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Chen Y, Lin Y, Zhu J, Zhou J, Lin H, Fu Y, Zhou Y. Transcriptomic analysis of nitrogen metabolism pathways in Klebsiella aerogenes under nitrogen-rich conditions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1323160. [PMID: 38500581 PMCID: PMC10945327 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1323160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The acceleration of the nitrogen cycle and the nitrogen excess observed in some coastal waters has increased interest into understanding the biochemical and molecular basis of nitrogen metabolism in various microorganisms. To investigate nitrogen metabolism of a novel heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes strain (B23) under nitrogen-rich conditions, we conducted physiological and transcriptomic high-throughput sequencing analyses on strain B23 cultured on potassium nitrate-free or potassium nitrate-rich media. Overall, K. aerogenes B23 assimilated 82.47% of the nitrate present into cellular nitrogen. Further, 1,195 differentially expressed genes were observed between K. aerogenes B23 cultured on potassium nitrate-free media and those cultured on potassium nitrate-rich media. Gene annotation and metabolic pathway analysis of the transcriptome were performed using a series of bioinformatics tools, including Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Non-Redundant Protein Database annotation. Accordingly, the nitrogen metabolism pathway of K. aerogenes B23 was analyzed; overall, 39 genes were determined to be involved in this pathway. Differential expression analysis of the genes involved in the nitrogen metabolism pathway demonstrated that, compared to the control, FNR, NarK/14945, fdx, gshA, proB, proA, gapA, argH, artQ, artJ, artM, ArgR, GAT1, prmB, pyrG, glnS, and Ca1 were significantly upregulated in the nitrogen-treated K. aerogenes B23; these genes have been established to be involved in the regulation of nitrate, arginine, glutamate, and ammonia assimilation. Further, norV, norR, and narI were also upregulated in nitrogen-treated K. aerogenes B23; these genes are involved in the regulation of NO metabolism. These differential expression results are important for understanding the regulation process of key nitrogen metabolism enzyme genes in K. aerogenes B23. Therefore, this study establishes a solid foundation for further research into the expression regulation patterns of nitrogen metabolism-associated genes in K. aerogenes B23 under nitrogen-rich conditions; moreover, this research provides essential insight into how K. aerogenes B23 utilizes nutritional elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhou
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
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2
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Wang J, Zhou L, Hou H, Li J, Zhao X, Li J, Li J, Niu X, Hou R, Zhang K. IL-17A is involved in the hyperplasia of blood vessels in local lesions of psoriasis by inhibiting autophagy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:326-338. [PMID: 37635345 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased angiogenesis is a pathological feature of psoriasis, but the pathomechanisms of angiogenesis in psoriasis are not clear. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is the major effect factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Our results showed that IL-17A can promote angiogenesis and cause endothelial cell inflammation. Autophagy plays an important role not only in regulating inflammation, but also in regulating angiogenesis. Whether angiogenesis in psoriasis is related to autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with IL-17A to simulate increased angiogenesis to study whether increased angiogenesis in psoriasis is related to autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS Our results showed that treatment of HUVECs with IL-17A significantly increased angiogenesis and expression levels of mRNA for multiple proinflammatory cytokines (CCL20, IL-8, CCL2, IL-6, and IL-1β) and, while decreasing intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) activity. Moreover, IL-17A inhibited autophagy as shown that IL-17A significantly increased expression levels of LC3II and p62 proteins. Induction of autophagy ameliorated IL-17A-mediated inflammatory response and inhibited angiogenesis, accompanied by increased p-AMPKα(Thr172) and p-ULK1(Ser555) expression, and decreased p-mTOR(Ser2448) and p-ULK1(Ser757) expression. Furthermore, inhibition of either AMPK or lysosomal acidification completely overrode autophagy-induced changes in angiogenesis and NOS activity. Finally, induction of autophagy decreased apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in IL-17A-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that IL-17A is involved in angiogenesis and inflammatory response by inhibiting autophagy through AMPK signaling pathway, suggesting that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuping Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Central Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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3
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Kärki M, Tanner L, Lahtinen S, Soukka T, Niinikoski H. Plasma calprotectin is extremely high in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:293-299. [PMID: 37404678 PMCID: PMC10315390 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting the transport of cationic amino acids. Elevated plasma zinc concentrations have been described in patients with LPI. Calprotectin is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein, produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. Both zinc and calprotectin have an important role in immune system. In this study, we describe plasma zinc and plasma calprotectin concentrations in Finnish LPI patients. Plasma calprotectin concentration was measured from 10 LPI patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and it was remarkably high in all LPI patients (median: 622 338 μg/L) compared to that in healthy controls (608 μg/L). Plasma zinc concentration was measured by photometry and it was normal or only mildly elevated (median: 14.9 μmol/L). All the patients had decreased glomerular infiltration rate (median: 50 mL/min/1.73 m2). In conclusion, we observed extremely high plasma calprotectin concentration in patients with LPI. Mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kärki
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Laura Tanner
- Department of Clinical GeneticsHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Satu Lahtinen
- Department of Life Technologies/BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Life Technologies/BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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4
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Aftabi Y, Gilani N, Ansarin A, Amiri-Sadeghan A, Bakhtiyari N, Seyyedi M, Faramarzi E, Sharifi A, Ansarin K, Seyedrezazadeh E. Female-biased association of NOS2-c.1823C>T (rs2297518) with co-susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and asthma. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:200-213. [PMID: 36716438 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) pathway contributes to the pathogeneses of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and asthma. NOS2 encodes inducible-NO synthase, which is an important enzyme of the pathway, and its variations could affect the risk of asthma and MetS and thereby co-susceptibility to them. This study aims to estimate the association of NOS2-c.1823C>T with risk of asthma, MetS, and asthma with MetS condition (ASMetS), and with asthma stages: intermittent, mild, moderate, and severe asthma. The study included asthmatics (n = 555), MetS (n = 334), and ASMetS cases (n = 232) and 351 controls, which were genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method. The T allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma and MetS in the sample population and females. CT genotype and CT+TT model were significantly associated with increased risk of ASMetS in females. A significant association between CT genotype and increased risk of ASMetS in the sample population and females was found in ASMetS versus MetS. In the sample population and among females, the T allele was significantly associated with severe asthma. The rs2297518 single nucleotide polymorphism of NOS2 contributes to the risk of MetS, asthma, and co-susceptibility to them, and this contribution may be stronger in females compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Aftabi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Gilani
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Amiri-Sadeghan
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Bakhtiyari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Seyyedi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Sharifi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Seyedrezazadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Moutan Cortex Extract Modulates Macrophage Activation via Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Calcium Signaling and ER Stress-CHOP Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032062. [PMID: 36768384 PMCID: PMC9916843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Moutan Cortex, Paeonia suffruticosa root, has long been used as a medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulative properties of Moutan Cortex water extract (CP) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related macrophage activation via the calcium-CHOP pathway. RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the levels of various inflammatory mediators from RAW 264.7 were evaluated. The multiplex cytokine assay was used to investigate both cytokines and growth factors, and RT-PCR was used to investigate the expressions of inflammation-related genes, such as CHOP. Data represent the levels of NO and cytosolic calcium in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 were significantly inhibited by CP as well as hydrogen peroxide (p < 0.05). Minutely, NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 incubated with CP at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL for 24 h was 97.32 ± 1.55%, 95.86 ± 2.26%, 94.64 ± 1.83%, and 92.69 ± 2.31% of the control value (LPS only), respectively (p < 0.05). Calcium release in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 incubated with CP at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL for 18 h was 95.78 ± 1.64%, 95.41 ± 1.14%, 94.54 ± 2.76%, and 90.89 ± 3.34% of the control value, respectively (p < 0.05). Hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 incubated with CP at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL for 24 h was 79.15 ± 7.16%, 63.83 ± 4.03%, 46.27 ± 4.38%, and 40.66 ± 4.03% of the control value, respectively (p < 0.05). It is interesting that the production of IL-6, TNF-α, G-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-2, and M-CSF in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 were significantly inhibited by CP (p < 0.05), while the production of LIX, LIF, RANTES, and MIP-1β showed a meaningful decrease. CP at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL significantly reduced the transcription of Chop, Camk2α, NOS, STAT1, STAT3, Ptgs2, Jak2, c-Jun, Fas, c-Fos, TLR3, and TLR9 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 (p < 0.05). CP at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL significantly reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3, p38 MAPK, and IκB-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that CP might modulate macrophage activation via LPS-induced calcium signaling and the ER stress-CHOP pathway.
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Fujii J, Osaki T. Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Protecting against Radical Species and Autoregulation of M1-Polarized Macrophages through Metabolic Remodeling. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020814. [PMID: 36677873 PMCID: PMC9861185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
When the expression of NOS2 in M1-polarized macrophages is induced, huge amounts of nitric oxide (•NO) are produced from arginine and molecular oxygen as the substrates. While anti-microbial action is the primary function of M1 macrophages, excessive activation may result in inflammation being aggravated. The reaction of •NO with superoxide produces peroxynitrite, which is highly toxic to cells. Alternatively, however, this reaction eliminates radial electrons and may occasionally alleviate subsequent radical-mediated damage. Reactions of •NO with lipid radicals terminates the radical chain reaction in lipid peroxidation, which leads to the suppression of ferroptosis. •NO is involved in the metabolic remodeling of M1 macrophages. Enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, notably aconitase 2, as well as respiratory chain enzymes, are preferential targets of •NO derivatives. Ornithine, an alternate compound produced from arginine instead of citrulline and •NO, is recruited to synthesize polyamines. Itaconate, which is produced from the remodeled TCA cycle, and polyamines function as defense systems against overresponses of M1 macrophages in a feedback manner. Herein, we overview the protective aspects of •NO against radical species and the autoregulatory systems that are enabled by metabolic remodeling in M9-polarized macrophages.
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7
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Wild Watermelon-Extracted Juice Ingestion Reduces Peripheral Arterial Stiffness with an Increase in Nitric Oxide Production: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245199. [PMID: 36558358 PMCID: PMC9780996 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild watermelon contains various nutrients, but the effect of its acute ingestion on arterial stiffness is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether a single bout of acute ingestion of wild watermelon-extracted juice decreased arterial stiffness concomitant with an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. Twelve healthy young female participants were tested under two conditions in a randomized, double-blind crossover study: (1) a beverage containing 90 g of wild watermelon extract and (2) a control beverage: a placebo. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffness, blood flow, and plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels were measured in the supine position at 30, 60, and 90 min after the intake of each beverage. The changes in femoral-ankle PWV were significantly reduced after wild watermelon-extracted juice intake compared to those in the placebo group. Additionally, the changes in blood flow in the posterior tibial artery and plasma NOx levels after intake of wild watermelon-extracted juice were significantly increased compared to those in the placebo group. These data show that acute ingestion of wild watermelon-extracted juice reduces peripheral (lower limb) arterial stiffness and increases NO bioavailability. To confirm these associations, more detailed investigations of the nutrients that influence these effects should be conducted.
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8
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Xu L, Tan X, Bai S, Wu H, Luo H, Ye Y, Fang L, Dai H, Huang L. L-arginine protects cementoblasts against hypoxia-induced apoptosis through Sirt1-enhanced autophagy. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1961-1973. [PMID: 34957557 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-arginine (L-arg) can reduce apoptosis in a variety of cells. Cementoblast apoptosis is related to root resorption during orthodontic treatment. In the present study, we aimed to study the regulatory effect and potential mechanism of L-arg on cementoblast apoptosis and root resorption. METHODS The apoptosis-related mRNA and protein expression of murine cementoblast (OCCM-30) was assessed after L-arg treatment. To investigate the role of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and autophagy in L-arg resistance to cementoblast apoptosis and root absorption, resveratrol, and EX527 were used to activate or inhibit Sirt1, and chloroquine (CQ) was used to inhibit autophagy. RESULTS In vitro, L-arg inhibited hypoxia-induced apoptosis in OCCM-30. Further, L-arg increased Sirt1 expression whereas Sirt1 suppression by EX527 reversed the inhibitory effect of L-arg on cell apoptosis. Sirt1 activator resveratrol increased the ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II/I and decreased the expression of SQSTM1/p62 (p62), suggesting autophagy activation. Autophagy enhancement could reduce apoptosis. Caspase-3 and Bax expression was decreased, and Bcl-2 expression was increased. When autophagy was inhibited by CQ, the positive effects of Sirt1 were attenuated. In vivo, L-arg application reduced root resorption in rats, as demonstrated by decreased root absorption volume. Similarly, L-arg upregulated Sirt1, which activated autophagy in the root resorption model, and less root resorption was observed in the Sirt1 activation group. CONCLUSION L-arg reduced cementoblast apoptosis in hypoxia and reduced root resorption induced by loading force in rats, which may be partly mediated by Sirt1-enhanced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Tan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyu Bai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Luo
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yusi Ye
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingli Fang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Dai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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9
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Sun M, Ren Z, Wei T, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zheng Q, Qin T. Preparation, characterization and immune activity of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide loaded in chitosan-graphene oxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1466-1475. [PMID: 36070821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan graphene oxide Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CS-GO-CPP) complex on the immune function of macrophage cells (RAW264.7). In this experiment, chitosan (CS) was combined with graphene oxide (GO) by electrostatic action to prepare CS-GO nanocomposites, and it was used as a carrier to load Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) onto CS-GO to prepare CS-GO-CPP. Using infrared spectroscopy detection, zeta potential detection, and thermogravimetric analysis, we conduct a preliminary analysis of the structure of CS-GO-CPP. Macrophages were employed to evaluate CS-GO-CPP immunomodulatory activity and the possible mechanism responsible for the activation of macrophages in vitro. The results showed that compared with CPP, CS-GO-CPP did not change the basic structure of polysaccharide, and its thermal stability was improved. 0.78- 12.5 μg·mL-1 of CS-GO-CPP could significantly promote the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.05) and significantly increase NO content, IL-4 and IFN-γ secretion, the expression of CD40, CD86, and F4/80 (P < 0.05). CS-GO-CPP might activate the NF-κB signaling pathway and induce the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In conclusion, CS-GO-CPP has a capacity to activate RAW264.7 cells for an improvement of immunomodulation activities, which might be through NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yongyuan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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10
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Kotlyarov S. Immune Function of Endothelial Cells: Evolutionary Aspects, Molecular Biology and Role in Atherogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179770. [PMID: 36077168 PMCID: PMC9456046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the key problems of modern medicine, which is due to the high prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their significant share in the structure of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Atherogenesis is a complex chain of events that proceeds over many years in the vascular wall with the participation of various cells. Endothelial cells are key participants in vascular function. They demonstrate involvement in the regulation of vascular hemodynamics, metabolism, and innate immunity, which act as leading links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These endothelial functions have close connections and deep evolutionary roots, a better understanding of which will improve the prospects of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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11
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Priyanka HP, Thiyagaraj A, Krithika G, Nair RS, Hopper W, ThyagaRajan S. 17β-Estradiol Concentration and Direct β 2-Adrenoceptor Inhibition Determine Estrogen-Mediated Reversal of Adrenergic Immunosuppression. Ann Neurosci 2022; 29:32-52. [PMID: 35875427 PMCID: PMC9305908 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211070541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sympathetic innervation of lymphoid organs, and the presence of 17β-estradiol (estrogen or E2) and adrenergic receptors (ARs) on lymphocytes, suggests that sympathetic stimulation and hormonal activation may influence immune functions. Purpose: Modeling and simulating these pathways may help to understand the dynamics of neuroendocrine-immune modulation at the cellular and molecular levels. Methods: Dose- and receptor-dependent effects of E2 and AR subtype-specific agonists were established in vitro on lymphocytes from young male Sprague-Dawley rats and were modeled in silico using the MATLAB Simbiology toolbox. Kinetic principles were assigned to define receptor–ligand dynamics, and concentration/time plots were obtained using Ode15s solvers at different time intervals for key regulatory molecules. Comparisons were drawn between in silico and in vitro data for validating the constructed model with sensitivity analysis of key regulatory molecules to assess their individual impacts on the dynamics of the system. Finally, docking studies were conducted with key ligands E2 and norepinephrine (NE) to understand the mechanistic principles underlying their interactions. Results: Adrenergic activation triggered proapoptotic signals, while E2 enhanced survival signals, showing opposing effects as observed in vitro. Treatment of lymphocytes with E2 shows a 10-fold increase in survival signals in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activation is crucial for the activation of survival signals through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and cAMP responsive element binding (p-CREB) protein. Docking studies showed the direct inhibition of ERK by NE and β2-AR by E2 explaining how estrogen signaling overrides NE-mediated immunosuppression in vitro. Conclusion: The cross-talk between E2 and adrenergic signaling pathways determines lymphocyte functions in a receptor subtype and coactivation-dependent manner in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P. Priyanka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Inspire Lab, Institute of Advanced Research in Health Sciences, Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Thiyagaraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Krithika
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras Guindy, Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. S. Nair
- Inspire Lab, Institute of Advanced Research in Health Sciences, Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - W. Hopper
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. ThyagaRajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Yu S, Sun L, Jiang J, He X, Zhou Q. Common variants in AGR1 genes contributed to the risk and traits of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in Han Chinese population. Biomark Med 2022; 16:331-340. [PMID: 35234520 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine the association between polymorphisms of the ARG1 gene and the risk and traits of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM). Methods: A total of 468 CCM and 1012 cirrhosis patients were enrolled, and 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ARG1 gene were genotyped. Differences in genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of the SNPs between the CCM and cirrhosis groups were analyzed by chi-square test. Correlations of the genotypes of SNPs and representative traits of liver and heart function were performed using linear regression analysis. Results: SNPs rs2781666 and rs2781667 were associated with the risk of CCM in both dominant and additive inheritance models. The GG genotype frequency of rs2781666 and CC genotype frequency of rs2781667 were lower in the CCM group than in the cirrhosis group. The G-C haplotype frequency of the block consisting of rs2781666 and rs2781667 was higher and the T-T haplotype frequency was lower in CCM patients than in cirrhosis patients. SNP rs2781666 was associated with the alanine transaminase level, and rs2781667 was associated with the ARG1 level and left atrial diameter. Conclusion: SNPs rs2781666 and rs2781667 in the ARG1 gene were associated with susceptibility to and traits of CCM in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
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13
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Hajji N, Garcia-Revilla J, Sarmiento Soto M, Perryman R, Symington JJ, Quarles CC, Healey DR, Guo Y, Orta-Vázquez ML, Mateos-Cordero S, Shah K, Bomalaski J, Anichini G, Tzakos AG, Crook T, O'Neill K, Scheck AC, Venero JL, Syed N. Arginine deprivation alters microglia polarity and synergises with radiation to eradicate non arginine auxotrophic glioblastoma tumors. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:142137. [PMID: 35113813 PMCID: PMC8920336 DOI: 10.1172/jci142137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches for the management of glioblastoma (GBM) are an urgent and unmet clinical need. Here, we illustrate that the efficacy of radiotherapy for GBM is strikingly potentiated by concomitant therapy with the arginine-depleting agent ADI-PEG20 in a non-arginine-auxotrophic cellular background (argininosuccinate synthetase 1 positive). Moreover, this combination led to durable and complete radiological and pathological response, with extended disease-free survival in an orthotopic immune-competent model of GBM, with no significant toxicity. ADI-PEG20 not only enhanced the cellular sensitivity of argininosuccinate synthetase 1–positive GBM to ionizing radiation by elevated production of nitric oxide (˙NO) and hence generation of cytotoxic peroxynitrites, but also promoted glioma-associated macrophage/microglial infiltration into tumors and turned their classical antiinflammatory (protumor) phenotype into a proinflammatory (antitumor) phenotype. Our results provide an effective, well-tolerated, and simple strategy to improve GBM treatment that merits consideration for early evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Hajji
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Garcia-Revilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Richard Perryman
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jake J Symington
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad C Quarles
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America
| | - Deborah R Healey
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America
| | - Yijie Guo
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America
| | | | | | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - John Bomalaski
- Polaris, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, United States of America
| | - Giulio Anichini
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Timothy Crook
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin O'Neill
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrienne C Scheck
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, United States of America
| | - Jose Luis Venero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Nelofer Syed
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Sales RR, Nogueira BL, Tosatti JAG, Gomes KB, Luizon MR. Do Genetic Polymorphisms Affect Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) Levels in Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia Treated With Hydroxyurea? A Systematic Review and Pathway Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:779497. [PMID: 35126118 PMCID: PMC8814522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea has long been used for the treatment of sickle cell anemia (SCA), and its clinical effectiveness is related to the induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), a major modifier of SCA phenotypes. However, there is substantial variability in response to hydroxyurea among patients with SCA. While some patients show an increase in HbF levels and an ameliorated clinical condition under low doses of hydroxyurea, other patients present a poor effect or even develop toxicity. However, the effects of genetic polymorphisms on increasing HbF levels in response to hydroxyurea in patients with SCA (Hb SS) have been less explored. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to assess whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect HbF levels in patients with SCA treated with hydroxyurea. Moreover, we performed pathway analysis using the set of genes with SNPs found to be associated with changes in HbF levels in response to hydroxyurea among the included studies. The systematic literature search was conducted on Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Web of Science. Seven cohort studies were included following our inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the 728 genetic polymorphisms examined in the included studies, 50 different SNPs of 17 genes were found to be associated with HbF changes in patients with SCA treated with hydroxyurea, which are known to affect baseline HbF but are not restricted to them. Enrichment analysis of this gene set revealed reactome pathways with the lowest adjusted p-values and highest combined scores related to VEGF ligand–receptor interactions (R-HSA-194313; R-HSA-195399) and the urea cycle (R-HSA-70635). Pharmacogenetic studies of response to hydroxyurea therapy in patients with SCA are still scarce and markedly heterogeneous regarding candidate genes and SNPs examined for association with HbF changes and outcomes, suggesting that further studies are needed. The reviewed findings highlighted that similar to baseline HbF, changes in HbF levels upon hydroxyurea therapy are likely to be regulated by multiple loci. There is evidence that SNPs in intron 2 of BCL11A affect HbF changes in response to hydroxyurea therapy, a potential application that might improve the clinical management of SCA. Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=208790).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahyssa Rodrigues Sales
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rahyssa Rodrigues Sales, ; Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon,
| | - Bárbara Lisboa Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Abdo Gonçalves Tosatti
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rahyssa Rodrigues Sales, ; Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon,
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15
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Arginine and Arginases Modulate Metabolism, Tumor Microenvironment and Prostate Cancer Progression. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124503. [PMID: 34960055 PMCID: PMC8704013 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine availability and activation of arginine-related pathways at cancer sites have profound effects on the tumor microenvironment, far beyond their well-known role in the hepatic urea cycle. Arginine metabolism impacts not only malignant cells but also the surrounding immune cells behavior, modulating growth, survival, and immunosurveillance mechanisms, either through an arginase-mediated effect on polyamines and proline synthesis, or by the arginine/nitric oxide pathway in tumor cells, antitumor T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. This review presents evidence concerning the impact of arginine metabolism and arginase activity in the prostate cancer microenvironment, highlighting the recent advances in immunotherapy, which might be relevant for prostate cancer. Even though further research is required, arginine deprivation may represent a novel antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of arginine-dependent prostate cancer.
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16
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Adebayo A, Varzideh F, Wilson S, Gambardella J, Eacobacci M, Jankauskas SS, Donkor K, Kansakar U, Trimarco V, Mone P, Lombardi A, Santulli G. l-Arginine and COVID-19: An Update. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113951. [PMID: 34836206 PMCID: PMC8619186 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Arginine is involved in many different biological processes and recent reports indicate that it could also play a crucial role in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we present an updated systematic overview of the current evidence on the functional contribution of L-Arginine in COVID-19, describing its actions on endothelial cells and the immune system and discussing its potential as a therapeutic tool, emerged from recent clinical experimentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayobami Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Eacobacci
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kwame Donkor
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University and International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, 80100 Naples, Italy
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17
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Marzabani R, Rezadoost H, Choopanian P, Kolahdooz S, Mozafari N, Mirzaie M, Karimi M, Nieminen AI, Jafari M. Metabolomic signature of amino acids in plasma of patients with non-segmental Vitiligo. Metabolomics 2021; 17:92. [PMID: 34562159 PMCID: PMC8464575 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitiligo pathogenesis is complicated, and several possibilities were suggested. However, it is well-known that the metabolism of pigments plays a significant role in the pathogenicity of the disease. OBJECTIVES We explored the role of amino acids in vitiligo using targeted metabolomics. METHODS The amino acid profile was studied in plasma using liquid chromatography. First, 22 amino acids were derivatized and precisely determined. Next, the concentrations of the amino acids and the molar ratios were calculated in 31 patients and 34 healthy individuals. RESULTS The differential concentrations of amino acids were analyzed and eight amino acids, i.e., cysteine, arginine, lysine, ornithine, proline, glutamic acid, histidine, and glycine were observed differentially. The ratios of cysteine, glutamic acid, and proline increased significantly in Vitiligo patients, whereas arginine, lysine, ornithine, glycine, and histidine decreased significantly compared to healthy individuals. Considering the percentage of skin area, we also showed that glutamic acid significantly has a higher amount in patients with less than 25% involvement compared to others. Finally, cysteine and lysine are considered promising candidates for diagnosing and developing the disorder with high accuracy (0.96). CONCLUSION The findings are consistent with the previously illustrated mechanism of Vitiligo, such as production deficiency in melanin and an increase in immune activity and oxidative stress. Furthermore, new evidence was provided by using amino acids profile toward the pathogenicity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Marzabani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Peyman Choopanian
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Kolahdooz
- School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Mozafari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaie
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anni I Nieminen
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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Wang Q, Xu Z, Ai Q. Arginine metabolism and its functions in growth, nutrient utilization, and immunonutrition of fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:716-727. [PMID: 34466676 PMCID: PMC8379419 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fish have limited ability in endogenous biosynthesis of arginine. Arginine is an indispensable amino acid for fish, and the arginine requirement varies with fish species and fish size. Recent studies on fish have demonstrated that arginine influences nutrient metabolism, stimulates insulin release, is involved in nonspecific immune responses and antioxidant responses, and elevates disease resistance. Specifically, arginine can regulate energy homeostasis via modulating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and also regulate protein synthesis via activating the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. The present article reviews pertinent knowledge of arginine in fish, including dietary quantitative requirements, endogenous anabolism and catabolism, regulation of the endocrine and metabolic systems, and immune-regulatory functions under pathogenic challenge. Our findings showed that further data about the distribution of arginine after intake into specific cells, its sub-cellular sensor to initiate downstream signaling pathways, and its effects on fish mucosal immunity, especially the adaptive immune response against pathogenic infection in different species, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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19
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Orzabal MR, Naik VD, Lee J, Wu G, Ramadoss J. Impact of gestational electronic cigarette vaping on amino acid signature profile in the pregnant mother and the fetus. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100107. [PMID: 34355157 PMCID: PMC8319793 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are a form of tobacco product that has become increasingly popular over the past decade. Despite the known health consequences of tobacco product exposure during pregnancy, a substantial number of daily smokers will continue to smoke during pregnancy. Our current knowledge on the effects of e-cig aerosol exposure during pregnancy is limited to a small number of animal studies, which have identified several e-cig aerosol-induced disruptions to the physiology of normal development. Methods To further assess the impact of prenatal e-cig aerosol exposure on maternal and fetal health, we examined the amino acid signature profiles in maternal and fetal plasma, as well as in the fetal lungs, a sensitive target organ for prenatal tobacco product exposure. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups and were exposed to either e-cig aerosols containing nicotine, e-cig aerosols without nicotine, or room air. Dams were exposed utilizing a state-of-the-art custom engineered e-cig vaping system that is compatible with commercially available e-cig atomizers and enables a translational inhalation delivery method comparable to human vaping. Results We determined that gestational exposure to e-cig aerosols results in significant alterations to the amino acid profile in the maternal and fetal compartments, including the fetal lungs. The data shows a targeted disruption to the nitric oxide pathway, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, fetal protein synthesis, and urea cycle. Conclusion The data presented herein provides additional support that gestational e-cig aerosol exposure can impact crucial biological processes and exemplifies the need for extensive research on exposure to e-cig aerosols. First report of e-cig induced alterations to maternal/fetal amino acid profile. Translational vaping paradigm utilizing custom engineered vaping system. Analysis of amino acids show gestational e-cig exposure has significant effects. Fetal lungs may be a sensitive target to gestational e-cig aerosol exposure. Marker of dysregulation in branched-chain amino acid metabolism and urea cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus R Orzabal
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vishal D Naik
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jehoon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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20
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Piatakova A, Polakova I, Smahelova J, Johari SD, Nunvar J, Smahel M. Distinct Responsiveness of Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Immunotherapy of Tumors with Different Mechanisms of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Downregulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123057. [PMID: 34205330 PMCID: PMC8235485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the major cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where they can either be pro-tumorigenic or contribute to an anti-tumor immunity. The TME and TAM phenotype were analyzed after combined immuno-therapy (IT) in tumor models characterized by distinct expression of major histocompatibility class I complex (MHC-I) molecules, i.e., tumors induced with TC-1 (MHC-I-proficient), TC-1/A9 (reversibly downregulated), and TC-1/dB2m (irreversibly downregulated) cells. We found out that combined IT highly activated immune reactions in the TME of TC-1 and TC-1/A9 tumors, but the TME of TC-1/dB2m tumors remained almost unchanged. Correspondingly, TAMs from TC-1/A9 tumors were able to destroy tumor cells in vitro, while TAMs isolated from TC-1/dB2m tumors showed profoundly decreased cytotoxicity. Hence, various capabilities of TAMs in tumors with distinct expression of MHC-I molecules should be considered when applying IT, particularly IT focused on TAMs. Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) plentifully infiltrate the tumor microenvironment (TME), but their role in anti-tumor immunity is controversial. Depending on the acquired polarization, they can either support tumor growth or participate in the elimination of neoplastic cells. In this study, we analyzed the TME by RNA-seq and flow cytometry and examined TAMs after ex vivo activation. Tumors with normal and either reversibly or irreversibly decreased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules were induced with TC-1, TC-1/A9, and TC-1/dB2m cells, respectively. We found that combined immunotherapy (IT), composed of DNA immunization and the CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) ODN1826, evoked immune reactions in the TME of TC-1- and TC-1/A9-induced tumors, while the TME of TC-1/dB2m tumors was mostly immunologically unresponsive. TAMs infiltrated both tumor types with MHC-I downregulation, but only TAMs from TC-1/A9 tumors acquired the M1 phenotype upon IT and were cytotoxic in in vitro assay. The anti-tumor effect of combined IT was markedly enhanced by a blockade of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), but only against TC-1/A9 tumors. Overall, TAMs from tumors with irreversible MHC-I downregulation were resistant to the stimulation of cytotoxic activity. These data suggest the dissimilarity of TAMs from different tumor types, which should be considered when utilizing TAMs in cancer IT.
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21
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Berberine modulates hyper-inflammation in mouse macrophages stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid via calcium-CHOP/STAT pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11298. [PMID: 34050236 PMCID: PMC8163795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a well-known quaternary ammonium salt that is usually found in the roots of such plants as Phellodendron amurense and Coptis chinensis. However, the effects of berberine on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced macrophages have not been fully reported. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine on dsRNA [polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid; poly I:C]-induced macrophages. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), first apoptosis signal receptor (Fas; CD95), cytokines, intracellular calcium, phosphorylated I-kappa-B-alpha (IkB-α), phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated signal transducer and activated transcription 3 (STAT3), and mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were evaluated. Berberine significantly inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, Fas, GM-CSF, LIF, LIX, RANTES, and MIP-2 as well as calcium release in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations of up to 50 μM. Berberine also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, IkB-α, and STAT3 in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, berberine significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of Chop (GADD153), Stat1, Stat3, and Fas in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, berberine has anti-inflammatory properties related to its inhibition of NO, PGE2, Fas, GM-CSF, LIF, LIX, RANTES, and MIP-2 in dsRNA-induced macrophages via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related calcium-CHOP/STAT pathway.
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Qiu T, Gu P, Wusiman A, Ni H, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zhu T, He J, Liu Z, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Immunoenhancement effects of chitosan-modified ginseng stem-leaf saponins-encapsulated cubosomes as an ajuvant. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111799. [PMID: 33971614 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery of functional molecules and vaccine is a promising method for enhancing the immune response. The objective of this study was to design chitosan (CS)-modified ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS)-encapsulated cubosomes (Cub-GSLSCS) as a vaccine delivery system and explore its immunologic activity and adjuvanticity. In this study, CS-modified GSLS-encapsulated cubosomes (Cub-GSLSCS) were prepared. The storage stability of GSLS and that of ovalbumin (OVA) were measured. Additionally, the immunopotentiation of Cub-GSLSCS were assessed on potentiating macrophage in vitro, and the adjuvant activity was evaluated through immune response triggered by OVA model antigen. The encapsulation efficiency of optimized Cub-GSLSCS was about 65 % with Im3m nanostructure. The Cub-GSLSCS showed excellent stability and sustained release for up to 28 days. In vitro, Cub-GSLSCS nanoparticles improved cellular uptake, stimulated cytokines secretion of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and generated more inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to produce higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) compared with other groups. Furthermore, the immunoadjuvant effects of OVA encapsulated Cub-GSLSCS nanoparticles (Cub-GSLSCS-OVA) were observed through immunized mice. Results showed that the ratio of CD4+/CD8 + T lymphocytes was increased in Cub-GSLSCS-OVA group. In addition, Cub-GSLSCS-OVA nanoparticles induced dramatically high OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels and stimulated the secretion of cytokines. Cub-GSLSCS may be a potential vaccine delivery system and induce a long-term sustained immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Adelijiang Wusiman
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Haiyu Ni
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jin He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Hannemann J, Rendant-Gantzberg L, Zummack J, Hillig J, Eilermann I, Böger R. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Arginase 1 and 2 Genes Are Differentially Associated with Circulating l-Arginine Concentration in Unsupplemented and l-Arginine-Supplemented Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:763-771. [PMID: 33232463 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in arginase may underlie variability in whole blood l-arginine concentrations in unsupplemented and l-arginine-supplemented adults. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the arginase 1 (ARG1) and arginase 2 (ARG2) genes are associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in unsupplemented and l-arginine-supplemented individuals. METHODS In 374 adults (mean ± SD age: 59.6 ± 14.6 y; 180 males), we analyzed SNPs in the ARG1 (rs2246012 and rs2781667) and ARG2 genes (rs3742879 and rs2759757) and their associations with blood l-arginine concentrations. We analyzed associations of haplotypes for the ARG1 gene and for the ARG1 and ARG2 genes combined with blood l-arginine concentrations in supplement users and unsupplemented participants. RESULTS Of study participants, 120 had low (<42 μmol/L), 133 had medium (42-114 μmol/L), and 121 had high blood l-arginine concentrations (>114 μmol/L); 58 individuals were current l-arginine supplement users. We found a significantly higher prevalence of the minor allele of ARG1 rs2246012 in supplement users with higher blood l-arginine concentrations (P = 0.03). Mean ± SEM l-arginine concentration was 263 ± 9.76 μmol/L in supplement users homozygous for the minor allele of ARG1 rs2246012 (P = 0.004); it was 70.4 ± 25.6 μmol/L in unsupplemented participants homozygous for the minor allele of ARG2 rs3759757 (P = 0.03). The ARG1 haplotype was significantly associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in supplement users (P = 0.046), whereas the combined ARG1/ARG2 haplotype was significantly associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in the cohort as a whole (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variability in the ARG1 and ARG2 genes is associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in humans: ARG1 is associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in l-arginine supplement users, whereas ARG2 is associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in unsupplemented participants. Our study is the first to describe a possible functional relation between ARG1 and ARG2 SNPs and blood l-arginine concentrations; genetic variability in ARG1 may explain variation in blood l-arginine concentrations during supplement use and discrepant study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard Rendant-Gantzberg
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Zummack
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Hillig
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ina Eilermann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Amino Acids in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Redox Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:35-49. [PMID: 34251637 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the chains of amino acids linked via peptide bonds. In cells, newly synthesized proteins are modified and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and matured to be functional proteins before they are transported to other tissues or organs. In addition to protein synthesis, the ER is also a stress-sensing organelle for diverse biological functions, such as calcium storage, lipid synthesis, and cellular metabolism. Nutrient deprivation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and other intracellular insults can activate ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore homeostasis. Dysfunction of the ER influences cellular physiology and metabolism, and contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins of eukaryotic organisms. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have found that amino acids can function as signaling molecules to regulate gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis, immune response, and antioxidant capacity in numerous biological processes. Importantly, several lines of studies have indicated that amino acids regulate the abundances of proteins implicated in UPR and the redox state, therefore restoring the intracellular homeostasis. Amino acids play an important role in regulating ER stress and redox homeostasis in animal cells for their survival, growth, and development.
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Kim DH, Lee JY, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Park W. Rubi Fructus Water Extract Alleviates LPS-Stimulated Macrophage Activation via an ER Stress-Induced Calcium/CHOP Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113577. [PMID: 33266427 PMCID: PMC7700618 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of antibiotics and vaccines, many intractable infectious diseases still threaten human health across the globe. Uncontrolled infections can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, known as a cytokine storm. As cytokines also play necessary and positive roles in fighting infections, it is important to identify nontoxic and anti-inflammatory natural products that can modulate cytokine production caused by infections. Rubi Fructus, the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus Miquel, are known to possess antioxidative properties. In this study, the effect of the water extract of Rubi Fructus (RF) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages was investigated using biochemical and cell biology techniques. Our data indicated that RF inhibits p38 phosphorylation, intracellular calcium release, and the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic activating factor (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in LPS-treated macrophages. In addition, we observed decreasing mRNA expression of Chop, Camk2a, Stat1, Stat3, Jak2, Fas, c-Jun, c-Fos, Nos2, and Ptgs2 without cytotoxic effects. We concluded that RF demonstrated immunoregulatory activity on LPS-stimulated macrophages via an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced calcium/CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) pathway and the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Medical Classics and History, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Wansu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (H.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-750-8821
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Lin Z, Huang R, Zhou J, Chen Y, Xu L, Gao Y, Wang C, Wang Q. Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Influences Arginine Metabolism to Benefit Replication. Avian Dis 2020; 64:16-22. [PMID: 32267121 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-64.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) is caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4). HPS has caused outbreaks in Chinese populations of broiler chickens since 2015. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying HPS. In this study, we used transcriptomic analysis to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the livers of FAdV-4-infected and noninfected chicks. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the gene network associated with the arginine metabolism pathway was enriched in livers infected by FAdV-4; 10 genes were downregulated and 8 genes were upregulated in these livers when compared to noninfected livers. The DEGs identified in livers were reanalyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR); results indicated that the mRNA levels of the DEGs concurred with the data derived from KEGG analysis. Next, we used qPCR to detect the DEGs of the arginine metabolism pathway in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH) after infection with FAdV-4 for 24 hr; this also indicated that the mRNA levels of the DEGs concurred with that seen in the liver. We also used si-RNA oligonucleotides to knock down the mRNA levels of iNOS in LMH cells infected with FAdV-4 and found that the viral load of FAdV-4 was increased. Further investigation revealed that the addition of 240 µg/ml of arginine into the culture medium of LMH cells infected with FAdV-4 for 24 hr led to a significant increase in the mRNA levels of iNOS but a significant reduction in the viral load of FAdV-4. Therefore, our data indicated that when broiler chickens become infected with FAdV-4, the arginine metabolic pathway in the liver becomes dysfunctional and the iNOS mRNA level decreases. This will add benefit to the replication of FAdV-4 but can be inhibited by the addition of an appropriate amount of arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lin
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Ruiling Huang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Xu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yuyun Gao
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Changkang Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China,
| | - Quanxi Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China, .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China,
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Diospyrin Modulates Inflammation in Poly I:C-Induced Macrophages via ER Stress-Induced Calcium-CHOP Pathway. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diospyrin, plant-derived bisnaphthoquinonoid, is known to have anticancer activity. However, pharmacological activity of diospyrin on viral infection is not well known. We investigated effects of diospyrin on macrophages induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a mimic of double-stranded viral RNA. Various cytokines, intracellular calcium, nitric oxide (NO), phosphorylated p38 MAPK, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 as well as mRNA expressions of transcription factors were evaluated. Diospyrin significantly reduced NO production, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production, and intracellular calcium release in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 was also significantly suppressed. Additionally, diospyrin inhibited mRNA levels of nitric oxide synthase 2, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alpha, signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT3, STAT4, Janus kinase 2, first apoptosis signal receptor, c-Jun, and c-Fos in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7. Taken together, this study represents that diospyrin might have the inhibitory activity against viral inflammation such as excessive production of inflammatory mediators in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 via ER stress-induced calcium-CHOP pathway.
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Ajsuvakova OP, Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Rocha JB, Michalke B, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Butnariu M, Dadar M, Sarac I, Aaseth J, Bjørklund G. Sulfhydryl groups as targets of mercury toxicity. Coord Chem Rev 2020; 417:213343. [PMID: 32905350 PMCID: PMC7470069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study addresses existing data on the affinity and conjugation of sulfhydryl (thiol; -SH) groups of low- and high-molecular-weight biological ligands with mercury (Hg). The consequences of these interactions with special emphasis on pathways of Hg toxicity are highlighted. Cysteine (Cys) is considered the primary target of Hg, and link its sensitivity with thiol groups and cellular damage. In vivo, Hg complexes play a key role in Hg metabolism. Due to the increased affinity of Hg to SH groups in Cys residues, glutathione (GSH) is reactive. The geometry of Hg(II) glutathionates is less understood than that with Cys. Both Cys and GSH Hg-conjugates are important in Hg transport. The binding of Hg to Cys mediates multiple toxic effects of Hg, especially inhibitory effects on enzymes and other proteins that contain free Cys residues. In blood plasma, albumin is the main Hg-binding (Hg2+, CH3Hg+, C2H5Hg+, C6H5Hg+) protein. At the Cys34 residue, Hg2+ binds to albumin, whereas other metals likely are bound at the N-terminal site and multi-metal binding sites. In addition to albumin, Hg binds to multiple Cys-containing enzymes (including manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), arginase I, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase, etc.) involved in multiple processes. The affinity of Hg for thiol groups may also underlie the pathways of Hg toxicity. In particular, Hg-SH may contribute to apoptosis modulation by interfering with Akt/CREB, Keap1/Nrf2, NF-κB, and mitochondrial pathways. Mercury-induced oxidative stress may ensue from Cys-Hg binding and inhibition of Mn-SOD (Cys196), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) (Cys497) activity, as well as limiting GSH (GS-HgCH3) and Trx (Cys32, 35, 62, 65, 73) availability. Moreover, Hg-thiol interaction also is crucial in the neurotoxicity of Hg by modulating the cytoskeleton and neuronal receptors, to name a few. However, existing data on the role of Hg-SH binding in the Hg toxicity remains poorly defined. Therefore, more research is needed to understand better the role of Hg-thiol binding in the molecular pathways of Hg toxicology and the critical role of thiols to counteract negative effects of Hg overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P. Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - João B.T. Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timișoara, Timişoara, Romania
- CONEM Romania Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences Group, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timișoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ioan Sarac
- Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timișoara, Timişoara, Romania
- CONEM Romania Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences Group, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timișoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Jan Aaseth
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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S. Clemente G, van Waarde A, F. Antunes I, Dömling A, H. Elsinga P. Arginase as a Potential Biomarker of Disease Progression: A Molecular Imaging Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5291. [PMID: 32722521 PMCID: PMC7432485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase is a widely known enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The action of arginase goes beyond the boundaries of hepatic ureogenic function, being widespread through most tissues. Two arginase isoforms coexist, the type I (Arg1) predominantly expressed in the liver and the type II (Arg2) expressed throughout extrahepatic tissues. By producing L-ornithine while competing with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for the same substrate (L-arginine), arginase can influence the endogenous levels of polyamines, proline, and NO•. Several pathophysiological processes may deregulate arginase/NOS balance, disturbing the homeostasis and functionality of the organism. Upregulated arginase expression is associated with several pathological processes that can range from cardiovascular, immune-mediated, and tumorigenic conditions to neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, arginase is a potential biomarker of disease progression and severity and has recently been the subject of research studies regarding the therapeutic efficacy of arginase inhibitors. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological role of arginase and the current state of development of arginase inhibitors, discussing the potential of arginase as a molecular imaging biomarker and stimulating the development of novel specific and high-affinity arginase imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo S. Clemente
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.C.); (A.v.W.); (I.F.A.)
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.C.); (A.v.W.); (I.F.A.)
| | - Inês F. Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.C.); (A.v.W.); (I.F.A.)
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.C.); (A.v.W.); (I.F.A.)
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30
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Li Y, Jiang Y, Chu Q, Zheng X. Radix Tetrastigma
extract from different origins protect RAW264.7 macrophages against LPS‐induced inflammation. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1586-1595. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglu Li
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shanghai Zhengyue Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. 19th Floor, Block B, Xinchengkonggu Building, NO.388 Zhongjiang Road, Putuo District Shanghai 600062 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chu
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
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Gao L, Zhou F, Wang KX, Zhou YZ, Du GH, Qin XM. Baicalein protects PC12 cells from Aβ 25-35-induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of apoptosis and metabolic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 248:117471. [PMID: 32112868 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the protective effects and possible mechanisms of baicalein on Aβ25-35-induced toxicity. MAIN METHODS Thioflavin-T (Th-T) dye was used to determine the effects of baicalein on Aβ25-35 aggregation in vitro. PC12 cells were stimulated with Aβ25-35, then the effects of baicalein on apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial respiratory complex I, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. Moreover, LC-MS metabolomics approach was used to detect metabolic changes induced by baicalein in Aβ25-35-injured PC12 cells. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that baicalein could inhibit the aggregation of Aβ25-35 in vitro. Furthermore, pretreatment with baicalein significantly prevented Aβ25-35-induced cell apoptosis, as manifested by increasing the levels of MMP, ATP and mitochondrial respiratory complex I, decreasing the contents of ROS and NO. LC-MS metabolomics revealed that baicalein can regulate 5 metabolites, mainly involving two metabolic pathways, arginine and proline metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE Our study revealed that baicalein has a protective effect on Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, which may be related to inhibition of apoptosis and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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Michaeloudes C, Bhavsar PK, Mumby S, Xu B, Hui CKM, Chung KF, Adcock IM. Role of Metabolic Reprogramming in Pulmonary Innate Immunity and Its Impact on Lung Diseases. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:31-46. [PMID: 31786568 DOI: 10.1159/000504344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung innate immunity is the first line of defence against inhaled allergens, pathogens and environmental pollutants. Cellular metabolism plays a key role in innate immunity. Catabolic pathways, including glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), are interconnected with biosynthetic and redox pathways. Innate immune cell activation and differentiation trigger extensive metabolic changes that are required to support their function. Pro-inflammatory polarisation of macrophages and activation of dendritic cells, mast cells and neutrophils are associated with increased glycolysis and a shift towards the pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acid synthesis. These changes provide the macromolecules required for proliferation and inflammatory mediator production and reactive oxygen species for anti-microbial effects. Conversely, anti-inflammatory macrophages use primarily FAO and oxidative phosphorylation to ensure efficient energy production and redox balance required for prolonged survival. Deregulation of metabolic reprogramming in lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, may contribute to impaired innate immune cell function. Understanding how innate immune cell metabolism is altered in lung disease may lead to identification of new therapeutic targets. This is important as drugs targeting a number of metabolic pathways are already in clinical development for the treatment of other diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Michaeloudes
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bingling Xu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Christopher Kim Ming Hui
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Kumar R, Singh P, Kolloli A, Shi L, Bushkin Y, Tyagi S, Subbian S. Immunometabolism of Phagocytes During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:105. [PMID: 31681793 PMCID: PMC6803600 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains as a leading killer among infectious diseases worldwide. The nature of the host immune response dictates whether the initial Mtb infection is cleared or progresses toward active disease, and is ultimately determined by intricate host-pathogen interactions that are yet to be fully understood. The early immune response to infection is mediated by innate immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils that can phagocytose Mtb and mount an antimicrobial response. However, Mtb can exploit these innate immune cells for its survival and dissemination. Recently, it has become clear that the immune response and metabolic remodeling are interconnected, which is highlighted by the rapid evolution of the interdisciplinary field of immunometabolism. It has been proposed that the net outcome to Mtb infection—clearance or chronic disease—is likely a result of combined immunologic and metabolic activities of the immune cells. Indeed, host cells activated by Mtb infection have strikingly different metabolic requirements than naïve/non-infected cells. Macrophages activated by Mtb-derived molecules or upon phagocytosis acquire a phenotype similar to M1 with elevated production of pro-inflammatory molecules and rely on glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway to meet their bioenergetic and metabolic requirements. In these macrophages, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation are dampened. However, the non-infected/naive, M2-type macrophages are anti-inflammatory and derive their energy from oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation. Similar metabolic adaptations also occur in other phagocytes, including dendritic cells, neutrophils upon Mtb infection. This metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells during Mtb infection can differentially regulate their effector functions, such as the production of cytokines and chemokines, and antimicrobial response, all of which can ultimately determine the outcome of Mtb-host interactions within the granulomas. In this review, we describe key immune cells bolstering host innate response and discuss the metabolic reprogramming in these phagocytes during Mtb infection. We focused on the major phagocytes, including macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils and the key regulators involved in metabolic reprogramming, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1, mammalian target of rapamycin, the cellular myelocytomatosis, peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors, sirtuins, arginases, inducible nitric acid synthase and sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Pooja Singh
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lanbo Shi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yuri Bushkin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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Fernandes MJS, Carletti CO, Sierra de Araújo LF, Santos RC, Reis J. Respiratory gases, air pollution and epilepsy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:604-613. [PMID: 31519304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have shown that exposure to air pollutants such as particulate matter and gases can cause cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. The severity of the changes depends on several factors such as exposure time, age and gender. Inflammation has been considered as one of the main factors associated with the generation of these diseases. Here we present some cellular mechanisms activated by air pollution that may represent risk factors for epilepsy and drug resistance associated to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J S Fernandes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - C O Carletti
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F Sierra de Araújo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Santos
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Reis
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital de Hautepierre, 1, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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Casonatto J, Enokida DM, Grandolfi K. Inter-Individual Responses to Citrulline Malate Oral Supplementation on Post-Exercise Hypotension in Hypertensives: A 24-Hour Analysis. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 113:218-228. [PMID: 31291417 PMCID: PMC6777875 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have persuasively demonstrated that citrulline has a key role in the
arginine-nitric oxide system, increasing nitric oxide bioavailability, an
important mediator of peripheral vasodilation. Objective To analyze the inter-individual post-exercise hypotension responsiveness
following acute citrulline supplementation in hypertensives. Methods Forty hypertensives were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental
groups (control-placebo, control-citrulline, exercise-placebo, and
exercise-citrulline). They ingested placebo or citrulline malate [CM] (6
grams). During the exercise session, individuals performed 40 minutes of
walking/running on a treadmill at 60-70% of HR reserve. For the control
session, the individuals remained seated at rest for 40 minutes. Office
blood pressure (BP) was taken every 10 minutes until completing 60 minutes
after the experimental session. The ambulatory BP device was programmed to
take the readings every 20 minutes (awake time) and every 30 minutes (sleep
time) over the course of 24 hours of monitoring. Statistical significance
was defined as p < 0.05. Results Unlike the other experimental groups, there were no “non-responders” in the
exercise/citrulline (EC) for “awake” (systolic and diastolic BP) and “24
hours” (diastolic BP). The effect sizes were more consistent in the EC for
systolic and diastolic ambulatorial BP response. The effects were “large”
(> 0.8) for “awake”, “asleep”, and “24 hours” only in the EC for
diastolic BP. Conclusion CM supplementation can increase the post-exercise hypotensive effects in
hypertensives. In addition, the prevalence of non-responders is lower when
associated with aerobic exercise and CM supplementation.
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Li Y, Chu Q, Liu Y, Ye X, Jiang Y, Zheng X. Radix Tetrastigma flavonoid ameliorates inflammation and prolongs the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through JNK, p38 and Nrf2 pathways. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:562-573. [PMID: 31039619 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1613534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The main flavonoid components of Radix Tetrastigma (RTF) were extracted and identified by UPLC-TOF/MS. In vitro, RTF prevented inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing morphological (both cell and nucleus) changes, and decreasing nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) contents. Exposure to LPS also leads to oxidant damage, and RTF alleviated damage to mitochondria, decreased O2- accumulation, and restored the glutathione level. RTF intervention decreased the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 phosphorylation, accompanied by downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1). In vivo, aging of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) by paraquat (PQ) was observed through lifespan, lipofuscin, and enzyme analysis. RTF protected against damage in N2 worms but not in daf-16 mutants. Gene expression was further assessed, and p38/PMK-1 and Nrf2/SKN-1 expression in worms was suppressed by PQ, which was reversed by RTF treatment. Together, these results suggested that RTF could help ameliorate inflammation-induced damage through JNK, p38 and Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglu Li
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fuli Institute of Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chu
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fuli Institute of Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fuli Institute of Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ye
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fuli Institute of Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- d Shanghai Zhengyue Enterprise Management Co, Ltd, Putuo District , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- a Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fuli Institute of Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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Ferrini MG, Abraham A, Nguyen S, Luna R, Flores M, Artaza JN, Graciano L, Rajfer J. Exogenous l-ARGININE does not stimulate production OF NO or cGMP within the rat corporal smooth muscle cells in culture. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:64-70. [PMID: 31075315 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nitric oxide (NO) is the intracellular chemical responsible for initiating a penile erection. Despite conflicting clinical data, it continues to be publicized and promoted that orally administered l-arginine, the putative substrate for NO, enhances the erectile response presumably by stimulating NO production by the corporal tissues resulting in an increase in cGMP production. To shed light on this issue, an in vitro study was conducted to explore the effect of direct exogenous administration of l-arginine as well as its precursor and metabolite, l-citrulline, on the NO-cGMP pathway within the cavernosal smooth muscle (CSM) cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS CSM cells obtained from 8 to 10 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were grown in Dulbecco media with 20% fetal calf serum and then incubated with or without l-arginine (L-ARG) or l-citrulline (L-CIT) in a time course and dose-response manner. Sildenafil (0.4 mM), IBMX (1 mM), l-NAME (3 μM), ODQ (5 μM) and Deta Nonoate (10 μM) were used as either inhibitors or stimulators of the NO-cGMP pathway. mRNA and protein were extracted and used for the determination of the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). PDE5 activity was determined by luminometry. cGMP content was determined by ELISA. Nitrite formation, an indicator of NO production, was measured in the cell culture media by a colorimetric assay. The cationic (CAT-1) and neutral (SNAT-1) amino acid transporters for L-ARG and L-CIT, respectively, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS When compared to untreated CSM cells, incubation with 0.25-4.0 mM of L-ARG or 0.3-4.8 mM of L-CIT anywhere between 3 and 24 h did not result in any additional nitrite or cGMP production. The addition of l-NAME, IBMX or ODQ to these L-ARG and L-CIT treated cells did not alter these results. L-CIT but not L-ARG increased PDE5 mRNA and protein content as well as the activity of the PDE5 enzyme. Both CAT-1 and SNAT-1 were expressed in the CSM cells. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study demonstrates that exogenous administration of L-ARG or L-CIT failed to stimulate production of either NO or cGMP by the corporal CSM cells. A re-evaluation of the presumptive role of the exogenous administration of L-ARG in improving the synthesis of NO at least at the level of the CSM cells appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Andrea Abraham
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sabine Nguyen
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Luna
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Flores
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge N Artaza
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Graciano
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Metabolic pathways of L-arginine and therapeutic consequences in tumors. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:104-110. [PMID: 30605863 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Difference in the metabolism of normal and cancer cells inspires to search for new, more specific and less toxic therapies than those currently used. The development of tumors is conditioned by genetic changes in cancer-transformed cells, immunological tolerance and immunosuppression. At the initial stages of carcinogenesis, the immune system shows anti-tumor activity, however later, cancer disrupts the function of Th1/Th17/Th2 lymphocytes by regulatory T (Treg) cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and finally causes immunosuppression. Recently, much attention has been devoted to the influence of l-arginine metabolism disorders on both carcinogenesis and the immune system. l-Arginine is essential for the maturation of the T cell receptor zeta (TCRζ), and its absence deprives T-cells of the ability to interact with tumor antigens. MDSCs deplete l-arginine due to a high expression of arginase 1 (ARG1) and their number increases 4-10 times depending on the type of the cancer. L-Arginine has been shown to be essential for the survival and progression of arginine auxotrophic tumors. However, the progression of arginine non-auxotrophic tumors is independent of exogenous l-arginine, because these tumors have arginine-succinate synthetase (ASS1) activity and are available to produce l-arginine from citrulline. Clinical studies have confirmed the high efficacy of arginine auxotrophic tumors therapy based on the elimination of l-arginine. However, l-arginine supplementation may improve the results of treatment of patients with arginine non-auxotrophic cancer. This review is an attempt to explain the seemingly contradictory results of oncological therapies based on the deprivation or supplementation of l-arginine.
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Yelins’ka AM, Akimov OY, Kostenko VO. Role of AP-1 transcriptional factor in development of oxidative and nitrosative stress in periodontal tissues during systemic inflammatory response. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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GRANDOLFI K, CAVALARI JV, GÓES RC, POLITO MD, CASONATTO J. Acute citrulline oral supplementation induces greater post-exercise hypotension response in hypertensive than normotensive individuals. REV NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652018000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate whether acute citrulline supplementation might influence post-exercise hypotension in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Methods Following a randomized double-blind design, twenty normotensive (28±7 years, 74±17kg, 1.7±0.09m) and 20 hypertensive individuals (55±12 years, 76±15kg, 1.59±0.09m) were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental groups (Normotensive-Placebo; Normotensive-Citrulline; Hypertensive-Placebo; Hypertensive-Citrulline). The placebo groups ingested 6g of corn starch and the citrulline groups ingested 6g of citrulline dissolved in water. The participants performed 40 minutes of walking/running on a treadmill at 60-70% heart rate reserve. Blood pressure was measured immediately after a 60-min exercise session using an oscillometric device and 24-h ambulatory monitoring. Results The post-exercise hypotension was more pronounced in hypertensives and the Hypertensive-Citrulline group showed a consistent systolic blood pressure reduction during the laboratorial phase, which can be seen by looking at the mean of 60 minutes (-15.01mmHg vs -3.14mmHg [P=0.005]; -4.16mmHg [P=0.009]; -6.30mmHg [P=0.033] in comparison with the Normotensive-Placebo, Normotensive-Citrulline, and Hypertensive-Placebo groups, respectively). During ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, the Hypertensive-Citrulline group showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (-21.05mmHg) in the awake period compared with the Normotensive-Citrulline group (-3.17mmHg [P=0.010]). Conclusion Acute citrulline oral supplementation can induce greater post-exercise hypotension response in hypertensive than normotensive individuals.
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Contreras-Duarte S, Carvajal L, Fuenzalida B, Cantin C, Sobrevia L, Leiva A. Maternal Dyslipidaemia in Pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Possible Impact on Foetoplacental Vascular Function and Lipoproteins in the Neonatal Circulation. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2018; 17:52-71. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666171116154247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia occurs in pregnancy to secure foetal development. The mother shows a physiological
increase in plasma total cholesterol and Triglycerides (TG) as pregnancy progresses (i.e. maternal
physiological dyslipidaemia in pregnancy). However, in some women pregnancy-associated dyslipidaemia
exceeds this physiological adaptation. The consequences of this condition on the developing
fetus include endothelial dysfunction of the foetoplacental vasculature and development of foetal aortic
atherosclerosis. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) associates with abnormal function of the foetoplacental
vasculature due to foetal hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, and associates with development
of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Supraphysiological dyslipidaemia is also detected in
GDM pregnancies. Although there are several studies showing the alteration in the maternal and neonatal
lipid profile in GDM pregnancies, there are no studies addressing the effect of dyslipidaemia in the
maternal and foetal vasculature. The literature reviewed suggests that dyslipidaemia in GDM pregnancy
should be an additional factor contributing to worsen GDM-associated endothelial dysfunction by altering
signalling pathways involving nitric oxide bioavailability and neonatal lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Contreras-Duarte
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Lorena Carvajal
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Claudette Cantin
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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Coburn LA, Singh K, Asim M, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Al-Greene NT, Hardbower DM, Polosukhina D, Williams CS, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Loss of solute carrier family 7 member 2 exacerbates inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2018; 38:1067-1079. [PMID: 30202097 PMCID: PMC6377304 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 7 member 2 (SLC7A2, also known as CAT2) is an inducible transporter of the semi-essential amino acid L-arginine (L-Arg), which has been implicated in wound repair. We have reported that both SLC7A2 expression and L-Arg availability are decreased in colonic tissues from inflammatory bowel disease patients and that mice lacking Slc7a2 exhibit a more severe disease course when exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Here, we present evidence that SLC7A2 plays a role in modulating colon tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane(AOM)-DSS model of colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC). SLC7A2 was localized predominantly to colonic epithelial cells in WT mice. Utilizing the AOM-DSS model, Slc7a2–/– mice had significantly increased tumor number, burden, and risk of high-grade dysplasia versus WT mice. Tumors from Slc7a2–/– mice exhibited significantly increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines IL-1β, CXCL1, CXCL5, IL-3, CXCL2, CCL3, and CCL4, but decreased levels of IL-4, CXCL9, and CXCL10 compared to tumors from WT mice. This was accompanied by a shift toward pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophage activation in Slc7a2-deficient mice, as marked by increased colonic CD11b+F4/80+ARG1+ cells with no alteration in CD11b+F4/80+NOS2+ cells by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. The shift toward M2 macrophage activation was confirmed in bone marrow-derived macrophages from Slc7a2–/– mice. In bone marrow chimeras between Slc7a2–/– and WT mice, the recipient genotype drove the CAC phenotype, suggesting the importance of epithelial SLC7A2 in abrogating neoplastic risk. These data reveal that SLC7A2 has a significant role in the protection from CAC in the setting of chronic colitis, and suggest that the decreased SLC7A2 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may contribute to CAC risk. Strategies to enhance L-Arg availability by supplementing L-Arg and/or increasing L-Arg uptake could represent a therapeutic approach in IBD to reduce the substantial long-term risk of colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Coburn
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kshipra Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nicole T Al-Greene
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana M Hardbower
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dina Polosukhina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Starikova EA, Sokolov AV, Burova LA, Golovin AS, Lebedeva AM, Vasilyev VB, Freidlin IS. THE ROLE OF ARGININE DEIMINASE FROM STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES IN INHIBITION MACROPHAGES NITROGEN MONOXIDE (NO) SYNTHESIS. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2018. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2018-2-211-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The protective role of macrophages closely related to the production of bactericidal molecules, in which nitrogen monoxide (NO) play an important role. Arginine serves as a substrate for inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in course of NO production. Expression and activity of iNOS are regulated by the availability of the substrate (arginine) in the intercellular space. The bacterial enzyme arginine deiminase also uses arginine as a substrate, causing its deficiency for host cells. The aim of this study was to confirm the possible role of arginine deiminase from S. pyogenes in inhibiting NO synthesis by macrophages. For this purpose, a comparative study was made of the effect on the synthesis of NO by macrophages of the products of destruction of two strains: the initial S. pyogenes M49-16 and the isogenic mutant S. pyogenes M49-16 delArcA with the inactivated arginine deiminase gene (arcA). It has been shown that the ability of S. pyogenes M49-16 to inhibit production of NO by macrophages depends on its arginine deiminase activity because the isogenous mutant of S. pyogenes M49-16 delArcA with the inactivated gene arcA has lost its ability to inhibit NO synthesis. This allows us to consider the effects of S. pyogenes M49-16 as effects of arginine deiminase. An analysis of the inhibitory mechanisms of the enzyme showed that suppression of NO synthesis was not associated with the effect of destruction products of S. pyogenes M49-16 on the viability of macrophages. According to data of flow cytometry, incubation of cells in the presence of S. pyogenes destruction products of the original and mutant strains did not affect the level of iNOS expression, i.e. did not alter synthesis or stability of this enzyme. At the same time, the decrease in NO production under the influence of the original S. pyogenes strain M49-16 correlated with a decrease in the content of arginine in the culture medium. When exogenous arginine to the culture medium was added, the effect of the original strain of the suppression of NO production was declined. This confirms that the depletion of arginine is the main mechanism of the inhibitory effect of arginine deiminase on the production of NO by macrophages. The deficiency of NO production in the course of streptococcal infection can lead to a weakening of bactericidal activity of macrophages and to a decrease in the effectiveness of antimicrobial protection.
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Benmoussa K, Garaude J, Acín-Pérez R. How Mitochondrial Metabolism Contributes to Macrophage Phenotype and Functions. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3906-3921. [PMID: 30006265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cells from the innate immune system is one of the most noteworthy topics in immunological research nowadays. Upon infection or tissue damage, innate immune cells, such as macrophages, mobilize various immune and metabolic signals to mount a response best suited to eradicate the threat. Current data indicate that both the immune and metabolic responses are closely interconnected. On account of its peculiar position in regulating both of these processes, the mitochondrion has emerged as a critical organelle that orchestrates the coordinated metabolic and immune adaptations in macrophages. Significant effort is now underway to understand how metabolic features of differentiated macrophages regulate their immune specificities with the eventual goal to manipulate cellular metabolism to control immunity. In this review, we highlight some of the recent work that place cellular and mitochondrial metabolism in a central position in the macrophage differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaddouj Benmoussa
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme, INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, CHU Pellegrin, École de Sages-Femmes, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Johan Garaude
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme, INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, CHU Pellegrin, École de Sages-Femmes, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- UCLA Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 27-200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernandez de Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Touri K, Belguendouz H, Medjeber O, Djeraba Z, Lahmar K, Touil-Boukoffa C. Propolis modulates NOS2/arginase-1 pathway in tropomyosin-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1293-1303. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tommasi S, Elliot DJ, Da Boit M, Gray SR, Lewis BC, Mangoni AA. Homoarginine and inhibition of human arginase activity: kinetic characterization and biological relevance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3697. [PMID: 29487337 PMCID: PMC5829263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of arginase, resulting in higher arginine (ARG) availability for nitric oxide synthesis, may account for the putative protective effect of homoarginine (HOMOARG) against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, uncertainty exists regarding the significance of HOMOARG-induced arginase inhibition in vivo. A novel UPLC-MS method, measuring the conversion of ARG to ornithine (ORN), was developed to determine arginase 1 and arginase 2 inhibition by HOMOARG, lysine (LYS), proline (PRO), agmatine (AG), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Plasma HOMOARG, ARG and ORN concentrations were further measured in 50 healthy older adults >65 years (27 males and 23 females). HOMOARG inhibited arginase 1 with IC50 and Ki values of 8.14 ± 0.52 mM and 6.1 ± 0.50 mM, and arginase 2 with IC50 and Ki values of 2.52 ± 0.01 mM and 1.73 ± 0.10 mM, respectively. Both arginase isoforms retained 90% activity vs. control when physiological HOMOARG concentrations (1-10 µM) were used. In partial correlation analysis, plasma HOMOARG was not associated with ARG (P = 0.38) or ARG/ORN ratio (P = 0.73) in older adults. Our results suggest that arginase inhibition is unlikely to play a significant role in the reported cardio-protective effects of HOMOARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tommasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D J Elliot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M Da Boit
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - S R Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B C Lewis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
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Eelen G, de Zeeuw P, Treps L, Harjes U, Wong BW, Carmeliet P. Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:3-58. [PMID: 29167330 PMCID: PMC5866357 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiogenic growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor). 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3-driven glycolysis generates energy to sustain competitive behavior of the ECs at the tip of a growing vessel sprout, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-controlled fatty acid oxidation regulates nucleotide synthesis and proliferation of ECs in the stalk of the sprout. To maintain vascular homeostasis, ECs rely on an intricate metabolic wiring characterized by intracellular compartmentalization, use metabolites for epigenetic regulation of EC subtype differentiation, crosstalk through metabolite release with other cell types, and exhibit EC subtype-specific metabolic traits. Importantly, maladaptation of EC metabolism contributes to vascular disorders, through EC dysfunction or excess angiogenesis, and presents new opportunities for anti-angiogenic strategies. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as newly uncovered aspects of EC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Harjes
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian W Wong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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Mandal P. Molecular signature of nitric oxide on major cancer hallmarks of colorectal carcinoma. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:331-336. [PMID: 29289998 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the one of the most important diseases throughout the world. Several aetiological risk factors, viz. sedentary life style, smoking, alcohol intake, less physical activity, red meat, and microbiota, are associated with the development of CRC. Molecular pathophysiology of CRC implies inflammation, metastasis, apotosis and angiogenesis. Inflammation involves interaction between various immune cells, inflammatory cells, chemokines, cytokines, and pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways, which may lead to signalling towards, tumour cell proliferation, growth, and invasion whereas nitric oxide (NO) has been associated with metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, this review emphasises on the potential molecular mechanisms associated with NO with alteration of cancer biomarkers during development of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Mandal
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India.
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Selby-Pham J, Lutz A, Moreno-Moyano LT, Boughton BA, Roessner U, Johnson AAT. Diurnal Changes in Transcript and Metabolite Levels during the Iron Deficiency Response of Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:14. [PMID: 28429296 PMCID: PMC5398970 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is highly susceptible to iron (Fe) deficiency due to low secretion levels of the mugineic acid (MA) family phytosiderophore (PS) 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) into the rhizosphere. The low levels of DMA secreted by rice have proved challenging to measure and, therefore, the pattern of DMA secretion under Fe deficiency has been less extensively studied relative to other graminaceous monocot species that secrete high levels of PS, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). RESULTS Gene expression and metabolite analyses were used to characterise diurnal changes occurring during the Fe deficiency response of rice. Iron deficiency inducible genes involved in root DMA biosynthesis and secretion followed a diurnal pattern with peak induction occurring 3-5 h after the onset of light; a result consistent with that of other Strategy II plant species such as barley and wheat. Furthermore, triple quadrupole mass spectrometry identified 3-5 h after the onset of light as peak time of DMA secretion from Fe-deficient rice roots. Metabolite profiling identified accumulation of amines associated with metal chelation, metal translocation and plant oxidative stress responses occurring with peak induction 10-12 h after the onset of light. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirmed that rice shares a similar peak time of Fe deficiency associated induction of DMA secretion compared to other Strategy II plant species but has less prominent daily fluctuations of DMA secretion. It also revealed metabolic changes associated with the remediation of Fe deficiency and mitigation of damage from resulting stress in rice roots. This study complements previous studies on the genetic changes in response to Fe deficiency in rice and constitutes an important advance towards our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the rice Fe deficiency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Selby-Pham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Lutz
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Berin A Boughton
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Rossi G, Cerquetella M, Scarpona S, Pengo G, Fettucciari K, Bassotti G, Jergens AE, Suchodolski JS. Effects of probiotic bacteria on mucosal polyamines levels in dogs with IBD and colonic polyps: a preliminary study. Benef Microbes 2017; 9:247-255. [PMID: 29022381 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Spermine (SPM) and its precursor putrescine (PUT), regulated by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and diamino-oxidase (DAO), are polyamines required for cell growth and proliferation. Only a few studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory and tumour inhibitory properties of probiotics on mucosal polyamine levels. We investigated the effects of a high concentration multistrain probiotic for human use on colonic polyamine biosynthesis in dogs. Histological sections (inflammatory bowel disease, n=10; polyposis, n=5) were assessed after receiving 112 to 225×109 lyophilised bacteria daily for 60 days at baseline (T0) and 30 days after treatment end (T90). Histology scores, expression of PUT, SPM, ODC and DAO, and a clinical activity index (CIBDAI) were compared at T0 and T90. In polyps, cellular proliferation (Ki-67 expression), and apoptosis (caspase-3 protein expression) were also evaluated. After treatment, in inflammatory bowel disease significant decreases were observed for CIBDAI (P=0.006) and histology scores (P<0.001); PUT, SPM and ODC expression increased (P<0.01). In polyps, a significant decrease in polyamine levels, ODC activity, and Ki-67, and a significant increase in caspase-3 positivity and DAO expression (P=0.005) was noted. Our results suggest potential anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of the probiotic mixture in polyps and inflammation, associated with reduced mucosal infiltration and up-regulation of PUT, SPM, and ODC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossi
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Macerata (MC), Italy
| | - M Cerquetella
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Macerata (MC), Italy
| | - S Scarpona
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Macerata (MC), Italy
| | - G Pengo
- 2 Clinic 'St. Antonio', Strada Statale 415, km 38,50, 26020 Madignano (CR), Italy
| | - K Fettucciari
- 3 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1-8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Bassotti
- 4 Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06156 San Sisto, Italy
| | - A E Jergens
- 5 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr., Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - J S Suchodolski
- 6 Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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