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Gholami A, Darudi F, Baradaran HR, Hariri M. Effect of soy isoflavones on C-reactive protein in chronic inflammatory disorders. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:447-458. [PMID: 35291882 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
New evidence suggests that soy products might reduce chronic systemic inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the effect of soy isoflavones on serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) among participants with chronic inflammatory disorders by conducting this study. Cochrane Library, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and PubMed were searched to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to December 2020. The effect size was calculated by the mean change from baseline in concentrations of CRP and its standard deviation for both intervention and comparison groups. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used when the heterogeneity test was statistically significant. In total, thirteen RCTs involving 1213 participants and ten RCTs involving 1052 participants were eligible for our systematic review and meta-analysis respectively. Study duration ranged from 4 to 96 weeks and soy isoflavones dose varied from 33 to 132 mg/day. Overall effect size indicated a non-significant effect on serum concentration of CRP following soy isoflavones intake (weighted mean differences (WMD)=-0.15 mg/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.54, 0.23; p=0.430). Subgroup analysis revealed that soy isoflavones significantly reduced serum concentration of CRP in studies among participants with age >57 years and baseline CRP levels >3.75 mg/L. The present study proposed that soy isoflavones could not significantly reduce serum CRP levels. It seems more RCTs on participants with age more than 57 years and higher levels of CRP is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Darudi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Biscotti P, Del Bo' C, Carvalho C, Torres D, Reboul E, Pellegrini B, Vinelli V, Polito A, Censi L, Porrini M, Martini D, Riso P. Can the Substitution of Milk with Plant-Based Drinks Affect Health-Related Markers? A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Studies in Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112603. [PMID: 37299566 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant-based drinks (PBDs) in substitution for cow's milk (CM) is increasing due to concerns for human and planet health and animal welfare. The present review aims to analyze the main findings from intervention trials investigating the effect of PBDs in comparison with CM on markers of human health. Suitable articles published up to July 2022 were sourced from PubMed and Scopus databases. A total of 29 papers were collected, with 27 focusing on soy drinks (1 of which also evaluated the effects of an almond drink), while only 2 focused on rice drinks. Among studies focused on soy drinks, the most investigated factors were anthropometric parameters (n = 13), the lipid profile (n = 8), markers of inflammation and/or oxidative stress (n = 7), glucose and insulin responses (n = 6) and blood pressure (n = 4). Despite some evidence of a beneficial effect of PBDs, especially for the lipid profile, it was not possible to draw any overall conclusions due to some conflicting results. As well as the low number of studies, a wide heterogeneity was found in terms of the characteristics of subjects, duration and markers, which reduces the strength of the available results. In conclusion, further studies are needed to better elucidate the effects of substituting CM with PBDs, especially in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Biscotti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Catarina Carvalho
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Torres
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emmanuelle Reboul
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, INSERM, C2VN, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Beatrice Pellegrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vinelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Polito
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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An JH, Ko MJ, Chung MS. Thermal conversion kinetics and solubility of soy isoflavones in subcritical water extraction. Food Chem 2023; 424:136430. [PMID: 37245473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of isoflavones during subcritical water extraction were studied using first-order reaction kinetics modeling. Isoflavones were extracted from soybean using temperatures from 100℃ to 180℃ for 3 to 30 min. It was found that malonylgenistin was the most thermally unstable, with little being detected above 100℃. The optimal extraction temperatures for acetylgenistin (AG), genistin (G), and genistein (GE) were 120℃, 150℃, and 180℃, respectively. A larger sum of the numbers of both hydroxyl groups and oxygen molecules was associated with a lower melting point and optimal extraction temperature. Kinetics modeling of reaction rate constant k and activation energy Ea showed that all of the reaction rates tended to increase with temperature, with the relationship fitted well by a first-order model in nonlinear regression. For temperatures between 100℃ and 150℃, AG → G and AG → GE conversions showed the highest rate constants, but G → GE and G → D3 (degraded G) conversions became dominant at 180℃. Chemical compounds studied in this article: genistein (PubChem CID: 5280961), genistin (PubChem CID: 5281377), 6″-O-malonylgenistin (PubChem CID: 15934091), 6″-O-acetylgenistin (PubChem CID: 5315831).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hye An
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si 17579, South Korea.
| | - Myong-Soo Chung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
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4
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Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
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Setchell KDR, Mourvaki E, Clerici C, Mattioli S, Brecchia G, Castellini C. Dietary Isoflavone Aglycons from Soy Germ Pasta Improves Reproductive Performance of Aging Hens and Lowers Cholesterol Levels of Egg Yolk. Metabolites 2022; 12:1112. [PMID: 36422252 PMCID: PMC9693069 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared dietary isoflavone aglycones with the glycoside conjugates in a novel model of postmenopausal status, the aging domestic hen (Gallus gallus domesticus), to determine the effects on reproductive performance, cholesterol levels, and nutritional quality of eggs laid. Hens, 18 mo old, were randomized into four groups (n = 10/group) and fed for 28 d a conventional poultry corn/soymeal diet (Control), or diets supplemented with isoflavone glycosides from soy germ (diet A), isoflavone aglycons from a soy germ pasta (diet B), or conventional pasta lacking isoflavones (diet C). The egg-laying rate was recorded daily, plasma isoflavones and cholesterol were measured, and the nutritional composition of the eggs was determined. Egg-laying declined over a 4-week period in hens in the Control group and those fed isoflavone glycosides (diets A and C), whereas hens fed isoflavone aglycons (diet B) significantly increased their egg-laying efficiency. The total egg count and egg yield were significantly higher in hens fed isoflavone aglycons, and their plasma cholesterol concentrations were lower and the eggs laid had a 30% lower yolk cholesterol content. None of these effects were observed with diets containing similar levels of isoflavone glycosides. These studies recapitulate the clinical effects of soy germ pasta enriched with isoflavone aglycons and lend support to the greater efficacy of a diet rich in isoflavone aglycons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. R. Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Evangelia Mourvaki
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Clerici
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy
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Wang C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Lee YK, Zhai Q, Chen W. Roles of intestinal bacteroides in human health and diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3518-3536. [PMID: 32757948 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1802695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides, an abundant genus in the intestines of mammals, has been recently considered as the next generation probiotics (NGP) candidate due to its potential role in promoting host health. However, the role of Bacteroides in the development of intestinal dysfunctions such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer should not be overlooked. In the present study, we focused on nine most widely occurred and abundant Bacteroides species and discussed their roles in host immunity, glucose and lipid metabolism and the prevention or induction of diseases. Besides, we also discussed the current methods used in the safety evaluation of Bacteroides species and key opinions about the concerns of these strains for the future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Research Institute, Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine, Wuxi, China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
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The effect of soy isoflavones on arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:603-614. [PMID: 32529287 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Some but not all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of soy isoflavones showed their beneficial effect on arterial stiffness, a predictor of cardiovascular events, dementia, and all-cause mortality, independent of traditional risk factors. To test the hypothesis that supplementation of soy isoflavones reduces arterial stiffness, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs of soy isoflavones on arterial stiffness. METHODS The protocol of this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019126128) and written in accordance with PRISMA. The PubMed, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched using the following criteria: human subjects, soy isoflavones as intervention, and arterial stiffness as primary outcome. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool estimates across studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to synthesize quantitative results. RESULTS Among 998 articles retrieved, 8 articles met our criteria. Duration of intervention was relatively short (maximum of 12 weeks). Outcome measurements extracted were pulse wave velocity (PWV), systemic arterial compliance (SAC), augmentation index (AI), and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Soy isoflavones reduced arterial stiffness compared to placebo (standardized mean difference - 0.33, 95% confidence interval - 0.47, - 0.19). Subgroup analyses showed no difference between treatment effects for intervention duration (< 6 weeks vs. ≥ 6 weeks) or gender (women only vs. men only vs. combined). Sensitivity analysis showed no difference in the effect of soy isoflavones between PWV, CAVI, SAC, and AI. CONCLUSION Supplementation of soy isoflavones reduced arterial stiffness. Longer duration trials with larger number of participants are warranted.
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Lu R, Zheng Z, Yin Y, Jiang Z. Effect of Genistein on Cholesterol Metabolism-Related Genes in HepG2 Cell. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2330-2336. [PMID: 31313321 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that genistein could improve metabolic syndromes. Our study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of genistein on improving cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cell. HepG2 cells were cultured with 0, 0.01, 1.00, 10.00, and 50.00 µM genistein for 24 hr. The current results showed a dose-dependent manner between genistein and intracellular contents of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and cellular apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) secretion. TC was increased by 25.69%, meanwhile HDL-C and Apo-A1 were decreased by 56.00% and 25.93%, respectively, when the dosage of genistein was 1.00 µM. Genistein dose-dependently upregulated the protein and mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding proteins-2 (SREBP-2), as well as the mRNA levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), by 145.91%, 72.29%, 310.23%, and 123.08%, respectively, when we gave 1.00 µM genistein, indicating that intracellular cholesterol synthesis and absorption of exogenous cholesterol were increased. In addition, the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and liver X receptor (LXRα), lowered by 58.23% and 34.86% at 0.01 µM genistein, were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. LXRα and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein levels were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 50.35% and 11.60% at 1.00 µM genistein, which indicated that cellular cholesterol efflux was inhibited. Taken together, our results suggested that genistein at dosage of more than 1.00 µM was able to increase the intracellular cholesterol levels by up regulating SREBP-2/LDLR/HMGCR pathway and suppressing PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1 pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, genistein appeared to be effective in reducing plasma cholesterol levels due to increase the intracellular cholesterol levels by upregulating cholesterol absorption through SREBP-2/LDLR/HMGCR pathway, and also downregulating cholesterol efflux via PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1 pathway in vitro. In addition, plasma cholesterol is regarded as the key indicator of atherosclerosis; therefore, we believe that our findings could be used for further exploration on a possible therapeutic application of genistein for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Lu
- Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510605, China
| | - Zicong Zheng
- Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510605, China
| | - Yimin Yin
- Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510605, China
| | - Zhuoqin Jiang
- Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510605, China
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Asano M, Kushida M, Yamamoto K, Tomata Y, Tsuji I, Tsuduki T. Abdominal Fat in Individuals with Overweight Reduced by Consumption of a 1975 Japanese Diet: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:899-907. [PMID: 30985996 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether the intake of the 1975 Japanese diet (JD) could reduce the amount of abdominal fat in people with overweight. METHODS Using a single-blind randomized controlled trial, the modern diet (MD) was compared with the 1975-type JD, which is based on the MD but includes five characteristics of the 1975 JD in an enhanced form. Overweight people were randomly assigned to an MD group (n = 30) and a JD group (n = 30). The participants consumed test diets that were provided three times a day for 28 days. Body composition measurements and blood biochemical examinations were performed before and after the test diet intake, and the proportions of change were compared. RESULTS Those in the JD group had significantly decreased BMI, fat mass, and levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, and C-reactive protein (P = 0.002, 0.015, 0.014, 0.012, and 0.039, respectively) and significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with those in the MD group (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS The intake of a diet with the characteristics of the 1975 JD may have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in people with overweight and reduce the onset risk of metabolism-related disorders, such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Asano
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kushida
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazushi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics & Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics & Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Jana L, Maity PP, Perveen H, Dash M, Jana S, Dey A, De SK, Chattopadhyay S. Attenuation of utero-toxicity, metabolic dysfunction and inflammation by soy protein concentrate in rats exposed to fluoridated water: consequence of hyperlipidemia in parallel with hypohomocysteinemia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36462-36473. [PMID: 30374712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation and ROS generation are the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity, and its detrimental effects on human reproduction are noted drastically. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the defensive effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced uterine dysfunction at biochemical and histological level. Rats were randomly distributed into four groups as control, NaF-treated (200 ppm), and SPC co-administered groups (20 mg and 40 mg/ 100 g body weight) for 16 days. SPC reversed the toxic effects of NaF. SPC significantly ameliorated the NaF-induced alterations of the antioxidant system in the uterus by decreasing lipid peroxidation products and by increasing antioxidant activities. SPC significantly counteracted the adverse effects of NaF on serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Our results also explored that lipid profile was meaningfully altered due to NaF and also focused a diminution of circulating homocysteine (Hcy) and altered lipid profiles along with a diminished quantity of serum B12 and B9. However, both the doses of SPC reverted back serum levels of B12, B9, and Hcy status in similar fashion along with its corrective action on lipid profile. NaF-treated group exhibited a marked degree of reduction in the weights of ovary and uterus with an alteration of normal tissue histology and significant diminution in serum estradiol (ES) levels without fluctuating uterine estradiol receptor-α (ER-α). However, SPC restored the normal tissue histoarchitecture and also increased the functional efficiency and expression of the ER-α receptor by overturning the ES levels in NaF-treated rats. Moreover, both the doses of SPC were effective against NaF-induced alterations, although 40 mg SPC/100 g body weight had better efficacy in ameliorating the NaF-induced adverse effects on the uterus and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipirani Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Pikash Pratim Maity
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Hasina Perveen
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Moumita Dash
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Suryashis Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Arindam Dey
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Subrata Kumar De
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
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Hanpaibool C, Chakcharoensap T, Arifin, Hijikata Y, Irle S, Wolschann P, Kungwan N, Pongsawasdi P, Ounjai P, Rungrotmongkol T. Theoretical analysis of orientations and tautomerization of genistein in β-cyclodextrin. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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The inclusion complexation of daidzein with β-cyclodextrin and 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin: a theoretical and experimental study. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ajdžanovic VZ, Trifunovic S, Miljic D, Šošic-Jurjevic B, Filipovic B, Miler M, Ristic N, Manojlovic-Stojanoski M, Miloševic V. Somatopause, weaknesses of the therapeutic approaches and the cautious optimism based on experimental ageing studies with soy isoflavones. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:279-301. [PMID: 29743865 PMCID: PMC5938552 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathological phenomenon of somatopause, noticeable in hypogonadal ageing subjects, is based on the growth hormone (GH) production and secretion decrease along with the fall in GH binding protein and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, causing different musculoskeletal, metabolic and mental issues. From the perspective of safety and efficacy, GH treatment is considered to be highly controversial, while some other therapeutic approaches (application of IGF-1, GH secretagogues, gonadal steroids, cholinesterase-inhibitors or various combinations) exhibit more or less pronounced weaknesses in this respect. Soy isoflavones, phytochemicals that have already demonstrated the health benefits in treated elderly, at least experimentally reveal their potential for the somatopausal symptoms remediation. Namely, genistein enhanced GHRH-stimulated cAMP accumulation and GH release in rat anterior pituitary cells; refreshed and stimulated the somatotropic system (hypothalamic nuclei and pituitary GH cells) function in a rat model of the mild andropause, and stimulated the GH output in ovariectomized ewes as well as the amplitude of GH pulses in the rams. Daidzein, on the other hand, increased body mass, trabecular bone mass and decreased bone turnover in the animal model of severe andropause, while both isoflavones demonstrated blood cholesterol-lowering effect in the same model. These data, which necessarily need to be preclinically and clinically filtered, hint some cautious optimism and call for further innovative designing of balanced soy isoflavone-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Z Ajdžanovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Miljic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošic-Jurjevic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Manojlovic-Stojanoski
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Miloševic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
This review summarizes the 2016 NAMS/Pfizer-Wulf H. Utian Endowed Lecture that focused on the history and basic science of soy isoflavones. Described is a personal perspective of the background and history that led to the current interest in soy and isoflavones with a specific focus on the role that soy isoflavones play in the health of postmenopausal women. This overview covers the metabolism and physiological behavior of isoflavones, their biological properties that are of potential relevance to aging, issues related to the safety of soy isoflavones, and the role of the important intestinally derived metabolite S-(-)equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Flavonoids and Their Metabolites: Prevention in Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes. Diseases 2017; 5:diseases5030019. [PMID: 32962323 PMCID: PMC5622335 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of atherosclerosis and diabetes is expanding rapidly worldwide. These two metabolic disorders often co-occur, and are part of what is often referred to as the metabolic syndrome. In order to determine future therapies, we propose that molecular mechanisms should be investigated. Once the aetiology of the metabolic syndrome is clear, a nutritional intervention should be assessed. Here we focus on the protective effects of some dietary flavonoids, and their metabolites. Further studies may also pave the way for development of novel drug candidates.
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Ramdath DD, Padhi EMT, Sarfaraz S, Renwick S, Duncan AM. Beyond the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Soy Protein: A Review of the Effects of Dietary Soy and Its Constituents on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:E324. [PMID: 28338639 PMCID: PMC5409663 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypocholesterolemic effect of soy is well-documented and this has led to the regulatory approval of a health claim relating soy protein to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, soybeans contain additional components, such as isoflavones, lecithins, saponins and fiber that may improve cardiovascular health through independent mechanisms. This review summarizes the evidence on the cardiovascular benefits of non-protein soy components in relation to known CVD risk factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and obesity beyond cholesterol lowering. Overall, the available evidence suggests non-protein soy constituents improve markers of cardiovascular health; however, additional carefully designed studies are required to independently elucidate these effects. Further, work is also needed to clarify the role of isoflavone-metabolizing phenotype and gut microbiota composition on biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dan Ramdath
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Emily M T Padhi
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Sidra Sarfaraz
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Simone Renwick
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2E1, Canada.
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Pirro M, Vetrani C, Bianchi C, Mannarino MR, Bernini F, Rivellese AA. Joint position statement on "Nutraceuticals for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia" of the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID) and of the Italian Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis (SISA). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:2-17. [PMID: 27956024 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Evidence showed that LDL-cholesterol lowering is associated with a significant cardiovascular risk reduction. The initial therapeutic approach to hypercholesterolemia includes dietary modifications but the compliance to recommendations is often inadequate. Some dietary components with potential cholesterol-lowering activity are present in small amounts in food. Therefore, in recent years the use of "nutraceuticals" (i.e., nutrients and/or bioactive compounds with potential beneficial effects on human health) has become widespread. Such substances may be added to foods and beverages, or taken as dietary supplements (liquid preparations, tablets, capsules). In the present manuscript, the cholesterol-lowering activity of some nutraceuticals (i.e. fiber, phytosterols, soy, policosanol, red yeast rice and berberine) will be discussed along with: 1) the level of evidence on the cholesterol-lowering efficacy emerging from clinical trial; 2) the possible side effects associated with their use; 3) the categories of patients who could benefit from their use. DATA SYNTHESIS Based on the current literature, the cholesterol-lowering effect of fiber, phytosterols and red yeast rice is consistent and supported by a good level of evidence. Over berberine, there is sufficient evidence showing significant cholesterol-lowering effects, although the results come from studies carried out almost exclusively in Asian populations. Data on the effects of soy are conflicting and, therefore, the strength of recommendation is quite low. The evidence on policosanol is inconclusive. CONCLUSION Although health benefits may arise from the use of nutraceuticals with cholesterol-lowering activity, their use might be also associated with possible risks and pitfalls, some of which are common to all nutraceuticals whereas others are related to specific nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Italian Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis (SISA), Italy
| | - C Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy; Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italy
| | - C Bianchi
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italy; Unit of Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Area "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana", Pisa, Italy
| | - M R Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Italian Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis (SISA), Italy
| | - F Bernini
- Italian Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis (SISA), Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy; Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italy.
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Gonciulea AR, Sellmeyer DE. The effect of dietary protein source on serum lipids: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 11:46-54. [PMID: 28391910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets can lower serum lipids. Whether soy foods offer additional benefits remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of different protein sources on serum lipids and glucose metabolism, emphasizing comparisons between soy and nonsoy plant-based diets. METHODS Secondary data analysis. A total of 173 postmenopausal women were randomized to 1 of 4 weighed metabolic diets for 6 weeks. Diets were equivalent in energy, protein, and fat with at least 80% of protein from either nondairy animal, dairy, nonsoy plant, or soy foods. At baseline and week 6, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, glucose, and insulin were measured. Changes in variables during the diet period were compared within and among groups using t tests and analysis of variance. RESULTS TC decreased 38.8 mg/dL in soy group (P < .001 vs dairy and animal) and 30.5 mg/dL in nonsoy plant group (P = .003 vs dairy, .03 vs animal). LDL decreased 28.3 mg/dL in soy group (P < .001 vs dairy and animal) and 20.6 mg/dL in nonsoy plant group (P = .005 vs dairy, .06 vs animal). HDL decreased 12 mg/dL in soy group (P = .003 vs dairy, .0008 vs animal) and 10 mg/dL in nonsoy plant group (P = .05 vs dairy, .04 vs animal). There were no significant differences in lipid changes between soy and nonsoy plant-based diets. No differences among groups in changes in triglycerides, glucose, or insulin were seen. CONCLUSIONS Soy and nonsoy plant-based diets reduced TC and LDL with no significant difference between them. Further studies are needed to determine the specific lipid-lowering components of both soy and nonsoy plant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda R Gonciulea
- Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah E Sellmeyer
- Division of Endocrinology, The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Meng S, He J, Zhao T, Xing G, Li Y, Yang S, Lu J, Wang Y, Gai J. Detecting the QTL-allele system of seed isoflavone content in Chinese soybean landrace population for optimal cross design and gene system exploration. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:1557-76. [PMID: 27189002 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Utilizing an innovative GWAS in CSLRP, 44 QTL 199 alleles with 72.2 % contribution to SIFC variation were detected and organized into a QTL-allele matrix for cross design and gene annotation. The seed isoflavone content (SIFC) of soybeans is of great importance to health care. The Chinese soybean landrace population (CSLRP) as a genetic reservoir was studied for its whole-genome quantitative trait loci (QTL) system of the SIFC using an innovative restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association study procedure (RTM-GWAS). A sample of 366 landraces was tested under four environments and sequenced using RAD-seq (restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing) technique to obtain 116,769 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) then organized into 29,119 SNP linkage disequilibrium blocks (SNPLDBs) for GWAS. The detected 44 QTL 199 alleles on 16 chromosomes (explaining 72.2 % of the total phenotypic variation) with the allele effects (92 positive and 107 negative) of the CSLRP were organized into a QTL-allele matrix showing the SIFC population genetic structure. Additional differentiation among eco-regions due to the SIFC in addition to that of genome-wide markers was found. All accessions comprised both positive and negative alleles, implying a great potential for recombination within the population. The optimal crosses were predicted from the matrices, showing transgressive potentials in the CSLRP. From the detected QTL system, 55 candidate genes related to 11 biological processes were χ (2)-tested as an SIFC candidate gene system. The present study explored the genome-wide SIFC QTL/gene system with the innovative RTM-GWAS and found the potentials of the QTL-allele matrix in optimal cross design and population genetic and genomic studies, which may have provided a solution to match the breeding by design strategy at both QTL and gene levels in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Meng
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouping Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangjie Lu
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyi Gai
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Probiotic Soy Product Supplemented with Isoflavones Improves the Lipid Profile of Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010052. [PMID: 26797632 PMCID: PMC4728664 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Several studies have demonstrated that specific probiotics affect the host’s metabolism and may influence the cardiovascular disease risk. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of an isoflavone-supplemented soy product fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus 416 on cardiovascular risk markers in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Design: Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial Setting: São Paulo State University in Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Participants: 49 male healthy men with total cholesterol (TC) >5.17 mmol/L and <6.21 mmol/L Intervention: The volunteers have consumed 200 mL of the probiotic soy product (group SP-1010 CFU/day), isoflavone-supplemented probiotic soy product (group ISP–probiotic plus 50 mg of total isoflavones/100 g) or unfermented soy product (group USP-placebo) for 42 days in a randomized, double-blind study. Main outcome measures: Lipid profile and additional cardiovascular biomarkers were analyzed on days 0, 30 and 42. Urine samples (24 h) were collected at baseline and at the end of the experiment so as to determine the isoflavones profile. Results: After 42 days, the ISP consumption led to improved total cholesterol, non-HDL-C (LDL + IDL + VLDL cholesterol fractions) and electronegative LDL concentrations (reduction of 13.8%, 14.7% and 24.2%, respectively, p < 0.05). The ISP and SP have prevented the reduction of HDL-C level after 42 days. The C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were not improved. The equol production by the ISP group subjects was inversely correlated with electronegative LDL concentration. Conclusions: The results suggest that a regular consumption of this probiotic soy product, supplemented with isoflavones, could contribute to reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in moderately hypercholesterolemic men, through the an improvement in lipid profile and antioxidant properties.
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Padhi EM, Blewett HJ, Duncan AM, Guzman RP, Hawke A, Seetharaman K, Tsao R, Wolever TM, Ramdath DD. Whole Soy Flour Incorporated into a Muffin and Consumed at 2 Doses of Soy Protein Does Not Lower LDL Cholesterol in a Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial of Hypercholesterolemic Adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:2665-74. [PMID: 26446482 PMCID: PMC4656908 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.219873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy protein may reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk by lowering LDL cholesterol, but few studies have assessed whether whole soy flour displays a similar effect. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the dose effect of whole soy flour incorporated into muffins on plasma LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults. METHODS Adults aged 30-70 y (n = 243) with elevated LDL cholesterol (≥3.0 and ≤5.0 mmol/L) were stratified by LDL cholesterol and randomly assigned to consume 2 soy muffins containing 25 g soy protein [high-dose soy (HDS)], 1 soy and 1 wheat muffin containing 12.5 g soy protein and 12.5 g whey protein [low-dose soy (LDS)], or 2 wheat muffins containing 25 g whey protein (control) daily for 6 wk while consuming a self-selected diet. Fasting blood samples were collected at weeks 0, 3, and 6 for analysis of plasma lipids [total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs)], glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and isoflavones. Blood pressures also were measured. Dietary intake was assessed at weeks 0 and 4 with the use of 3 d food records. Treatment effects were assessed with the use of intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation and LDL cholesterol as the primary outcome. RESULTS In total, 213 (87.6%) participants completed the trial. Participants were primarily Caucasian (83%) and mostly female (63%), with a mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m2) of 28.0 ± 4.6 and systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 122 ± 16 and 77 ± 11 mm Hg, respectively. Despite a dose-dependent increase in plasma isoflavones (P < 0.001), neither HDS nor LDS had a significant effect on LDL cholesterol compared with control (mean ± SEM changes: control, -0.04 ± 0.05 mmol/L; HDS, 0.01 ± 0.05 mmol/L; and LDS, -0.04 ± 0.06 mmol/L). There were no significant treatment effects on total or HDL cholesterol, TGs, CRP, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, blood pressure, or the Framingham 10-y CHD risk score. CONCLUSION Consuming 12.5 or 25 g protein from defatted soy flour incorporated into muffins does not reduce LDL cholesterol or other CHD risk factors in hypercholesterolemic adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01547585.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mt Padhi
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Heather J Blewett
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Randolph P Guzman
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Aileen Hawke
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | | | - D Dan Ramdath
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada;
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Jamilian M, Asemi Z. The Effect of Soy Intake on Metabolic Profiles of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4654-61. [PMID: 26505826 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT To our knowledge, no study has examined the effects of soy intake on metabolic status of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the effects of soy intake on metabolic status of GDM women. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was performed among 68 women with GDM. Women were randomly assigned to receive either a control diet containing 0.8-g/kg protein (70% animal and 30% plant proteins) (n = 34) or a soy diet containing the same amount of protein with 35% animal protein, 35% soy protein, and 30% other plant proteins (n = 34) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Compared with soy protein consumption, the control group significantly increased fasting plasma glucose (+1.4 ± 11.6 vs -12.7 ± 13.2 mg/dL, P < .001), serum insulin levels (+5.0 ± 11.6 vs -0.9 ± 10.0 μIU/mL, P = .02), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (+1.2 ± 2.7 vs -0.8 ± 2.2, P = .002), and decreased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (-0.007 ± 0.02 vs +0.01 ± 0.03, P = .004). Administration of the control diet resulted in a significant difference in serum triglycerides changes (+31.3 ± 38.0 vs +8.9 ± 46.1 mg/dL, P = .03) compared with soy protein. There were a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (-35.0 ± 136.2 vs +81.8 ± 188.8 mmol/L, P = .005) and glutathione (-41.3 ± 145.7 vs +53.3 ± 117.3 μmol/L, P = .004) by the control diet intake compared with soy protein. The control diet group had a higher incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia (32.4% vs 8.8%, P = .01) and newborn hospitalization (20.6% vs 2.9%, P = .02) compared with soy protein. CONCLUSION Soy protein consumption in women with GDM significantly improved the glucose homeostasis parameters, triglycerides, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, as well as reductions in the incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia and hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Jamilian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (M.J.), School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 38196; and Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases (Z.A.), Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 87159
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (M.J.), School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 38196; and Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases (Z.A.), Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 87159
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Nie Q, Xing M, Hu J, Hu X, Nie S, Xie M. Metabolism and health effects of phyto-estrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2432-2454. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1077194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengmeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang, CN, Nanchang, China
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Rosa CDOB, Dos Santos CA, Leite JIA, Caldas APS, Bressan J. Impact of nutrients and food components on dyslipidemias: what is the evidence? Adv Nutr 2015; 6:703-11. [PMID: 26567195 PMCID: PMC4642424 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemias have been shown to bear a close association with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis in particular. As efforts are being made to find alternative therapies and ways to prevent disease, there is a corresponding rise in public interest in food and/or active food components that contribute to an improved lipid profile and, thus, to better health. Besides supplying the basic nutrients necessary for well-being, some foods add further physiologic benefits. In fact, specific foods and bioactive components could be beneficial in controlling dyslipidemias. From a review of the literature on foods and bioactive compounds, their recommended quantities, and expected effects, we found that the following nutrients and food components could positively impact the lipid profile: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, soluble fiber, vegetable proteins, phytosterols, and polyphenols. Therefore, incorporating these components into the regular diets of individuals is justified, because they contribute additional positive effects. This suggests that they also be recommended in clinical practice.
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Kobayashi M, Egusa S, Fukuda M. Isoflavone and protein constituents of lactic acid-fermented soy milk combine to prevent dyslipidemia in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Nutrients 2014; 6:5704-23. [PMID: 25514389 PMCID: PMC4276993 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A high cholesterol diet induces dyslipidemia. This study investigated whether isoflavone aglycones in lactic acid-fermented soy milk (LFS) improve lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven weeks were fed an AIN-93G diet, a 1% cholesterol diet (a high cholesterol diet), a high-cholesterol diet containing 4% isoflavone extract of LFS (LFS extract diet), a high-cholesterol diet containing 19.4% ethanol-washed LFS (ethanol-washed LFS diet, isoflavone-poor diet), or a high cholesterol diet containing 23.2% intact LFS (intact LFS diet) for five weeks. The plasma total cholesterol (TC) level was increased in the rats fed the LFS extract diet compared with those fed the high cholesterol diet. The TC level was decreased by the intact LFS and ethanol-washed LFS diets. The cholesterol-lowering effect was stronger in the rats fed the intact LFS diet than those fed the ethanol-washed LFS diet. The plasma triglyceride (TG) level was unchanged in the rats fed the LFS extract diet, but it decreased in rats fed the intact LFS and ethanol-washed LFS diets. Although, compared with the high cholesterol diet, the LFS extract and ethanol-washed LFS diets did not reduce hepatic cholesterol and TG, both levels were remarkably lowered by the intact LFS diet. These results suggest that the improvement in lipid metabolism of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet containing LFS isoflavone aglycones is not due to an independent effect but due to a cooperative effect with soy protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kobayashi
- Department of Nutritional Management, School of Health Sciences, Hyogo University, 2301 Hiraoka-cho shinzaike, Kakogawa, Hyogo 675-0195, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Egusa
- Research and Development Division, MARUSAN-AI Co., Ltd., 1 Aza-Arashita, Nikki-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-2193, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Fukuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan.
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Shi L, Ryan HH, Jones E, Moore Simas TA, Lichtenstein AH, Sun Q, Hayman LL. Urinary isoflavone concentrations are inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant U.S. women. J Nutr 2014; 144:344-51. [PMID: 24381220 PMCID: PMC4083231 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.184069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence suggests that phytoestrogens, such as soy-derived isoflavones, may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health and glycemic control. These data are mainly limited to postmenopausal women or individuals at elevated cardiometabolic risk. There is a lack of data for pregnant women who have elevated estrogen levels and physiologically altered glucose and lipid metabolism. We analyzed data from 299 pregnant women who participated in the NHANES 2001-2008 surveys. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between urinary concentrations of isoflavonoids and cardiometabolic risk markers, adjusted for body mass index, pregnancy trimester, total energy intake, dietary intake of protein, fiber, and cholesterol, and demographic and lifestyle factors. Cardiometabolic risk markers were log-transformed, and geometric means were calculated by quartiles of urinary concentrations of isoflavonoids. Comparing women in the highest vs. lowest quartiles of urine total isoflavone concentrations, we observed significant, inverse associations with circulating concentrations of fasting glucose (79 vs. 88 mg/dL, P-trend = 0.0009), insulin (8.2 vs. 12.8 μU/mL, P-trend = 0.03), and triglyceride (156 vs. 185 mg/dL, P-trend = 0.02), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (1.6 vs. 2.8, P-trend = 0.01), but not for total, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The concentrations of individual isoflavonoids, daidzein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin were inversely associated with some cardiometabolic risk markers, although no clear pattern emerged. These data suggest that there may be a relation between isoflavone intake and cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shi
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | | | - Emily Jones
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
| | - Tiffany A. Moore Simas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA; and,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Laura L. Hayman
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA
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Chen G, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang ST. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in the Management of Hyperlipidemia. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:1180-201. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.629354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Teramoto T, Sasaki J, Ishibashi S, Birou S, Daida H, Dohi S, Egusa G, Hiro T, Hirobe K, Iida M, Kihara S, Kinoshita M, Maruyama C, Ohta T, Okamura T, Yamashita S, Yokode M, Yokote K. Treatment A) lifestyle modification: executive summary of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society(JAS) guidelines for the diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Japan--2012 version. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:835-49. [PMID: 24172256 DOI: 10.5551/jat.18820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is one of the most vibrant and widely prevailing health concerns worldwide. It is characterized by several metabolic abnormalities, which involve obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, enhanced oxidative stress; hypertension and increased pro-inflammatory state that ultimate contribute towards poor health. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Pakistan according to different definitions is reported to be from 18 % to 46 %. Fifty percent of Pakistani population is at high risk of metabolic syndrome as being hypertensive. In studying dyslipidemia in Pakistan, hypertriglyceridemia is found in 27-54 % of the population, whereas 68-81 % has low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Population likes to eat healthier diet without changing their fundamental dietary pattern. Nutrition science has moved on from the classical concepts of avoiding nutrient deficiencies and basic nutritional adequacy to the concept of positive or optimal nutrition. Many traditional food products including fruits, vegetables, flaxseed, oat, barley, whole grains, soy and milk have been found to contain component with potential health benefits. Nowadays, functional foods are used in the prevention and amelioration of several chronic diseases, such as the metabolic syndrome. The relation of the consumption of certain functional foods and the improvement in health status is regulated through health claims. This review focuses on the different features of the metabolic syndrome and the influence of functional foods on these aspects, involving dyslipidemia, improvement of insulin sensitivity, serum lipid profile, antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory status and weight management of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Issa Khan
- National institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
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Qin Y, Niu K, Zeng Y, Liu P, Yi L, Zhang T, Zhang QY, Zhu JD, Mi MT. Isoflavones for hypercholesterolaemia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD009518. [PMID: 23744562 PMCID: PMC10163823 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009518.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolaemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Isoflavones may be effective in improving hypercholesterolaemia. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of isoflavones for hypercholesterolaemia. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases: The Cochrane Library (Issue 9, 2012), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese BioMedical Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (all to September 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA We considered randomized controlled clinical trials in hypercholesterolaemic participants comparing isoflavones versus placebo, or soy isolated protein added with isoflavones versus soy isolated protein alone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently abstracted relevant population and intervention characteristics. We resolved any disagreements through discussion, or if required by a third party. We assessed the risk of bias of trials against key criteria: random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessment, incomplete outcome data, selective reporting and other sources of bias. MAIN RESULTS We included five randomized trials (208 participants, 104 in the intervention group and 104 in the control group). Interventions ranged from three to six months. Four trials reported results in non-Asian populations published in English. One trial reported results in Chinese people published in Chinese. Overall, the risk of bias of included trials was high or unclear. There were no outcome data on death from any cause, morbidity, complications, health-related quality of life and costs. Two trials reported adverse effects, including gastrointestinal discomfort (bloating and constipation) and an increased number of hot flushes. None of the trials found serious adverse events. There was a slight significant effect on triglycerides in favour of isoflavones when compared with placebo (mean difference (MD) -0.46 mmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.84 to -0.09; P = 0.02; 52 participants; 2 trials). No statistically significant effects on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were shown in favour of isoflavones. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence for effects of isoflavones on patient-important outcomes or lowering of cholesterol levels in people with hypercholesterolaemia. Our findings have to be interpreted with caution due to high or unclear risk of bias in several risk of bias domains, and low number of participants in trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Nutrition, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2-heptyl-formononetin increases cholesterol and induces hepatic steatosis in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:926942. [PMID: 23738334 PMCID: PMC3657407 DOI: 10.1155/2013/926942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of isoflavones may prevent adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidaemia. However, studies in the area are few and primarily with genistein. This study investigated the effects of formononetin and its synthetic analogue, 2-heptyl-formononetin (C7F), on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet for five weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia and were then fed either the cholesterol-enriched diet or the cholesterol-enriched diet-supplemented formononetin or C7F for three weeks. Body weight and composition, glucose homeostasis, and plasma lipids were compared. In another experiment, mice were fed the above diets for five weeks, and hepatic triglyceride accumulation and gene expression and histology of adipose tissue and liver were examined. Supplementation with C7F increased plasma HDL-cholesterol thereby increasing the plasma level of total cholesterol. Supplementation with formononetin did not affect plasma cholesterol but increased plasma triglycerides levels. Supplementation with formononetin and C7F induced hepatic steatosis. However, formononetin decreased markers of inflammation and liver injury. The development of hepatic steatosis was associated with deregulated expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. In conclusion, supplementation with formononetin and C7F to a cholesterol-enriched diet adversely affected lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.
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Is category ‘A’ status assigned to soy protein and coronary heart disease risk reduction health claim by the United States Food and Drug Administration still justifiable? Trends Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Dabhade P, Kotwal S. Tackling the aging process with bio-molecules: a possible role for caloric restriction, food-derived nutrients, vitamins, amino acids, peptides, and minerals. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2013; 32:24-40. [PMID: 23451844 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2012.753777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process leading to general deterioration in many tissues and organs, accompanied by an increased incidence and severity of a wide variety of chronic, incurable, and often fatal diseases. A possibility of slowing down the aging process and improving the quality of life in old age by nutritional intervention has renewed the interest of the scientific world in anti-aging therapies. These include potential dietary interventions, adherence to nutrition, hormonal and cell-based therapies, genetic manipulations, and anti-aging supplements or nutrients. This review addresses strategies to slow the aging process by caloric restriction and the use of nutritional supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Dabhade
- University Department of Biochemistry, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
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Yoshiara LY, Madeira TB, Delaroza F, da Silva JB, Ida EI. Optimization of soy isoflavone extraction with different solvents using the simplex-centroid mixture design. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:978-86. [PMID: 22621769 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.690026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of different isoflavone forms (glycosidic, malonyl-glycosidic, aglycone and total) from defatted cotyledon soy flour using the simplex-centroid experimental design with four solvents of varying polarity (water, acetone, ethanol and acetonitrile). The obtained extracts were then analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The profile of the different soy isoflavones forms varied with different extractions solvents. Varying the solvent or mixture used, the extraction of different isoflavones was optimized using the centroid-simplex mixture design. The special cubic model best fitted to the four solvents and its combination for soy isoflavones extraction. For glycosidic isoflavones extraction, the polar ternary mixture (water, acetone and acetonitrile) achieved the best extraction; malonyl-glycosidic forms were better extracted with mixtures of water, acetone and ethanol. Aglycone isoflavones, water and acetone mixture were best extracted and total isoflavones, the best solvents were ternary mixture of water, acetone and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Yuri Yoshiara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Abstract
Reducing elevated LDL-cholesterol is a key public health challenge. There is substantial evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) that a number of foods and food components can significantly reduce LDL-cholesterol. Data from RCT have been reviewed to determine whether effects are additive when two or more of these components are consumed together. Typically components, such as plant stanols and sterols, soya protein, β-glucans and tree nuts, when consumed individually at their target rate, reduce LDL-cholesterol by 3-9 %. Improved dietary fat quality, achieved by replacing SFA with unsaturated fat, reduces LDL-cholesterol and can increase HDL-cholesterol, further improving blood lipid profile. It appears that the effect of combining these interventions is largely additive; however, compliance with multiple changes may reduce over time. Food combinations used in ten 'portfolio diet' studies have been reviewed. In clinical efficacy studies of about 1 month where all foods were provided, LDL-cholesterol is reduced by 22-30 %, whereas in community-based studies of >6 months' duration, where dietary advice is the basis of the intervention, reduction in LDL-cholesterol is about 15 %. Inclusion of MUFA into 'portfolio diets' increases HDL-cholesterol, in addition to LDL-cholesterol effects. Compliance with some of these dietary changes can be achieved more easily compared with others. By careful food component selection, appropriate to the individual, the effect of including only two components in the diet with good compliance could be a sustainable 10 % reduction in LDL-cholesterol; this is sufficient to make a substantial impact on cholesterol management and reduce the need for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Hagen MK, Ludke A, Araujo AS, Mendes RH, Fernandes TG, Mandarino JMG, Llesuy S, Vogt de Jong E, Belló-Klein A. Antioxidant characterization of soy derived products in vitro and the effect of a soy diet on peripheral markers of oxidative stress in a heart disease model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1095-103. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed and compared the content of isoflavones in 2 soy products, the effectiveness of isoflavones as antioxidants, in vitro, and demonstrated the antioxidant effect of a soy diet in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Isoflavone content was analyzed in soybean hypocotyl (SH) and isolated soy protein (ISP). The quality (TAR) and quantity (TRAP) of antioxidants present in the samples was quantified. The amount of daidzin was higher in SH (9 times) and genistein in ISP (5 times). SH presented a 3-fold increase in TAR, while both products exhibited same TRAP. The rats were fed an ISP diet for 9 weeks. Animals were distributed among 6 treatment groups: (i) Sham Casein; (ii) Infarct Casein < 25%; (iii) Infarct Casein > 25%; (iv) Sham Soy; (v) Infarct Soy < 25%; and (vi) Infarct Soy > 25%. MI was induced 5 weeks after the commencement of the diets. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzyme activity, and levels of nitrites/nitrates were determined in blood. Rats receiving the ISP diet demonstrated increased activity of antioxidant enzyme activity and nitrite/nitrate content. In addition, the increase in LPO seen in rats subjected to MI was significantly mitigated when the ISP diet was given. These findings suggest a nutritional approach of using a soy-based diet for the prevention of oxidative-stress-related diseases such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Kienzle Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Ludke
- St. Boniface General Hospital Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Alex Sander Araujo
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberta Hack Mendes
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tânia Gatelli Fernandes
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Susana Llesuy
- Pharmacy and Biochemistry School, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 954–C1113AAD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erna Vogt de Jong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology,t Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Effect of soy isoflavones on circulating C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Menopause 2012; 18:1256-62. [PMID: 21712733 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31821bfa24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to examine the effect of soy isoflavones on circulating CRP concentrations in postmenopausal women by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. We performed a literature search using PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases in December 2010 for randomized controlled trials conducted in postmenopausal women, using soy foods with isoflavones or isoflavone extracts as treatment, and with a report of CRP change. A meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model to calculate the combined effect size. In addition, subgroup and metaregression analyses were carried out to examine the influences of study designs and participant characteristics on the effect estimates. A pooled analysis of 14 trials showed a slight, but not significant, reduction of 0.17 mg/L (95% CI, -0.38 to 0.04; P = 0.12) in CRP concentrations among postmenopausal women with soy isoflavone intervention compared with controls. No substantial heterogeneity was observed. Subgroup analyses showed that soy isoflavones significantly lowered CRP by 0.70 mg/L (95% CI, -1.17 to -0.23; P = 0.003) among women with baseline CRP concentrations greater than 2.2 mg/L. No significant changes in CRP were observed in the other subgroups. Metaregression analysis further revealed that baseline CRP was a potential effect modifier of isoflavone treatment in lowering CRP. The present meta-analysis found insufficient evidence that soy isoflavones significantly reduce CRP concentrations in postmenopausal women. However, soy isoflavones may produce a significant reduction in CRP among postmenopausal women with elevated CRP.
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Pérez Rovira A, Mach Casellas N. Efecto del consumo de soja en relación con los síntomas de la menopausia. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE NUTRICIÓN HUMANA Y DIETÉTICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-1292(12)70075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Crespillo A, Alonso M, Vida M, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, Rivera P, Romero-Zerbo Y, Fernández-Llebrez P, Martínez A, Pérez-Valero V, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, Suárez J, de Fonseca FR. Reduction of body weight, liver steatosis and expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 by the isoflavone daidzein in diet-induced obesity. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1899-915. [PMID: 21557739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The lack of safe and effective treatments for obesity has increased interest in natural products that may serve as alternative therapies. From this perspective, we have analysed the effects of daidzein, one of the main soy isoflavones, on diet-induced obesity in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats made obese after exposure to a very (60%) high fat-content diet were treated with daidzein (50 mg·kg(-1)) for 14 days. The dose was selected on the basis of the acute effects of this isoflavone on a feeding test. After 14 days, animals were killed and plasma, white and brown adipose tissue, muscle and liver studied for the levels and expression of metabolites, proteins and genes relevant to lipid metabolism. KEY RESULTS A single treatment (acute) with daidzein dose-dependently reduced food intake. Chronic treatment (daily for 14 days) reduced weight gain and fat content in liver, accompanied by high leptin and low adiponectin levels in plasma. While skeletal muscle was weakly affected by treatment, both adipose tissue and liver displayed marked changes after treatment with daidzein, affecting transcription factors and lipogenic enzymes, particularly stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1, a pivotal enzyme in obesity. Expression of uncoupling protein 1, an important enzyme for thermogenesis, was increased in brown adipose tissue after daidzein treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results support the use of isoflavones in diet-induced obesity, especially when hepatic steatosis is present and open a new field of use for these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Crespillo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Carlos Haya, Fundación IMABIS, Pabellón de Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to isolated soy protein and reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Cho SY, Jun HJ, Lee JH, Jia Y, Kim KH, Lee SJ. Linalool reduces the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase via sterol regulatory element binding protein-2- and ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3289-96. [PMID: 21944868 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated hypocholesterolemic mechanisms of linalool, an aromatic anti-oxidative monoterpene, which is abundant in teas and essential oils. Oral administration of linalool to mice for 6 weeks significantly lowered total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and HMG-CoA reductase protein expression (-46%; P<0.05) by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Linalool suppressed the gene expression of HMG-CoA reductase by reducing the binding of SREBP-2 to its promoter, as assessed by qPCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation, and by inducing ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of the HMG-CoA reductase. These findings suggest that food molecules with a pleasant scent could exert beneficial metabolic effects through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yun Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, The Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abete I, Goyenechea E, Zulet MA, Martínez JA. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: potential benefit from specific nutritional components. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21 Suppl 2:B1-B15. [PMID: 21764273 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) manifestations is rapidly increasing worldwide, and is becoming an important health problem. Actually, MetS includes a combination of clinical complications such as obesity (central adiposity), insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertension. All these alterations predispose individuals to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease inducing earlier mortality rates among people. In general terms, it is difficult for patients to follow a standard long-term diet/exercise regime that would improve or alleviate MetS symptoms. Thus, the investigation of food components that may deal with the MetS features is an important field for ameliorate and facilitate MetS dietary-based therapies. Currently antioxidants are of great interest due to the described association between obesity, cardiovascular alterations and oxidative stress. On the other hand, high MUFA and PUFA diets are being also considered due to their potential benefits on hypertension, insulin resistance and triglyceride levels. Mineral composition of the diet is also relevant since high potassium intake may improve hypertension and high calcium consumption may promote lipid oxidation. Thus, although nutritional supplements are at the peak of dietetic therapies, the consumption of some specific foods (legumes, fatty fish, vegetables and fruits, etc) with bioactive components within an energy-restricted diet is a promising approach to manage MetS manifestations. Therefore, the present review focuses on some of the most important food components currently investigated to improve and make easier the nutritional MetS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Abete
- Dpto. de Ciencias de Alimentación, Fisiología y Toxicología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona (Navarra), Spain
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Azevedo ED. Riscos e controvérsias na construção social do conceito de alimento saudável: o caso da soja. Rev Saude Publica 2011; 45:781-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102011000400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Riscos e controvérsias na construção social do conceito de alimento saudável são discutidos, tendo a soja como objeto de estudo. Estudos dos impactos da soja sobre a saúde e da sojicultura sobre o meio socioambiental foram revisados para analisar as controvérsias científicas da pesquisa na área de soja e saúde humana, bem como seu contexto político e as repercussões socioambientais da sojicultura. Com base na Sociologia do Conhecimento Científico e na Sociologia Ambiental, argumenta-se que a fronteira entre o alimento saudável e o de risco é tênue e vulnerável a diferentes influências construídas reflexivamente. Destaca-se a importância de ampliar o conceito de alimento saudável para o de alimentação saudável, considerando sua dimensão cultural e socioambiental.
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to soy isoflavones and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1286, 4245), maintenance of normal blood LDL cholesterol concentrations (ID 1135, 1704a, 3093a), reduction of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause (ID 1654, 1704b, 2140, 3093b, 3154, 3590), maintenance of normal skin tonicity (ID 1704a), contribution to normal hair growth (ID 1704a, 4254), “cardiovascular health” (ID 3587), treatment of prostate cancer (ID 3588) and “upper respiratory tract” (ID 3589) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Renouf M, Hendrich S. Bacteroides uniformis is a putative bacterial species associated with the degradation of the isoflavone genistein in human feces. J Nutr 2011; 141:1120-6. [PMID: 21525249 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.140988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variation in isoflavone absorption depends on gut microbial degradation and affects the efficacy of these compounds. We hypothesized that inter-individual variation in fecal isoflavone disappearance coincided with variation in bacterial species. In vitro anaerobic fecal disappearance of isoflavones was measured from 33 participants by HPLC. Fecal microbial 16S rRNA variable region PCR products were obtained from 4 participants with the greatest and least genistein or glycitein degradation and were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. DNA bands with a homology of 90-95% to Bacteroides uniformis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were present in greater intensities in fecal samples showing a genistein disappearance rate constant of 1.47 ± 0.14 h(-1) compared with those with a genistein disappearance rate constant of 0.15 ± 0.03 h(-1) (P < 0.05). Human fecal bacterial species with DNA sequences 90-100% homologous to Tannerella forsythensis and 4 other species were present in greater intensities in fecal samples showing a glycitein disappearance rate constant of 0.57 ± 0.30 h(-1) compared with fecal samples with a glycitein disappearance rate constant of 0.08 ± 0.03 h(-1) (P < 0.05). In high degraders, B. uniformis may be a candidate for genistein degradation and T. forsythensis for glycitein degradation, based on fecal isoflavone degradation in the presence of these species. Bacteroides acidifaciens increased isoflavone disappearance in anaerobic human fecal incubations under nutrient-rich and -depleted conditions, suggesting this species as one responsible for the generally high degradation of isoflavones by humans. These fecal microbes are candidate biomarkers for interindividual variation in isoflavone uptake and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Renouf
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Prediger CCDC, Olinto MTA, Nácul LC, Ziegler DR, Pattussi MP. Effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on women's lipid profile: a meta-analysis. REV NUTR 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732011000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the lipid profile of women. A meta-analysis including 13 eligible randomized controlled trials was carried out. The literature was systematically searched for randomized controlled trials on the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the serum lipids of adult women. The main searched databases were PubMed, Cochrane Library, MedLine, Lilacs and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were included if they met the following criteria: published from 1966 to 2005, the study population consisted of women only, had either a crossover or a parallel design and the amounts of soy protein and isoflavones consumed were provided. Weighted mean effect sizes were calculated for net changes in serum lipid concentrations using fixed-effects and random-effects models. Prespecified subgroup analyses were performed to explore the influence of covariates on net lipid change. Soy protein with isoflavones was associated with a significant decrease in total serum cholesterol (by 5.34mg/dL, or 2.4%, p=0.03). No significant associations were detected for low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triacylglycerols and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Amounts of soy protein greater than 40g decreased total cholesterol by 6.56mg/dL (95% CI: -12.35 to -0.39, p=0.04). Soy protein supplementation had small statistically significant effects on the total serum cholesterol of women, but they were clinically insignificant. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant effects on serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol or triglycerides.
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Swami G, Gupta K, Kymonil KM, Saraf S. Soyabean powder as a novel diluent in tablet formulation of simvastatin. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 72:426-30. [PMID: 21218051 PMCID: PMC3013577 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.73909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research paper introduces soyabean nuggets powder, as a novel excipient with nutraceutical value for tablets containing cholesterol lowering drug, simvastatin. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the suitability of soyabean nuggets powder as a diluent by incorporating in tablet formulation of simvastatin. The formulation was compared with the marketed product to determine its relative efficacy. Soyabean nuggets powder was found to be a promising diluent for tablets for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical purposes. Simavastatin soya tablet showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and assay requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Swami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow - 227 105, India
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Villanueva M, Yokoyama W, Hong Y, Barttley G, Rupérez P. Effect of high-fat diets supplemented with okara soybean by-product on lipid profiles of plasma, liver and faeces in Syrian hamsters. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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TAKU K, YOSHIDA Y, OMORI T. Practice guideline of evidence-based medicine : Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (the PRISMA statement). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1241/johokanri.54.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jenkins DJA, Mirrahimi A, Srichaikul K, Berryman CE, Wang L, Carleton A, Abdulnour S, Sievenpiper JL, Kendall CWC, Kris-Etherton PM. Soy protein reduces serum cholesterol by both intrinsic and food displacement mechanisms. J Nutr 2010; 140:2302S-2311S. [PMID: 20943954 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.124958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The apparently smaller LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering effect of soy in recent studies has prompted the U.S. FDA to reexamine the heart health claim previously allowed for soy products. We therefore attempted to estimate the intrinsic and extrinsic (displacement) potential of soy in reducing LDL-C to determine whether the heart health claim for soy continues to be justified. The intrinsic effect of soy was derived from a meta-analysis using soy studies (20-133 g/d soy protein) included in the recent AHA Soy Advisory. The extrinsic effect of soy in displacing foods higher in saturated fat and cholesterol was estimated using predictive equations for LDL-C and NHANES III population survey data with the substitution of 13-58 g/d soy protein for animal protein foods. The meta-analysis of the AHA Soy Advisory data gave a mean LDL-C reduction of 0.17 mmol/L (n = 22; P < 0.0001) or 4.3% for soy, which was confirmed in 11 studies reporting balanced macronutrient profiles. The estimated displacement value of soy (13-58 g/d) using NHANES III population survey data was a 3.6-6.0% reduction in LDL-C due to displacement of saturated fats and cholesterol from animal foods. The LDL-C reduction attributable to the combined intrinsic and extrinsic effects of soy protein foods ranged from 7.9 to 10.3%. Thus, soy remains one of a few food components that reduces serum cholesterol (>4%) when added to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J A Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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