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Fuller H, Zhu Y, Nicholas J, Chatelaine HA, Drzymalla EM, Sarvestani AK, Julián-Serrano S, Tahir UA, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Raffield LM, Rahnavard A, Hua X, Shutta KH, Darst BF. Metabolomic epidemiology offers insights into disease aetiology. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1656-1672. [PMID: 37872285 PMCID: PMC11164316 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic epidemiology is the high-throughput study of the relationship between metabolites and health-related traits. This emerging and rapidly growing field has improved our understanding of disease aetiology and contributed to advances in precision medicine. As the field continues to develop, metabolomic epidemiology could lead to the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers predictive of disease risk, aiding in earlier disease detection and better prognosis. In this Review, we discuss key advances facilitated by the field of metabolomic epidemiology for a range of conditions, including cardiometabolic diseases, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19, with a focus on potential clinical utility. Core principles in metabolomic epidemiology, including study design, causal inference methods and multi-omic integration, are briefly discussed. Future directions required for clinical translation of metabolomic epidemiology findings are summarized, emphasizing public health implications. Further work is needed to establish which metabolites reproducibly improve clinical risk prediction in diverse populations and are causally related to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriett Fuller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayna Nicholas
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haley A Chatelaine
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily M Drzymalla
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Afrand K Sarvestani
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Usman A Tahir
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ali Rahnavard
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xinwei Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Katherine H Shutta
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Burcu F Darst
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Zhou Z, Zhou Y, Liu W, Dai J. A novel cuproptosis-related lncRNAs signature predicts prognostic and immune of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1148430. [PMID: 37065485 PMCID: PMC10102384 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1148430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA) remains the most common urinary system tumor, and its prognosis is poor. Cuproptosis is a recently discovered novel cell death involved in the development of tumor cells. However, the use of cuproptosis to predict the prognosis and immunity of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma remains largely unclear, and this study was designed to verify cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to estimate the prognosis and immunity of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. In our study, we first defined the expression of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in BLCA, and 10 CRGs were up- or downregulated. We then constructed a co-expression network of cuproptosis-related mRNA and long non-coding RNAs using RNA sequence data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (TCGA-BLCA), clinical features and mutation data from BLCA patients to obtain long non-coding RNAs by Pearson analysis. Afterward, univariate and multivariate COX analysis identified 21 long non-coding RNAs as independent prognostic factors and used these long non-coding RNAs to construct a prognostic model. Then, survival analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), immunoassay, and comparison of tumor mutation frequencies were performed to verify the accuracy of the constructed model, and GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis was used to verify further whether cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs were associated with biological pathways. The results showed that the model constructed with cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs could effectively evaluate the prognosis of BLCA, and these long non-coding RNAs were involved in numerous biological pathways. Finally, we performed immune infiltration, immune checkpoint and drug sensitivity analyses on four genes (TTN, ARID1A, KDM6A, RB1) that were highly mutated in the high-risk group to evaluate the immune association of risk genes with BLCA. In conclusion, the cuproptosis-related lncRNA markers constructed in this study have evaluation value for prognosis and immunity in BLCA, which can provide a certain reference for the treatment and immunity of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Dai,
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3
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Ding L, Ning S, Hu W, Xue Y, Yu S. Distinctive Metabolism-Associated Gene Clusters That Are Also Prognostic in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6595989. [PMID: 36199423 PMCID: PMC9527115 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6595989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To offer new prognostic evaluations by exploring potentially distinctive genetic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods There were 12 samples for gene expression profiling processes in this study. These included three HCC lesion samples and their matched adjacent nontumor liver tissues obtained from patients with HCC, as well as three ICC samples and their controls collected similarly. In addition to the expression matrix generated on our own, profiles of other cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were also employed in later bioinformatical analyses. Differential analyses, functional analyses, protein interaction network analyses, and gene set variation analyses were used to identify key genes. To establish the prognostic models, univariate/multivariate Cox analyses and subsequent stepwise regression were applied, with the Akaike information criterion evaluating the goodness of fitness. Results The top three pathways enriched in HCC were all metabolism-related; they were fatty acid degradation, retinol metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. In ICC, on the other hand, additional pathways related to fat digestion and absorption and cholesterol metabolism were identified. Consistent characteristics of such a metabolic landscape were observed across different cohorts. A prognostic risk score model for calculating HCC risk was constructed, consisting of ADH4, ADH6, CYP2C9, CYP4F2, and RDH16. This signature predicts the 3-year survival with an AUC area of 0.708 (95%CI = 0.644 to 0.772). For calculating the risk of ICC, a prognostic risk score model was built upon the expression levels of CYP26A1, NAT2, and UGT2B10. This signature predicts the 3-year survival with an AUC area of 0.806 (95% CI = 0.664 to 0.947). Conclusion HCC and ICC share commonly abrupted pathways associated with the metabolism of fatty acids, retinol, arachidonic acids, and drugs, indicating similarities in their pathogenesis as primary liver cancers. On the flip side, these two types of cancer possess distinctive promising biomarkers for predicting overall survival or potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Ding
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shilong Ning
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Weijian Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shi'an Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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4
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Alam W, Ullah H, Santarcangelo C, Di Minno A, Khan H, Daglia M, Arciola CR. Micronutrient Food Supplements in Patients with Gastro-Intestinal and Hepatic Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8014. [PMID: 34360782 PMCID: PMC8347237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis is the second most common cause of mortality across all types of malignancies, followed by hepatic and stomach cancers. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are key approaches to treating cancer patients, but these carry major concerns, such as a high risk of side effects, poor accessibility, and the non-selective nature of chemotherapeutics. A number of natural products have been identified as countering various forms of cancer with fewer side effects. The potential impact of vitamins and minerals on long-term health, cognition, healthy development, bone formation, and aging has been supported by experimental and epidemiological studies. Successful treatment may thus be highly influenced by the nutritional status of patients. An insufficient diet could lead to detrimental effects on immune status and tolerance to treatment, affecting the ability of chemotherapy to destroy cancerous cells. In recent decades, most cancer patients have been taking vitamins and minerals to improve standard therapy and/or to decrease the undesirable side effects of the treatment together with the underlying disease. On the other hand, taking dietary supplements during cancer therapy may affect the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Thus, micronutrients in complementary oncology must be selected appropriately and should be taken at the right time. Here, the potential impact of micronutrients on gastro-intestinal and hepatic cancers is explored and their molecular targets are laid down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (W.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (C.S.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (C.S.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (C.S.); (A.D.M.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (W.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (C.S.); (A.D.M.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Chen Y, Yang W, Chen Q, Liu Q, Liu J, Zhang Y, Li B, Li D, Nan J, Li X, Wu H, Xiang X, Peng Y, Wang J, Su S, Wang Z. Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with chronic liver disease from dynamic modular networks. J Transl Med 2021; 19:122. [PMID: 33757544 PMCID: PMC7989040 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Discovering potential predictive risks in the super precarcinomatous phase of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without any clinical manifestations is impossible under normal paradigm but critical to control this complex disease. Methods In this study, we utilized a proposed sequential allosteric modules (AMs)-based approach and quantitatively calculated the topological structural variations of these AMs. Results We found the total of 13 oncogenic allosteric modules (OAMs) among chronic hepatitis B (CHB), cirrhosis and HCC network used SimiNEF. We obtained the 11 highly correlated gene pairs involving 15 genes (r > 0.8, P < 0.001) from the 12 OAMs (the out-of-bag (OOB) classification error rate < 0.5) partial consistent with those in independent clinical microarray data, then a three-gene set (cyp1a2-cyp2c19-il6) was optimized to distinguish HCC from non-tumor liver tissues using random forests with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.973. Furthermore, we found significant inhibitory effect on the tumor growth of Bel-7402, Hep 3B and Huh7 cell lines in zebrafish treated with the compounds affected those three genes. Conclusions These findings indicated that the sequential AMs-based approach could detect HCC risk in the patients with chronic liver disease and might be applied to any time-dependent risk of cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02791-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixian Ge, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.,Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qilong Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Nan
- Shandong Danhong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Heze, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Huikun Wu
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghua Xiang
- School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yehui Peng
- School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixian Ge, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Shibing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zou L, Tan WK, Du Y, Lee HW, Liang X, Lei J, Striegel L, Weber N, Rychlik M, Ong CN. Nutritional metabolites in Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis (choy sum) at three different growth stages: Microgreen, seedling and adult plant. Food Chem 2021; 357:129535. [PMID: 33892360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Choy sum is a commonly consumed Asian green leafy brassica vegetable. A comprehensive spectrum of nutritional important metabolites, including amino acids, plant sugars, essential minerals, vitamins (A, B9, E, and K1) and glucosinolates were systematically quantified using LC-QQQ-MS, GC-QQQ-MS and ICP-MS. Significant metabolic profile shifts were observed during the three major developmental stages (microgreen, seedling and adult) studied. Primary metabolites, especially essential amino acids decreased while most plant sugars increased from microgreens to seedlings. Carotenoids, such as violaxanthin, neoxanthin, together with vitamin K1 were higher in the seedlings whereas CHO-folate vitamers and β-cryptoxanthin were much lower in adult plants. Most essential minerals were concentrated in the microgreens, while sodium increased in adult plants. Aliphatic glucosinolates in microgreens were converted to indolic glucosinolates in the seedlings and further to aromatic glucosinolates in the adults. Overall findings reveal that most of the nutritional metabolites were concentrated either in the microgreens or seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building #11-01, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Wee Kee Tan
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Hui Wen Lee
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Xu Liang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Jiajia Lei
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Lisa Striegel
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Max-von-Imhof Forum 2, DE-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nadine Weber
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Max-von-Imhof Forum 2, DE-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Max-von-Imhof Forum 2, DE-85354 Freising, Germany; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4069, Australia
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building #11-01, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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7
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Stepien M, Keski-Rahkonen P, Kiss A, Robinot N, Duarte-Salles T, Murphy N, Perlemuter G, Viallon V, Tjønneland A, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mancini FR, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Aleksandrova K, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Panico S, Tumino R, Palli D, Tagliabue G, Naccarati A, Vermeulen RCH, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Ramón Quirós J, Ardanaz E, Mokoroa O, Sala N, Sánchez MJ, Huerta JM, Winkvist A, Harlid S, Ohlsson B, Sjöberg K, Schmidt JA, Wareham N, Khaw KT, Ferrari P, Rothwell JA, Gunter M, Riboli E, Scalbert A, Jenab M. Metabolic perturbations prior to hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: Findings from a prospective observational cohort study. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:609-625. [PMID: 32734650 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development entails changes in liver metabolism. Current knowledge on metabolic perturbations in HCC is derived mostly from case-control designs, with sparse information from prospective cohorts. Our objective was to apply comprehensive metabolite profiling to detect metabolites whose serum concentrations are associated with HCC development, using biological samples from within the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (>520 000 participants), where we identified 129 HCC cases matched 1:1 to controls. We conducted high-resolution untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics on serum samples collected at recruitment prior to cancer diagnosis. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was applied controlling for dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, body size, hepatitis infection and liver dysfunction. Corrections for multiple comparisons were applied. Of 9206 molecular features detected, 220 discriminated HCC cases from controls. Detailed feature annotation revealed 92 metabolites associated with HCC risk, of which 14 were unambiguously identified using pure reference standards. Positive HCC-risk associations were observed for N1-acetylspermidine, isatin, p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, tyrosine, sphingosine, l,l-cyclo(leucylprolyl), glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid and 7-methylguanine. Inverse risk associations were observed for retinol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, glycerophosphocholine, γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman and creatine. Discernible differences for these metabolites were observed between cases and controls up to 10 years prior to diagnosis. Our observations highlight the diversity of metabolic perturbations involved in HCC development and replicate previous observations (metabolism of bile acids, amino acids and phospholipids) made in Asian and Scandinavian populations. These findings emphasize the role of metabolic pathways associated with steroid metabolism and immunity and specific dietary and environmental exposures in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stepien
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Agneta Kiss
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Perlemuter
- INSERM UMRS U996 - Intestinal Microbiota, Macrophages and Liver Inflammation, Clamart, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
- AP-HP, Hepato-gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christina C Dahm
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Faculté de médecine-Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine-UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Faculté de médecine-Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine-UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- CESP, Faculté de médecine-Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine-UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Second Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP) Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tagliabue
- Lombardy Cancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Bastiaan Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olatz Mokoroa
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Núria Sala
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program and Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anna Winkvist
- The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutrition Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
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8
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Saeed A, Hoogerland JA, Wessel H, Heegsma J, Derks TGJ, van der Veer E, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Oosterveer MH, Faber KN. Glycogen storage disease type 1a is associated with disturbed vitamin A metabolism and elevated serum retinol levels. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:264-273. [PMID: 31813960 PMCID: PMC7001719 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD Ia) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by mutations in the G6PC gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of glucose-6-phosphatase. Early symptoms include severe fasting intolerance, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly, biochemically associated with nonketotic hypoglycemia, fasting hyperlactidemia, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia. Dietary management is the cornerstone of treatment aiming at maintaining euglycemia, prevention of secondary metabolic perturbations and long-term complications, including liver (hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas), kidney and bone disease (hypovitaminosis D and osteoporosis). As impaired vitamin A homeostasis also associates with similar symptoms and is coordinated by the liver, we here analysed whether vitamin A metabolism is affected in GSD Ia patients and liver-specific G6pc−/− knock-out mice. Serum levels of retinol and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were significantly increased in both GSD Ia patients and L-G6pc−/− mice. In contrast, hepatic retinol levels were significantly reduced in L-G6pc−/− mice, while hepatic retinyl palmitate (vitamin A storage form) and RBP4 levels were not altered. Transcript and protein analyses indicate an enhanced production of retinol and reduced conversion the retinoic acids (unchanged LRAT, Pnpla2/ATGL and Pnpla3 up, Cyp26a1 down) in L-G6pc−/− mice. Aberrant expression of genes involved in vitamin A metabolism was associated with reduced basal messenger RNA levels of markers of inflammation (Cd68, Tnfα, Nos2, Il-6) and fibrosis (Col1a1, Acta2, Tgfβ, Timp1) in livers of L-G6pc−/− mice. In conclusion, GSD Ia is associated with elevated serum retinol and RBP4 levels, which may contribute to disease symptoms, including osteoporosis and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Joanne A Hoogerland
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Wessel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette Heegsma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Liver Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline van der Veer
- Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008.,Universite de Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008.,Universite de Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Pan Q, Shen M, Yu T, Yang X, Li Q, Zhao B, Zou J, Zhang M. Liquid chromatography as candidate reference method for the determination of vitamins A and E in human serum. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23528. [PMID: 33090556 PMCID: PMC7755822 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the increasing interest in public health research of antioxidant micronutrients and the inaccuracy of routine serum concentrations of the fat-soluble vitamins A (retinol) and E (DL-α-tocopherol) measurements, we developed a reliable, highly sensitive, robust and rapid method for the quantification of two clinically important lipophilic antioxidants in serum using a reverse-phase HPLC/DAD method. METHOD Sample preparation and analytical conditions that would affect extraction efficiency and quantitative results of vitamins A and E were investigated and optimized. Vitamins A and E were extracted from serum via liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). After adequate sample preparation, the samples were injected directly into the HPLC system with diode-array detector (DAD). Chromatographic separation was completed in 7 minutes for vitamins A and E. With vitamin A acetate and vitamin E acetate as internal standards, the method was applied to the measurement of vitamins A and E in human serum. RESULTS We evaluated method linearity, accuracy (recovery rate and trueness), precision, carryover, limit of quantitation and limit of detection, and measurement uncertainty. The method was evaluated for trueness using NIST Standard Reference Material SRM 968f. The serum concentration of the studied compounds had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.05 ~ 3.0 μg/mL concentration (r = 0.9998), with 0.0077 μg/mL detection limit and 0.025 μg/mL quantitative limit for vitamin A, respectively, and 1.0 ~ 60.0 μg/mL concentration (r = 0.9999), with 0.40 μg/mL detection limit and 0.50 μg/mL quantitative limit for vitamin E, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were calculated by using three concentrations (1, 2, and 3) of the studied compounds in human serum samples. Intra-assay and inter-assay precision were 1.23%-4.97% and 0.97%-3.79% for vitamin A, respectively, and 0.64%-4.07% and 0.81%-5.96% for vitamin E, respectively. The average recovery rates were 100.98% for vitamin A, and 99.21% for vitamin E, respectively. The carryover rate of vitamins A and E was below 1%. As for the evaluation of accuracy, the biases were <± 5% by comparing with NIST standard reference material SRM 968f. CONCLUSION The method is a simple sample treatment procedure for the determination of fat-soluble vitamins A and E in human serum with high sensitivity and specificity. The proposed method could be recommended as a candidate reference method for the determination of serum concentrations of the fat-soluble vitamins A and E in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Pan
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
| | - Min Shen
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Shijitan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ting Yu
- Division of In Vitro Diagnostics for Non‐infectious diseasesNational Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
| | - Quanle Li
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Independent Clinical LaboratoryGuangzhou Kingmed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd.GuangzhouChina
| | - Jihua Zou
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Shijitan HospitalBeijingChina
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10
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Hada M, Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D. Serum Retinol and Risk of Overall and Site-Specific Cancer in the ATBC Study. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:532-542. [PMID: 31612201 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol, the most biologically active form of vitamin A, might influence cancer-related biological pathways. However, results from observational studies of serum retinol and cancer risk have been mixed. We prospectively examined serum retinol and risk of overall and site-specific cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (n = 29,104 men), conducted in 1985-1993, with follow-up through 2012. Serum retinol concentration was measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the association between baseline serum retinol quintile and overall and site-specific cancer risk in 10,789 cases. After multivariable adjustment, higher serum retinol was not associated with overall cancer risk (highest vs. lowest quintile: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 1.03; P for trend = 0.43). Higher retinol concentrations were, however, associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (highest vs. lowest quintile: HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.45; P for trend < 0.0001) and lower risk of both liver and lung cancers (highest vs. lowest quintile: for liver, HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.91; P for trend = 0.004; and for lung, HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.88; P for trend < 0.0001). No associations with other cancers were observed. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie these associations might provide insight into the role of vitamin A in cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manila Hada
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at late stages with poor prognosis; thus, identification of modifiable risk factors for primary prevention of liver cancer is urgently needed. The well-established risk factors of liver cancer include chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), heavy alcohol consumption, metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, and aflatoxin exposure. However, a large proportion of cancer cases worldwide cannot be explained by current known risk factors. Dietary factors have been suspected as important, but dietary aetiology of liver cancer remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarised and evaluated the observational studies of diet including single nutrients, food and food groups, as well as dietary patterns with the risk of developing liver cancer. Although there are large knowledge gaps between diet and liver cancer risk, current epidemiological evidence supports an important role of diet in liver cancer development. For example, exposure to aflatoxin, heavy alcohol drinking and possibly dairy product (not including yogurt) intake increase, while intake of coffee, fish and tea, light-to-moderate alcohol drinking and several healthy dietary patterns (e.g. Alternative Healthy Eating Index) may decrease liver cancer risk. Future studies with large sample size and accurate diet measurement are warranted and need to consider issues such as the possible aetiological heterogeneity between liver cancer subtypes, the influence of chronic HBV or HCV infection, the high-risk populations (e.g. cirrhosis) and a potential interplay with host gut microbiota or genetic variations.
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12
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Zhang DM, Luo Y, Yishake D, Liu ZY, He TT, Luo Y, Zhang YJ, Fang AP, Zhu HL. Prediagnostic dietary intakes of vitamin A and β-carotene are associated with hepatocellular-carcinoma survival. Food Funct 2020; 11:759-767. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its precursor (β-carotene) have been linked with cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-ming Zhang
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dinuerguli Yishake
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-tong He
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
- Guangzhou 510060
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
| | - Ai-ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
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13
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Gong Y, Dong F, Geng Y, Zhuang H, Ma Z, Zhou Z, Huang B, Sun Z, Hou B. Selenium concentration, dietary intake and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma - A systematic review with meta-analysis. NUTR HOSP 2019; 36:1430-1437. [PMID: 31718210 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: this study was performed to investigate the association between selenium concentrations, dietary intake, and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: we identified eligible studies in PubMed and EMBASE databases, in addition to the reference lists of original studies and review articles on this topic, up to 1 Feb 2019. A summary of standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran Q and I2 statistics. Results: finally, a meta-analysis showed that dietary intake of selenium and tissue selenium concentration were not associated with HCC risk (dietary SMD = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.26 to 0.03; tissue SMD = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.56 to 0.33). However, samples from toenail, whole blood, and serum all showed an inverse association with HCC risk (toenail SMD = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.35; whole blood SMD = -2.21, 95% CI: -2.67 to -1.76; tissue SMD = -1.26, 95% CI: -1.71 to -0.81). Dose-response data from few studies showed that an extra increase in serum selenium was dramatically related with a lower risk of HCC (adjusted p-trend < 0.05). This study showed that selenium concentration in toenail, whole blood and serum was inversely associated with HCC risk. Conclusion: increased concentration in serum selenium was related to a lower risk of HCC. However, these results based on dietary intake and tissue samples, which included few studies, did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Fengying Dong
- the Forth Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | | | - Zuyi Ma
- Shantou University Medical College
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Bowen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Zhonghai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
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14
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Yuan JM, Grouls M, Carmella SG, Wang R, Heskin A, Jiang Y, Tan YT, Adams-Haduch J, Gao YT, Hecht SS. Prediagnostic levels of urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin E2 metabolite, biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:989-997. [PMID: 30615102 PMCID: PMC7967701 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a nested case-control study of 347 HCC cases and 691 matched controls within a prospective cohort of 18 244 Chinese men in Shanghai, China. The concentrations of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolite (PGE-M), a biomarker of the inflammation mediator PGE2, were determined in baseline urine samples using validated mass spectrometry assays. 8-epi-PGF2α levels were significantly higher in HCC cases than control subjects (geometric means 0.92 versus 0.80 pmol/mg creatinine, P < 0.001). The relative risks of developing HCC for the highest relative to the lowest quartile of 8-epi-PGF2α were 2.55 (95% confidence interval = 1.62-4.01, Ptrend < 0.001). This positive 8-epi-PGF2α-HCC risk association was independent of smoking status, alcohol consumption and hepatitis B or liver cirrhosis and was present 10 years before the clinical manifestation of HCC. This study did not find any significant association between urinary PEG-M and HCC risk. This study provides direct evidence in support of the critical role of oxidative stress in the development of HCC regardless of its underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Menno Grouls
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alisa Heskin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yang Jiang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Adams-Haduch
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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Association of plasma retinol levels with incident cancer risk in Chinese hypertensive adults: a nested case-control study. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:293-300. [PMID: 31352906 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451900120x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between plasma retinol and incident cancer among Chinese hypertensive adults. We conducted a nested case-control study, including 231 patients with incident cancer and 231 matched controls during a median 4·5-year follow-up of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. There was a significant, inverse association between retinol levels and digestive system cancer (per 10 μg/dl increases: OR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·91). When compared with participants in the first quartile of retinol (< 52·3 μg/dl), a significantly lower cancer risk was found in participants in quartile 2-4 ( ≥ 52·3 μg/dl: OR 0·31; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·71). However, there was a U-shaped association between retinol levels and non-digestive system cancers where the risk of cancers decreased (although not significantly) with each increment of plasma retinol (per 10 μg/dl increases: OR 0·89; 95 % CI 0·60, 1·31) in participants with retinol < 68·2 μg/dl, and then increased significantly with retinol (per 10 μg/dl increase: OR 1·65; 95 % CI 1·12, 2·44) in participants with retinol ≥ 68·2 μg/dl. In conclusion, there was a significant inverse dose-response association between plasma retinol and the risk of digestive system cancers. However, a U-shaped association was observed between plasma retinol and the risk of non-digestive cancers (with a turning point approximately 68·2 μg/dl).
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16
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Approaches and Methods to Measure Oxidative Stress in Clinical Samples: Research Applications in the Cancer Field. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1279250. [PMID: 30992736 PMCID: PMC6434272 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1279250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are common by-products of normal aerobic cellular metabolism and play important physiological roles in intracellular cell signaling and homeostasis. The human body is equipped with antioxidant systems to regulate the levels of these free radicals and maintain proper physiological function. However, a condition known as oxidative stress (OS) occurs, when ROS overwhelm the body's ability to readily detoxify them. Excessive amounts of free radicals generated under OS conditions cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, severely compromising cell health and contributing to disease development, including cancer. Biomarkers of OS can therefore be exploited as important tools in the assessment of disease status in humans. In the present review, we discuss different approaches used for the evaluation of OS in clinical samples. The described methods are limited in their ability to reflect on OS only partially, revealing the need of more integrative approaches examining both pro- and antioxidant reactions with higher sensitivity to physiological/pathological alternations. We also provide an overview of recent findings of OS in patients with different types of cancer. Identification of OS biomarkers in clinical samples of cancer patients and defining their roles in carcinogenesis hold great promise in promoting the development of targeted therapeutic approaches and diagnostic strategies assessing disease status. However, considerable data variability across laboratories makes it difficult to draw general conclusions on the significance of these OS biomarkers. To our knowledge, no adequate comparison has yet been performed between different biomarkers and the methodologies used to measure them, making it difficult to conduct a meta-analysis of findings from different groups. A critical evaluation and adaptation of proposed methodologies available in the literature should therefore be undertaken, to enable the investigators to choose the most suitable procedure for each chosen biomarker.
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17
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Mou Y, Wang D, Xing R, Nie H, Mou Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Identification of long noncoding RNAs biomarkers in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 23:95-106. [PMID: 29991128 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancer worldwide and chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serve as one of leading causes of HCC. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the novel long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) biomarkers for HBV-associated HCC. METHODS The lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of HCC patients with HBV infection were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between HCC and adjacent tissues were identified. The optimal diagnostic and prognostic lncRNA biomarkers for HCC were identified by using feature selection procedure and classification model. Functional annotation of DEmRNAs co-expressed with these lncRNAs biomarkers were performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analysis of these lncRNAs biomarkers were performed. qRT-PCR validation was performed. RESULTS A total of 82 DElncRNAs and 805 DEmRNAs between HBV-associated HCC and normal tissues were identified. CAPN10-AS1, LINC01093, RP5-890E16.2, FENDRR and C17orf82 were selected as optimal diagnostic and prognostic lncRNA biomarkers for HBV-associated HCC that were co-expressed with 105, 86, 70, 30 and 1 DEmRNAs, respectively. Based on the DEmRNAs co-expressed with these five lncRNAs biomarkers, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and retinol metabolism were two significantly enriched pathways. The result in qRT-PCR validation were consistent with our analysis based on TCGA, generally. CONCLUSIONS This study identified five potential lncRNAs biomarkers for HBV-associated HCC with great diagnostic and prognostic value and provided clues for their functions in HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Mou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongguo Wang
- Department of Clinical Lab Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renwei Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanqiu Nie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiping Mou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhejiang People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianfei Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Leelakanok N, D'Cunha RR, Sutamtewagul G, Schweizer ML. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between vitamin A intake, serum vitamin A, and risk of liver cancer. Nutr Health 2018; 24:121-131. [PMID: 29792083 DOI: 10.1177/0260106018777170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence supports that vitamin A decreases the risk of several types of cancer. However, the association between vitamin A and liver cancer is inconclusive. AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the existing literature, discussing the association between vitamin A intake, serum vitamin A, and liver cancer in adult populations. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed by searching the EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and International Pharmaceutical Abstract databases using terms related to vitamin A (e.g. retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin) and hepatic cancer without applying any time restriction. A meta-analysis was performed using random effect models. RESULTS The meta-analysis of five studies showed no association between serum retinol and liver cancer (pooled risk ratio = 1.90 (0.40-9.02); n = 5 studies, I2 = 92%). In addition, the systematic review of studies from 1955 to July 2017 found studies that indicated no association between the intake and serum level of α-carotene ( n = 2) and β-cryptoxanthin ( n = 1) and the risk of liver cancer. Further, the associations between retinol intake ( n = 3), β-carotene intake ( n = 3), or serum β-carotene ( n = 3) and liver cancer were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Current information on the association between vitamin A intake and liver cancer or serum vitamin A and liver cancer are limited. Most studies demonstrated no association between dietary vitamin A and the risk of liver cancer. However, the finding was based on a small number of studies with potential publication bias. Therefore, large observational studies should be conducted to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Leelakanok
- 1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Marin L Schweizer
- 3 Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, USA.,4 College of Public Health, University of Iowa, USA.,5 Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, USA
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Involvement of MAFB and MAFF in Retinoid-Mediated Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051450. [PMID: 29757260 PMCID: PMC5983688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids exert antitumor effects through the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). In the present study, we sought to identify the factors involved in the RARα-mediated transcriptional regulation of the tumor suppressor gene and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) was used in the in vitro experiments. Cell invasiveness was measured using trans-well invasion assay. ATRA significantly increased TFPI2 expression through RARα in a human HCC cell line known as HuH7. TFPI2 was vital in the ATRA-mediated suppression of HuH7 cell invasion. The musculo-aponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB) significantly enhanced the activation of the TFPI2 promoter via RARα while MAFF inhibited it. The knockdown of RARα or MAFB counteracted the ATRA-mediated suppression of HuH7 cell invasion while the knockdown of MAFF inhibited the invasion. TFPI2 expression in HCC tissues was significantly downregulated possibly due to the decreased expression of RARβ and MAFB. Patients with HCC expressing low MAFB and high MAFF levels showed the shortest disease-free survival time. These results suggest that MAFB and MAFF play critical roles in the antitumor effects of retinoids by regulating the expression of retinoid target genes such as TFPI2 and can be promising for developing therapies to combat HCC invasion.
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Yang Y, Lu Q, Shao X, Mo B, Nie X, Liu W, Chen X, Tang Y, Deng Y, Yan J. Development Of A Three-Gene Prognostic Signature For Hepatitis B Virus Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based On Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:1989-2002. [PMID: 29896284 PMCID: PMC5995946 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of public genome-wide gene expression data together with Cox regression analysis is a powerful weapon to identify new prognostic gene signatures for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, it remains largely unknown about the specific gene prognostic signature of HBV-associated HCC. Using Robust Rank Aggreg (RRA) method to integrate seven whole genome expression datasets, we identified 82 up-regulated genes and 577 down-regulated genes in HBV-associated HCC patients. Combination of several enrichment analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, we revealed that a three-gene (SPP2, CDC37L1, and ECHDC2) prognostic signature could act as an independent prognostic indicator for HBV-associated HCC in both the discovery cohort and the internal testing cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the high-risk group with lower expression levels of the three genes was enriched in bladder cancer and cell cycle pathway, whereas the low-risk group with higher expression levels of the three genes was enriched in drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid and histidine metabolisms. This indicates that patients of HBV-associated HCC with higher expression of these three genes may preserve relatively good hepatic cellular metabolism and function, which may also protect HCC patients from persistent drug toxicity in response to various medication. Our findings suggest a three-gene prognostic model that serves as a specific prognostic signature for HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xuejun Shao
- Brigade 315th of Territorial Defense Force, Chinese People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Xishuangbanna District, Yunan 666200, China
| | - Banghui Mo
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Health Physical Examination Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xianhua Chen
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Servicemen, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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Vinceti M, Filippini T, Del Giovane C, Dennert G, Zwahlen M, Brinkman M, Zeegers MPA, Horneber M, D'Amico R, Crespi CM. Selenium for preventing cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 1:CD005195. [PMID: 29376219 PMCID: PMC6491296 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005195.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is the third update of the Cochrane review "Selenium for preventing cancer". Selenium is a naturally occurring element with both nutritional and toxicological properties. Higher selenium exposure and selenium supplements have been suggested to protect against several types of cancer. OBJECTIVES To gather and present evidence needed to address two research questions:1. What is the aetiological relationship between selenium exposure and cancer risk in humans?2. Describe the efficacy of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in humans. SEARCH METHODS We updated electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 2), MEDLINE (Ovid, 2013 to January 2017, week 4), and Embase (2013 to 2017, week 6), as well as searches of clinical trial registries. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies that enrolled adult participants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We performed random-effects (RE) meta-analyses when two or more RCTs were available for a specific outcome. We conducted RE meta-analyses when five or more observational studies were available for a specific outcome. We assessed risk of bias in RCTs and in observational studies using Cochrane's risk assessment tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. We considered in the primary analysis data pooled from RCTs with low risk of bias. We assessed the certainty of evidence by using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 83 studies in this updated review: two additional RCTs (10 in total) and a few additional trial reports for previously included studies. RCTs involved 27,232 participants allocated to either selenium supplements or placebo. For analyses of RCTs with low risk of bias, the summary risk ratio (RR) for any cancer incidence was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 1.10; 3 studies, 19,475 participants; high-certainty evidence). The RR for estimated cancer mortality was 1.02 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.30; 1 study, 17,444 participants). For the most frequently investigated site-specific cancers, investigators provided little evidence of any effect of selenium supplementation. Two RCTs with 19,009 participants indicated that colorectal cancer was unaffected by selenium administration (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.43), as were non-melanoma skin cancer (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.30 to 4.42; 2 studies, 2027 participants), lung cancer (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.50; 2 studies, 19,009 participants), breast cancer (RR 2.04, 95% CI 0.44 to 9.55; 1 study, 802 participants), bladder cancer (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.52; 2 studies, 19,009 participants), and prostate cancer (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.14; 4 studies, 18,942 participants). Certainty of the evidence was high for all of these cancer sites, except for breast cancer, which was of moderate certainty owing to imprecision, and non-melanoma skin cancer, which we judged as moderate certainty owing to high heterogeneity. RCTs with low risk of bias suggested increased melanoma risk.Results for most outcomes were similar when we included all RCTs in the meta-analysis, regardless of risk of bias. Selenium supplementation did not reduce overall cancer incidence (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.14; 5 studies, 21,860 participants) nor mortality (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.32; 2 studies, 18,698 participants). Summary RRs for site-specific cancers showed limited changes compared with estimates from high-quality studies alone, except for liver cancer, for which results were reversed.In the largest trial, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Trial, selenium supplementation increased risks of alopecia and dermatitis, and for participants with highest background selenium status, supplementation also increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. RCTs showed a slightly increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with supplementation. A hypothesis generated by the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial - that individuals with low blood selenium levels could reduce their risk of cancer (particularly prostate cancer) by increasing selenium intake - has not been confirmed. As RCT participants have been overwhelmingly male (88%), we could not assess the potential influence of sex or gender.We included 15 additional observational cohort studies (70 in total; over 2,360,000 participants). We found that lower cancer incidence (summary odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.93; 7 studies, 76,239 participants) and lower cancer mortality (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97; 7 studies, 183,863 participants) were associated with the highest category of selenium exposure compared with the lowest. Cancer incidence was lower in men (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.14, 4 studies, 29,365 men) than in women (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.77, 2 studies, 18,244 women). Data show a decrease in risk of site-specific cancers for stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, bladder, and prostate cancers. However, these studies have major weaknesses due to study design, exposure misclassification, and potential unmeasured confounding due to lifestyle or nutritional factors covarying with selenium exposure beyond those taken into account in multi-variable analyses. In addition, no evidence of a dose-response relation between selenium status and cancer risk emerged. Certainty of evidence was very low for each outcome. Some studies suggested that genetic factors might modify the relation between selenium and cancer risk - an issue that merits further investigation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Well-designed and well-conducted RCTs have shown no beneficial effect of selenium supplements in reducing cancer risk (high certainty of evidence). Some RCTs have raised concerns by reporting a higher incidence of high-grade prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes in participants with selenium supplementation. No clear evidence of an influence of baseline participant selenium status on outcomes has emerged in these studies.Observational longitudinal studies have shown an inverse association between selenium exposure and risk of some cancer types, but null and direct relations have also been reported, and no systematic pattern suggesting dose-response relations has emerged. These studies suffer from limitations inherent to the observational design, including exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding.Overall, there is no evidence to suggest that increasing selenium intake through diet or supplementation prevents cancer in humans. However, more research is needed to assess whether selenium may modify the risk of cancer in individuals with a specific genetic background or nutritional status, and to investigate possible differential effects of various forms of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of Epidemiology715 Albany StreetBoston, MAUSA02118
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaResearch Center in Environmental, Nutritional and Genetic Epidemiology (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaResearch Center in Environmental, Nutritional and Genetic Epidemiology (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- University of BernInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM)Gesellschaftsstrasse 49BernSwitzerland3012
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaCochrane Italy, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo, 71ModenaItaly41100
| | - Gabriele Dennert
- University of Applied Sciences DortmundSocial Medicine and Public Health with Focus on Gender and Diversity, Department of Applied Social SciencesEmil‐Figge‐Str. 44DortmundGermanyD‐44227
| | - Marcel Zwahlen
- University of BernInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)Finkelhubelweg11BernSwitzerland3012
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Nutrition Biomed Research InstituteDepartment of Nutritional Epidemiology and Clinical StudiesArgyle Place SouthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3053
- Chairgroup of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Care and Public Health Research InstituteUnit of Nutritional and Cancer EpidemiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | | | - Markus Horneber
- Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum NurembergDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and HematologyProf.‐Ernst‐Nathan‐Str. 1NurembergGermanyD‐90419
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaCochrane Italy, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo, 71ModenaItaly41100
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- University of California Los AngelesBiostatisticsFielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive South, A2‐125 CHS, Box 956900Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA90095‐6900
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Huang JY, Wang R, Gao YT, Yuan JM. ABO blood type and the risk of cancer - Findings from the Shanghai Cohort Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184295. [PMID: 28880901 PMCID: PMC5589178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABO blood type is an inherited characteristic. The associations between ABO blood type and risk of all cancer and specific cancers were examined in a prospective cohort study of 18,244 Chinese men enrolled in 1986. During the 25 years of follow-up, 3,973 men developed cancer including 964 lung cancers, 624 colorectal cancers, 560 gastric cancers, 353 liver cancers, and 172 urinary bladder cancers. Hazard ratios (HR) for all cancer and specific cancers by ABO blood type were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Compared with blood type A, blood type B was associated with statistically significant reduced risk of all cancers (HR, 0.91, 95% CI:0.84, 0.99). Both blood types B and AB were associated with significantly lower risk of gastrointestinal cancer and colorectal cancer, respectively. Blood type B was also associated with significantly lower risk of stomach cancer and bladder cancer, while blood type AB was associated with significantly increased risk of liver cancer. By histological type, blood types B and AB were associated with lower risk of epidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, but were not associated with risk of sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia or other cell types of cancer. The findings of this study support a role of genetic traits related to ABO blood type in the development of cancers in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Yongxu Huang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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23
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Koumbi L. Dietary factors can protect against liver cancer development. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:119-125. [PMID: 28217247 PMCID: PMC5295144 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) representing more than 90% of primary liver cancers. Most HCC patients are also suffering from chronic liver disease (CLD). Evidence is emerging that the composition of diet plays an important role in HCC and CLD development and may also have a chemoprotective role. In contrast to other types of cancer, there are few studies investigating the role of diet in hepatocarcinogenesis. From the available data it is evident that high intakes of red meat and dietary sugar positively correlate with HCC occurrence. On the contrary, high consumption of white meat, fish, vegetables, fruits and cereals are inversely associated with HCC risk. This letter discusses the potential role of dietary interventions in the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis. The increasing HCC incidence and its high fatality are making HCC prevention an urgent matter. Dietary modifications are found to offer protection against HCC, however, new studies from well-designed and large prospective trials are required to confirm these results.
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Lan QY, Zhang YJ, Liao GC, Zhou RF, Zhou ZG, Chen YM, Zhu HL. The Association between Dietary Vitamin A and Carotenes and the Risk of Primary Liver Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:E624. [PMID: 27727160 PMCID: PMC5084012 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of vitamin A (VA) and carotenes has shown beneficial effects for decreasing the risk of some types of cancer, but findings on the risk of primary liver cancer (PLC) are inconsistent. This case-control study explored the associations between the dietary intake of VA and carotenes and the risk of PLC. We recruited 644 incident PLC patients (diagnosed within one month of each other) and 644 age- and gender-matched controls in Guangzhou, China. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess habitual dietary intake. Logistic regression analyses found that higher intakes of VA and carotenes were independently associated with decreased PLC risk (all P-trend < 0.001). The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CI) of PLC for the highest (vs. lowest) quartile were 0.34 (0.24-0.48) for vitamin A and 0.35 (0.25-0.49) for carotenes. The associations were not significantly modified by smoking, alcohol, or tea drinking (P-interactions: 0.062-0.912). Dose-response analysis showed a U-shaped VA-PLC relationship, with sharply decreased risks at the intakes of about 1000 μg retinol equivalent (RE)/day, and then slowly went down toward the flat-bottomed risks with the lowest risk at 2300 μg RE/day. Our findings suggest that greater intake of retinol, carotenes, and total VA may decrease PLC risk among the Chinese population at an intake of 1000 μg RE/day or greater from food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ye Lan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Gong-Cheng Liao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rui-Fen Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhong-Guo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Oyama K, Kanki K, Shimizu H, Kono Y, Azumi J, Toriguchi K, Hatano E, Shiota G. Impact of Preferentially Expressed Antigen of Melanoma on the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastrointest Tumors 2016; 3:128-135. [PMID: 28611979 DOI: 10.1159/000448137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoids, vitamin A and its derivatives, have an antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The function of retinoids is exerted by the complex of retinoic acid (RA) with the heterodimer of retinoid X receptor and the RA receptor. The preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) acts as a dominant repressor of RA signaling by binding to the complex. The significance of PRAME on the prognosis of HCC remains to be clarified. METHODS PRAME mRNA expression was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in both tumor and non-tumor tissues of 100 HCC patients who received surgical resection. The effect of PRAME knockdown on DR5-mediated RA transcriptional activity was examined. RESULTS In tumor tissues, there were significant associations among PRAME expression, clinical stage, tumor markers, and tumor numbers. In non-tumor tissues, there were significant associations among PRAME expression, overall survival, and disease-free survival. The knockdown of PRAME caused no reduction in DR5-mediated transcriptional activity of RA, suggesting that PRAME acts via other mechanisms than the DR5 RA-responsive elements. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that PRAME expression is a novel prognostic marker in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Oyama
- Tottori University Hospital Cancer Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Keita Kanki
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yohei Kono
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Junya Azumi
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kan Toriguchi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Kataria Y, Deaton RJ, Enk E, Jin M, Petrauskaite M, Dong L, Goldenberg JR, Cotler SJ, Jensen DM, van Breemen RB, Gann PH. Retinoid and carotenoid status in serum and liver among patients at high-risk for liver cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:30. [PMID: 26927700 PMCID: PMC4772305 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 2.7 million Americans are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV patients with cirrhosis form the largest group of persons at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Increased oxidative stress is regarded as a major mechanism of HCV-related liver disease progression. Deficiencies in retinoid and carotenoid antioxidants may represent a major modifiable risk factor for disease progression. This study aims to identify key predictors of serum antioxidant levels in patients with HCV, to examine the relationship between retinoid/carotenoid concentrations in serum and hepatic tissue, to quantify the association between systemic measures of oxidative stress and antioxidant status, and to examine the relationship between retinoids and stellate cell activation. Methods Patients undergoing liver biopsy (n = 69) provided fasting blood, fresh tissue, urine and completed a diet history questionnaire. Serum and questionnaire data from healthy volunteers (n = 11), normal liver tissue from public repositories and patients without liver disease (n = 11) were also collected. Urinary isoprostanes, serum and tissue retinoid concentrations were obtained by UHPLC-MS-MS. Immunohistochemistry for αSMA was performed on FFPE sections and subsequently quantified via digital image analysis. Associations between urinary isoprostanes, αSMA levels, and retinoids were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients and non-parametric tests were utilized to test differences among disease severity groups. Results There was a significant inverse association between serum retinol, lycopene, and RBP4 concentrations with fibrosis stage. Serum β-carotene and lycopene were strongly associated with their respective tissue concentrations. There was a weak downward trend of tissue retinyl palmitate with increasing fibrosis stage. Tissue retinyl palmitate was inversely and significantly correlated with hepatic αSMA expression, a marker for hepatic stellate cell activation (r = −0.31, P < 0.02). Urinary isoprostanes levels were inversely correlated with serum retinol, β-carotene, and RBP4. Conclusions A decrease in serum retinol, β-carotene, and RBP4 is associated with early stage HCV. Retinoid and carotenoid levels decline as disease progresses, and our data suggest that this decline occurs early in the disease process, even before fibrosis is apparent. Measures of oxidative stress are associated with fibrosis stage and concurrent antioxidant depletion. Vitamin A loss is accompanied by stellate cell activation in hepatic tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0432-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Kataria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ryan J Deaton
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Erika Enk
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Milita Petrauskaite
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Linlin Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph R Goldenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Scott J Cotler
- Department of Hepatology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Donald M Jensen
- Center for Liver Diseases, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Peter H Gann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Andrade Júnior MCD, Souza Andrade J, Souza Costa SD. Biochemical Changes of Cubiu Fruits (<i>Solanum sessiliflorum</i> Dunal, Solanaceae) According to Different Tissue Portions and Ripening Stages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2016.712111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A New Method to Simultaneously Quantify the Antioxidants: Carotenes, Xanthophylls, and Vitamin A in Human Plasma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:9268531. [PMID: 26697143 PMCID: PMC4677241 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9268531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple and accurate reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for simultaneously determining and quantifying the antioxidants carotenes, xanthophylls, and retinol in human plasma is presented in this paper. Compounds were extracted with hexane, a C30 column, and a mobile phase of methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and water were used for the separation of the compounds. A total of 8 carotenoids, 3 Z-β-carotene isomers, and 1 fat-soluble vitamin (retinol) were resolved within 72 min at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Detection was achieved at 450 nm for carotenoids and 330 nm for retinol. To evaluate the effectiveness of themethod, it has been applied to an intervention study conducted on eight volunteers. Results. Limits of detection were between 0.1 μg/mL for lycopene and astaxanthin and 1.3 μg/mL for 15-Z-β-carotene. Recoveries were ranged between 89% and 113% for α-carotene and astaxanthin, respectively. Accuracy was between 90.7% and 112.2% and precision was between 1% and 15% RSD. In human plasma samples compounds studied were identified besides three lycopene isomers, demonstrated to be suitable for application in dietary intervention studies. Conclusions. Due to its accuracy, precision, selectivity, and reproducibility, this method is suitable to dietary habits and/or antioxidants status studies.
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Alcohol consumption and liver cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1205-31. [PMID: 26134046 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol is a confirmed risk factor of liver cancer. Yet, its dose-response function and synergistic effects with other risk factors remain unclear. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis on publications up to May 2014. A total of 112 publications were identified. The meta-relative risk (mRR) and the dose-response trend were calculated. Tests for heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses were performed. The synergy index (SI) was recorded or calculated, whenever possible. RESULTS Compared to individuals who never drank or drank at very low frequencies, the mRR for ever drinkers was 1.29 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.16-1.42) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.27-1.65) for case-control studies, and 1.07 (95% CI 0.87-1.27) for cohort studies. Being a current drinker was associated with an increased liver cancer risk in case-control studies (mRR = 1.55, 95% CI 0.38-2.73), but not in cohort studies (mRR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.74-0.97). The dose-response relation between alcohol and liver cancer was apparent with RR = 1.08 (95% CI 1.04-1.11) for 12 g/day (~1 drink), 1.54 (95% CI 1.36-1.74) for 50 g/day, 2.14 (95% CI 1.74-2.62) for 75 g/day, 3.21 (95% CI 2.34-4.40) for 100 g/day, and 5.20 (95% CI 3.25-8.29) for 125 g/day of alcohol consumption. There were synergistic effects of alcohol consumption with hepatitis (S = 2.14, 95% CI 1.31-2.98) and with diabetes (S = 3.57, 95% CI 2.29-4.84) on the risk of liver cancer, although this may be subject to publication bias. CONCLUSION Overall, one alcoholic drink per day (~12 g/day) may be associated with a 1.1 times higher liver cancer risk. Further studies on the synergistic effects of alcohol consumption and other major risk factors are warranted.
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Butler LM, Huang JY, Wang R, Lee MJ, Yang CS, Gao YT, Yuan JM. Urinary biomarkers of catechins and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Shanghai Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:397-405. [PMID: 25713334 PMCID: PMC4380019 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary catechins are phytochemicals with both antioxidative and prooxidative stress properties. Green tea is a major source of catechins and may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, but the catechin-HCC relationship has not been evaluated using a biomarker-based approach. A nested case-control study of HCC (211 cases and 1,067 matched controls) was conducted within the Shanghai Cohort Study, which enrolled 18,244 men between 1986 and 1989. Concentrations of specific catechins, including epicatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), and 4'-O-methyl-epigallocatechin, were measured in urine specimens that had been collected prior to HCC diagnosis. None of the catechins measured were associated with HCC risk. In stratified analyses, there was a statistically significant trend for an association of higher urinary EGC with increased HCC risk among subjects with positive serology for hepatitis B surface antigen (P for trend = 0.02). This positive EGC-HCC association became stronger for hepatitis B surface antigen-positive persons who also had low serum retinol levels (for detectable levels vs. undetectable levels, odds ratio = 2.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.25, 5.51). There was no evidence supporting a protective role of catechins in the development of HCC. Instead, exposure to high levels of catechins may increase the risk of developing HCC for high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M. Butler
- Correspondence to Dr. Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, Suite 4C, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 (e-mail: )
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Ishijima N, Kanki K, Shimizu H, Shiota G. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by retinoic acid sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to apoptosis induced by sorafenib. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:567-75. [PMID: 25683251 PMCID: PMC4452157 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the outcome of cancer chemotherapy, strategies to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs are required. Sorafenib is the only drug to prolong overall survival of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the outcome is still not satisfactory. Retinoids, vitamin A derivatives, have been known to exhibit inhibitory effects on various cancers including HCC. In this study, we investigated the effects of combined treatment using sorafenib and retinoids including all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), NIK-333, and Am80 on HCC cells. Cell viability assays in six HCC cell lines, HepG2, PLC/PRF/5, HuH6, HLE, HLF, and Hep3B, revealed that 5 and 10 μM ATRA, concentrations that do not exert cytotoxic effects, enhanced the cytotoxicity of sorafenib, being much more effective than NIK-333 and Am80. We found that ATRA induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation, which was followed by reduced intracellular ATP level. Gene expression analysis revealed that ATRA decreased the expression of glycolytic genes such as GLUT-1 and LDHA. In the combination treatment using ATRA and sorafenib, increased apoptosis, followed by the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, the upregulation and translocation of Bax to mitochondria, and the activation of caspase-3, was observed. Suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase by siRNA restored the viability of the cells treated with ATRA and sorafenib. Our results thus indicate that ATRA is useful for enhancing the cytotoxicity of sorafenib against HCC cells by regulating the energy metabolism of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ishijima
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Keita Kanki
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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di Masi A, Leboffe L, De Marinis E, Pagano F, Cicconi L, Rochette-Egly C, Lo-Coco F, Ascenzi P, Nervi C. Retinoic acid receptors: from molecular mechanisms to cancer therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 41:1-115. [PMID: 25543955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic development and adult physiology. The RA activity is mediated primarily by members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subfamily, namely RARα, RARβ and RARγ, which belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors. RARs form heterodimers with members of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamily and act as ligand-regulated transcription factors through binding specific RA response elements (RAREs) located in target genes promoters. RARs also have non-genomic effects and activate kinase signaling pathways, which fine-tune the transcription of the RA target genes. The disruption of RA signaling pathways is thought to underlie the etiology of a number of hematological and non-hematological malignancies, including leukemias, skin cancer, head/neck cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma. Of note, RA and its derivatives (retinoids) are employed as potential chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents because of their differentiation, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant effects. In humans, retinoids reverse premalignant epithelial lesions, induce the differentiation of myeloid normal and leukemic cells, and prevent lung, liver, and breast cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that regulate the RA and retinoid signaling pathways. Moreover, mechanisms through which deregulation of RA signaling pathways ultimately impact on cancer are examined. Finally, the therapeutic effects of retinoids are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Loris Leboffe
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Marinis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Laura Cicconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy
| | - Cécile Rochette-Egly
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, Illkirch Cedex F-67404, France.
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, Roma I-00146, Italy.
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100.
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Lai GY, Weinstein SJ, Taylor PR, McGlynn KA, Virtamo J, Gail MH, Albanes D, Freedman ND. Effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation on liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality in the ATBC study. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2220-3. [PMID: 25314069 PMCID: PMC4264440 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent data suggest the possible benefits of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation on liver cancer and chronic liver disease (CLD), but the long-term trial data are limited. Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of supplemental 50 mg day−1α-tocopherol and 20 mg day−1β-carotene on incident liver cancer and CLD mortality in a randomised trial of 29 105 Finnish male smokers, who received supplementation for 5–8 years and were followed for 16 additional years for outcomes. Results: Supplemental α-tocopherol, β-carotene, or both, relative to placebo, did not reduce the risk of liver cancer or CLD, either overall, during the intervention or during the post-intervention period. Conclusions: Long-term supplemental α-tocopherol or β-carotene had no effect on liver cancer or CLD mortality over 24 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Lai
- 1] Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm. 2W136, MSC 9712, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA [2] Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S J Weinstein
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - P R Taylor
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - K A McGlynn
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M H Gail
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - D Albanes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - N D Freedman
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Association of serum α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and retinol with liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2163-71. [PMID: 25314058 PMCID: PMC4260018 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrients may influence the development or progression of liver cancer and liver disease. We evaluated the association of serum α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and retinol with incident liver cancer and chronic liver disease (CLD) mortality in a prospective cohort of middle-aged Finnish male smokers. METHODS Baseline and 3-year follow-up serum were available from 29,046 and 22,805 men, respectively. After 24 years of follow-up, 208 men were diagnosed with liver cancer and 237 died from CLD. Hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for highest vs lowest quartiles from multivariate proportional hazards models. RESULTS Higher β-carotene and retinol levels were associated with less liver cancer (β-carotene: 0.35, 0.22-0.55, P-trend <0.0001; retinol: 0.58, 0.39-0.85, P-trend=0.0009) and CLD mortality (β-carotene: 0.47, 0.30-0.75, P-trend=0.001; retinol: 0.55, 0.38-0.78, P-trend=0.0007). α-Tocopherol was associated with CLD mortality (0.63, 0.40-0.99, P-trend=0.06), but not with liver cancer (1.06, 0.64-1.74, P-trend=0.77). Participants with higher levels of β-carotene and retinol, but not α-tocopherol, at both baseline and year 3 had lower risk of each outcome than those with lower levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher concentrations of β-carotene and retinol are associated with incident liver cancer and CLD. However, such data do not indicate that supplementation should be considered for these diseases.
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Vinceti M, Dennert G, Crespi CM, Zwahlen M, Brinkman M, Zeegers MPA, Horneber M, D'Amico R, Del Giovane C. Selenium for preventing cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD005195. [PMID: 24683040 PMCID: PMC4441528 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005195.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is an update of the first Cochrane publication on selenium for preventing cancer (Dennert 2011).Selenium is a metalloid with both nutritional and toxicological properties. Higher selenium exposure and selenium supplements have been suggested to protect against several types of cancers. OBJECTIVES Two research questions were addressed in this review: What is the evidence for:1. an aetiological relation between selenium exposure and cancer risk in humans? and2. the efficacy of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in humans? SEARCH METHODS We conducted electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 2013, Issue 1), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1966 to February 2013 week 1), EMBASE (1980 to 2013 week 6), CancerLit (February 2004) and CCMed (February 2011). As MEDLINE now includes the journals indexed in CancerLit, no further searches were conducted in this database after 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA We included prospective observational studies (cohort studies including sub-cohort controlled studies and nested case-control studies) and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with healthy adult participants (18 years of age and older). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS For observational studies, we conducted random effects meta-analyses when five or more studies were retrieved for a specific outcome. For RCTs, we performed random effects meta-analyses when two or more studies were available. The risk of bias in observational studies was assessed using forms adapted from the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort and case-control studies; the criteria specified in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions were used to evaluate the risk of bias in RCTs. MAIN RESULTS We included 55 prospective observational studies (including more than 1,100,000 participants) and eight RCTs (with a total of 44,743 participants). For the observational studies, we found lower cancer incidence (summary odds ratio (OR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.91, N = 8) and cancer mortality (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.93, N = 6) associated with higher selenium exposure. Gender-specific subgroup analysis provided no clear evidence of different effects in men and women (P value 0.47), although cancer incidence was lower in men (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.05, N = 6) than in women (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.77, N = 2). The most pronounced decreases in risk of site-specific cancers were seen for stomach, bladder and prostate cancers. However, these findings have limitations due to study design, quality and heterogeneity that complicate interpretation of the summary statistics. Some studies suggested that genetic factors may modify the relation between selenium and cancer risk-a hypothesis that deserves further investigation.In RCTs, we found no clear evidence that selenium supplementation reduced the risk of any cancer (risk ratio (RR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.17, two studies, N = 4765) or cancer-related mortality (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.32, two studies, N = 18,698), and this finding was confirmed when the analysis was restricted to studies with low risk of bias. The effect on prostate cancer was imprecise (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.14, four studies, N = 19,110), and when the analysis was limited to trials with low risk of bias, the interventions showed no effect (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.14, three studies, N = 18,183). The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer was increased (RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.17, three studies, N = 1900). Results of two trials-the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial (NPCT) and the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Trial (SELECT)-also raised concerns about possible increased risk of type 2 diabetes, alopecia and dermatitis due to selenium supplements. An early hypothesis generated by NPCT that individuals with the lowest blood selenium levels at baseline could reduce their risk of cancer, particularly of prostate cancer, by increasing selenium intake has not been confirmed by subsequent trials. As the RCT participants were overwhelmingly male (94%), gender differences could not be systematically assessed. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Although an inverse association between selenium exposure and the risk of some types of cancer was found in some observational studies, this cannot be taken as evidence of a causal relation, and these results should be interpreted with caution. These studies have many limitations, including issues with assessment of exposure to selenium and to its various chemical forms, heterogeneity, confounding and other biases. Conflicting results including inverse, null and direct associations have been reported for some cancer types.RCTs assessing the effects of selenium supplementation on cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results, although the most recent studies, characterised by a low risk of bias, found no beneficial effect on cancer risk, more specifically on risk of prostate cancer, as well as little evidence of any influence of baseline selenium status. Rather, some trials suggest harmful effects of selenium exposure. To date, no convincing evidence suggests that selenium supplements can prevent cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaDepartment of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Gabriele Dennert
- University of Applied Sciences DortmundSocial Medicine and Public Health with Focus on Gender and Diversity, Department of Applied Social SciencesEmil‐Figge‐Str. 44DortmundGermanyD‐44227
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- University of California Los AngelesBiostatisticsFielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive South, A2‐125 CHS, Box 95690090095‐6900USALos Angeles
| | - Marcel Zwahlen
- University of BernInstitute of Social and Preventive MedicineFinkelhubelweg11BernSwitzerland3012
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Cancer Council VictoriaCancer Epidemiology Centre615 St Kilda RdMelbourneAustralia3004
| | | | - Markus Horneber
- Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum NurembergDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and HematologyProf.‐Ernst‐Nathan‐Str. 1NurembergGermanyD‐90419
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaItalian Cochrane Centre, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo 71ModenaItaly41124
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaItalian Cochrane Centre, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo 71ModenaItaly41124
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Turati F, Galeone C, Rota M, Pelucchi C, Negri E, Bagnardi V, Corrao G, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C. Alcohol and liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:1526-35. [PMID: 24631946 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several studies support a positive association between heavy alcohol consumption and liver cancer risk, a consistent dose-risk relationship has not yet been established. We carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the association between alcohol intake and liver cancer occurrence, following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. We searched for cohort and nested case-control studies on the general population published before April 2013, using PubMed and EMBASE. Summary meta-analytic relative risks (RRs) were estimated using random-effect models. We included 16 articles (19 cohorts) for a total of 4445 incident cases and 5550 deaths from liver cancer. Compared with non-drinking, the pooled RRs were 0.91 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.81-1.02) for moderate drinking (< 3 drinks per day) and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.01-1.34) for heavy drinking (≥ 3 drinks per day), with significant heterogeneity among studies. The dose-risk curve suggested a linear relationship with increasing alcohol intake in drinkers, with estimated excess risk of 46% for 50 g of ethanol per day and 66% for 100 g per day. This systematic review suggests a moderate detrimental role of consumption of 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day on liver cancer, and a lack of association with moderate drinking. Our results have to be taken with due caution on account of the possible limitations of the original studies included in the meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Turati
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan
| | - C Galeone
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan
| | - M Rota
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan Department of Health Sciences, Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza
| | - C Pelucchi
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan
| | - E Negri
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan
| | - V Bagnardi
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - G Corrao
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan
| | - P Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for lycopene intervention. Nutrients 2013; 6:124-62. [PMID: 24379011 PMCID: PMC3916853 DOI: 10.3390/nu6010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the consequences of the current obesity epidemic. NAFLD is a major form of chronic liver disease that is highly prevalent in obese and overweight adults and children. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of NAFLD, and uncontrolled inflammation as displayed in NASH has been identified as one of the key events in enhancing hepatic carcinogenesis. Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid and the pigment principally responsible for the characteristic deep-red color of ripe tomato and tomato products, as well as some fruits and vegetables. Lycopene's innate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have generated research interests on its capacity to protect against human diseases that are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, differential mechanisms of lycopene metabolism including endogenous cleavage by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (BCOs), generate lycopene metabolites that may also have significant impact on human disease development. However, it remains to be elucidated as to whether lycopene or its metabolites apolycopenoids have protective effects against obesity-related complications including inflammation and tumorigenesis. This article summarizes the in vivo experiments that elucidated molecular mechanisms associated with obesity-related hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. This review also provides an overview of lycopene metabolism, and the molecular pathways involved in the potential beneficial properties of lycopene and apolycopenoids. More research is clearly needed to fully unravel the importance of BCOs in tomato carotenoid metabolism and the consequence on human health and diseases.
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Yang Y, Qin SK, Wu Q, Wang ZS, Zheng RS, Tong XH, Liu H, Tao L, He XD. Connexin-dependent gap junction enhancement is involved in the synergistic effect of sorafenib and all-trans retinoic acid on HCC growth inhibition. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:540-50. [PMID: 24317203 PMCID: PMC3896525 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing gap junction activity in tumor cells provides a target by which to enhance antineoplastic therapies. Previously, several naturally occurring agents, including all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) have been demonstrated to increase gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in a number of types of cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated in vitro whether ATRA modulates the response of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to sorafenib, the only proven oral drug for advanced HCC, and the underlying mechanisms. HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells were treated with sorafenib and/or ATRA, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed; the role of GJIC was also explored. We found that ATRA, at non-toxic concentrations, enhanced sorafenib-induced growth inhibition in both HCC cell lines, and this effect was abolished by two GJIC inhibitors, 18-α-GA and oleamide. Whereas lower concentrations of sorafenib (5 µM) or ATRA (0.1 or 10 µM) alone modestly induced GJIC activity, the combination of sorafenib plus ATRA resulted in a strong enhancement of GJIC. However, the action paradigm differed in the HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, with the dominant effect of GJIC dependent on the cell-specific connexin increase in protein amounts and relocalization. RT-PCR assay further revealed a transcriptional modification of the key structural connexin in the two cell lines. Thus, a connexin-dependent gap junction enhancement may play a central role in ATRA plus sorafenib synergy in inhibiting HCC cell growth. Since both agents are available for human use, the combination treatment represents a future profitable strategy for the treatment of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Kui Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, PLA Cancer Center, Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Shu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Hui Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Di He
- Department of Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
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Kanki K, Akechi Y, Ueda C, Tsuchiya H, Shimizu H, Ishijima N, Toriguchi K, Hatano E, Endo K, Hirooka Y, Shiota G. Biological and clinical implications of retinoic acid-responsive genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Hepatol 2013; 59:1037-44. [PMID: 23831118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Accumulating data from epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, exert antitumor activity in various organs. We performed a gene screening based on in silico analysis of retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) to identify the genes facilitating the antitumor activity of retinoic acid (RA) and investigated their clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In silico analysis of RAREs was performed in the 5-kb upstream region of EST clusters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the retinoic acid receptors and gene expression analysis were performed in HuH7, HepG2, and MCF7 cells treated with all-trans RA (ATRA). mRNA expression of RA-responsive genes was investigated using tumor and non-tumor tissues of clinical HCC samples from 171 patients. The association between gene expression and survival of patients was examined by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS We identified 201 candidate genes with promoter regions containing consensus RARE and finally selected 26 RA-responsive genes. Of these, downregulation of OTU domain-containing 7B (OTUD7B) gene, which was upregulated by ATRA, in tumor tissue was associated with a low cancer-specific survival of HCC patients. Functional analyses revealed that OTUD7B negatively regulates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and decreases the survival of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified RA-responsive genes which are regulated by retinoid signal and found that low-OTUD7B mRNA expression is associated with a poor prognosis for HCC patients. OTUD7B-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling may be an effective target for antitumor therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kanki
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Shiota G, Kanki K. Retinoids and their target genes in liver functions and diseases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 Suppl 1:33-7. [PMID: 23855293 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids have been reported to prevent several kinds of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Retinoic acid (RA) coupled with retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor heterodimer exerts its functions by regulating its target genes. We previously reported that transgenic mice, in which RA signaling is suppressed in a hepatocyte-specific manner, developed liver cancer at a high rate, and that disruption of RA functions led to the increased oxidative stress via aberrant metabolisms of lipid and iron, indicating that retinoids play an important role in liver pathophysiology. These data suggest that exploring the metabolism of retinoids in liver diseases and their target genes provides us with useful information to understand the liver functions and diseases. Consequently, the altered metabolism of retinoids was observed in liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we summarize the metabolism of retinoids in the liver, highlight the functions of retinoids in HCC, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease, and discuss the target genes of RA. Investigation of retinoids in the liver will likely help us identify novel therapies and diagnostic modalities for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
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Butler LM, Arning E, Wang R, Bottiglieri T, Govindarajan S, Gao YT, Yuan JM. Prediagnostic levels of serum one-carbon metabolites and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1884-93. [PMID: 23897582 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rats fed diets deficient in choline develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor DNA from these animals is characteristically hypomethylated, suggesting that disruption of the one-carbon metabolism pathway is an underlying mechanism for hepatocarcinogenesis. Prospective studies in humans on circulating choline and other one-carbon metabolites and hepatocellular carcinoma risk have been lacking. METHODS We prospectively examined the association between prediagnostic serum concentrations of one-carbon metabolites including betaine, choline, cystathionine, homocysteine, methionine, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP, the bioactive form of vitamin B6) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma based on a nested case-control study of 297 incident cases and 631 matched controls from a cohort of 18,244 men in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression methods were used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for established risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS Serum choline and PLP were associated with statistically significant reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas serum cystathionine, methionine, and SAM were associated with increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk (all Ptrend < 0.05). The inverse associations for hepatocellular carcinoma risk with choline and PLP remained statistically significant after adjusting for all potential confounders. The multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest quintiles of serum choline and PLP were 0.35 (0.16-0.78; P = 0.010) and 0.44 (0.25-0.78; P = 0.005), respectively. There were no associations for hepatocellular carcinoma risk with 5-MTHF, betaine, or homocysteine. CONCLUSION The inverse associations between choline and vitamin B6 and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development are novel and warrant further investigation. IMPACT Identifying new modifiable factors for hepatocellular carcinoma prevention is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M Butler
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, PR China
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Zafar H, Ali S. Boron inhibits the proliferating cell nuclear antigen index, molybdenum containing proteins and ameliorates oxidative stress in hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 529:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gao J, Xie L, Yang WS, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang J, Xiang YB. Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma--current status and perspectives. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:743-52. [PMID: 22631642 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.3.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common disorder worldwide which ranks 5th and 7th most common cancer among men and women. In recent years, different incidence trends have been observed in various regions, but the reasons are not completely understood. However, due to the great public efforts in HCC prevention and alternation of lifestyle, the roles of some well documented risk factors played in hepatocarcinogenesis might have changed. This paper summarizes both the environmental and host related risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma including well established risk factors such as hepatitis virus infection, aflatoxin and alcohol, as well as possible risk factors such as coffee drinking and other dietary agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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Shirakami Y, Lee SA, Clugston RD, Blaner WS. Hepatic metabolism of retinoids and disease associations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1821:124-36. [PMID: 21763780 PMCID: PMC3488285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the most important tissue site in the body for uptake of postprandial retinoid, as well as for retinoid storage. Within the liver, both hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are importantly involved in retinoid metabolism. Hepatocytes play an indispensable role in uptake and processing of dietary retinoid into the liver, and in synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is required for mobilizing hepatic retinoid stores. HSCs are the central cellular site for retinoid storage in the healthy animal, accounting for as much as 50-60% of the total retinoid present in the entire body. The liver is also an important target organ for retinoid actions. Retinoic acid is synthesized in the liver and can interact with retinoid receptors which control expression of a large number of genes involved in hepatic processes. Altered retinoid metabolism and the accompanying dysregulation of retinoid signaling in the liver contribute to hepatic disease. This is related to HSCs, which contribute significantly to the development of hepatic disease when they undergo a process of cellular activation. HSC activation results in the loss of HSC retinoid stores and changes in extracellular matrix deposition leading to the onset of liver fibrosis. An association between hepatic disease progression and decreased hepatic retinoid storage has been demonstrated. In this review article, we summarize the essential role of the liver in retinoid metabolism and consider briefly associations between hepatic retinoid metabolism and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Retinoid and Lipid Metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Medicine, College of Physcians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W, 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
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45
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is a trace element essential to humans. Higher selenium exposure and selenium supplements have been suggested to protect against several types of cancers. OBJECTIVES Two research questions were addressed in this review: What is the evidence for1. an aetiological relationship between selenium exposure and cancer risk in women and men?2. the efficacy of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in women and men? SEARCH STRATEGY We searched electronic databases and bibliographies of reviews and included publications. SELECTION CRITERIA We included prospective observational studies to answer research question (a) and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to answer research question (b). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We conducted random effects meta-analyses of epidemiological data when five or more studies were retrieved for a specific outcome. We made a narrative summary of data from RCTs. MAIN RESULTS We included 49 prospective observational studies and six RCTs. In epidemiologic data, we found a reduced cancer incidence (summary odds ratio (OR) 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.91) and mortality (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.83) with higher selenium exposure. Cancer risk was more pronouncedly reduced in men (incidence: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.05) than in women (incidence: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.77). These findings have potential limitations due to study design, quality and heterogeneity of the data, which complicated the interpretation of the summary statistics.The RCTs found no protective efficacy of selenium yeast supplementation against non-melanoma skin cancer or L-selenomethionine supplementation against prostate cancer. Study results for the prevention of liver cancer with selenium supplements were inconsistent and studies had an unclear risk of bias. The results of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial (NPCT) and SELECT raised concerns about possible harmful effects of selenium supplements. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No reliable conclusions can be drawn regarding a causal relationship between low selenium exposure and an increased risk of cancer. Despite evidence for an inverse association between selenium exposure and the risk of some types of cancer, these results should be interpreted with care due to the potential limiting factors of heterogeneity and influences of unknown biases, confounding and effect modification.The effect of selenium supplementation from RCTs yielded inconsistent results. To date, there is no convincing evidence that selenium supplements can prevent cancer in men, women or children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Dennert
- Institut für Transdisziplinäre Gesundheitsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Zwahlen
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maurice P A Zeegers
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health & Epidemiology, Birmingham, UK
| | - Markus Horneber
- Medizinische Klinik 5-Schwerpunkt Onkologie/Haematologie, Klinikum Nord, Nuernberg, Germany
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Li Y, Yang H, Cao J. Association between alcohol consumption and cancers in the Chinese population--a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18776. [PMID: 21526212 PMCID: PMC3078147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is increasing worldwide and is associated with numerous cancers. This systematic review examined the role of alcohol in the incidence of cancer in the Chinese population. METHODS Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and VIP were searched to identify relevant studies. Cohort and case-control studies on the effect of alcohol use on cancers in Chinese were included. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were independently abstracted by two reviewers. Odds ratios (OR) or relative risks (RR) were pooled using RevMan 5.0. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q test and I-squared statistic. P<.01 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Pooled results from cohort studies indicated that alcohol consumption was not associated with gastric cancer, esophageal cancers (EC) or lung cancer. Meta-analysis of case-control studies showed that alcohol consumption was a significant risk factor for five cancers; the pooled ORs were 1.79 (99% CI, 1.47-2.17) EC, 1.40 (99% CI, 1.19-1.64) gastric cancer, 1.56 (99% CI, 1.16-2.09) hepatocellular carcinoma, 1.21 (99% CI, 1.00-1.46) nasopharyngeal cancer and 1.71 (99% CI, 1.20-2.44) oral cancer. Pooled ORs of the case-control studies showed that alcohol consumption was protective for female breast cancer and gallbladder cancer: OR 0.76 (99% CI, 0.60-0.97) and 0.70 (99% CI, 0.49-1.00) respectively. There was no significant correlation between alcohol consumption and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, cancer of the ampulla of Vater, prostate cancer or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Combined results of case-control and cohort studies showed that alcohol consumption was associated with 1.78- and 1.40-fold higher risks of EC and gastric cancer but was not significantly associated with lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Health programs focused on limiting alcohol intake may be important for cancer control in China. Further studies are needed to examine the interaction between alcohol consumption and other risk factors for cancers in Chinese and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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47
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Hoshikawa Y, Kanki K, Ashla AA, Arakaki Y, Azumi J, Yasui T, Tezuka Y, Matsumi Y, Tsuchiya H, Kurimasa A, Hisatome I, Hirano T, Fujimoto J, Kagechika H, Shomori K, Ito H, Shiota G. c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by oxidative stress suppresses retinoid signaling through proteasomal degradation of retinoic acid receptor α protein in hepatic cells. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:934-41. [PMID: 21272161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that impaired retinoid signaling causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through oxidative stress. However, the interaction between oxidative stress and retinoid signaling has not been fully understood. To address this issue, the effects of hydrogen peroxide on the transcriptional activity of RAR/RXR heterodimers, RARα and RXRα proteins and intracellular signaling pathways were examined. The transcriptional activity of RAR/RXR examined by the DR5-tk-Luc reporter assay was significantly suppressed. The RARα protein level began to decrease at 6 h after treatment and declined thereafter. However, RARα mRNA were not changed. Activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt was observed after treatment of hydrogen peroxide. SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK, reversed the RARα protein level reduced by hydrogen peroxide. Anisomycin, an activator of JNK, reduced RARα protein. Transfection of wild-type JNK-constitutive actively expressing plasmid, but not kinase-negative JNK-expressing plasmid caused reduction of RARα protein. Proteasomal degradation of RARα was observed after anisomycin treatment; however, the mutant RARα, of which phosphorylation sites are replaced with alanines, was not degradated. In hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related human liver tissues, phospho-JNK and RARα reciprocally expressed with the progression of liver disease. Finally, the staining of 8-OHdG and thioredoxin was increased with the disease progression. These data indicate that JNK activation by oxidative stress suppresses retinoid signaling through proteasomal degradation of RARα, suggesting that a vicious cycle between aberrant retinoid signaling and oxidative stress accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Hoshikawa
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Khoo HE, Prasad KN, Kong KW, Jiang Y, Ismail A. Carotenoids and their isomers: color pigments in fruits and vegetables. Molecules 2011; 16:1710-38. [PMID: 21336241 PMCID: PMC6259627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are colorful pigment-containing food sources. Owing to their nutritional benefits and phytochemicals, they are considered as 'functional food ingredients'. Carotenoids are some of the most vital colored phytochemicals, occurring as all-trans and cis-isomers, and accounting for the brilliant colors of a variety of fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids extensively studied in this regard include β-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin. Coloration of fruits and vegetables depends on their growth maturity, concentration of carotenoid isomers, and food processing methods. This article focuses more on several carotenoids and their isomers present in different fruits and vegetables along with their concentrations. Carotenoids and their geometric isomers also play an important role in protecting cells from oxidation and cellular damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock-Eng Khoo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (H.-E.K); (K.N.P); (K.-W.K)
| | - K. Nagendra Prasad
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (H.-E.K); (K.N.P); (K.-W.K)
| | - Kin-Weng Kong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (H.-E.K); (K.N.P); (K.-W.K)
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; E-Mail: (Y.J.)
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (H.-E.K); (K.N.P); (K.-W.K)
- Laboratory of Analysis and Authentication, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Glauert HP, Calfee-Mason K, Stemm DN, Tharappel JC, Spear BT. Dietary antioxidants in the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis: a review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:875-96. [PMID: 20512789 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the role of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis is examined. Both human and animal models are discussed. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium are antioxidants that are essential in the human diet. A number of non-essential chemicals also contain antioxidant activity and are consumed in the human diet, mainly as plants or as supplements, including beta-carotene, ellagic acid, curcumin, lycopene, coenzyme Q(10), epigallocatechin gallate, N-acetyl cysteine, and resveratrol. Although some human and animal studies show protection against carcinogenesis with the consumption of higher amounts of antioxidants, many studies show no effect or an enhancement of carcinogenesis. Because of the conflicting results from these studies, it is difficult to make dietary recommendations as to whether consuming higher amounts of specific antioxidants will decrease the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard P Glauert
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0054, USA.
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50
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Castello G, Costantini S, Scala S. Targeting the inflammation in HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: a role in the prevention and treatment. J Transl Med 2010; 8:109. [PMID: 21047421 PMCID: PMC2991329 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that chronic inflammation induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is crucial in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The interaction between hepatocytes and microenvironment regards virus, inflammatory and immunocompetent cells, chemo- and cyto-kines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), generating cell transformation. We suggest hepatocarcinoma (HCC) as a model in which the targeting of microenvironment determine neoplastic transformation. The present review focuses on: the role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, the clinical impact of HCC and the inadequacy of the actual therapy, the chemoprevention targeting the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Castello
- Oncology Research Centre of Mercogliano (CROM), Mercogliano (AV), Italy.
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