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Lankalapalli SP, Rachel KV, Chintala V, Kowtharapu LP, Katari NK. A quality-by-design evaluated liquid chromatography method development and validation for the separation and quantification of nitroxoline and its impurities. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300760. [PMID: 38135885 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel, isocratic, sensitive, stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the separation and quantification of related substances in nitroxoline (NTL). The chromatographic separation has been achieved on Inertsil ODS-3 V, (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 240 nm using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid buffer and methanol in the ratio of 60:40 v/v as mobile phase. The performance of the method has been checked as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient value greater than 0.99 for NTL and its three impurities. The detection limit of impurities was in the range of 0.01% (0.05 μg/mL)-0.22% (1.1 μg/mL) indicating the sensitivity of the newly developed method. The accuracy of the method was established based on the recovery obtained between 94.7% and 104.1% for all the impurities. The percentage relative standard deviation obtained for the repeatability was less than 4.0% at the specification level for all impurities. Forced degradation was performed to establish the stability-indicating nature of the method and to know about the degradation products, the quality of a drug substance changes with time under the influence of stress conditions. Thus, the proposed method was validated and found to be specific, sensitive, linear, accurate, precise, reproducible, and beneficial for routine usage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Vijaya Rachel
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Vaishnavi Chintala
- Analytical Research and Development, Cambrex High Point, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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Rodríguez-Expósito RL, Sifaoui I, Reyes-Batlle M, Fuchs F, Scheid PL, Piñero JE, Sutak R, Lorenzo-Morales J. Induction of Programmed Cell Death in Acanthamoeba culbertsoni by the Repurposed Compound Nitroxoline. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2081. [PMID: 38136200 PMCID: PMC10740438 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba is a ubiquitous genus of amoebae that can act as opportunistic parasites in both humans and animals, causing a variety of ocular, nervous and dermal pathologies. Despite advances in Acanthamoeba therapy, the management of patients with Acanthamoeba infections remains a challenge for health services. Therefore, there is a need to search for new active substances against Acanthamoebae. In the present study, we evaluated the amoebicidal activity of nitroxoline against the trophozoite and cyst stages of six different strains of Acanthamoeba. The strain A. griffini showed the lowest IC50 value in the trophozoite stage (0.69 ± 0.01 µM), while the strain A. castellanii L-10 showed the lowest IC50 value in the cyst stage (0.11 ± 0.03 µM). In addition, nitroxoline induced in treated trophozoites of A. culbertsoni features compatibles with apoptosis and autophagy pathways, including chromatin condensation, mitochondrial malfunction, oxidative stress, changes in cell permeability and the formation of autophagic vacuoles. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of the effect of nitroxoline on trophozoites revealed that this antibiotic induced the overexpression and the downregulation of proteins involved in the apoptotic process and in metabolic and biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén L. Rodríguez-Expósito
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.L.R.-E.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.L.R.-E.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - María Reyes-Batlle
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.L.R.-E.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Frieder Fuchs
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Patrick L. Scheid
- Parasitology Lab., Central Military Hospital Koblenz, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
- Department of Biology, Working Group Parasitology and Infection Biology, University Koblenz, 56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.L.R.-E.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Sutak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.L.R.-E.); (I.S.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Ren L, Jiang M, Xue D, Wang H, Lu Z, Ding L, Xie H, Wang R, Luo W, Xu L, Wang M, Yu S, Cheng S, Xia L, Yu H, Huang P, Xu N, Li G. Nitroxoline suppresses metastasis in bladder cancer via EGR1/circNDRG1/miR-520h/smad7/EMT signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5207-5220. [PMID: 35982887 PMCID: PMC9379395 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancer worldwide. Current chemotherapy has shown limited efficacy in improving outcomes for patients. Nitroxoline, an old and widely used oral antibiotic, which was known to treat for urinary tract infection for decades. Recent studies suggested that nitroxoline suppressed the tumor progression and metastasis, especially in bladder cancer. However, the underlying mechanism for anti-tumor activity of nitroxoline remains unclear. Methods: CircRNA microarray was used to explore the nitroxoline-mediated circRNA expression profile of bladder cancer lines. Transwell and wound-healing assay were applied to evaluate the capacity of metastasis. ChIP assay was chosen to prove the binding of promotor and transcription factor. RNA-pulldown assay was performed to explore the sponge of circRNA and microRNA. Results: We first identified the circNDRG1 (has_circ_0085656) as a novel candidate circRNA. Transwell and wound-healing assay demonstrated that circNDRG1 inhibited the metastasis of bladder cancer. ChIP assay showed that circNDRG1 was regulated by the transcription factor EGR1 by binding the promotor of host gene NDRG1. RNA-pulldown assay proved that circNDRG1 sponged miR-520h leading to the overexpression of smad7, which was a negative regulatory protein of EMT. Conclusions: Our research revealed that nitroxoline may suppress metastasis in bladder cancer via EGR1/circNDRG1/miR-520h/smad7/EMT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Ren
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minxiao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingwei Xue
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Lu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijin Xu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chelation in Antibacterial Drugs: From Nitroxoline to Cefiderocol and Beyond. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081105. [PMID: 36009974 PMCID: PMC9405089 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of escalating antimicrobial resistance, the need for antibacterial drugs with novel or improved modes of action (MOAs) is a health concern of utmost importance. Adding or improving the chelating abilities of existing drugs or finding new, nature-inspired chelating agents seems to be one of the major ways to ensure progress. This review article provides insight into the modes of action of antibacterial agents, class by class, through the perspective of chelation. We covered a wide scope of antibacterials, from a century-old quintessential chelating agent nitroxoline, currently unearthed due to its newly discovered anticancer and antibiofilm activities, over the commonly used antibacterial classes, to new cephalosporin cefiderocol and a potential future class of tetramates. We show the impressive spectrum of roles that chelation plays in antibacterial MOAs. This, by itself, demonstrates the importance of understanding the fundamental chemistry behind such complex processes.
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Valenza C, Antonarelli G, Giugliano F, Aurilio G, Verri E, Briganti A, Curigliano G, Necchi A. Emerging treatment landscape of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:717-734. [PMID: 35634893 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2082869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for 70-75% of all bladder cancers and is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a wide spectrum of recurrences and progression. Adjuvant treatment for intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC is mainly represented by Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). However, 20%-40% of patients develop disease recurrences or persistence following BCG treatment and are classified as "BCG unresponsive' (BCGu), thus representing a therapeutic challenge due to their worse prognosis and unavailability of effective intravesical treatments. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of completed and ongoing clinical trials assessing the role of innovative immunological and target agents in patients with BCGu and BCG naive (BCGn) NMIBCs. New treatment options are emerging, demonstrating promising clinical activity, namely, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, oportuzumab monatox, nadofaragene firadenovec, and N-803. EXPERT OPINION The increasing number of newer therapeutic agents for patients with NMIBC poses challenges regarding the choice of the most suited treatment option for each patient and the best treatment sequence, given their diverse mechanisms of action and varying degrees of activity. Tailored treatment approaches are advocated, based on a deeper comprehension of disease features, available therapies, patient's characteristics, and consequently, on the identification and validation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Valenza
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,(DIPO), University of MilanDepartment of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Antonarelli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,(DIPO), University of MilanDepartment of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giugliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,(DIPO), University of MilanDepartment of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Aurilio
- Division of Urogenital and Head and Neck Tumours, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Verri
- Division of Urogenital and Head and Neck Tumours, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- San Raffaele Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific InstituteUniversity Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,(DIPO), University of MilanDepartment of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Necchi
- San Raffaele Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific InstituteUniversity Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
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Camouflaged liposomes by 11A4-nanobody for co-delivery of cisplatin and nitroxoline in breast cancer tumors: An in vitro/in vivo study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Bahmad HF, Demus T, Moubarak MM, Daher D, Alvarez Moreno JC, Polit F, Lopez O, Merhe A, Abou-Kheir W, Nieder AM, Poppiti R, Omarzai Y. Overcoming Drug Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Drug Repurposing. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10010015. [PMID: 35225948 PMCID: PMC8883996 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Common treatments include active surveillance, surgery, or radiation. Androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy are usually reserved for advanced disease or biochemical recurrence, such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but they are not considered curative because PCa cells eventually develop drug resistance. The latter is achieved through various cellular mechanisms that ultimately circumvent the pharmaceutical’s mode of action. The need for novel therapeutic approaches is necessary under these circumstances. An alternative way to treat PCa is by repurposing of existing drugs that were initially intended for other conditions. By extrapolating the effects of previously approved drugs to the intracellular processes of PCa, treatment options will expand. In addition, drug repurposing is cost-effective and efficient because it utilizes drugs that have already demonstrated safety and efficacy. This review catalogues the drugs that can be repurposed for PCa in preclinical studies as well as clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F. Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-786-961-0216
| | - Timothy Demus
- Division of Urology, Columbia University, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (T.D.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Maya M. Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (M.M.M.); (W.A.-K.)
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR5095, Universite de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Darine Daher
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez Moreno
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
| | - Francesca Polit
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
| | - Olga Lopez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Ali Merhe
- Department of Urology, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (M.M.M.); (W.A.-K.)
| | - Alan M. Nieder
- Division of Urology, Columbia University, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (T.D.); (A.M.N.)
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Robert Poppiti
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Yumna Omarzai
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
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Nitroxoline and its derivatives are potent inhibitors of metallo-β-lactamases. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113975. [PMID: 34865870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenemases such as metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are spreading among Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Infections due to these multidrug-resistant bacteria constitute a major global health challenge. Therapeutic strategies against carbapenemase producing bacteria include β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Nitroxoline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with restricted indication for urinary tract infections. In this study, we report on nitroxoline as an inhibitor of MBLs. We investigate the structure-activity relationships of nitroxoline derivatives considering in vitro MBL inhibitory potency in a fluorescence based assay using purified recombinant MBLs, NDM-1 and VIM-1. We investigated the most potent nitroxoline derivative in combination with imipenem against clinical isolates as well as transformants producing MBL by broth microdilution and time-kill kinetics. Our findings demonstrate that nitroxoline derivatives are potent MBL inhibitors and in combination with imipenem overcome MBL-mediated carbapenem resistance.
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Mitrović A, Završnik J, Mikhaylov G, Knez D, Pečar Fonović U, Matjan Štefin P, Butinar M, Gobec S, Turk B, Kos J. Evaluation of novel cathepsin-X inhibitors in vitro and in vivo and their ability to improve cathepsin-B-directed antitumor therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:34. [PMID: 34989869 PMCID: PMC8738504 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic targets that could improve current antitumor therapy and overcome cancer resistance are urgently needed. Promising candidates are lysosomal cysteine cathepsins, proteolytical enzymes involved in various critical steps during cancer progression. Among them, cathepsin X, which acts solely as a carboxypeptidase, has received much attention. Our results indicate that the triazole-based selective reversible inhibitor of cathepsin X named Z9 (1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-((4-isopropyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)ethan-1-one) significantly reduces tumor progression, both in vitro in cell-based functional assays and in vivo in two independent tumor mouse models: the FVB/PyMT transgenic and MMTV-PyMT orthotopic breast cancer mouse models. One of the mechanisms by which cathepsin X contributes to cancer progression is the compensation of cathepsin-B activity loss. Our results confirm that cathepsin-B inhibition is compensated by an increase in cathepsin X activity and protein levels. Furthermore, the simultaneous inhibition of both cathepsins B and X with potent, selective, reversible inhibitors exerted a synergistic effect in impairing processes of tumor progression in in vitro cell-based assays of tumor cell migration and spheroid growth. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Z9 impairs tumor progression both in vitro and in vivo and can be used in combination with other peptidase inhibitors as an innovative approach to overcome resistance to antipeptidase therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mitrović
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana,, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Završnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Georgy Mikhaylov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Petra Matjan Štefin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Butinar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana,, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Malik JA, Ahmed S, Jan B, Bender O, Al Hagbani T, Alqarni A, Anwar S. Drugs repurposed: An advanced step towards the treatment of breast cancer and associated challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112375. [PMID: 34863612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is mostly observed in women and is responsible for huge mortality in women subjects globally. Due to the continued development of drug resistance and other contributing factors, the scientific community needs to look for new alternatives, and drug repurposing is one of the best opportunities. Here we light upon the drug repurposing with a major focus on breast cancer. BC is a division of cancer known as the leading cause of death of 2.3 million women globally, with 685,000 fatalities. This number is steadily rising, necessitating the development of a treatment that can extend survival time. All available treatments for BC are very costly as well as show side effects. This unfulfilled requirement of the anti-cancer drugs ignited an enthusiasm for drug repositioning, which means finding out the anti-cancer use of already marketed drugs for other complications. With the advancement in proteomics, genomics, and computational approaches, the drug repurposing process hastens. So many drugs are repurposed for the BC, including alkylating agents, antimetabolite, anthracyclines, an aromatase inhibitor, mTOR, and many more. The drug resistance in breast cancer is rising, so reviewing how the challenges in breast cancer can be combated with drug repurposing. This paper provides the updated information on all the repurposed drugs candidates for breast cancer with the molecular mechanism responsible for their anti-tumor activity. Additionally, all the challenges that occur during the repurposing of the drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India; Department of Biomedical engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Bisma Jan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aali Alqarni
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Joaquim AR, Gionbelli MP, Gosmann G, Fuentefria AM, Lopes MS, Fernandes de Andrade S. Novel Antimicrobial 8-Hydroxyquinoline-Based Agents: Current Development, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16349-16379. [PMID: 34779640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The search for new antimicrobials is imperative due to the emergent resistance of new microorganism strains. In this context, revisiting known classes like 8-hydroxyquinolines could be an interesting strategy to discover new agents. The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives nitroxoline and clioquinol are used to treat microbial infections; however, these drugs are underused, being available in few countries or limited to topical use. After years of few advances, in the last two decades, the potent activity of clioquinol and nitroxoline against several targets and the privileged structure of 8-hydroxyquinoline nucleus have prompted an increased interest in the design of novel antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-Alzheimer agents based on this class. Herein, we discuss the current development and antimicrobial structure-activity relationships of this class in the perspective of using the 8-hydroxyquinoline nucleus for the search for novel antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the most investigated molecular targets concerning 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives are explored in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rocha Joaquim
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pies Gionbelli
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marcela Silva Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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12
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Biswal J, Jayaprakash P, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G, Rangaswamy R, Jeyaraman J. WaterMap and Molecular Dynamic Simulation-Guided Discovery of Potential PAK1 Inhibitors Using Repurposing Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26829-26845. [PMID: 34693105 PMCID: PMC8529594 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
p21-Activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is positioned at the nexus of several oncogenic signaling pathways. Currently, there are no approved inhibitors for disabling the transfer of phosphate in the active site directly, as they are limited by lower affinity, and poor kinase selectivity. In this work, a repurposing study utilizing FDA-approved drugs from the DrugBank database was pursued with an initial selection of 27 molecules out of ∼2162 drug molecules, based on their docking energies and molecular interaction patterns. From the molecules that were considered for WaterMap analysis, seven molecules, namely, Mitoxantrone, Labetalol, Acalabrutinib, Sacubitril, Flubendazole, Trazodone, and Niraparib, ascertained the ability to overlap with high-energy hydration sites. Considering many other displaced unfavorable water molecules, only Acalabrutinib, Flubendazole, and Trazodone molecules highlighted their prominence in terms of binding affinity gains through ΔΔG that ranges between 6.44 and 2.59 kcal/mol. Even if Mitoxantrone exhibited the highest docking score and greater interaction strength, it did not comply with the WaterMap and molecular dynamics simulation results. Moreover, detailed MD simulation trajectory analyses suggested that the drug molecules Flubendazole, Niraparib, and Acalabrutinib were highly stable, observed from their RMSD values and consistent interaction pattern with Glu315, Glu345, Leu347, and Asp407 including the hydrophobic interactions maintained in the three replicates. However, the drug molecule Trazodone displayed a loss of crucial interaction with Leu347, which was essential to inhibit the kinase activity of PAK1. The molecular orbital and electrostatic potential analyses elucidated the reactivity and strong complementarity potentials of the drug molecules in the binding pocket of PAK1. Therefore, the CADD-based reposition efforts, reported in this work, helped in the successful identification of new PAK1 inhibitors that requires further investigation by in vitro analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Biswal
- Structural
Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics,
Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prajisha Jayaprakash
- Structural
Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics,
Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Rayala
- Department
of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Room No. BT 306, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department
of Human Genetics, College of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghu Rangaswamy
- Structural
Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics,
Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman
- Structural
Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics,
Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Hydrothermally synthesized a pyrochlore-type bismuth stannate (Bi2Sn2O7): Efficient electrochemical detection of nitroxoline. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Lin W, Sun J, Sadahira T, Xu N, Wada K, Liu C, Araki M, Xu A, Watanabe M, Nasu Y, Huang P. Discovery and Validation of Nitroxoline as a Novel STAT3 Inhibitor in Drug-resistant Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3255-3267. [PMID: 34421363 PMCID: PMC8375225 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated cycles of first-line chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CIS) trigger frequent chemoresistance in recurrent urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Nitroxoline (NTX), an antibiotic to treat urinary tract infections, has been recently repurposed for cancer treatment. Here we aimed to investigate whether NTX suppresses drug-resistant UBC and its molecular mechanism. The drug-resistant cell lines T24/DOX and T24/CIS were established by continual exposure of parental cell line T24 to DOX and CIS, respectively. T24/DOX and T24/CIS cells were resistant to DOX and CIS, respectively, but they were sensitive to NTX time- and dose-dependently. Overexpressions of STAT3 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were identified in T24/DOX and T24/CIS, which could be reversed by NTX. Western blot revealed that NTX downregulated p-STAT3, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and Survivin, which were further confirmed by Stattic, a selective STAT3 inhibitor. In vivo, NTX exhibited the significant anti-tumor effect in T24/DOX and T24/CIS tumor-bearing mice. These results suggested that NTX-induced P-gp reversal, G0/G1 arrest, and apoptosis in drug-resistant UBC were mediated by inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Our findings repurpose NTX as a novel STAT3 inhibitor to induce P-gp reversal, G0/G1 arrest, and apoptosis in drug-resistant UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Lin
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jingkai Sun
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Takuya Sadahira
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naijin Xu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Abai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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15
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De Lellis L, Veschi S, Tinari N, Mokini Z, Carradori S, Brocco D, Florio R, Grassadonia A, Cama A. Drug Repurposing, an Attractive Strategy in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: Preclinical and Clinical Updates. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3946. [PMID: 34439102 PMCID: PMC8394389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, since patients rarely display symptoms until an advanced and unresectable stage of the disease. Current chemotherapy options are unsatisfactory and there is an urgent need for more effective and less toxic drugs to improve the dismal PC therapy. Repurposing of non-oncology drugs in PC treatment represents a very promising therapeutic option and different compounds are currently being considered as candidates for repurposing in the treatment of this tumor. In this review, we provide an update on some of the most promising FDA-approved, non-oncology, repurposed drug candidates that show prominent clinical and preclinical data in pancreatic cancer. We also focus on proposed mechanisms of action and known molecular targets that they modulate in PC. Furthermore, we provide an explorative bioinformatic analysis, which suggests that some of the PC repurposed drug candidates have additional, unexplored, oncology-relevant targets. Finally, we discuss recent developments regarding the immunomodulatory role displayed by some of these drugs, which may expand their potential application in synergy with approved anticancer immunomodulatory agents that are mostly ineffective as single agents in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (N.T.); (A.G.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology—CAST, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Zhirajr Mokini
- European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) Mentorship Programme, ESAIC, 24 Rue des Comédiens, BE-1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Davide Brocco
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (N.T.); (A.G.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology—CAST, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology—CAST, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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16
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Repurposing of Antimicrobial Agents for Cancer Therapy: What Do We Know? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133193. [PMID: 34206772 PMCID: PMC8269327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The substantial costs of clinical trials, the lengthy timelines of new drug discovery and development, along the high attrition rates underscore the need for alternative strategies for finding quickly suitable therapeutics agents. Given that most approved drugs possess more than one target tightly linked to other diseases, it encourages promptly testing these drugs in patients. Over the past decades, this has led to considerable attention for drug repurposing, which relies on identifying new uses for approved or investigational drugs outside the scope of the original medical indication. The known safety of approved drugs minimizes the possibility of failure for adverse toxicology, making them attractive de-risked compounds for new applications with potentially lower overall development costs and shorter development timelines. This latter case is an exciting opportunity, specifically in oncology, due to increased resistance towards the current therapies. Indeed, a large body of evidence shows that a wealth of non-cancer drugs has beneficial effects against cancer. Interestingly, 335 drugs are currently being evaluated in different clinical trials for their potential activities against various cancers (Redo database). This review aims to provide an extensive discussion about the anti-cancer activities exerted by antimicrobial agents and presents information about their mechanism(s) of action and stage of development/evaluation.
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17
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Veschi S, Carradori S, De Lellis L, Florio R, Brocco D, Secci D, Guglielmi P, Spano M, Sobolev AP, Cama A. Synthesis and evaluation of a large library of nitroxoline derivatives as pancreatic cancer antiproliferative agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1331-1344. [PMID: 32588672 PMCID: PMC7470072 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1780228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest carcinomas and in most cases, which are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease, current therapeutic options are highly unsatisfactory. Based on the anti-proliferative effects shown by nitroxoline, an old urinary antibacterial agent, we explored a large library of newly synthesised derivatives to unravel the importance of the OH moiety and pyridine ring of the parent compound. The new derivatives showed a valuable anti-proliferative effect and some displayed a greater effect as compared to nitroxoline against three pancreatic cancer cell lines with different genetic profiles. In particular, in silico pharmacokinetic data, clonogenicity assays and selectivity indexes of the most promising compounds showed several advantages for such derivatives, as compared to nitroxoline. Moreover, some of these novel compounds had stronger effects on cell viability and/or clonogenic capacity in PC cells as compared to erlotinib, a targeted agent approved for PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Brocco
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Anatoly P Sobolev
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Segre-Capitani", CNR, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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18
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Varshosaz J, Fard MM, Mirian M, Hassanzadeh F. Targeted Nanoparticles for Co-delivery of 5-FU and Nitroxoline, a Cathepsin B Inhibitor, in HepG2 Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:346-358. [PMID: 31566137 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190930124746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first choice of treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Nitroxoline (NIT), a potent inhibitor of Cathepsin B, impairs tumor progression by decreased extracellular matrix degradation. The objective of the current project was designed to target nanoparticles for co-delivery of 5-FU and NIT in order to enhance the 5-FU cytotoxic effects and reduce the metastatic properties of HepG2 cells. METHODS 5-FU and NIT were loaded in chitosan-chondroitin nanoparticles. To target the CD44 receptors of HepG2 cells, Hyaluronic Acid (HA) was conjugated to the chondroitin by adipic acid dihydrazide and the conjugation was confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR. After physicochemical characterization and optimization of the processing variables, MTT assay was done on HepG2 and NIH3T3 cell lines to determine the cytotoxic properties of HA targeted nanoparticles. Migration of the cells was studied to compare the co-delivery of the drugs with each drug alone. RESULTS The optimized nanoparticles showed the particle size of 244.7±16.3nm, PDI of 0.30±0.03, drug entrapment efficiency of 46.3±5.0% for 5-FU and 75.1±0.9% for NIT. The drug release efficiency up to 8 hours was about 37.6±0.9% for 5-FU and 62.9±0.7% for NIT. The co-delivery of 5-FU and NIT in targeted nanoparticles showed significantly more cytotoxicity than the mixture of the two free drugs, non-targeted nanoparticles or each drug alone and reduced the IC50 value of 5-FU from 3.31±0.65μg/ml to 0.17±0.03μg/ml and the migration of HepG2 cells was also reduced to five-fold. CONCLUSION Co-delivery of 5-FU and NIT by HA targeted chitosan-chondroitin nanoparticles may be promising in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Monireh M Fard
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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19
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Khan R, Khan H, Abdullah Y, Dou QP. Feasibility of Repurposing Clioquinol for Cancer Therapy. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:14-31. [PMID: 32106803 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200227090259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a prevalent disease in the world and is becoming more widespread as time goes on. Advanced and more effective chemotherapeutics need to be developed for the treatment of cancer to keep up with this prevalence. Repurposing drugs is an alternative to discover new chemotherapeutics. Clioquinol is currently being studied for reposition as an anti-cancer drug. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to summarize the anti-cancer effects of clioquinol and its derivatives through a detailed literature and patent review and to review their potential re-uses in cancer treatment. METHODS Research articles were collected through a PubMed database search using the keywords "Clioquinol" and "Cancer." The keywords "Clioquinol Derivatives" and "Clioquinol Analogues" were also used on a PubMed database search to gather research articles on clioquinol derivatives. Patents were gathered through a Google Patents database search using the keywords "Clioquinol" and "Cancer." RESULTS Clioquinol acts as a copper and zinc ionophore, a proteasome inhibitor, an anti-angiogenesis agent, and is an inhibitor of key signal transduction pathways responsible for its growth-inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity in cancer cells preclinically. A clinical trial conducted by Schimmer et al., resulted in poor outcomes that prompted studies on alternative clioquinol-based applications, such as new combinations, new delivery methods, or new clioquinol-derived analogues. In addition, numerous patents claim alternative uses of clioquinol for cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Clioquinol exhibits anti-cancer activities in many cancer types, preclinically. Low therapeutic efficacy in a clinical trial has prompted new studies that aim to discover more effective clioquinol- based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Khan
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Harras Khan
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Yassen Abdullah
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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20
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Ibáñez de Garayo M, Liu W, Rondeau NC, Damoci CB, Miranda JJL. Rationally repurposed nitroxoline inhibits preclinical models of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:763-766. [PMID: 34163027 PMCID: PMC8472899 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Repurposing of currently used drugs for new indications benefits from known experience with those agents. Rational repurposing can be achieved when newly uncovered molecular activities are leveraged against diseases that utilize those mechanisms. Nitroxoline is an antibiotic with metal-chelating activity used to treat urinary tract infections. This small molecule also inhibits the function of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins that regulate oncogene expression in cancer. Lymphoproliferation driven by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) depends on these same proteins. We therefore tested the efficacy of nitroxoline against cell culture and small animal models of EBV-associated lymphoproliferation. Nitroxoline indeed reduces cell and tumor growth. Nitroxoline also acts faster than the prototype BET inhibitor JQ1. We suggest that this rational repurposing may hold translational promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Ibáñez de Garayo
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XPresent Address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Wendi Liu
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Nicole C. Rondeau
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Christopher B. Damoci
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - JJ L. Miranda
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
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21
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Van de Walle T, Briand M, Mitrović A, Sosič I, Gobec S, Kos J, Persoons L, Daelemans D, De Jonghe S, Ubiparip Z, Desmet T, Van Hecke K, Mangelinckx S, D'hooghe M. Synthesis of Novel Nitroxoline Analogs with Potent Cathepsin B Exopeptidase Inhibitory Activity. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2477-2490. [PMID: 32744405 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxoline, a well-known antimicrobial agent, has been identified in several independent studies, and on different molecular targets, as a promising candidate to be repurposed for cancer treatment. One specific target of interest concerns cathepsin B, a lysosomal peptidase involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to tumor invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. However, dedicated optimization of the nitroxoline core is needed to actually deliver a nitroxoline-based antitumor drug candidate. Within that context, 34 novel nitroxoline analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their relative cathepsin B inhibitory activity, their antiproliferative properties and their antimicrobial activity. More than twenty analogs were shown to exert a similar or even slightly higher cathepsin B inhibitory activity compared to nitroxoline. The implemented modifications of the nitroxoline scaffold and the resulting SAR information can form an eligible basis for further optimization toward more potent cathepsin B inhibitors in the quest for a clinical nitroxoline-based antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van de Walle
- SynbioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marina Briand
- SynbioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leentje Persoons
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zorica Ubiparip
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Xstruct, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynbioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynbioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Wang L, Lv Y, Li C, Yang G, Fu B, Peng Q, Jian L, Hou D, Wang J, Zhao C, Yang P, Zhang K, Wang L, Wang Z, Wang H, Xu W. Transformable Dual-Inhibition System Effectively Suppresses Renal Cancer Metastasis through Blocking Endothelial Cells and Cancer Stem Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004548. [PMID: 32881381 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vasculature and cancer stem cells (CSCs) accelerate the development of metastatic renal cancer. Dual inhibition of vascular endothelium and CSCs is still a challenge due to their different pathological features. Herein, a transformable dual-inhibition system (TDS) based on a self-assembly peptide is proposed to construct nanofibrous barriers on the cell membrane in situ, which contributes to 1) reducing endothelial permeability and angiogenesis; and 2) inhibiting stemness and metastasis of CSCs in renal cancer. TDS specifically targets overexpressed receptor CD105 that provides the possibility to modulate both endothelial cells and CSCs for cancer therapy. Subsequently, owing to ligand-receptor interaction-induced transformation, the nanofibers form a barrier on the cell membrane. For vascular endothelium, TDS reduces the vascular permeability to 67.0% ± 4.7% and decreases angiogenesis to 62.0% ± 4.0%, thereby preventing the renal cancer metastasis. For human-derived CSCs, TDS inhibits stemness by reducing endogenic miR-19b and its transportation via CSCs-derived exosomes, which increases PTEN expression and consequently suppresses CSCs-mediated metastasis. In patient-derived xenograft mice, TDS significantly inhibits the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. It also reduces the metastatic nodules in lung 5.0-fold compared with the control group. TDS opens up a promising avenue for suppressing the metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yulin Lv
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lingrui Jian
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Dayong Hou
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Changhao Zhao
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peipei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
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23
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Xu N, Lin W, Sun J, Sadahira T, Xu A, Watanabe M, Guo K, Araki M, Li G, Liu C, Nasu Y, Huang P. Nitroxoline inhibits bladder cancer progression by reversing EMT process and enhancing anti-tumor immunity. J Cancer 2020; 11:6633-6641. [PMID: 33046984 PMCID: PMC7545671 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroxoline is considered to be an effective treatment for the urinary tract infections. Recently, it has been found to be effective against several cancers. However, few studies have examined the anti-tumor activity of nitroxoline in bladder cancer. The purpose of the study was to reveal the possible mechanisms how nitroxoline inhibited bladder cancer progression. In vitro assay, we demonstrated that nitroxoline inhibited bladder cancer cell growth and migration in a concentration-related manner. Western blot analysis demonstrated that nitroxoline downregulated the expressions of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Furthermore, treatment with nitroxoline in the C3H/He mice bladder cancer subcutaneous model resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, the percentage of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in peripheral blood cells significantly decreased after treatment of nitroxoline. Taken together, our results suggested that nitroxoline may be used as a potential drug for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijin Xu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Lin
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jingkai Sun
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Takuya Sadahira
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Abai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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24
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Litecká M, Prachařová J, Kašpárková J, Brabec V, Smolková R, Gyepes R, Obuch J, Kubíček V, Potočňák I. Low-dimensional compounds containing bioactive ligands. Part XV: Antiproliferative activity of tris(5-nitro-8-quinolinolato)gallium(III) complex with noticeable selectivity against the cancerous cells. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Selvaraj J, Prabha T, Yadav N. Identification of Drug Candidates for Breast Cancer Therapy Through Scaffold Repurposing: A Brief Review. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 13:3-15. [PMID: 32838729 DOI: 10.2174/2589977512666200824103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional drug discovery is a time consuming and expensive expedition with less clinical preference achievement proportion intended for breast cancer therapy. Even if numerous novel approaches to the conformation of drugs have been introduced for breast cancer therapy, they are yet to be implemented in clinical practice. This tempting strategy facilitates a remarkable chance to take the entire benefit of existing drugs. Despite drug repurposing significantly decrease the investigational period and cost, it has got many objections and issues. Scaffold repurposing is an approach that procures a novel significance on the decrepit motto of "to commencement with a pristine drug" . Hence, we move into a probable and nearer approach, the exploitation of scaffolds, which was originally developed for other purposes, including anti-tumor activity. In this review, we summarize different drugs and scaffolds used in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubie Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thangavelu Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Koorapalayam Pirivu, Pitchandam Palayam Post, Erode-638052, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Neetu Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
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26
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In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Potent Antileishmanial Methionine Aminopeptidase 1 Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01422-19. [PMID: 32179532 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01422-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania major is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). No human vaccine is available for CL, and current drug regimens present several drawbacks, such as emerging resistance, severe toxicity, medium effectiveness, and/or high cost. Thus, the need for better treatment options against CL is a priority. In the present study, we validate the enzyme methionine aminopeptidase 1 of L. major (MetAP1Lm), a metalloprotease that catalyzes the removal of N-terminal methionine from peptides and proteins, as a chemotherapeutic target against CL infection. The in vitro antileishmanial activities of eight novel MetAP1 inhibitors (OJT001 to OJT008) were investigated. Three compounds, OJT006, OJT007, and OJT008, demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects in macrophages infected with L. major amastigotes and promastigotes at submicromolar concentrations, with no cytotoxicity against host cells. Importantly, the leishmanicidal effect in transgenic L. major promastigotes overexpressing MetAP1Lm was diminished by almost 10-fold in comparison to the effect in wild-type promastigotes. Furthermore, the in vivo activities of OJT006, OJT007, and OJT008 were investigated in L. major-infected BALB/c mice. In comparison to the footpad parasite load in the control group, OJT008 decreased the footpad parasite load significantly, by 86%, and exhibited no toxicity in treated mice. We propose MetAP1 inhibitor OJT008 as a potential chemotherapeutic candidate against CL infection caused by L. major infection.
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27
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Vizovišek M, Vidak E, Javoršek U, Mikhaylov G, Bratovš A, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins as therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:573-588. [PMID: 32228244 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1746765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cysteine cathepsins are involved in the development and progression of numerous inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, arthritis, bone and immune disorders. Consequently, there is a drive to progress research efforts focused on cathepsin use in diagnostics and as therapeutic targets in disease.Areas covered: This review discusses the potential of cysteine cathepsins as therapeutic targets in inflammation-associated diseases and recent advances in preclinical and clinical research. We describe direct targeting of cathepsins for treatment purposes and their indirect use in diagnostics.Expert opinion: The targeting of cysteine cathepsins has not translated into the clinic; this failure is attributed to off- and on-target side effects and/or the lack of companion biomarkers. This field now embraces developments in diagnostic imaging, the activation of prodrugs and antibody-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery. The future lies in improved molecular tools and therapeutic concepts that will find a wide spectrum of uses in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vizovišek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Vidak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Javoršek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Georgy Mikhaylov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Bratovš
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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28
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Veschi S, Ronci M, Lanuti P, De Lellis L, Florio R, Bologna G, Scotti L, Carletti E, Brugnoli F, Di Bella MC, Bertagnolo V, Marchisio M, Cama A. Integrative proteomic and functional analyses provide novel insights into the action of the repurposed drug candidate nitroxoline in AsPC-1 cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2574. [PMID: 32054977 PMCID: PMC7018951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified nitroxoline as a repurposed drug candidate in pancreatic cancer (PC) showing a dose-dependent antiproliferative activity in different PC cell lines. This antibiotic is effective in several in vitro and animal cancer models. To date, the mechanisms of nitroxoline anticancer action are largely unknown. Using shotgun proteomics we identified 363 proteins affected by nitroxoline treatment in AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, including 81 consistently deregulated at both 24- and 48-hour treatment. These proteins previously unknown to be affected by nitroxoline were mostly downregulated and interconnected in a single highly-enriched network of protein-protein interactions. Integrative proteomic and functional analyses revealed nitroxoline-induced downregulation of Na/K-ATPase pump and β-catenin, which associated with drastic impairment in cell growth, migration, invasion, increased ROS production and induction of DNA damage response. Remarkably, nitroxoline induced a previously unknown deregulation of molecules with a critical role in cell bioenergetics, which resulted in mitochondrial depolarization. Our study also suggests that deregulation of cytosolic iron homeostasis and of co-translational targeting to membrane contribute to nitroxoline anticancer action. This study broadens our understanding of the mechanisms of nitroxoline action, showing that the drug modulates multiple proteins crucial in cancer biology and previously unknown to be affected by nitroxoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-Me.T), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-Me.T), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-Me.T), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Scotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erminia Carletti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-Me.T), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Brugnoli
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-Me.T), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-Me.T), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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29
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Petushkova AI, Savvateeva LV, Korolev DO, Zamyatnin AA. Cysteine Cathepsins: Potential Applications in Diagnostics and Therapy of Malignant Tumors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:746-761. [PMID: 31509726 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791907006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes involved in protein degradation in lysosomes and endosomes. Cysteine cathepsins have been also found in the tumor microenvironment during carcinogenesis, where they are implicated in proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells through the degradation of extracellular matrix, suppression of cell-cell interactions, and promotion of angiogenesis. In this regard, cathepsins can have a diagnostic value and represent promising targets for antitumor drugs aimed at inhibition of these proteases. Moreover, cysteine cathepsins can be used as activators of novel targeted therapeutic agents. This review summarizes recent discovered roles of cysteine cathepsins in carcinogenesis and discusses new trends in cancer therapy and diagnostics using cysteine cathepsins as markers, targets, or activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Petushkova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - L V Savvateeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D O Korolev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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30
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Knez D, Sosič I, Pišlar A, Mitrović A, Jukič M, Kos J, Gobec S. Biological Evaluation of 8-Hydroxyquinolines as Multi-Target Directed Ligands for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:801-814. [PMID: 31660830 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191010130351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that multi-target directed ligands have great potential for the treatment of complex diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate novel chimeric 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands with merged pharmacophores as potential multifunctional ligands for AD. METHODS Nitroxoline, PBT2 and compounds 2-4 were evaluated in-vitro for their inhibitory potencies on cathepsin B, cholinesterases, and monoamine oxidases. Furthermore, chelation, antioxidative properties and the permeability of Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) were evaluated by spectroscopy-based assays and the inhibition of Amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation was determined in immunoassay. Cell-based assays were performed to determine cytotoxicity, neuroprotection against toxic Aβ species, and the effects of compound 2 on apoptotic cascade. RESULTS Compounds 2-4 competitively inhibited cathepsin B β-secretase activity, chelated metal ions and were weak antioxidants. All of the compounds inhibited Aβ aggregation, whereas only compound 2 had a good BBB permeability according to the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. Tested ligands 2 and 3 were not cytotoxic to SH-SY5Y and HepG2 cells at 10 μM. Compound 2 exerted neuroprotective effects towards Aβ toxicity, reduced the activation of caspase-3/7 and diminished the apoptosis of cells treated with Aβ1-42. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that compound 2 holds a promise to be used as a multifunctional ligand for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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31
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Bauzá A, Frontera A, Mooibroek TJ. π-Hole Interactions Involving Nitro Aromatic Ligands in Protein Structures. Chemistry 2019; 25:13436-13443. [PMID: 31453653 PMCID: PMC6856858 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Studying noncanonical intermolecular interactions between a ligand and a protein constitutes an emerging research field. Identifying synthetically accessible molecular fragments that can engage in intermolecular interactions is a key objective in this area. Here, it is shown that so-called "π-hole interactions" are present between the nitro moiety in nitro aromatic ligands and lone pairs within protein structures (water and protein carbonyls and sulfurs). Ample structural evidence was found in a PDB analysis and computations reveal interaction energies of about -5 kcal mol-1 for ligand-protein π-hole interactions. Several examples are highlighted for which a π-hole interaction is implicated in the superior binding affinity or inhibition of a nitro aromatic ligand versus a similar non-nitro analogue. The discovery that π-hole interactions with nitro aromatics are significant within protein structures parallels the finding that halogen bonds are biologically relevant. This has implications for the interpretation of ligand-protein complexation phenomena, for example, involving the more than 50 approved drugs that contain a nitro aromatic moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bauzá
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCrta. de Valldemossa km 7.507122Palma (Baleares)Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCrta. de Valldemossa km 7.507122Palma (Baleares)Spain
| | - Tiddo Jonathan Mooibroek
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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32
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Mitrović A, Kljun J, Sosič I, Uršič M, Meden A, Gobec S, Kos J, Turel I. Organoruthenated Nitroxoline Derivatives Impair Tumor Cell Invasion through Inhibition of Cathepsin B Activity. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12334-12347. [PMID: 31464130 PMCID: PMC6751773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lysosomal
cysteine peptidase cathepsin B (catB) is an important tumor-promoting
factor involved in tumor progression and metastasis representing a
relevant target for the development of new antitumor agents. In the
present study, we synthesized 11 ruthenium compounds bearing either
the clinical agent nitroxoline that was previously identified as potent
selective reversible inhibitor of catB activity or its derivatives.
We demonstrated that organoruthenation is a viable strategy for obtaining
highly effective and specific inhibitors of catB endo- and exopeptidase
activity, as shown using enzyme kinetics and microscale thermophoresis.
Furthermore, we showed that the novel metallodrugs by catB inhibition
significantly impair processes of tumor progression in in vitro cell
based functional assays at low noncytotoxic concentrations. Generally,
by using metallodrugs we observed an improvement in catB inhibition,
a reduction of extracellular matrix degradation and tumor cell invasion
in comparison to free ligands, and a correlation with the reactivity
of the monodentate halide leaving ligand. Eleven ruthenium
compounds bearing either the clinical agent nitroxoline or its potent
cathepsin B (catB) inhibiting derivatives were evaluated as antimetastatic
agents. We demonstrated that organoruthenation is a viable strategy
for obtaining highly effective and specific inhibitors of catB activities,
as shown using enzyme kinetics and microscale thermophoresis. Furthermore,
we showed that the novel metallodrugs significantly impair processes
of tumor progression in in vitro cell based functional assays at low
noncytotoxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mitrović
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva c. 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova c. 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva c. 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Matija Uršič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Anton Meden
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva c. 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva c. 7 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova c. 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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33
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Parvathaneni V, Kulkarni NS, Muth A, Gupta V. Drug repurposing: a promising tool to accelerate the drug discovery process. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2076-2085. [PMID: 31238113 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional drug discovery and development involves several stages for the discovery of a new drug and to obtain marketing approval. It is necessary to discover new strategies for reducing the drug discovery time frame. Today, drug repurposing has gained importance in identifying new therapeutic uses for already-available drugs. Typically, repurposing can be achieved serendipitously (unintentional fortunate observations) or through systematic approaches. Numerous strategies to discover new indications for FDA-approved drugs are discussed in this article. Drug repurposing has therefore become a productive approach for drug discovery because it provides a novel way to explore old drugs for new use but encounters several challenges. Some examples of different approaches are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineela Parvathaneni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nishant S Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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34
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Heinrich T, Seenisamy J, Blume B, Bomke J, Calderini M, Eckert U, Friese-Hamim M, Kohl R, Lehmann M, Leuthner B, Musil D, Rohdich F, Zenke FT. Discovery and Structure-Based Optimization of Next-Generation Reversible Methionine Aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5025-5039. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Heinrich
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Beatrix Blume
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg Bomke
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michel Calderini
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Uwe Eckert
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Manja Friese-Hamim
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rainer Kohl
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Birgitta Leuthner
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Djordje Musil
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Rohdich
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frank T. Zenke
- Merck Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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35
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Yu J, Ji C, Shi M. Nitroxoline induces cell apoptosis by inducing MDM2 degradation in small‐cell lung cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:202-208. [PMID: 30896891 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Guo Yu
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Cheng‐Hong Ji
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Min‐Hua Shi
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
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36
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Xu N, Huang L, Li X, Watanabe M, Li C, Xu A, Liu C, Li Q, Araki M, Wada K, Nasu Y, Huang P. The Novel Combination of Nitroxoline and PD-1 Blockade, Exerts a Potent Antitumor Effect in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:919-928. [PMID: 31182913 PMCID: PMC6535792 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer. Nitroxoline has been found to have effective anticancer properties in several cancer types. We investigated the efficacy of a combination therapy involving nitroxoline and PD-1 blockade in a prostate cancer mouse model. In our in vitro analysis, we found that nitroxoline inhibited the viability and proliferation of the mouse prostate cancer cell line RM9-Luc-PSA. Additionally, nitroxoline downregulated the expressions of phospho-PI3 kinase, phospho-Akt (Thr308), phospho-Akt (Ser473), phospho-GSK-3β, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. Nitroxoline also downregulated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels in prostate cancer cell line and tumor tissue. In our murine prostate cancer orthotopic model, nitroxoline plus PD-1 blockade synergistically suppressed tumor growth when compared with nitroxoline or PD-1 blockade alone, leading to reductions in tumor weight, bioluminescence tumor signals, and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that the combination strategy significantly enhanced antitumor immunity by increasing CD44+CD62L+CD8+ memory T cell numbers and reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cell numbers in peripheral blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nitroxoline plus PD-1 blockade may be a promising treatment strategy in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijin Xu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Linglong Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, The 5 th Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chaoming Li
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Abai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Qiang Li
- Jiangsu Asieris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.,Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China.,Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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37
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Chen AY, Adamek RN, Dick BL, Credille CV, Morrison CN, Cohen SM. Targeting Metalloenzymes for Therapeutic Intervention. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1323-1455. [PMID: 30192523 PMCID: PMC6405328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes in these processes also makes them central for the progression of many diseases and, as such, makes metalloenzymes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Increasing awareness of the role metalloenzymes play in disease and their importance as a class of targets has amplified interest in the development of new strategies to develop inhibitors and ultimately useful drugs. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of several drug discovery efforts focused on metalloenzymes and attempt to map out the current landscape of high-value metalloenzyme targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Cy V Credille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Christine N Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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38
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Yang X, Qu S, Wang L, Zhang H, Yang Z, Wang J, Dai B, Tao K, Shang R, Liu Z, Li X, Zhang Z, Xia C, Ma B, Liu W, Li H, Dou K. PTBP3 splicing factor promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by destroying the splicing balance of NEAT1 and pre-miR-612. Oncogene 2018; 37:6399-6413. [PMID: 30068940 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear-enriched RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, which is a critical checkpoint to tune gene diversity and expression levels. We analyzed nuclear RBPs in human HCC tissues and matched normal control tissues. Based on the gene expression levels, PTBP3 was identified as top-ranked in the nuclei of HCC cells. HCC cell lines then were transfected with siRNAs or lentiviral vectors. PTBP3 promoted HCC cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and qRT-PCR assays verified that PTBP3 protein recruited abundant lnc-NEAT1 splicing variants (NEAT1_1 and NEAT1_2) and pre-miR-612 (precursor of miR-612) in the nucleus. NEAT1_1, NEAT1_2 and miR-612 expression levels were determined by PTBP3. Correlational analyses revealed that PTBP3 was positively correlated with NEAT1, but it was inversely correlated with miR-612 in HCC. The P53/CCND1 and AKT2/EMT pathways were determined by NEAT1 and miR-612 respectively in HCC. The PTBP3high and NEAT1high/miR-612low patients had a shorter overall survival. Therefore, nuclear-enriched RBP, PTBP3, promotes HCC cell malignant growth and metastasis by regulating the balance of splicing variants (NEAT1_1, NEAT1_2 and miR-612) in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shibin Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengcai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuochao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congcong Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haimin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Kefeng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Veschi S, De Lellis L, Florio R, Lanuti P, Massucci A, Tinari N, De Tursi M, di Sebastiano P, Marchisio M, Natoli C, Cama A. Effects of repurposed drug candidates nitroxoline and nelfinavir as single agents or in combination with erlotinib in pancreatic cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:236. [PMID: 30241558 PMCID: PMC6151049 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Combination therapies with classical chemotherapeutic agents improved treatment of advanced PC at the cost of a relevant toxicity, but the 5-year survival rate remains below 5%. Consequently, new therapeutic options for this disease are urgently needed. In this study, we explored the effect of two repurposed drug candidates nelfinavir and nitroxoline, approved for non-anticancer human use, in PC cell lines. Nelfinavir and nitroxoline were tested as single agents, or in combinations with or without erlotinib, a targeted drug approved for PC treatment. Methods The effects of the drugs on the viability of AsPC-1, Capan-2 and BxPC-3 PC cell lines were assessed by MTT. The impact of the treatments on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The effects of treatments on proteins relevant in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis were evaluated by western blot. Self-renewal capacity of PC cell lines after drug treatments was assessed using a clonogenic assay. Results When used as single agents, nelfinavir and nitroxoline decreased viability, affected cell cycle and reduced the expression of relevant cell cycle proteins. The effects on apoptosis were variable among PC cell lines. Moreover, these agents drastically impaired clonogenic activity of the three PC cell lines. Combinations of nelfinavir and nitroxoline, with or without erlotinib, resulted in dose- and cell-dependent synergistic effects on cell viability. These effects were paralleled by cell cycle alterations and more consistent apoptosis induction as compared to single agents. Treatments with drug combinations induced drastic impairment of clonogenic activity in the three cell lines. Conclusions This study shows that two non-antitumor drugs, nelfinavir and nitroxoline, as single agents or in combination have antitumor effects that appear comparable, or in some case more pronounced than those of erlotinib in three PC cell lines. Our results support repurposing of these approved drugs as single agents or in combination for PC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0904-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Unit of General Pathology, Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Massucci
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele De Tursi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Marco Marchisio
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Unit of General Pathology, Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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40
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Cysteine cathepsins as a prospective target for anticancer therapies-current progress and prospects. Biochimie 2018; 151:85-106. [PMID: 29870804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins (CTS), being involved in both physiological and pathological processes, play an important role in the human body. During the last 30 years, it has been shown that CTS are highly upregulated in a wide variety of cancer types although they have received a little attention as a potential therapeutic target as compared to serine or metalloproteinases. Studies on the increasing problem of neoplastic progression have revealed that secretion of cell-surface- and intracellular cysteine proteases is aberrant in tumor cells and has an impact on their growth, invasion, and metastasis by taking part in tumor angiogenesis, in apoptosis, and in events of inflammatory and immune responses. Considering the role of CTS in carcinogenesis, inhibition of these enzymes becomes an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. The downregulation of natural CTS inhibitors (CTSsis), such as cystatins, observed in various types of cancer, supports this claim. The intention of this review is to highlight the relationship of CTS with cancer and to present illustrations that explain how some of their inhibitors affect processes related to neoplastic progression.
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41
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Turanli B, Grøtli M, Boren J, Nielsen J, Uhlen M, Arga KY, Mardinoglu A. Drug Repositioning for Effective Prostate Cancer Treatment. Front Physiol 2018; 9:500. [PMID: 29867548 PMCID: PMC5962745 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning has gained attention from both academia and pharmaceutical companies as an auxiliary process to conventional drug discovery. Chemotherapeutic agents have notorious adverse effects that drastically reduce the life quality of cancer patients so drug repositioning is a promising strategy to identify non-cancer drugs which have anti-cancer activity as well as tolerable adverse effects for human health. There are various strategies for discovery and validation of repurposed drugs. In this review, 25 repurposed drug candidates are presented as result of different strategies, 15 of which are already under clinical investigation for treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). To date, zoledronic acid is the only repurposed, clinically used, and approved non-cancer drug for PCa. Anti-cancer activities of existing drugs presented in this review cover diverse and also known mechanisms such as inhibition of mTOR and VEGFR2 signaling, inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling, COX and selective COX-2 inhibition, NF-κB inhibition, Wnt/β-Catenin pathway inhibition, DNMT1 inhibition, and GSK-3β inhibition. In addition to monotherapy option, combination therapy with current anti-cancer drugs may also increase drug efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Thus, drug repositioning may become a key approach for drug discovery in terms of time- and cost-efficiency comparing to conventional drug discovery and development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Turanli
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kazim Y. Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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42
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Sosič I, Mitrović A, Ćurić H, Knez D, Brodnik Žugelj H, Štefane B, Kos J, Gobec S. Cathepsin B inhibitors: Further exploration of the nitroxoline core. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1239-1247. [PMID: 29503024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human cathepsin B is a cysteine protease with many house-keeping functions, such as intracellular proteolysis within lysosomes. Its increased activity and expression have been strongly associated with many pathological processes, including cancers. We present here the design and synthesis of novel derivatives of nitroxoline as inhibitors of cathepsin B. These were prepared either by omitting the pyridine part, or by modifying positions 2, 7, and 8 of nitroxoline. All compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit endopeptidase and exopeptidase activities of cathepsin B. For the most promising inhibitors, the ability to reduce extracellular and intracellular collagen IV degradation was determined, followed by their evaluation in cell-based in vitro models of tumor invasion. The presented data show that we have further defined the structural requirements for cathepsin B inhibition by nitroxoline derivatives and provided additional knowledge that could lead to non-peptidic compounds with usefulness against tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hrvoje Ćurić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Brodnik Žugelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bogdan Štefane
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the most potent quinoline-based anti-infectives for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and to understand the molecular mechanisms. A small-scale screen against a panel of marketed quinoline-based drugs was performed in MM cell lines. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. Anti-MM activity was also evaluated in nude mice. Western blotting was performed to investigate mechanisms. Nitroxoline (NXQ) was the most effective in suppressing MM cell proliferation. NXQ induced more than 40% MM cell apoptosis within 24 h and potentiated anti-MM activities of current major drugs including doxorubicin and lenalidomide. This finding was shown by activation of caspase-3, a major executive apoptotic enzyme, and by inactivation of PARP, a major enzyme in DNA damage repair. NXQ also suppressed prosurvival proteins Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Moreover, NXQ suppressed the growth of myeloma xenografts in nude mice models. In the mechanistic study, NXQ was found to downregulate TRIM25, a highly expressed ubiquitin ligase in MM. Notably, NXQ upregulated tumor suppressor p53, but not PTEN. Furthermore, overexpression of TRIM25 decreased p53 protein. This study indicated that the long-term use of anti-infective NXQ has potential for MM treatment by targeting the TRIM25/p53 axle.
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Mitrović A, Sosič I, Kos Š, Tratar UL, Breznik B, Kranjc S, Mirković B, Gobec S, Lah T, Serša G, Kos J. Addition of 2-(ethylamino)acetonitrile group to nitroxoline results in significantly improved anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59136-59147. [PMID: 28938624 PMCID: PMC5601720 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal cysteine peptidase cathepsin B, involved in multiple processes associated with tumor progression, is validated as a target for anti-cancer therapy. Nitroxoline, a known antimicrobial agent, is a potent and selective inhibitor of cathepsin B, hence reducing tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. In order to further improve its anti-cancer properties we developed a number of derivatives using structure-based chemical synthesis. Of these, the 7-aminomethylated derivative (compound 17) exhibited significantly improved kinetic properties over nitroxoline, inhibiting cathepsin B endopeptidase activity selectively. In the present study, we have evaluated its anti-cancer properties. It was more effective than nitroxoline in reducing tumor cell invasion and migration, as determined in vitro on two-dimensional cell models and tumor spheroids, under either endpoint or real time conditions. Moreover, it exhibited improved action over nitroxoline in impairing tumor growth in vivo in LPB mouse fibrosarcoma tumors in C57Bl/6 mice. Taken together, the addition of a 2-(ethylamino)acetonitrile group to nitroxoline at position 7 significantly improves its pharmacological characteristics and its potential for use as an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mitrović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Kos
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urša Lampreht Tratar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Mirković
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Serša
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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45
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El-Wakiel N, El-Ghamry H. Nitroxoline Azo Dye Complexes as Effective Heterogeneous Catalysts for Color Removal and Degradation of Some Organic Textile Dyes. INT J CHEM KINET 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El-Wakiel
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tanta University; Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Hoda El-Ghamry
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tanta University; Tanta 31527 Egypt
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Applied Science; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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46
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Deka B, Sarkar T, Banerjee S, Kumar A, Mukherjee S, Deka S, Saikia KK, Hussain A. Novel mitochondria targeted copper(ii) complexes of ferrocenyl terpyridine and anticancer active 8-hydroxyquinolines showing remarkable cytotoxicity, DNA and protein binding affinity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:396-409. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-ligand ferrocenyl copper(ii) complexes target the mitochondria of cancer cells showing remarkable cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells while being much less toxic to MCF-10A normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Deka
- Department of Chemistry
- Handique Girls’ College
- Guwahati 781001
- India
| | - Tukki Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Handique Girls’ College
- Guwahati 781001
- India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012
- India
| | - Sanjoy Mukherjee
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Sasanka Deka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Kandarpa K. Saikia
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology
- GUIST
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati 781014
- India
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry
- Handique Girls’ College
- Guwahati 781001
- India
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47
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Jiang H, Xing J, Wang C, Zhang H, Yue L, Wan X, Chen W, Ding H, Xie Y, Tao H, Chen Z, Jiang H, Chen K, Chen S, Zheng M, Zhang Y, Luo C. Discovery of novel BET inhibitors by drug repurposing of nitroxoline and its analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9352-9361. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02369c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The BET family of bromodomain-containing proteins (BRDs) is believed to be a promising drug target for therapeutic intervention in a number of diseases.
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48
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Antidepressant indatraline induces autophagy and inhibits restenosis via suppression of mTOR/S6 kinase signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34655. [PMID: 27694974 PMCID: PMC5046148 DOI: 10.1038/srep34655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indatraline is an antidepressive agent and a non-selective monoamine transporter inhibitor that blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine). In this study, we report that indatraline induces autophagy via the suppression of mTOR/S6 kinase signaling. Autophagy induction was examined by a cell-based high content screening system using LysoTracker, which was followed by monodansylcadaverine staining and transmission electron microscope observation. Indatraline increased the number of EGFP-LC3 cells expressing autophagosomes in the cytoplasm. Conversion of LC3 was further validated by immunoblotting. Indatraline induced autophagy by affecting the AMPK/mTOR/S6K signaling axis and had no influence on the PI3K/AKT/ERK signaling. Moreover, indatraline induced autophagy in smooth muscle cells (SMCs); further, it exhibited therapeutic potential for restenosis by inhibiting SMC accumulation in a rat restenosis model. These results provide new insights into the role of monoamine transporters in autophagy regulation and identify indatraline as a novel agent for inducing autophagy.
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49
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Shen R, Li J, Ye D, Wang Q, Fei J. Combination of onconase and dihydroartemisinin synergistically suppresses growth and angiogenesis of non-small-cell lung carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:894-901. [PMID: 27590062 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Onconase (Onc) is a cytotoxic ribonuclease derived from leopard frog oocytes or early embryos, and has been applied to the treatment of malignant mesothelioma in clinics. Onc also exhibits effective growth suppression of human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Artemisinin (Art) and its derivatives are novel antimalarial drugs that exhibit antitumor and antivirus activities. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of combinations of Onc and an Art derivative, dihydroartemisinin (DHA), both in vitro and in vivo Isobologram analyses showed synergistic effects on the proliferation of NSCLC cells under the treatment with Onc and DHA. In vivo experiments also showed that the antitumor effect of Onc was markedly enhanced by DHA in mouse xenograft models. No obvious adverse effect was observed after the treatment. The density of microvasculature in the tumor tissues treated with Onc/DHA combination was lower than those treated with Onc or DHA alone. The above results are consistent with the results of the matrigel plug test for angiogenesis suppression using the Onc/DHA combination. These results imply that the anti-angiogenesis effects may make important contributions to the in vivo antitumor effects of the Onc/DHA combination treatment. The Onc/DHA combination therapy may have the potential to become a novel regimen for NSCLC and mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruling Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Danrong Ye
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingcheng Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
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50
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John SF, Aniemeke E, Ha NP, Chong CR, Gu P, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Graviss EA, Liu JO, Olaleye OA. Characterization of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone as a novel inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101S:S73-S77. [PMID: 27856197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pose a major public health threat. The 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) report estimates that one in three HIV deaths is due to Mtb, the causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB). The lethal synergy between these two pathogens leads to a decline in the immune function of infected individuals as well as a rise in morbidity and mortality rates. The deadly interaction between TB and HIV, along with the heightened emergence of drug resistance, drug-drug interactions, reduced drug efficacy and increased drug toxicity, has made the therapeutic management of co-infected individuals a major challenge. Hence, the development of new drug targets and/or new drug leads are imperative for the effective therapeutic management of co-infected patients. Here, we report the characterization of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (311), a known inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and transcription as a new inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: MtMetAP1a and MtMetAP1c. MetAP is a metalloprotease that removes the N-terminal methionine during protein synthesis. The essential role of MetAP in microbes makes it a promising chemotherapeutic target. We demonstrated that 311 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MtMetAP1a and MtMetAP1c. Furthermore, we found that 311 is active against replicating and aged non-growing Mtb at low micromolar concentrations. These results suggest that 311 is a promising lead for the development of novel class of therapeutic agents with dual inhibition of TB and HIV for the treatment of TB-HIV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F John
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Emmanuel Aniemeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Ngan P Ha
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Curtis R Chong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peihua Gu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Omonike A Olaleye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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