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Dakal TC, Dhakar R, Beura A, Moar K, Maurya PK, Sharma NK, Ranga V, Kumar A. Emerging methods and techniques for cancer biomarker discovery. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155567. [PMID: 39232287 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Modern cancer research depends heavily on the identification and validation of biomarkers because they provide important information about the diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment of the cancer. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of cancer biomarkers, including their development phases and recent breakthroughs in transcriptomics and computational techniques for detecting these biomarkers. Blood-based biomarkers have great potential for non-invasive tumor dynamics and treatment response monitoring. These include circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, and microRNAs. Comprehensive molecular profiles are provided by multi-omic technologies, which combine proteomics, metabolomics, and genomes to support the identification of biomarkers and the targeting of therapeutic interventions. Genetic changes are detected by next-generation sequencing, and patterns of protein expression are found by protein arrays and mass spectrometry. Tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution can be understood using metabolic profiling and single-cell studies. It is projected that the use of several biomarkers-genetic, protein, mRNA, microRNA, and DNA profiles, among others-will rise, enabling multi-biomarker analysis and improving individualised treatment plans. Biomarker identification and patient outcome prediction are further improved by developments in AI algorithms and imaging techniques. Robust biomarker validation and reproducibility require cooperation between industry, academia, and doctors. Biomarkers can provide individualized care, meet unmet clinical needs, and enhance patient outcomes despite some obstacles. Precision medicine will continue to take shape as scientific research advances and the integration of biomarkers with cutting-edge technologies continues to offer a more promising future for personalized cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India.
| | - Ramgopal Dhakar
- Deparment of Life Science, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan 312901, India
| | - Abhijit Beura
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Sharma
- Deparment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Vipin Ranga
- DBT-NECAB, Assam Agriculture University, Jorhat, Assam 785013, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Zhang F, Tang Z, Du H, Wang Y, Du J, Zhao Z, Li Z. Identification of N-linked glycans recognized by WGA in saliva from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Carbohydr Res 2024; 545:109256. [PMID: 39241666 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Saliva diagnosis is an essential approach for clinical applications owing to its noninvasive and material-rich features. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-based recognition of salivary protein N-linked glycan profiles to distinguish non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from controls. We used WGA-magnetic particle conjugates to isolate glycoproteins in the pooled saliva of healthy volunteers (HV, n = 35), patients with benign pulmonary disease (BPD, n = 35), lung adenocarcinoma (ADC, n = 35), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 35), following to release the N-linked glycans from the isolated proteins with PNGase F, and further identified and annotated the released glycans by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS, respectively. The results showed that 34, 35, 39, and 44 N-glycans recognized by WGA were identified and annotated from pooled saliva samples of HV, BPD, ADC, and SCC, respectively. Furthermore, the proportion of N-glycans recognized by WGA in BPD (81.2 %), ADC (90.1 %), and SCC (88.7 %), increased compared to HV (71.9 %). Two N-glycan peaks (m/z 2286.799, and 3399.211) specifically recognized by WGA were present only in NSCLC. These findings suggest that altered salivary glycopatterns such as sialic acids and GlcNAc containing N-glycans recognized by WGA might serve as potential personalized biomarkers for the diagnosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoqi Du
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuzi Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiabao Du
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Chamrád I, Simerský R, Lenobel R, Novák O. Exploring affinity chromatography in proteomics: A comprehensive review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1306:342513. [PMID: 38692783 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the proteomics field has undergone rapid growth. Progress in mass spectrometry and bioinformatics, together with separation methods, has brought many innovative approaches to the study of the molecular biology of the cell. The potential of affinity chromatography was recognized immediately after its first application in proteomics, and since that time, it has become one of the cornerstones of many proteomic protocols. Indeed, this chromatographic technique exploiting the specific binding between two molecules has been employed for numerous purposes, from selective removal of interfering (over)abundant proteins or enrichment of scarce biomarkers in complex biological samples to mapping the post-translational modifications and protein interactions with other proteins, nucleic acids or biologically active small molecules. This review presents a comprehensive survey of this versatile analytical tool in current proteomics. To navigate the reader, the haphazard space of affinity separations is classified according to the experiment's aims and the separated molecule's nature. Different types of available ligands and experimental strategies are discussed in further detail for each of the mentioned procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Chamrád
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Holice, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim Simerský
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Holice, Czech Republic
| | - René Lenobel
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Holice, Czech Republic
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Keisham S, Saito S, Kowashi S, Tateno H. Droplet-Based Glycan and RNA Sequencing for Profiling the Distinct Cellular Glyco-States in Single Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301338. [PMID: 38164999 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plate-based single-cell glycan and RNA sequencing (scGR-seq) is previously developed to realize the integrated analysis of glycome and transcriptome in single cells. However, the sample size is limited to only a few hundred cells. Here, a droplet-based scGR-seq is developed to address this issue by adopting a 10x Chromium platform to simultaneously profile ten thousand cells' glycome and transcriptome in single cells. To establish droplet-based scGR-seq, a comparative analysis of two distinct cell lines is performed: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and normal pancreatic duct cells. Droplet-based scGR-seq revealed distinct glycan profiles between the two cell lines that showed a strong correlation with the results obtained by flow cytometry. Next, droplet-based scGR-seq is applied to a more complex sample: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) containing various immune cells. The method can systematically map the glycan signature for each immune cell in PBMC as well as glycan alterations by cell lineage. Prediction of the association between the glycan expression and the gene expression using regression analysis ultimately leads to the identification of a glycan epitope that impacts cellular functions. In conclusion, the droplet-based scGR-seq realizes the high-throughput profiling of the distinct cellular glyco-states in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Keisham
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, Multicellular System Regulation Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Sayoko Saito
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, Multicellular System Regulation Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Satori Kowashi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, Multicellular System Regulation Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, Multicellular System Regulation Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
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Quintana JI, Atxabal U, Unione L, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Exploring multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions by NMR. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1591-1613. [PMID: 36753338 PMCID: PMC9987413 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been widely employed to assess diverse features of glycan-protein molecular recognition events. Different types of qualitative and quantitative information at different degrees of resolution and complexity can be extracted from the proper application of the available NMR-techniques. In fact, affinity, structural, kinetic, conformational, and dynamic characteristics of the binding process are available. Nevertheless, except in particular cases, the affinity of lectin-sugar interactions is weak, mostly at the low mM range. This feature is overcome in biological processes by using multivalency, thus augmenting the strength of the binding. However, the application of NMR methods to monitor multivalent lectin-glycan interactions is intrinsically challenging. It is well known that when large macromolecular complexes are formed, the NMR signals disappear from the NMR spectrum, due to the existence of fast transverse relaxation, related to the large size and exchange features. Indeed, at the heart of the molecular recognition event, the associated free-bound chemical exchange process for both partners takes place in a particular timescale. Thus, these factors have to be considered and overcome. In this review article, we have distinguished, in a subjective manner, the existence of multivalent presentations in the glycan or in the lectin. From the glycan perspective, we have also considered whether multiple epitopes of a given ligand are presented in the same linear chain of a saccharide (i.e., poly-LacNAc oligosaccharides) or decorating different arms of a multiantennae scaffold, either natural (as in multiantennae N-glycans) or synthetic (of dendrimer or polymer nature). From the lectin perspective, the presence of an individual binding site at every monomer of a multimeric lectin may also have key consequences for the binding event at different levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Unai Atxabal
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Luca Unione
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and Technology, EHU-UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Li L, Tao X, Song E. Rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria based on a universal dual-recognition FRET sensing system constructed with aptamer-quantum dots and lectin-gold nanoparticles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Lectin Sorbent Assay and Flow Cytometry for Profiling Microbial Glycans. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2047-2060. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Glycan detecting tools developed from the Clostridium botulinum whole hemagglutinin complex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21973. [PMID: 34754033 PMCID: PMC8578614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with the ability to recognize and bind to specific glycan structures. These molecules play important roles in many biological systems and are actively being studied because of their ability to detect glycan biomarkers for many diseases. Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin complex; HA1, HA2, and HA3 are lectins that aid in the internalization of the toxin complex by binding to glycoproteins on the cell surface. HA1 mutants have been previously reported, namely HA1 W176A/D271F and HA1 N278A/Q279A which are specific to galactose (Gal)/N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) sugars, respectively. In this study, we utilized HA1 mutants and expressed them in complex with HA2 WT and HA3 WT to produce glycan detecting tools with high binding affinity. Particularly, two types were made: Gg and Rn. Gg is an Alexa 488 conjugated lectin complex specific to Gal and GalNAc, while Rn is an Alexa 594 conjugated lectin complex specific to Neu5Ac. The specificities of these lectins were identified using a glycan microarray followed by competitive sugar inhibition experiments on cells. In addition, we confirmed that Gg and Rn staining is clearly different depending on cell type, and the staining pattern of these lectins reflects the glycans present on the cell surface as shown in enzyme treatment experiments. The availability of Gg and Rn provide us with new promising tools to study Gal, GalNAc, and Neu5Ac terminal epitopes which can aid in understanding the functional role of glycans in physiological and pathological events.
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Chung S, Bode L, Hall DA. Point-of-care human milk testing for maternal secretor status. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:3187-3196. [PMID: 34741182 PMCID: PMC8956550 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We present an electrochemical impedimetric-based biosensor for monitoring the variation in human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition. 2′-Fucosyllactose (2’FL) is an HMO associated with infant growth, cognitive development, and protection from infectious diarrhea, one of the major causes of infant death worldwide. Due to genetic variation, the milk of some women (non-secretors) contains no or very little 2′FL with potential implications for infant health and development. However, there is currently no technology to analyze the presence and concentration of HMOs in human milk at the point-of-care (POC). The lack of such technology represents a major impediment to advancing human milk research and improving maternal-infant health. Towards this unmet need, we report an impedimetric assay for HMOs with an α-1,2 linkage, the most abundant of which is 2′FL. The sensor uses a lectin for affinity, specifically Ulex europaeusagglutininI (UEA), with electrochemical readout. In spiked studies, the sensor exhibited a high degree of linearity (R2 = 0.991) over 0.5 to 3.0 μM with a 330-nM detection limit. The sensor performance was clinically validated using banked human milk samples and correctly identified all secretor vs. non-secretor samples. Furthermore, despite the short 35-min assay time and low sample volume (25 μL), the assay was highly correlated with HPLC measurements. This bedside human milk testing assay enables POC, “sample-to-answer” quantitative HMO measurement, and will be a valuable tool to assess milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeromi Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Drew A Hall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Comprehensive analysis of glycosphingolipid glycans by lectin microarrays and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3470-3491. [PMID: 34099941 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous glycoconjugates present on the cell membrane; they play significant roles in many bioprocesses such as cell adhesion, embryonic development, signal transduction and carcinogenesis. Analyzing such amphiphilic molecules is a major challenge in the field of glycosphingolipidomics. We provide a step-by-step protocol that uses a lectin microarray to analyze GSL glycans from cultured cells. The procedure describes (i) extraction of GSLs from cell pellets, (ii) N-monodeacylation using sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase digestion to form lyso-GSLs, (iii) fluorescence labeling at the newly exposed amine group, (iv) preparation of a lectin microarray, (v) GSL-glycan analysis by a lectin microarray, (vi) complementary mass spectrometry analysis and (vii) data acquisition and analysis. This method is high-throughput, low cost and easy to conduct, and it provides detailed information about glycan linkages. This protocol takes ~10 d.
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Blaschke CRK, McDowell CT, Black AP, Mehta AS, Angel PM, Drake RR. Glycan Imaging Mass Spectrometry: Progress in Developing Clinical Diagnostic Assays for Tissues, Biofluids, and Cells. Clin Lab Med 2021; 41:247-266. [PMID: 34020762 PMCID: PMC8862151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-glycan imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) can rapidly and reproducibly identify changes in disease-associated N-linked glycosylation that are linked with histopathology features in standard formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. It can detect multiple N-glycans simultaneously and has been used to identify specific N-glycans and carbohydrate structural motifs as possible cancer biomarkers. Recent advancements in instrumentation and sample preparation are also discussed. The tissue N-glycan IMS workflow has been adapted to new glass slide-based assays for effective and rapid analysis of clinical biofluids, cultured cells, and immunoarray-captured glycoproteins for detection of changes in glycosylation associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin R K Blaschke
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Colin T McDowell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alyson P Black
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Peggi M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Predictive modeling of complex ABO glycan phenotypes by lectin microarrays. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3960-3970. [PMID: 32822483 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological classification of individuals as A, B, O, or AB is a mainstay of blood banking. ABO blood groups or ABH antigens, in addition to other surface glycans, act as unique red blood cell (RBC) signatures and direct immune responses. ABO subgroups present as weakened, mixed field, or unexpected reactivity with serological reagents, but specific designations remain complex. Lectins detect glycan motifs with some recognizing ABH antigens. We evaluated a 45-probe lectin microarray to rapidly analyze ABO blood groups and associated unique glycan signatures within complex biological samples on RBC surface glycoproteins. RBC membrane glycoproteins were prepared from donor RBCs, n = 20 for each blood group. ABO blood group was distinguishable by lectin array, including variations in ABH antigen expression not observed with serology. Principal component analysis highlighted broad ABO blood group clusters with unexpected high and low antigen expression and variations were confirmed with ABH antibody immunoblotting. Using a subset of lectins provided an accurate method to predict an ABO serological phenotype. Lectin microarray highlighted the importance of ABO localization on glycoproteins and glycolipids and pointed to increased glycocalyx complexity associated with the expression of A and B antigens including high mannose and branched polylactosamine. Thus, lectins identified subtle surface ABO blood group glycoprotein density variations not detected by routine serological methods. Transfusion services observe alterations in ABH expression during malignancy, and ABO incompatible solid organ transplantation is not without risk of rejection. The presented methods may identify subtle but clinically significant ABO blood group differences for transfusion and transplantation.
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Abstract
The importance of post-translational glycosylation in protein structure and function has gained significant clinical relevance recently. The latest developments in glycobiology, glycochemistry, and glycoproteomics have made the field more manageable and relevant to disease progression and immune-response signaling. Here, we summarize the current progress in glycoscience, including the new methodologies that have led to the introduction of programmable and automatic as well as large-scale enzymatic synthesis, and the development of glycan array, glycosylation probes, and inhibitors of carbohydrate-associated enzymes or receptors. These novel methodologies and tools have facilitated our understanding of the significance of glycosylation and development of carbohydrate-derived medicines that bring the field to the next level of scientific and medical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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O-Glycan-Altered Extracellular Vesicles: A Specific Serum Marker Elevated in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092469. [PMID: 32878320 PMCID: PMC7563872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most lethal malignancies due to an often delayed and difficult initial diagnosis. Therefore, the development of a novel, early stage, diagnostic PC marker in liquid biopsies is of great significance. In this study, we analyzed the differential glycomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from serum using lectin microarray. The glyco-candidates of PC-specific EVs were quantified using a high-sensitive exosome-counting system, ExoCounter. An absolute quantification system for altered glycan-containing EVs elevated in PC serum was established. EVs recognized by O-glycan-binding lectins ABA or ACA were identified as candidate markers by lectin microarray. Quantitative analyses using ExoCounter revealed that the ABA- or ACA-positive EVs were significantly increased in the serum of PC patients. These specific EVs with O-glycans can act as potential biomarkers in a liquid biopsy for PC patients screening. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most lethal malignancies due to an often delayed and difficult initial diagnosis. Therefore, the development of a novel, early stage, diagnostic PC marker in liquid biopsies is of great significance. In this study, we analyzed the differential glycomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from serum (two cohorts including 117 PC patients and 98 normal controls) using lectin microarray. The glyco-candidates of PC-specific EVs were quantified using a high-sensitive exosome-counting system, ExoCounter. An absolute quantification system for altered glycan-containing EVs elevated in PC serum was established. EVs recognized by O-glycan-binding lectins ABA or ACA were identified as candidate markers by lectin microarray. Quantitative analyses using ExoCounter revealed that the ABA- or ACA-positive EVs were significantly increased in the culture of PC cell lines or in the serum of PC patients including carbohydrate antigen 19-9 negative patients with high area under curve values. The elevated numbers of EVs in PC serum returned to normal levels after pancreatectomy. Histological examination confirmed that the tumors stained with ABA/ACA. These specific EVs with O-glycans recognized by ABA/ACA are elevated in PC sera and can act as potential biomarkers in a liquid biopsy for PC patients screening.
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Nanoparticle-aided glycovariant assays to bridge biomarker performance and ctDNA results. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 72:100831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Dang K, Zhang W, Jiang S, Lin X, Qian A. Application of Lectin Microarrays for Biomarker Discovery. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:285-300. [PMID: 32154049 PMCID: PMC7050261 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins in living organisms are glycosylated. As their glycan patterns exhibit protein-, cell-, and tissue-specific heterogeneity, changes in the glycosylation levels could serve as useful indicators of various pathological and physiological states. Thus, the identification of glycoprotein biomarkers from specific changes in the glycan profiles of glycoproteins is a trending field. Lectin microarrays provide a new glycan analysis platform, which enables rapid and sensitive analysis of complex glycans without requiring the release of glycans from the protein. Recent developments in lectin microarray technology enable high-throughput analysis of glycans in complex biological samples. In this review, we will discuss the basic concepts and recent progress in lectin microarray technology, the application of lectin microarrays in biomarker discovery, and the challenges and future development of this technology. Given the tremendous technical advancements that have been made, lectin microarrays will become an indispensable tool for the discovery of glycoprotein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xiao Lin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
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17
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Vacchini M, Edwards R, Guizzardi R, Palmioli A, Ciaramelli C, Paiotta A, Airoldi C, La Ferla B, Cipolla L. Glycan Carriers As Glycotools for Medicinal Chemistry Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6349-6398. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190104164653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are one of the most powerful and versatile classes of biomolecules that nature
uses to regulate organisms’ biochemistry, modulating plenty of signaling events within cells, triggering
a plethora of physiological and pathological cellular behaviors. In this framework, glycan carrier
systems or carbohydrate-decorated materials constitute interesting and relevant tools for medicinal
chemistry applications. In the last few decades, efforts have been focused, among others, on the development
of multivalent glycoconjugates, biosensors, glycoarrays, carbohydrate-decorated biomaterials
for regenerative medicine, and glyconanoparticles. This review aims to provide the reader with a general
overview of the different carbohydrate carrier systems that have been developed as tools in different
medicinal chemistry approaches relying on carbohydrate-protein interactions. Given the extent of
this topic, the present review will focus on selected examples that highlight the advancements and potentialities
offered by this specific area of research, rather than being an exhaustive literature survey of
any specific glyco-functionalized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vacchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Rana Edwards
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guizzardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ciaramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Paiotta
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
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18
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ELLSA based profiling of surface glycosylation in microorganisms reveals that ß-glucan rich yeasts' surfaces are selectively recognized with recombinant banana lectin. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:95-105. [PMID: 31823247 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The surface of microorganisms is covered with polysaccharide structures which are in immediate contact with receptor structures on host's cells and antibodies. The interaction between microorganisms and their host is dependent on surface glycosylation and in this study we have tested the interaction of plant lectins with different microorganisms. Enzyme-linked lectin sorbent assay - ELLSA was used to test the binding of recombinant Musa acuminata lectin - BL to 27 selected microorganisms and 7 other lectins were used for comparison: Soy bean agglutinin - SBA, Lens culinaris lectin - LCA, Wheat germ agglutinin - WGA, RCA120 - Ricinus communis agglutinin, Con A - from Canavalia ensiformis, Sambucus nigra agglutinin - SNA I and Maackia amurensis agglutinin - MAA. The goal was to define the microorganisms' surface glycosylation by means of interaction with the selected plant lectins and to make a comparison with BL. Among the tested lectins most selective binding was observed for RCA120 which preferentially bound Lactobacillus casei DG. Recombinant banana lectin showed specific binding to all of the tested fungal species. The binding of BL to Candida albicans was further tested with fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and it was concluded that this lectin can differentiate ß-glucan rich surfaces. The binding of BL to S. boulardii could be inhibited with ß-glucan from yeast with IC50 1.81 μg mL-1 and to P. roqueforti with 1.10 μg mL-1. This unique specificity of BL could be exploited for screening purposes and potentially for the detection of ß-glucan in solutions.
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19
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Black AP, Liang H, West CA, Wang M, Herrera HP, Haab BB, Angel PM, Drake RR, Mehta AS. A Novel Mass Spectrometry Platform for Multiplexed N-Glycoprotein Biomarker Discovery from Patient Biofluids by Antibody Panel Based N-Glycan Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8429-8435. [PMID: 31177770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new platform for N-glycoprotein analysis from serum that combines matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) workflows with antibody slide arrays is described. Antibody panel based (APB) N-glycan imaging allows for the specific capture of N-glycoproteins by antibodies on glass slides and N-glycan analysis in a protein-specific and multiplexed manner. Development of this technique has focused on characterizing two abundant and well-studied human serum glycoproteins, alpha-1-antitrypsin and immunoglobulin G. Using purified standard solutions and 1 μL samples of human serum, both glycoproteins can be immunocaptured and followed by enzymatic release of N-glycans. N-Glycans are detected with a MALDI FT-ICR mass spectrometer in a concentration-dependent manner while maintaining specificity of capture. Importantly, the N-glycans detected via slide-based antibody capture were identical to that of direct analysis of the spotted standards. As a proof of concept, this workflow was applied to patient serum samples from individuals with liver cirrhosis to accurately detect a characteristic increase in an IgG N-glycan. This novel approach to protein-specific N-glycan analysis from an antibody panel can be further expanded to include any glycoprotein for which a validated antibody exists. Additionally, this platform can be adapted for analysis of any biofluid or biological sample that can be analyzed by antibody arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson P Black
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Hongyan Liang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Connor A West
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Mengjun Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Harmin P Herrera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Drexel University College of Medicine , 2900 Queen Lane , Philadephia , Pennsylvania 19129 , United States
| | - Brian B Haab
- Van Andel Research Institute , 333 Bostwick Ave. , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Peggi M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
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20
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Francesconi O, Roelens S. Biomimetic Carbohydrate‐Binding Agents (CBAs): Binding Affinities and Biological Activities. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1329-1346. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTMUniversity of Florence Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - Stefano Roelens
- Department of Chemistry and INSTMUniversity of Florence Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
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21
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Szczubiał M, Wawrzykowski J, Dąbrowski R, Bochniarz M, Brodzki P, Kankofer M. The effect of pyometra on glycosylation of proteins in the uterine tissues from female dogs. Theriogenology 2019; 131:41-46. [PMID: 30939355 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pyometra on glycosylation of proteins in the uterine tissues from female dogs, using western blotting with selected lectins (Sambucus nigra agglutinin - SNA and Maackia amurensis agglutinin - MAL II). In addition protein pattern of examined tissues was also evaluated. The study was performed on 10 female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy because of pyometra and 10 clinically healthy female dogs, undergoing elective spaying (ovariohysterectomy). Uterine tissue samples of 1 cm2 were taken from the middle region of each uterine horn in both group of animals immediately after ovariohysterectomy. Tissue samples were homogenized and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting with SNA and MAL II. SDS-PAGE analysis showed differences between pyometra samples and controls in the amount of obtained protein fractions and the protein content in the individual fractions. Five protein (with a molecular weight of 193.78 kDa, 103.18 kDa, 77.67 kDa, 70.39 kDa, and 53.00 kDa) were found only in the pyometra samples. The remaining fractions differed in intensity of staining, which indicated differ abundance of a given protein. The results of western blotting with SNA and MAL II demonstrated that the pattern obtained from densitometric analysis differs between adequate healthy and pyometra samples with regard to the amount of protein fraction obtained as well as the intensity of staining of particular fraction. The pyometra tissues contained seven SNA-binding proteins (with a molecular weight 189.94 kDa, 165.51 kDa, 100.94 kDa, 59.42 KDa, 41.32 kDa, 35.16 kDa, and 32.6 kDa) that were not in the healthy tissues. Of the nine remaining fractions, six showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) intensity of staining in the healthy uterine tissues. In turn, the MAL II-binding protein with a molecular weight 75.85 kDa, 51.12 kDa, and 49.98 kDa were found only in the pyometra samples. Of the 28 remaining fractions, ten demonstrated significantly higher (P < 0.05), and five fractions had significantly lower (P < 0.05) intensity of staining in the pyometra tissues. The results obtained indicate that proteins in uterine tissues from female dogs with pyometra are differently glycosylated compared to normal uterine tissues. These findings provide the basis for further studies of the possible role of glycosylation in the pathogenesis of canine pyometra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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22
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Bommenahalli Shashidhara R, Iyyaswami R. Aqueous two phase partitioning of Pisum sativum lectin in PEG/citrate salt system. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:759-767. [PMID: 30303457 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1504220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pisum sativum lectin (Psl) is a metalloprotein which is in the center of research interest because of its HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity and mitogenic activity. The application of this lectin in various fields demands the economically feasible and scalable purification strategy other than affinity chromatography. The suitability of aqueous two phase system (ATPS) composed of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) with different salts (sodium citrate, potassium citrate, and ammonium citrate) was evaluated for better partitioning of Psl. The significant factors such as molar mass and concentration of PEG, type and concentration of salts, the effect of tie line length (TLL), ionic strength, and pH were studied to select a suitable system for better partitioning of Psl. ATPS comprising of 18% PEG 6000, 16% sodium citrate, 1% NaCl at the operating condition of pH 8, 40.23% of TLL, and the volume ratio of 1.32 was found to be the best system which gave a maximum partition coefficient and yield of 14.5% and 98.66%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regupathi Iyyaswami
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal , Mangalore , India
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23
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Shang Y, Zeng Y. Focused Glycomic Profiling With an Integrated Microfluidic Lectin Barcode System. Methods Enzymol 2018; 598:169-196. [PMID: 29306434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the key processes that play essential roles in biological functions and dysfunctions. However, progress in glycomics has considerably lagged behind genomics and proteomics, due in part to the enormous challenges associated with the analysis of glycans. Here we present a new integrated and automated microfluidic lectin barcode platform to substantially improve the performance of lectin array for focused glycomic profiling. The chip design and flow control were optimized to promote the lectin-glycan binding kinetics and the speed of lectin microarrays. Moreover, we established an on-chip lectin assay which employs a very simple blocking method to effectively suppress the undesired background due to lectin binding of antibodies. Using this technology, we demonstrated focused differential profiling of tissue-specific glycosylation changes of a biomarker, the CA125 protein purified from ovarian cancer cell lines, and different tissues from ovarian cancer patients in a fast, reproducible, and high-throughput fashion. Highly sensitive CA125 detection was also demonstrated with a detection limit much lower than the clinical cutoff value for cancer diagnosis. This microfluidic platform holds the potential to integrate with sample preparation functions to construct a fully integrated "sample-to-answer" microsystem for focused differential glycomic analysis. Thus, our technology should present a powerful tool in support of rapid advance in glycobiology and glycobiomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Shang
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Yong Zeng
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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24
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Narimatsu H, Sato T. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive glycobiomarkers: a unique lectin as a serum biomarker probe in various diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:183-190. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1419066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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25
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Kearns H, Goodacre R, Jamieson LE, Graham D, Faulds K. SERS Detection of Multiple Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Using Nanosensors. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12666-12673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayleigh Kearns
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Royston Goodacre
- The
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren E. Jamieson
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
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26
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Glycan profiling of proteins using lectin binding by Surface Plasmon Resonance. Anal Biochem 2017; 538:53-63. [PMID: 28947169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycan profiling of proteins was studied through their lectin binding activity by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). To validate the method, we monitored specific lectin binding with sequential removal of sugar moieties from human transferrin using specific glycosidases. The results clearly indicated that glycans on the protein can be identified by their selective binding activity to various lectins. Using this method, we characterized Fc glycosylation profiles of therapeutic peptibodies and antibodies expressed in mammalian cells (CHO and HEK 293 6E cells), with E. coli expressed proteins as the negative controls. We observed that antibodies expressed in CHO cells did not contain any sialic acid, while antibodies expressed in 293 6E cells contained sialic acid. CHO cell expressed antibodies were also more heavily fucosylated than the ones expressed by 293 6E cells. We further applied this method to measure the fucose composition of glycan engineered mouse antibodies, as well as to determine mannose composition of human antibody variants with depletion or enrichment of high mannose. The glycan profiles generated using this method were comparable to results from 2-AB labeled glycan analysis of normal-phase separated glycans, and Fc gamma receptor binding activity of the glycan engineered antibodies were consistent with their glycan profiles. Hence, we demonstrated that SPR lectin binding analysis can be a quick alternative method to profile protein glycosylation.
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27
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Shimoda A, Tahara Y, Sawada SI, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Glycan profiling analysis using evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted lectin array: Importance of sugar recognition for cellular uptake of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:701-707. [PMID: 28751214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies involving the functional analysis of exosomal contents including proteins, DNA, and RNA have been reported. Most membrane proteins and lipids are glycosylated, which controls their physical properties and functions, but little is known about glycans on exosomes owing to the difficulty of analysing them. To shed light on these issues, we collected exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human adipose tissue for glycan profiling using evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted lectin array as well as analysis of their uptake in vivo. Initial analyses showed that the mean diameter of the collected exosomes was 178 nm and they presented with typical exosomal and MSC markers. Regarding the glycan profiling, exosomes interacted more strongly than the membrane of the original MSCs did with a range of lectins, especially sialic acid-binding lectins. The findings also showed that cellular exosome uptake involved recognition by HeLa cell-surface-bound sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (siglecs). Confirming this siglec-related uptake, in vivo experiments involving subcutaneous injection of the fluorescently labelled exosomes into mice showed their transport into lymph nodes and internalization by antigen-presenting cells, particularly those expressing CD11b. Closer analysis revealed the colocalization of the exosomes with siglecs, indicating their involvement in the uptake. These findings provide us with an improved understanding of the importance of exosomal transport and targeting in relation to glycans on exosomal surfaces, potentially enabling us to standardize exosomes when using them for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tahara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan.
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28
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Largy E, Cantais F, Van Vyncht G, Beck A, Delobel A. Orthogonal liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for the comprehensive characterization of therapeutic glycoproteins, from released glycans to intact protein level. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:128-146. [PMID: 28372839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are increasingly used as therapeutics. Their characterization is challenging due to their size and inherent heterogeneity notably caused by post-translational modifications, among which glycosylation is probably the most prominent. The glycosylation profile of therapeutic proteins must therefore be thoroughly analyzed. Here, we illustrate how the use of a combination of various cutting-edge LC or LC/MS(/MS) methods, and operating at different levels of analysis allows the comprehensive characterization of both the N- and O-glycosylations of therapeutic proteins without the need for other approaches (capillary electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF). This workflow does not call for the use of highly specialized/custom hardware and software nor an extensive knowledge of glycan analysis. Most notably, we present the point of view of a contract research organization, with the constraints associated to the work in a regulated environment (GxP). Two salient points of this work are i) the use of mixed-mode chromatography as a fast and straightforward mean of profiling N-glycans sialylation as well as an orthogonal method to separate N-glycans co-eluting in the HILIC mode; and ii) the use of widepore HILIC/MS to analyze challenging N/O-glycosylation profiles at both the peptide and subunit levels. A particular attention was given to the sample preparations in terms of duration, specificity, versatility, and robustness, as well as the ease of data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Cantais
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium
| | - Géry Van Vyncht
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Arnaud Delobel
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium.
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29
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Tian Q, Liu Y, Li J. Multienzyme decorated polysaccharide amplified electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor for cytosensing and cell surface carbohydrate profiling. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:1013-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Selvaprakash K, Chen YC. Detection of ricin by using gold nanoclusters functionalized with chicken egg white proteins as sensing probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 92:410-416. [PMID: 27836610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ricin produced from the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis, is a well-known toxin. The toxin comprises A and B chains. Ricin A chain can cause toxicity by inhibiting protein synthesis, and ricin B can bind to the galactose ligand on the cell membrane of host cells. Inhalation or ingestion of ricin may even lead to death. Therefore, rapid and convenient sensing methods for detecting ricin in suspicious samples must be developed. In this study, we generated protein encapsulated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@ew) with bright photoluminescence by using chicken egg white proteins as starting materials to react with aqueous tetrachloroaurate. The generated nanoclusters, which were mainly composed of chicken ovalbumin-encapsulated AuNCs, can recognize ricin B because of the presence of Galβ(1→4)GlcNAc ligands on chicken ovalbumin. The generated conjugates of AuNCs@ew and ricin B were heavy and readily settled down under centrifugation (13,000rpm, 60min). Thus, bright spots resulting from the conjugates at the bottom of the sample vials were easily visualized by the naked eye under ultraviolet light illumination. The limit of detection (LOD) was ~4.6µM. The LOD was reduced to ~400nM when fluorescence spectroscopy was used as the detection tool, while the LOD can be further improved to ~7.8nM when using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry as the detection method. We also demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed approach to selectively detect ricin B chain in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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31
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Salem DP, Nelson JT, Kim S, Strano MS. A Dynamic, Mathematical Model for Quantitative Glycoprofiling Using Label-Free Lectin Microarrays. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Justin T. Nelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sojin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S. Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Wi GR, Moon BI, Kim HJ, Lim W, Lee A, Lee JW, Kim HJ. A lectin-based approach to detecting carcinogenesis in breast tissue. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3889-3895. [PMID: 27313712 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the diversity of glycosylation structures that form during cancer progression and the sensitivity with which they are able to be detected have great potential for cancer screening. However, the large majority of breast cancer research has instead focused on the development of protein or nucleic acid markers. In the present study, alterations in glycosylation in breast cancer tissue were analyzed using enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLAs), which have potential for high-throughput screening. Cancer tissues (CCs) and normal tissues (CNs) were collected from women with breast cancer ranging from stage 0 to IIIA. The specimens were divided into two groups, stage 0-I and stage II-III, and the levels of four types of lectin in stage 0-I and stage II-III CCs and CNs were compared by ELLA. The results demonstrated that, relative to CNs, the CCs contained significantly enhanced levels of mannosylation (stage 0-I, P<0.001; stage II-III, P<0.001), galactosylation (stage 0-I, P<0.05; stage II-III, P<0.001), sialylation (stage 0-I, P<0.001; stage II-III, P<0.01) and fucosylation (stage 0-I, P<0.01; stage II-III, P<0.01). Furthermore, stage II-III CCs had higher levels of mannosylation (P<0.05) and galactosylation (P<0.01) than stage 0-I CCs. The sensitivity of the ELLA system ranged from 71-100% when specificity was set at 100%. These results demonstrate that enhanced glycosylation levels identified by ELLA are associated with the development of breast tumors, and provide evidence of the exceptional sensitivity and specificity of the ELLA system in the detection of breast cancer. This approach is anticipated to contribute highly to the development of reliable diagnostic procedures for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Ram Wi
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-In Moon
- Breast and Thyroid Cancer Center, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Lim
- Breast and Thyroid Cancer Center, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Anbok Lee
- Breast and Thyroid Cancer Center, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Woo Lee
- Breast and Thyroid Cancer Center, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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33
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Syed P, Gidwani K, Kekki H, Leivo J, Pettersson K, Lamminmäki U. Role of lectin microarrays in cancer diagnosis. Proteomics 2016; 16:1257-65. [PMID: 26841254 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of cell differentiation associated tumor markers reported to date are either glycoproteins or glycolipids. Despite there being a large number of glycoproteins reported as candidate markers for various cancers, only a handful are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Lectins, which bind to the glycan part of the glycoproteins, can be exploited to identify aberrant glycosylation patterns, which in turn would help in enhancing the specificity of cancer diagnosis. Although conventional techniques such as HPLC and MS have been instrumental in performing the glycomic analyses, these techniques lack multiplexity. Lectin microarrays have proved to be useful in studying multiple lectin-glycan interactions in a single experiment and, with the advances made in the field, hold a promise of enabling glycomic profiling of cancers in a fast and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Syed
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Kamlesh Gidwani
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Henna Kekki
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Janne Leivo
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
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34
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Shang Y, Zeng Y, Zeng Y. Integrated Microfluidic Lectin Barcode Platform for High-Performance Focused Glycomic Profiling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20297. [PMID: 26831207 PMCID: PMC4735825 DOI: 10.1038/srep20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the key processes that play essential roles in biological functions and dysfunctions. However, progress in glycomics has considerably lagged behind genomics and proteomics, due in part to the enormous challenges in analysis of glycans. Here we present a new integrated and automated microfluidic lectin barcode platform to substantially improve the performance of lectin array for focused glycomic profiling. The chip design and flow control were optimized to promote the lectin-glycan binding kinetics and speed of lectin microarray. Moreover, we established an on-chip lectin assay which employs a very simple blocking method to effectively suppress the undesired background due to lectin binding of antibodies. Using this technology, we demonstrated focused differential profiling of tissue-specific glycosylation changes of a biomarker, CA125 protein purified from ovarian cancer cell line and different tissues from ovarian cancer patients in a fast, reproducible, and high-throughput fashion. Highly sensitive CA125 detection was also demonstrated with a detection limit much lower than the clinical cutoff value for cancer diagnosis. This microfluidic platform holds the potential to integrate with sample preparation functions to construct a fully integrated "sample-to-answer" microsystem for focused differential glycomic analysis. Thus, our technology should present a powerful tool in support of rapid advance in glycobiology and glyco-biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Shang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Yun Zeng
- College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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35
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Silva MLS. Cancer serum biomarkers based on aberrant post-translational modifications of glycoproteins: Clinical value and discovery strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:165-77. [PMID: 26232626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increase in life expectancy in the last decades, as well as changes in lifestyle, cancer has become one of the most common diseases both in developed and developing countries. Early detection remains the most promising approach to improve long-term survival of cancer patients and this may be achieved by efficient screening of biomarkers in biological fluids. Great efforts have been made to identify specific alterations during oncogenesis. Changes at the cellular glycosylation profiles are among such alterations. The "glycosylation machinery" of cells is affected by malignant transformation due to the altered expression of glycogens, leading to changes in glycan biosynthesis and diversity. Alterations in the post-translational modifications of proteins that occur in cancer result in the expression of antigenically distinct glycoproteins. Therefore, these aberrant and cancer-specific glycoproteins and the autoantibodies that are produced in response to their presence constitute targets for cancer biomarkers' search. Different strategies have been implemented for the discovery of cancer glycobiomarkers and are herein reviewed, along with their potentialities and limitations. Practical issues related with serum analysis are also addressed, as well as the challenges that this area faces in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luísa S Silva
- Centre of Chemical Research, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México.
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36
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Bi X, Li D, Liu Z. Pattern recognition of monosaccharides via a virtual lectin array constructed by boronate affinity-based pH-featured encoding. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4442-7. [PMID: 25816054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lectin array is an important tool in the fields of carbohydrate chemistry, glycobiology, and glycomics. Because natural lectins are associated with some apparent disadvantages such as tedious purification and easy loss of activity, artificial materials are applied to overcome such shortages by mimicking and replacing lectins in an artificial lectin array, among which boronate affinity-based materials are very outstanding and widely used. However, complicated synthetic works are often involved to design and create boronate affinity-based lectin-mimics. In this work, a facile and novel method was proposed to establish a virtual lectin array based on boronate affinity-based pH-featured encoding for discrimination of monosaccharides by pattern recognition. The dependence of boronate affinity on environmental pH was selected to encode each monosaccharide for feature generation, and the pH-featured encoding was used to construct the virtual lectin array. On the basis of the virtual array, pattern recognition algorithms were applied for data analysis. Monosaccharides were discriminated by principal component analysis, and the relations in the virtual lectin array were unraveled by cluster analysis. In this proof-of-concept work, without complicated synthesis or preparation, the proposed method was successful in mimicking lectin array and discriminating nine elementary monosaccharides found in nature, and it was also a new way of encoding in expanding the applications of boronate affinity-based materials and methods in the field of biomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Daojin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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Pilobello KT, Agrawal P, Rouse R, Mahal LK. Advances in lectin microarray technology: optimized protocols for piezoelectric print conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:1-23. [PMID: 23788322 DOI: 10.1002/9780470559277.ch120035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lectin microarray technology has been used to profile the glycosylation of a multitude of biological and clinical samples, leading to new clinical biomarkers and advances in glycobiology. Lectin microarrays, which include >90 plant lectins, recombinant lectins, and selected antibodies, are used to profile N-linked, O-linked, and glycolipid glycans. The specificity and depth of glycan profiling depends upon the carbohydrate-binding proteins arrayed. The current set targets mammalian carbohydrates including fucose, high mannose, branched and complex N-linked, α- and β-galactose and GalNAc, α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acid, LacNAc, and Lewis X epitopes. Previous protocols have described the use of a contact microarray printer for lectin microarray production. Here, an updated protocol that uses a non-contact, piezoelectric printer, which leads to increased lectin activity on the array, is presented. Optimization of print and sample hybridization conditions and methods of analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanoelani T Pilobello
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, New York University, New York, USA
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38
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Sun X, Yang Z, Mu X, Zhang T. Effects of different fixatives on staining patterns of four lectins in cultured microvascular endothelial cells. J Histotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1179/2046023615y.0000000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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39
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Hirabayashi J, Tateno H, Shikanai T, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Narimatsu H. The Lectin Frontier Database (LfDB), and data generation based on frontal affinity chromatography. Molecules 2015; 20:951-73. [PMID: 25580689 PMCID: PMC6272529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a large group of carbohydrate-binding proteins, having been shown to comprise at least 48 protein scaffolds or protein family entries. They occur ubiquitously in living organisms—from humans to microorganisms, including viruses—and while their functions are yet to be fully elucidated, their main underlying actions are thought to mediate cell-cell and cell-glycoconjugate interactions, which play important roles in an extensive range of biological processes. The basic feature of each lectin’s function resides in its specific sugar-binding properties. In this regard, it is beneficial for researchers to have access to fundamental information about the detailed oligosaccharide specificities of diverse lectins. In this review, the authors describe a publicly available lectin database named “Lectin frontier DataBase (LfDB)”, which undertakes the continuous publication and updating of comprehensive data for lectin-standard oligosaccharide interactions in terms of dissociation constants (Kd’s). For Kd determination, an advanced system of frontal affinity chromatography (FAC) is used, with which quantitative datasets of interactions between immobilized lectins and >100 fluorescently labeled standard glycans have been generated. The FAC system is unique in its clear principle, simple procedure and high sensitivity, with an increasing number (>67) of associated publications that attest to its reliability. Thus, LfDB, is expected to play an essential role in lectin research, not only in basic but also in applied fields of glycoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirabayashi
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Shikanai
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Kiyoko F Aoki-Kinoshita
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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40
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Biophysical characterization of lectin–glycan interactions for therapeutics, vaccines and targeted drug-delivery. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:2113-29. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin–glycan interactions play a role in biological processes, host–pathogen interactions and in disease. A more detailed understanding of these interactions is not only useful for the elucidation of their biological function but can also be applied in immunology, drug development and delivery and diagnostics. We review some commonly used biophysical techniques for studying lectin–glycan interactions; namely: frontal affinity chromatography, glycan/lectin microarray, surface plasmon resonance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescent assays, enzyme linked lectin sorbent assay and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Each method is evaluated on efficiency, cost and throughput. We also consider the advantages and limitations of each technique and provide examples of their application in biology, drug discovery and delivery, immunology, glycoprofiling and biosensing.
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41
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Hirakawa T, Nasu K, Kai K, Aoyagi Y, Ishii T, Uemura T, Yano M, Narahara H. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-binding glycan expression is decreased in endometriomata. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:100. [PMID: 25344456 PMCID: PMC4219044 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications of eukaryotic proteins and is known to undergo dynamic changes in a wide range of biological processes. To date, however, the glycan expression profiles in endometriosis are largely unknown. The objective of the study was to identify the panel of glycans that were aberrantly expressed in endometriosis, a hormone-dependent disease. METHODS The glycan expression profiles in primary cultured human endometriotic cyst stromal cells (ECSCs) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESCs) were determined by lectin microarray analysis. Distribution of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)-binding glycans in ovarian endometriotic cysts and eutopic proliferative phase endometrium were assessed by lectin histochemistry. The expressions of N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases that synthesize WFA-binding glycans were evaluated in ECSCs and NESCs. RESULTS We found that the levels of WFA-binding glycans were decreased in ECSCs. Lectin histochemistry revealed that WFA-binding glycans were decreased only in the stromal components of the ovarian endometriotic cysts, but not in the epithelial components, compared to the eutopic proliferative phase endometrium. The expressions of N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases that synthesize WFA-binding glycans were downregulated in ECSCs. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing lectin microarray analysis and lectin histochemistry, we found that WFA-binding glycans were decreased in endometriosis. The synthetic enzymes of WFA-binding glycans were significantly downregulated in ECSCs. It is suggested that reduced expression of N-glycans with WFA-binding properties on ECSCs is a novel characteristics of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hirakawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi Oita, 879-5593 Japan
| | - Kaei Nasu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi Oita, 879-5593 Japan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Support System for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi Oita, 879-5593 Japan
| | - Kentaro Kai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi Oita, 879-5593 Japan
| | - Yoko Aoyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi Oita, 879-5593 Japan
| | - Terukazu Ishii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi Oita, 879-5593 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Uemura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi Oita, 879-5593 Japan
| | - Mitsutake Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi Oita, 879-5593 Japan
| | - Hisashi Narahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi Oita, 879-5593 Japan
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42
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Chen X, He Y, Zhang Y, Liu M, Liu Y, Li J. Ultrasensitive detection of cancer cells and glycan expression profiling based on a multivalent recognition and alkaline phosphatase-responsive electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:11196-11203. [PMID: 25123148 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A multivalent recognition and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-responsive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for cancer cell detection and in situ evaluation of cell surface glycan expression was developed on a poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer-conjugated, chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrode interface. In this strategy, the multivalency and high affinity of the cell-targeted aptamers on rGO provided a highly efficient cell recognition platform on the electrode. The ALP and concanavalin A (Con A) coated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) nanoprobes allowed the ALP enzyme-catalyzed production of phenols that inhibited the ECL reaction of Ru(bpy)3(2+) on the rGO electrode interface, affording fast and highly sensitive ECL cytosensing and cell surface glycan evaluation. Combining the multivalent aptamer interface and ALP nanoprobes, the ECL cytosensor showed a detection limit of 38 CCRF-CEM cells per mL in human serum samples, broad dynamic range and excellent selectivity. In addition, the proposed biosensor provided a valuable insight into dynamic profiling of the expression of different glycans on cell surfaces, based on the carbohydrates recognized by lectins applied to the nanoprobes. This biosensor exhibits great promise in clinical diagnosis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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43
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Structure and Function of Carbohydrate-Binding Module Families 13 and 42 of Glycoside Hydrolases, Comprising a β-Trefoil Fold. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:1363-71. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Craig D, McAughtrie S, Simpson J, McCraw C, Faulds K, Graham D. Confocal SERS Mapping of Glycan Expression for the Identification of Cancerous Cells. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4775-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4038762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Craig
- Centre for Molecular
Nanometrology, WestCHEM,
Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Sarah McAughtrie
- Centre for Molecular
Nanometrology, WestCHEM,
Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Jonathan Simpson
- Centre for Molecular
Nanometrology, WestCHEM,
Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Corinna McCraw
- Centre for Molecular
Nanometrology, WestCHEM,
Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular
Nanometrology, WestCHEM,
Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular
Nanometrology, WestCHEM,
Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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45
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Baycin Hizal D, Wolozny D, Colao J, Jacobson E, Tian Y, Krag SS, Betenbaugh MJ, Zhang H. Glycoproteomic and glycomic databases. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:15. [PMID: 24725457 PMCID: PMC3996109 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation serves critical roles in the cellular and biological processes of many organisms. Aberrant glycosylation has been associated with many illnesses such as hereditary and chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and immunological disorders. Emerging mass spectrometry (MS) technologies that enable the high-throughput identification of glycoproteins and glycans have accelerated the analysis and made possible the creation of dynamic and expanding databases. Although glycosylation-related databases have been established by many laboratories and institutions, they are not yet widely known in the community. Our study reviews 15 different publicly available databases and identifies their key elements so that users can identify the most applicable platform for their analytical needs. These databases include biological information on the experimentally identified glycans and glycopeptides from various cells and organisms such as human, rat, mouse, fly and zebrafish. The features of these databases - 7 for glycoproteomic data, 6 for glycomic data, and 2 for glycan binding proteins are summarized including the enrichment techniques that are used for glycoproteome and glycan identification. Furthermore databases such as Unipep, GlycoFly, GlycoFish recently established by our group are introduced. The unique features of each database, such as the analytical methods used and bioinformatical tools available are summarized. This information will be a valuable resource for the glycobiology community as it presents the analytical methods and glycosylation related databases together in one compendium. It will also represent a step towards the desired long term goal of integrating the different databases of glycosylation in order to characterize and categorize glycoproteins and glycans better for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Baycin Hizal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Wolozny
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Colao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elena Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon S Krag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hirabayashi J, Kuno A, Tateno H. Development and Applications of the Lectin Microarray. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 367:105-24. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Donczo B, Kerekgyarto J, Szurmai Z, Guttman A. Glycan microarrays: new angles and new strategies. Analyst 2014; 139:2650-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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48
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Kruss S, Hilmer AJ, Zhang J, Reuel NF, Mu B, Strano MS. Carbon nanotubes as optical biomedical sensors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1933-50. [PMID: 23906934 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are important tools in biomedical research. Moreover, they are becoming an essential part of modern healthcare. In the future, biosensor development will become even more crucial due to the demand for personalized-medicine, point-of care devices and cheaper diagnostic tools. Substantial advances in sensor technology are often fueled by the advent of new materials. Therefore, nanomaterials have motivated a large body of research and such materials have been implemented into biosensor devices. Among these new materials carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are especially promising building blocks for biosensors due to their unique electronic and optical properties. Carbon nanotubes are rolled-up cylinders of carbon monolayers (graphene). They can be chemically modified in such a way that biologically relevant molecules can be detected with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this review article we will discuss how carbon nanotubes can be used to create biosensors. We review the latest advancements of optical carbon nanotube based biosensors with a special focus on near-infrared (NIR)-fluorescence, Raman-scattering and fluorescence quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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49
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Reuel NF, Grassbaugh B, Kruss S, Mundy JZ, Opel C, Ogunniyi AO, Egodage K, Wahl R, Helk B, Zhang J, Kalcioglu ZI, Tvrdy K, Bellisario DO, Mu B, Blake SS, Van Vliet KJ, Love JC, Wittrup KD, Strano MS. Emergent properties of nanosensor arrays: applications for monitoring IgG affinity distributions, weakly affined hypermannosylation, and colony selection for biomanufacturing. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7472-7482. [PMID: 23909808 DOI: 10.1021/nn403215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that an array of addressable sensors can be multiplexed for the label-free detection of a library of analytes. However, such arrays have useful properties that emerge from the ensemble, even when monofunctionalized. As examples, we show that an array of nanosensors can estimate the mean and variance of the observed dissociation constant (KD), using three different examples of binding IgG with Protein A as the recognition site, including polyclonal human IgG (KD μ = 19 μM, σ(2) = 1000 mM(2)), murine IgG (KD μ = 4.3 nM, σ(2) = 3 μM(2)), and human IgG from CHO cells (KD μ = 2.5 nM, σ(2) = 0.01 μM(2)). Second, we show that an array of nanosensors can uniquely monitor weakly affined analyte interactions via the increased number of observed interactions. One application involves monitoring the metabolically induced hypermannosylation of human IgG from CHO using PSA-lectin conjugated sensor arrays where temporal glycosylation patterns are measured and compared. Finally, the array of sensors can also spatially map the local production of an analyte from cellular biosynthesis. As an example, we rank productivity of IgG-producing HEK colonies cultured directly on the array of nanosensors itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel F Reuel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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50
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Gerlach JQ, Krüger A, Gallogly S, Hanley SA, Hogan MC, Ward CJ, Joshi L, Griffin MD. Surface glycosylation profiles of urine extracellular vesicles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74801. [PMID: 24069349 PMCID: PMC3777961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are released by cells throughout the nephron and contain biomolecules from their cells of origin. Although uEV-associated proteins and RNA have been studied in detail, little information exists regarding uEV glycosylation characteristics. Surface glycosylation profiling by flow cytometry and lectin microarray was applied to uEVs enriched from urine of healthy adults by ultracentrifugation and centrifugal filtration. The carbohydrate specificity of lectin microarray profiles was confirmed by competitive sugar inhibition and carbohydrate-specific enzyme hydrolysis. Glycosylation profiles of uEVs and purified Tamm Horsfall protein were compared. In both flow cytometry and lectin microarray assays, uEVs demonstrated surface binding, at low to moderate intensities, of a broad range of lectins whether prepared by ultracentrifugation or centrifugal filtration. In general, ultracentrifugation-prepared uEVs demonstrated higher lectin binding intensities than centrifugal filtration-prepared uEVs consistent with lesser amounts of co-purified non-vesicular proteins. The surface glycosylation profiles of uEVs showed little inter-individual variation and were distinct from those of Tamm Horsfall protein, which bound a limited number of lectins. In a pilot study, lectin microarray was used to compare uEVs from individuals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease to those of age-matched controls. The lectin microarray profiles of polycystic kidney disease and healthy uEVs showed differences in binding intensity of 6/43 lectins. Our results reveal a complex surface glycosylation profile of uEVs that is accessible to lectin-based analysis following multiple uEV enrichment techniques, is distinct from co-purified Tamm Horsfall protein and may demonstrate disease-specific modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Q. Gerlach
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anja Krüger
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susan Gallogly
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shirley A. Hanley
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marie C. Hogan
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Ward
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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