals. Plasmid-mediated conjugal transfer between isolates was induced by metoclopramide HCl but suppressed by hyoscine butyl bromide. Tiemonium methylsulfate slightly promoted conjugal transfer. Aggregation between cells and periplasmic bridges was clear in the case of metoclopramide HCl while in presence of hyoscine butyl bromide little affinity was observed. CONCLUSION This study indicates the contribution of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals to the dissemination and evolution of antibiotic resistance at the community level. Metoclopramide HCl showed an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Safwat Mohamed
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag Al Gadida City, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed El-Mokhtar
- Medical Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, El Fateh, Egypt
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar K. Ghanem
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag Al Gadida City, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Yahia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. Alqahtani
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eman Farouk Ahmed
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag Al Gadida City, Egypt
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Wellner SM, Alobaidallah MSA, Fei X, Herrero-Fresno A, Olsen JE. Genome-wide identification of fitness-genes in aminoglycoside-resistant Escherichia coli during antibiotic stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4163. [PMID: 38378700 PMCID: PMC10879529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance against aminoglycosides is widespread in bacteria. This study aimed to identify genes that are important for growth of E. coli during aminoglycoside exposure, since such genes may be targeted to re-sensitize resistant E. coli to treatment. We constructed three transposon mutant libraries each containing > 230.000 mutants in E. coli MG1655 strains harboring streptomycin (aph(3″)-Ib/aph(6)-Id), gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), or neomycin (aph(3″)-Ia) resistance gene(s). Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS), a combination of transposon mutagenesis and high-throughput sequencing, identified 56 genes which were deemed important for growth during streptomycin, 39 during gentamicin and 32 during neomycin exposure. Most of these fitness-genes were membrane-located (n = 55) and involved in either cell division, ATP-synthesis or stress response in the streptomycin and gentamicin exposed libraries, and enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis or magnesium sensing/transport in the neomycin exposed library. For validation, eight selected fitness-genes/gene-clusters were deleted (minCDE, hflCK, clsA and cpxR associated with streptomycin and gentamicin resistance, and phoPQ, wecA, lpp and pal associated with neomycin resistance), and all mutants were shown to be growth attenuated upon exposure to the corresponding antibiotics. In summary, we identified genes that are advantageous in aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli during antibiotic stress. In addition, we increased the understanding of how aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli respond to antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Marina Wellner
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mosaed Saleh A Alobaidallah
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, 21423, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 22384, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Fei
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Petrin S, Orsini M, Massaro A, Olsen JE, Barco L, Losasso C. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance correlation and plasmid characterization in Salmonella spp. isolates from Italy reveal high heterogeneity among serovars. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1221351. [PMID: 37744490 PMCID: PMC10513437 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1221351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The spread of antimicrobial resistance among zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella is a serious health threat, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antimicrobial resistance genes favor this phenomenon. In this work, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was studied, and the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and plasmid replicons associated with the resistances were determined. Methods Eighty-eight Italian Salmonella enterica strains (n = 88), from human, animal and food sources, isolated between 2009 and 2019, were selected to represent serovars with different frequency of isolation in human cases of salmonellosis. The presence of plasmid replicons was also investigated. Results and discussion Resistances to sulphonamides (23.9%), ciprofloxacin (27.3%), ampicillin (29.5%), and tetracycline (32.9%) were the most found phenotypes. ARGs identified in the genomes correlated with the phenotypical results, with blaTEM-1B, sul1, sul2, tetA and tetB genes being frequently identified. Point mutations in gyrA and parC genes were also detected, in addition to many different aminoglycoside-modifying genes, which, however, did not cause phenotypic resistance to aminoglycosides. Many genomes presented plasmid replicons, however, only a limited number of ARGs were predicted to be located on the contigs carrying these replicons. As an expectation of this, multiple ARGs were identified on contigs with IncQ1 plasmid replicon in strains belonging to the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium. In general, high variability in ARGs and plasmid replicons content was observed among isolates, highlighting a high level of heterogeneity in Salmonella enterica. Irrespective of the serovar., many of the ARGs, especially those associated with critically and highly important antimicrobials for human medicine were located together with plasmid replicons, thus favoring their successful dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrin
- Microbial Ecology and Microrganisms Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, Legnaro, Italy
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Orsini
- Microbial Ecology and Microrganisms Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Massaro
- Applied Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - John E. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lisa Barco
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Microbial Ecology and Microrganisms Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, Legnaro, Italy
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Awosile B, Fritzler J, Levent G, Rahman MK, Ajulo S, Daniel I, Tasnim Y, Sarkar S. Genomic Characterization of Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Beta-Lactam Antimicrobials from Wild Hogs and Coyotes. Pathogens 2023; 12:929. [PMID: 37513776 PMCID: PMC10383658 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mobile genetic elements of 16 Escherichia coli isolates-with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime and imipenem-that were recovered from the fecal samples of coyotes and wild hogs from West Texas, USA. Whole-genome sequencing data analyses revealed distinct isolates with a unique sequence type and serotype designation. Among 16 isolates, 4 isolates were multidrug resistant, and 5 isolates harbored at least 1 beta-lactamase gene (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-55, or blaCTX-M-27) that confers resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials. Several isolates carried genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines (tet(A), tet(B), and tet(C)), aminoglycosides (aac(3)-IId, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3″)-lb, aadA5, and aph(6)-ld), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2, and sul3), amphenicol (floR), trimethoprim (dfrA1 and dfrA17), and macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLSB) agents (Inu(F), erm(B), and mph(A)). Nine isolates showed chromosomal mutations in the promoter region G of ampC beta-lactamase gene, while three isolates showed mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE quinolone resistance-determining regions, which confer resistance to quinolones. We also detected seven incompatibility plasmid groups, with incF being the most common. Different types of virulence genes were detected, including those that enhance bacterial fitness and pathogenicity. One blaCMY-2 positive isolate (O8:H28) from a wild hog was also a Shiga toxin-producing E. coli and was a carrier of the stx2A virulence toxin subtype. We report the detection of blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCTX-M-27 beta-lactamase genes in E. coli from coyotes for the first time. This study demonstrates the importance of wildlife as reservoirs of important multi-drug-resistant bacteria and provides information for future comparative genomic analysis with the limited literature on antimicrobial resistance dynamics in wildlife such as coyotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babafela Awosile
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Jason Fritzler
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Gizem Levent
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Md Kaisar Rahman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Samuel Ajulo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ian Daniel
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yamima Tasnim
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Wangkheimayum J, Phonglo P, Singha KM, Chanda DD, Bhattacharjee A. Escherichia coli harbouring strAB with reduced susceptibility towards gentamicin and amikacin: a single centre study from India. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000446. [PMID: 36415738 PMCID: PMC9675172 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the presence of streptomycin resistance gene strAB within clinical isolates of Escherichia coli where streptomycin is not used to treat Gram-negative infections. In total, 135 E. coli isolates were obtained for the study. PCR based detection of strAB was performed in the study isolates followed by assessment of horizontal transferability. Cloning of strAB was done in laboratory strain E. coli DH5α. Pre-cloning and post-cloning susceptibility of the strain was done for assessment of acquired resistance. Among tested isolates, 89 were found to harbour strAB and it was encoded within a IncI1 type plasmid. Cloning experiments revealed the strAB gene showed unusual non-susceptibility towards amikacin and gentamicin. The study highlighted that strAB, which has a role in streptomycin resistance, may also have a role in reduced susceptibility towards gentamicin and amikacin within a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prynali Phonglo
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - K. Melson Singha
- Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India
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Cabal A, Rab G, Daza-Prieto B, Stöger A, Peischl N, Chakeri A, Mo SS, Bock H, Fuchs K, Sucher J, Rathammer K, Hasenberger P, Stadtbauer S, Caniça M, Strauß P, Allerberger F, Wögerbauer M, Ruppitsch W. Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinically Relevant Bacteria Isolated at the Human/Animal/Environment Interface Using Whole-Genome Sequencing in Austria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911276. [PMID: 36232576 PMCID: PMC9570485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health issue attributed to the misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. Since AMR surveillance requires a One Health approach, we sampled nine interconnected compartments at a hydrological open-air lab (HOAL) in Austria to obtain six bacterial species included in the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Whole genome sequencing-based typing included core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Genetic and phenotypic characterization of AMR was performed for all isolates. Eighty-nine clinically-relevant bacteria were obtained from eight compartments including 49 E. coli, 27 E. faecalis, 7 K. pneumoniae and 6 E. faecium. Clusters of isolates from the same species obtained in different sample collection dates were detected. Of the isolates, 29.2% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. E. coli and E. faecalis isolates from different compartments had acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) associated with veterinary drugs such as aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, some of which were carried in conjugative and mobilizable plasmids. Three multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates were found in samples from field drainage and wastewater. Early detection of ARGs and ARB in natural and farm-related environments can identify hotspots of AMR and help prevent its emergence and dissemination along the food/feed chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cabal
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerhard Rab
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technical University of Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management, 3252 Petzenkirchen, Austria
| | - Beatriz Daza-Prieto
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Stöger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Peischl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Chakeri
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Solveig Sølverød Mo
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Harald Bock
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Fuchs
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Sucher
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Krista Rathammer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Silke Stadtbauer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1600-609 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Strauß
- Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management, 3252 Petzenkirchen, Austria
| | | | | | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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Das M, Zandraa O, Mudenur C, Saha N, Sáha P, Mandal B, Katiyar V. Composite Scaffolds Based on Bacterial Cellulose for Wound Dressing Application. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3722-3733. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munmi Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Oyunchimeg Zandraa
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tř. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Chethana Mudenur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Nabanita Saha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tř. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sáha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tř. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Bishnupada Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Baloyi T, Duvenage S, Du Plessis E, Villamizar-Rodríguez G, Korsten L. Multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from fresh produce sold by street vendors in South African informal settlements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1513-1528. [PMID: 33706630 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1896681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli on informally sold fresh produce in South Africa, who harbour and express antimicrobial resistance genes and therefore pose indirect risks to public health. The majority (85.71%) of E. coli isolates from spinach, apples, carrots, cabbage and tomatoes, were multidrug resistant (MDR). Resistance to Aminoglycoside (94.81%), Cephalosporin (93.51%), Penicillin (93.51%) and Chloramphenicol (87.01%) antibiotic classes were most prevalent. Antibiotic resistance genes detected included blaTEM (89.29%), tetA (82.14%), tetB (53.57%), tetL (46.43%), sulI (41.07%), sulII (51.79%), aadA1a (58.93%) and strAB (51.79%). A single isolate was found to harbour eae virulence factor. Moreover, E. coli isolates were grouped into the intra-intestinal infectious phylogenetic group E (28.57%), the rare group C (26.79%), the generalist group B1 (21.43%) and the human commensal group A (16.07%). Presence of MDR E. coli represents a transmission route and significant human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tintswalo Baloyi
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stacey Duvenage
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Erika Du Plessis
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Germán Villamizar-Rodríguez
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Antibiotics Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Livestock in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2014–2019. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:3411560. [PMID: 35519508 PMCID: PMC9064518 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3411560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a zoonotic pathogen that showed growing resistance to antibiotics. No descriptive analysis highlights the threat of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) of E. coli among livestock in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Herein, we conducted phenotypic and genotypic resistance studies on E. coli isolates from livestock samples in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi based on routine diagnosis between the periods 2014–2019. Bacterial culture and disk diffusion methods were used for bacterial isolation and phenotypic resistance analysis. Resistance mechanism was studied by PCR targeting the most commonly resistance genes: ampicillin (blaSHV, blaCMY, and blaTEM-1B), tetracyclines (tetA and tetB), co-trimoxazole [sulfamethoxazole (sul1, sul2, and sul3) + trimethoprim (dfrA1 and dfrA17)], aminoglycosides [aph(3'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, and aac(3)-IV], and fluoroquinolones (qnrA and aac(6’)-Ib-cr). Analysis of 165 E. coli isolates showed resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, and enrofloxacin by 157/165 (95.4%), 154/165 (93.6%), 141/165 (86%), 139/165 (85%), and 135/165 (82.7%), respectively. Predominant resistance gene/s detected by PCR were blaCMY (119/160, 72%) and blaTEM-1B (154/160, 96.3%) for ampicillin; tetA (162/164, 98.8%) and tetB (112/164, 68.3%) for tetracyclines; sul2 (156/164, 95%), sul3 (138/164, 84%), and dfra17 (74/164, 44.5%) for co-trimoxazole; aph(3'')-Ia (134/164, 82.1%) and aph(6)-Id (161/164, 98.2%) for aminoglycosides; and aac(6’)-Ib-cr (61/61, 100%) for enrofloxacin. Both phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed that all E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (resistance to 3, 4, and 5 antibiotics classes by 3.6%, 57.6%, and 38.8%, respectively) carrying one or more resistance gene/s for the same antibiotic. PCR profiling confirmed the presence of resistance genes corresponding to their antibiotic profile. Results of the study will highlight the knowledge based on E. coli AMR related to livestock in UAE that may call for interventions.
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Singh NS, Singhal N, Kumar M, Virdi JS. Public health implications of plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Escherichia coli inhabiting a major anthropogenic river of India. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:1-21. [PMID: 35343419 PMCID: PMC9044524 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882200053x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli inhabiting anthropogenic rivers is an important public health concern because plasmid-mediated AMR genes can easily spread to other pathogens by horizontal gene transfer. Besides β -lactams, quinolones and aminoglycosides are the major antibiotics against E. coli. In the present study, we have investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and aminoglycoside resistance genes in E. coli isolated from a major river of northern India. Our results revealed that majority of the strains were phenotypically susceptible for fluoroquinolones and some aminoglycosides like amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin and gentamicin. However, 16.39% of the strains were resistant for streptomycin, 8.19% for kanamycin and 3.30% for gentamicin. Of the various PMQR genes investigated, only qnrS1 was present in 24.59% of the strains along with ISEcl2 . Aminoglycoside-resistance genes like strA-strB were found to be present in 16.39%, aphA1 in 8.19% and aacC 2 in only 3.30% of the strains. Though, no co-relation was observed between phenotypic resistance for fluorquinolones and presence of PMQR genes, phenotypic resistance for streptomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin exactly co-related with the presence of the genes strA-strB , aphA1 and aacC2 , respectively. Moreover, all the AMR genes discerned in aquatic E. coli were found to be situated on conjugative plasmids and, thus easily transferrable. Our study accentuates the importance of routine surveillance of urban rivers to curtail the spread of AMR genes in aquatic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nambram Somendro Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelja Singhal
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Ghosh D, Chowdhury G, Samanta P, Shaw S, Deb AK, Bardhan M, Manna A, Miyoshi SI, Ramamurthy T, Dutta S, Mukhopadhyay AK. Characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with special reference to antimicrobial resistance isolated from hospitalised diarrheal patients in Kolkata (2012-2019), India. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4544-4554. [PMID: 35338762 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study analyzes the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of major diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes detected in hospitalized diarrheal patients in Kolkata, India, during 2012-2019. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 8,891 stool samples were collected from the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata and screened for the presence of enteric pathogens. Multiplex-PCR identified the presence of DEC in 7.8% of the samples, in which ETEC was most common (47.7%) followed by EAEC (38.4%) and EPEC (13.9%). About 54% cases were due to sole DEC infections. Majority of the mixed DEC infections was caused by the Vibrio spp. (19.1%) followed by Rotavirus (14.1%) and Campylobacter spp. (8.4%). ETEC and EAEC were associated significantly with diarrhea in children <5 years of age, whereas EPEC and also ETEC were prevalent in patients aged between 5 and 14 years. AMR profile showed high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among DEC (56.9%) in which 9% were resistant to antibiotics of six different antimicrobial classes. Screening of the AMR conferring genes of DEC showed the presence of blaCTX-M3 (30.2%) in highest number followed by blaTEM (27.5%), tetB (18%), sul2 (12.6%), strA (11.8%), aadA1 (9.8%), blaOXA-1 (9%), dfrA1 (1.6%) and blaSHV (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlighted the high prevalence of MDR in major DEC pathotypes that could be considered as the leading etiologic bacterial agent responsible for diarrhea and suggests a significant public health threat. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of this study can help to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of DEC infections in patients with diarrhea. Monitoring of AMR surveillance needs special attention because the DEC isolates were highly resistant to commonly used antimicrobials in the treatment of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Ghosh
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Prosenjit Samanta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Sreeja Shaw
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Alok Kumar Deb
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Asis Manna
- Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital (ID & BG) Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at ICMR-NICED, Kolkata.,Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
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12
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Association of Antibiotic Resistance Traits in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Isolates. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:4251486. [PMID: 35340918 PMCID: PMC8942690 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4251486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem which is constantly evolving and varies spatially and temporally. Resistance to a particular antibiotic may serve as a selection and coselection marker for the same or different antibiotic classes. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to predict the association of phenotypic and genotypic resistance traits in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Method A total of 42 UPEC from 83 urine samples were investigated for the prevalence and association of phenotypic and genotypic AMR traits. Antibiogram profiling was carried out by Kirby–Bauer's disc diffusion method and AMR genes (ARGs) were detected by PCR. Result UPECs were isolated from 50.60% (42/83) of the samples examined. Of these, 80.95% of cases were derived from females, and 38.10% of cases were found in the age group of 21–30 years. The isolates were shown to have a high frequency of resistance to tetracycline (92.86%), followed by sulfonamide (71.43%), ampicillin (52.38%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (47.62%), and 28.57% each to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in these isolates were tet(A) (78.57%), tet(B) (76.19%), sul1 (61.91%), dfrA1 (35.71%), blaSHV (26.19%), cmlA (19.05%), and CITM, qnrA, and catA1 each at 11.91%. According to statistical analysis, ampicillin, sulfonamide, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin resistance were strongly correlated with the presence of blaSHV, sul1, dfrA1, and qnrA, respectively. Nonsignificant associations were observed between ciprofloxacin-tetracycline, sulfonamide-erythromycin pairs as well as between tet(A) and tet(B) genes. Besides, coselection was also assumed in the case of chloramphenicol resistance genes, namely, catA1 and cmlA. Conclusion Both the phenotypic and genetic resistance traits were found in the UPEC isolates. Statistical association and coselection phenomena among AMR phenotypes and genotypes were also observed but required to be validated in a broad-scale study. However, these findings might have important implications for the development of an AMR prediction model to tackle future AMR outbreaks.
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Establishment of Epidemiological Cut-Off Values and the Distribution of Resistance Genes in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii Isolated from Aquatic Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030343. [PMID: 35326806 PMCID: PMC8944483 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is an enormous challenge to public health. Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii are opportunistic pathogens in fish. They exert tremendous adverse effects on aquaculture production, owing to their acquired antibiotic resistance. A few Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs) against Aeromonas spp. are available. We evaluated antimicrobial susceptibility by establishing 8 ECVs using two analytical methods, normalized resistance interpretation and ECOFFinder. We detected antimicrobial resistance genes in two motile Aeromonas spp. isolated from aquatic animals. Results showed that 89.2% of A. hydrophila and 75.8% of A. veronii isolates were non-wild types according to the oxytetracycline ECVCLSI and ECVNRI, respectively. The antimicrobial resistance genes included tetA, tetB, tetD, tetE, cat, floR, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, strA-strB, and aac(6′)-1b. The most common tet gene in Aeromonas spp. isolates was tetE, followed by tetA. Some strains carried more than one tet gene, with tetA–tetD and tetA–tetE found in A. hydrophila; however, tetB was not detected in any of the strains. Furthermore, 18.6% of A. hydrophila and 24.2% of A. veronii isolates showed presumptive multidrug-resistant phenotypes. The emergence of multidrug resistance among aquatic aeromonads suggests the spread of drug resistance and difficult to treat bacterial infections.
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14
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Stasiak M, Maćkiw E, Kowalska J, Kucharek K, Postupolski J. Silent Genes: Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Production. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 70:421-429. [PMID: 35003274 PMCID: PMC8702603 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent genes are DNA sequences that are generally not expressed or expressed at a very low level. These genes become active as a result of mutation, recombination, or insertion. Silent genes can also be activated in laboratory conditions using pleiotropic, targeted genome-wide, or biosynthetic gene cluster approaches. Like every other gene, silent genes can spread through horizontal gene transfer. Most studies have focused on strains with phenotypic resistance, which is the most common subject. However, to fully understand the mechanism behind the spreading of antibiotic resistance, it is reasonable to study the whole resistome, including silent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stasiak
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Maćkiw
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharek
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Postupolski
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Sacher-Pirklbauer A, Klein-Jöbstl D, Sofka D, Blanc-Potard AB, Hilbert F. Phylogenetic Groups and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Different Meat Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121543. [PMID: 34943755 PMCID: PMC8698590 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli isolated from meat of different animal species may harbour antimicrobial resistance genes and may thus be a threat to human health. The objectives of this study were to define antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from pork, beef, chicken- and turkey meat and analyse whether their resistance genotypes associated with phylogenetic groups or meat species. A total number of 313 E. coli samples were isolated using standard cultural techniques. In 98% of resistant isolates, a dedicated resistance gene could be identified by PCR. Resistance genes detected were tet(A) and tet(B) for tetracycline resistance, strA and aadA1 for streptomycin resistance, sulI and sulII for resistance against sulphonamides, dfr and aphA for kanamycin resistance and blaTEM for ampicillin resistance. One stx1 harbouring E. coli isolated from pork harboured the tet(A) gene and belonged to phylogenetic group B2, whilst another stx1 positive isolate from beef was multi-resistant and tested positive for blaTEM,aphA, strA–B, sulII, and tet(A) and belonged to phylogenetic group A. In conclusion, the distribution of resistance elements was almost identical and statistically indifferent in isolates of different meat species. Phylogenetic groups did not associate with the distribution of resistance genes and a rather low number of diverse resistance genes were detected. Most E. coli populations with different resistance genes against one drug often revealed statistically significant different MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Sacher-Pirklbauer
- Institute of Food Safety, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.-P.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Klein-Jöbstl
- Section of Herd Management, Clinic for Ruminats, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dmitrij Sofka
- Institute of Food Safety, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.-P.); (D.S.)
| | - Anne-Béatrice Blanc-Potard
- Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions (LPHI), Université Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France;
- CNRS, UMR 5235, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Friederike Hilbert
- Institute of Food Safety, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.-P.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-125-0773-316
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16
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Gupta CL, Avidov R, Kattusamy K, Saadi I, Varma VS, Blum SE, Zhu YG, Zhou XY, Su JQ, Laor Y, Cytryn E. Spatial and temporal dynamics of microbiomes and resistomes in broiler litter stockpiles. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6201-6211. [PMID: 34900133 PMCID: PMC8637134 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Farmers apply broiler chicken litter to soils to enrich organic matter and provide crops with nutrients, following varying periods of stockpiling. However, litter frequently harbors fecal-derived microbial pathogens and associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and may be a source of microbial contamination of produce. We coupled a cutting-edge Loop Genomics long-read 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing platform with high-throughput qPCR that targeted a suite of ARGs, to assess temporal (five time points over a 60-day period) and spatial (top, middle and bottom layers) microbiome and resistome dynamics in a broiler litter stockpile. We focused on potentially pathogenic species from the Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae and Staphylococcaceae families associated with food-borne disease. Bacterial diversity was significantly lower in the middle of the stockpile, where targeted pathogens were lowest and Bacillaceae were abundant. E. coli was the most abundant Enterobacteriaceae species, and high levels of the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecium were detected. Correlation analyses revealed that the latter was significantly associated with aminoglycoside (aac(6′)-Ib(aka aacA4), aadA5), tetracycline (tetG), vancomycin (vanC), phenicol (floR) and MLSB (mphB) resistance genes. Staphylococcaceae were primarily non-pathogenic, but extremely low levels of the opportunistic pathogen S. aureus were detected, as was the opportunistic pathogen S. saprophyticus, which was linked to vancomycin (vanSA, vanC1), MLSB (vatE, ermB) and tetracycline (tetK) resistance genes. Collectively, we found that stockpile microbiomes and resistomes are strongly dictated by temporal fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity. Insights from this study can be exploited to improve stockpile management practice to support sustainable antimicrobial resistance mitigation policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhedi Lal Gupta
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agriculture Research Organization, 7528809 Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Ran Avidov
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, 30095, Israel
| | - Karuppasamy Kattusamy
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agriculture Research Organization, 7528809 Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Saadi
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, 30095, Israel
| | - Vempalli Sudharsan Varma
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, 30095, Israel
| | - Shlomo E Blum
- Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yael Laor
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, 30095, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agriculture Research Organization, 7528809 Rishon Lezion, Israel
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17
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Sia CM, Baines SL, Valcanis M, Lee DYJ, Gonçalves da Silva A, Ballard SA, Easton M, Seemann T, Howden BP, Ingle DJ, Williamson DA. Genomic diversity of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella in Victoria, Australia. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000725. [PMID: 34907895 PMCID: PMC8767345 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is the second most common cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in Australia with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) increasing in recent years. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides opportunities for in silico detection of AMR determinants. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) establish the utility of WGS analyses for inferring phenotypic resistance in NTS, and (2) explore clinically relevant genotypic AMR profiles to third generation cephalosporins (3GC) in NTS lineages. The concordance of 2490 NTS isolates with matched WGS and phenotypic susceptibility data against 13 clinically relevant antimicrobials was explored. In silico serovar prediction and typing was performed on assembled reads and interrogated for known AMR determinants. The surrounding genomic context, plasmid determinants and co-occurring AMR patterns were further investigated for multidrug resistant serovars harbouring bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-55 or bla CTX-M-65. Our data demonstrated a high correlation between WGS and phenotypic susceptibility testing. Phenotypic-genotypic concordance was observed between 2440/2490 (98.0 %) isolates, with overall sensitivity and specificity rates >98 % and positive and negative predictive values >97 %. The most common AMR determinants were bla TEM-1, sul2 , tet (A), strA-strB and floR . Phenotypic resistance to cefotaxime and azithromycin was low and observed in 6.2 % (151/2486) and 0.9 % (16/1834) of the isolates, respectively. Several multi-drug resistant NTS lineages were resistant to 3GC due to different genetic mechanisms including bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-55 or bla CTX-M-65. This study shows WGS can enhance existing AMR surveillance in NTS datasets routinely produced in public health laboratories to identify emerging AMR in NTS. These approaches will be critical for developing capacity to detect emerging public health threats such as resistance to 3GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryll M. Sia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah L. Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Valcanis
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren Y. J. Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anders Gonçalves da Silva
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan A. Ballard
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Torsten Seemann
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle J. Ingle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Deborah A. Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Fauzi NNFNM, Hamdan RH, Mohamed M, Ismail A, Mat Zin AA, Mohamad NFA. Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia. Vet World 2021; 14:2064-2072. [PMID: 34566322 PMCID: PMC8448652 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2064-2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens has been increasingly reported, which has resulted in a decreasing ability to treat bacterial infections. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of Aeromonas spp., including its antibiotic resistance in various fish samples, Oreochromis spp., Clarias gariepinus, and Pangasius hypophthalmus, obtained from Kelantan and Terengganu, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: In this study, 221 fish samples, of which 108 (Oreochromis spp., n=38; C. gariepinus, n=35; and P. hypophthalmus, n=35) were from Kelantan and 113 (Oreochromis spp., n=38; C. gariepinus, n=35; and P. hypophthalmus, n=40) were from Terengganu, were caught using cast nets. Then, samples from their kidneys were cultured on a Rimler Shott agar to isolate Aeromonas spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm this isolation using specific gene primers for species identification. Subsequently, the isolates were tested for their sensitivity to 14 antibiotics using the Kirby–Bauer method, after which the PCR was conducted again to detect resistance genes: sul1, strA-strB, aadA, blaTEM, blaSHV, tetA-tetE, and tetM. Results: From the results, 61 isolates were identified as being from the genus Aeromonas using PCR, of which 28 were Aeromonas jandaei, 19 were Aeromonas veronii, seven were Aeromonas hydrophila, and seven were Aeromonas sobria. Moreover, 8, 12, and 8 of A. jandaei; 4, 3, and 12 of A. veronii; 6, 0, and 1 of A. hydrophila; and 3, 3, and 1 of A. sobria were obtained from Oreochromis spp., C. gariepinus, and P. hypophthalmus, respectively. In addition, the isolates showed the highest level of resistance to ampicillin (100%), followed by streptomycin (59.0%), each kanamycin and nalidixic acid (41.0%), neomycin (36.1%), tetracycline (19.7%), sulfamethoxazole (14.8%), and oxytetracycline (13.1%). Resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin both had the same percentage (9.8%), whereas isolates showed the lowest resistance to norfloxacin (8.2%) and doxycycline (1.6%). Notably, all Aeromonas isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Results also revealed that the multiple antibiotic resistances index of the isolates ranged from 0.07 to 0.64, suggesting that the farmed fish in these areas were introduced to the logged antibiotics indiscriminately and constantly during their cultivation stages. Results also revealed that the sul1 gene was detected in 19.7% of the Aeromonas isolates, whereas the tetracycline resistance genes, tetA and tetE, were detected in 27.9% and 4.9% of the isolates, respectively. However, β-lactam resistance genes, blaTEM and blaSHV, were found in 44.3% and 13.1% of Aeromonas isolates, respectively, whereas strA-strB and aadA genes were found in 3.3% and 13.1% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusion: This study, therefore, calls for continuous surveillance of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp. in cultured freshwater fish to aid disease management and better understand their implications to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ruhil Hayati Hamdan
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maizan Mohamed
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aziana Ismail
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ain Auzureen Mat Zin
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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19
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Hossain S, Heo GJ. Detection of Antimicrobial and Heavy-Metal Resistance Genes in Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Hard-Shelled Mussel ( Mytilus Coruscus). Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:127-135. [PMID: 34297616 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) is a popular seafood in South Korea because of its delicacy and high nutritional value. Our study aimed to identify antimicrobial and heavy-metal resistance determinants in Aeromonas isolates from marketed hard-shelled mussel in South Korea. A total of 33 Aeromonas species were isolated, and antimicrobial disk diffusion test was done to observe antimicrobial resistance patterns. In addition, broth microdilution test was performed to determine resistance to heavy-metals. PCR amplification was done to detect resistance genes. High resistance to amoxicillin (100.0%), ampicillin (93.9%), rifampicin (78.8%), and cephalothin (48.5%) was observed where least resistance to other antimicrobials was also detected. In addition, the isolates showed high resistance to cadmium (Cd) (57.6%), and 42.4% and 27.3% were resistant to chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu). The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes, such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, tetB, tetE, and intI1 genes, was observed in 9 (27.3%), 8 (24.2%), 8 (24.2%), 6 (18.2%), 5 (15.2%), and 9 (27.3%) isolates, respectively. Also, heavy-metal resistance genes, czcA, copA, and merA were detected in 17 (51.5%), 11 (33.3%), and 7 (21.2%) of the isolates, respectively. The results suggest that mussels are a reservoir of multidrug and heavy-metal-resistant Aeromonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hossain
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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20
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Stefańska I, Kwiecień E, Jóźwiak-Piasecka K, Garbowska M, Binek M, Rzewuska M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains of Potential Use as Feed Additives - The Basic Safety and Usefulness Criterion. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:687071. [PMID: 34277757 PMCID: PMC8281277 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.687071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of resistance to antibiotics is a major health concern worldwide due to the increasing rate of isolation of multidrug resistant pathogens hampering the treatment of infections. The food chain has been recognized as one of the key routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans. Considering that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could act as a reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance genes, LAB strains intended to be used as feed additives should be monitored for their safety. Sixty-five LAB strains which might be potentially used as probiotic feed additives or silage inoculants, were assessed for susceptibility to eight clinically relevant antimicrobials by a minimum inhibitory concentration determination. Among antimicrobial resistant strains, a prevalence of selected genes associated with the acquired resistance was investigated. Nineteen LAB strains displayed phenotypic resistance to one antibiotic, and 15 strains were resistant to more than one of the tested antibiotics. The resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines were the most prevalent and were found in 37 and 26% of the studied strains, respectively. Phenotypic resistance to other antimicrobials was found in single strains. Determinants related to resistance phenotypes were detected in 15 strains as follows, the aph(3″)-IIIa gene in 9 strains, the lnu(A) gene in three strains, the str(A)-str(B), erm(B), msr(C), and tet(M) genes in two strains and the tet(K) gene in one strain. The nucleotide sequences of the detected genes revealed homology to the sequences of the transmissible resistance genes found in lactic acid bacteria as well as pathogenic bacteria. Our study highlights that LAB may be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants, thus, the first and key step in considering the usefulness of LAB strains as feed additives should be an assessment of their antibiotic resistance. This safety criterion should always precede more complex studies, such as an assessment of adaptability of a strain or its beneficial effect on a host. These results would help in the selection of the best LAB strains for use as feed additives. Importantly, presented data can be useful for revising the current microbiological cut-off values within the genus Lactobacillus and Pediococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Stefańska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kwiecień
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak-Piasecka
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology – State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Garbowska
- Division of Milk Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marian Binek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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van den Honert MS, Gouws PA, Hoffman LC. Escherichia coli Antibiotic Resistance Patterns from Co-Grazing and Non-Co-Grazing Livestock and Wildlife Species from Two Farms in the Western Cape, South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060618. [PMID: 34067232 PMCID: PMC8224584 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although limited, studies have found conflicting results on whether co-grazing results in significant antibiotic resistance transfer between species. This type of farming system can act as a vector in the geographical spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic-resistant patterns between co-grazing and non-co-grazing livestock and wildlife species in South Africa. Escherichia coli was isolated from the faeces of various wildlife and livestock species from two farms in South Africa and was tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphafurazole, and tetracycline. A selection of some common antibiotic-resistant genes (blaCMY, aadA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, and tetB) were detected using PCR. The E. coli isolates from wildlife and livestock that co-grazed showed no significant differences in antibiotic resistance patterns. However, this was not the case for tetracycline resistance as the livestock isolates were significantly more resistant than the co-grazing wildlife isolates. The E. coli isolates from the non-co-grazing livestock and wildlife had significant differences in their antibiotic susceptibility patterns; the wildlife E. coli isolates were significantly more resistant to sulphafurazole and streptomycin than the livestock isolates, whilst those isolated from the cattle were significantly more resistant to ampicillin than the wildlife and sheep isolates. The results of this study suggest that there could be an exchange of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes between livestock and wildlife that co-graze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sannettha van den Honert
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Pieter Andries Gouws
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Digital Agricultural Building, 8115, Office 110, Gatton 4343, Australia
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22
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Jeong J, Lee JY, Kang MS, Lee HJ, Kang SI, Lee OM, Kwon YK, Kim JH. Comparative Characteristics and Zoonotic Potential of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolates from Chicken and Duck in South Korea. Microorganisms 2021; 9:946. [PMID: 33925760 PMCID: PMC8145765 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, which is an economically important disease in the poultry industry worldwide. The present study investigated O-serogroups, phylogenetic groups, antimicrobial resistance, and the existence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antimicrobial resistance genes in 125 APEC isolates between 2018 and 2019 in Korea. The phylogenetic group B2 isolates were confirmed for human-related sequence types (STs) through multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). O-serogroups O2 (12.5%) and O78 (10.3%) and phylogenetic group B1 (36.5%) and A (34.5%) were predominant in chicken and duck isolates, respectively. Out of 14 VAGs, iucD, iroN, hlyF, and iss were found significantly more in chicken isolates than duck isolates (p < 0.05). The resistance to ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin was higher in chicken isolates than duck isolates (p < 0.05). The multidrug resistance (MDR) rates of chicken and duck isolates were 77.1% and 65.5%, respectively. One isolate resistant to colistin (MIC 16 μg/mL) carried mcr-1. The B2-ST95 APEC isolates possessed more than 9 VAGs, and most of them were MDR (82.4%). This report is the first to compare the characteristics of APEC isolates from chickens and ducks in Korea and to demonstrate that B2-ST95 isolates circulating in Korea have zoonotic potential and pose a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-Hyun Kim
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.J.); (J.-Y.L.); (M.-S.K.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-I.K.); (O.-M.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
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23
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Singh NS, Singhal N, Kumar M, Virdi JS. High Prevalence of Drug Resistance and Class 1 Integrons in Escherichia coli Isolated From River Yamuna, India: A Serious Public Health Risk. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:621564. [PMID: 33633708 PMCID: PMC7899961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.621564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, urban water bodies have emerged as an environmental reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes because resistant bacteria residing here might easily disseminate these traits to other waterborne pathogens. In the present study, we have investigated the AMR phenotypes, prevalent plasmid-mediated AMR genes, and integrons in commensal strains of Escherichia coli, the predominant fecal indicator bacteria isolated from a major urban river of northern India Yamuna. The genetic environment of blaCTX–M–15 was also investigated. Our results indicated that 57.5% of the E. coli strains were resistant to at least two antibiotic classes and 20% strains were multidrug resistant, i.e., resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. The multiple antibiotic resistance index of about one-third of the E. coli strains was quite high (>0.2), reflecting high contamination of river Yamuna with antibiotics. With regard to plasmid-mediated AMR genes, blaTEM–1 was present in 95% of the strains, followed by qnrS1 and armA (17% each), blaCTX–M–15 (15%), strA-strB (12%), and tetA (7%). Contrary to the earlier reports where blaCTX–M–15 was mostly associated with pathogenic phylogroup B2, our study revealed that the CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were present in the commensal phylogroups A and B1, also. The genetic organization of blaCTX–M–15 was similar to that reported for E. coli, isolated from other parts of the world; and ISEcp1 was present upstream of blaCTX–M–15. The integrons of classes 2 and 3 were absent, but class 1 integron gene intI1 was present in 75% of the isolates, denoting its high prevalence in E. coli of river Yamuna. These evidences indicate that due to high prevalence of plasmid-mediated AMR genes and intI1, commensal E. coli can become vehicles for widespread dissemination of AMR in the environment. Thus, regular surveillance and management of urban rivers is necessary to curtail the spread of AMR and associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nambram Somendro Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelja Singhal
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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24
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Huyan J, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shi Y, Gillings MR, Yang M. Dynamics of class 1 integrons in aerobic biofilm reactors spiked with antibiotics. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105816. [PMID: 32474215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Class 1 integrons are strongly associated with the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. However, little is known about whether the presence of antibiotics affects the abundance of integrons and antibiotic resistance genes during biological wastewater treatment. To explore the roles of class 1 integrons in spreading antibiotic resistance genes in environmental compartments, the dynamics of integrons were followed in biofilm reactors treating synthetic wastewater respectively spiked with streptomycin (STM) and oxytetracycline (OTC). The relative abundance of the integron-integrase gene (intI1) increased 12 or 29-fold respectively when treated with STM or OTC, under incrementally increasing dosage regimes from 0 to 50 mg L-1. Significant increases in intI1 abundance initially occurred at an antibiotic dose of 0.1 mg L-1. At the beginning of the experiment, 51% to 64% of integrons carried no gene cassettes. In STM and OTC spiked systems, there was a significant increase in the proportion of integrons that contained resistance gene cassettes, particularly at intermediate and higher antibiotic concentrations. Gene cassettes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, beta-lactam, erythromycin, and quaternary ammonium compounds were all detected in the treated systems. Three tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetC, tetG) were significantly correlated with the abundance of intI1 (p < 0.01), despite no tet resistance being present as a gene cassette. Genome sequencing of isolates showed synteny between the tet resistance genes and intI1, mediated through linkage to transposable elements including Tn3, IS26 and ISCR3. Class 1 integrons appeared to be under positive selection in the presence of antibiotics, and might have actively acquired new gene cassettes during the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoqi Huyan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Michael R Gillings
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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25
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Kwiecień E, Stefańska I, Chrobak-Chmiel D, Sałamaszyńska-Guz A, Rzewuska M. New Determinants of Aminoglycoside Resistance and Their Association with the Class 1 Integron Gene Cassettes in Trueperella pyogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4230. [PMID: 32545831 PMCID: PMC7352783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an important opportunistic animal pathogen. Different antimicrobials, including aminoglycosides, are used to treat T. pyogenes infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate aminoglycoside susceptibility and to detect aminoglycoside resistance determinants in 86 T. pyogenes isolates of different origin. Minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin, streptomycin, and kanamycin was determined using a standard broth microdilution method. Genetic elements associated with aminoglycoside resistance were investigated by PCR and DNA sequencing. All studied isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, but 32.6% and 11.6% of them were classified as resistant to streptomycin and kanamycin, respectively. A total of 30 (34.9%) isolates contained class 1 integrons. Class 1 integron gene cassettes carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes, aadA11 and aadA9, were found in seven and two isolates, respectively. Additionally, the aadA9 gene found in six isolates was not associated with mobile genetic elements. Moreover, other, not carried by gene cassettes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, strA-strB and aph(3')-IIIa, were also detected. Most importantly, this is the first description of all reported genes in T. pyogenes. Nevertheless, the relevance of the resistance phenotype to genotype was not perfectly matched in 14 isolates. Therefore, further investigations are needed to fully explain aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in T. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8 St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (I.S.); (D.C.-C.); (A.S.-G.)
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26
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Multi-drug resistant mesophilic aeromonads isolated from marketed scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) harboring resistance genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aopf-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance properties of 32 Aeromonas strains isolated from fresh scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay)) marketed in Korea were assessed. All the Aeromonas spp., including A. salmonicida, were mesophilic and grew very well at 37°C. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to 19 antimicrobials belonging to eight antimicrobial classes. All isolates were multi-drug resistant, which means they were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. Higher resistance rates (≥ 50%) were observed for ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalothin, imipenem, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and nalidixic acid while intermediate resistance was also determined. PCR assays revealed the presence of many antimicrobial resistance genes among the isolates in varying combinations. Among them, some isolates harbored higher numbers of resistant genes, e.g., A. veronii-V1 (aac(6’)-Ib, tetE, qnrS, IntI1), A. salmonicida–SL10 (IntI1, blaCTX, aac(3’)-Ib, aac(6’)-Ib, qnrS), A. hydrophila–H13 (IntI1, blaTEM, qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib, strA-strB). However, neither the blaSHV, blaIMP, tetB, qnrA, qnrB, and aphAI-IAB genes nor class1 integrons were detected in any of the isolates. Discrepancies between phenotypic and genetic resistance traits were observed in some isolates. With respect to outcomes, scallops are proposed as a source of multi-drug resistant Aeromonas spp. that harbor antimicrobial resistant genes.
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27
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Osińska M, Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Łagowski D, Trościańczyk A. Wildlife Carnivorous Mammals As a Specific Mirror of Environmental Contamination with Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains in Poland. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1120-1131. [PMID: 32915692 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the number of studies on the occurrence of resistant strains in wildlife animals has increased significantly, but data are still fragmentary. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from wild carnivorous mammals, common in Poland. Selective media with antimicrobials (tetracycline, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime) were used for isolation. Of 53 isolates shown to be distinct by the amplification of DNA fragments surrounding rare restriction site-fingerprinting method, 77.8% were multidrug-resistant (multidrug-resistant). All strains were resistant to ampicillin and many of them also exhibited resistance to tetracycline (76.2%), sulfamethoxazole (57.1%), streptomycin and kanamycin (49.2%), chloramphenicol (30.1%), and nalidixic acid (46%). In most cases, the phenotypic resistance profile was confirmed by detection of relevant genes mostly occurring in strains isolated from livestock animals and humans. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains were detected in one mink and three martens. The strains were carriers of blaTEM-1, blaTEM-135, and blaCTX-M-15 genes. Our research confirmed a high carrier rate of MDR E. coli, even more than one MDR strain in a single individual; therefore, wider monitoring in this group of animals should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Osińska
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Sebastian Gnat
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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28
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Preena PG, Swaminathan TR, Rejish Kumar VJ, Bright Singh IS. Unravelling the menace: detection of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:26-38. [PMID: 32248555 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems to be addressed in aquaculture is the prominence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The occurrence of bacterial infections in cultured fishes promotes the continuous use of antibiotics in aquaculture, which results in the selection of proliferated antibiotic-resistant bacteria and increases the possibility of transfer to the whole environment through horizontal gene transfer. Hence, the accurate cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent detection methods are very much crucial for the immediate and proper management of this menace. Antimicrobial resistance determinants carrying mobile genetic transfer elements such as transposons, plasmids, integrons and gene cassettes need to be specifically analysed through molecular detection techniques. The susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics should be tested at regular intervals along with various biochemical assays and conjugation studies so as to determine the extent of spread of AMR. Advanced omic-based and bioinformatic tools can also be incorporated for understanding of genetic diversity. The present review focuses on different detection methods to unearth the complexity of AMR in aquaculture. This monitoring helps the authorities to curb the use of antibiotics, commencement of appropriate management measures and adequate substitute strategies in aquaculture. The long battle of AMR could be overcome by the sincere implementation of One Health approach. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The use of antibiotics and increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are of major concerns in aquaculture industry. This could result in global health risks through direct consumption of cultured fishes and dissemination of AMR to natural environment through horizontal gene transfer. Hence, timely detection of the antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and continuous monitoring programmes are inevitable. Advanced microbiological, molecular biological and omic-based tools can unravel the menace to a great extent. This will help the authorities to curb the use of antibiotics and implement appropriate management measures to overcome the threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Preena
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - T Raja Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, India
| | - V J Rejish Kumar
- Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
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29
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Wickramanayake MVKS, Dahanayake PS, Hossain S, De Zoysa M, Heo GJ. Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Marketed in Korea: Antimicrobial and Heavy-Metal Resistance Properties. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1707-1715. [PMID: 32300925 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and heavy-metal resistance of 29 Aeromonas spp. (Aeromonas hydrophila n = 9, Aeromonas enteropelogenes n = 14, Aeromonas veronii n = 3, Aeromonas salmonicida n = 2, and Aeromonas sobria n = 1) isolated from Pacific abalone marketed in Korea were analyzed. All isolates were found to be resistant against ampicillin. High level of resistant to cephalothin (86%), rifampicin (73%), imipenem (42%), and oxytetracycline (35%) were also detected. Thirteen (45%) of the isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index ≥ 0.2. The PCR assays implied the presence of qnrS, qnrB, qnrA, tetB, tetA, aac (3')- IIa, aac(6')-Ib, aphAI-IAB, blaCTX, blaTEM, and intI1 genes among 76%, 28%, 14%, 17%, 3%, 3%, 41%, 10%, 41%, 28%, and 66% of the isolates, respectively. Class 1 integron gene cassette profiles aadA1(3%) and aadA2 (3%) were also identified. Lead (Pb) resistance was the highest (69%) among 5 heavy metals tested, whereas 38%, 27%, and 20% of the isolates were resistant to Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), and Copper (Cu), respectively. Heavy-metal resistance genes, CopA, CzcA, and merA were positive in 83%, 75%, and 41% of the isolates, respectively. In conclusion, observed genotypic and phenotypic resistance profiles of Aeromonas spp. against antimicrobials and heavy metals reveal the ability of serving as a source of antimicrobials and heavy-metal-resistant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V K S Wickramanayake
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - P S Dahanayake
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabrina Hossain
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Garcês A, Correia S, Silva V, Pereira JE, Amorim F, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance in Faecal Escherichia coli from European Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida teniotis) in Portugal. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2019.21.2.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Garcês
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Susana Correia
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amorim
- CIBIO-InBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Agrarian Campus of Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patricia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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van den Honert MS, Gouws PA, Hoffman LC. A Preliminary Study: Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus Species from Wildlife Species Subjected to Supplementary Feeding on Various South African Farms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030396. [PMID: 32121124 PMCID: PMC7142571 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Supplementary feeding of wildlife allows more opportunity for disease and antibiotic resistant genes to be transferred directly between species due to increased herd density, more frequent direct contact at feeding and water points and increased human contact. The feed itself can also be a direct source of antibiotic compounds and of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study aimed to determine whether the practice of wildlife supplementary feeding could have an influence on the antibiotic resistance of the bacteria harboured by the supplementary fed wildlife, and thus play a potential role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance throughout nature. Overall, the E. coli and Enterococcus isolates from the supplementary fed wildlife were found to be more frequently resistant to the selection of antibiotics than from those which were not supplementary fed. Game farmers should be knowledgeable of the ingredients that are used in the game feed that is used to feed both their livestock and wildlife, as certain feed ingredients, such as antibiotics or bone meal, can have a detrimental effect on health and safety. Game farmers should also be aware that farm history can have an impact on the animals which graze on the pastures with regards to antibiotic resistance transfer. Abstract Studies have shown that antibiotic resistance among wild animals is becoming a public health concern, owing to increased contact and co-habitation with domestic animals that, in turn, results in increased human contact, indirectly and directly. This type of farming practice intensifies the likelihood of antibiotic resistant traits in microorganisms transferring between ecosystems which are linked via various transfer vectors, such as rivers and birds. This study aimed to determine whether the practice of wildlife supplementary feeding could have an influence on the antibiotic resistance of the bacteria harboured by the supplementary fed wildlife, and thus play a potential role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance throughout nature. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were isolated from the faeces of various wildlife species from seven different farms across South Africa. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 guidelines. The E. coli (F: 57%; N = 75% susceptible) and Enterococcus (F: 67%; N = 78% susceptible) isolates from the supplementary fed (F) wildlife were in general, found to be more frequently resistant to the selection of antibiotics than from those which were not supplementary fed (N), particularly towards tetracycline (E. coli F: 56%; N: 71%/Enterococcus F: 53%; N: 89% susceptible), ampicillin (F: 82%; N = 95% susceptible) and sulphafurazole (F: 68%; N = 98% susceptible). Interestingly, high resistance towards streptomycin was observed in the bacteria from both the supplementary fed (7% susceptible) and non-supplementary fed (6% susceptible) wildlife isolates. No resistance was found towards chloramphenicol and ceftazidime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sannettha van den Honert
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Pieter Andries Gouws
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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Tang Y, Davies R, Petrovska L. Identification of Genetic Features for Attenuation of Two Salmonella Enteritidis Vaccine Strains and Differentiation of These From Wildtype Isolates Using Whole Genome Sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:447. [PMID: 31921908 PMCID: PMC6930191 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of salmonellosis worldwide and more than 80% of outbreaks investigated in Europe have been associated with the consumption of poorly cooked eggs or foods containing raw eggs. Vaccination has been proven to be one of the most important measures to control Salmonella Enteritidis infections in poultry farms as it can decrease colonization of the reproductive organs and intestinal tract of laying hens, thereby reducing egg contamination. Differentiation of live vaccine from field or wild type S. Enteritidis isolates in poultry is essential for monitoring of veterinary isolates and targetting control actions. Due to decreasing costs, whole genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming a key tool for characterization of Salmonella isolates, including vaccine strains. Using WGS we described the genetic changes in the live attenuated Salmovac 440 and AviPro SALMONELLA VAC E vaccine strains and developed a method for differentiation from the wildtype S. Enteritidis strains. SNP analysis confirmed that streptomycin resistance was associated with a Lys43Arg missense mutation in the rpsL gene whilst 3 missense mutations in acrB and 1 missense mutation in acrA confer erythromycin sensitivity in AviPro SALMONELLA VAC E. Further mutations Arg242His in purK and Gly236Arg in the hisB gene were related to adenine and histidine dependencies in Salmovac 440. Unique SNPs were used to construct a database of variants for differentiation of vaccine from the wildtype isolates. Two fragments from each vaccine were represented in the database to ensure high accuracy. Each of the two selected Salmovac 440 fragments differed by 6 SNPs from the wildtype and the AviPro SALMONELLA VAC E fragments differed by 4 and 6 SNPs, respectively. CD-hit software was applied to cluster similar fragments that produced the best fit output when searched with SRST2. The developed vaccine differentiation method was tested with 1,253 genome samples including field isolates of Salmovac 440 (n = 51), field isolates of AviPro SALMONELLA VAC E (n = 13), S. Gallinarum (n = 19), S. Pullorum (n = 116), S. Enteritidis (n = 244), S. Typhimurium (n = 810) and achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tang
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | | | - Liljana Petrovska
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
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Assefa A, Regassa F, Ayana D, Amenu K, Abunna F. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from harvested fish at Lake Hayq and Tekeze dam, Northern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02996. [PMID: 31890955 PMCID: PMC6926222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisheries play a significant role in food security, livelihood, and source of income in developing countries. Although fish are a healthy source of protein, they can also spread diseases caused by pathogenic micro-organisms they may harbor. Epidemiology of foodborne pathogens is not well studied in Ethiopia. To address this issue to some extent, a cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling approach was conducted from October 2017 to May 2018 with the objectives of to isolate and estimate the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in fish, and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates in selected Lakes of Northern Ethiopia. All the microbial identification and isolation procedures were conducted based on ISO 6887-3:2017 recommendations. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was also performed following the standard procedure of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion protocol. From the total 410 fish samples examined, six (1.46%) of them were found contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157: H7 strain. The organism was isolated from landing sites (5/293) and local retail markets (1/75). Besides, Escherichia coli O157: H7 was isolated from filleted fish (5/214) and whole fish (1/125); however, it was not isolated from samples of ready to eat fish and working environments of restaurants. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin and Streptomycin disks. However, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Nalidixic acid were found effective in inhibiting the growth of all of the isolates. Since pathogenic Escherichia coli strain was detected from fish, raw and undercooked fish consumption in Ethiopia may result in contracting infections. The occurrence of such pathogenic organisms in fish indicates the need for intervention by stakeholders. Supports like freezers, generators, the establishment of fish processing plants and on job training about proper fish handling practices may play a tremendous role in decreasing the level of contamination of fish in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Assefa
- Sekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center P.O. Box 62, Sekota, Ethiopia
| | - Fikru Regassa
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Biomedical Sciences, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Dinka Ayana
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Amenu
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Fufa Abunna
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Dahanayake PS, Hossain S, Wickramanayake MVKS, Heo GJ. Prevalence of virulence and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes harbouring Vibrio spp. isolated from cockles (Tegillarca granosa) marketed in Korea. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 71:61-69. [PMID: 31602660 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the incidence, virulence and antibiotic properties in Vibrio spp. isolated from cockles (Tegillarca granosa) marketed in Korea. A total of 32 Vibrio spp. isolates including V. parahaemolyticus (n = 4), V. alginolyticus (n = 11), V. diabolicus (n = 14) and V. harveyi (n = 3) were detected using gyrB sequencing. The phenotypic pathogenicity revealed that the DNase, amylase and phospholipase activities were 100%, while lipase, slime production, gelatinase and caseinase were detected in 72, 88, 88 and 81% of the isolates respectively. The PCR amplification for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus species-specific tdh, tlh, trh and toxR genes were positive in 4 (13%), 16 (50%), 0 (0%) and 4 (13%) isolates respectively. The V. alginolytuicus species-specific tdh, tlh, trh, toxR and vac genes were carried by 15 (47%), 29 (91%), 0 (0%), 15 (47%) and 25 (78%) of the isolates respectively. In addition, multidrug resistance was observed by 27 (84%) isolates, whereas higher resistant rates were observed against ampicillin, piperacillin, streptomycin and cephalothin. The occurrence of blaCTX (78%), blaTEM (40%), blaSHV (22%) and aac(6')-Ib (94%) were prevalent, while strAB, tetB, aphAI-IAB, intl1 and aadA1 gene cassettes were also detected. The results signify the potential health risks resulting from the consumption of raw cockles in Korea. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Vibrios are well known to cause human infections following consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. This phenomenon has undoubtedly increased the number of health issues over the past few years in Korea. Among the identified Vibrio spp., we could detect V. diabolicus and V. harveyi for the first time in marketed cockles in Korea. The presence of species-specific genes (tdh-VA, tlh-VP, tlh-VA and toxR-VA) in V. diabolicus exhibits the close genetic affinity among V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. Furthermore, the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and other antibiotic resistance genes along with multidrug resistance signifies the potential threat for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - S Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - M V K S Wickramanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Trościańczyk A, Osińska M, Łagowski D, Kosior-Korzecka U, Puzio I. Bats as a reservoir of resistant Escherichia coli: A methodical view. Can we fully estimate the scale of resistance in the reservoirs of free-living animals? Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:49-58. [PMID: 31710964 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bats are a poorly understood reservoir of pathogenic and multi-drug resistant microorganisms; therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the presence of drug resistance among E. coli isolated from the species of bats occurring naturally in Poland. The strategy of isolation and identification of resistant strains from pooled and single-animal samples was based on selective media with cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and tetracycline, the use of the ADSRRS-fingerprinting method for genomic differentiation of isolates, and the classical methods of evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic resistance. Of the 78 isolated isolates confirmed as E. coli, there were 38 genetically distinct strains resistant at least to one antimicrobial. 71% of these strains met the multi-drug resistance criterion. Moreover, two different multidrug resistant strains were isolated from three single samples. The highest resistance was observed in the case of ampicillin (66%), kanamycin (84%), sulfamethoxazole/trimetoprim (61%/55% respectively), and streptomycin (50%), which in most cases was confirmed by the presence of an adequate gene. Two isolates from single hosts produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1). With the exception of tetracycline resistance, which was dominant among isolates from single animals, no significant differences in the resistance of the strains from both groups of samples were observed. Bats should not be neglected as another environmental reservoir and as an unpredictable source of potential pathogenic and multidrug resistant bacteria and should be extensively studied to predict the direction of the development and range of spreading resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Nowakiewicz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcelina Osińska
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Kosior-Korzecka
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Puzio
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Physiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Dahanayake PS, Hossain S, Wickramanayake MVKS, Heo GJ. Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from marketed Manila Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in Korea. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:941-952. [PMID: 31211903 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is one of the most popular seafood in Korea, owing to their unique taste and nutritional value. This study aimed to disclose the antibiotic and heavy metal resistance characteristics of Aeromonas spp. isolated from marketed Manila clam in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 36 Aeromonas spp. strains were isolated and subjected to two tests: an antibiotic disk diffusion test to determine their resistance to antibiotics, and a broth dilution test to determine their resistance to heavy metals. PCR-based amplification was performed to detect the resistance genes. A high level of resistance to ampicillin (100%) and cephalothin (89%) was observed, while 42, 39, 36 and 36% of the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline, imipenem, nalidixic acid and tetracycline respectively. In addition, among the tested heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) recorded the highest resistance rate (61%), followed by chromium (Cr) (50%), lead (Pb) (47%) and copper (Cu) (37%). However, mercury (Hg) resistance was not observed. PCRs revealed the occurrence of blaTEM , blaSHV , blaCTX-M , qnrS, tetB, tetE, aac(6')-Ib, strA-strB and intI1 genes among 100, 31, 31, 78, 78, 89, 25, 50 and 72% of the isolates respectively. Moreover, heavy metal resistance genes, copA, merA and czcA were detected in 25, 47 and 61% of the isolates respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the importance of multi-drug and heavy metal-resistant aeromonads in Manila clam to assess the consumer safety and public health. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is the first to elaborate on the importance of multi-drug and heavy metal-resistant aeromonads in Manila clam. Particularly, the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase genes and other antibiotic resistance genes intensifies the possible health risks and may complicate therapeutic treatments upon infection, while heavy metal resistance suggests possible heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - S Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - M V K S Wickramanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
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Di Pilato V, Antonelli A, Giani T, Henrici De Angelis L, Rossolini GM, Pollini S. Identification of a Novel Plasmid Lineage Associated With the Dissemination of Metallo-β-Lactamase Genes Among Pseudomonads. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1504. [PMID: 31312195 PMCID: PMC6614342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) represents one of most relevant resistance mechanisms to all β-lactams, including carbapenems, ceftolozane and available β-lactamase inhibitors, in Pseudomonas spp. VIM-type enzymes are the most common acquired MBLs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, to a lesser extent, in other Pseudomonas species. Little is known about the acquisition dynamics of these determinants, that are usually carried on integrons embedded into chromosomal mobile genetic elements. To date, few MBL-encoding plasmids have been described in Pseudomonas spp., and their diversity and role in the dissemination of these MBLs remains largely unknown. Here we report on the genetic features of the VIM-1-encoding plasmid pMOS94 from P. mosselii AM/94, the earliest known VIM-1-producing strain, and of related elements involved in dissemination of MBL. Results of plasmid DNA sequencing showed that pMOS94 had a modular organization, consisting of backbone modules associated with replication, transfer and antibiotic resistance. Plasmid pMOS94, although not typable according to the PBRT scheme, was classifiable either in MOBF11 or MPFT plasmid families. The resistance region included the class I integron In70, carrying bla V IM-1, in turn embedded in a defective Tn402-like transposon. Comparison with pMOS94-like elements led to the identification of a defined plasmid lineage circulating in different Pseudomonas spp. of clinical and environmental origin and spreading different MBL-encoding genes, including bla IMP-63, bla BIM, and bla V IM-type determinants. Genetic analysis revealed that this plasmid lineage likely shared a common ancestor and had evolved through the acquisition and recombination of different mobile elements, including the MBL-encoding transposons. Our findings provide new insights about the genetic diversity of MBL-encoding plasmids circulating among Pseudomonas spp., potentially useful for molecular epidemiology purposes, and revealed the existence and persistence of a successful plasmid lineage over a wide spatio-temporal interval, spanning over five different countries among two continents and over 20-years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Pollini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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González Pasayo RA, Sanz ME, Padola NL, Moreira AR. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic calves in Argentina. Open Vet J 2019; 9:65-73. [PMID: 31086769 PMCID: PMC6500866 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v9i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common and global cause of neonatal calf diarrhea, but there is a little information regarding calf ETEC strains in Argentina. In this study, five ETEC isolates from diarrheic dairy calves (2–10 d old) from Buenos Aires and Cordoba, Argentina were characterized on the basis of virulence gene (VG) pattern, O:H serotyping, hemolytic phenotype, phylogenetic group affiliation, antimicrobial (AM) resistance profile, and presence of integron class 1 and 2. The five isolates were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of 18 bovine VGs and showed the following genotypes: F5+/F41+/sta+ (D242), F5+/sta+ (D158), F5+/sta+ (D157), F5+ (D151-9), and F5+/iucD+ (D151-5). These VGs confer pathogenic potential and most of them are associated with the ETEC pathotype. The five isolates showed a non-hemolytic phenotype, belonged to five different serotypes: O101:H−, O141:H−, O60:H−, ONT:H10, and ONT:H−, and were assigned to the phylogenetic group A by the quadruplex Clermont PCR method. The AM resistance of the three isolates D242, D157, and D151-5 was determined by agar disk diffusion method for 24 AMs and they exhibited a multi-resistance phenotype (resistance to four different AM classes: Cephalosporins, Penicillins, Macrolides, and Ansamycins). In addition, class 1 integrons were found in the isolate D151-5 containing the dfrA17-aadA5 gene cassette and in the bovine ETEC reference strain FV10191 containing the dfrA1-aadA1 gene cassette. The present study revealed for the first time the occurrence of multi-resistant ETEC associated with neonatal diarrhea in dairy calves in Argentina. This finding may be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A González Pasayo
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, EEA INTA Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Marcelo E Sanz
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Nora L Padola
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Ana R Moreira
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, EEA INTA Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
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Wang L, Fu L, Liu Z, Guo H, Wang L, Feng M, He Y, Chen Q, Hu J. Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Integrons, and Virulence Genes Among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Positive Laribacter hongkongensis from Edible Frogs and Freshwater Fish. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:855-864. [PMID: 30767721 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic animals are now recognized to be major hosts of potentially pathogenic Laribacter hongkongensis. A comparative study was carried out among extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing L. hongkongensis isolated from frogs (47 isolates) and fish (41 isolates) to examine phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, integrons, virulence factors, and genetic relatedness. Isolates from frogs showed a higher incidence of antibiotic resistance compared with those from fish for most of the antimicrobials tested, especially trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and streptomycin. Multidrug-resistant strains were also found more frequently among frog isolates (5.44 traits on average) than among fish isolates (3.29 traits). In frog isolates, class 1 integrons and the resistance genes sul1, sul2, tetA, tetR, and aac(6')-Ib-cr showed a clearly higher incidence compared with isolates from fish. In contrast, blaTEM-1 was higher in fish isolates than in frog isolates. Correlation analysis showed that sul1, sul2, tetA, and tetR were significantly associated with class 1 integrons in frog isolates. The correlations indicated a potential co-selection risk of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In addition, the distribution of three virulence-associated determinants for the type IV bundle-forming pili gene (bfpA), ferric aerobactin receptor gene (iucD), and iron-responsive element gene (ireA) was markedly higher in strains isolated from frogs than in those isolated from fish. No obvious genetic relatedness was observed between both populations. The large differences found in the incidence of antibiotic resistance, integrons along with the multiple resistance genes, virulence factors, and genetic fingerprints determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggest a high degree of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity potential of ESBL-producing L. hongkongensis from isolates found in frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leiwen Fu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- 2 Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Guo
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- 3 Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Longgang, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Feng
- 4 Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shunde, Foshan, China
| | - Yaqing He
- 5 Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Chen
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,6 Department of Nosocomial Infection Administration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Turchi B, Dec M, Bertelloni F, Winiarczyk S, Gnat S, Bresciani F, Viviani F, Cerri D, Fratini F. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Factors in Escherichia coli from Sympatric Wildlife of the Apuan Alps Regional Park (Tuscany, Italy). Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:772-780. [PMID: 30676273 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today a growing number of studies are focusing on antibiotic resistance in wildlife. This is due to the potential role of wild animals as reservoirs and spreaders of pathogenic and resistant bacteria. This study focused on isolating and identifying Escherichia coli from the feces of wild animals living in the Apuan Alps Regional Park (Tuscany, Italy) and evaluating some of their antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity traits. Eighty-five fecal samples from different species were studied. Seventy-one E. coli were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, subjected to antibiograms and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes and pathogenicity factors. The highest resistance rates were found against cephalothin (39.4%) and ampicillin (33.8%), followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (15.5%), streptomycin (12.7%), and tetracycline (5.6%). Regarding resistance genes, 39.4% of the isolates were negative for all tested genes. The remaining isolates were positive for blaCMY-2, sul2, strA-strB and aadA1, tet(B), and tet(A), encoding resistance to beta-lactams, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline, respectively. With regard to virulence factors, 63.4% of the isolates were negative for all genes; 21.1% carried astA alone, which is associated with different pathotypes, 9.9% carried both escV and eaeA (aEPEC); single isolates (1.4%) harbored escV (aEPEC), escV associated with astA and eaeA (aEPEC), astA with stx2 and hlyA (EHEC) or astA and stx1, stx2, and hlyA (EHEC). These results show that wildlife from nonanthropized environments can be a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and suggest the need for a deeper knowledge on their origin and diffusion mechanisms through different ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Turchi
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Dec
- 2 Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- 3 Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- 4 Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Flavio Bresciani
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Cerri
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Fratini
- 1 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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41
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Frozen White-Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Korean Markets as a Source of Aeromonas spp. Harboring Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1587-1598. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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42
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Ludvigsen J, Amdam GV, Rudi K, L'Abée-Lund TM. Detection and Characterization of Streptomycin Resistance (strA-strB) in a Honeybee Gut Symbiont (Snodgrassella alvi) and the Associated Risk of Antibiotic Resistance Transfer. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:588-591. [PMID: 29520453 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Use of antibiotics in medicine and farming contributes to increasing numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in diverse environments. The ability of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) to transfer between bacteria genera contributes to this spread. It is difficult to directly link antibiotic exposure to the spread of ARG in a natural environment where environmental settings and study populations cannot be fully controlled. We used managed honeybees in environments with contrasting streptomycin exposure (USA: high exposure, Norway: low exposure) and mapped the prevalence and spread of transferrable streptomycin resistance genes. We found a high prevalence of strA-strB genes in the USA compared to Norway with 17/90 and 1/90 positive samples, respectively (p < 0.00007). We identified strA-strB genes on a transferrable transposon Tn5393 in the honeybee gut symbiont Snodgrassella alvi. Such transfer of resistance genes increases the risk of the spread to new environments as honeybees are moved to new pollination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ludvigsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chr. M. Falsens vei 1, 1430, Ås, Norway.
| | - Gro V Amdam
- Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Høgskoleveien 12, 1430, Ås, Norway
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874501, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chr. M. Falsens vei 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Trine M L'Abée-Lund
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, 0454, Oslo, Norway
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Giannakis S, Watts S, Rtimi S, Pulgarin C. Solar light and the photo-Fenton process against antibiotic resistant bacteria in wastewater: A kinetic study with a Streptomycin-resistant strain. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Ingle DJ, Levine MM, Kotloff KL, Holt KE, Robins-Browne RM. Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal Escherichia coli from children in community settings in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:1063-1073. [PMID: 30127495 PMCID: PMC6787116 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries are poorly understood, especially in community settings, due to a sparsity of data on AMR prevalence and genetics. We used a combination of phenotyping, genomics and antimicrobial usage data to investigate patterns of AMR amongst atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains isolated from children younger than five years old in seven developing countries (four in sub-Saharan Africa and three in South Asia) over a three-year period. We detected high rates of AMR, with 65% of isolates displaying resistance to three or more drug classes. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a diversity of known genetic mechanisms for AMR that accounted for >95% of phenotypic resistance, with comparable rates amongst aEPEC strains associated with diarrhoea or asymptomatic carriage. Genetic determinants of AMR were associated with the geographic location of isolates, not E. coli lineage, and AMR genes were frequently co-located, potentially enabling the acquisition of multi-drug resistance in a single step. Comparison of AMR with antimicrobial usage data showed that the prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins was correlated with usage, which was higher in South Asia than in Africa. This study provides much-needed insights into the frequency and mechanisms of AMR in intestinal E. coli in children living in community settings in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Ingle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Myron M Levine
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Roy M Robins-Browne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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45
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Selvaraj GK, Tian Z, Zhang H, Jayaraman M, Yang M, Zhang Y. Culture-based study on the development of antibiotic resistance in a biological wastewater system treating stepwise increasing doses of streptomycin. AMB Express 2018; 8:12. [PMID: 29368072 PMCID: PMC5783987 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of streptomycin (STM) on the development of antibiotic resistance in an aerobic-biofilm reactor was explored by stepwise increases in STM doses (0-50 mg L-1), over a period of 618 days. Totally 191 bacterial isolates affiliated with 90 different species were harvested from the reactor exposed to six STM exposures. Gammaproteobacteria (20-31.8%), Bacilli (20-35.7%), Betaproteobacteria (4.5-21%) and Actinobacteria (0-18.2%) were dominant, and their diversity was not affected over the whole period. Thirteen dominant isolates from each STM exposures (78 isolates) were applied to determine their resistance prevalence against eight classes of antibiotics. Increased STM resistance (53.8-69.2%) and multi-drug resistance (MDR) (46.2-61.5%) were observed in the STM exposures (0.1-50 mg L-1), compared to exposure without STM (15.3 and 0%, respectively). Based on their variable minimum inhibitory concentration results, 40 differentiated isolates from various STM exposures were selected to check the prevalence of nine aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-II, aacA4, aadA, aadB, aadE, aphA1, aphA2, strA and strB) and two class I integron genes (3'-CS and IntI). STM resistance genes (aadA, strA and strB), a non-STM resistance gene (aacA4) and integron genes (3'-CS and Int1) were distributed widely in all STM exposures, compared to the exposure without STM. This new culture-based stepwise increasing antibiotic approach reveals that biological systems treating wastewater with lower STM dose (0.1 mg L-1) could lead to notably increased levels of STM resistance, MDR, and resistant gene determinants, which were sustainable even under higher STM doses (> 25 mg L-1).
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46
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Suman U, Purnima S, Ram C, Naveen A. Microbiological assessment and hazardous effect of ready-to-eat foods presented for sale in Lucknow City, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajfs2017.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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47
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Blau K, Casadevall L, Wolters B, Van den Meersche T, Kreuzig R, Smalla K, Jechalke S. Soil texture-depending effects of doxycycline and streptomycin applied with manure on the bacterial community composition and resistome. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 94:4566514. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khald Blau
- Julius Kühn-Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laia Casadevall
- Julius Kühn-Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Birgit Wolters
- Julius Kühn-Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Ökologische und Nachhaltige Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tina Van den Meersche
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Science Unit - Food safety, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Robert Kreuzig
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Ökologische und Nachhaltige Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Julius Kühn-Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sven Jechalke
- Julius Kühn-Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
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48
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Courtney CM, Goodman SM, Nagy TA, Levy M, Bhusal P, Madinger NE, Detweiler CS, Nagpal P, Chatterjee A. Potentiating antibiotics in drug-resistant clinical isolates via stimuli-activated superoxide generation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701776. [PMID: 28983513 PMCID: PMC5627983 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a growing concern to global health and is exacerbated by the lack of new antibiotics. To treat already pervasive MDR infections, new classes of antibiotics or antibiotic adjuvants are needed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play a role during antibacterial action; however, it is not yet understood whether ROS contribute directly to or are an outcome of bacterial lethality caused by antibiotics. We show that a light-activated nanoparticle, designed to produce tunable flux of specific ROS, superoxide, potentiates the activity of antibiotics in clinical MDR isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Despite the high degree of antibiotic resistance in these isolates, we observed a synergistic interaction between both bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics with varied mechanisms of action and our superoxide-producing nanoparticles in more than 75% of combinations. As a result of this potentiation, the effective antibiotic concentration of the clinical isolates was reduced up to 1000-fold below their respective sensitive/resistant breakpoint. Further, superoxide-generating nanoparticles in combination with ciprofloxacin reduced bacterial load in epithelial cells infected with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and increased Caenorhabditis elegans survival upon infection with S. enterica serovar Enteriditis, compared to antibiotic alone. This demonstration highlights the ability to engineer superoxide generation to potentiate antibiotic activity and combat highly drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Courtney
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Samuel M. Goodman
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Toni A. Nagy
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Max Levy
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Pallavi Bhusal
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Nancy E. Madinger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Corrella S. Detweiler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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49
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Do Nascimento V, Day MR, Doumith M, Hopkins KL, Woodford N, Godbole G, Jenkins C. Comparison of phenotypic and WGS-derived antimicrobial resistance profiles of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in England, 2015–16. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:3288-3297. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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50
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Chung YS, Song JW, Kim DH, Shin S, Park YK, Yang SJ, Lim SK, Park KT, Park YH. Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from national horse racetracks and private horse-riding courses in Korea. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:199-206. [PMID: 26645344 PMCID: PMC4921668 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited information is available regarding horse-associated antimicrobial resistant (AR) Escherichia (E.) coli. This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and characterize the pattern of AR E. coli from healthy horse-associated samples. A total of 143 E. coli (4.6%) were isolated from 3,078 samples collected from three national racetracks and 14 private horse-riding courses in Korea. Thirty of the E. coli isolates (21%) showed antimicrobial resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, and four of the AR E. coli (13.3%) were defined as multi-drug resistance. Most of the AR E. coli harbored AR genes corresponding to their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Four of the AR E. coli carried class 1 integrase gene (intI1), a gene associated with multi-drug resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis showed no genetic relatedness among AR E. coli isolated from different facilities; however, cross-transmissions between horses or horses and environments were detected in two facilities. Although cross-transmission of AR E. coli in horses and their environments was generally low, our study suggests a risk of transmission of AR bacteria between horses and humans. Further studies are needed to evaluate the risk of possible transmission of horse-associated AR bacteria to human communities through horse riders and horse-care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Soo Chung
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaivers
| | - Jae Won Song
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaivers
| | - Dae Ho Kim
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaivers
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaivers
| | - Young Kyung Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaivers
| | - Soo Jin Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University 2nd Campus, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Suk Kyung Lim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 14086, Korea
| | - Kun Taek Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaivers
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaivers
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