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Bergonzi MC, De Stefani C, Vasarri M, Ivanova Stojcheva E, Ramos-Pineda AM, Baldi F, Bilia AR, Degl’Innocenti D. Encapsulation of Olive Leaf Polyphenol-Rich Extract in Polymeric Micelles to Improve Its Intestinal Permeability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3147. [PMID: 38133044 PMCID: PMC10745506 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, polymeric micelles were developed to improve the intestinal permeability of an extract of Olea europaea L. leaf with a high content of total polyphenols (49% w/w), with 41% w/w corresponding to the oleuropein amount. A pre-formulation study was conducted to obtain a stable formulation with a high loading capacity for extract. The freeze-drying process was considered to improve the stability of the formulation during storage. Micelles were characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and in vitro release. The optimized system consisted of 15 mg/mL of extract, 20 mg/mL of Pluronic L121, 20 mg/mL of Pluronic F68, and 10 mg/mL of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), with dimensions of 14.21 ± 0.14 nm, a polydisersity index (PdI) of 0.19 ± 0.05 and an encapsulation efficiency of 66.21 ± 1.11%. The influence of the micelles on polyphenol permeability was evaluated using both Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) and the Caco-2 cell monolayer. In both assays, the polymeric micelles improved the permeation of polyphenols, as demonstrated by the increase in Pe and Papp values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Chiara De Stefani
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Marzia Vasarri
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | | | | | - Francesco Baldi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Donatella Degl’Innocenti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy;
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Andújar-Tenorio N, Cobo A, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Hidalgo M, Prieto I, Gálvez A, Martínez-Cañamero M. Intestinal microbiota modulation at the strain level by the olive oil polyphenols in the diet. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1272139. [PMID: 37860036 PMCID: PMC10582982 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1272139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previously we have reported a r16S gene next generation sequencing study on the effect of high fat diets in the intestinal microbiota using a murine model. However, many important microbial traits occur at strain level and, in order to detect these population changes, culture-dependent approaches need to be applied. With this goal, we decided to study a very well-known commensal genus, Enterococcus, and therefore, intestinal enterococci methodically isolated during the above-mentioned experiment were analyzed. Materials and methods A collection of 75 distinct enterococcal strains isolated from feces of mice fed a standard diet or high-fat diets enriched with butter, refined olive oil, or extra virgin olive oil and after 0, 6 or 12 weeks of diet, were genetically and phenotypically characterized in search of virulence factors, biogenic amine production and antibiotic resistance. All strains were tested for the susceptibility in vitro to two virgin olive oil polyphenols, oleuropein (the bitter principle of olives) and hydroxytyrosol (derived from oleuropein by enzymatic hydrolysis and responsible for the high stability of olive oil). Results No drastic polyphenol effect was found except at high concentrations. However, when carrying out a comparative statistical study in the 75 strains of the collection according to the different diets, we have detected significant differences between the strains isolated from mice fed with a diet enriched with virgin olive oil and the rest of the diets. EVOO strains also presented less resistance to antibiotics and a more beneficial profile overall. Discussion These results support the prebiotic role of polyphenols, showing how they are able to modulate the set of strains that comprises a genus in the gut, allowing them to adapt to a changing environment in the host's intestine and possibly exerting effects on its physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Cobo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Marina Hidalgo
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Malliou F, Andriopoulou CE, Kofinas A, Katsogridaki A, Leondaritis G, Gonzalez FJ, Michaelidis TM, Darsinou M, Skaltsounis LA, Konstandi M. Oleuropein Promotes Neural Plasticity and Neuroprotection via PPARα-Dependent and Independent Pathways. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2250. [PMID: 37626746 PMCID: PMC10452728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE), a main constituent of olives, displays a pleiotropic beneficial dynamic in health and disease; the effects are based mainly on its antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties, and its capacity to protect the myocardium during ischemia. Furthermore, OLE activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) in neurons and astrocytes, providing neuroprotection against noxious biological reactions that are induced following cerebral ischemia. The current study investigated the effect of OLE in the regulation of various neural plasticity indices, emphasizing the role of PPARα. For this purpose, 129/Sv wild-type (WT) and Pparα-null mice were treated with OLE for three weeks. The findings revealed that chronic treatment with OLE up-regulated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice via activation of the ERK1/2, AKT and PKA/CREB signaling pathways. No similar effects were observed in the hippocampus. The OLE-induced effects on BDNF and TrkB appear to be mediated by PPARα, because no similar alterations were observed in the PFC of Pparα-null mice. Notably, OLE did not affect the neurotrophic factors NT3 and NT4/5 in both brain tissues. However, fenofibrate, a selective PPARα agonist, up-regulated BDNF and NT3 in the PFC of mice, whereas the drug induced NT4/5 in both brain sites tested. Interestingly, OLE provided neuroprotection in differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid and H2O2 toxicity independently from PPARα activation. In conclusion, OLE and similar drugs, acting either as PPARα agonists or via PPARα independent mechanisms, could improve synaptic function/plasticity mainly in the PFC and to a lesser extent in the hippocampus, thus beneficially affecting cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Malliou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Christina E. Andriopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Aristeidis Kofinas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Allena Katsogridaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - George Leondaritis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
- Institute of Biosciences (I.BS.), University Research Center of Ioannina (U.R.C.I.), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Theologos M. Michaelidis
- Department of Biological Applications & Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (T.M.M.); (M.D.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Marousa Darsinou
- Department of Biological Applications & Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (T.M.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Leandros A. Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
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Khalil AA, Rahman MM, Rauf A, Islam MR, Manna SJ, Khan AA, Ullah S, Akhtar MN, Aljohani ASM, Abdulmonem WA, Simal-Gandara J. Oleuropein: Chemistry, extraction techniques and nutraceutical perspectives-An update. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9933-9954. [PMID: 37272499 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2218495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Olive family (Oleaceae) contains several species among which Olea europaea L. is mostly used for production of olive oils. Various parts of olive tree are rich source of diverse bioactive compounds such as Apigenin, elenolic acid, Hydroxytyrosol, Ligstroside, Oleoside, Oleuropein, Oleuropein aglycone, Tyrosol, etc. Among these, oleuropein, a secoiridoid is predominantly found in olive leaves and young olive fruits of different species of Oleaceae family. Scientists have adopted numerous extraction methods (conventional & latest) to increase the yield of oleuropein. Among these techniques, maceration, soxhlet, microwave-assisted, ultrasonication, and supercritical fluid methods are most commonly employed for extraction of oleuropein. Evidently, this review emphasizes on various in-vitro and in-vivo studies focusing on nutraceutical properties of oleuropein. Available literature highlights the pharmaceutical potential of oleuropein against various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, microbial infections, and oxidation. This review will benefit the scientific community as it narrates comprehensive literature regarding absorption, metabolism, bioavailability, extraction techniques, and nutraceutical perspectives associated with oleuropein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Juhara Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ammar Ahmed Khan
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samee Ullah
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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Micheli L, Bertini L, Bonato A, Villanova N, Caruso C, Caruso M, Bernini R, Tirone F. Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:1767. [PMID: 37049607 PMCID: PMC10096778 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with a gradual reduction of physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results in a reduced ability to adapt to homeostasis perturbations and an increased incidence of illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features of aging include a chronic low-grade inflammation state and a decrease of the autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with longevity and ability to counteract the onset of age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, a fundamental component of this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds as hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review is focused on brain, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota, as these systems are known to interact at several levels. After the description of the chemistry and pharmacokinetics of HTyr and OLE, we summarize studies reporting their effects in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases of the central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis and depression, senescence and lifespan, and age-related skeletal muscle disorders, as well as their impact on the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Bonato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Villanova
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizia Caruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
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Nikou T, Sakavitsi ME, Kalampokis E, Halabalaki M. Metabolism and Bioavailability of Olive Bioactive Constituents Based on In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:3773. [PMID: 36145149 PMCID: PMC9504511 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of olive products has been established as a health-promoting dietary pattern due to their high content in compounds with eminent pharmacological properties and well-described bioactivities. However, their metabolism has not yet been fully described. The present critical review aimed to gather all scientific data of the past two decades regarding the absorption and metabolism of the foremost olive compounds, specifically of the phenylalcohols hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and tyrosol (Tyr) and the secoiridoids oleacein (Olea), oleocanthal (Oleo) and oleuropein (Oleu). A meticulous record of the in vitro assays and in vivo (animals and humans) studies of the characteristic olive compounds was cited, and a critical discussion on their bioavailability and metabolism was performed taking into account data from their gut microbial metabolism. The existing critical review summarizes the existing knowledge regarding the bioavailability and metabolism of olive-characteristic phenylalchohols and secoiridoids and spotlights the lack of data for specific chemical groups and compounds. Critical observations and conclusions were derived from correlating structure with bioavailability data, while results from in vitro, animal and human studies were compared and discussed, giving significant insight to the future design of research approaches for the total bioavailability and metabolism exploration thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Al-Warhi T, Elmaidomy AH, Maher SA, Abu-Baih DH, Selim S, Albqmi M, Al-Sanea MM, Alnusaire TS, Ghoneim MM, Mostafa EM, Hussein S, El-Damasy AK, Saber EA, Elrehany MA, Sayed AM, Othman EM, El-Sherbiny M, Abdelmohsen UR. The Wound-Healing Potential of Olea europaea L. Cv. Arbequina Leaves Extract: An Integrated In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Investigation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090791. [PMID: 36144197 PMCID: PMC9503157 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olea europaea L. Cv. Arbequina (OEA) (Oleaceae) is an olive variety species that has received little attention. Besides our previous work for the chemical profiling of OEA leaves using LC−HRESIMS, an additional 23 compounds are identified. An excision wound model is used to measure wound healing action. Wounds are provided with OEA (2% w/v) or MEBO® cream (marketed treatment). The wound closure rate related to vehicle-treated wounds is significantly increased by OEA. Comparing to vehicle wound tissues, significant levels of TGF-β in OEA and MEBO® (p < 0.05) are displayed by gene expression patterns, with the most significant levels in OEA-treated wounds. Proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β levels are substantially reduced in OEA-treated wounds. The capability of several lignan-related compounds to interact with MMP-1 is revealed by extensive in silico investigation of the major OEA compounds (i.e., inverse docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ΔG calculation), and their role in the wound-healing process is also characterized. The potential of OEA as a potent MMP-1 inhibitor is shown in subsequent in vitro testing (IC50 = 88.0 ± 0.1 nM). In conclusion, OEA is introduced as an interesting therapeutic candidate that can effectively manage wound healing because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer H. Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Dalia H. Abu-Baih
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mha Albqmi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Alqurayyat 77447, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.-S.); (A.M.S.); (U.R.A.)
| | | | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M. Mostafa
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf K. El-Damasy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.-S.); (A.M.S.); (U.R.A.)
| | - Eman M. Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.-S.); (A.M.S.); (U.R.A.)
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Pitsillou E, Liang JJ, Beh RC, Prestedge J, Catak S, Hung A, Karagiannis TC. Identification of novel bioactive compounds from Olea europaea by evaluation of chemical compounds in the OliveNet™ library: in silico bioactivity and molecular modelling, and in vitro validation of hERG activity. Comput Biol Med 2022; 142:105247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang D, Li J, Liang C, Tian L, Shi C, Hui N, Liu Y, Ling M, Xin L, Wan M, Li H, Zhao Q, Ren X, Liu H, Cao W. Syringa microphylla Diels: A comprehensive review of its phytochemical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics and an investigation into its potential health benefits. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153770. [PMID: 34678528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringa microphylla Diels is a plant in the family Syringa Linn. For hundreds of years, its flowers and leaves have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of cough, inflammation, colds, sore throat, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, early liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, and oesophageal cancer. PURPOSE For the first time, we have comprehensively reviewed information on Syringa microphylla Diels that is not included in the Pharmacopoeia, clarified the pharmacological mechanisms of Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients from a molecular biology perspective, compiled in vivo and in vitro animal experimental data and clinical data, and summarized the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of Syringa microphylla Diels. The progress in toxicology research is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs from Syringa microphylla Diels, a natural source of compounds that are potentially beneficial to human health. METHODS The PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, SciFinder Scholar and Thomson Reuters databases were utilized to conduct a comprehensive search of published literature as of July 2021 to find original literature related to Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients. RESULTS To date, 72 compounds have been isolated and identified from Syringa microphylla Diels, and oleuropein, verbascoside, isoacteoside, echinacoside, forsythoside B, and eleutheroside B are the main active components. These compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, and their safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated in long-term traditional applications. Molecular pharmacology experiments have indicated that the active ingredients of Syringa microphylla Diels exert their pharmacological effects in various ways, primarily by reducing oxidative stress damage via Nrf2/ARE pathway regulation, regulating inflammatory factors and inducing apoptosis through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review of Syringa microphylla Diels provides new insights into the correlations among molecular mechanisms, the importance of toxicology and pharmacokinetics, and potential ways to address the limitations of current research. As Syringa microphylla Diels is a natural low-toxicity botanical medicine, it is worthy of development and utilization and is an excellent choice for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chunyang Shi
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Mei Ling
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Liang Xin
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Minge Wan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Business & Commerce, Xi'an 712046, PR China
| | - Han Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China.
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China
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10
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Alnusaire TS, Sayed AM, Elmaidomy AH, Al-Sanea MM, Albogami S, Albqmi M, Alowaiesh BF, Mostafa EM, Musa A, Youssif KA, Refaat H, Othman EM, Dandekar T, Alaaeldin E, Ghoneim MM, Abdelmohsen UR. An In Vitro and In Silico Study of the Enhanced Antiproliferative and Pro-Oxidant Potential of Olea europaea L. cv. Arbosana Leaf Extract via Elastic Nanovesicles (Spanlastics). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121860. [PMID: 34942963 PMCID: PMC8698813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The olive tree is a venerable Mediterranean plant and often used in traditional medicine. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Olea europaea L. cv. Arbosana leaf extract (OLE) and its encapsulation within a spanlastic dosage form on the improvement of its pro-oxidant and antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 human cancer cell lines. The LC-HRESIMS-assisted metabolomic profile of OLE putatively annotated 20 major metabolites and showed considerable in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 9.2 ± 0.8, 7.1 ± 0.9, and 6.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL, respectively. The encapsulation of OLE within a (spanlastic) nanocarrier system, using a spraying method and Span 40 and Tween 80 (4:1 molar ratio), was successfully carried out (size 41 ± 2.4 nm, zeta potential 13.6 ± 2.5, and EE 61.43 ± 2.03%). OLE showed enhanced thermal stability, and an improved in vitro antiproliferative effect against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 (IC50 3.6 ± 0.2, 2.3 ± 0.1, and 1.8 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively) in comparison to the unprocessed extract. Both preparations were found to exhibit pro-oxidant potential inside the cancer cells, through the potential inhibitory activity of OLE against glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase (IC50 1.18 ± 0.12 and 2.33 ± 0.19 µg/mL, respectively). These inhibitory activities were proposed via a comprehensive in silico study to be linked to the presence of certain compounds in OLE. Consequently, we assume that formulating such a herbal extract within a suitable nanocarrier would be a promising improvement of its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed S. Alnusaire
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.A.); (B.F.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Abeer H. Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mha Albqmi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, P.O. Box 756 Alqurayyat, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bassam F. Alowaiesh
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.A.); (B.F.A.)
| | - Ehab M. Mostafa
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Arafa Musa
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (U.R.A.)
| | - Khayrya A. Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Hesham Refaat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; (H.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Eman M. Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt;
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Eman Alaaeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; (H.R.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (U.R.A.)
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11
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Finicelli M, Squillaro T, Galderisi U, Peluso G. Polyphenols, the Healthy Brand of Olive Oil: Insights and Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:3831. [PMID: 34836087 PMCID: PMC8624306 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their beneficial potential on human health, plant food bioactive molecules are important components influencing nutrition. Polyphenols have been widely acknowledged for their potentially protective role against several complex diseases. In particular, the polyphenols of olive oil (OOPs) emerge as the key components of many healthy diets and have been widely studied for their beneficial properties. The qualitative and quantitative profile defining the composition of olive oil phenolic molecules as well as their absorbance and metabolism once ingested are key aspects that need to be considered to fully understand the health potential of these molecules. In this review, we provide an overview of the key aspects influencing these variations by focusing on the factors influencing the biosynthesis of OOPs and the findings about their absorption and metabolism. Despite the encouraging evidence, the health potential of OOPs is still debated due to limitations in current studies. Clinical trials are necessary to fully understand and validate the beneficial effects of olive oil and OOPs on human health. We provide an update of the clinical trials based on olive oil and/or OOPs that aim to understand their beneficial effects. Tailored studies are needed to standardize the polyphenolic distribution and understand the variables associated with phenol-enriched OO. An in-depth knowledge of the steps that occur following polyphenol ingestion may reveal useful insights to be used in clinical settings for the prevention and treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Finicelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (U.G.)
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (U.G.)
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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12
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Malliou F, Andriopoulou CE, Gonzalez FJ, Kofinas A, Skaltsounis AL, Konstandi M. Oleuropein-Induced Acceleration of Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Drug Metabolism: Central Role for Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:833-843. [PMID: 34162688 PMCID: PMC11022892 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE), the main constituent of Olea europaea, displays pleiotropic beneficial effects in health and disease, which are mainly attributed to its anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. Several food supplements and herbal medicines contain OLE and are available without a prescription. This study investigated the effects of OLE on the main cytochrome P450s (P450s) catalyzing the metabolism of many prescribed drugs. Emphasis was given to the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a nuclear transcription factor regulating numerous genes including P450s. 129/Sv wild-type and Ppara-null mice were treated with OLE for 6 weeks. OLE induced Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1, Cyp3a14, Cyp3a25, Cyp2c29, Cyp2c44, Cyp2d22, and Cyp2e1 mRNAs in liver of wild-type mice, whereas no similar effects were observed in Ppara-null mice, indicating that the OLE-induced effect on these P450s is mediated by PPARα. Activation of the pathways related to phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead box protein O1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, AKT/p70, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase participates in P450 induction by OLE. These data indicate that consumption of herbal medicines and food supplements containing OLE could accelerate the metabolism of drug substrates of the above-mentioned P450s, thus reducing their efficacy and the outcome of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, OLE-induced activation of PPARα could modify the effects of drugs due to their increased metabolism and clearance, which should be taken into account when consuming OLE-containing products with certain drugs, in particular those of narrow therapeutic window. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study indicated that oleuropein, which belongs to the main constituents of the leaves and olive drupes of Olea europaea, induces the synthesis of the major cytochrome P450s (P450s) metabolizing the majority of prescribed drugs via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. This effect could modify the pharmacokinetic profile of co-administered drug substrates of the P450s, thus altering their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Malliou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Christina E Andriopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Aristeidis Kofinas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
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13
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Zheng S, Huang K, Tong T. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Oleuropein in Mitigating Diabetes and Diabetes Complications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6145-6155. [PMID: 34042426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of diabetes and diabetes complications confers heavy pressure on public health. Novel antidiabetes strategies with negligible unwanted effects are urgently needed. Currently, the anti-hyperglycemic potential of plant-based functional ingredients has been explored to provide alternative strategies. As a kind of dietary bioactive compound, oleuropein has aroused the growing interest of researchers in diabetes and diabetes complications management. This review reveals the research progress of oleuropein in treating diabetes and diabetes complications and summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects of oleuropein. Oleuropein achieves amelioration of diabetes, the mechanisms of which include the modulation of insulin secretion, the repairment islet morphology, the activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase singling, and the improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Oleuropein also can relieve diabetes complications including diabetic nephropathy, diabetes cardiovascular complications, diabetic retinopathy, poor wound healing, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic testicular dysfunction. Oleuropein reverses cell apoptosis, regenerates tissues, restores the histological organization, and decreases oxidative stress in treating diabetes complications. Taken together, oleuropein is a promising compound for diabetes and diabetes complications management and can be used as a nutraceutical to fight against these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
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14
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El-Gogary RI, Ragai MH, Moftah N, Nasr M. Oleuropein as a novel topical antipsoriatic nutraceutical: formulation in microemulsion nanocarrier and exploratory clinical appraisal. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1523-1532. [PMID: 34010073 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1932813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Oleuropein is a promising nutraceutical found in abundance in olive leaf, with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and hence could be a valuable treatment for dermatological diseases such as psoriasis.Areas covered: In order to overcome the poor skin penetration of oleuropein, it was formulated in a microemulsion nanocarrier. The selected microemulsion formulation displayed a particle size of 30.25 ± 4.8 nm, zeta potential 0.15 ± 0.08 mV and polydispersity index 0.3 ± 0.08, with storage stability for 1 year in room temperature and total deposition in skin layers amounting to 95.67%. Upon clinical examination in psoriatic patients, the oleuropein microemulsion formulation was proven superior to the marketed Dermovate cream composed of clobetasol propionate, in terms of reduction of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores, as well dermoscopic imaging and morphometric analysis of the psoriasis lesions, in which oleuropein microemulsion exhibited marked improvement in the clinical manifestations of psoriasis.Expert opinion: The findings of this study further prove the promising role of nutraceuticals, as well as nanoparticles in enhancing the therapeutic outcome of treatments, and open new era of applications in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham I El-Gogary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha H Ragai
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al Minya, Egypt
| | - Noha Moftah
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al Minya, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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López-Yerena A, Pérez M, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Miliarakis E, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Escribano-Ferrer E. Oleacein Intestinal Permeation and Metabolism in Rats Using an In Situ Perfusion Technique. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:719. [PMID: 34068871 PMCID: PMC8153610 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleacein (OLEA) is one of the most important phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil in terms of concentration and health-promoting properties, yet there are insufficient data on its absorption and metabolism. Several non-human models have been developed to assess the intestinal permeability of drugs, among them, single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP), which is commonly used to investigate the trans-membrane transport of drugs in situ. In this study, the SPIP model and simultaneous luminal blood sampling were used to study the absorption and metabolism of OLEA in rats. Samples of intestinal fluid and mesenteric blood were taken at different times and the ileum segment was excised at the end of the experiment for analysis by LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. OLEA was mostly metabolized by phase I reactions, undergoing hydrolysis and oxidation, and metabolite levels were much higher in the plasma than in the lumen. The large number of metabolites identified and their relatively high abundance indicates an important intestinal first-pass effect during absorption. According to the results, OLEA is well absorbed in the intestine, with an intestinal permeability similar to that of the highly permeable model compound naproxen. No significant differences were found in the percentage of absorbed OLEA and naproxen (48.98 ± 12.27% and 43.96 ± 7.58%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anallely López-Yerena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XaRTA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (M.P.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
| | - Maria Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XaRTA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (M.P.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XaRTA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (M.P.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XaRTA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (M.P.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Group I+D+I Associated Unit to CSIC, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Galmés S, Reynés B, Palou M, Palou-March A, Palou A. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Main Olive Tree Phenols and Polyphenols: A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5281-5296. [PMID: 33908772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of olive tree (poly)phenols (OPs) are largely dependent upon their bioavailability and metabolization by humans. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) are fundamental for the nutritional efficacy and toxicological impact of foods containing OPs. This review includes studies on the administration of hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleuropein (Ole), or other OPs and foods, products, or mixtures that contain them. Briefly, data from in vivo studies indicate that OPs are absorbable by intestinal cells. Both absorption and bioavailability depend upon each compound and/or the matrix in which it is contained. OPs metabolism begins in enterocytes and can also continue in the liver. Metabolic phase I mainly consists of the hydrolysis of Ole, which results in an increase in the HT content. Phase II metabolic reactions involve the conjugation of (poly)phenols mainly with glucuronide and sulfate groups. This review offers a complete perspective of the ADME processes of OPs, which could support the future nutritional and/or toxicological studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Reynés
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou-March
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Hamed MM, Handoussa H, Hussein NH, Eissa RA, Abdel-Aal LK, El Tayebi HM. Oleuropin controls miR-194/XIST/PD-L1 loop in triple negative breast cancer: New role of nutri-epigenetics in immune-oncology. Life Sci 2021; 277:119353. [PMID: 33798547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein, the main secoiridoid glucoside found in Olea europaea L., has attracted scientific community as a potential anticancer agent. Immunotherapy and RNA interference revolutionized cancer treatment. Success of PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies encouraged the investigation of PD-1/PD-L1 regulation by non-coding RNAs. This study aimed to verify the cytotoxic effect of oleuropein on MDA-MB-231 cell line and to unravel novel ceRNA interaction between miR-194-5p and XIST in breast cancer and their immunomodulatory effect on PD-L1 expression to propose a promising prophylactic and preventive role of Oleuropin in diet. For the first time, miR-194/Lnc-RNA XIST/PD-L1 triad was investigated in breast cancer, where miR-194 and PD-L1 levels were significantly upregulated in 21 BC-biopsies, yet XIST was downregulated. Ectopic expression of miR-194 enhanced cell function and viability with concomitant increase in PD-L1 expression yet XIST expression decreased, in contrast to miR-194 antagomirs that yielded opposite results. XIST knock-out elevated miR194-5p and PD-L1 levels. miR-194-5p mimics and XIST siRNAs co-transfection induced PD-L1 expression, while miR-194-5p mimics and TSIX siRNAs co-transfection showed opposite effect. Oleuropein showed anti-carcinogenic impact by decreasing miR-194 and PD-L1 levels while increasing XIST level. In conclusion, our study highlighted novel ceRNA interaction controlling PD-L1 expression in BC. Oleuropein is a promising nutraceutical for cancer therapy. Therefore, oleuropin represents a new nutri-epigenetic in immune-oncology that controls miR-194/XIST/PD-L1 loop in triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Hamed
- The Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Handoussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada H Hussein
- The Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A Eissa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna K Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Tayebi
- The Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
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Pantalone S, Tonucci L, Cichelli A, Cerretani L, Gómez-Caravaca AM, d'Alessandro N. Acrylamide mitigation in processed potato derivatives by addition of natural phenols from olive chain by-products. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Suealek N, Tharavanij T, Hackman RM, Keen CL, Holt RR, Burawat B, Chaikan A, Tiengtip R, Rojpibulstit P. Thai Tea Seed Oil and Virgin Olive Oil Similarly Reduce Plasma Lipids: A Pilot Study within a Healthy Adult Male Population. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuchanart Suealek
- Department of Preclinical Science Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Thipaporn Tharavanij
- Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Robert M. Hackman
- Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Davis California 95616 United States
| | - Carl L. Keen
- Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Davis California 95616 United States
- Department of Internal Medicine University of California, Davis Sacramento California 95817 United States
| | - Roberta R. Holt
- Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Davis California 95616 United States
| | - Benjapun Burawat
- Nutrition and Food Service Division Thammasat University Hospital Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Ammara Chaikan
- Department of Preclinical Science Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Rattana Tiengtip
- Department of Preclinical Science Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Panadda Rojpibulstit
- Department of Preclinical Science Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus Khlong Nueng Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
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Oral delivery of oleuropein-loaded lipid nanocarriers alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in acute colitis. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119515. [PMID: 32544520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress pathways have emerged as novel targets in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Targeting the drug to the inflamed colon remains a challenge. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have been reported to accumulate in inflamed colonic mucosa. The antioxidant/antiinflamatory polyphenol oleuropein (OLE) was loaded in NLCs (NLC-OLE). NLC-OLE showed to be more effective in decreasing the TNF-α secretion and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activated macrophages (J774) compared to the conventional form of OLE. OLE efficacy was preserved within NLC-OLE ameliorating inflammation in a murine model of acute colitis: reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-6, decreased neutrophil infiltration and improved histopathology of the colon were reported. In addition, NLC-OLE enhanced the ROS scavenging activity of OLE in the colon after oral administration. These data suggest that the proposed NLC-OLE could be a promising drug delivery system for OLE in IBD treatment.
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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phenols Dilate the Rat Mesenteric Artery by Activation of BK Ca2+ Channels in Smooth Muscle Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112601. [PMID: 32503254 PMCID: PMC7321220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown the beneficial health effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption in reducing blood pressure and preventing the risk of developing hypertension. Some studies associate the hypotensive activity of EVOO to a minor component—the phenols. This study was designed to investigate the effects of EVOO phenols on the rat resistance mesenteric artery (MA) and to find out the possible vascular pathways involved. The experiments were carried out using a pressurized myograph, which allowed the effects of phenols on isolated MA to be tested under different conditions: (a) with endothelium removed; (b) with inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME, 10−4 M) + Nω-Nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA, 10−4 M); (c) with inhibition of cyclooxygenase by indomethacin (10−5 M); (d) with inhibition of guanylate cyclase by 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ,10−5 M) or adenylate cyclase by 9-(Tetrahydro-2′-furyl)adenine (SQ, 10−5 M); (e) with depolarization by high potassium chloride (40 mM); and (f) with inhibition of the large conductance Ca2+–potassium channels (BKCa2+) with paxilline (10−5 M). EVOO phenols induce vasodilation of the endothelium, mediated by a direct effect on smooth muscle cells (SMC) by activation of BKCa2+ channels, an action by which phenols can regulate the vascular tone of the resistance artery. Phenols can be regarded as bioactive molecules that may contribute to the antihypertensive effects of EVOO.
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Role of maltodextrin and inulin as encapsulating agents on the protection of oleuropein during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem 2020; 310:125976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Al-Karaki R, Awadallah A, Tawfeek HM, Nasr M. Preparation, Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of New Oleuropein Microemulsion Against HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cells. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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López-Yerena A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Mols R, Augustijns P, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Escribano-Ferrer E. Absorption and Intestinal Metabolic Profile of Oleocanthal in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E134. [PMID: 32033424 PMCID: PMC7076358 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleocanthal (OLC), a phenolic compound of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent against a variety of diseases due to its anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the present study is to explore its in vivo intestinal absorption and metabolism. An in situ perfusion technique in rats was used, involving simultaneous sampling from the luminal perfusate and mesenteric blood. Samples were analysed by UHPLC-MS-MS for the presence of oleocanthal (OLC) and its metabolites. OLC was mostly metabolized by phase I metabolism, undergoing hydration, hydrogenation and hydroxylation. Phase II reactions (glucuronidation of hydrogenated OLC and hydrated metabolites) were observed in plasma samples. OLC was poorly absorbed in the intestine, as indicated by the low effective permeability coefficient (2.23 ± 3.16 × 10-5 cm/s) and apparent permeability coefficient (4.12 ± 2.33 × 10-6 cm/s) obtained relative to the values of the highly permeable reference compound levofloxacin (LEV). The extent of OLC absorption reflected by the area under the mesenteric blood-time curve normalized by the inlet concentration (AUC) was also lower than that of LEV (0.25 ± 0.04 vs. 0.64 ± 0.03, respectively). These results, together with the observed intestinal metabolism, suggest that OLC has a moderate-to-low oral absorption; but higher levels of OLC are expected to reach human plasma vs. rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anallely López-Yerena
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raf Mols
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Pharmacy and Food Sciences School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Drehmer E, Navarro-Moreno MÁ, Carrera S, Villar VM, Moreno ML. Oxygenic metabolism in nutritional obesity induced by olive oil. The influence of vitamin C. Food Funct 2019; 10:3567-3580. [PMID: 31157805 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical and sociological problem of great importance due to the high percentage of people affected and the important health consequences that it involves. Most cases of obesity are related to an inadequate diet, rich in fats, which could lead to changes in the patient's oxygenic metabolism. That is why this study has been proposed to evaluate how some aspects of oxygenic metabolism are affected in a nutritional experimental model, with a controlled hyperlipidic liquid diet based on olive oil, and the effect of the antioxidant vitamin C on these conditions. Wistar rats were divided into four groups which received a control and hyperlipidic liquid diet for 30 days, with or without a vitamin C supplement (CO, COC, HO and HOC). First of all the body and fat tissue development was measured in the four groups. Our results showed that the excessive intake of nutritional and healthy fat such as olive oil did not prevent the appearance of obesity and the supplementation with vitamin C did not have a protective effect on body and fat development. The study of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in total liver, liver cytosol, abdominal white fat, brown fat and blood cells showed that vitamin C could have different selectivities and affinities for different enzymes and compartments/tissues of the body. Finally, the effect of vitamin C on various metabolic parameters (glucose, pyruvate, lactate, LDH, ATP, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) provided positive protection against oxidative stress especially under hyperlipidic conditions. All things considered, the present study concludes that vitamin C treatment could protect Wistar rats from the oxidative stress impairment induced by obesity generated by an excessive intake of fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eraci Drehmer
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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In Vitro Anticoccidial Activity of Olive Pulp (Olea europaea L. var. Chemlal) Extract Against Eimeria Oocysts in Broiler Chickens. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:887-897. [PMID: 31493179 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of the present study was to investigate in vitro anticoccidial effect of olive pulp (Olea europaea L var. Chemlal) extract on the destruction of Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from infected chickens naturally. MATERIALS AND METHODS The olive pulp (OP) powder was stirred manually in aqueous ethanol in preparation for extraction using the microwave-assisted extraction system. The identification of the phenolic compounds was obtained by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (HPLC-ESI-MS). The treatment of Eimeria oocyst with OP extract and standard compounds (quercetin and oleuropein) leads to their lysis as shown by the release of substances absorbing at 273 nm. RESULTS Our results showed that the maximum number of reduced oocysts was recorded after 8 h of incubation of optimum OP extract, quercetin and oleuropein for different periods of time. Also, the number of Eimeria oocysts decreased considerably with increase concentrations after adding the optimum of OP extract in concentration ranging from 0.023 to 0.371 mg/ml. Positive correlation between the optimum OP extract concentrations and the number of Eimeria oocysts reduced was R2 = 0.959. From this in vitro experiment, it can be concluded that the OP extract possesses an anti-Eimeria spp activity. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first time that quercetin and oleuropein were tested to evaluate their anticoccidial activity. The findings of this study showed that phenolic compound of OP extract tested separately possesses anti-Eimeria spp. effect. Further studies should be carried out to test its in vivo efficacy of the OP bioactive compounds in broiler chickens.
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Flamminii F, Di Mattia CD, Difonzo G, Neri L, Faieta M, Caponio F, Pittia P. From by-product to food ingredient: evaluation of compositional and technological properties of olive-leaf phenolic extracts. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6620-6627. [PMID: 31350764 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most olive by-products, like olive leaves, are still undervalued despite their strong potential as a source of healthy and functional components. To exploit their potential use as active ingredients in complex food systems, it is of primary importance the knowledge of their composition and technological functionality which represented the objective of this work. RESULTS Phenolic extracts from olive leaves, obtained by extraction with pure water (Eth0) and two different water-ethanol solutions (Eth30, Eth70), were characterized for their composition and technological properties such as water- / oil- holding ability, air/water surface activity, and emulsifying capacity at pH 4.5 and 7. Their chemical stability over time, at constant temperature, was also investigated. The technological properties were affected by extraction media and pH. Phenolic extracts displayed significant surface activity, showing dose-dependent behavior. Surface properties were affected by pH and this result was confirmed by the emulsifying capacity. The extracts showed good oil-holding capacity but limited water-binding capacity. Eth70 showed the highest chemical stability, which was confirmed by the rate parameters obtained by modeling data using a Weibull model. CONCLUSION The results of this study highlight that olive leaves extracts can represent a useful ingredient in acidic lipid-containing foods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Flamminii
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Carla Daniela Di Mattia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Food Science and Technology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lilia Neri
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Faieta
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Food Science and Technology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Protective Effects Induced by Two Polyphenolic Liquid Complexes from Olive ( Olea europaea, mainly Cultivar Coratina) Pressing Juice in Rat Isolated Tissues Challenged with LPS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163002. [PMID: 31430921 PMCID: PMC6720671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MOMAST(®) HY100 and MOMAST(®) HP30 are polyphenolic liquid complexes from olive pressing juice with a total polyphenolic content of 100 g/kg (at least 50% as hydroxytyrosol) and 36 g/kg (at least 30% as hydroxytyrosol), respectively. We investigated the potential protective role of MOMAST(®) HY100 and MOMAST(®) HP30 on isolated rat colon, liver, heart, and prefrontal cortex specimens treated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a validated ex vivo model of inflammation, by measuring the production of prostaglandin (PG)E2, 8-iso-PGF2α, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels. MOMAST(®) HY100 decreased LPS-stimulated PGE2 and LDH levels in all tested tissues. Following treatment with MOMAST(®) HY100, we found a significant reduction in iNOS levels in prefrontal cortex and heart specimens, COX-2 and TNFα mRNA levels in heart specimens, and 8-iso-PGF2α levels in liver specimens. On the other hand, MOMAST(®) HP30 was found to blunt COX-2, TNFα, and iNOS mRNA levels, as well as 8-iso-PGF2α in cortex, liver, and colon specimens. MOMAST(®) HP30 was also found to decrease PGE2 levels in liver specimens, while it decreased iNOS mRNA, LDH, and 8-iso-PGF2α levels in heart specimens. Both MOMAST(®) HY100 and MOMAST(®) HP30 exhibited protective effects on multiple inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.
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Castejon ML, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Aparicio-Soto M, González-Benjumea A, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Olive secoiridoid oleuropein and its semisynthetic acetyl-derivatives reduce LPS-induced inflammatory response in murine peritoneal macrophages via JAK-STAT and MAPKs signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Evolution of the phenolic compounds profile of olive leaf extract encapsulated by spray-drying during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem 2019; 279:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hornedo-Ortega R, Cerezo AB, de Pablos RM, Krisa S, Richard T, García-Parrilla MC, Troncoso AM. Phenolic Compounds Characteristic of the Mediterranean Diet in Mitigating Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:373. [PMID: 30405355 PMCID: PMC6206263 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathological feature of quite a number of Central Nervous System diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease among others. The hallmark of brain neuroinflammation is the activation of microglia, which are the immune resident cells in the brain and represents the first line of defense when injury or disease occur. Microglial activated cells can adopt different phenotypes to carry out its diverse functions. Thus, the shift into pro-inflammatory/neurotoxic or anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotypes, depending of the brain environment, has totally changed the understanding of microglia in neurodegenerative disease. For this reason, novel therapeutic strategies which aim to modify the microglia polarization are being developed. Additionally, the understanding of how nutrition may influence the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has grown greatly in recent years. The protective role of Mediterranean diet (MD) in preventing neurodegenerative diseases has been reported in a number of studies. The Mediterranean dietary pattern includes as distinctive features the moderate intake of red wine and extra virgin olive oil, both of them rich in polyphenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol and their derivatives, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on microglia on in vitro studies. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of dietary phenolic compounds characteristic of the MD in mitigating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, including explanation regarding their bioavailability, metabolism and blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hornedo-Ortega
- MIB, Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Unive. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana B. Cerezo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío M. de Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Krisa
- MIB, Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Unive. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tristan Richard
- MIB, Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Unive. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - M. Carmen García-Parrilla
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M. Troncoso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Sivakumar G, Uccella NA, Gentile L. Probing Downstream Olive Biophenol Secoiridoids. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102892. [PMID: 30249049 PMCID: PMC6212805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous bioactive biophenol secoiridoids (BPsecos) are found in the fruit, leaves, and oil of olives. These BPsecos play important roles in both the taste of food and human health. The main BPseco bioactive from green olive fruits, leaves, and table olives is oleuropein, while olive oil is rich in oleuropein downstream pathway molecules. The aim of this study was to probe olive BPseco downstream molecular pathways that are alike in biological and olive processing systems at different pHs and reaction times. The downstream molecular pathway were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS) and typed neglected of different overlap (TNDO) computational methods. Our study showed oleuropein highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and HOMO-1 triggered the free radical processes, while HOMO-2 and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were polar reactions of glucoside and ester groups. Olive BPsecos were found to be stable under acid and base catalylic experiments. Oleuropein aglycone opened to diales and rearranged to hydroxytyrosil-elenolate under strong reaction conditions. The results suggest that competition among olive BPseco HOMOs could induce glucoside hydrolysis during olive milling due to native olive β-glucosidases. The underlined olive BPsecos downstream molecular mechanism herein could provide new insights into the olive milling process to improve BPseco bioactives in olive oil and table olives, which would enhance both the functional food and the nutraceuticals that are produced from olives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Nicola A Uccella
- IRESMO Foundation Group, via Petrozza 16A, 87040 Montalto Uffugo, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, P. Bucci 42C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department, University of Calabria, P. Bucci 12C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- Molecular Ecology, Microbial Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics (MEMEG) unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
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Imran M, Nadeem M, Gilani SA, Khan S, Sajid MW, Amir RM. Antitumor Perspectives of Oleuropein and Its Metabolite Hydroxytyrosol: Recent Updates. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1781-1791. [PMID: 29928786 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Olive fruit is a significant and promising source of potential bioactive compounds such as oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Oleuropein is the ester of elenolic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (HT). It is the main glycoside in olives, the degradation of which results in the formation of hydroxytyrosol in olive oil. Both plays a significant role in the reduction of coronary heart diseases and a certain type of cancers. Both olive oil phenols have an effective role counter to cell proliferation, cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. They down regulate the expression of BCL-2 and COX-2 proteins, and reduced DNA damage. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein inhibited the multiple stages in colon carcinogenesis; initiation, promotion, and metastasis. They also provide protection against various human cancers including colorectal, skin, breast, thyroid, digestive, lung, brain, blood, and cervical. This review article discusses the anticancer perspectives and mechanisms of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol in cell cultures and animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Univ. Inst. of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Univ. of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Dept. of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Univ. Inst. of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Univ. of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Khan
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Shah Abdul University, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Rai Muhammad Amir
- Inst. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture Univ., Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Malliou F, Andreadou I, Gonzalez FJ, Lazou A, Xepapadaki E, Vallianou I, Lambrinidis G, Mikros E, Marselos M, Skaltsounis AL, Konstandi M. The olive constituent oleuropein, as a PPARα agonist, markedly reduces serum triglycerides. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:17-28. [PMID: 29960113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE), a main constituent of olive, exhibits antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects, while it reduces the infarct size in chow- and cholesterol-fed rabbits. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has essential roles in the control of lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. This study focused on the mechanisms underlying the hypolipidemic activity of OLE and, specifically, on the role of PPARα activation in the OLE-induced effect. Theoretical approach using Molecular Docking Simulations and luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that OLE is a ligand of PPARα. The effect of OLE (100 mg/kg, p.o., per day, ×6 weeks) on serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels was also assessed in adult male wild-type and Ppara-null mice. Molecular Docking Simulations, Luciferase reporter gene assay and gene expression analysis indicated that OLE is a PPARα agonist that up-regulates several PPARα target genes in the liver. This effect was associated with a significant reduction of serum TG and cholesterol levels. In contrast, OLE had no effect in Ppara-null mice, indicating a direct involvement of PPARα in the OLE-induced serum TG and cholesterol reduction. Activation of hormone-sensitive lipase in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver of wild-type mice and up-regulation of several hepatic factors involved in TG uptake, transport, metabolism and clearance may also contribute in the OLE-induced TG reduction. In summary, OLE has a beneficial effect on TG homeostasis via PPARα activation. OLE also activates the hormone sensitive lipase in the WAT and liver and up-regulates several hepatic genes with essential roles in TG homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Malliou
- University of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Vallianou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Marselos
- University of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece
| | | | - Maria Konstandi
- University of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece.
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Gorzynik-Debicka M, Przychodzen P, Cappello F, Kuban-Jankowska A, Marino Gammazza A, Knap N, Wozniak M, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Potential Health Benefits of Olive Oil and Plant Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E686. [PMID: 29495598 PMCID: PMC5877547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of natural plant polyphenols on the human body have been evaluated in a number of scientific research projects. Bioactive polyphenols are natural compounds of various chemical structures. Their sources are mostly fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, roots, bark, leaves of different plants, herbs, whole grain products, processed foods (dark chocolate), as well as tea, coffee, and red wine. Polyphenols are believed to reduce morbidity and/or slow down the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. Biological activity of polyphenols is strongly related to their antioxidant properties. They tend to reduce the pool of reactive oxygen species as well as to neutralize potentially carcinogenic metabolites. A broad spectrum of health-promoting properties of plant polyphenols comprises antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, and anti-mutagenic effects. Scientific studies present the ability of polyphenols to modulate the human immune system by affecting the proliferation of white blood cells, and also the production of cytokines or other factors that participate in the immunological defense. The aim of the review is to focus on polyphenols of olive oil in context of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Przychodzen
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90136 Palermo, Italy.
| | | | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90136 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Narcyz Knap
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biophysics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Yang G, Bibi S, Du M, Suzuki T, Zhu MJ. Regulation of the intestinal tight junction by natural polyphenols: A mechanistic perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3830-3839. [PMID: 27008212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1152230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of the epithelial barrier function is closely linked to the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases, food allergies, type I diabetes, and other systematic diseases. Plant-derived polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites and exert various physiological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-aging effects. Recent studies also show the role of plant polyphenols in regulation of the intestinal barrier and prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Here we summarize the regulatory pathways and mediators linking polyphenols to their beneficial effects on tight junction and gut epithelial barrier functions, and provide useful information about using polyphenols as nutraceuticals for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Yang
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| | - Shima Bibi
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| | - Min Du
- b Department of Animal Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- c Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
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37
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Sarica S, Ozdemir D. The effects of dietary oleuropein and organic selenium supplementation in heat-stressed quails on tonic immobility duration and fluctuating asymmetry. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1351325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senay Sarica
- Department of Animal Science, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Demir Ozdemir
- Vocational School in Technical Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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38
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Deiana M, Serra G, Corona G. Modulation of intestinal epithelium homeostasis by extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds. Food Funct 2018; 9:4085-4099. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil polyphenols concentrate at the intestinal level and, by modulating the microbiota, oxidative status and inflammation, contribute to prevent the onset or delay the progression of inflammatory/degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Gessica Serra
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - Giulia Corona
- Health Sciences Research Centre
- University of Roehampton
- SW15 4JD London
- UK
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Geyikoglu F, Isikgoz H, Onalan H, Colak S, Cerig S, Bakir M, Hosseinigouzdagani M, Koc K, Erol HS, Saglam YS, Yildirim S. Impact of high-dose oleuropein on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity and pathological changes in rat stomach and lung. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:1214-1231. [PMID: 28429624 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1317751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current systemic treatments of the various solid tumors involve Cisplatin (CIS)-based chemotherapy. Due to its cytotoxicity, this approach is limited. Moreover, the safety of CIS is only discussed especially in breast and stomach cancers. Therefore, we, for the first time, explored the restorative efficacy of oleuropein (OLE), in stomach and lung injuries induced by CIS. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: control CIS, OLE and CIS + OLE. Single dose of (7 mg/kg) CIS was administered intraperitoneally to CIS and CIS + OLE groups. After 24 h, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg OLE was given for three consecutive days to OLE and CIS + OLE groups. The 8-OH-dG, total oxidative/antioxidant status (TOS/TAS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated and histopathological analyses were performed on the studied tissues. The results indicated that CIS significantly increased 8-OH-dG, MDA and TOS levels and caused severe tissue damages. However, high dose of OLE induced a significant decrease in the 8-OH-dG, MDA levels, an increase in TAS levels and it restores CIS-induced tissue damages. We hope that the results of this study will provide an impetus for future studies on novel therapeutic strategies including the protective use of oleuropein in gastric and lung cancers due to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatime Geyikoglu
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Ataturk University , Erzurum 25040 , Turkey
| | - Hatice Isikgoz
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Ataturk University , Erzurum 25040 , Turkey
| | - Hakan Onalan
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Ataturk University , Erzurum 25040 , Turkey
| | - Suat Colak
- b Uzumlu Vocational School , Erzincan University , Erzincan 24150 , Turkey
| | - Salim Cerig
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Ataturk University , Erzurum 25040 , Turkey
| | - Murat Bakir
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Ataturk University , Erzurum 25040 , Turkey
| | | | - Kubra Koc
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Ataturk University , Erzurum 25040 , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Serkan Erol
- c Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Biochemistry , Ataturk University , Erzurum 25040 , Turkey
| | - Yavuz Selim Saglam
- d Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology , Ataturk University , Erzurum 25040 , Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- d Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology , Ataturk University , Erzurum 25040 , Turkey
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40
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Peyrol J, Riva C, Amiot MJ. Hydroxytyrosol in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. Nutrients 2017; 9:E306. [PMID: 28335507 PMCID: PMC5372969 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) constitutes the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. VOO is rich in oleic acid, displaying health-promoting properties, but also contains minor bioactive components, especially phenolic compounds. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main polyphenol of olive oil, has been reported to be the most bioactive component. This review aims to compile the results of clinical, animal and cell culture studies evaluating the effects of HT on the features of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) (body weight/adiposity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia/insulin resistance) and associated complications (oxidative stress and inflammation). HT was able to improve the lipid profile, glycaemia, and insulin sensitivity, and counteract oxidative and inflammatory processes. Experimental studies identified multiple molecular targets for HT conferring its beneficial effect on health in spite of its low bioavailability. However, rodent experiments and clinical trials with pure HT at biologically relevant concentrations are still lacking. Moreover, the roles of intestine and its gut microbiota have not been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Peyrol
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Catherine Riva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Marie Josèphe Amiot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Markets, Organisations, Institutions, Stakeholder Strategies, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Montpellier SupAgro, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Division of Nutrtition, Chemical Food Safety and Consumer Behaviour, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75015 Paris, France.
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41
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Bigagli E, Cinci L, Paccosi S, Parenti A, D'Ambrosio M, Luceri C. Nutritionally relevant concentrations of resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol mitigate oxidative burst of human granulocytes and monocytes and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 43:147-155. [PMID: 27998828 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of bio-active phenolic compounds have been largely investigated in vitro at concentrations which exceed those reachable in vivo. We investigated and compared the anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein at physiologically relevant concentrations by using in vitro models of inflammation. Human granulocytes and monocytes were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and the ability of resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein to inhibit the oxidative burst and CD11b expression was measured. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, COX-2, iNOS, TNFα, IL-1β and miR-146a expression and activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 were evaluated in macrophages RAW 264.7 stimulated with LPS (1μg/ml) for 18h, exposed to resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein (5 and 10μM). Synergistic effects were explored as well, together with the levels of PGE2, COX-2 and IL-1β expression in macrophages after 6h of LPS stimulation. PGE2 and COX-2 expression were also assessed on human monocytes. All the tested compounds inhibited granulocytes oxidative burst in a concentration dependent manner and CD11b expression was also significantly counteracted by resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol. The measurement of oxidative burst in human monocytes produced similar effects being resveratrol more active. Hydroxytyrosol and resveratrol inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 but did not reduce iNOS, TNFα or IL-1β gene expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 for 18h. Resveratrol slightly decreased COX-2 expression after 18h but not after 6h, but reduced PGE2 levels after 6h. Resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol 10μM induced NRf2 nuclear translocation and reduced miR-146a expression in LPS treated RAW 264.7. Overall, we reported an anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol at low, nutritionally relevant concentrations, involving the inhibition of granulocytes and monocytes activation, the modulation of miR-146a expression and the activation of Nrf2. A regular dietary intake of resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol may be a useful complementary strategy to control inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Paccosi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
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42
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Oi-Kano Y, Iwasaki Y, Nakamura T, Watanabe T, Goto T, Kawada T, Watanabe K, Iwai K. Oleuropein aglycone enhances UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats by activating β-adrenergic signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:209-218. [PMID: 27951473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oleuropein is the pungent principle of raw olives. Oleuropein aglycone (OA) is a major phenolic compound in extra virgin olive oil and the absorbed form of oleuropein. We aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the nutritional effects of oleuropein and OA on interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) in rats with high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity by examining the agonistic activity of oleuropein and OA toward the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an HF (palm oil 30% wt:wt) diet alone or with oleuropein (HF-O, 1 g/kg diet) for 28 days. In rats fed HF-O compared to HF, urinary noradrenaline, adrenaline and UCP1 levels in IBAT were significantly higher, whereas plasma leptin levels and the total weight of the abdominal cavity adipose tissue were significantly lower. In anaesthetized 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, the OA (3.8 mg of intravenous injection)-induced increase in plasma noradrenaline secretion was suppressed by TRPA1 or TRPV1 antagonist and by a β2- or β3-adrenoceptor antagonist. Furthermore, OA-activated rat and human TRPV1s expressed on HEK293 cells at the same level as zingerone (pungent component in ginger). OA also activated humanTRPA1, and its potency was approximately 10-fold stronger than that for TRPV1. These findings suggest that OA is the agonist of both TRPA1 and TRPV1 and that OA enhances UCP1 expression in IBAT with a concomitant decrease in the visceral fat mass of HF-diet-induced obese rats through enhanced noradrenaline secretion via β-adrenergic action following TRPA1 and TRPV1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Oi-Kano
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Home Economics, Kobe Women's University, Suma, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Watanabe
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Iwai
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Home Economics, Kobe Women's University, Suma, Kobe, Japan
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43
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Dueik V, Bouchon P. Development of polyphenol-enriched vacuum and atmospheric fried matrices: Evaluation of quality parameters and in vitro bioavailability of polyphenols. Food Res Int 2016; 88:166-172. [PMID: 28847397 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are very unstable and may be degraded when exposed to harsh conditions, such as those found in frying. The inclusion of vacuum seems to be a reasonable solution to avoid these adverse effects. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of olive-leaf polyphenol extract on quality parameters of vacuum and atmospheric fried gluten-starch matrices. Matrices were prepared using 12% (d.b.) gluten and 88% (d.b.) starch, using either native or a mixture of native (90%) and pre-gelatinized starch (10%). Polyphenols were added as a freeze-dried powder. Atmospheric and vacuum (91.4kPa, Twater boiling point=46°C) frying were compared using an equivalent thermal driving force, which is defined as the difference between oil temperature and water boiling point at the working pressure. Bioavailability of polyphenols was evaluated using simulated digestion and caco-2 cells absorption. The addition of pre-gelatinized starch significantly decreased oil absorption in vacuum fried matrices, however, no significant differences were noted when added into atmospheric fried ones. Polyphenols retention was higher than 70% in vacuum fried matrices. Their bioavailability was ~15%, much higher than in atmospheric fried ones (~8%), and that the one reported in other studies. Interestingly, polyphenol addition reduced the oil content of vacuum fried snacks by 20%. This could be attributed to the hydrating effect of polyphenols, which may facilitate starch gelatinization, improving structure formation during vacuum frying, which will be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dueik
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, PO Box 306, 6904411, Chile.
| | - P Bouchon
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, PO Box 306, 6904411, Chile
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44
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Sarıca Ş, Özdemir D, Öztürk H. The Effects of Dietary Oleuropein and Organic Selenium Supplementation on Performance and Heat Shock Protein 70 Response of Brain in Heat-Stressed Quail. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion by Freely Moving Rats of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA and Related Polyphenols from Olive Fruits (Olea europaea). J Nutr Metab 2016; 2016:9104208. [PMID: 26904279 PMCID: PMC4745926 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, oleuropein, and hydroxytyrosol isolated from olive fruits were newly evaluated after oral and intravenous administration in freely moving rats cannulated in the portal vein, jugular vein, and bile duct. Orally administered 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, an important bioactive compound in olive pomace, was readily absorbed and metabolized to hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic acid, and homovanillyl alcohol, as shown by dose-normalized 4 h area under the curve (AUC0→4 h/Dose) values of 27.7, 4.5, and 4.2 μM·min·kg/μmol, respectively, in portal plasma after oral administration. The parent compound 3,4-DHPEA-EDA was not observed in the portal plasma, urine, and bile after oral and intravenous administration. Additionally, hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic acid, and homovanillyl alcohol in the portal plasma after oral administration of hydroxytyrosol showed 51.1, 22.8, and 7.1 μM·min·kg/μmol AUC0→4 h/Dose, respectively. When oleuropein, a polar glucoside, was injected orally, oleuropein in the portal plasma showed 0.9 μM·min·kg/μmol AUC0→4 h/Dose. However, homovanillic acid was detected from oleuropein in only a small amount in the portal plasma. Moreover, the bioavailability of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein for 4 hours was 13.1% and 0.5%, respectively. Because the amount of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA in olive fruits is about 2-3 times greater than that of hydroxytyrosol, the metabolites of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA will influence biological activities.
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46
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Sarica S, Toptas S. Effects of dietary oleuropein supplementation on growth performance, serum lipid concentrations and lipid oxidation of Japanese quails. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:1176-86. [PMID: 24828881 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An in vivo experiment was conducted to compare the effects of dietary supplementation with oleuropein and/or α-tocopheryl acetate on growth performance, serum lipid concentrations and lipid oxidation of Japanese quail meat during refrigerated storage. Performance and slaughtering parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. The diets supplemented with oleuropein at the levels of 150 or 200 mg/kg were more effective in delaying lipid oxidation in breast and thigh meats compared with the control diet. The dietary inclusion of neither vitamin E nor oleuropein at different levels did not significantly affect the fatty acid compositions of the breast meat compared with the control diet. The diets supplemented with oleuropein at the levels of 150 or 200 mg/kg had significantly the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid and omega-3 fatty acid contents in thigh meat compared with the vitamin E diet. The ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 FAs in thigh meat of quails fed diet supplemented with vitamin E at the level of 200 mg/kg was equivalent to those of quails fed the diets supplemented with oleuropein at the levels of 100 and 150 mg/kg. The results showed that the dietary oleuropein supplementation at 150 mg/kg level may be used in quail diets enriched with the polyunsaturated fatty acids of vitamin E as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarica
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tasliciftlik, Tokat, Turkey
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Macková A, Mučaji P, Widowitz U, Bauer R. In vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ligustrum vulgare Extracts and Their Analytical Characterization. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the anti-inflammatory effects of Ligustrum vulgare L., which has been used traditionally in China and Japan prompted us to determine anti-inflammatory effects of the plant's compounds in leukocytes. The leaves of L. vulgare were used to prepare a decoction which was successively extracted with organic solvents (dichloromethane (DCM), n-butanol, ethyl acetate) using liquid-liquid partition. Extracts were tested for inhibition of LTB4, resp. PGE2 biosynthesis. Each extract was evaluated for its in vitro cyclooxygenase-1/2 (COX-1/2) inhibitory activity using assays with purified COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, as well as for their LTB4 formation inhibitory activity using an assay with activated human neutrophil granulocytes. All extracts reported inhibitory actions against COXs in comparison with the synthetic inhibitors NS-398 (IC50 = 2.6 μM) and indomethacin (IC50 = 0.9 μM). The dichloromethane extract of privet leaves showed a considerable inhibitory effect against COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme activity. The DCM extract revealed 2.7 times higher inhibitory activity against LTB4 formation in comparison with the known specific LT inhibitor zileuton (IC50 = 5.0 μM). Additionally, oleuropein and echinacoside were detected by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS in the Ligustrum vulgare leaves. Both compounds exhibited weak inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenases and leukotriene formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Macková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ute Widowitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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García-Villalba R, Larrosa M, Possemiers S, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Bioavailability of phenolics from an oleuropein-rich olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract and its acute effect on plasma antioxidant status: comparison between pre- and postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1015-27. [PMID: 24158653 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies suggest a potential protective effect of oleuropein in osteoporosis, and one of the proposed mechanisms is the modulation of the oxidative stress. Oleuropein bioavailability and its effect on antioxidant status in pre- and postmenopausal women are unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the oral bioavailability of an olive leaf extract rich in oleuropein (40 %) and its effect on antioxidant status in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. METHODS Premenopausal (n = 8) and postmenopausal women (n = 8) received 250 mg of olive leaf extract, blood samples (t = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h) were taken, and 24-h urine divided into five fractions was collected. Olive-leaf-extract-derived metabolites were analyzed in plasma and urine by HPLC-ESI-QTOF and UPLC-ESI-QqQ, and pharmacokinetics parameters were determined. Ferric reducing antioxidant ability and malondialdehyde levels were measured in plasma. RESULTS Plasma levels of hydroxytyrosol glucuronide, hydroxytyrosol sulfate, oleuropein aglycon glucuronide and oleuropein aglycon derivative 1 were higher in postmenopausal women. MDA levels were significantly decreased (32%) in postmenopausal women and inversely correlated with hydroxytyrosol sulfate levels. Postmenopausal women excreted less sulfated metabolites in urine than premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that postmenopausal women could be a target population for the intake of olive phenolics in order to prevent age-related and oxidative stress-related processes such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R García-Villalba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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