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Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang Z, Dong Y, Yi D, Wu T, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y. Dietary supplementation with a complex of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and thymol negatively affects the intestinal function in LPS-challenged piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1098579. [PMID: 37065240 PMCID: PMC10097997 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1098579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol complex (CCT) on the growth performance and intestinal function of piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined. Colistin sulphate (CS) was as a positive control. Method Piglets (n = 24, 32 days of age) were allocated to four treatments: Control group (fed basal diet), LPS group (fed basal diet), CS+LPS group (fed basal diet + 50 mg/kg CS), and CCT+LPS group (fed basal diet + 50 mg/kg CCT). Results Results showed that diarrhea rates of piglets were significantly reduced by CCT and CS supplementation respectively. Further research showed that CS supplementation tended to improve the intestinal absorption function in LPS-challenged piglets. Moreover, CS supplementation significantly reduced the contents of cortisol in blood and malondialdehyde in the duodenum and the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the duodenum and ileum and total nitric oxide synthase in the ileum in LPS-challenged piglets. CS supplementation significantly increased the activities of sucrase in the ileum and myeloperoxidase in the jejunum in LPS-challenged piglets. CS supplementation significantly alleviated the reduced mRNA levels of immune-related genes (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) in mesenteric lymph nodes and jejunum and mucosal growth-related genes (IGF-1, mTOR, ALP) in LPS-challenged piglets. These results suggested that CS supplementation improved the intestinal function in LPS-challenged piglets by improving intestinal oxidative stress, immune stress, and absorption and repair function. However, although CCT supplementation improved oxidative stress by reducing (p < 0.05) the content of malondialdehyde and the activity of nitric oxide synthase in the duodenum, CCT supplementation tended to aggravate the intestinal absorption dysfunction in LPS-challenged piglets. Furthermore, compared with the control and LPS groups, CCT supplementation remarkably elevated the content of prostaglandin in plasma and the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 in mesenteric lymph nodes and jejunum, and reduced the activity of maltase in the ileum in LPS-challenged piglets. These results suggested that CCT supplementation had a negative effect on intestinal function by altering intestinal immune stress response and reducing disaccharidase activity in LPS-challenged piglets. Conclusions Compared to CS, CCT supplementation exhibited a negative effect on intestinal function, suggesting whether CCT can be as an effective feed additive still needs further study.
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M 6A RNA Methylation Mediates NOD1/NF-kB Signaling Activation in the Liver of Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101954. [PMID: 36290677 PMCID: PMC9598714 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification that widely participates in various immune and inflammatory responses; however, its regulatory mechanisms in the inflammation of liver induced by lipopolysaccharide in piglets remain largely unknown. In the present study, piglets were intraperitoneally injected with 80 μg/kg LPS or an equal dose of sterile saline. Results indicated that LPS administration increased activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), induced M1 macrophage polarization and promoted secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and finally led to hepatic lesions in piglets. The NOD1/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in the livers of the LPS group. Moreover, the total m6A level was significantly elevated after LPS treatment. MeRIP-seq showed that 1166 and 1344 transcripts contained m6A methylation in control and LPS groups, respectively. The m6A methylation sites of these transcripts mainly distributes in the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), the coding sequence (CDS), and the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). Interestingly, these genes were mostly enriched in the NF-κB signaling pathway, and LPS treatment significantly changed the m6A modification in NOD1, RIPK2, NFKBIA, NFKBIB, and TNFAIP3 mRNAs. In addition, knockdown of METTL3 or overexpression of FTO both changed gene levels in the NOD1/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that activation of this pathway was regulated by m6A RNA methylation. Moreover, the alteration of m6A RNA methylation profile may be associated with the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), HIF-1α, and MAT2A. In conclusion, LPS activated the NOD1/NF-κB pathway at post-transcriptional regulation through changing m6A RNA methylation, and then promoted the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, ultimately resulting in liver inflammation and damage.
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Shil A, Davies C, Gautam L, Roberts J, Chichger H. Investigating the Opposing Effect of Two Different Green Tea Supplements on Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Cell Viability in HepG2 Cells. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:459-482. [PMID: 33729080 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1894304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Green tea extract (GTE) improves exercise outcomes and reduces obesity. However, case studies indicate contradictory physiology regarding liver function and toxicity. We studied the effect of two different decaffeinated GTE (dGTE) products, from a non-commercial (dGTE1) and commercial (dGTE2) supplier, on hepatocyte function using the human cell model, HepG2. dGTE1 was protective against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis and cell death by attenuating oxidative stress pathways. Conversely, dGTE2 increased cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis. A bioavailability study with dGTE showed the major catechin in GTE, EGCG, reached 0.263 µg·ml-1. In vitro, at this concentration, EGCG mimicked the protective effect of dGTE1. GC/MS analysis identified steric acid and higher levels of palmitic acid in dGTE2 versus dGTE1 supplements. We demonstrate the significant biological differences between two GTE supplements which may have potential implications for manufacturers and consumers to be aware of the biological effects of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shil
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Davies
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lata Gautam
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justin Roberts
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Havovi Chichger
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Zhang JX, Xu QY, Yang Y, Li N, Zhang Y, Deng LH, Zhu QX, Shen T. Kupffer cell inactivation ameliorates immune liver injury via TNF-α/TNFR1 signal pathway in trichloroethylene sensitized mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:545-555. [PMID: 32811237 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1811306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
METHODS 36 female BALB/c mice were selected and randomly divided the mice into four groups. We established a BALB/c mouse model of TCE sensitization and pretreatment with GdCl3 (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection during the during the 17th and 19th days. RESULTS We found F4/80, the marker of Kupffer cell, was increased in TCE positive group. GdCl3 treatment successfully blocked the activation of Kupffer cell. TNF-α was increased significantly in liver of TCE sensitized mice and decreased significantly when low-dose GdCl3 was used. We found TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) was increased significantly and GdCl3 treatment resumed the expression of TNFR1 to normal level, as well as the F4/80, TNF-α and TNFR1 mRNA. We also found both caspase-8 and caspase-3 increased in TCE positive group and decreased in TCE + GdCl3 positive group. The number of apoptotic cells in TCE sensitized mice increased by TUNEL staining, and GdCl3 treatment alleviated this increase. Some cells showed edema and inflammatory cell aggregation in liver of TCE positive group, while in the TCE + GdCl3 positive group, the cytoplasm became loose and vacuole-like degeneration occurred. CONCLUSION Our study unveils cross-talk between Kupffer cell activation and TNFR1 which mediate apoptosis in liver of TCE sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong-Ying Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Deng
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qi-Xing Zhu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Yang L, Liu G, Liang X, Wang M, Zhu X, Luo Y, Shang Y, Yang JQ, Zhou P, Gu XL. Effects of berberine on the growth performance, antioxidative capacity and immune response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in broilers. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1229-1238. [PMID: 31264347 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of berberine on growth performance, immunity, haematological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of immune response-related genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. We assigned 120 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) to two treatment groups; each group included two subgroups, each of which included six replicates of five birds per replicate. The experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with berberine treatment (0 or 60 mg/kg dietary) and challenge status [injection of saline (9 g/L w/v) or LPS (1.5 mg/kg body weight)] as the main factors. On days 14, 16, 18 and 20, broilers were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or physiological saline. Blood and liver samples were collected on day 21. Dietary berberine supplementation significantly alleviated the compromised average daily gain and average daily feed intake (p < 0.05) caused by LPS. The LPS challenge led to increased lymphocyte and white blood cell (WBC) counts, malondialdehyde (serum and liver) content, and immunoglobulin G and M, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (p < 0.05). Dietary berberine significantly mitigated the LPS-induced decreases in the mRNA expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitrite synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (p < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, berberine supplementation has a positive effect on LPS challenge, which may be related to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibition of both NF-κB signalling and the expression of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Quan Yang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Xin-Li Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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Toda S. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Polyphenols in Leaves of Artemisia Princeps Pamp. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Artemisia princeps Pamp have been used for tea and food in Japan. The polyphenols of the leaves have inhibitory effects against lipid peroxidation and protein fragmentation by free radicals in vitro and an inhibitory effect on galactosamine -lipopolysaccharide induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. The levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lipid peroxidation in serum and liver by hepatotoxity were depressed by polyphenols in A. princeps Pamp. The depression of gluthathione and superoxide dismutase in plasma and liver by hepatotoxity were elevated by polyphenols in A. princeps Pamp. These results demonstrated that polyphenols in A. princeps Pamp have antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuo Toda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kansai College of Oriental Medicine, 2-11-1 Wakaba, Kumatori, Sen-nan, Osaka 590-0482, Japan
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Gabr SA, Gabr NS, Elsaed WM. Aqueous Green Tea Extract and Prediction of Fibrosis in Lipopolysaccharide Intoxicated Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.403.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Zhao D, Wu T, Yi D, Wang L, Li P, Zhang J, Hou Y, Wu G. Dietary Supplementation with Lactobacillus casei Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury in a Porcine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122535. [PMID: 29186870 PMCID: PMC5751138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) could relieve liver injury in piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Piglets were randomly allocated into one of the three groups: control, LPS, and L. casei. The control and LPS groups were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet, whereas the L. casei group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 6 × 10⁶ cfu/g L. casei. On Day 31 of the trial, piglets in the LPS and L. casei groups received intraperitoneal administration of LPS (100 µg/kg body weight), while the control group received the same volume of saline. Blood and liver samples were collected for analysis. Results showed that L. casei supplementation decreased the feed/gain ratio (p = 0.027) and diarrhea incidence (p < 0.001), and attenuated LPS-induced liver histomorphological abnormalities. Compared with the control group, LPS challenge dramatically increased glutamyl transpeptidase activity (p = 0.001) in plasma as well as the concentrations of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (p = 0.048), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p = 0.041), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.001) in the liver, while decreasing the hepatic SOD activity. LPS also increased (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels for IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the liver. The adverse effects of LPS challenge were ameliorated by L. casei supplementation. In conclusion, dietary L. casei alleviates LPS-induced liver injury via reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Shikonin protects against D-Galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute hepatic injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91542-91550. [PMID: 29207664 PMCID: PMC5710944 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, a naphthoquinone isolated from the root of medical herb Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. However, there is no related research for the treatment of shikonin on hepaic injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shikonin on D-Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in mice. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with shikonin 1 h before LPS/D-GalN treatment. The pathological changes of hepatic injury were detected by H&E staining. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in hepatic tissues were detected by ELISA. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also measured in this study. In addition, the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB were determined by western blot analysis. These results suggest that shikonin effectively prevents LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury by inhibiting AST and ALT levels, as well as inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β production. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κB activation induced by LPS/D-GalN were also inhibited by treatment of shikonin. In vitro, shikonin significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production, as well as TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that shikonin attenuates LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Green tea activity and iron overload induced molecular fibrogenesis of rat liver. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 26:531-540. [PMID: 30899168 PMCID: PMC6408694 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload toxicity was shown to associate with chronic liver diseases which lead to hepatic fibrosis and subsequently the progression to cancer through oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways. Green tea potential activity as chelating, anti-oxidative, or anti-apoptotic mechanisms against metal toxicity was poorly clarified. Here, we are trying to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of green tea in the regulation of serum hepcidin levels, reduction in iron overloads, and improve of liver fibrosis in iron overloaded experimental rats. Three groups of male adult rats were randomly classified into three groups and treated as follows: control rats, iron treated rats for two months in drinking water followed by either vehicle or green tea extract (AGTE; 100 mg/kg) treatment for 2 more months. Thereafter, we studied the effects of AGTE on iron overload-induced lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant depletion, liver cell injury and apoptosis. Treatment of iron-overloaded rats with AGTE resulted in marked decreases in iron accumulation within liver, depletion in serum ferritin, and hepcidin levels. Iron-overloaded rats had significant increase in malonyldialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) in liver when compared to control group. Also, significant change in cytochrome c and DNA content as apoptotic markers were reported in iron treated rats. The effects of iron overload on lipid peroxidation, NO levels, cytochrome c and DNA content were significantly reduced by the intervention treatment with AGTE (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the endogenous anti-oxidant capacities/levels (TAC) in liver were also significantly decreased in chronic iron overload and administration of AGTE restored the decrease in the hepatic antioxidant activities/levels. Also, hepatic hepcidin was shown to be significantly correlated with oxidative and apoptotic relating biomarkers as well as an improvement in liver fibrosis of iron treated rats following AGTE treatment. In-vitro analysis showed that, the improvement in iron toxicity of the liver depend mainly on antioxidant and protective ability of green tea polyphenolic compounds especiallyepigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Our study showed that green tea extract (GTE) ameliorates iron overload induced hepatotoxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat liver via inhibition of hepatic iron accumulation; improve of liver antioxidant capacity, and down regulation of serum hepcidin as well as reduction in the release of apoptotic relating proteins.
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Camellia sinensis L. Extract and Its Potential Beneficial Effects in Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Hepatotoxic, and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030401. [PMID: 28273866 PMCID: PMC6155403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the potential benefits of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase activities of a methanolic extract of fresh tea leaves (FTE) (Camellia sinensis L.). The antioxidant capacity was investigated using three different methods at different temperatures. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied in vitro by the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase assay. The anti-hepatotoxic effect was investigated in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. The anti-tyrosinase activities of the FTE and its principal phenolic compounds were investigated in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) oxidation by a mushroom tyrosinase. A molecular docking study was conducted to determine how the FTE’s principal catechins interact with the tyrosinase. The FTE exhibited the best shelf life at low temperatures and demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase effects compared to positive references. Treatment of rats with the FTE at 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days reversed CCl4-induced oxidative damage in hepatic tissues by lowering the levels of alanine aminotransferase by 69% and malondialdehyde by 90%. Our findings suggest that the FTE has the capacity to scavenge free radicals and can protect against oxidative stress induced by CCl4 intoxication. The docking results were consistent with our in vitro data, indicating the anti-tyrosinase potency of the principal catechins.
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Allam AA, Gabr SA, Ajarem J, Alghadir AH, Sekar R, Chow BK. GENO PROTECTIVE AND ANTI-APOPTOTIC EFFECT OF GREEN TEA AGAINST PERINATAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-EXPOSURE INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN RAT NEWBORNS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 14:166-176. [PMID: 28573233 PMCID: PMC5446441 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aims to examine the protective effect of green tea on the disturbances in oxidative stress and apoptosis related factors, mostly produced due to perinatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, that subsequently induces liver cell damage. Materials and Methods: Anti-free radical, Antioxidant, scavenging, geno-protective, and antiapoptotic activity of aqueous green tea extract (AGTE) were assessed against LPS-induced hepatic dysfunction in newborn-rats. AGTE at doses of 100 & 200 mg/kg was orally administered daily to rat dams, during gestation and lactation. Results: AGTE was observed to exhibit protective effects by significantly attenuating LPS-induced alterations in serum AST, ALT, bilirubin, and albumin levels. Significant increase in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DNA contents, and reduction in nitric oxide (NO) levels were observed in AGTE treated rats comparing LPS-toxicated ones. Additionally, AGTE treatment significantly down-regulated apoptotic markers and this effect was directly correlated to the degree of hepatic fibrosis. The possible mechanisms of the potential therapeutic-liver protective effect of AGTE could be due to free radical scavenging potential and antiapoptotic properties caused by the presence of antioxidant polyphenolic components in AGTE. Conclusion: We thereby propose, based on our findings, that the anti-free radical and anti-apoptotic inducing properties of AGTE active constituents attribute to its functional efficacy as anti-fibrotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University P.O.Box 2455, Riyadhll451, Saudia Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt
| | - Sami A Gabr
- King Saud University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Chair, Riyadh11451, Saudia Arabia.,Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University P.O.Box 2455, Riyadhll451, Saudia Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- King Saud University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Chair, Riyadh11451, Saudia Arabia
| | - Revathi Sekar
- University of Hong Kong, School of Biological Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Billy Kc Chow
- University of Hong Kong, School of Biological Sciences, Hong Kong, China
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Yan BZ, Yang BS, Li H, Zhang YF, Pei FH, Zhu AC, Wang XR, Liu BR. The therapeutic effect of CORM-3 on acute liver failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine in mice. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2016; 15:73-80. [PMID: 26818546 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe and life-threatening clinical syndrome resulting in a high mortality and extremely poor prognosis. Recently, a water-soluble CO-releasing molecule (CORM-3) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effect. The present study was to investigate the effect of CORM-3 on ALF and elucidate its underlying mechanism. METHODS ALF was induced by a combination of LPS/D-GalN in mice which were treated with CORM-3 or inactive CORM-3 (iCORM-3). The efficacy of CORM-3 was evaluated based on survival, liver histopathology, serum aminotransferase activities (ALT and AST) and total bilirubin (TBiL). Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and IL-10) and liver immunohistochemistry of NF-kappaB-p65 were determined; the expression of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2 and TLR4 was measured using Western blotting. RESULTS The pretreatment with CORM-3 significantly improved the liver histology and the survival rate of mice compared with the controls; CORM-3 also decreased the levels of ALT, AST and TBiL. Furthermore, CORM-3 significantly inhibited the increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta) and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) productions in ALF mice. Moreover, CORM-3 significantly reduced the increased expression of iNOS and TLR4 in liver tissues and inhibited the nuclear expression of NF-kappaB-p65. CORM-3 had no effect on the increased expression of COX-2 in the ALF mice. An iCORM-3 failed to prevent acute liver damage induced by LPS/D-GalN. CONCLUSION These findings provided evidence that CORM-3 may offer a novel alternative approach for the management of ALF through anti-inflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhu Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
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Alkharfy KM, Ahmad A, Raish M, Vanhoutte PM. Thymoquinone modulates nitric oxide production and improves organ dysfunction of sepsis. Life Sci 2015; 143:131-8. [PMID: 26285172 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of thymoquinone in a septic animal model and to explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the process. MAIN METHODS To achieve this, mice (n=12 per group) were treated in parallel with thymoquinone (0.75mg/kg/day) and/or NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 400μg/g/day) prior to sepsis induction with live Escherichia coli. KEY FINDINGS Thymoquinone significantly improved renal and hepatic functions alone and in combination with L-NAME. This was associated with less NO production and lower oxidative stress in treated animals. Tumor necrosis factor-α concentration with thymoquinone and L-NAME were 36.27±3.41pg/ml and 56.55±5.85pg/ml, respectively, as opposed to 141.11±6.46pg/ml in septic controls. Similarly, Interleukin-1α, 2, 6 and 10 levels decreased significantly upon treatment with thymoquinone and L-NAME as compared with untreated septic animals. NF-κB and NF-κB-DNA binding activity in nuclear proteins were also significantly down-regulated. Vascular responsiveness studies in isolated mouse aortae demonstrated a reduced relaxation to acetylcholine exposure in septic mice treated with thymoquinone. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that thymoquinone prevents sequels of the multiple organ failure syndrome of sepsis by modulating the production of NO and its inflammatory sequela, and adjusting vascular responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Biomarkers Research Program, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Cho HI, Hong JM, Choi JW, Choi HS, Hwan Kwak J, Lee DU, Kook Lee S, Lee SM. β-Caryophyllene alleviates D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury through suppression of the TLR4 and RAGE signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:613-621. [PMID: 26254779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Agastache rugosa (A. rugosa, Labiatae), a perennial herb spread throughout Korean fields, is widely consumed as a wild edible vegetable and is used in folk medicine. This study examined the hepatoprotective mechanisms of β-caryophyllene (BCP), a major bicyclic sesquiterpene of A. rugosa, against D-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic failure. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of BCP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) 1 h before GalN (800 mg/kg)/LPS (40 μg/kg) injection and were killed 1 h or 6 h after GalN/LPS injection. GalN/LPS markedly increased mortality and serum aminotransferase activity, both of which were attenuated by BCP. BCP also attenuated increases in serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and high-mobility group protein B1 levels by GalN/LPS. GalN/LPS significantly increased toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein expression, extracellular signal-related kinase, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), early growth response protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 protein expression. These increases were attenuated by BCP. Furthermore, BCP suppressed increased TLR4 and RAGE protein expression and proinflammatory cytokines production in LPS-treated isolated Kupffer cells. Our findings suggest that BCP protects against GalN/LPS-induced liver injury through down-regulation of the TLR4 and RAGE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ik Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Wan Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ung Lee
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Huang YQ, Lu X, Min H, Wu QQ, Shi XT, Bian KQ, Zou XP. Green tea and liver cancer risk: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies in Asian populations. Nutrition 2015; 32:3-8. [PMID: 26412579 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether an association existed between green tea consumption and the risk for liver cancer in prospective cohort studies in Asian populations. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and the Chinese Bio-medicine Database published before April 2015. Study-specific risk estimates for the highest versus non- or lowest and increment of daily cup of green tea consumption levels were combined based on fixed- or random-effects models. STATA 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Nine prospective cohort articles involving 465,274 participants and 3694 cases of liver cancer from China, Japan, and Singapore were included. The summary relative risk (RR) indicated a significant association between the highest green tea consumption and reduced risk for liver cancer (summary RR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.97). However, no statistically significant association was observed when analyzing daily consumption of one cup (summary RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-1.00). When stratified by sex, the protective effect of green tea consumption on risk for liver cancer was observed only in the group of women (summary RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.96), but not in men (summary RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79-1.00). CONCLUSIONS The present analysis indicated the preventive effects of green tea intake on the risk for liver cancer in female Asian populations. However, additional studies are needed to make a convincing case for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang-Qi Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Wang L, Hou Y, Yi D, Li Y, Ding B, Zhu H, Liu J, Xiao H, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with glutamate precursor α-ketoglutarate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in young pigs. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1309-18. [PMID: 25795418 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in glutamate as a functional amino acid in nutrition and health. This study was conducted to determine whether glutamate precursor α-ketoglutarate (AKG) could alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in young pigs. Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned to the control, LPS, or LPS + AKG group. Piglets in the control and LPS groups were fed a basal diet, whereas piglets in the NAC group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1 % AKG. On days 10, 12, 14, and 16 of the trial, piglets in the LPS and LPS + AKG groups received intraperitoneal administration of LPS (80 μg/kg BW), whereas piglets in the control group received the same volume of saline. On day 16 of the trial, blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS or saline injection. Twenty-four hours post-administration of LPS or saline (on day 17 of the trial), piglets were killed to obtain liver for analysis. Dietary AKG supplementation alleviated LPS-induced histomorphological abnormalities and mitigated LPS-induced increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and AST/ALT ratio (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, dietary supplementation with AKG decreased plasma glutamate concentration, while increasing hepatic concentrations of glutamate, glutamine, leucine, asparagine, lysine, alanine, serine, threonine, valine, and phenylalanine (P < 0.05). LPS challenge dramatically increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver. Additionally, LPS challenge enhanced concentrations of AMP and total protein, as well as RNA/DNA and total protein/DNA ratios, while decreasing hepatic ADP concentrations. These adverse effects of LPS challenge were ameliorated by AKG supplementation. Collectively, dietary AKG supplementation provides a new means to ameliorate LPS-induced liver injury by increasing anti-oxidative capacity and improving energy metabolism in young pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
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Cho HI, Park JH, Choi HS, Kwak JH, Lee DU, Lee SK, Lee SM. Protective mechanisms of acacetin against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2497-2503. [PMID: 25382719 DOI: 10.1021/np500537x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the hepatoprotective effects of acacetin (1), a flavonoid isolated from Agastache rugosa, against d-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 1 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), or the vehicle alone (5% dimethyl sulfoxide-saline), 1 h before GalN (800 mg/kg)/LPS (40 μg/kg) treatment and sacrificed at 6 h after GalN/LPS injection. GalN/LPS markedly increased mortality and serum aminotransferase activity, and these increases were attenuated by 1. GalN/LPS increased serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, while 1 attenuated TNF-α levels and further increased IL-6 levels. GalN/LPS increased protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase, and p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and increased nuclear protein expression of nuclear factor κB; these increases were attenuated by 1. GalN/LPS increased Atg5 and Atg7 protein expressions, and these increases were augmented by 1. GalN/LPS activated autophagic flux as indicated by decreased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II and sequestosome1/p62 protein expression. This activation was enhanced by 1. These findings suggest that 1 protects against GalN/LPS-induced liver injury by suppressing TLR4 signaling and enhancing autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ik Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Moravcova A, Cervinkova Z, Kucera O, Mezera V, Lotkova H. Antioxidative effect of epigallocatechin gallate against D-galactosamine-induced injury in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2014; 57:3-8. [PMID: 25006656 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Literature data support that green tea and its major component epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have powerful antioxidant effects. Contrary, hepatotoxicity can be induced by high-dose EGCG. The timing of exposure to green tea in relation to administration of hepatotoxic agent plays an import role too. The aim of our work was a verification of antioxidative effect of EGCG on D-galactosamine-induced injury in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were incubated with EGCG at concentrations of 1.25-10 μM and toxic D-galactosamine (GalN) for 24 hrs. Alternatively, hepatocytes were pretreated with EGCG for 24 hrs, and then incubated with EGCG and GalN for further 24 hrs. Cytotoxicity was analysed by lactate dehydrogenase activity, functional capacity by albumin production. Oxidative stress was evaluated from a production of malondialdehyde and glutathione content in the cells. EGCG protected hepatocytes against GalN-induced cytotoxicity but preventive treatment of intact hepatocytes with EGCG was required to diminish the development of hepatocyte injury. Oxidative stress induced in our study seems to overcome the ability of hepatocytes to improve GSH depletion and albumin production. Prolongation of the pretreatment with EGCG could be a promising strategy leading to amelioration of its hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Moravcova
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic: Department of Physiology
| | - Zuzana Cervinkova
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic: Department of Physiology
| | - Otto Kucera
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic: Department of Physiology
| | - Vojtech Mezera
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic: Department of Physiology
| | - Halka Lotkova
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic: Department of Physiology
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Anin VitroEffect of Coffee on the Antigen-Specific Immune Responses of Naïve Splenocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:393-5. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Continuous Orally Administered Coffee Enhanced the Antigen-Specific Th1 Response and Reduced Allergic Development in a TCR-Transgenic Mice Model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:2439-44. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Capek P, Paulovičová E, Matulová M, Mislovičová D, Navarini L, Suggi-Liverani F. Coffea arabica instant coffee—Chemical view and immunomodulating properties. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:418-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dietary N-acetylcysteine supplementation alleviates liver injury in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:46-54. [PMID: 23829996 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could modulate liver injury in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglet model. For this purpose, eighteen piglets were randomly assigned to the control, LPS or NAC group. Piglets in the control and LPS groups were fed a basal diet, whereas those in the NAC group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg NAC. On days 10, 13 and 20 of the trial, the LPS- and NAC-treated piglets were intraperitoneally administered LPS (100 μg/kg body weight), while the control group was administered the same volume of saline. On day 20 of the trial, blood samples were obtained 3 h after LPS or saline injection. On day 21, the piglets were killed to collect liver samples. Dietary NAC supplementation attenuated LPS-induced liver histomorphological abnormalities. Compared with the control group, in the LPS-challenged piglets, the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and the concentrations of H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE2 were dramatically increased in the plasma and the activity of superoxide dismutase in the plasma and that of glutathione peroxidase in the liver were significantly decreased. The LPS challenge also increased the concentration of AMP and the ratio of AMP:ATP, but decreased adenylate energy charges and the levels of ATP and ADP. These adverse effects of the LPS challenge were ameliorated by NAC supplementation. Moreover, NAC inhibited the LPS-induced increases in the abundance of liver heat shock protein 70 and NF-κB proteins. In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary NAC supplementation alleviates LPS-induced liver injury by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing the antioxidative capacity and improving energy metabolism.
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Nishiumi S, Mukai R, Ichiyanagi T, Ashida H. Suppression of lipopolysaccharide and galactosamine-induced hepatic inflammation by red grape pomace. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9315-9320. [PMID: 22928618 DOI: 10.1021/jf302298n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Grape pomace is generated in the production process of wine and grape juices and is an industrial waste. This study investigated whether an intake of grape pomace was able to suppress chronic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and galactosamine (GalN) in vivo. When Sprague-Dawley rats were orally given methanolic extracts from red and white grape pomace, the extracts inhibited the LPS/GalN-evoked activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) dose-dependently, and red grape pomace exerted a stronger effect than white grape one. Next, rats were fed an AIN93 M-based diet containing 5% red grape pomace for 7 days, followed by the intraperitoneal injection of LPS and GalN. The intake of the red grape pomace-supplemented diet was found to suppress the LPS/GalN-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins. These results suggest that red grape pomace may contain an abundance of effective compound(s) for anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nishiumi
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Hiraganahalli BD, Chinampudur VC, Dethe S, Mundkinajeddu D, Pandre MK, Balachandran J, Agarwal A. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of standardized herbal extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2012; 8:116-23. [PMID: 22701284 PMCID: PMC3371432 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.96553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phyllanthus emblica, Camellia sinensis, Mangifera indica, Punica granatum, and Acacia catechu have been shown to possess widespread pharmacological application against multitude of diseases namely cancer, diabetes, liver disorders, and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of the standardized herbal extracts against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BH) induced toxicity and their mechanism of hepatoprotective action in human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2 cell line). MATERIALS AND METHODS The hepatoprotective activity was studied by observing the effect of these herbal extracts on t-BH induced reduction in cell viability of HepG2 cells. In addition, the reducing power of the extracts and their ability to scavenge free radicals were evaluated using two antioxidant assay systems: cell free [oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)] (ABTS)] and cell based [cellular antioxidant activity (CAA)]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results obtained showed that these extracts possess significant hepatoprotective activity. This may indicate that the plant extracts contain compounds, which can remove toxic metabolites following t-BH induced toxicity. The extracts exhibited significant antioxidant property as evident by the Trolox values and effective scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals. The extracts also demonstrated inhibition of AAPH-induced fluorescence in HepG2 cells. These results indicate the ability of the plant extracts to protect the liver cells from chemical-induced damage, which might be correlated to their radical scavenging potential. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that these extracts have potential hepatoprotective activity which is mainly attributed to the antioxidant potential, which might occur by reduction of lipid peroxidation and cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shekhar Dethe
- R and D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Amit Agarwal
- R and D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
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Yin C, Gou L, Liu Y, Yin X, Zhang L, Jia G, Zhuang X. Antidepressant-like effects of L-theanine in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1636-9. [PMID: 21425373 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
L-theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide), an amino acid component of green tea, has been shown to reduce mental and physical stress, and to improve memory function. In this study, the antidepressant effect of L-theanine was investigated in mice using the forced swim test, tail suspension test, open-field test and reserpine test. L-theanine produced an antidepressant-like effect, since the administration of L-theanine at doses of 1, 4 and 20 mg/kg for 10 successive days significantly reduced the immobility time in both the forced swim test and tail suspension test, compared with the control group, without accompanying changes in ambulation in the open-field test. Moreover, L-theanine significantly antagonized reserpine-induced ptosis and hypothermia. Taken together, these results indicate that L-theanine possessed an antidepressant-like effect in mice, which may be mediated by the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huai'hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
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Green tea polyphenols avert chronic inflammation-induced myocardial fibrosis of female rats. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:665-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Akachi T, Shiina Y, Ohishi Y, Kawaguchi T, Kawagishi H, Morita T, Mori M, Sugiyama K. Hepatoprotective effects of flavonoids from shekwasha (Citrus depressa) against D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2010; 56:60-7. [PMID: 20354348 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.56.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We attempted to isolate the constituent(s) responsible for the suppressive effect of the juice of shekwasha, a citrus produced in Okinawa Prefecture, on D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver injury in rats. Liver injury-suppressive activity, as assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, was found only in the fraction that was extracted with n-hexane when three fractions were added to the diet and fed to rats. Of five compounds isolated from the n-hexane-soluble fraction by silica gel column chromatography, three compounds had liver injury-suppressive effects when five compounds were singly force-fed to rats at a level of 300 mg/kg body wt 4 h before the injection with GalN. The structures of the three active compounds were determined as 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavanone (citromitin), 4',5,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (tangeretin) and 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (nobiletin), which are known flavonoids mainly existing in citrus. Nobiletin, the most important compound in the n-hexane-soluble fraction, also had suppressive effects on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride, acetaminophen and GalN/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in addition to liver injury induced GalN. Nobiletin suppressed GalN/LPS-induced increases in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and hepatic mRNA levels for inducible NO synthase and DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that nobiletin suppressed GalN/LPS-induced liver injury at least by suppressing the production of both TNF-alpha and NO. The results obtained here indicate that the hepatoprotective effect of shekwasha juice is mainly ascribed to several polymethoxy flavonoids included in the juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Akachi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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Prevention of oxidative DNA damage in inner organs and lymphocytes of rats by green tea extract. Eur J Nutr 2009; 49:227-34. [PMID: 19851801 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of green tea (GT) is associated with decreased incidences of specific forms of cancer in humans and it was postulated that its antioxidant (AO) properties may account for these effects. The evidence for AO effects of GT is mainly based on the results from in vitro experiments and on animal studies in which protection against chemically induced damage was monitored. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of the study was the investigation of the prevention of strand breaks and DNA migration attributable to endogenous oxidation of bases by GT extract (GTE) in inner organs and lymphocytes of untreated rats. In addition, immunological parameters and biochemical markers were monitored. METHODS DNA migration was measured in hepatocytes, colonocytes and lymphocytes after consumption of a low (1.3 mg/kg bw per day, 5 days) and a high dose (6.5 mg/kg bw per day, 5 days) of GTE in COMET assays (n = 5 animals per group). In addition, immunological parameters (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10), the total AO capacity and oxidized low-density lipoproteins were determined in plasma. RESULTS No evidence for reduction in DNA damage was found with a lower dose, whereas with the higher dose, reduction in DNA migration attributable to formamidopyrimidine-DNA-glycosylase sensitive lesions (oxidized purines) and endonuclease III-sensitive sites (oxidized pyrimidines) (58 and 73%) was observed in lymphocytes; also, in colonocytes (reduction in FPG-sensitive sites by 46%) and hepatocytes (decrease in Endo III-sensitive sites by 74%) protective effects were found, while none of the other parameters was altered. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that a dose of GTE, which is equivalent to consumption of 500 ml GT/p/day in humans protects lymphocytes and to a lesser extent inner organs against oxidative DNA damage, while no effect was seen with a lower dose corresponding to an uptake of 100 ml/p/day.
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Inoue M, Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Tsugane S. Effect of Coffee and Green Tea Consumption on the Risk of Liver Cancer: Cohort Analysis by Hepatitis Virus Infection Status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1746-53. [PMID: 19505908 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Akashi I, Kagami K, Hirano T, Oka K. Protective effects of coffee-derived compounds on lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine induced acute liver injury in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009. [PMID: 19298694 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.04.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The protective effects of coffee-derived compounds on lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) induced acute liver injury in rats were investigated. METHODS Wistar rats were orally administered saline (control) or one of the test compounds (caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, nicotinic acid or eight pyrazinoic acids) at a dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. This was followed by intraperitoneal injection with LPS (100 mug/kg)/D-GalN (250 mg/kg) 1 h after administration of the test compounds. Blood samples were collected up to 12 h after LPS/D-GalN injection, followed by determination of plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels. KEY FINDINGS Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly increased after LPS/D-GalN-treatment, but were suppressed by pretreatment with caffeine (n = 5), nicotinic acid, non-substituted pyrazinoic acid or 5-methylpyrazinoic acid (n = 6, respectively) 12 h after LPS/D-GalN-treatment (P < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, the animals pretreated with these test compounds showed significantly higher survival rates (83-100%) compared with the control (23%). Only pretreatment with caffeine significantly suppressed the LPS/D-GalN induced elevation of plasma TNF-alpha levels 1 and 2 h after LPS/D-GalN-treatment (P < 0.01, respectively). Pretreatment with caffeine, nicotinic acid or non-substituted pyrazinoic acid activated the LPS/D-GalN induced elevation of plasma IL-10 levels at 1 and 2 h, although there were no statistically significant differences in IL-10 levels between control and nicotinic acid or non-substituted pyrazinoic acid treated rats. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that caffeine, nicotinic acid, non-substituted pyrazinoic acid and 5-methylpyrazinoic acid can protect against LPS/D-GalN induced acute liver injury, which may be mediated by the reduction of TNF-alpha production and/or increasing IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Akashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Kawano N, Egashira Y, Sanada H. Effects of various kinds of edible seaweeds in diets on the development of D-galactosamine-induced hepatopathy in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:315-23. [PMID: 17934236 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effects of 11 kinds of edible seaweeds (6 brown and 5 red algae) which contain characteristic seaweed dietary fibers on the induction of D-GalN (D-galactosamine)-hepatopathy in rats (Exps. 1 and 2). Then, the efficacy of various components prepared from Gelidium sp., which was found to alleviate the hepatopathy in Exps. 1 and 2, was examined (Exp. 3). The rats were fed the diets containing various kinds of seaweeds (Exps. 1 and 2), or several components of Gelidium sp. such as total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and dietary fiber-free components (DFFC) (Exp. 3), for 8 d. The rats in all experiments were injected with D-GalN (800 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally at the 7th day to induce liver injury and were sacrificed 24 h after the injection of D-GalN. The serum transaminase activities (ALT and AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined to evaluate the levels of hepatopathy. In Exp. 3, the total GSH concentration in the liver, plasma and cecal contents and organic acid concentration in cecal contents were also evaluated. In Exps. 1 and 2, repressive effects against D-GalN-hepatopathy were shown by four seaweeds Laminaria sp., Gelidium sp., Sargassum fulvellum and Eisenia bicyclis. In Exp. 3, it was found that protective activity in Gelidium sp. against D-GalN-hepatopathy existed not only in the SDF but also in the DFFC fraction. The results in Exp. 3 also indicated that the total GSH but not organic acid concentration in the cecal contents were significantly correlated with serum AST activity, suggesting that the protective effect of Gelidium sp. on D-GalN-hepatopathy in rats is related to GSH metabolism in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kawano
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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Abboud PA, Hake PW, Burroughs TJ, Odoms K, O'Connor M, Mangeshkar P, Wong HR, Zingarelli B. Therapeutic effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a mouse model of colitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 579:411-7. [PMID: 18022615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea catechin, has been shown to inhibit signaling pathways involved in inflammation, including nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), which are important inducers of pro-inflammatory mediators. Aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of EGCG in experimental colitis, which was induced by rectal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in C57/BL6 mice. Mice were treated twice daily with vehicle or with EGCG (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, and sacrificed on days 1, 3, and 7 after TNBS administration. After induction of colitis, vehicle-treated mice experienced bloody diarrhea and loss of body weight. A remarkable colonic damage with hemorrhage, ulcers, and edema was observed and was associated with neutrophil infiltration as evaluated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine were also found. These events were paralleled by increased DNA binding of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in the colon of the vehicle-treated group. In contrast, the EGCG-treated mice experienced a very mild diarrhea and no weight loss. Damage of the colon was characterized by edema and hyperemia only. Tissue levels of MPO were also significantly reduced when compared to vehicle-treated mice. These beneficial effects of EGCG were associated with a significant reduction of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. However, treatment with EGCG did not reduce plasma cytokine levels. Our data demonstrate that EGCG may be beneficial in colitis through selective immunomodulatory effects, which may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Abboud
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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Wheeler DS, Lahni PM, Hake PW, Denenberg AG, Wong HR, Snead C, Catravas JD, Zingarelli B. THE GREEN TEA POLYPHENOL EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE IMPROVES SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS AND SURVIVAL IN RODENT MODELS OF POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS. Shock 2007; 28:353-9. [PMID: 17545942 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3180485823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main polyphenolic flavonoid found in green tea. Recent in vitro studies have suggested that EGCG inhibits activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. The NF-kappaB is a transcriptional factor required for gene expression of many inflammatory mediators, including the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Excessive NO production by NOS2 is directly linked to the vasoplegia, shock, and mortality associated with sepsis. Accordingly, we hypothesized that EGCG administration would inhibit NOS2 gene expression and thereby improve survival in a rodent model of polymicrobial sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (hemodynamic study) and C57BL6 mice (mortality study) via cecal ligation and double puncture (CL2P). Rodents were treated with either EGCG (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle at 1 and 6 h after CL2P and every 12 h thereafter. In the hemodynamic study, mean arterial blood pressure was monitored for 18 h, and rats were killed at 3, 6, and 18 h after CL2P. In the mortality study, survival was monitored for 72 h after CL2P in mice. In vehicle-treated rodents, CL2P was associated with profound hypotension and greater than 80% mortality rate. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment significantly improved both the hypotension and survival. In vitro experiments further showed that EGCG inhibited activation of NF-kappaB and subsequent NOS2 gene expression in a primary culture of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate may therefore represent a potential nutritional supplement or pharmacologic agent in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Wheeler
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
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Singal A, Tirkey N, Pilkhwal S, Chopra K. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract ameliorates endotoxin induced sickness behavior and liver damage in rats. Phytother Res 2006; 20:125-9. [PMID: 16444665 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Immune activation, either by cytokines or endotoxin, elicits a constellation of nonspecific symptoms such as weakness, malaise, listlessness, fatigue, adipsia, anorexia, depression and anxiety collectively termed as sickness behavior. Further, endotoxin administration in animals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of liver disease. Green tea, a common household drink, is rich in antioxidant polyphenols demonstrating inhibitory effects on cytokine production. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic treatment of green tea extract (GTE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behavior and liver damage in rats. The hypothesis was tested through the analysis of LPS-induced behavioral changes in rats, in plus maze and open field paradigms. Other parameters such as feeding and water consumption, weight loss and organ weight index were also estimated. Liver function tests were conducted to investigate the effect of GTE supplementation on LPS-induced hepatic dysfunction. The results of the study demonstrated that GTE significantly attenuated LPS-induced sickness behavior as well as hepatic damage either by its antioxidant activity or by inhibiting LPS induced cytokine production in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Motobu M, Amer S, Koyama Y, Hikosaka K, Sameshima T, Yamada M, Nakamura K, Koge K, Kang CB, Hayasidani H, Hirota Y. Protective effects of sugar cane extract on endotoxic shock in mice. Phytother Res 2006; 20:359-63. [PMID: 16619363 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sugar cane extract (SCE) has been shown to have an immunostimulating effect in chickens. This study evaluated the effect of SCE on Salmonella Abortusequi lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethal shock in d-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized mice. Mice were administered intraperitoneally SCE (500 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline before or after injection of LPS and GalN. All the mice injected with LPS and GalN (control group) died of histopathologically congestive and hemorrhagic hepatic insufficiency within 24 h, showing significantly increased activities of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 380 IU/mL) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 130 IU/mL). Pretreatment of mice with SCE at 3 h before challenge with LPS and GalN (SCE treated group) resulted in significantly improved survival rates (92.3%) and a decrease in liver injury. These surviving mice in the SCE treated group showed no changes in the mean levels of plasma AST (60 IU/mL) and ALT (18 IU/mL). However, the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the SCE treated group was not significantly different when compared with that in the control group challenged with LPS and GalN. These results suggest that SCE has protective effects on LPS-induced mortality in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Motobu
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Daizo A, Egashira Y, Sanada H. Suppressive effect of corn bran hemicellulose on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats. Nutrition 2005; 21:1044-51. [PMID: 16157242 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well known that the indigestible oligo- and polysaccharides including dietary fiber are important food components and that they have many physiologic functions. This study examined the effect of water-soluble corn bran hemicellulose (CBH) on the development of D-galactosamine (GalN) hepatitis in rats to obtain some knowledge about new functions of dietary fiber. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed diets containing 5% CBH for various days (1 to 14 d). On the final day of feeding rats were treated with GalN (400 mg/kg), and their plasma transaminase (aspartate and alanine aminotransferases) activity (6 or 24 h later) and liver glutathione concentration (6 h later) were determined. RESULTS Ingested CBH suppressed the increase in plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities 24 h after GalN treatment. Such suppressive effect was observed only 7 d after CBH ingestion and not after 1 or 3 d. In the early phase of the liver injury, at 6 h after GalN treatment, the liver glutathione concentration in the CBH group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the concentration in the CBH group after GalN injection was almost the same as that in the control group without GalN treatment. CONCLUSION Results suggest that dietary CBH suppresses the development of hepatic injury by GalN in rats and that this phenomenon is partly attributable to the increase in hepatic glutathione concentration by CBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Daizo
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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Singal A, Kaur S, Tirkey N, Chopra K. Green Tea Extract and Catechin Ameliorate Chronic Fatigue-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice. J Med Food 2005; 8:47-52. [PMID: 15857209 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accompanied by numerous symptoms involving various body systems. The etiology of CFS remains unclear, but a number of studies have shown that oxidative stress may be involved in its pathogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of green tea extract (GTE) and catechin in the mouse model of CFS. Animals were subjected to a forced swimming test session of 6 minutes every day for 7 days; a significant increase in immobility time on successive days represented the CFS in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed that the chronic swim test significantly increased lipid peroxidation levels and decreased glutathione levels in mouse whole-brain homogenate. Treatment with GTE (25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and catechin (50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days reversed the increase in immobility time. Protection was correlated with the lowered levels of lipid peroxidation and restoration of reduced glutathione levels in the brains of fatigued mice. These findings strongly suggest the pivotal role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of CFS and that GTE and catechin could be used as potential agents in the management of CFS and warrant the inclusion of GTE and catechin in the treatment regimen of CFS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Singal A, Tirkey N, Chopra K. Reversal of LPS-induced immobility in mice by green tea polyphenols: possible COX-2 mechanism. Phytother Res 2004; 18:723-8. [PMID: 15478205 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is known to activate the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical axis, as well as norepinephrine and indolamine metabolism. Systemically administered LPS produces depression in the forced swimming-induced despair behaviour model in mice. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on LPS-induced despair behaviour and to explore the mechanism involved in modulation of LPS-induced immobility by GTE. GTE (10-100 mg/kg) pretreatment reversed LPS-induced immobility in a dose-dependent manner. Rofecoxib (2 mg/kg) and nimesulide (2 mg/kg), COX-2 inhibitors, also reversed the LPS-induced immobility, which was significantly potentiated by concomitant administration of GTE. On the other hand, GTE did not show any potentiating effect on immobility with naproxen (10 mg/kg), which is a nonselective COX blocker. Interestingly the antioxidant, carvedilol (2 mg/kg) did not produce any effect on immobility either in normal or in LPS treated mice. The results of the study implicate the role of COX-2 inhibition by GTE in the reversal of LPS-induced immobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Singal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
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Chen JH, Tipoe GL, Liong EC, So HSH, Leung KM, Tom WM, Fung PCW, Nanji AA. Green tea polyphenols prevent toxin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by down-regulating inducible nitric oxide-derived prooxidants. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:742-51. [PMID: 15321817 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.3.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, considerable attention has been focused on dietary and medicinal phytochemicals that inhibit, reverse, or retard diseases caused by oxidative and inflammatory processes. Green tea polyphenols have both antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of green tea polyphenols in carbon tetrachloride-treated mice, a model of liver injury in which oxidant stress and cytokine production are intimately linked. We tested the effect of a pure form of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride. DESIGN Eight-week-old ICR mice were administered 20 microL/CCl(4) kg dissolved in olive oil. Two different doses of EGCG, 50 and 75 mg/kg, were tested. Control mice were treated with saline and olive oil. We analyzed liver histopathology, lipid peroxidation, and messenger RNA and protein concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Additionally, nitric oxide-generated radicals were assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and protein concentrations were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Carbon tetrachloride administration caused an intense degree of liver necrosis associated with increases in lipid peroxidation, inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA and protein, nitrotyrosine, and nitric oxide radicals. EGCG administration led to a dose-dependent decrease in all of the histologic and biochemical variables of liver injury observed in the carbon tetrachloride-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Green tea polyphenols reduce the severity of liver injury in association with lower concentrations of lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory nitric oxide-generated mediators. Green tea polyphenols can be a useful supplement in the treatment of liver disease and should be considered for liver conditions in which proinflammatory and oxidant stress responses are dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hua Chen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Nan JX, Park EJ, Nam JB, Zhao YZ, Cai XF, Kim YH, Sohn DH, Lee JJ. Effect of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae) on D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 92:71-77. [PMID: 15099851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Revised: 12/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae) were evaluated in D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mouse. Preparations of Acanthopanax koreanum used were an ethanol extract, a water extract, and the ethanol-soluble and ethanol-insoluble components of the water extract of roots or stems of the plant. Mice were pretreated with various extracts by intraperitoneal injection or orally, 12 and 1 h before intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Intraperitoneal pretreatment with the water extract or the ethanol-insoluble component of the water extract markedly reduced the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), reduced the histological changes in the liver, and attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis confirmed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling method and DNA fragmentation assay. Oral pretreatment with the ethanol-insoluble component of the water extract also reduced serum AST, ALT, and TNF-alpha levels. The present study shows that the ethanol-insoluble component of a water extract from Acanthopanax koreanum has a protective effect against the induction of fulminant hepatitis in mice by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xing Nan
- Anticancer Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon
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Sugiyama K, Shimada Y, Iwai K, Morita T. Differential effects of dietary casein and soybean protein isolate on lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in D-galactosamine-sensitized rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66:2232-5. [PMID: 12450139 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Effects of dietary protein type on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitis, as assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, were investigated in D-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized rats. The plasma ALT and AST activities in rats fed on 25% soybean protein isolate (SPI) diet were significantly suppressed to about 1/4 and 1/5 of the values in rats fed on 25% casein diet, respectively, 8 h after the injection of LPS + GalN. Although hepatic ALT and AST activities of normal rats were also lower in the SPI group than in the casein group, this could not explain the differences in plasma enzyme activities between the two groups. The hepatic glutathione concentration of normal rats was lower in the SPI group than in the casein group, but it was reversed in rats injected with drugs. The results suggest that SPI can protect animals from LPS + GalN-induced hepatitis, and that the hepatic glutathione level may participate in the effects of SPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Chen PC, Wheeler DS, Malhotra V, Odoms K, Denenberg AG, Wong HR. A green tea-derived polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits IkappaB kinase activation and IL-8 gene expression in respiratory epithelium. Inflammation 2002; 26:233-41. [PMID: 12238566 PMCID: PMC7101574 DOI: 10.1023/a:1019718718977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a principle neutrophil chemoattractant and activator in humans. There is interest in developing novel pharmacological inhibitors of IL-8 gene expression as a means for modulating inflammation in disease states such as acute lung injury. Herein we determined the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea-derived polyphenol, on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated expression of the IL-8 gene in A549 cells. EGCG inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated IL-8 gene expression in a dose response manner, as measured by ELISA and Northern blot analysis. This effect appears to primarily involve inhibition of IL-8 transcription because EGCG inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated activation of the IL-8 promoter in cells transiently transfected with an IL-8 promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid. In addition, EGCG inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated activation of IkappaB kinase and subsequent activation of the IkappaB alpha/NF-kappaB pathway. We conclude that EGCG is a potent inhibitor of IL-8 gene expression in vitro. The proximal mechanism of this effect involves, in part, inhibition of IkappaB kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Chen
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center and Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45244
| | - Derek S. Wheeler
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center and Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45244
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center and Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45244
| | - Kelli Odoms
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center and Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45244
| | - Alvin G. Denenberg
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center and Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45244
| | - Hector R. Wong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center and Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45244
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He P, Noda Y, Sugiyama K. Suppressive effect of coffee on lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in D-galactosamine-sensitized rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:1924-7. [PMID: 11577746 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A coffee extract significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitis in D-galactosamine-sensitized rats, as assessed by the plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities, when it was added to the diet (30 g/kg) and fed to rats for 14 days. Its effect was as strong as that of a green tea extract. The coffee extract suppressed LPS-induced hepatitis when singly force-fed (1.2 g/kg) 1.5 h prior to the injection of the drugs, whereas a decaffeinated coffee extract had no significant effect. The hepatoprotective effect of caffeine was stronger than that of theobromine. These results indicate that coffee can protect animals from LPS-induced hepatitis, and that the effect of coffee might be mainly due to caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P He
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Japan
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