1
|
Zajac M, Jakiela S, Dolowy K. Understanding Bidirectional Water Transport across Bronchial Epithelial Cell Monolayers: A Microfluidic Approach. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:901. [PMID: 38132905 PMCID: PMC10744786 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the dynamics of water transport across bronchial epithelial cell monolayers is pivotal for unraveling respiratory physiology and pathology. In this study, we employ an advanced microfluidic system to explore bidirectional water transport across 16HBE14σ bronchial epithelial cells. Previous experiments unveiled electroneutral multiple ion transport, with chloride ions utilizing transcellular pathways and sodium ions navigating both paracellular and transcellular routes. Unexpectedly, under isoosmotic conditions, rapid bidirectional movement of Na+ and Cl- was observed, leading to the hypothesis of a substantial transport of isoosmotic solution (145 mM NaCl) across cell monolayers. To validate this conjecture, we introduce an innovative microfluidic device, offering a 500-fold sensitivity improvement in quantifying fluid flow. This system enables the direct measurement of minuscule fluid volumes traversing cell monolayers with unprecedented precision. Our results challenge conventional models, indicating a self-regulating mechanism governing water transport that involves the CFTR channel and anion exchangers. In healthy subjects, equilibrium is achieved at an apical potential of Δφap = -30 mV, while subjects with cystic fibrosis exhibit modulation by an anion exchanger, reaching equilibrium at [Cl] = 67 mM in the airway surface liquid. This nuanced electrochemical basis for bidirectional water transport in bronchial epithelia sheds light on physiological intricacies and introduces a novel perspective for understanding respiratory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Zajac
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Krzysztof Dolowy
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Folz J, Culver RN, Morales JM, Grembi J, Triadafilopoulos G, Relman DA, Huang KC, Shalon D, Fiehn O. Human metabolome variation along the upper intestinal tract. Nat Metab 2023; 5:777-788. [PMID: 37165176 PMCID: PMC10229427 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Most processing of the human diet occurs in the small intestine. Metabolites in the small intestine originate from host secretions, plus the ingested exposome1 and microbial transformations. Here we probe the spatiotemporal variation of upper intestinal luminal contents during routine daily digestion in 15 healthy male and female participants. For this, we use a non-invasive, ingestible sampling device to collect and analyse 274 intestinal samples and 60 corresponding stool homogenates by combining five mass spectrometry assays2,3 and 16S rRNA sequencing. We identify 1,909 metabolites, including sulfonolipids and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) lipids. We observe that stool and intestinal metabolomes differ dramatically. Food metabolites display trends in dietary biomarkers, unexpected increases in dicarboxylic acids along the intestinal tract and a positive association between luminal keto acids and fruit intake. Diet-derived and microbially linked metabolites account for the largest inter-individual differences. Notably, two individuals who had taken antibiotics within 6 months before sampling show large variation in levels of bioactive FAHFAs and sulfonolipids and other microbially related metabolites. From inter-individual variation, we identify Blautia species as a candidate to be involved in FAHFA metabolism. In conclusion, non-invasive, in vivo sampling of the human small intestine and ascending colon under physiological conditions reveals links between diet, host and microbial metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Folz
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Neal Culver
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Grembi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Chen X. ADME/T-based strategies for paraquat detoxification: Transporters and enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118137. [PMID: 34536650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic, organic herbicide for which there is no specific antidote. Although banned in some countries, it is still used as an irreplaceable weed killer in others. The lack of understanding of the precise mechanism of its toxicity has hindered the development of treatments for PQ exposure. While toxicity is thought to be related to PQ-induced oxidative stress, antioxidants are limited in their ability to ameliorate the untoward biological responses to this agent. Summarized in this review are data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) of PQ, focusing on the essential roles of individual transporters and enzymes in these processes. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed to design and test specific and effective antidotes for the clinical management of PQ poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Glade MJ, Crook MA. Choline deficiency: Is it being recognized? Nutrition 2021; 94:111509. [PMID: 34862116 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin A Crook
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Goh YQ, Cheam G, Wang Y. Understanding Choline Bioavailability and Utilization: First Step Toward Personalizing Choline Nutrition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10774-10789. [PMID: 34392687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Choline is an essential macronutrient involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, cell-membrane signaling, lipid transport, and methyl-group metabolism. Nevertheless, the vast majority are not meeting the recommended intake requirement. Choline deficiency is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, skeletal muscle atrophy, and neurodegenerative diseases. The conversion of dietary choline to trimethylamine by gut microbiota is known for its association with atherosclerosis and may contribute to choline deficiency. Choline-utilizing bacteria constitutes less than 1% of the gut community and is modulated by lifestyle interventions such as dietary patterns, antibiotics, and probiotics. In addition, choline utilization is also affected by genetic factors, further complicating the impact of choline on health. This review overviews the complex interplay between dietary intakes of choline, gut microbiota and genetic factors, and the subsequent impact on health. Understanding of gut microbiota metabolism of choline substrates and interindividual variability is warranted in the development of personalized choline nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi Goh
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
| | - Guoxiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anwar W, Dawaba HM, Afouna MI, Samy AM, Rashed MH, Abdelaziz AE. Enhancing the Oral Bioavailability of Candesartan Cilexetil Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: In Vitro Characterization and Absorption in Rats after Oral Administration. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1047. [PMID: 33142816 PMCID: PMC7692391 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Candesartan Cilexetil (CC) is a prodrug widely used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, but it has some limitations, such as very poor aqueous solubility, high affinity to P-glycoprotein efflux mechanism, and hepatic first-pass metabolism. Therefore, it has very low oral bioavailability. In this study, glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and Capryol™ 90 were selected as solid and liquid lipids, respectively, to develop CC-NLC (nanostructured lipid carrier). CC was successfully encapsulated into NLP (CC-NLC) to enhance its oral bioavailability. CC-NLC was formulated using a hot homogenization-ultrasonication technique, and the physicochemical properties were characterized. The developed CC-NLC formulation was showed in nanometric size (121.6 ± 6.2 nm) with high encapsulation efficiency (96.23 ± 3.14%). Furthermore, it appeared almost spherical in morphology under a transmission electron microscope. The surgical experiment of the designed CC-NLC for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract revealed that CC-NLC absorption in the stomach was only 15.26% of that in the intestine. Otherwise, cellular uptake study exhibit that CC-NLCs should be internalized through the enterocytes after that transported through the systemic circulation. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that the oral bioavailability of CC was remarkably improved above 2-fold after encapsulation into nanostructured lipid carriers. These results ensured that nanostructured lipid carriers have a highly beneficial effect on improving the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt or (H.M.D.); (M.I.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Hamdy M. Dawaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt or (H.M.D.); (M.I.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al Qantarah Sharq 41636, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohsen I. Afouna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt or (H.M.D.); (M.I.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Samy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt or (H.M.D.); (M.I.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Mohammed H. Rashed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Abdelaziz E. Abdelaziz
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelshiekh University, Kafrelshiekh 33516, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
An J, Hu J, Shang Y, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Yu Z. The cytotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants on HepG2, A549 and Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:980-8. [PMID: 27336727 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1191819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the cytotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), three human in vitro models, namely the HepG2 hepatoma cells, the A549 lung cancer cells and the Caco-2 colon cancer cells, were chosen to investigate the toxicity of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tributylphosphate (TBP), tris(2-butoxyexthyl) phosphate (TBEP) and tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP). Cytotoxicity was assayed in terms of cell viability, DNA damage status, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. The results showed that all these four OPFRs could inhibit cell viability, overproduce ROS level, induce DNA lesions and increase the LDH leakage. In addition, the toxic effects of OPFRs in Caco-2 cells were relatively severer than those in HepG2 and A549 cells, which might result from some possible mechanisms apart from oxidative stress pathway. In conclusion, TBP, TPP, TBEP and TCPP could induce cell toxicity in various cell lines at relatively high concentrations as evidenced by suppression of cell viability, overproduction of ROS, induction of DNA lesions and increase of LDH leakage. Different cell types seemed to have different sensitivities and responses to OPFRs exposure, as well as the underlying potential molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yu Shang
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- a Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- b State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han TK, Proctor WR, Costales CL, Cai H, Everett RS, Thakker DR. Four cation-selective transporters contribute to apical uptake and accumulation of metformin in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 352:519-28. [PMID: 25563903 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.220350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the frontline therapy for type II diabetes mellitus. The oral bioavailability of metformin is unexpectedly high, between 40 and 60%, given its hydrophilicity and positive charge at all physiologic pH values. Previous studies in Caco-2 cell monolayers, a cellular model of the human intestinal epithelium, showed that during absorptive transport metformin is taken up into the cells via transporters in the apical (AP) membrane; however, predominant transport to the basolateral (BL) side occurs via the paracellular route because intracellular metformin cannot egress across the BL membrane. Furthermore, these studies have suggested that the AP transporters can contribute to intestinal accumulation and absorption of metformin. Transporter-specific inhibitors as well as a novel approach involving a cocktail of transporter inhibitors with overlapping selectivity were used to identify the AP transporters that mediate metformin uptake in Caco-2 cell monolayers; furthermore, the relative contributions of these transporters in metformin AP uptake were also determined. The organic cation transporter 1, plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), serotonin reuptake transporter, and choline high-affinity transporter contributed to approximately 25%, 20%, 20%, and 15%, respectively, of the AP uptake of metformin. PMAT-knockdown Caco-2 cells were constructed to confirm the contribution of PMAT in metformin AP uptake because a PMAT-selective inhibitor is not available. The identification of four intestinal transporters that contribute to AP uptake and potentially intestinal absorption of metformin is a significant novel finding that can influence our understanding of metformin pharmacology and intestinal drug-drug interactions involving this highly prescribed drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Kevin Han
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics (T.H., W.R.P., C.L.C.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics (H.C., R.S.E., D.R.T.), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William R Proctor
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics (T.H., W.R.P., C.L.C.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics (H.C., R.S.E., D.R.T.), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chester L Costales
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics (T.H., W.R.P., C.L.C.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics (H.C., R.S.E., D.R.T.), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hao Cai
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics (T.H., W.R.P., C.L.C.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics (H.C., R.S.E., D.R.T.), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ruth S Everett
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics (T.H., W.R.P., C.L.C.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics (H.C., R.S.E., D.R.T.), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dhiren R Thakker
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics (T.H., W.R.P., C.L.C.) and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics (H.C., R.S.E., D.R.T.), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silva R, Carmo H, Vilas-Boas V, Barbosa DJ, Monteiro M, de Pinho PG, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Several transport systems contribute to the intestinal uptake of Paraquat, modulating its cytotoxic effects. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:271-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Schenkel LC, Singh RK, Michel V, Zeisel SH, da Costa KA, Johnson AR, Mudd HS, Bakovic M. Mechanism of choline deficiency and membrane alteration in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome primary skin fibroblasts. FASEB J 2014; 29:1663-75. [PMID: 25466896 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts from a patient with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), who presented with low plasma choline and betaine, were studied to determine the metabolic characteristics of the choline deficiency. Choline is required for the synthesis of the phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) and for betaine, an important osmoregulator. Here, choline transport, lipid homeostasis, and mitochondria function were analyzed in skin fibroblasts from POTS and compared with control cells. The choline transporter-like protein 1/solute carrier 44A1 (CTL1/SLC44A1) and mRNA expression were 2-3 times lower in POTS fibroblasts, and choline uptake was reduced 60% (P < 0.05). Disturbances of membrane homeostasis were observed by reduced ratios between PC:phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin:cholesterol, as well as by modified phospholipid fatty acid composition. Choline deficiency also impaired mitochondria function, which was observed by a reduction in oxygen consumption, mitochondrial potential, and glycolytic activity. When POTS cells were treated with choline, transporter was up-regulated, and uptake of choline increased, offering an option for patient treatment. The characteristics of the POTS fibroblasts described here represent a first model of choline and CTL1/SLC44A1 deficiency, in which choline transport, membrane homeostasis, and mitochondrial function are impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila C Schenkel
- *Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Toxicology Services Incorporated, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ratnesh K Singh
- *Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Toxicology Services Incorporated, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vera Michel
- *Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Toxicology Services Incorporated, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- *Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Toxicology Services Incorporated, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kerry-Ann da Costa
- *Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Toxicology Services Incorporated, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy R Johnson
- *Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Toxicology Services Incorporated, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Harvey S Mudd
- *Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Toxicology Services Incorporated, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marica Bakovic
- *Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Toxicology Services Incorporated, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Horie A, Ishida K, Watanabe Y, Shibata K, Hashimoto Y. Membrane transport mechanisms of choline in human intestinal epithelial LS180 cells. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2014; 35:532-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Horie
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishida
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yuri Watanabe
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Kaito Shibata
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yukiya Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arias A, Rigalli JP, Villanueva SSM, Ruiz ML, Luquita MG, Perdomo VG, Vore M, Catania VA, Mottino AD. Regulation of expression and activity of multidrug resistance proteins MRP2 and MDR1 by estrogenic compounds in Caco-2 cells. Role in prevention of xenobiotic-induced cytotoxicity. Toxicology 2014; 320:46-55. [PMID: 24685904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ABC transporters including MRP2, MDR1 and BCRP play a major role in tissue defense. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a cytoprotective role of estrogens in intestine, though the mechanism remains poorly understood. We evaluated whether pharmacologic concentrations of ethynylestradiol (EE, 0.05pM to 5nM), or concentrations of genistein (GNT) associated with soy ingestion (0.1-10μM), affect the expression and activity of multidrug resistance proteins MRP2, MDR1 and BCRP using Caco-2 cells, an in vitro model of intestinal epithelium. We found that incubation with 5pM EE and 1μM GNT for 48h increased expression and activity of both MRP2 and MDR1. Estrogens did not affect expression of BCRP protein at any concentration studied. Irrespective of the estrogen tested, up-regulation of MDR1 and MRP2 protein was accompanied by increased levels of MDR1 mRNA, whereas MRP2 mRNA remained unchanged. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated association of MRP2 and MDR1 up-regulation with increased resistance to cell death induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, an MRP2 substrate precursor, and by paraquat, an MDR1 substrate. Experiments using an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist implicate ER participation in MRP2 and MDR1 regulation. GNT but not EE increased the expression of ERβ, the most abundant form in human intestine and in Caco-2 cells, which could lead in turn to increased sensitivity to estrogens. We conclude that specific concentrations of estrogens can confer resistance against cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells, due in part to positive modulation of ABC transporters involved in extrusion of their toxic substrates. Although extrapolation of these results to the in vivo situation must be cautiously done, the data could explain tentatively the cytoprotective role of estrogens against chemical injury in intestine.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/drug effects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/drug effects
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Caco-2 Cells
- Dinitrochlorobenzene/toxicity
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Ethinyl Estradiol/administration & dosage
- Ethinyl Estradiol/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genistein/administration & dosage
- Genistein/pharmacology
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/drug effects
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/drug effects
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Paraquat/toxicity
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Glycine max/chemistry
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Xenobiotics/toxicity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Arias
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina S M Villanueva
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María L Ruiz
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Luquita
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Virginia G Perdomo
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mary Vore
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Viviana A Catania
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Aldo D Mottino
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
De Maria S, Scognamiglio I, Lombardi A, Amodio N, Caraglia M, Cartenì M, Ravagnan G, Stiuso P. Polydatin, a natural precursor of resveratrol, induces cell cycle arrest and differentiation of human colorectal Caco-2 cell. J Transl Med 2013; 11:264. [PMID: 24138806 PMCID: PMC3854516 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human colon adenocarcinoma cells are resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, such as anthracyclines, that induce death by increasing the reactive oxygen species. A number of studies have been focused on chemo-preventive use of resveratrol as antioxidant against cardiovascular diseases, aging and cancer. While resveratrol cytotoxic action was due to its pro-oxidant properties. In this study, we investigate whether the Resveratrol (trans-3,5,49-trihydroxystilbene) and its natural precursor Polydatin (resveratrol-3-O-b-mono- D-glucoside, the glycoside form of resveratrol) combination, might have a cooperative antitumor effect on either growing or differentiated human adenocarcinoma colon cancer cells. Methods The polydatin and resveratrol pharmacological interaction was evaluated in vitro on growing and differentiated Caco-2 cell lines by median drug effect analysis calculating a combination index with CalcuSyn software. We have selected a synergistic combination and we have evaluated its effect on the biological and molecular mechanisms of cell death. Results Simultaneous exposure to polydatin and resveratrol produced synergistic antiproliferative effects compared with single compound treatment. We demonstrated that polydatin alone or in combination with resveratrol at 3:1 molar ratio synergistically modulated oxidative stress, cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis. Worthy of note treatment with polydatin induced a nuclear localization and decreased expression of heat shock protein 27, and vimentin redistributed within the cell. Conclusions From morphological, and biochemical outcome we obtained evidences that polydatin induced a transition from a proliferative morphology to cell-specific differentiated structures and caused human CaCo-2 cell death by induction of apoptosis. Our data suggest the potential use of polydatin in combination chemotherapy for human colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophisics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silva R, Carmo H, Vilas-Boas V, Pinho PGD, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Carvalho F, Silva I, Correia-de-Sá P, Bastos MDL, Remião F. Doxorubicin decreases paraquat accumulation and toxicity in Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 217:34-41. [PMID: 23220037 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Zhang Z, Gao F, Bu H, Xiao J, Li Y. Solid lipid nanoparticles loading candesartan cilexetil enhance oral bioavailability: in vitro characteristics and absorption mechanism in rats. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:740-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
16
|
Gomez-Monterrey I, Campiglia P, Aquino C, Bertamino A, Granata I, Carotenuto A, Brancaccio D, Stiuso P, Scognamiglio I, Rusciano MR, Maione AS, Illario M, Grieco P, Maresca B, Novellino E. Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Acyl Derivatives of 3-Aminonaphtho[2,3-b]thiophene-4,9-dione, a Quinone-Based System. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4077-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Division of BioMedicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Claudio Aquino
- Kellogg School of Science and Technology at The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Granata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Division of BioMedicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Scognamiglio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Rosaria Rusciano
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Serena Maione
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Illario
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Maresca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Division of BioMedicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Healthy Heart Program Prevention Clinic, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao F, Zhang Z, Bu H, Huang Y, Gao Z, Shen J, Zhao C, Li Y. Nanoemulsion improves the oral absorption of candesartan cilexetil in rats: Performance and mechanism. J Control Release 2011; 149:168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
19
|
Gomez-Monterrey I, Campiglia P, Bertamino A, Aquino C, Sala M, Grieco P, Dicitore A, Vanacore D, Porta A, Maresca B, Novellino E, Stiuso P. A novel quinone-based derivative (DTNQ-Pro) induces apoptotic death via modulation of heat shock protein expression in Caco-2 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:931-40. [PMID: 20590589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The resistance of human colon adenocarcinoma cells to antineoplastic agents may be related to the high endogenous expression of stress proteins, including the family of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Recently, a quinone-based pentacyclic derivative, DTNQ-Pro, showed high cytotoxic activity in human colon carcinoma cell lines. The aim of the present study was to determine the precise cellular mechanisms of this cytotoxic action of DTNQ-Pro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using human colorectal carcinoma-derived Caco-2 cells as a model, we studied the effects of DTNQ-Pro on cellular viability and oxidative stress; HSP70 and HSP27 accumulation; and cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis. KEY RESULTS Incubation of Caco-2 cells with DTNQ-Pro reduced cell growth and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. After 48 h of treatment, cells surviving showed an increased expression of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide production and membrane lipid peroxidation. Treatment with DTNQ-Pro decreased HSP70 expression, and redistributed HSP27 and vimentin within the cell. DTNQ-Pro down-regulated the expression of A and B cyclins with arrest of the cell cycle in S phase and increased cellular differentiation. A second treatment of Caco-2 cells with DTNQ-Pro induced cellular death by activation of the apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DTNQ-Pro causes Caco-2 cell death by induction of apoptosis via inhibition of HSP70 accumulation and the intracellular redistribution of HSP27. These findings suggest the potential use of DTNQ-Pro in combination chemotherapy for colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
In vitro study of P-glycoprotein induction as an antidotal pathway to prevent cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:315-26. [PMID: 20857089 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
21
|
Fitsanakis VA, Piccola G, Marreilha dos Santos AP, Aschner JL, Aschner M. Putative proteins involved in manganese transport across the blood-brain barrier. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007; 26:295-302. [PMID: 17615110 DOI: 10.1177/0960327107070496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for proper growth and maintenance of numerous biological systems. At high levels it is known to be neurotoxic. While focused research concerning the transport of Mn across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is on-going, the exact identity of the transporter(s) responsible is still debated. The transferrin receptor (TfR) and the divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT-1) have long been thought to play a role in brain Mn deposition. However, evidence suggests that Mn may also be transported by other proteins. One model system of the BBB, rat brain endothelial (RBE4) cells, are known to express many proteins suspected to be involved in metal transport. This review will discuss the biological importance of Mn, and then briefly describe several proteins that may be involved in transport of this metal across the BBB. The latter section will examine the potential usefulness of RBE4 cells in characterizing various aspects of Mn transport, and basic culture techniques involved in working with these cells. It is hoped that ideas put forth in this article will stimulate further investigations into the complex nature of Mn transport, and address the importance as well as the limitation of in vitro models in answering these questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Fitsanakis
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2495, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oda M, Fujimoto K, Kobayashi M, Saitoh H. Bacampicillin uptake is shared with thiamine in Caco-2 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1344-9. [PMID: 17603179 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacampicillin was developed as a prodrug to improve the intestinal absorption of its metabolite ampicillin. This study was undertaken to characterize bacampicillin transport in Caco-2 cells. The uptake of bacampicillin in Caco-2 cells was significantly greater than those of ampicillin and pivampicillin. An Eadie-Hofstee plot obtained from 5-min uptake of 0.2-5 mM bacampicillin was linear, indicating the presence of a saturable transport system for bacampicillin with K(m) and V(max) of 3.6 mM and 23.9 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively. Hydrophilic organic cations such as choline, cimetidine, guanidine, nicotinamide, 1-methylnicotiamide, and tetraethylammonium failed to modulate bacampicillin uptake in Caco-2 cells whereas diphenhydramine, procainamide, and thiamine significantly depressed it. Moreover, when thiamine was preloaded in Caco-2 cells, bacampicillin uptake was significantly increased, indicating that this cationic vitamin was capable of trans-stimulating bacampicillin transport across the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells. However, trans-stimulated bacampicillin uptake was not observed in the presence of diphenhydramine. Bacampicillin uptake increased with elevation of the medium pH, and the known modulators of thiamine transport such as amiloride and oxythiamine significantly inhibited bacampicillin uptake. Thiamine also significantly decreased the apical-to-basolateral transport of bacampicillin across Caco-2 cell monolayers. However, thiamine did not exert any modulating effect on pivampicillin uptake and its apical-to-basolateral permeation in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that bacampicillin is transported in Caco-2 cells, sharing a carrier-mediated system with thiamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zödl B, Schmid D, Wassler G, Gundacker C, Leibetseder V, Thalhammer T, Ekmekcioglu C. Intestinal transport and metabolism of acrylamide. Toxicology 2007; 232:99-108. [PMID: 17267090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There has been an intensive debate whether dietary exposure to acrylamide could increase the risk of human cancer since the first description of the presence of acrylamide in food in 2002. As the intestinal mechanisms of acrylamide absorption are poorly investigated we studied the transport of acrylamide in differentiated Caco-2 cells and its effects on biotransformation enzymes (CYP2E1 and glutathione S-transferase) and glutathione levels. We found that the apparent permeability of [1-(14)C] acrylamide from the basal to the apical compartment was approximately 20% higher compared to that in the opposite direction. No differences were detected for apical-basal transport against a basal gradient. Transport rates from the apical to the basal chamber at 4 degrees C were about 50% lower than at 37 degrees C. Concentration dependent transport from apical to basal was linear. Predominantly, basal to apical transport was decreased when energy metabolism of the cells was inhibited by application of sodium azide and 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Finally, more acrylamide was transported at luminal pH 6 compared to pH 7.4 from basal to the apical direction. Increasing levels of acrylamide showed no effects on the activity of glutathione S-transferase but resulted in a depletion of total glutathione concentrations. In conclusion transport of acrylamide in the intestine is mediated primarily by passive processes possibly combined with a modest energy- and pH-dependent active secretory component. Depletion of cellular glutathione levels may be one potential mechanism for acrylamide (geno)toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Zödl
- Department of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Eliyahu G, Kreizman T, Degani H. Phosphocholine as a biomarker of breast cancer: Molecular and biochemical studies. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:1721-30. [PMID: 17236204 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of metabolic and molecular markers that help improving the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer is an important goal to be achieved. A high composite-choline signal in magnetic resonance spectra of breast lesions has been demonstrated to improve the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. In the present study we revealed the principal molecular and biochemical steps associated with the induction of choline metabolism and phosphocholine accumulation in human breast cancer cell-lines in comparison with normal human mammary epithelial cells. We found upregulation of the expression levels of specific choline transporters: organic cation transporter-2 and choline high affinity transporter-1, as well as of the enzyme choline kinase alpha in the cancerous cells in comparison with that in the normal mammary epithelial cells. The expression levels of choline transporter like-1, organic cation transporter-1 and choline kinase beta were similar in normal and cancerous cells. We further showed that choline transport rates and choline kinase activity indeed increased by several fold in the cancer cells leading to the elevation of phosphocholine. The results strongly suggest that phosphocholine can serve as a biomarker of breast cancer reflecting upregulation of specific choline transporters and choline kinase genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galit Eliyahu
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim MK, Shim CK. The transport of organic cations in the small intestine: current knowledge and emerging concepts. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:605-16. [PMID: 16903083 DOI: 10.1007/bf02969273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of drugs and endogenous bioactive amines are organic cations (OCs). Approximately 40% of all conventional drugs on the market are OCs. Thus, the transport of xenobiotics or endogenous OCs in the body has been a subject of considerable interest, since the discovery and cloning of a family of OC transporters, referred to as organic cation transporter (OCTs), and a new subfamily of OCTs, OCTNs, leading to the functional characterization of these transporters in various systems including oocytes and some cell lines. Organic cation transporters are critical in drug absorption, targeting, and disposition of a drug. In this review, the recent advances in the characterization of organic cation transporters and their distribution in the small intestine are discussed. The results of the in vitro transport studies of various OCs in the small intestine using techniques such as isolated brush-border membrane vesicles, Ussing chamber systems and Caco-2 cells are discussed, and in vivo knock-out animal studies are summarized. Such information is essential for predicting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and in the design and development of new cationic drugs. An understanding of the mechanisms that control the intestinal transport of OCs will clearly aid achieving desirable clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Transporters Targeted Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Awad AB, Fink CS, Trautwein EA, Ntanios FY. β-Sitosterol stimulates ceramide metabolism in differentiated Caco2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:650-5. [PMID: 16098730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory on tumor cells suggest that phytosterols stimulate ceramide production, which was associated with cell growth inhibition and stimulation of apoptosis. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of phytosterols on ceramide metabolism in small intestinal cells that represent the first cells in contact with dietary phytosterols. Caco(2) cells, an accepted model for human intestinal epithelial cells, were used in this study. Ceramide and ceramide-containing lipids were examined by labeling the ceramide pool with (3)H-serine. Cells were supplemented with 16 microM of sterols (cholesterol, beta-sitosterol or campesterol) for 16 days postconfluence and continued to differentiate. Of the two phytosterols, beta-sitosterol, but not campesterol, induced more than double the serine labeling when compared with cholesterol. This increase was uniform in sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide and sphingosine labeling. Sterols had no effect on SM concentration in the cells. In addition, sterol had no effect on the activity of SM synthase or sphingomyelinases. There was an inhibition of ceramidases with campesterol supplementation. These data suggest that the observed increases in SM and sphingosine labeling were due to an increase in ceramide turnover. The increase in ceramide turnover with beta-sitosterol supplementation was not associated with growth inhibition but was with increases in ceramide glycosylation products such as cerebrosides and gangliosides. It was concluded that beta-sitosterol has no effect on differential Caco(2), a model of normal small intestinal cells. The increase in the glycosylated ceramide products may offer a means to protect the cells from the harmful effect of ceramide by excreting them with lipoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atif B Awad
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, 14214, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yuan Z, Wagner L, Poloumienko A, Bakovic M. Identification and expression of a mouse muscle-specific CTL1 gene. Gene 2004; 341:305-12. [PMID: 15474312 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Revised: 07/01/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a mouse gene and cDNA encoding for a novel skeletal muscle-specific choline transporter-like protein 1 (mCTL1) were identified and mCTL1 mRNA and protein expression characterized. The mCTL1 cDNA is 2888-bp long; consisting of a 653-amino-acid open-reading frame, 8-11 putative transmembrane domains, three N-glycosylation sites and seven protein kinase C phosphorylation sites. The mCTL1 gene is localized to chromosome 4B2, at 182 kb in length, and encoded by 17 exons. Although the mCTL1 mRNA was expressed in several mouse tissues such as muscle, brain, heart and testis, the protein analyses of multiple tissues and membrane vesicles reveal that mCTL1 is exclusively expressed in skeletal muscle. Expression of His-tagged mCTL1 in Cos-7 cells produces an increase in saturable choline uptake that is sensitive to a Na(+)-ion gradient, ethanolamine and the Ca(2+)-channel blocker verapamil, and insensitive to low concentrations of hemicholinium-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongfei Yuan
- Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|