Association of the IL-10 and IL-18 polymorphisms with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk

Objective

To evaluate the possible association of the cytokine polymorphisms with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search of electronic databases from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI. Articles related to the cytokine polymorphisms in patients with NPC and healthy controls from inception to 1 April 2024 were included. The results were analysed independently by two reviewers using RevMan 5.4 software. Summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate cancer risk.

Results

Our results showed that IL-10 1082A>G showed a significant difference only in the Dominant model, but in the Asian population, a significant difference was shown in all models. IL-18 607C>A polymorphism showed significant differences in the Allele model, Heterozygote model, and Homozygote model. In addition, the IL-18 137G>C polymorphism showed significant differences in all models. No statistically significant association was found between IL-8 251A>T, IL-10 819T>C polymorphism, and the risk of NPC.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis results suggest that the IL-18 607C>A and IL-18 137G>C polymorphism are associated with the increased risk of NPC, and IL-10-1082 A/G polymorphism is associated with the increased risk of NPC in Asian populations.

Association of IL10 gene SNVs rs1800896 (A>G), rs1800871 (C>T), rs1800872 (C>A) and haplotypes with COVID-19 severity and outcome in the Brazilian population

BACKGROUND

Elevated concentrations of IL-10 have been detected in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and are a possible disease severity marker. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and their haplotypes can be associated with differences in IL-10 levels and with viral disease susceptibility.

AIM

Evaluate the associations of SNVs and their haplotypes in Brazilian patients with COVID-19 severity and outcome.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional and case-control study, the patients were selected from the University Hospital of State University of Londrina (HU-UEL) (n = 367) and were subdivided into mild (n = 165), moderate (n = 72) and severe (n = 130) groups. The DNA samples of the participants were subjected to real-time PCR for the detection of rs1800896 (A>G), rs1800871 (C>T) and rs1800872 (C>A) genotypes. The haplotypes were inferred with PHASE v2.1.1.

RESULTS

The severe cases of COVID-19 were independently associated with the GG genotype (rs1800896) (P = 0.038, OR 2.522, 95 % CI 1.053-6.038) as well as with the GCC haplotype in homozygosity (P = 0.037, OR 2.767, 95 % CI 1.065-7.191).

CONCLUSION

These results showed that the GG genotype of rs1800896 or the GCC haplotype are associated with COVID-19 severity in Brazilian patients.

Small secretory proteins of immune cells can modulate gynecological cancers

Small secretory proteins of immune cells are mostly Cytokines, which include chemokines, interleukins, interferons, lymphokines and tumor necrosis factors but not hormones or growth factors. These secretory proteins are the molecular messengers and primarily involved in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents. Hence, these proteins actually regulate the cells of immune system to communicate with one another to produce a synchronized, robust, still self-regulated response to a specific antigen. Chemokines are smaller secreted proteins that control overall immune cell movement and location; these chemokines are divided into 4 subgroups, namely, CXC, CC, CX3C and C according to the position of 4 conserved cysteine residues. Complete characterization of cytokines and chemokines can exploit their vast signaling networks to develop cancer treatments. These secretory proteins like IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNFα, CCL2, CXCL4 & CXCL8 are predominantly expressed in most of the gynecological cancers, which directly stimulate immune effector cells and stromal cells at the tumor site and augment tumor cell recognition by cytotoxic T-cells. Hence; these secretory proteins are the major regulators, which can actually modulate all kinds of gynecological cancers. Furthermore, advancements in adoptive T-cell treatment have relied on the use of multiple cytokines/chemokines to establish a highly regulated environment for anti-tumor T cell growth. A number of in vitro studies as well as animal models and clinical subjects have also shown that cytokines/chemokines have broad antitumor activity, which has been translated into a number of cancer therapy approaches. This review will focus on the foremost cytokines & chemokines involved in the majority of the gynecological malignancies and discuss their basic biology as well as clinical applications.

Genetic Variants in Interleukin-10 Gene Association with Susceptibility and Cervical Cancer Development: A Case Control Study

Objectives  Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most destructive disease caused by persistent HPV infection which affects women worldwide, especially in developing countries. The genetic basis of host immune response especially cytokine function has been shown to influence CC susceptibility. Studies have demonstrated that IL-10 gene polymorphism have been associated with numerous malignancies, but in context to CC results were inconclusive. Though, aim of our study to investigate the association between IL-10 -1082A/G and -819C/T promoter polymorphism and CC susceptibility.

Material and Methods  This study comprised 192 women with CC and 200 controls. HPV detection was done by RT-PCR and genotyping was assessed through PCR-RFLP method. Serum concentration of IL-10 measured by ELISA.

Results  Women with AG and AG+GG genotypes of IL-10 -1082A/G had two-fold increased risk of CC [OR, 2.35 (95% CI, 1.54–3.58), p  = 0.005], [OR, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.36–3.04), p  = 0.0005] compared to controls. Women with G allele of -1082A/G polymorphism had linked with CC susceptibility [OR, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.02–1.88), p  = 0.036] compared to controls. No significant difference was found between patients and controls in the genotype or allele frequencies of IL–10 -819C/T polymorphism [OR, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.63–1.58), p  = 0.99]. The level of serum concentration of IL-10 was significantly higher in cases compared to controls.

Conclusion  These findings help to understand that polymorphism of IL-10 -1082A/G gene is associated with increased risk of CC development and can serve as a marker of genetic susceptibility to CC.

Association of a genetic variant in Interleukin-10 gene with increased risk and inflammation associated with cervical cancer

BACKGROUND

Cervical-cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer and altered serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. We have explored the association between a genetic variation in the Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene (rs1800896) and cervical cancer risk and its relationship with tissue Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations in women with cervical cancer.

METHODS

A total of 315 women with, or without cervical cancer, were recruited into the study. DNA was extracted from cervical cells, and genotyping was undertaken using Taq-man real-time PCR. The genotype frequency and allele distribution were analyzed together with their association with pathological data. The association of the rs1800896 gene variation with tissue levels of the inflammatory cytokines was also investigated.

RESULTS

Our data showed a significant association between the A allele of the rs1800896 gene variant and the presence of cervical cancer. In particular, patients with AG/AA genotypes had an increased risk of cervical cancer with an odds ratio of 1.929 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.879-4.23, P < 0.001) in a recessive model, compared with the GG genotype. Also, the tissue concentrations of IFN-γ, TGF-β, and TNF-α in cervical tissues were significantly higher in women with cervical cancer (P < 0.001) and were associated with the AA genotype.

CONCLUSION

We have found an association between the polymorphism rs1800896 in the IL-10 gene and an increased risk of cervical cancer as well as a higher level of tissue inflammatory cytokines. Further investigations are necessary on the value of emerging biomarkers for the risk stratification for the management of cervical cancer patients.

Genetic Predisposition to Persistent Human Papillomavirus-Infection and Virus-Induced Cancers

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted pathogens worldwide and among the more than 200 identified HPV types, approximately 15 high risk (HR-HPV) types are oncogenic, being strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer, anogenital cancers and an increasing fraction of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). HPV-associated cervix cancer accounts for 83% of HPV-attributable cancers, and more than two-thirds of those cases occur in developing countries. Despite the high frequency of HPV infections, in most cases, the virus is cleared by the host immune response and only a small proportion of infected individuals develop persistent infections that can result in malignant transformation, indicating that other elements, including biological, genetic and environmental factors may influence the individual susceptibility to HPV-associated cancers. Previous studies have quantified that heritability, in the form of genetic variants, common in the general population, is implicated in nearly 30% of cervical cancers and a large number of studies conducted across various populations have identified genetic variants that appear to be associated with genes that predispose or protect the host to HPV infections thereby affecting individual susceptibility to HPV-associated cancers. In this article, we provide an overview of gene association studies on HPV-associated cancers with emphasis on genome-wide association study (GWAS) that have identified novel genetic factors linked to HPV infection or HPV-associated cancers.

In situ immunopathological events in human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: Review

Neoplasia of the cervix represents one of the most common cancers in women. Clinical and molecular research has identified immunological impairment in squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and cervical cancer patients. The in-situ expression of several cytokines by uterine epithelial cells and by infiltrating leukocytes occurs during the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Some of these cytokines can prevent and others can induce the progression of the neoplasm. The infiltrating leukocytes also produce cytokines and growth factors relate to angiogenesis, chemotaxis, and apoptosis capable of modulating the dysplasia progression. In this review we analyzed several interleukins with an inductive effect or blocking effect on the neoplastic progression. We also analyze the genetic polymorphism of some cytokines and their relationship with the risk of developing cervical neoplasia. In addition, we describe the leukocyte cells that infiltrate the cervical uterine tissue during the neoplasia and their effects on neoplasia progression.

Association of Polymorphisms in Cytokine genes with susceptibility to Precancerous Lesions and Cervical Cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes and the susceptibility to Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL), cervical cancer and HPV infection through a systematic review with meta-analysis. To verify the effect of SNPs, we also analyzed the transcription factor binding affinity using bioinformatics tools.Methods: Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scielo, BIREME, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct) were searched for case-control studies.Results: A total of 35 relevant case-control studies were meta-analyzed, including 7 cytokine genes and 15 SNPs. SNPs in IL-17A (rs2275913, rs3748067); IL-17 F (rs763780); IL-12A (rs568408); IL-12B (rs3212227); TNFA (rs1800629, rs361525); IL-1B (rs16944); IL-6 (rs1800795); IL-10 (rs1800896) genes were associated with increased risk for cervical cancer. No association was observed between meta-analyzed polymorphisms and SIL. Additional bioinformatics analysis suggested a possible transcriptional regulation pathway of the TNFA and IL-10 genes through the MZF1 (TNFA -308 G > A and IL-10 - 1082A>G) and ZNF263 (TNFA -238 G > A) transcription factors binding.Conclusion: Overall, 10 SNPs in cytokine genes were associated with increased risk for cervical cancer. Therefore, in our meta-analysis, these SNPs demonstrated to be potential biomarkers for predicting or identifying cases of high risk for SIL and cervical cancer.

Time-series clustering of cytokine expression after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Cytokines play an important role in the development of tumors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms and cytokine level changes after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) program was utilized to cluster cytokine expression profiles from the day before TACE to day 21 post-TACE. Based on the identified significant signatures, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed. Cytokines were serially monitored in 60 evaluable patients to identify the results of the STEM program. Examination of the significant signatures identified 6 significant time-varied expression patterns for 507 cytokines (profiles 16, 18, 28, 41, 42 and 43). GO analysis was enriched in 'cytokine receptor-binding' and 'cytokine receptor activity', and the identified signaling pathways included 'cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction' and the 'JAK-STAT signaling pathway'. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) level was increased early after TACE, reaching a peak on day 7 before finally decreasing from day 14 onwards, and was significantly positively correlated with aminotransferase level. Serum levels of pre-TACE IL-10 predicted the local tumor response and overall survival (OS) of the patients, while serum levels of post-TACE IL-1β only indicated the local tumor response of the patient. Overall, the present study identified cytokine time-series expression profiles of patients with HCC undergoing TACE. Early phase increases in CNTF after TACE were associated with post-treatment hepatic injury. IL-1β may reflect an objective response after TACE, while IL-10 may represent a biomarker for OS and the objective response pre-TACE, which may help patients with HCC to benefit from TACE.

Interleukin-10 (1082G/A) Polymorphism is Associated with Susceptibility of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Sudanese Population

Background:

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a multifunctional cytokine with both immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenicfunctions and may have both tumor-promoting and -inhibiting properties. We examined the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IL-10-1082G/A (rs1800896) in Sudanese acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and to assess the association between polymorphisms in IL-10 -1082G/A (rs1800896) and the hematological profile in Sudanese patients with AML.

Methods:

A total of 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and 30 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected from all patients in EDTA containing tubes. Genomic DNA was extracted from all blood samples using salting out method. The genotypic variants of IL-10 (-1082G/A) polymorphism were detected by allele specific-PCR.

Results:

We found that (36.7%) of patients have homogenous GG genotype, (43.3%) have heterogeneous GA genotype and (20.0%) have AA genotype. GA genotype was significantly associated with higher risk of AML compared with the homozygous Genotypes (GG and AA), there is no association between IL-10 (-1082G/A) polymorphism and AML sub-type, gender, age group, mean of hematological parameters.

Conclusion:

Our study concluded that GA genotype of IL-10 -1082G/A (rs1800896) polymorphism is a risk factor for AML and G allele is insignificantly higher than A allele in AML patient. No association between IL-10 (-1082G/A) polymorphism and AML sub-type, gender, age group, mean of hematological parameters.

Genetic Susceptibility for Cervical Cancer in African Populations: What Are the Host Genetic Drivers?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an essential but not a sufficient cervical cancer etiological factor. Cancer promoters, such as host genetic mutations, significantly modulate therapeutic responses and susceptibility. In cervical cancer, of interest have been viral clearing genes and HPV oncoprotein targets, for which conflicting data have been reported among different populations. This expert analysis evaluates cervical cancer genetic susceptibility biomarkers studied in African populations. Notably, the past decade has seen Africa as a hotbed of biomarker and precision medicine innovations, thus potentially informing worldwide biomarker development strategies. We conducted a critical literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for case-control studies reporting on cervical cancer genetic polymorphisms among Africans. We found that seven African countries conducted cervical cancer molecular epidemiology studies in one of Casp8, p53, CCR2, FASL, HLA, IL10, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha genes. This analysis reveals a remarkable gap in cervical cancer molecular epidemiology among Africans, whereas cervical cancer continues to disproportionately have an impact on African populations. Genome-wide association, whole exome- and whole-genome sequencing studies confirmed the contribution of candidate genes in cervical cancer. With such advances and omics technologies, the role of genetic susceptibility biomarkers can be exploited to develop novel interventions to improve current screening, diagnostic and prognostic methods worldwide. Exploring these genetic variations is crucial because African populations are genetically diverse and some variants or their combined effects are yet to be discovered and translated into tangible clinical applications. Thus, translational medicine and flourishing system sciences in Africa warrant further emphasis in the coming decade.

Significant association between interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Previous studies have suggested that interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms may be associated with an increased risk of developing cervical cancer. However, the published results on this subject matter are controversial. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of published reports to more precisely investigate the relationship between IL-10 polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk. Five online databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of SCI, CNKI and Wanfang) were searched, and seventeen articles with sufficient quantitative information were included in our meta-analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between IL-10 polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk. Publication bias, sensitivity and cumulative analyses were also performed to support our findings. Overall, there was a significant association between the IL-10 -1082A > G polymorphism and cervical cancer risk observed in the total population (G vs. A: OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.12–2.29, P = 0.01, I² = 92.3%; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04-1.74, P = 0.03, I² = 65.9%; AG + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.11–2.25, P = 0.01, I² = 84.4%), and the same results were obtained in the subgroup analysis. Moreover, the IL-10 -819 T > C polymorphism exhibited a significant, protective effect against cervical cancer. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that IL-10 polymorphisms may play a variety of roles in regard to cervical cancer risk, especially in Asians.

ASSOCIATION OF INTERLEUKIN-10 -1082 A/G (RS1800896) POLYMORPHISM WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GASTRIC CANCER: META-ANALYSIS OF 6,101 CASES AND 8,557 CONTROLS

BACKGROUND

The promoter -1082 A/G (rs1800896) polymorphism of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene have been widely reported and considered to have a significant role on gastric cancer risk, but the results are inconsistent.

OBJECTIVE

To clarify the association, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the associations IL-10 -1082 A/G polymorphism with gastric cancer.

METHODS

Eligible articles were identified by searching databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to August 03, 2017. Odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association.

RESULTS

A total of 30 case-control studies with 6,101 cases and 8,557 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association between IL-10 -1082 A/G polymorphism and gastric cancer risk was observed under the allele model (G vs A: OR=1.305, 95% CI=1.076-1.584; P=0.007), heterozygote model and (GA vs AA: OR=1.252, 95% CI=1.252-1.054; P=0.011) and dominant model (GG+GA vs AA: OR=1.264, 95% CI=1.053-1.516; P=0.012). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, increased gastric cancer risk were found in Asians under the allele model (G vs A: OR=1.520, 95% CI=1.172-1.973; P=0.002), homozygote model (GG+GA vs AA: OR=1.571, 95% CI=1.023-2.414; P= 0.039), heterozygote model (GA vs AA: OR=1.465, 95% CI=1.192-1.801; P≤0.001) and dominant model (GG+GA vs AA: OR=1.448, 95% CI=1.152-1.821; P=0.002), but not among Caucasian and Latinos populations.

CONCLUSION

These results suggested that the IL-10 -1082 A/G (rs1800896) polymorphism might contribute to the gastric cancer susceptibility, especially among Asians.

Cervical Carcinogenesis and Immune Response Gene Polymorphisms: A Review

The local immune response is considered a key determinant in cervical carcinogenesis after persistent infection with oncogenic, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Genetic variation in various immune response genes has been shown to influence risk of developing cervical cancer, as well as progression and survival among cervical cancer patients. We reviewed the literature on associations of immunogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism, allele, genotype, and haplotype distributions with risk and progression of cervical cancer. Studies on HLA and KIR gene polymorphisms were excluded due to the abundance on literature on that subject. We show that multiple genes and loci are associated with variation in risk of cervical cancer. Rather than one single gene being responsible for cervical carcinogenesis, we postulate that variations in the different immune response genes lead to subtle differences in the effectiveness of the antiviral and antitumour immune responses, ultimately leading to differences in risk of developing cervical cancer and progressive disease after HPV infection.

Association of the recurrence and canceration rate of vocal leukoplakia with interleukin-10 promoter variants over a 2-year period

Conclusion This study indicates that IL-10 promoter polymorphism variants, smoking, and alcohol consumption increase the risk of recurrence and canceration in vocal leukoplakia. Objective This prospective, clinical trial was performed to evaluate the association of interleukin (IL)-10 promoter polymorphism variants and canceration and recurrence rates in vocal leukoplakia (a pre-cancerous laryngeal carcinoma lesion) over a 2-year period. Participants and method Sixty-one post-operative patients with vocal leukoplakia were enrolled in this prospective, observational study and genotyped for the IL-10 promoter gene (IL-10-1082 A/G, -819 T/C and -592 A/C) using pyrosequencing, and responded to a 2-year follow-up survey. Recurrence and canceration rates were used to evaluate the association between the genotype variants and the clinical outcome. Results There was an increased canceration rate in the variant genotype group compared to that in the normal genotype group in the 2-year follow-up period (18.4% vs 0%, p-value = 0.038). Compared with the non-smoker group, the smoker group had a higher recurrence rate of vocal leukoplakia (29.3% vs 5%, p-value =0.044). Likewise, the recurrence rate in the alcohol consumption group was also higher (30.6% vs 8%, p-value =0.034). The percentage of cancerization in the alcohol consumption group was significantly higher than that in the non-alcohol consumption group (19.4% vs 0%, p-value =0.035).

Risk allelic load in Th2 and Th3 cytokines genes as biomarker of susceptibility to HPV-16 positive cervical cancer: a case control study

Background

Alterations in the host cellular immune response allow persistent infections with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and development of premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer (CC). Variations of immunosuppressive cytokine levels in cervix are associated with the natural history of CC. To assess the potential role of genetic host immunity and cytokines serum levels in the risk of developing CC, we conducted a case–control study paired by age.

Methods

Peripheral blood samples from patients with CC (n = 200) and hospital controls (n = 200), were used to evaluate nine biallelic SNPs of six cytokine genes of the adaptive immune system by allelic discrimination and cytokines serum levels by ELISA.

Results

After analyzing the SNP association by multivariate logistic regression adjusted by age, CC history and smoking history, three Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) and one Th3 (TGFB1) cytokine were significantly associated with CC. Individuals with at least one copy of the following risk alleles: T of SNP (−590C > T IL-4), C of SNP (−573G > C IL-6), A of SNP (−592C > A IL-10), T of SNP (−819C > T IL-10) and T of SNP (−509C > T TGFB1), had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.08 (95 % CI 1.475–2.934, p = 0.0001), an OR of 1.70 (95 % CI 1.208–2.404, p = 0.002), an OR of 1.87 (95 % CI 1.332–2.630, p = 0.0001), an OR of 1.67 (95 % CI 1.192–2.353, p = 0.003) and an OR of 1.91 (95 % CI 1.354–2.701, p = 0.0001), respectively, for CC. The burden of carrying two or more of these risk alleles was found to have an additive effect on the risk of CC (p trend = 0.0001). Finally, the serum levels of Th2 and Th3 cytokines were higher in CC cases than the controls; whereas IFNG levels, a Th1 cytokine, were higher in controls than CC cases.

Conclusion

The significant associations of five SNPs with CC indicate that these polymorphisms are potential candidates for predicting the risk of development of CC, representing a risk allelic load for CC and can be used as a biomarker of susceptibility to this disease.

Circulating interleukin-10 levels and human papilloma virus and Epstein-Barr virus-associated cancers: evidence from a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis based on 11,170 subjects

Recent studies have showed interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a critical cytokine that determines antiviral immune response and is related to virus-associated cancers. However, whether genetically elevated circulating IL-10 levels are associated with the risk of human papilloma virus and Epstein–Barr virus-associated cancers (HEACs) is still unclear. Mendelian randomization method was implemented to meta-analyze available observational studies by employing IL-10 three variants (−592C>A, −819C>T, and −1082A>G) as instruments. A total of 24 articles encompassing 11,170 subjects were ultimately eligible for the meta-analysis. Overall, there was a significant association between IL-10 promoter variant −1082A>G and HEACs under allelic and dominant models (both P<0.01). Subgroup analysis by cancer type indicated that the risk estimate of −1082A>G was significant for nasopharyngeal cancer under allelic, homozygous genotypic and dominant models (all P<0.001). Moreover by ethnicity, carriers of −1082G allele had a 74% increased risk for nasopharyngeal cancer in Asians under dominant model (odds ratio [OR] =1.737; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.280–2.358; P<0.001). In further Mendelian randomization analysis, the predicted OR for 10 pg/mL increment in IL-10 levels was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01–16.99) in HEACs. Our findings provided strong evidence for a critical role of genetically elevated circulating IL-10 levels in the development of HEACs, especially in Asian population and for nasopharyngeal cancer.

IL-10 gene promoter and intron polymorphisms as genetic biomarkers of cervical cancer susceptibility among Tunisians

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the association between polymorphisms in the promoter and intron regions of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene with the risk of cervical cancer (CC) in Tunisian patients and control women.

METHODS

Study subjects comprised 86 CC cases and 126 control women. Genotyping of IL-10 intron (rs3024491, rs3024490) and promoter (rs1800872, rs1800871, rs1800896) variants was done by real-time PCR, with defined clusters.

RESULTS

The minor allele frequencies of the five tested IL-10 SNPs were not significantly different between cervical cancer cases and control women. However, significantly higher frequencies of homozygous minor allele-carriers in cases was seen for rs3024490 (P=0.023), rs1800872 (P=0.037), and rs1800871 (P=0.028). IL-10 serum levels were significantly reduced in rs3024490 T/T vs. G/G genotype carriers, and in rs1800871 T/T than C/C genotype carriers. While carriage of rs1800872 and rs3024491 minor allele was associated with reduced IL-10 secretion, this was not statistically significant. Haploview analysis demonstrated high linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the IL10 SNPs studied, and only seven haplotypes were common, capturing 98.8% of the total possible haplotypes. Reduced frequency of haplotypes GTCCA (P<0.001) and TGATG (P<0.001) was seen in cervical cancer cases than in control women, thus conferring disease protection nature to these haplotype. This association remained significant for GTCCA (Pc=0.006) and TGATG (P=0.045) after correcting for multiple comparisons.

CONCLUSION

Specific IL-10 variants (rs3024490, rs1800872, and rs1800871) and haplotype (GTCCA and TGATG) may contribute to the development of cervical cancer among Tunisian women.

Pathologic patterns of interleukin 10 expression--a review

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is important pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine which gene is located on chromosome 1 at 1q31-32. There are many genetic variants of IL-10 gene. However, the most studied are two dinucleotide repeats (microsatellites), IL10.G and IL10.R, located 1.2 kb and 4 kb upstream of the transcription start site and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -1082(G/A), -819(C/T) and -592(C/A). A large number of studies have shown that IL-10 gene polymorphisms are associated with different diseases and play an important role in pathophysiology and clinical course of these diseases. This review summarizes published literature knowledge about the association of IL-10 polymorphisms and expression patterns with asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and some neoplasms.

Association of IL-10 GTC haplotype with serum level and HPV infection in the development of cervical carcinoma

AIM

Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the developing countries like India. In addition to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, host genetic factors play an important role in viral persistence and neoplastic growth. IL-10, a multifunctional cytokine, plays an active role to promote tumor growth in the presence of HPV. The present study aims to find out the impact of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms at -1082A/G (rs1800896), -819C/T (rs1800872), and -592C/A (rs1800871) sites along with IL-10 production and HPV infection in the progression of cervical cancer.

METHODS

We have genotyped a total of 506 subjects, 256 cases (208 cervical cancer + 48 precancer), and 250 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method followed by sequencing. IL-10 serum concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

The frequency of IL-10 -592 variant genotype (AA) was found significantly reduced in cases as compare to controls while -1082 variant genotype (GG) was found ~4-fold higher risk of cervical cancer (p = <0.0001, OR = 3.667, 95% CI = 2.329-5.773). On construction of haplotypes, GTC haplotype was emerged as a major risk haplotype while ACA haplotype was seemed as a marker for precancerous lesions. IL-10 serum concentration was observed higher in HPV-infected precancer and cancer cases. GTC haplotype was found to be coupled with higher serum concentration of IL-10 and HPV infection.

CONCLUSION

IL-10 polymorphisms play a role in cervical cancer development and that GTC haplotype, which is closely related to its serum concentration, maybe a useful biomarker for HPV-mediated cervical cancer.

Interleukin-10 gene –1082 G/A polymorphism in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Meta-analysis

Objectives

To assess the association between polymorphism in the interleukin (IL)-10 promoter region of 1082 G/A and the risk of cervical cancer and/or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), using meta-analysis.

Methods

The electronic literature databases PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, CBMdisc and CNKI were searched for relevant studies. The strength of association between IL-10 gene −1082 G/A polymorphism and cervical cancer and/or CIN was measured using pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals in four genetic models: allelic model (A allele versus G allele); additive model (A/A versus G/G); recessive model (A/A versus G/A+G/G); dominant model (A/A+G/A versus G/G).

Results

Eight studies involving 1983 cases and 1618 controls were identified and included in the meta-analysis. No significant associations were found between IL-10 gene −1082 G/A polymorphism and cervical cancer and/or CIN in any of the genetic models.

Conclusions

IL-10 gene −1082 G/A polymorphism does not appear to be associated with the risk of cervical cancer and/or CIN.

Association of interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms and corresponding plasma levels with susceptibility to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Interleukin (IL)-10 is critically involved in tumorigenesis. In the present study, the association between the IL-10 −1082/−819/−592 promoter polymorphisms, the plasma IL-10 levels and the risk of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) was investigated in a prospective, case-control study. In total, 146 patients with LSCC, 61 with vocal leukoplakia and 119 healthy controls were genotyped for the IL-10 gene (IL-10 −1082 A/G, −819 T/C and −592 A/C) using pyrosequencing, and their plasma IL-10 levels were analyzed by ELISA. The patients with LSCC had a significantly higher frequency of AC at position −592 and −819 (OR, 1.82 and P=0.024) compared with the control, and a higher frequency of AG at position −1082 (OR, 2.20 and P=0.037). The patients with advanced LSCC had a significantly higher frequency of AG+GG at position −1082 compared with those with early-stage LSCC (OR, 3.13 and P=0.008 vs. OR, 2.06 and P=0.068). The patients with lymph node metastasis had a significantly higher frequency of AG+GG at position −1082 compared with the patients with no lymph node metastasis (OR, 2.97 and P=0.048 vs. OR, 2.23 and P=0.035). In addition, the patients with high frequencies of each genotype polymorphism had high plasma IL-10 concentrations. The present study indicates that the IL-10 −1082/−819/−592 promoter polymorphisms and corresponding high plasma IL-10 concentrations are associated with LSCC, and that variations in genotype distribution and plasma IL-10 concentrations may be associated with the stage and the lymph node metastasis status of LSCC.

Cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte-associated antigen‑4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to cervical cancer: a meta‑analysis

Cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte associated antigen‑4 (CTLA‑4) polymorphisms have been examined for associations with cervical cancer in various countries. The results, however, are inconclusive. The present study aimed to explore whether CTLA‑4 +49 A/G, ‑318 C/T and CT60 G/A polymorphisms confer susceptibility to cervical cancer. A meta‑analysis was performed with 7,794 subjects included in 15 case‑control studies that were published up to January 1, 2013. The results from the meta‑analysis indicated that there were no significant associations between the risk of cervical cancer and the three studied polymorphisms [+49 A/G: Odds ratio (OR), 0.94 and 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82‑1.07 for GG+AG vs. AA; ‑318 C/T: OR, 1.33 and 95% CI, 0.82‑2.16 for TT+TC vs. CC; and CT60: OR, 0.98 and 95% CI, 0.72‑1.33 for AA+AG vs. GG]. Stratified analyses by ethnicity for the +49 A/G and ‑318 C/T polymorphisms suggested that Asian populations had a decreased risk of cervical cancer for the +49 A/G polymorphism (OR, 0.75 and 95% CI, 0.58‑0.97 for GG+AG vs. AA), but an increased risk for the ‑318 C/T polymorphism (OR, 2.02 and 95% CI, 1.36‑3.00 for TC vs. CC). In summary, the current meta‑analysis showed that the +49 A/G and ‑318 C/T polymorphisms in CTLA‑4 constitute risk factors for cervical cancer.

An interleukin-10 gene polymorphism associated with the development of cervical lesions in women infected with Human Papillomavirus and using oral contraceptives

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays a crucial role in the development of cervical lesions and tumors, however most lesions containing high-risk HPVs do not progress to cervical tumors. Some studies suggest that the use of oral contraceptives may increase the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, but this has not been confirmed by all the studies. Cytokines are important molecules that act in the defense of an organism against viral infections. Several genetic studies have attempted to correlate cytokine polymorphisms with human diseases, including cancer. The significance of IL10 polymorphisms for cancer is that they have both immunosuppressive and antiangiogenic properties. We aimed to investigate the role of promoter polymorphisms in the IL10 gene in women with cervical lesions associated with HPV infection, in the presence of the use of oral contraceptives. Using High Resolution Melt analysis (HRM), we analyzed an SNP -1082A/G and -819C/T in interleukin-10 promoter region in 364 Brazilian women: 171 with cervical lesions and HPV infection, and 193 with normal cytological results and HPV-negative. We observed no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies in the two loci between patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, in the haplotype analysis of IL10, we found that CA haplotype was significantly more frequent in patients infected with HPV than in the control group (p = 0.0188). We did not find any genotype and allelic association of the IL10 gene polymorphisms between cases and controls. However, in this study, when the HPV-positive patients were stratified according to their use of contraceptives, we found a significant association between the -1082G allele (p = 0.0162) and -1082GG genotype (p = 0.0332) among HPV-infected patients who used oral contraceptives. Our findings suggest that -1082A/G gene polymorphism represents a greater susceptibility to progressive cervical lesions in HPV- infected women who use oral contraceptives.

The paradox of IL-10-mediated modulation in cervical cancer

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has opposing effects as an anti-inflammatory (potentially cancer-promoting) and antiangiogenic (potentially cancer-inhibiting) agent. The role of IL-10 in cervical cancer is also dual. Here, we review the IL-10-mediated tumor-promoting effect and tumor-inhibiting effects in cervical cancer, among which, human papilloma virus (HPV), human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and IL-10 polymorphisms are associated with the development of cervical cancer. IL-10 is also used for the therapy of cervical cancer through enhancing proliferation, expression of immunologically important surface molecules and increasing Th1 cytokine production and cytotoxic potential in HPV-specific CD8 (+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Interleukin 10 Polymorphisms and Cervical Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Background

A debate exists about whether interleukin 10 (IL-10) polymorphisms (IL-10−1082G/A and IL-10−592C/A) confer additional risk for cervical cancer. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between IL-10 polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of all available studies relating the −1082G/A and −592C/A polymorphisms of the IL-10 gene to the risk of developing cervical cancer.

Methods

Eight studies were eligible for IL-10 −1082G/A (1498 cases and 1608 controls), and 5 studies were eligible for IL-10 −592C/A (2396 cases and 1388 controls). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were appropriately derived from fixed-effects or random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were performed by ethnicity and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the controls.

Results

In the overall analysis, no significant association between the IL-10−1082G/A polymorphism and the risk of cervical cancer was observed. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, IL-10 −1082A allele was associated with decreased cervical cancer susceptibility among whites (A vs G: OR, 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–0.47). Studies with controls deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed an evident association in dominant model (GA/AA vs GG: OR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.04–2.89]). On the other hand, with respect to −592C/A polymorphism, significantly elevated cervical cancer risk was found in the overall analysis (A vs C: OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.04–1.31]; AA vs CC: OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.00–1.84]; CA/AA vs CC: OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.01–1.39]; AA vs CC/CA: OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.01–1.55]). Stratified analysis indicated that significantly increased risks were also found among Asians in the allelic model (A vs C: OR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01–1.49]).

Conclusions

Interleukin 10−1082 G/A polymorphism showed no effect on cervical cancer risk in the overall analysis. The genetic polymorphism in IL-10−592C/A is a risk factor for developing cervical cancer, especially for Asians.

Association of IL-10-1082 promoter polymorphism with susceptibility to gastric cancer: evidence from 22 case-control studies

Evidence suggested that interleukin-10 (IL-10) may be involved in the etiology of gastric cancer (GC). However, epidemiological studies on the association between IL-10-1082 promoter polymorphism and GC risk are still ambiguous. To quantitatively summarize the evidence for such a relationship, we performed a meta-analysis. Systemic searches of the PubMed and Medline databases were performed, with the last report up to July 2011. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. 22 independent studies including 4,289 cases and 5,965 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Obvious association was found when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (A vs. G: OR = 0.489, 95% CI = 0.335-0.713, P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we observed significant associations in Asians (A vs. G: OR = 0.651, 95% CI = 0.506-0.838, P = 0.001; AA vs. GG: OR = 0.482, 95% CI = 0.328-0.709, P < 0.001; AA/AG vs. GG: OR = 0.711, 95% CI = 0.527-0.959, P = 0.025; AA vs.

AG/GG

OR = 0.701, 95% CI = 0.520-0.944, P = 0.019) and Caucasians (A vs. G: OR = 0.365, 95% CI = 0.140-0.949, P = 0.039), but not in Latino population. When stratified analysis by control sources, our results indicated that A allele decreased approximately 48% risk among population-based studies (A vs. G: OR = 0.524, 95% CI = 0.374-0.733, P < 0.001). Taken together, this meta-analysis suggests that IL-10-1082 polymorphism is associated with GC risk.

The interleukin-10-1082 promoter polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a multifunctional cytokine with both immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic properties and play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. IL-10-1082A>G polymorphism is the most extensively studied polymorphism in the IL-10 gene in cancer susceptibility. To date, a number of case-control studies were conducted to investigate the association between IL-10-1082A>G polymorphism and cancer risk in humans. However, the association between the IL-10-1082A>G polymorphism and cancer risk is still ambiguous. In an effort to solve this controversy, we performed a meta-analysis based on 61 case-control studies, including 14,499 cancer cases and 16,967 controls. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. In the stratified analyses by specific cancer type, increased risk was found in lung cancer (OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.16-8.63 for GA versus AA; OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.16-3.70 for GG versus AA; OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 1.31-7.68 for GA/GG versus AA) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02-1.36 for GA versus AA; OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02-1.35 for GA/GG versus AA). The meta-analysis also indicated that the variant genotypes were associated with a moderately increased risk in Asians in all genetic models (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.17-2.76 for GA versus AA; OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.62-6.82 for GG versus AA; OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.07-2.60 for GA/GG versus AA; OR= 2.93, 95% CI = 1.43-6.03 for GG versus AA/GA). The meta-analysis suggested that the IL-10-1082A>G polymorphism was associated with increased risk of cancer in Asians and lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. To draw comprehensive and true conclusions, more researches with larger numbers of worldwide participants are needed to examine associations between IL-10-1082A>G polymorphism and cancer risk.

The role of interleukin DNA polymorphisms in gastric cancer

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most widespread malignancies worldwide. Interleukins are the key group of cytokines which may have tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing effect, and receptors for them, of course, have the same importance in this context. However, mechanisms of their impact on tumor are not fully understood up to date. Numerous studies provide conflicting data, that makes picture more confusing and complicated. It is known that single nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin genes may dramatically affect on protein expression level, or alter its functions, which may lead to gastritis or ulcer, and eventually promote cancer occurrence. Furthermore, some of these genetic polymorphisms may serve as predictive factors for cancer prognosis and prevention. In order to understand the impact of each genetic polymorphism, the review of IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL17A, IL-17F DNA polymorphisms on gastric carcinoma was done, and risk alleles were recommended for further research.