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Kaur A, Purewal SS, Phimolsiripol Y, Punia Bangar S. Unraveling the Hidden Potential of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare): An Important Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2421. [PMID: 39273905 PMCID: PMC11397514 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a winter crop well known for its small-seeded grains and self-pollinating characteristics. The flour derived from barley grains plays a crucial role in numerous processed food items, contributing to their taste and nutritional value. Barley consists of complex carbohydrates (80%), proteins (11.5-14.2%), lipids (4.7-6.8%), β-glucans (3.7-7.7%), and ash (1.8-2.4%). Beyond its other nutrients, barley boasts a good reservoir of phenolic compounds (1.2-2.9 mg/g GAE). This abundance of beneficial compounds positions barley as an attractive industrial substrate. In this review, the nutritional composition and bioactive profile of barley are discussed in a systemic manner, emphasizing its potential in the development of innovative barley-based products that promote health and well-being. By incorporating barley into various food formulations, industries can not only boost nutritional content but also offer consumers a wide range of health benefits. In conclusion, barley's diverse applications in food and health highlight its essential role in promoting healthier living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhvinder Singh Purewal
- University Centre for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Lim JH, Kim Y, Kim MY, Kim EN, Kim TW, Choi BS, Kim WU, Kim HW, Park JY, Park CW. Placental growth factor deficiency initiates obesity- and aging-associated metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2024:156002. [PMID: 39173826 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Obesity often leads to inadequate angiogenesis in expanding adipose tissue, resulting in inflammation and insulin resistance. We explored the role of placental growth factor (PlGF) in metabolic syndrome (MS) using mice models of type 2 diabetes, high-fat diet, or aging. Reduced serum PlGF levels were associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and development of MS features. PlGF was localized within endothelial cells and pericytes of adipose tissue. In vitro, low PlGF levels in hypoxic conditions worsened oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reduced autophagy. This was associated with a reduction in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF-R1/-R2, which was influenced by a decrease and increase in PlGF/pAMPK/PI3K-pAkt/PLCγ1-iCa++/eNOS and PTEN/GSK3β axes, respectively. PlGF-knockout mice exhibited MS traits through alterations in the same signaling pathways, and these changes were mitigated by recombinant PlGF and metformin. These enhanced angiogenesis and lipid metabolism, underscoring PlGF's role in age-related MS and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hee Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, , Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Xia X, Lu J, Chen X, Zhou L, Huang Y, Ding S, Li G. Impact of whole grain highland hull-less barley on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of gut microbial communities in rats fed high-fat diets. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0408923. [PMID: 38747621 PMCID: PMC11237377 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04089-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) is a traditional non-culture technique that can provide a fingerprint of the microbial community. In the field of gut microbiota analysis, PCR-DGGE still holds potential for development. In the present study, we utilized an improved nested PCR-DGGE approach targeting the V3 region of 16S ribosomal DNA to investigate the impact of whole grain highland hull-less barley (WHLB), a cereal known for its significant hypocholesterolemic effect, on the gut microbiota profiles of high-fat diet rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed a normal control diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with a low or high dose of WHLB for 4 or 8 weeks. The results revealed that the dominant bands varied among different dose groups and further changed with different treatment times. The compositions of bacterial communities in feces and cecal content were similar, but the dominant bacterial bands differed. After performing double DGGE, extracting the bands, sequencing the DNA, and aligning the sequences, a total of 19 bands were classified under the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, while two bands were identified as unclassified uncultured bacteria. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri, Uncultured Prevotella sp., and Clostridium sp. increased following the administration of WHLB. Illumina-based sequencing was employed to assess the reliability of DGGE, demonstrating its reliability in analyzing the dominant taxonomic composition, although it may have limitations in accurately detecting the alpha diversity of bacterial species. IMPORTANCE While next-generation sequencing has overshadowed polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), the latter still holds promise for advancing gut microbiota analysis due to its unique advantages. In this study, we used optimized nested PCR-DGGE to investigate the gut microbiota profile of high-fat diet rats after administering whole grain highland hull-less barley. High-throughput sequencing was employed to validate the DGGE results. Our results proved the reliability of PCR-DGGE for analyzing the dominant taxonomic composition while also providing visual evidence of a notable relationship between the composition of cecal and fecal microbial communities, highlighting substantial differences in both richness and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Shunjie Ding
- Army Logistics University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Mio K, Iida-Tanaka N, Togo-Ohno M, Tadenuma N, Yamanaka C, Aoe S. Barley consumption under a high-fat diet suppresses lipogenic genes through altered intestinal bile acid composition. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109547. [PMID: 38081474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether barley flour consumption in a high-fat environment affects lipid metabolism through signals mediated by bile acids. Four-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with cellulose (HC) or β-glucan-rich barley flour (HB) for 12 weeks. Bile acid composition in the intestinal tract and feces was measured by GC/MS. Gene expression levels involved in bile acid metabolism in the liver and intestinal tract were determined by RT-PCR. Similar parameters were measured in mice treated with antibiotics (antibiotics-cellulose [AC] and antibiotics-barley [AB]) to reduce the activity of intestinal bacteria. The Results showed that the HB group had lower liver blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the HC group. The HB group showed a significant decrease in primary bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract compared to the HC group. On the other hand, the concentration of secondary bile acids relatively increased in the cecum and feces. In the liver, Fxr activation suppressed gene expression levels in synthesizing bile acids and lipids. Furthermore, in the gastrointestinal tract, Tgr5 was activated by increased secondary bile acids. Correspondingly, AMP levels were increased in the HB group compared to the HC group, AMPK was phosphorylated in the liver, and gene expression involved in lipid synthesis was downregulated. A comparison of the AC and AB groups treated with antibiotics did not confirm these effects of barley intake. In summary, our results suggest that the prevention of lipid accumulation by barley consumption involves signaling through changes in bile acid composition in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Mio
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoko Iida-Tanaka
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Togo-Ohno
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tadenuma
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiemi Yamanaka
- The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Bornaei L, Salari S, Erfani majd N. Effect of electron beam irradiated barley grains on growth performance, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility, microbial population, and intestinal histomorphometry in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2089151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotfollah Bornaei
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Salari
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Naeem Erfani majd
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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Kim Y, Lim JH, Kim EN, Hong YA, Park HJ, Chung S, Choi BS, Kim YS, Park JY, Kim HW, Park CW. Adiponectin receptor agonist ameliorates cardiac lipotoxicity via enhancing ceramide metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:282. [PMID: 35351872 PMCID: PMC8964809 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of lipids and their metabolites induces lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lowering ceramide concentration could reduce the impact of metabolic damage to target organs. Adiponectin improves lipotoxicity through its receptors (AdiopRs), which have sequence homology with ceramidase enzymes. Therefore, cardioprotective role of AdipoR agonism by AdipoRon was investigated. Sixteen-week-old male db/m and db/db mice were fed a diet containing AdipoRon for four weeks. Phenotypic and metabolic profiles with associated cellular signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism were investigated in the mice heart and human cardiomyocytes to establish treatment effect of AdipoRon. AdipoRon ameliorated insulin resistance, fibrosis, M1-dominant inflammation, and apoptosis in association with reduced accumulations of free fatty acid, triglycerides, and TLR4-related ceramide in the heart. This resulted in overall reduction in the level of oxidative stress which ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and its function. AdipoRon increased the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 via pAMPK/FoxO1-induced Akt phosphorylation resulting from a decrease in PP2A level. It also increased acid ceramidase activity which reduced ceramide and increased sphingosine-1 phosphate levels in the heart of db/db mice and cultured human cardiomyocytes. Consistent upregulation of AdipoRs and their downstream regulatory pathways involving pAMPK/PPARα/PGC-1α levels led to lipid metabolism enhancement, thereby improving lipotoxicity-induced peroxisome biogenesis and oxidative stress. AdipoRon might control oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart through increased AdipoR expression, acid ceramidase activity, and activation of AMPK-PPARα/PGC-1α and related downstream pathways, collectively improving cardiac lipid metabolism, hypertrophy, and functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeni Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lim
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ah Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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geng L, Li M, Zhang G, Ye L. Barley: a potential cereal for producing healthy and functional foods. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Barley is the fourth largest cereal crop in the world. It is mainly used for feeding, beer production and food. Barley is receiving more attention from both agricultural and food scientists because of its special chemical composition and health benefits. In comparison with other cereal crops, including wheat, rice and maize, barley grains are rich in dietary fiber (such as β-glucan) and tocols, which are beneficial to human health. It is well proved that diets rich in those chemicals can provide protection against hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Barley has been widely recognized to be great potential as a healthy or functional food. In this review, we present the information about the studies on physical structure of barley grain and the distribution of main chemical components, nutrient and functional composition of barley grain and their health benefits, and the approaches of improving and utilizing the nutrient and functional chemicals in barley grain. With the development of processing technologies, functional components in barley grains, especially β-glucan, can be efficiently extracted and concentrated. Moreover, nutrient and functional components in barley grains can be efficiently improved by precise breeding and agronomic approaches. The review highlights the great potential of barley used as healthy and functional foods, and may be instructive for better utilization of barley in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- La geng
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Słowiński M, Miazek J, Dasiewicz K, Cegiełka A. An attempt to use a barley fibre preparation containing β‐glucan in the production of functional canned meat. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Słowiński
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment Institute of Food Sciences Warsaw University of Life Sciences 166 Nowoursynowska Street Warsaw 02‐787 Poland
| | - Joanna Miazek
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment Institute of Food Sciences Warsaw University of Life Sciences 166 Nowoursynowska Street Warsaw 02‐787 Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dasiewicz
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment Institute of Food Sciences Warsaw University of Life Sciences 166 Nowoursynowska Street Warsaw 02‐787 Poland
| | - Aneta Cegiełka
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment Institute of Food Sciences Warsaw University of Life Sciences 166 Nowoursynowska Street Warsaw 02‐787 Poland
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The Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis Is Exacerbated with Aging in C57B1/6 Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050487. [PMID: 33946646 PMCID: PMC8146644 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic activity of HDL is mainly due to their capacity to mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). However, it is not clear to what extent this activity is affected by aging or pro-atherogenic conditions. Three and 24-month-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed an atherogenic diet (high fat, high cholesterol) for 12 weeks. The aged mice displayed a significant reduction in the capacity of HDL to mediate RCT (29.03%, p < 0.0006). Interestingly, the atherogenic diet significantly stimulated the RCT process in both young and aged mice (241% and 201%, respectively, p < 0.01). However, despite this, significant amounts of cholesterol accumulated in the aortas of mice fed an atherogenic diet as compared to regular chow. The accumulation of cholesterol was more marked in the aortas of aged mice (110% increase, p < 0.002). ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression on macrophages decreased significantly (52 to 37% reduction, p < 0.002), whereas their expression on hepatic cells increased significantly (up to 590% for ABCA1 and 116% for ABCG1, p < 0.002). On the other hand, SR-BI protein expression on hepatic cells decreased significantly (42.85%, p < 0.0001). ABCG5, ABCG8, and CYP7a protein expression on hepatic cells was also higher in mice fed an atherogenic diet. The increase was age-dependent for both ABCG5 and ABCG8. Our results suggest that the susceptibility to diet-induced atherosclerosis is exacerbated with aging and is a consequence of the dysregulation of the expression levels of membrane cholesterol transporters.
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Bioactive Components in Oat and Barley Grain as a Promising Breeding Trend for Functional Food Production. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082260. [PMID: 33919686 PMCID: PMC8069901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal crops, such as oats and barley, possess a number of valuable properties that meet the requirements for functional diet components. This review summarized the available information about bioactive compounds of oat and barley grain. The results of studying the structure and physicochemical properties of the cell wall polysaccharides of barley and oat are presented. The main components of the flavonoids formation pathway are shown and data, concerning anthocyanins biosynthesis in various barley tissues, are discussed. Moreover, we analyzed the available information about structural and regulatory genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Hordeum vulgare L. genome, including β-glucan biosynthesis genes in Avena sativa L species. However, there is not enough knowledge about the genes responsible for biosynthesis of β-glucans and corresponding enzymes and plant polyphenols. The review also covers contemporary studies about collections of oat and barley genetic resources held by the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). This review intended to provide information on the processes of biosynthesis of biologically active compounds in cereals that will promote further researches devoted to transcription factors controlling expression of structural genes and their role in other physiological processes in higher plants. Found achievements will allow breeders to create new highly productive varieties with the desirable properties.
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Kim YH, Kang MS, Kim TH, Jeong Y, Ahn JO, Choi JH, Chung JY. Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Modulatory Effects of Synbio-Glucan in an Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041090. [PMID: 33810608 PMCID: PMC8067118 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many trials have been conducted to treat atopic dermatitis (AD), but these therapies are generally unsuccessful because of their insufficiency or side effects. This study examined the efficacy of β-glucan derived from oats with fermented probiotics (called Synbio-glucan) on an AD-induced mouse model. For the experiment, Nc/Nga mice were exposed to a house dust mite extract (HDM) to induce AD. The mice were placed in one of four groups: positive control group, Synbio-glucan topical treatment group, Synbio-glucan dietary treatment group, and Synbio-glucan topical + dietary treatment group. The experiment revealed no significant difference in the serum IgE concentration among the groups. Serum cytokine antibody arrays showed that genes related to the immune response were enriched. A significant difference in the skin lesion scores was observed between the groups. Compared to the control group tissue, skin lesions were alleviated in the Synbio-glucan topical treatment group and Synbio-glucan dietary treatment group. Interestingly, almost normal structures were observed within the skin lesions in the Synbio-glucan topical + dietary treatment group. Overall, the β-glucan extracted from oats and fermented probiotic mixture is effective in treating atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (Y.J.); (J.-O.A.)
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Tae Hyeong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Yunho Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (Y.J.); (J.-O.A.)
| | - Jin-Ok Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (Y.J.); (J.-O.A.)
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea; (M.S.K.); (T.H.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.C.); (J.-Y.C.); Tel.: +82-33-250-8682 (J.H.C.); +82-33-250-8656 (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jin-Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (Y.J.); (J.-O.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.C.); (J.-Y.C.); Tel.: +82-33-250-8682 (J.H.C.); +82-33-250-8656 (J.-Y.C.)
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KHAN MA, AMIR RM, AMEER K, RAKHA A, FAIZ F, HAYAT I, NADEEM M, AHMED Z, RIAZ A, ASHRAF I. Characterization of oat bran β-glucan with special reference to efficacy study to elucidate its health claims for diabetic patients. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.39019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Allah RAKHA
- Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh FAIZ
- Karakoram International University Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Aayesha RIAZ
- PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz ASHRAF
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
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13
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Wouk J, Dekker RFH, Queiroz EAIF, Barbosa-Dekker AM. β-Glucans as a panacea for a healthy heart? Their roles in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:176-203. [PMID: 33609583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Factors increasing the risks for CVD development are related to obesity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and lifestyle. CVD risk factors may be treated with appropriate drugs, but prolonged can use cause undesirable side-effects. Among the natural products used in complementary and alternative medicines, are the β-ᴅ-glucans; biopolymers found in foods (cereals, mushrooms), and can easily be produced by microbial fermentation. Independent of source, β-glucans of the mixed-linked types [(1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-ᴅ-glucans - fungal, and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-ᴅ-glucans - cereal] have widely been studied because of their biological activities, and have demonstrated cardiovascular protective effects. In this review, we discuss the roles of β-ᴅ-glucans in various pathophysiological conditions that lead to CVDs including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, atherosclerosis and stroke. The β-glucans from all of the sources cited demonstrated potential hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesogenicity activities, reduced hypertension and ameliorated the atherosclerosis condition. More recently, β-glucans are recognized as possessing prebiotic properties that modulate the gut microbiome and impact on the health benefits including cardiovascular. Overall, all the studies investigated unequivocally demonstrated the dietary benefits of consuming β-glucans regardless of source, thus constituting a promising panaceutical approach to reduce CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Wouk
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Campus CEDETEG, CEP: 85040-167, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Câmpus Londrina, CEP: 86036-370 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eveline A I F Queiroz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, CEP: 78.557-267 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Szuba-Trznadel A, Hikawczuk T, Korzeniowska M, Fuchs B. Effect of Different Amounts of Hybrid Barley in Diets on the Growth Performance and Selected Biochemical Parameters of Blood Serum Characterizing Health Status in Fattening Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111987. [PMID: 33137945 PMCID: PMC7692960 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary hybrid barley and/or wheat on production parameters, selected biochemical parameters of blood serum characterizing health status in fattening pigs. The use of hybrid barley as the basic ingredient of diets for fattening pigs provided similar production parameters as those obtained with wheat. No significant differences were noted in case of performance results and meatiness of fatteners. However, usage of hybrid barley with high level in diet decreased level of total cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein fraction) fraction in blood. It means that barley had a beneficial effect on blood lipid indices. Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary hybrid barley and/or wheat on production parameters, selected biochemical parameters of blood serum characterizing health status in fattening pigs. In group I, hybrid barley constituted 80% of feed; in II—wheat and hybrid barley were used, each in amount of 40% feed; in III—contained 80% of wheat. No significant differences were noted in case of performance results (body weight gains, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) and meatiness of fatteners. All estimated biochemical indices determined in serum were within normal range. Usage of 80% hybrid barley decreased concentration of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDL), and triglycerides in blood (p < 0.05). However, high-density lipoprotein fraction (HDL) content increased (p < 0.01) up to 1.04 mmol·dm−3, comparing to the group with 80% of wheat (0.84 mmol·dm−3). Summarized, the diet with high level of barley had a beneficial effect on blood lipid indices, what indicate a good health status of all animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szuba-Trznadel
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chełmońskiego 38 C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (T.H.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Hikawczuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chełmońskiego 38 C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (T.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Fuchs
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chełmońskiego 38 C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (T.H.); (B.F.)
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15
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Iaccarino N, Khakimov B, Mikkelsen MS, Nielsen TS, Jensen MG, Randazzo A, Engelsen SB. Structurally different mixed linkage β-glucan supplements differentially increase secondary bile acid excretion in hypercholesterolaemic rat faeces. Food Funct 2020; 11:514-523. [PMID: 31833481 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed linkage (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucan (BG) is a soluble fibre available from oat and barley grains that has been gaining interest due to its health-promoting role in cardiovascular diseases and its ability to modulate the glycaemic index which is beneficial for people with diabetes. This study investigates the effect of three purified barley BGs, with different molecular weight and block structure, on faecal bile acid excretion in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Wistar rats (48 male) were divided in four groups: Control group fed with the cellulose-rich diet (CON); Glucagel group fed with the commercial BG (GLU, 100 kDa), and rats fed with low molecular weight BG (LBG, 150 kDa) and medium molecular weight BG (MBG, 530 kDa). The bile acid profiles of rat faecal samples were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A metabolite profiling approach led to the identification of 7 bile acids and 45 other compounds such as sterols, fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Subsequent application of ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis and Principal Component Analysis revealed that all three BG diets increased bile acid faecal excretion compared to the control group. The bile acid excretion was found to be different in all three BG diets and the MBG group showed a significantly higher level of faecal secondary bile acids, including deoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid. We hypothesise that the hydrophobic surface of the secondary bile acids, which are known to cause colon cancer, has high affinity to the hydrophobic surfaces of cellulosic blocks of the BG. This in vivo study demonstrates that the molecular weight and/or block structures of BG modulate the excretion of secondary bile acids. This finding suggests that developing diets with designed BGs with an optimal molecular structure to trap carcinogenic bile acids can have a significant impact on counteracting cancer and other lifestyle associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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16
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Negu A, Zegeye A, Astatkie T. Development and quality evaluation of wheat based cookies enriched with fenugreek and oat flours. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:3573-3580. [PMID: 32903977 PMCID: PMC7447712 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cookies are one of the best-known quick snack products. However, the main ingredients used in many countries are wheat and a few cereal seeds. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional (chemical composition, physical properties, mineral, and phytochemical) and sensory attributes of cookies produced from wheat alone, and three blends of wheat, fenugreek and oat generated after running a d-optimal design mixture experiment (85:5:10%, 70:10:20%, and 55:15:30%), and when baked at three different temperatures (150, 175, and 200 °C). The results indicated that the cookies made from wheat flour supplemented with fenugreek and oat flours had significantly higher protein, fat, crude fiber and energy contents, but lower carbohydrate content. The anti-nutrient contents (phytic acid and condensed tannin) of fenugreek and oat supplemented cookies increased moderately. The mineral content (Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn) of cookies enriched with fenugreek and oat was also improved. The effect of baking temperature on the different response variables varied, and all in all, 175 °C was an acceptable compromise. The study showed that cookies made from 70% wheat, 10% fenugreek, and 20% oat and baked at 175 °C have the best nutritional content and acceptable sensory attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiyot Negu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Zegeye
- School of Chemical and Bio Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tessema Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 Canada
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17
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Kumar R, Sood U, Gupta V, Singh M, Scaria J, Lal R. Recent Advancements in the Development of Modern Probiotics for Restoring Human Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:12-25. [PMID: 32089570 PMCID: PMC7000592 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut is predominantly occupied by bacteria which play a vital role in nutrition and health. Any change in normal gut homeostasis imposes gut dysbiosis. So far, efforts have been made to mitigate the gastrointestinal symptoms using modern day probiotics. The majority of the probiotics strains used currently belong to the genera Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Recent advancements in culturomics by implementing newer techniques coupled with the use of gnotobiotic animal models provide a subtle ground to develop novel host specific probiotics therapies. In this review article, the recent advances in the development of microbe-based therapies which can now be implemented to treat a wide spectrum of diseases have been discussed. However, these probiotics are not classified as drugs and there is a lack of stringent law enforcement to protect the end users against the pseudo-probiotic products. While modern probiotics hold strong promise for the future, more rigorous regulations are needed to develop genuine probiotic products and characterize novel probiotics using the latest research and technology. This article also highlights the possibility of reducing antibiotic usage by utilizing probiotics developed using the latest concepts of syn and ecobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
- South Dakota Centre for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Utkarsh Sood
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067 India
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
- South Dakota Centre for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Rup Lal
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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18
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Yoo HU, Ko MJ, Chung MS. Hydrolysis of beta-glucan in oat flour during subcritical-water extraction. Food Chem 2019; 308:125670. [PMID: 31655478 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) β-glucan is bound tightly to other components of the endosperm cell wall, which means that β-glucan extraction processes are complex and involve many different stages. Subcritical-water extraction (SWE) has emerged as a promising method for extracting β-glucan under high temperature and pressure conditions. This study investigated the efficiency of the SWE of β-glucan from oat flour. The yield of β-glucan was optimized under the following conditions: extraction temperature of 200 °C, solvent pH of 4.0, extraction time of 10 min, and particle size of 425-850 μm. The extraction yield under the optimal condition was 6.98 ± 1.17 g/100 g oat flour, which was more than twofold higher than when using hot-water extraction at 60 °C for 3 h. β-glucan degradation to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde was increased under high-temperature conditions. SWE is a feasible alternative for extracting β-glucan in a single-step process, and could be developed into an effective industrial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Un Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-Si 17579, South Korea.
| | - Myong-Soo Chung
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
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El-Mansi AA, ElSayyad HI, Elshershaby EM, Al-Ashry NE. Dietary supplementation of barley and/or dates attenuate hypercholesterolemic-induced endometrial dysfunction in Wistar albino rats via alleviation of apoptotic pathways and enhancing oxidative capacity. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13001. [PMID: 31373029 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our study was conducted to characterize the efficacy of barley and/or date palm fruits (10%) in alleviation of hypercholesterolemic endometrial insults in obese rat model. Sixty-four Wistar albino rats were randomized into eight groups (n = 8); control, hypercholesterolemic- and hypercholesterolemic-treated groups. Animals were subjected to treatment for 4 months. After sacrifice, serum and uterine tissues were collected and processed for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic investigations. In hypercholesterolemic rats, the endometrium displayed hyperplasia with necrotic patches in the surface epithelium and its glandular lining cells. Also, there was a remarkable increase in the endometrial thickness and significant decrease in corresponding glandular numbers. Prompted by these findings, immunohistochemical localization revealed that expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was downregulated, while cleaved caspase-3 was upregulated in the endometrial cells in hypercholesterolemic group. Accordingly, there was remarkable depletion of antioxidant enzymatic activities associated with increased lipid peroxidation and apoptotic markers. Contradictory, supplementation of barley and/or dates to hypercholesterolemic groups showed intriguing amelioration for the histological architecture of the endometrium and balancing its oxidative redox. In conclusion, the administration of barley and/or dates confers enhanced synergistic effects in attenuation of hypercholesterolemic induced-endometrial dysfunction. This is clear evidence that endometrial amelioration was directly linked to the implication of highly potential antioxidant capacity of barley and/or dates phytochemicals, β-glucan, polyphenols, and other trace elements, which can be utilized to establish a phyto-therapeutic strategy for activating endometrial cell regeneration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Barley and dates confer both hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic potentials. Therefore, their ingredients would be implicated in the amelioration of uterine functions in obese women. These favorable potentials were directly linked to the restraining of endometrial inflammation and retrieving the oxidative capacity. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that barley and dates substantially diminished the expression of TNF-α, mitigated DNA damage and prevented leukocytic infiltration in the endometrial tissue; based on their high content of dietary phytochemicals, β-glucan, polyphenols, and other trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hassan I ElSayyad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Effat M Elshershaby
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nermeen E Al-Ashry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Inhibition of lymphatic proliferation by the selective VEGFR-3 inhibitor SAR131675 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:219. [PMID: 30833548 PMCID: PMC6399322 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression of various renal diseases, including diabetic nephropathy. SAR131675 is a selective vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts as a ligand for VEGF-C and VEGF-D to inhibit lymphangiogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SAR131675 on renal lymphangiogenesis in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Male C57BLKS/J db/m and db/db mice were fed either a regular chow diet or a diet containing SAR131675 for 12 weeks from 8 weeks of age. In addition, we studied palmitate-induced lymphangiogenesis in human kidney-2 (HK2) cells and RAW264.7 monocytes/macrophages, which play a major role in lymphangiogenesis in the kidneys. SAR131475 ameliorated dyslipidemia, albuminuria, and lipid accumulation in the kidneys of db/db mice, with no significant changes in glucose and creatinine levels and body weight. Diabetes-induced systemic inflammation as evidenced by increased systemic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α level was decreased by SAR131475. SAR131475 ameliorated the accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids and reduced inflammation in relation to decreased chemokine expression and pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage infiltration in the kidneys. Downregulation of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 by SAR131475 inhibited lymphatic growth as demonstrated by decreased expression of LYVE-1 and podoplanin that was further accompanied by reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and inflammation in relation to improvement in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Treatment with SAR131475 improved palmitate-induced increase in the expression of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, and LYVE-1, along with improvement in cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress in RAW264.7 and HK2 cells. Moreover, the enhanced expression of M1 phenotypes in RAW264.7 cells under palmitate stress was reduced by SAR131475 treatment. The results suggest that modulation of lymphatic proliferation in the kidneys is a new treatment approach for type 2 diabetic nephropathy and that SAR131675 is a promising therapy to ameliorate renal damage by reducing lipotoxicity-induced lymphangiogenesis.
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Attenuated Lymphatic Proliferation Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy and High-Fat Diet-Induced Renal Lipotoxicity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1994. [PMID: 30760777 PMCID: PMC6374395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis occurs in response to renal injury and is correlated with interstitial fibrosis. Diabetes- and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced intrarenal lipotoxicity and their relationships with lymphangiogenesis are not established. We used PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, to unravel the linkage between lipotoxicity and lymphangiogenesis. Eight-week-old male C57BLKS/J db/db mice and HFD Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were fed fenofibrate for 12 weeks. HK-2 and RAW264.7 cells were used to investigate their lymphangiogenic capacity in relation to lipotoxicity. Fenofibrate improved intrarenal lipotoxicity by increasing expression of PPARα and phosphorylation of AMPK. Lymphatic proliferation was attenuated; expression of lymphatic endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), podoplanin, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) was decreased. In parallel, extent of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced. In HK2 cells, palmitate- and high glucose-induced over expression of lymphatic makers was diminished by fenofibrate via activation of PPARα-AMPK-pACC signaling. Enhanced expression of M1 phenotype in RAW264.7 cells correlated with increased lymphatic growth. A causal relationship between lipotoxicity and lymphatic proliferation with a cellular link to macrophage activation can be speculated; pro-inflammatory M1 type macrophage is involved in the development of lymphangiogenesis through stimulation of VEGF-C and by its transdifferentiation into lymphatic endothelial cells.
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Choi SR, Lim JH, Kim MY, Kim EN, Kim Y, Choi BS, Kim YS, Kim HW, Lim KM, Kim MJ, Park CW. Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon decreased ceramide, and lipotoxicity, and ameliorated diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 2018; 85:348-360. [PMID: 29462574 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is known to take part in the regulation of energy metabolism. AdipoRon, an orally-active synthetic adiponectin agonist, binds to both adiponectin receptors (AdipoR)1/R2 and ameliorates diabetic complications. Among the lipid metabolites, the ceramide subspecies of sphingolipids have been linked to features of lipotoxicity, including inflammation, cell death, and insulin resistance. We investigated the role of AdipoRon in the prevention and development of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. METHODS AdipoRon (30 mg/kg) was mixed into the standard chow diet and provided to db/db mice (db + AdipoRon, n = 8) and age-matched male db/m mice (dm + AdipoRon, n = 8) from 17 weeks of age for 4 weeks. Control db/db (db cont, n = 8) and db/m mice (dm cont, n = 8) were fed a normal diet of mouse chow. RESULTS AdipoRon-fed db/db mice showed a decreased amount of albuminuria and lipid accumulation in the kidney with no significant changes in serum adiponectin, glucose, and body weight. Restoring expression of adiponectin receptor-1 and -2 in the renal cortex was observed in db/db mice with AdipoRon administration. Consistent up-regulation of phospho-Thr172 AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor α (PPARα), phospho-Thr473 Akt, phospho-Ser79Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and phospho-Ser1177 endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and down-regulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were associated within the same group. AdipoRon lowered cellular ceramide levels by activation of acid ceramidase, which normalized ceramide to sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) ratio. In glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes, AdipoRon treatment markedly decreased palmitate-induced lipotoxicity, which ultimately ameliorated oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS AdipoRon may prevent lipotoxicity in the kidney particularly in both GECs and podocytes through an improvement in lipid metabolism, as shown by the ratio of ceramide to sphingosines, and further contribute to prevent deterioration of renal function, independent of the systemic effects of adiponectin. The reduction in oxidative stress and apoptosis by AdipoRon provides protection against renal damage, thereby ameliorating endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ryoung Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Soon Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Hypocholesterolaemic effect of whole-grain highland hull-less barley in rats fed a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:1102-1110. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhole-grain highland hull-less barley (WHLB) contains high amounts of bioactive compounds that potentially exhibit cholesterol-lowering effects. This study investigated the hypocholesterolaemic effect of WHLB. A total of seventy-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups and were fed with the normal control diet, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD containing low or high dose (10 or 48·95 %) of WHLB. High dose of WHLB significantly decreased the organ indexes of liver and abdominal fat and lipid levels of plasma and liver in HFD rats. The lipid regulation effect of WHLB, which was reconfirmed through hepatocyte morphologic observation, was accompanied by a large excretion of bile acids in the small intestinal contents and the faeces. Real-time PCR analyses, which were further reconfirmed through Western blot analyses, revealed that a high dose of WHLB significantly enhanced the hepatic expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase α, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, LDL receptor, liver X receptor, and PPARα and decreased the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. It also enhanced the ileal expression of farnesoid X receptor and resulted in the decrease of expression of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. WHLB exhibited hypocholesterolaemic effects mainly by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol accumulation in peripheral tissue, and bile acid reabsorption and by stimulating bile acid synthesis.
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Wang X, Wang X, Jiang H, Cai C, Li G, Hao J, Yu G. Marine polysaccharides attenuate metabolic syndrome by fermentation products and altering gut microbiota: An overview. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:601-612. [PMID: 29805017 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides (MPs), including plant, animal, and microbial-derived polysaccharides, can alleviate metabolic syndrome (MetS) by different regulation mechanisms. MPs and their derivatives can attenuate MetS by vary cellular signal pathways, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α. Also, most of MPs cannot be degraded by human innate enzymes, but they can be degraded and fermented by human gut microbiota. The final metabolic products of these polysaccharides are usually short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can change the gut microbiota ecology by altering the existing percentage of special microorganisms. In addition, the SCFAs and changed gut microbiota can regulate enteroendocrine hormone secretion, blood glucose, lipid metabolism levels, and other MetS symptoms. Here, we summarize the up-to-date findings on the effects of MPs, particularly marine microbial-derived polysaccharides, and their metabolites on attenuating MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Obstetrics Department (Work Number 002312), Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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25
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Miyamoto J, Watanabe K, Taira S, Kasubuchi M, Li X, Irie J, Itoh H, Kimura I. Barley β-glucan improves metabolic condition via short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbial fermentation in high fat diet fed mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196579. [PMID: 29698465 PMCID: PMC5919537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of barley β-glucan (BG) is known to affect energy metabolism. However, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood because studies have presented inconsistent results, with both positive and negative effects reported in terms of satiety, energy intake, weight loss, and glycemic control. The objective of this study was to clarify the physiological role underlying the metabolic benefits of barley BG using a mouse model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male 4-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD with 20% barley flour containing either high BG (HBG; 2% BG) or low BG (LBG; 0.6% BG) levels under conventional and germ-free (GF) conditions for 12 wks. In addition, mice were fed either an HFD with 5% cellulose (HFC; high fiber cellulose) or 5% barley BG (HFB; high fiber β-glucan) for 12 wks. Then, metabolic parameters, gut microbial compositions, and the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed. The weight gain and fat mass of HBG-fed mice were lower than those of control mice at 16-wk-old. Moreover, the secretion of the gut hormones PYY and GLP-1 increased in HBG-fed mice, thereby reducing food intake and improving insulin sensitivity by changing the gut microbiota and increasing SCFAs (especially, butyrate) under conventional condition. These effects in HBG-fed mice were abolished under GF conditions. Moreover, the HFB diets also increased PYY and GLP-1 secretion, and decreased food intake compared with that in HFC-fed mice. These results suggest that the beneficial metabolic effects of barley BG are primary due to the suppression of appetite and improvement of insulin sensitivity, which are induced by gut hormone secretion promoted via gut microbiota-produced SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Taira
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Kasubuchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Irie
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Kim IS, Lee SH, Kim JA, Yu DY, Hong YH, Kim JY, Lim JM, Lee SS, Yun CH, Choi IS, Cho KK. Effect of oral administration of β-glucans derived from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 in model mice and rat with atopic dermatitis-like phenotypes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1185-1192. [PMID: 30263849 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) activity of β-glucans derived from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 (βGdAP). βGdAP was orally administered to AD animal models such as vasodilation, allergic pruritus and contact dermatitis. Administration of βGdAP attenuated the amount of Evans blue solution on vasodilation rat. Scratching behaviors, secretion of histamine and ear thickness were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated in the βGdAP-treated mouse groups. Interestingly, transcriptional expression of T-bet, a transcription factor for Th1 reactions, was increased, but that of GATA-3, a transcription factor for Th2 reactions, was attenuated in the βGdAP-treated groups (p < 0.05). In addition, we found that reduced transcriptional expression of forkhead box P3 and galectin-9, regulators of regulatory T cells, was recovered in the βGdAP-treated groups (p < 0.05). Taken together, these data indicate that administration of βGdAP could effectively attenuate AD-like phenotypes via regulation of Th1/Th2 transcriptional activity and Treg activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sung Kim
- 1Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725 Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- 2Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Jeong A Kim
- 1Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725 Korea
| | - Da Yoon Yu
- 1Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725 Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Hong
- 1Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725 Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- 3Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725 Korea
| | | | - Sang Suk Lee
- 5Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- 6Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - In Soon Choi
- 7Departmnet of Life Science, Silla University, Busan, 46958 Korea
| | - Kwang Keun Cho
- 1Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725 Korea
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27
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Sima P, Vannucci L, Vetvicka V. β-glucans and cholesterol (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1799-1808. [PMID: 29393350 PMCID: PMC5810204 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of primary risk factors of cardiovascular disease, together with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes. Although progress has been made, the search for novel methods of preventing and treating dyslipidemia is ongoing and current therapies for cardiovascular disease induce various side effects. β-glucans are linear unbranched polysaccharides found in various natural sources, such as mushrooms. Due to their structure they are able to interact with innate immunity receptors, however they also act as dietary fibers in the digestive tract. As there are two forms of β-glucans, insoluble and soluble forms, they are able to interact with lipids and biliary salts in the bowel and consequently reduce cholesterol levels. Therefore, they may be developed as a suitable therapeutic option to treat patients with dyslipidemia, as they are natural molecules that do not induce any significant side effects. The current review discusses the evidence supporting the effects of β-glucans on cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sima
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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28
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Kim Y, Lim JH, Kim MY, Kim EN, Yoon HE, Shin SJ, Choi BS, Kim YS, Chang YS, Park CW. The Adiponectin Receptor Agonist AdipoRon Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in a Model of Type 2 Diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1108-1127. [PMID: 29330340 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017060627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin exerts renoprotective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN) by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-α (PPARα) pathway through adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs). AdipoRon is an orally active synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist. We investigated the expression of AdipoRs and the associated intracellular pathways in 27 patients with type 2 diabetes and examined the effects of AdipoRon on DN development in male C57BLKS/J db/db mice, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), and podocytes. The extent of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis correlated with renal function deterioration in human kidneys. Expression of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ) and numbers of phosphorylated liver kinase B1 (LKB1)- and AMPK-positive cells significantly decreased in the glomeruli of early stage human DN. AdipoRon treatment restored diabetes-induced renal alterations in db/db mice. AdipoRon exerted renoprotective effects by directly activating intrarenal AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, which increased CaMKKβ, phosphorylated Ser431LKB1, phosphorylated Thr172AMPK, and PPARα expression independently of the systemic effects of adiponectin. AdipoRon-induced improvement in diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inhibition of apoptosis in the kidneys ameliorated relevant intracellular pathways associated with lipid accumulation and endothelial dysfunction. In high-glucose-treated human GECs and murine podocytes, AdipoRon increased intracellular Ca2+ levels that activated a CaMKKβ/phosphorylated Ser431LKB1/phosphorylated Thr172AMPK/PPARα pathway and downstream signaling, thus decreasing high-glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and improving endothelial dysfunction. AdipoRon further produced cardioprotective effects through the same pathway demonstrated in the kidney. Our results show that AdipoRon ameliorates GEC and podocyte injury by activating the intracellular Ca2+/LKB1-AMPK/PPARα pathway, suggesting its efficacy for treating type 2 diabetes-associated DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Min Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Hye Eun Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seok Joon Shin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Yoon Sik Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea; and
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29
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Yan Q, Tang S, Tan Z, Zhou C, Basang Z, Ao S, Hou S. Replacement of oat grass with highland barley straw: effects on lipid profiles, FA composition and lipogenetic genes expression in Tibetan sheep. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1412274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxian Yan
- South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuzha Basang
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, Tibet
| | - Siman Ao
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, Tibet
| | - Shengzhen Hou
- Animal Science Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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30
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Benaragama I, Meesapyodsuk D, Beattie AD, Qiu X. Identification and functional analysis of new peroxygenases in oat. PLANTA 2017; 246:711-719. [PMID: 28664421 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new peroxygenases for the biosynthesis of epoxy fatty acids in oat were identified and functionally analyzed by heterologous expression along with rationally designed site-directed mutagenesis. Oat (Avena sativa L.) contains a large family of peroxygenases, a group of heme-containing monooxygenases catalyzing hydroperoxide-dependent epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Here, we report identification and functional analysis of two new peroxygenases AsPXG2 and AsPXG3 from oat. The open reading frame (ORF) of AsPXG2 contains 702 bps encoding a polypeptide of 233 amino acids, while the ORF of AsPXG3 is 627 bps coding for 208 amino acids. Both AsPXG2 and AsPXG3 comprise a single transmembrane domain, conserved histidines for heme binding and a conserved EF-hand motif for calcium binding, but they only share about 50% amino acid sequence identity with each other. When expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, AsPXG3 showed high epoxidation activity, while AsPXG2 exhibited no activity in E. coli and low activity in P. pastoris. AsPXG3 could effectively epoxidize both mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids with linolenic acid being the most preferred substrate. Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to investigate the structure-function relationship of oat peroxygenase on 12 conserved residues of AsPXG3. Replacement of two conserved histidines, the ligands to the prosthetic heme group of the peroxygenase, by alanine resulted in complete loss of activity. Substitution of three conserved residues surrounding the two histidines resulted in reduction of the enzymatic activity by more than 80%. These results imply that these conserved residues might be located in or near the catalytic pocket, where the two histidine residues coordinate the heme group and the surrounding residues define the shape and size of the pocket for interaction with the heme as well as two substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indika Benaragama
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dauenpen Meesapyodsuk
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Aaron D Beattie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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31
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Sharma V, Kaur T, Bridle H, Ghosh M. Antimicrobial efficacy and safety of mucoadhesive exopolymer produced by Acinetobacter haemolyticus. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 94:187-193. [PMID: 27720965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated five extracellular polymers of bacterial origin possessing mucoadhesive properties for their antimicrobial properties and toxicological characteristics. Of the five tested mucoadhesive biopolymers, the extracellular polymer produced by a strain of Acinetobacter haemolyticus exhibited broad antimicrobial efficacy towards Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Bacillus subtilis. Significant (p<0.05) inhibition of gram negative bacterial pathogens followed by gram positives were observed with the biopolymer at a dose of 40-60μg ml-1 at ambient temperature. The cytotoxicity under in vitro conditions and oral toxicity in murine models was also evaluated. The biopolymer did not elicit either haemolytic activity or toxicity in RAW 264.7 cell lines. Haemotological, histopathological and general examinations indicated no adverse effects in Swiss albino mice fed with the biopolymer (120mg kg-1 body weight-1 day1) over a period of 30 days. These results suggested that the biopolymer was well tolerated without any signs of toxicity and may have several potential biomedical applications where disinfection is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala-147004, India
| | - Taranpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala-147004, India
| | - Helen Bridle
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Moushumi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala-147004, India.
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32
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Park HS, Lim JH, Kim MY, Kim Y, Hong YA, Choi SR, Chung S, Kim HW, Choi BS, Kim YS, Chang YS, Park CW. Resveratrol increases AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. J Transl Med 2016; 14:176. [PMID: 27286657 PMCID: PMC4902973 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin has multiple functions including insulin sensitization, anti-inflammation and antiatherogenesis in various organs. Adiponectin activates 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α via the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) 1 and 2, which are critical for regulating lipids and glucose homeostasis and for controlling oxidative stress. We investigated whether resveratrol can inhibit renal damage in type 2 diabetic db/db mice and the underlying mechanisms of its effects. METHODS Four groups of male C57 BLKS/J db/m and db/db mice and human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) were used. Resveratrol was administered to diabetic and nondiabetic mice by oral gavage for 12 weeks starting at 8 weeks of age. RESULTS In db/db mice, resveratrol increased serum adiponectin levels and decreased albuminuria, glomerular matrix expansion, inflammation and apoptosis in the glomerulus. Resveratrol increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1), and decreased phosphorylation of downstream effectors class O forkhead box (FoxO)1 and FoxO3a via increasing AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in the renal cortex. Furthermore, resveratrol increased expression of PPARγ coactivator (PGC)-1α, estrogen-related receptor-1α, and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase and decreased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. This effect lowered the content of nonesterified fatty acid and triacylglycerol in the kidneys, decreasing apoptosis, oxidative stress and activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Resveratrol prevented cultured HGECs from undergoing high-glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α axis and PPARα through increases in AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that resveratrol prevents diabetic nephropathy by ameliorating lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction via increasing AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Suk Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Ah Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ryoung Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sik Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #505, Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, 137-040, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Yu G, Wang F, Zhang B, Fan J. In vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation by peptides derived from oat (Avena sativa L.), highland barley (Hordeum vulgare Linn. var. nudum Hook. f.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) proteins. Food Chem 2016; 194:577-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Menon R, Gonzalez T, Ferruzzi M, Jackson E, Winderl D, Watson J. Oats-From Farm to Fork. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 77:1-55. [PMID: 26944101 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oats have a long history of use as human food and animal feed. From its origins in the Fertile Crescent, the oat has adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions and geographic regions. Its unique macro-, micro-, and phytonutrient composition, high nutritional value, and relatively low agricultural input requirements makes oats unique among cereal crops. The health benefits of the oats are becoming well established. While the connection between oat β-glucan fiber in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and controlling glycemia have been unequivocally established, other potential benefits including modulation of intestinal microbiota and inflammation continue to be explored. Advances in food technology are continuing to expand the diversity of oat-based foods, creating opportunities to deliver the health benefits of oats to a larger segment of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Menon
- The Bell Institute of Health & Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN, United States; General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| | - Tanhia Gonzalez
- The Bell Institute of Health & Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN, United States; General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Eric Jackson
- General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dan Winderl
- General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jay Watson
- General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Lottenberg AMP, Fan PLT, Buonacorso V. Effects of dietary fiber intake on inflammation in chronic diseases. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 8:254-8. [PMID: 26760015 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082010md1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases are associated with inflammation due the increase of TNF-α, IL-6 and C-reactive protein concentrations. Occidental life style, specially related to the changes in food habits as observed in the past years, have an important role in the development of these diseases. Among the life style changes identified as having an impact in the development of diseases, is the decrease in dietary fiber consumption. Some studies have shown the negative relationship between fiber ingestion and inflammatory markers in chronic diseases. Dietary fibers have an important and a well-known role in different physiologic functions such as intestinal peristalsis, weight reduction by acting on satiety mechanisms, preventing colon cancer, reducing cholesterol and post-prandial glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Pita Lottenberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, BR
| | | | - Vivian Buonacorso
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - IIEPAE, São Paulo, SP, BR
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Chijimatsu T, Umeki M, Kobayashi S, Kataoka Y, Yamada K, Oda H, Mochizuki S. Dietary freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) extract suppresses accumulation of hepatic lipids and increases in serum cholesterol and aminotransferase activities induced by dietary chloretone in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1155-63. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1012147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the ameliorative effect of freshwater clam extract (FCE) on fatty liver, hypercholesterolemia, and liver injury in rats exposed to chloretone. Furthermore, we examined the effects of major FCE components (fat and protein fractions) to determine the active components in FCE. Chloretone increased serum aminotransferase activities and led to hepatic lipid accumulation. Serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic lipid content were lower in rats fed total FCE or fat/protein fractions of FCE. Expression of fatty acid synthase and fatty acid desaturase genes was upregulated by chloretone. Total FCE and fat/protein fractions of FCE suppressed the increase in gene expression involved in fatty acid synthesis. Serum cholesterol levels increased twofold upon chloretone exposure. Total FCE or fat/protein fractions of FCE showed hypocholesterolemic effects in rats with hypercholesterolemia induced by chloretone. These suggest that FCE contains at least two active components against fatty liver, hypercholesterolemia, and liver injury in rats exposed to chloretone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miki Umeki
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Science, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kataoka
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Garden for Medical Plants, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oda
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochizuki
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Science, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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Koh ES, Lim JH, Kim MY, Chung S, Shin SJ, Choi BS, Kim HW, Hwang SY, Kim SW, Park CW, Chang YS. Anthocyanin-rich Seoritae extract ameliorates renal lipotoxicity via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetic mice. J Transl Med 2015; 13:203. [PMID: 26116070 PMCID: PMC4482313 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are major constituents of food colours and have been reported to possess anti-diabetic activities for potential medicinal use. The precise role of anthocyanins in diabetic nephropathy is poorly understood. We investigated whether anthocyanin-rich Seoritae extract (SE) can potentially prevent oxidative stress and lipotoxicity, which are the main causes of renal damage in diabetic nephropathy, via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the consequent effects on its target molecules. METHODS Four groups of male C57BLKS/J db/m and db/db mice were used. Diabetic and non-diabetic mice were orally administered 10 mg/kg body weight SE daily for 12 weeks, starting at 8 weeks of age. RESULTS db/db mice treated with anthocyanins showed decreased albuminuria. Anthocyanins ameliorated intra-renal lipid concentrations in db/db mice with improvement of glomerular matrix expansion and inflammation, which was related to increased phosphorylation of AMPK and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ, and inhibited the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. Anthocyanins reversed diabetes-induced increases in renal apoptosis and oxidative stress. In cultured human glomerular endothelial cells, anthocyanins prevented high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through activation of AMPK in the same manner. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that anthocyanins ameliorated diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice via phosphorylation of AMPK, the major energy-sensing enzyme, and the consequent effects on its target molecules, which appeared to prevent lipotoxicity-related apoptosis and oxidative stress in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Koh
- Division of Nephrology, The Catholic University of Korea Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 150-713, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hee Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology, The Catholic University of Korea Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 150-713, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Nephrology, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, 56, Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 403-720, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Nephrology, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bucheon Saint Mary's Hospital, Sosa-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Geoynggi-do, 420-717, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Korea Bio Medical Science Institute, 652, Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-829, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Nephrology, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Sik Chang
- Division of Nephrology, The Catholic University of Korea Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 150-713, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou AL, Hergert N, Rompato G, Lefevre M. Whole grain oats improve insulin sensitivity and plasma cholesterol profile and modify gut microbiota composition in C57BL/6J mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:222-30. [PMID: 25644341 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.199778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole grain consumption reduces the risk of major chronic diseases. It is not clear how whole grains exert their beneficial effects. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the physiologic effects of whole grain oat (WGO) flour with low bran oat (LBO) flour. METHODS Two AIN-93G-based diets were formulated with either WGO or LBO flour. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed LBO (n = 11) and WGO (n = 13) diets for 8 wk. Cecal microbiota was profiled by pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Data are reported as means ± SEMs or antilogs of the mean (mean - SEM, mean + SEM). RESULTS The weight gain was 14.6% less in the WGO group during week 7 (P = 0.04). WGO improved insulin sensitivity as reflected by significantly lower plasma insulin [1500 (1370, 1650) ng/L vs. 2340 (2090, 2620) ng/L; P = 0.006], C-peptide (3980 ± 548 ng/L vs. 7340 ± 1050 ng/L; P = 0.007), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (21.4 ± 2.3 vs. 34.7 ± 4.9; P = 0.03). Plasma total cholesterol was 9.9% less and non-HDL cholesterol was 11% less in the WGO group. A comparison of relative abundance indicated Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Alcaligenaceae families were 175.5% (P = 0.03), 184.5% (P = 0.01), and 150.0% (P = 0.004), respectively, greater in the WGO group and Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were 527% (P = 0.004) and 62.6% (P = 0.01), respectively, greater in the LBO group. Cecal microbiota composition predicts 63.9% variation in plasma insulin and 88.9% variation in plasma non-HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS In mice, WGOs improved insulin sensitivity and plasma cholesterol profile compared with LBOs, and the effects were associated with the changes in cecal microbiota composition. Increasing WGO consumption may help improve insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lihong Zhou
- Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR), Applied Nutrition Research, and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences
| | - Nancie Hergert
- Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR), Applied Nutrition Research, and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences
| | - Giovanni Rompato
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Michael Lefevre
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT
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Lim MK, Ku SK, Choi JS, Kim JW. Effect of polycan, a β-glucan originating from Aureobasidium, on a high-fat diet-induced hyperlipemic hamster model. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1369-1378. [PMID: 25780437 PMCID: PMC4353769 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of polycan, a β-glucan originating from Aureobasidium, on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipemia and hepatic damage. A total of 30 hamsters were divided into 6 groups based on their body weight following acclimatization: control, sham, simvastatin (SIMVA) and 3 Polycan groups. In the polycan groups, Polycan, at three concentrations (31.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg), was administered orally once a day for 56 days, in addition to the HFD. On the day of sacrifice, changes in the body weight, food consumption, liver weight and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol (T-CHOL) were observed, as well as changes to the liver and aorta (thoracic and abdominal) histopathology and histomorphometry. The results from the polycan groups were compared with a SIMVA 10 mg/kg oral treatment group, in addition to the sham and vehicle control groups. After the HFD-induced hyperlipidemic hamsters were administered Polycan, there was no significant change in their body weight and food consumption when compared with the hamsters in the vehicle control group. However, the serum levels of AST, ALT, triglyceride, T-CHOL and LDL were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the vehicle control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of liver steatosis and arteriosclerosis in the abdominal and thoracic aorta were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). In the SIMVA-treated group, body weight (P<0.05), the serum level of lipids (triglyceride, T-CHOL and LDL; P<0.01) and the level of arteriosclerosis (P<0.01) were significantly reduced when compared with the vehicle control group. However, liver weight and the serum levels of AST, ALT, and liver steatosis increased when compared with the vehicle control group. Based on these results, it was concluded that polycan exerts a favorable effect in decreasing HFD-induced hyperlipemia and associated atherosclerosis, with relatively good protective effects on liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Kyoung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Bio-Food Materials, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Wan Kim
- Glucan Corporation, Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
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40
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Aqueous extracts of hulled barley containing coumaric acid and ferulic acid inhibit adipogenesis in vitro and obesity in vivo. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Kim H, Wang Q, Shoemaker CF, Zhong F, Bartley GE, Yokoyama WH. Polysaccharide gel coating of the leaves of Brasenia schreberi lowers plasma cholesterol in hamsters. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 5:56-61. [PMID: 26151010 PMCID: PMC4488095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brasenia schreberi (蓴菜 chún cài) is an invasive aquatic weed found in the USA, but the plant has economic value in Asia where it is cultivated for food. The young leaves of B. schreberi are coated with gelatinous water-insoluble mucilage. This mucilage is a polysaccharide composed of galactose, mannose, fucose, and other monosaccharides. Because some carbohydrate gels are hypocholesterolemic, we evaluated their cholesterol-lowering properties in male hamsters fed hypercholesterolemic diets containing 2% gel coat from B. schreberi (GEL), or 1% cholestyramine (CA), or 5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and compared them to 5% microcrystalline cellulose (control) for 3 weeks. We found that very-low-density lipoprotein-, low-density lipoprotein-, and total-cholesterol concentrations in plasma were significantly lowered by GEL, CA, and HPMC compared to control. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration was lowered by CA and HPMC. Body weights and abdominal adipose tissue weight of GEL and control group animals were greater than those of the CA and HPMC groups. Fecal lipid excretion was greater in the CA and HPMC groups than in the control group. Expression of hepatic CYP51 and CYP7A1 mRNA was upregulated by CA, HPMC, and GEL, indicating increased hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis. Expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA was upregulated by all treatments. These results suggest that modulation of hepatic expression of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism-regulated genes contributes to the cholesterol-lowering effects of GEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA ; Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Charles F Shoemaker
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Department of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Glenn E Bartley
- USDA, ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA
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Agostini S, Chiavacci E, Matteucci M, Torelli M, Pitto L, Lionetti V. Barley beta-glucan promotes MnSOD expression and enhances angiogenesis under oxidative microenvironment. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:227-38. [PMID: 25388628 PMCID: PMC4288365 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a foremost antioxidant enzyme, plays a key role in angiogenesis. Barley-derived (1.3) β-d-glucan (β-d-glucan) is a natural water-soluble polysaccharide with antioxidant properties. To explore the effects of β-d-glucan on MnSOD-related angiogenesis under oxidative stress, we tested epigenetic mechanisms underlying modulation of MnSOD level in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Long-term treatment of HUVECs with 3% w/v β-d-glucan significantly increased the level of MnSOD by 200% ± 2% compared to control and by 50% ± 4% compared to untreated H2O2-stressed cells. β-d-glucan-treated HUVECs displayed greater angiogenic ability. In vivo, 24 hrs-treatment with 3% w/v β-d-glucan rescued vasculogenesis in Tg (kdrl: EGFP) s843Tg zebrafish embryos exposed to oxidative microenvironment. HUVECs overexpressing MnSOD demonstrated an increased activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), reduced load of superoxide anion (O2−) and an increased survival under oxidative stress. In addition, β-d-glucan prevented the rise of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1-α under oxidative stress. The level of histone H4 acetylation was significantly increased by β-d-glucan. Increasing histone acetylation by sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs I), did not activate MnSOD-related angiogenesis and did not impair β-d-glucan effects. In conclusion, 3% w/v β-d-glucan activates endothelial expression of MnSOD independent of histone acetylation level, thereby leading to adequate removal of O2−, cell survival and angiogenic response to oxidative stress. The identification of dietary β-d-glucan as activator of MnSOD-related angiogenesis might lead to the development of nutritional approaches for the prevention of ischemic remodelling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Agostini
- Laboratory of Medical Science, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Picoli KP, Murakami AE, Nunes RV, do Amaral Duarte CR, Eyng C, Ospina-Rojas IC. Cassava starch factory residues in the diet of slow-growing broilers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:1371-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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A Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract Improves Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats Fed on a High-Cholesterol Diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 72:2566-71. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Improved β-glucan yield using an Aureobasidium pullulans M-2 mutant strain in a 200-L pilot scale fermentor targeting industrial mass production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Bhathena J, Martoni C, Kulamarva A, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Malhotra M, Paul A, Urbanska AM, Prakash S. Oral probiotic microcapsule formulation ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bio F1B Golden Syrian hamsters. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58394. [PMID: 23554890 PMCID: PMC3595252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of a microencapsulated feruloyl esterase producing Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 11976 formulation for use in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was investigated. For which Bio F1B Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a methionine deficient/choline devoid diet to induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results, for the first time, show significant clinical benefits in experimental animals. Examination of lipids show that concentrations of hepatic free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly lowered in treated animals. In addition, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and insulin resistance were found to decrease in treated animals. Liver histology evaluations showed reduced fat deposits. Western blot analysis shows significant differences in expression levels of key liver enzymes in treated animals. In conclusion, these findings suggest the excellent potential of using an oral probiotic formulation to ameliorate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Bhathena
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher Martoni
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arun Kulamarva
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Tomaro-Duchesneau
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arghya Paul
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Malgorzata Urbanska
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Singh R, De S, Belkheir A. Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:126-44. [PMID: 23072529 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.526725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present review article is to summarize the available information related to the availability, production, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and traditional uses of Avena sativa to highlight its potential to contribute to human health. Oats are now cultivated worldwide and form an important dietary staple for the people in number of countries. Several varieties of oats are available. It is a rich source of protein, contains a number of important minerals, lipids, β-glucan, a mixed-linkage polysaccharide, which forms an important part of oat dietary fiber, and also contains various other phytoconstituents like avenanthramides, an indole alkaloid-gramine, flavonoids, flavonolignans, triterpenoid saponins, sterols, and tocols. Traditionally oats have been in use since long and are considered as stimulant, antispasmodic, antitumor, diuretic, and neurotonic. Oat possesses different pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anticholesterolaemic, etc. A wide spectrum of biological activities indicates that oat is a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya.
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Freshwater Clam Extract Ameliorates Triglyceride and Cholesterol Metabolism through the Expression of Genes Involved in Hepatic Lipogenesis and Cholesterol Degradation in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:830684. [PMID: 23476706 PMCID: PMC3583048 DOI: 10.1155/2013/830684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater clam (Corbicula spp.) is a popular edible bivalve and has been used as a folk remedy for liver disease in Asia. As a Chinese traditional medicine, it is said that freshwater clam ameliorates alcoholic intoxication and cholestasis. In this study, to estimate the practical benefit of freshwater clam extract (FCE), we compared the effects of FCE and soy protein isolate (SPI) on triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism in rats. FCE and SPI lowered serum cholesterol, and FCE tended to reduce serum triglycerides. FCE enhanced fecal sterol excretion and hepatic mRNA levels of CYP7A1 and ABCG5 more substantially than SPI; however, both diets reduced hepatic cholesterol. Both of the diets similarly suppressed liver lipids improved Δ9-desaturated fatty acid profile, and FCE was associated with a reduction in FAS and SCD1 mRNA levels. Hepatic transcriptome analysis revealed that inhibition of lipogenesis-related gene expression may contribute to downregulation of hepatic triglycerides by FCE. FCE would have better potential benefits for preventing metabolic disorders, through greater improvement of metabolism of triglycerides and cholesterol, likely through a mechanism similar to SPI.
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The increasing use of barley and barley by-products in the production of healthier baked goods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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