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Badowski G, Teria R, Nagata M, Legaspi J, Dulana LJB, Bordallo R, Hernandez BY. Ethnic disparities in early-onset colorectal cancer incidence, screening rates and risk factors prevalence in Guam. Prev Med Rep 2024; 43:102774. [PMID: 38883927 PMCID: PMC11180343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the four most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Guam. This study investigated CRC incidence, screening, and risk factors of early onset CRC across Guam's ethnic groups using data from the Guam Cancer Registry (1998-2020) and the Guam Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2018-2019). Methods Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to compare incidence rates across different age groups stratified by sex, ethnicity, and stage. Incidence rate differences (IRDs) were used to test for significant differences across sex and ethnicity. The Pearson chi-square test was used to assess differences in CRC screening rates by age, sex, education, income, healthcare coverage, and ethnicity, and to examine ethnic group disparities in the prevalence of CRC risk factors. Results The steepest increase in CRC incidence was observed between the 35-39 and 40-44 age groups (IRR = 2.01; 95 % CI: 1.14-3.53) and between the 40-44 and 45-49 age groups (IRR = 1.99; 95 % CI: 1.34-2.97). CHamorus exhibited rate increases at younger ages compared to Filipinos. CRC screening prevalence and associated risk factors showed considerable variation among ethnicities. Conclusions Elevated early-onset CRC rates were observed for both CHamorus and the broader Guam population under 50. The findings support the new recommendation to begin screening at age 45 and efforts to increase screening in Guam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Badowski
- University of Guam, 303 University Drive, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
| | - Rodney Teria
- University of Guam, 303 University Drive, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
| | - Michelle Nagata
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Justin Legaspi
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | | | - Renata Bordallo
- University of Guam, 303 University Drive, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
| | - Brenda Y. Hernandez
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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2
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Shah V, Geller G, Xu D, Taylor L, Griffin S, Usher-Smith JA. Evaluating the potential impact of lifestyle-based behavior change interventions delivered at the time of colorectal cancer screening. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:561-574. [PMID: 37925646 PMCID: PMC10838843 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze interventions implemented at the time of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, or among individuals who have previously undergone investigation for CRC, focused on reducing CRC risk through promotion of lifestyle behavior change. Additionally, this review evaluated to what extent such interventions apply behavior change techniques (BCTs) to achieve their objectives. METHODS Five databases were systematically searched to identify randomized control trials seeking to reduce CRC risk through behavior change. Outcomes were changes in health-related lifestyle behaviors associated with CRC risk, including changes in dietary habits, body mass index, smoking behaviors, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random effects models. BCT's were coded from a published taxonomy of 93 techniques. RESULTS Ten RCT's met the inclusion criteria. Greater increase in fruit/vegetable consumption in the intervention group were observed with respect to the control (SMD 0.13, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.18; p < 0.001). Across fiber, alcohol, fat, red meat, and multivitamin consumption, and smoking behaviors, similar positive outcomes were observed (SMD 0.09-0.57 for all, p < 0.01). However, among physical activity and body mass index, no difference between the intervention groups compared with controls were observed. A median of 7.5 BCTs were applied across included interventions. CONCLUSION While magnitude of the observed effect sizes varied, they correspond to potentially important changes in lifestyle behaviors when considered on a population scale. Future interventions should identify avenues to maximize long-term engagement to promote sustained lifestyle behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeraj Shah
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
| | - Greta Geller
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Diane Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Lily Taylor
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Simon Griffin
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Juliet A Usher-Smith
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
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3
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Corbett L, Phongsavan P, Okely AD, Peralta LR, Bauman A. A cross-sectional study of Australian teachers' health: are work-related factors associated with lifestyle behaviours? Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daad192. [PMID: 38198724 PMCID: PMC10781439 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Teacher's lifestyle behaviours are important because they lead to positive health outcomes for teachers themselves and because teachers model behaviour to their students. This cross-sectional study examined the lifestyle behaviours of a large sample of teachers in New South Wales (NSW), Australia and assessed the association between work-related factors and lifestyle behaviours. From February to October 2021, data were collected on the lifestyle behaviours, work-related factors and socio-demographics of primary and secondary school teachers in NSW, via an online survey. Associations between individual work-related factors and lifestyle behaviours were modelled using logistic regression and adjusted for sex, age, number of children and geographic location. Most of our survey sample (n = 1136) were women (75%) and 53% were reported as having overweight or obesity. Only 23% of teachers met the recommended physical activity guidelines, 39% met fruit intake guidelines, 9% met vegetable intake guidelines and 58% met healthy sleep guidelines. Most teachers (78%) met the recommendation of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, 89% were not current smokers, but only 46% met the recommended alcohol consumption guidelines. Hours worked, teaching load, school sector and teacher role were associated with one or more lifestyle behaviours after adjusting for the demographic variables. This study highlights the need for additional support to improve the health-related behaviours of teachers in NSW. Policymakers should recognize the negative impact of high workloads on teachers' health-related behaviours, increasing their risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Corbett
- Sydney School of Public Health, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Louisa R Peralta
- Sydney School of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, Manning Rd, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Sydney School of Public Health, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
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Power RF, Doherty DE, Parker I, Gallagher DJ, Lowery MA, Cadoo KA. Modifiable Risk Factors and Risk of Colorectal and Endometrial Cancers in Lynch Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300196. [PMID: 38207227 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lynch syndrome is the most common hereditary cause of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Modifiable risk factors, including obesity, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking, are well-established in sporadic cancers but are less studied in Lynch syndrome. METHODS Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies that investigated the association between modifiable risk factors and the risk of colorectal or endometrial cancer in people with Lynch syndrome. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for colorectal and endometrial cancers were pooled using a random effects model. The protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42022378462), and the meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines. RESULTS A total of 770 citations were reviewed. Eighteen studies were identified for qualitative synthesis, with seven colorectal cancer (CRC) studies eligible for meta-analysis. Obesity (HR, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.52 to 3.73]) was associated with increased CRC risk. There was no increased CRC risk associated with smoking (HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.82 to 1.32]) or alcohol intake (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.97 to 1.81]). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and some dietary factors might increase risk of CRC although more studies are needed. In a qualitative synthesis of three endometrial cancer cohort studies, female hormonal risk factors and T2DM may affect the risk of endometrial cancer, but obesity was not associated with an increased risk. CONCLUSION Lifestyle recommendations related to weight and physical activity may also be relevant to cancer prevention for individuals with Lynch syndrome. Further high-quality prospective cohort studies, in particular, including endometrial cancer as an end point, are needed to inform evidence-based cancer prevention strategies in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Power
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer Genetics Service, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Imelda Parker
- Department of Biostatistics, Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Gallagher
- Cancer Genetics Service, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve A Lowery
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen A Cadoo
- Cancer Genetics Service, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
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Williams DM, Bohlen LC, Dunsiger S, Ayala-Heredia V, Griffin E, Dionne L, Wilson-Barthes M, Unick J, LaRowe LR, Galárraga O. Testing an insurance-based monetary incentive program for exercise: RCT design and rationale. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 135:107382. [PMID: 37935304 PMCID: PMC10698803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Participation in regular physical activity (PA) has numerous health benefits; however, as few as 10% of U.S. adults meet guidelines when device-based assessments of PA are used. The present paper presents the design and rationale for an RCT examining the efficacy of an exercise incentive program currently offered by at least three major US insurance companies, in which participants must attend a YMCA fitness facility at least 50 times within 6 months to receive an incentive. In a factorial design, incentive amount ($200, $100, $0) is crossed with a comparison of the standard gain-framed incentive program and a loss-framed incentive condition in which participants are told their membership fee is being held and will be returned or forfeited depending on their fitness facility attendance. Participants (N = 330) are randomized to gain-framed $100 incentive (n = 55), gain-framed $200 incentive (n = 55), loss-framed $100 incentive (n = 55), loss-framed $200 incentive (n = 55), or control (n = 110). Each participant is enrolled in the same condition for two consecutive 6-month periods for a total of 12 months per participant. The primary outcome is number of visits to the fitness facility over each 6-month period, verified by objective swipe-card data. Secondary outcomes include total moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) over 7-day periods assessed at 3-month intervals through accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3x-BT) and self-report. Habit formation and anticipated regret are putative mediators and household income is a putative moderator of the incentive-based programs. A payer-perspective, within-trial cost-utility analysis will quantify the incremental costs per (a) quality-adjusted life year gained, (b) YMCA attendance, and (c) change in MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Williams
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Lauren Connell Bohlen
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Viveka Ayala-Heredia
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Griffin
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura Dionne
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marta Wilson-Barthes
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jessica Unick
- The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lisa R LaRowe
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Omar Galárraga
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
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Ma S, Liu H, Sun C, Meng M, Qu G, Jiang Y, Wu B, Gao J, Feng L, Xie P, Xia W, Sun Y. Effect of physical activity on incidence and mortality in patients with gastric cancer: evidence from real-world studies. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:1095-1111. [PMID: 37491662 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) has been suggested to reduce the risk of cancer. However, previous studies have been inconsistent regarding the relationship between PA and the risk of developing gastric cancer (GC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of PA on the incidence and mortality risk of GC through a meta-analysis, as well as investigate potential dose-response relationships. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in 10 electronic databases and 4 registries. The combined relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CIs) to assess the effect of PA on the risk of GC. Relevant subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS The results showed that PA correlated with lower incidence of GC (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.90), decreased risk of GC mortality (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66-0.89). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that PA was associated with reduced incidence of GC across gender, different regions, study designs, different sites of GC and different types of PA. A linear relationship was found for frequency of PA. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found that PA was associated with a reduced risk of GC incidence and mortality. The correlation between PA and GC occurrence was in a dose-response relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Muzi Meng
- UK Program Site, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Vernon Building Room 64, Sizer St, Preston, PR1 1JQ, UK
- Bronxcare Health System, 1650 Grand Concourse, The Bronx, NY, 10457, USA
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yuemeng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University North District, No. 100 Huaihai Dadao, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, No. 100 Huaihai Dadao, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Birong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Linya Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Weihang Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P.R. China.
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 64 Chaohubei Road, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China.
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Van Dingenen L, Segers C, Wouters S, Mysara M, Leys N, Kumar-Singh S, Malhotra-Kumar S, Van Houdt R. Dissecting the role of the gut microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in radio- and immunotherapy treatment of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1298264. [PMID: 38035338 PMCID: PMC10687483 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1298264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and poses a major burden on the human health worldwide. At the moment, treatment of CRC consists of surgery in combination with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. More recently, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have also been approved for CRC treatment. In addition, recent studies have shown that radiotherapy and ICBs act synergistically, with radiotherapy stimulating the immune system that is activated by ICBs. However, both treatments are also associated with severe toxicity and efficacy issues, which can lead to temporary or permanent discontinuation of these treatment programs. There's growing evidence pointing to the gut microbiome playing a role in these issues. Some microorganisms seem to contribute to radiotherapy-associated toxicity and hinder ICB efficacy, while others seem to reduce radiotherapy-associated toxicity or enhance ICB efficacy. Consequently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been applied to reduce radio- and immunotherapy-related toxicity and enhance their efficacies. Here, we have reviewed the currently available preclinical and clinical data in CRC treatment, with a focus on how the gut microbiome influences radio- and immunotherapy toxicity and efficacy and if these treatments could benefit from FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Van Dingenen
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Segers
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Shari Wouters
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Science, School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Natalie Leys
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
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Basudan AM, Basuwdan AM, Abudawood M, Farzan R, Alfhili MA. Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Incidence Patterns in Saudi Arabia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2198. [PMID: 38004338 PMCID: PMC10671997 DOI: 10.3390/life13112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the commonest cancer in Saudi males and the third most common in Saudi females. Although CRC represents a major public health challenge, the resources to evaluate its burden are inadequate. This study aims to elucidate the magnitude of CRC incidence trends in the Saudi population by age, gender, and administrative region. Data for multiple incidence measures were analyzed from the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) retrospectively from 2001 to 2018. Temporal trends were further analyzed by age group, gender, administrative region, and globally using joinpoint regression analysis. The number of CRC cases climbed by 335.6% and the disease increased by 56.4% to comprise 12.2% of all cancers cases. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) increased by 152% overall, and the median age at diagnosis peaked at 60 and 58 years for males and females, respectively. Riyadh and the Eastern Region had the highest ASR for both genders, peaking at 21.8 and 19.2 for males and 17.4 and 16.5 for females per 100 K population. Our prediction model identified growing trends with annual percentage changes (APCs) of 4.59% in males (CI: 3.1-6.1) and 3.91% among females (CI: 2.4-5.5). Males above 75 years had the highest APC (7.9%, CI: 5.3-10.7), whereas the highest APC among females was found in the age group 70-74 (5.4%, CI: 2.8-8). Globally, APC was the highest for both genders compared to selected countries. CRC incidence is increasing alarmingly in Saudi Arabia and is projected to continue. There is a need for better screening strategies, preventative measures, and awareness-building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Basudan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia (R.F.); (M.A.A.)
| | | | - Manal Abudawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia (R.F.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Raed Farzan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia (R.F.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad A. Alfhili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia (R.F.); (M.A.A.)
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Alrushaid N, Khan FA, Al-Suhaimi E, Elaissari A. Progress and Perspectives in Colon Cancer Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatments. Diseases 2023; 11:148. [PMID: 37987259 PMCID: PMC10660546 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, colon cancer is the third most frequent malignancy and the second most common cause of death. Although it can strike anybody at any age, colon cancer mostly affects the elderly. Small, non-cancerous cell clusters inside the colon, commonly known as polyps, are typically where colon cancer growth starts. But over time, if left untreated, these benign polyps may develop into malignant tissues and develop into colon cancer. For the diagnosis of colon cancer, with routine inspection of the colon region for polyps, several techniques, including colonoscopy and cancer scanning, are used. In the case identifying the polyps in the colon area, efforts are being taken to surgically remove the polyps as quickly as possible before they become malignant. If the polyps become malignant, then colon cancer treatment strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, are applied to the patients. Despite the recent improvements in diagnosis and prognosis, the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a challenging task. The objective of this review was to discuss how CRC is initiated, and its various developmental stages, pathophysiology, and risk factors, and also to explore the current state of colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as recent advancements in the field, such as new screening methods and targeted therapies. We examined the limitations of current methods and discussed the ongoing need for research and development in this area. While this topic may be serious and complex, we hope to engage and inform our audience on this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Alrushaid
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ebtesam Al-Suhaimi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Institute of Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
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10
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Romanová A, Lustigová M, Urbanová J, Keil R, Krollová P, Šťovíček J, Wasserbauer M, Hlava Š, Malinovská J, Drábek J, Brož J. Factors affecting participation in the colorectal cancer screening program: a cross-sectional population study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:11135-11143. [PMID: 37347259 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) once a year or colonoscopy once in 10 years is the option approved for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for asymptomatic individuals aged ≥ 50 years in the Czech Republic. We analyzed participation in the screening program to determine possible improvements. METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study, data were collected from 4044 randomly chosen individuals from the Czech population (1866 men, 2178 women) aged ≥ 50 years by questionnaires. Individuals who underwent colonoscopy within the last 10 years or/and FIT within the last 2 years were classified as participants in the screening. RESULTS 1050 individuals underwent FIT, 464 colonoscopy, and 558 underwent both. Adjusted for age, gender, and education, a higher chance of participation in the screening was observed in groups of non-smokers (OR = 1.25; CI 1.05-1.48), ex-smokers (OR = 1.51; CI 1.26-1.83), consuming smoked meat products less than once a week (OR = 1.26; CI 1.09-1.45), practicing physical activity at least once a week (OR = 1.25; CI 1.03-1.51), hospitalized in the past 12 months (OR = 1.73; CI 1.47-2.05), or consulting a general practitioner (GP) in the past 12 months (OR = 2.26; CI 1.87-2.74). The chance of participation of individuals having a risk factor for CRC (obesity, smoking, diabetes, low physical activity, alcohol drinking) was not higher compared to those without the risk factors. CONCLUSION Individuals with a tendency to a healthy lifestyle or being in recent contact with the healthcare system by various means, mainly visiting a GP, had a higher participation in the screening for CRC. Among groups with an increased risk for CRC, higher participation was not shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Romanová
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Lustigová
- National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 49/48, 100 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Urbanová
- Third Faculty of Medicine of Faculty Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radan Keil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Krollová
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šťovíček
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Wasserbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Hlava
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Malinovská
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Drábek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brož
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Flynn L, Fallows S. Bowel cancer knowledge gaps evident among Irish residents: results of a national questionnaire survey. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2085-2093. [PMID: 36656421 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of knowledge of bowel cancer, its symptoms and risk factors are unknown in Irish residents. An understanding of bowel cancer awareness may be useful in aiding healthcare professionals, and policy makers develop improved bowel cancer awareness programmes and public health initiatives in Ireland. AIMS AND METHODS A 22-question online questionnaire survey was designed to gather data to assess residents' awareness of bowel cancer, its symptoms, and risk factors and to determine reasons for not participating in BowelScreen Ireland. RESULTS There were 449 participants (329 women, 119 men and 1 'prefer not to say'). The majority of participants were aged 35-49 years (42.8%), and 82.6% had completed a third level qualification. Irish residents (non-healthcare professionals/scientists (NHCP/S)) recalled on average less than three warning signs/symptoms. Among NHCP/S the most well-recalled protective diet and lifestyle choices were active lifestyle/exercise (62.1%), a fibre rich diet (45.4%) and no/low alcohol consumption (32.1%). Many were unable to recall red and processed meat as risk factors with only 10.7% and 4.9%, respectively, citing these foods. However, prompted awareness was superior with 71.1% agreeing or strongly agreeing that consumption of red and processed meat is a risk factor. 43.4% said they would be 'fairly confident' in recognising a sign/symptom, but more than a third (38.7%) reported they were 'not very confident'. CONCLUSION This survey emphasises the need to improve the awareness of bowel cancer as gaps in this specific cancer knowledge were evident among Irish residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Flynn
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
| | - Stephen Fallows
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK
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12
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Lee HH, Lee KN, Kim JS, Cheung DY, Kwon HS, Lee BI, Cho YS, Park SH, Han K, Kim JI. Association between regular physical activity and lower incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:1588-1597. [PMID: 37277925 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to investigate the association between changes in physical activity (PA) status and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with diabetes. METHOD This nationwide population study included 1 439 152 patients with diabetes who underwent a health screening provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service between January 2009 and December 2012 and a follow-up screening after 2 years. Based on changes in PA status, participants were categorized into four groups: remained inactive, remained active, active-to-inactive and inactive-to-active. RESULTS During the median follow-up period of 5.2 years, 38 244 new cases of CRC were diagnosed. Compared with the remained inactive group, among the three other groups, the remained active group had the lowest risk of CRC [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.93; 95% CI 0.90-0.96], followed by the inactive-to-active group (aHR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-1.00) and active-to-inactive group (aHR 0.99; 95% CI 0.96-1.02), after adjusting for confounding variables (p = 0.0007). This reduction in cancer incidence in the remained active group was observed for both rectal cancer (aHR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79-0.95) and colon cancer (aHR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.97), irrespective of sex. In terms of the intensity and amount of PA, moderate intensity PA was the most effective, and a positive correlation was found between the amount of PA and the reduction in CRC incidence. CONCLUSION Regular PA was independently associated with a decreased risk of CRC in patients with diabetes. The intensity and amount of physical activity both play a role in reducing the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hee Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Na Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyung St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo-In Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Heon Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Zhou J, Zhao L, Liu Y, He L, Yang F, Wang H, Fan J, Li Q, Guo S, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhou D, Tan Q. Relationship between health information literacy and health promoting lifestyle among first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer in China: the mediating effect of health belief. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1178848. [PMID: 37522002 PMCID: PMC10382199 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1178848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background History of first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer is one of the most important and common risk factors for colorectal cancer in China. Most chronic diseases, such as malignancies, are preventable by adopting health-promoting behaviors and other approaches. However, the relationships among factors affecting the health-promoting lifestyles of first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer have not been sufficiently studied. This study aimed to test the mediation effects of Health belief in the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and health information literacy among first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted using convenience sampling of 856 first-degree relatives of CRC patients attending three tertiary care hospitals in Nanchong and Deyang of China from December 2020 to December 2022. Questionnaires were used to collect data on the participants' demographic information, the colorectal cancer health beliefs, the health promotion lifestyle, and the health information literacy. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and mediation analysis using SPSS 25.0 program and its macro-program PROCESS. Results The findings indicated health information literacy was less, health belief was at the medium level, and performance of health promotion behavior was average for first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer. Whereas first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer health-promotion lifestyle had a positive correlation with health beliefs (r = 0.376, p < 0.01) and health information literacy (r = 0.533, p < 0.01), health beliefs had a positive correlation with health information literacy (r = 0.337, p < 0.01). Health beliefs mediated the positive effect of health information literacy on health-promoting lifestyles (β =0.420, 95% CI, 0.288-0.581), and indirect effects accounted for 14.0% of the total effect. Conclusion Health information literacy and health beliefs are key factors associated with a health-promoting lifestyle among first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer. These factors have direct and indirect effects on each other and on health-promoting lifestyles. To enhance health-promoting lifestyles among first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer, interventions that strengthen health beliefs and provide health information literacy should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Infection, Mianzhu People’s Hospital, Mianzhu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Nursing, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Nursing, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Nursing, Nanchong Health School, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qianer Li
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sisi Guo
- Department of Nursing, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Department of Nursing, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Tan
- Department of Nursing, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
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14
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Masdor NA, Abu Bakar MF, Hod R, Mohammed Nawi A. Green space exposure and colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15572. [PMID: 37153430 PMCID: PMC10160744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Green space has been linked to colorectal cancer, but the evidence is still limited and inconclusive. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between green space and CRC. The studies were searched using three primary journal databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The retrieved citations were screened, and data from articles about GS exposure and CRC were extracted. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies was used to evaluate the studies' quality. Five of the 1792 articles identified were eligible for the final review, which included five cohort studies published between 2017 and 2022. Each one article from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and Germany and All studies are of high quality. Four studies reported CRC incidence and one study reported CRC mortality from GS exposure. There was no significant association between GS attributes (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surrounding greenness, surrounding green area, proximity to GS (agricultural lands, urban GSs, and forests), and count of recreational facilities and parks) with CRC. Only one study discovered that a healthier ecosystem was linked to a lower CRC risk. Although the evidence is still limited, the findings may indicate the presence of other factors in the relationship between GS and CRC. Future research should continue to focus on the variation of GS and the factors that influence it. Specific attention to the development of GS has the potential to produce benefits while mitigating cancer risk.
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15
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Bohlen LC, LaRowe LR, Dunsiger SI, Dionne L, Griffin E, Kim AE, Marcus BH, Unick J, Wu WC, Williams DM. Comparing a recommendation for self-paced versus moderate intensity physical activity for midlife adults: Rationale and design. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 128:107169. [PMID: 36972866 PMCID: PMC10183157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Current U.S. guidelines recommend that adults obtain 150 min per week of moderate intensity physical activity (PA), 75 min of vigorous intensity PA, or some equivalent combination. However, less than half of U.S. adults reach this goal, with the proportion even smaller among adults with overweight or obesity. Moreover, regular PA declines after age 45-50. Previous research suggests a shift in national guidelines to emphasize PA of a self-selected intensity (i.e., self-paced), instead of prescribed moderate intensity PA, may result in better adherence to PA programs, particularly among midlife adults with overweight or obesity. The present paper presents the protocol for a field-based RCT testing the hypothesis that adherence to PA programs is improved when PA is explicitly recommended to be self-paced rather than prescribed at moderate intensity among midlife (ages 50-64) adults (N = 240) with overweight or obesity. All participants receive a 12-month intervention designed to help them overcome barriers to regular PA and are randomly assigned to either self-paced or prescribed moderate intensity PA. The primary outcome is total volume of PA (minutes by intensity) as measured by accelerometry. Secondary outcomes include self-reported min/week of PA and changes in bodyweight. Additionally, using ecological momentary assessment, we examine putative mediators of treatment effects. We hypothesize self-paced PA will lead to a more positive affective response to PA, more perceived autonomy, and lower perceived exertion during PA, and thus greater increases in PA behavior. Findings will have direct implications for PA intensity recommendations among midlife adults with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Connell Bohlen
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lisa R LaRowe
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Shira I Dunsiger
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura Dionne
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Griffin
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alison E Kim
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bess H Marcus
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jessica Unick
- The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- The Miriam Hospital, Lifespan Cardiovascular Wellness and Prevention Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David M Williams
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA.
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16
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Arai J, Aoki T, Hayakawa Y, Niikura R, Ishibashi R, Suzuki N, Tsuji Y, Yamada A, Ushiku T, Fujishiro M. Risk and preventive factors of early-onset colorectal neoplasms: endoscopic and histological database analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:259-268. [PMID: 36302073 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The incidence of early-onset colorectal neoplasms has been increasing in both Western and Eastern countries. However, the risks and preventive factors for these neoplasms in Eastern countries remain unclear. METHODS The data of 5580 patients who underwent colonoscopy between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary outcome was advanced colorectal neoplasm (ACRN), defined as advanced adenomas (adenoma ≥10 mm, or with high-grade dysplasia or villous component) or adenocarcinoma. The clinical factors associated with ACRNs were determined for each age category (≤50 and >50 years), and the differences between the two categories were assessed. Odds ratios adjusted for age and sex were calculated. RESULTS Among 1001 patients (age ≤50 years), ACRN was found in 94 (9.4%). In this younger category, male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.51-3.63) and a family history of colorectal cancer (aOR:2.14, 95% CI:1.17-3.89) were significantly associated with higher odds of developing ACRNs. ACRNs were detected in 726 (15.9%) of 4579 patients (age >50 years). In the older age category, smoking (aOR:1.32, 95% CI:1.08-1.63) was significantly associated with a higher risk of ACRNs. Exercise of >3.5 metabolic equivalent of task (METs) (aOR,0.80; 95% CI:0.67-0.96) was significantly associated with a lower risk of ACRNs. CONCLUSION The development of early-onset ACRNs was primarily associated with congenital factors, whereas that of late-onset ACRNs was associated with acquired ones. Colonoscopy is recommended for young male patients, particularly for those with a family history of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Niikura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Ishibashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Effects of the exercise-inducible myokine irisin on proliferation and malignant properties of ovarian cancer cells through the HIF-1 α signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:170. [PMID: 36599894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to be associated with reduced risk and improving outcomes of several types of cancers. Irisin -a novel exercise-related myokine- has been proposed to exert beneficial effects in metabolic disorders including cancer. No previous studies have investigated whether irisin may regulate malignant characteristics of ovarian cancer cell lines. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of irisin on viability and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells which was examined by MTT assay. Then, we evaluated the migratory and invasive abilities of the cells via transwell assays. Moreover, the percentage of apoptosis induction was determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of genes related to the aerobic respiration (HIF-1α, c-Myc, LDHA, PDK1 and VEGF) was detected by real-time PCR. Our data revealed that irisin treatment significantly attenuated the proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, irisin induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. We also observed that irisin regulated the expression of genes involved in aerobic respiration of ovarian cancer cells. Our results indicated that irisin may play a crucial role in inhibition of cell growth and malignant characteristics of ovarian cancer. These findings may open up avenues for future studies to identify the further therapeutic use of irisin in ovarian cancer management.
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18
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Chang WY, Chiu HM. Beyond colonoscopy: Physical activity as a viable adjunct to prevent colorectal cancer. Dig Endosc 2023; 35:33-46. [PMID: 35694899 DOI: 10.1111/den.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide. The implementation of a mass screening program has been proven effective in reducing the global burden of CRC, but its effectiveness is not ideal and some metabolic derangements and lifestyle factors were reported to be attributable for such a deficit. Implementing positive lifestyle intervention as primary prevention therefore becomes critical because colorectal carcinogenesis can be promoted by several lifestyle factors, such as a lack of physical activity. Herein, we review the current evidence on the association and possible mechanisms between physical activity and CRC carcinogenesis. In addition, since CRC prevention heavily relies on resection of precancerous polyps and subsequent surveillance by colonoscopy, this review will also explore the impact of physical activity on populations with different colorectal polyp risks and its potential adjunct role in altering surveillance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Brenne SS, Ness-Jensen E, Edna TH, Lydersen S, Laugsand EA. Risk factors for right colon, left colon and rectal cancers differ between men and women: the population-based HUNT study in Norway. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:44-55. [PMID: 36063132 PMCID: PMC10087842 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess established risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) separately for right colon, left colon and rectal cancer in men and women. METHOD This was a prospective cohort study comparing incidental CRC cases and the general population participating in a longitudinal health study in Norway (the HUNT study). RESULTS Among 78 580 participants (36 825 men and 41 754 women), 1827 incidental CRCs were registered (931 men and 896 women). Among men, the risk of cancer at all locations increased with age [HR 1.46 (1.40-1.51), HR 1.32 (1.27-1.36), HR 1.30 (1.25-1.34) per 5 years for right colon, left colon and rectal cancer, respectively] and the risk of left colon cancer increased with higher body mass index [HR 1.28 (1.12-1.46) per 5 kg/m2 ]. The risk of right colon cancer (RCC) increased with smoking [HR 1.07 (1.04-1.10) per 5 pack years]. Among women, the risk of cancer at all locations increased with age [HR 1.38 (1.34-1.43), HR 1.23 (1.19-1.27), HR 1.20 (1.16-1.24) per 5 years] and smoking [HR 1.07 (1.02-1.12), HR 1.07 (1.02-1.12), HR 1.10 (1.05-1.17) per 5 pack years] for right colon, left colon and rectal cancer, respectively. The risk of RCC increased with night shift work [HR 1.93 (1.22-3.05)]. CONCLUSION The risk factors for developing CRC differ by anatomical location and sex. The relationship between risk factors and CRC may be more nuanced than previously known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv S Brenne
- Department of Internal Surgery, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Eivind Ness-Jensen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway.,Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom-Harald Edna
- Department of Internal Surgery, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian, University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare-Central Norway, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivor A Laugsand
- Department of Internal Surgery, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
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20
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Association of prebiotic fiber intake with colorectal cancer risk: the PrebiotiCa study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:455-464. [PMID: 36089645 PMCID: PMC9899730 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between the intake of specific fibers with prebiotic activity, namely inulin-type fructans (ITFs), fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and galactooligosaccharides (GOSs), and colorectal cancer risk. METHODS Within the PrebiotiCa study, we used data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy and including 1953 incident, histologically confirmed, colorectal cancer patients and 4154 hospital controls. The amount of six prebiotic molecules [ITFs, nystose (FOS), kestose (FOS), 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose (FOS), raffinose (GOS) and stachyose (GOS)] in a variety of foods was quantified via laboratory analyses. Subjects' prebiotic fiber intake was estimated by multiplying food frequency questionnaire intake by the prebiotic content of each food item. The odds ratios (OR) of colorectal cancer for quintiles of intakes were derived from logistic regression models including terms for major confounders and total energy intake. RESULTS GOSs intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. The OR for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake were 0.73 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.58-0.92) for raffinose and 0.64 (95% CI 0.53-0.77) for stachyose, with significant inverse trends across quintiles. No association was found with total ITFs and FOSs. The association with stachyose was stronger for colon (continuous OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.66-0.83) than rectal cancer (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.79-1.02). CONCLUSION Colorectal cancer risk was inversely associated with the intake of dietary GOSs, but not ITFs and FOSs.
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Wadhwa V, Patel N, Grover D, Ali FS, Thosani N. Interventional gastroenterology in oncology. CA Cancer J Clin 2022; 73:286-319. [PMID: 36495087 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the foremost health problems worldwide and is among the leading causes of death in the United States. Gastrointestinal tract cancers account for almost one third of the cancer-related mortality globally, making it one of the deadliest groups of cancers. Early diagnosis and prompt management are key to preventing cancer-related morbidity and mortality. With advancements in technology and endoscopic techniques, endoscopy has become the core in diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract cancers. In this extensive review, the authors discuss the role endoscopy plays in early detection, diagnosis, and management of esophageal, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, ampullary, biliary tract, and small intestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Wadhwa
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Patel
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dheera Grover
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Faisal S Ali
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nirav Thosani
- Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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22
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Kadkhoda S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Noorbakhsh F, Ravaei S, Darbeheshti F, Amoli MM, Taslimi R, Shakoori A. The importance of regulatory pathway mediated by Circ0001955 in colorectal cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 128:104819. [PMID: 35914612 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most common cancers in recent years. Given the importance that non-coding RNAs have recently acquired in various diseases including cancers, we decided to design this study to evaluate the expression levels of circ0001955/miR-145-5p/ONECUT2 axis in CRC. METHODS After bioinformatics analysis of GEO datasets related to CRC, a putative circ0001955/ miR-145-5p/ ONECUT2 pathway was assumed. Then, the expression levels of these genes were measured in 50 CRC samples and adjacent tissues by qRT- PCR. Also, correlation coefficients, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and correlation between circ0001955 levels with clinicopathological parameters of patients were analyzed. RESULTS Circ0001955 and ONECUT2 were considerably up-regulated, while the expression level of miR-145-5p was decreased in CRC samples compared with adjacent tissues (p < 0.05). Moreover, statistically significant correlations were observed between expression levels of circ0001955, miR-145-5p, and ONECUT2. We did not find any significant correlation between circ0001955 expression and clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSION Our study showed that circ0001955 is dysregulated in CRC. This finding can open a new window for researchers for a better understanding of the potential pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis and, consequently, to find new treatment pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Ravaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Taslimi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shakoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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LaRowe LR, Bohlen LC, Gaudiano BA, Abrantes AM, Butryn ML, Dunsiger SI, Griffin E, Loucks EB, Uebelacker LA, Williams DM. Testing the Feasibility and Acceptability of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention to Increase Physical Activity among Individuals with Depression: A Protocol Paper. Ment Health Phys Act 2022; 23:100475. [PMID: 37649877 PMCID: PMC10465112 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) is particularly important among individuals with depression, who are at heightened risk for a host of negative health outcomes. However, people with depression are 50% less likely to meet national guidelines for PA and face unique barriers to PA adherence, including lower distress tolerance and motivation for exercise. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may offer promise for increasing PA among adults with depressive symptoms due to its effects on distress tolerance and motivation. Therefore, we developed ACTivity, an ACT-based intervention designed to promote PA among low-active adults with elevated depressive symptoms. Prior to testing the efficacy of ACTivity in an RCT, an important first step is to conduct a preliminary trial to establish feasibility of study procedures for the ACTivity and comparison intervention programs, as well as to establish the credibility/acceptability of the intervention. The purpose of this paper is to describe the ACTivity intervention and the design of this feasibility trial. Method/Design We will conduct a feasibility RCT with two parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation ratio comparing ACTivity to a comparison intervention (relaxation training + PA promotion) among 60 low-active adults with elevated depressive symptoms. All study procedures will be conducted remotely. Discussion Results of this feasibility study will inform a subsequent RCT designed to test the efficacy of ACTivity. If shown to be efficacious, ACTivity will provide a treatment that can be widely disseminated to increase PA among adults with depressive symptoms and thereby decrease their risk for chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. LaRowe
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Lauren Connell Bohlen
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Brandon A. Gaudiano
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Meghan L. Butryn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shira I. Dunsiger
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Elizabeth Griffin
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Lisa A. Uebelacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - David M. Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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Tabesh E, Karimi N, Soheilipour M, Rezaeisadrabadi M, Ravankhah Z, Adibi P. The Effects of Risk Factors on One- and Five-Year Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer in Isfahan in 2016. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:462-472. [PMID: 37547498 PMCID: PMC10404093 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a frequent and multifactorial malignancy worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some risk factors of GC and the 1-year or 5-year survival rates in newly diagnosed patients in Isfahan in 2016. Methods: We included 274 newly diagnosed patients in this survival analysis from a database of 484 GC cases. We used a checklist to collect information. To inform about missed data, we call the patients or their families in non-survived cases. We evaluated each patient's age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education, salt, salty foods, and red meat consumption. In addition, we asked patients about the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, tobacco smoking, opium usage, and alcohol consumption. We surveyed the patient's job, physical activity, Helicobacter pylori infection, family history of GC, history of gastric surgery, and survival status after 1 or 5 years. Variables were evaluated between survived and dead patients and compared for means and frequencies using the independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney, or chi-square test. The univariate relationship of each risk factor, with 1- and 5-year survival, was examined by the log-rank test and the Kaplan-Meyer method and their multivariate relationship with Cox regression. Results: 1- and 5-year survived patients were younger than dead patients with GC (P<0.001; HR for 1-year survival: 1.014, 95% CI: 0.997 to 1.030; HR for 5-year survival: 1.005, 95% CI: 0.994 to 1.017), and had more frequent higher educational levels (P<0.05; HR for 1-year survival: 1.887, 95% CI: 1.046 to 3.406; HR for 5-year survival: 1.482, 95% CI: 0.987 to 2.223). The death rate after 5 years was higher in men than in women (P=0.009; HR: 1.009, 95% CI: 0.593 to 1.717) and depended on the job status of the patients (P=0.021). The other studied variables were not significantly different between 1- or 5-year survived and dead patients. Conclusion: GC development depends on genomic changes, environmental factors, and lifestyle status. But all risk factors that play a role in its development are not notable for a patient's survival. We suggest that risk factors for these patients' survival become elucidated in future studies. It helps to gather the necessary pieces of evidence for the enhancement of survival in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Tabesh
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (IGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nima Karimi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (IGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Soheilipour
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (IGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaeisadrabadi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (IGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ravankhah
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (IGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (IGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sajeev A, Hegde M, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Modulation of diverse oncogenic signaling pathways by oroxylin A: An important strategy for both cancer prevention and treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154369. [PMID: 35985182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of major advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies, cancer is still a foreboding cause due to factors like chemoresistance, radioresistance, adverse side effects and cancer recurrence. Therefore, continuous development of unconventional approaches is a prerequisite to overcome foregoing glitches. Natural products have found their way into treatment of serious health conditions, including cancer since ancient times. The compound oroxylin A (OA) is one among those with enormous potential against different malignancies. It is a flavonoid obtained from the several plants such as Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis and S. lateriflora, Anchietea pyrifolia, and Aster himalaicus. PURPOSE The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively elucidate the anticancerous effects of OA against various malignancies and unravel their chemosensitization and radiosensitization potential. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of OA have also been investigated. METHOD The literature on antineoplastic effects of OA was searched in PubMed and Scopus, including in vitro and in vivo studies and is summarized based on a systematic review protocol prepared according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The term "oroxylin A" was used in combination with "cancer" and all the title, abstracts and keywords appeared were considered. RESULTS In Scopus, a total of 157 articles appeared out of which 103 articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria were eliminated and 54 were critically evaluated. In PubMed, from the 85 results obtained, 26 articles were eliminated and 59 were included in the preparation of this review. Mounting number of studies have illustrated the anticancer effects of OA, and its mechanism of action. CONCLUSION OA is a promising natural flavonoid possessing wide range of pleiotropic properties and is a potential anticancer agent. It has a great potential in the treatment of multiple cancers including brain, breast, cervical, colon, esophageal, gall bladder, gastric, hematological, liver, lung, oral, ovarian, pancreatic and skin. However, lack of pharmacokinetic studies, toxicity assessments, and dose standardization studies and adverse effects limit the optimization of this compound as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Amirsasan R, Akbarzadeh M, Akbarzadeh S. Exercise and colorectal cancer: prevention and molecular mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 35945569 PMCID: PMC9361674 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with a decreased incidence rate of various chronic diseases especially numerous human malignancies. A huge number of clinical trials and meta-analysis have demonstrated that exercise is significantly effective in lowering the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is suggested as an effective therapeutic modality against this cancer type. Therefore, in this review, we will review comprehensibly the effects of exercise in preventing, treating, and alleviating the adverse effects of conventional therapeutic options in colorectal cancer. Moreover, the possible mechanisms underlying the positive effects of exercise and physical activity in colorectal cancer, including regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, growth factor axis, immunity, epigenetic, etc. will be also discussed. Exercise is an effective post-treatment management program in colorectal cancer survivals Exercise improves muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, emotional distress, physical activity, fatigue, and sleep quality in colorectal patients undergoing chemotherapy Targeting and modulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, inflammation, apoptosis, immunity, epigenetic, Leptin and Ghrelin, and signaling pathways are major underlying mechanisms for preventive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Amirsasan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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27
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Baldwin AS, Lamb CL, Geary BA, Mitchell AD, Kouros CD, Levens S, Martin LE. Testing and Optimizing Guided Thinking Tasks to Promote Physical Activity: Protocol for a Randomized Factorial Trial (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e40908. [PMID: 36074550 PMCID: PMC9501674 DOI: 10.2196/40908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions Trial Registration International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin S Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Colin L Lamb
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Bree A Geary
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Alexis D Mitchell
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Chrystyna D Kouros
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sara Levens
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Laura E Martin
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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28
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Wang W, Xu Y, Wang X, Chu Y, Zhang H, Zhou L, Zhu H, Li J, Kuai R, Zhou F, Yang D, Peng H. Swimming Impedes Intestinal Microbiota and Lipid Metabolites of Tumorigenesis in Colitis-Associated Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:929092. [PMID: 35847876 PMCID: PMC9285133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.929092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating data support that regular physical activity potentially inhibits chronic colitis, a risk factor for colitis-associated cancer (CAC). However, possible effects of physical activity on CAC and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods A pretreatment of swimming on azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced CAC mice was implemented to determine its protective effect. Inflammation and tumorigenesis were assessed using colorectums from C57BL/6 mice. In order to determine how swimming alters colonic lipid metabolism and gene expression, a comparative analysis was conducted. Meanwhile, alterations in intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected and analyzed. Finally, an integration analysis of colonic lipid metabolism with gene expression and intestinal microbiota was performed respectively. Result Swimming pretreatment relieved bowel inflammation and minimized tumor formation. We demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/PGE2 receptor 2 subtype (EP2) signaling as a potential regulatory target for swimming induces colonic lipid metabolites. Swimming-induced genera, Erysipelatoclostridium, Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, induced intestinal SCFAs and affected the function of colonic lipid metabolites enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism and choline metabolism in cancer. Conclusion According to our experiments, swimming pretreatment can protect mice from CAC by intervention in the possible link between colonic lipid metabolites and PGE2/EP2 signaling. Further, swimming-induced genera and probiotics promoted glycerophospholipid metabolism and choline metabolism in cancer, the major constituents of colonic lipid metabolites, and increased SCFAs, which were also important mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic effects of swimming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daming Yang
- *Correspondence: Haixia Peng, ; Daming Yang,
| | - Haixia Peng
- *Correspondence: Haixia Peng, ; Daming Yang,
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Meta-Analysis of Altered Gut Microbiota Reveals Microbial and Metabolic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0001322. [PMID: 35766483 PMCID: PMC9431300 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00013-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The dysbiotic gut microbiota and its metabolite secretions play a significant role in CRC development and progression. In this study, we identified microbial and metabolic biomarkers applicable to CRC using a meta-analysis of metagenomic datasets from diverse geographical regions. We used LEfSe, random forest (RF), and co-occurrence network methods to identify microbial biomarkers. Geographic dataset-specific markers were identified and evaluated using area under the ROC curve (AUC) scores and random effect size. Co-occurrence networks analysis showed a reduction in the overall microbial associations and the presence of oral pathogenic microbial clusters in CRC networks. Analysis of predicted metabolites from CRC datasets showed the enrichment of amino acids, cadaverine, and creatine in CRC, which were positively correlated with CRC-associated microbes (Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Gemella morbillorum, Bacteroides fragilis, Parvimonas spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Solobacterium moorei, and Clostridium symbiosum), and negatively correlated with control-associated microbes. Conversely, butyrate, nicotinamide, choline, tryptophan, and 2-hydroxybutanoic acid showed positive correlations with control-associated microbes (P < 0.05). Overall, our study identified a set of global CRC biomarkers that are reproducible across geographic regions. We also reported significant differential metabolites and microbe-metabolite interactions associated with CRC. This study provided significant insights for further investigations leading to the development of noninvasive CRC diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions. IMPORTANCE Several studies showed associations between gut dysbiosis and CRC. Yet, the results are not conclusive due to cohort-specific associations that are influenced by genomic, dietary, and environmental stimuli and associated reproducibility issues with various analysis approaches. Emerging evidence suggests the role of microbial metabolites in modulating host inflammation and DNA damage in CRC. However, the experimental validations have been hindered by cost, resources, and cumbersome technical expertise required for metabolomic investigations. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of CRC microbiota data from diverse geographical regions using multiple methods to achieve reproducible results. We used a computational approach to predict the metabolomic profiles using existing CRC metagenomic datasets. We identified a reliable set of CRC-specific biomarkers from this analysis, including microbial and metabolite markers. In addition, we revealed significant microbe-metabolite associations through correlation analysis and microbial gene families associated with dysregulated metabolic pathways in CRC, which are essential in understanding the vastly sporadic nature of CRC development and progression.
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Colorectal Cancer in Younger Adults. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:449-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Xiao W, Huang J, Zhao C, Ding L, Wang X, Wu B. Diabetes and Risks of Right-Sided and Left-Sided Colon Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohorts. Front Oncol 2022; 12:737330. [PMID: 35463382 PMCID: PMC9021717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.737330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (CC). Epidemiologic studies previously reported a higher risk for right-sided colon cancer (RCC) compare to left-sided colon cancer (LCC), although data are conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate this issue. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library database for prospective cohort studies published up to June 2021. Studies were included if they reported site-specific estimates of the relative risk (RR) between diabetes and the risks of RCC and LCC. Random effects meta-analyses with inverse variance weighting were used to estimate the pooled site-specific RRs and the RCC-to-LCC ratio of RRs (RRRs). Results Data from 10 prospective cohort studies, representing 1,642,823 individuals (mainly white) and 17,624 CC patients, were included in the analysis. Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of both RCC (RR =1.35, 95% CI = 1.24-1.47) and LCC (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08-1.28). After adjusting for major risk factors, individuals with diabetes had a greater risk for RCC than for LCC (RRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.26), with no significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 0%). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates that diabetes is associated with a higher risk for RCC than for LCC. Our findings suggest that colonoscopic surveillance in diabetic patients with careful examination of the right colon is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Xiao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinglong Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanyi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bian Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Impact of Diet and Exercise on Colorectal Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:471-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hossain MS, Karuniawati H, Jairoun AA, Urbi Z, Ooi DJ, John A, Lim YC, Kibria KMK, Mohiuddin AM, Ming LC, Goh KW, Hadi MA. Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Carcinogenesis, Global Epidemiology, Current Challenges, Risk Factors, Preventive and Treatment Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071732. [PMID: 35406504 PMCID: PMC8996939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer. Global incidence and mortality are likely to be increased in the coming decades. Although the deaths associated with CRC are very high in high-income countries, the incidence and fatalities related to CRC are growing in developing countries too. CRC detected early is entirely curable by surgery and subsequent medications. However, the recurrence rate is high, and cancer drug resistance increases the treatment failure rate. Access to early diagnosis and treatment of CRC for survival is somewhat possible in developed countries. However, these facilities are rarely available in developing countries. Highlighting the current status of CRC, its development, risk factors, and management is crucial in creating public awareness. Therefore, in this review, we have comprehensively discussed the current global epidemiology, drug resistance, challenges, risk factors, and preventive and treatment strategies of CRC. Additionally, there is a brief discussion on the CRC development pathways and recommendations for preventing and treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Sristy College of Tangail, Tangail 1900, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (L.C.M.); Tel.: +60-1169609649 (M.S.H.); +673-246-0922 (ext. 2202) (L.C.M.)
| | - Hidayah Karuniawati
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (H.K.); (A.A.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia
| | - Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (H.K.); (A.A.J.)
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai 67, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zannat Urbi
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Der Jiun Ooi
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Akbar John
- Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies (INOCEM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Ya Chee Lim
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
| | - K. M. Kaderi Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh; (K.M.K.K.); (A.K.M.M.)
| | - A.K. M. Mohiuddin
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh; (K.M.K.K.); (A.K.M.M.)
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (L.C.M.); Tel.: +60-1169609649 (M.S.H.); +673-246-0922 (ext. 2202) (L.C.M.)
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
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Roos E, Seppä K, Pietiläinen O, Ryynänen H, Heikkinen S, Eriksson JG, Härkänen T, Jousilahti P, Knekt P, Koskinen S, Laaksonen M, Männistö S, Roos T, Rahkonen O, Malila N, Pitkäniemi J. Pairwise association of key lifestyle factors and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective pooled multicohort study. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1612. [PMID: 35243812 PMCID: PMC9675367 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lifestyle factors are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although lifestyle factors co-occur, in most previous studies these factors have been studied focusing upon a single risk factor or assuming independent effects between risk factors. AIM To examine the pairwise effects and interactions of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and body mass index (BMI) with risk of subsequent colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS AND RESULTS We used METCA cohort data (pooled data from seven population-based Finnish health behavior survey studies during years 1972-2015) consisting of 171 063 women and men. Participants' smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and BMI measures were gathered, and participants were categorized into those exposed and those not exposed. The incidence of CRC was modeled by Poisson regression with main and interaction effects of key lifestyle factors. The cohort members were followed-up through register linkage to the Finnish Cancer Registry for first primary CRC case until the end of 2015. Follow-up time was 1715, 690 person years. The highest pairwise CRC risk was among male smokers who had overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 ) (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.36-2.26) and women who had overweight and consumed alcohol (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14-1.85). Overall, among men the association of lifestyle factors and CRC risk was stronger than among women. In men, both having overweight and being a smoker combined with any other adverse lifestyle factor increased CRC risk. Among women, elevated CRC risks were observed for those who were physically inactive and who consumed alcohol or had overweight. No statistically significant interactions were detected between pairs of lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS This study strengthens the evidence of overweight, smoking, and alcohol consumption as CRC risk factors. Substantial protective benefits in CRC risk can be achieved by preventing smoking, maintaining BMI to <25 kg/m2 and not consuming alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eira Roos
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Karri Seppä
- Finnish Cancer RegistryInstitute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Heidi Ryynänen
- Finnish Cancer RegistryInstitute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer RegistryInstitute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Tommi Härkänen
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Paul Knekt
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Maarit Laaksonen
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland,School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Satu Männistö
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Teemu Roos
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nea Malila
- Finnish Cancer RegistryInstitute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Finnish Cancer RegistryInstitute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer ResearchHelsinkiFinland,School of Health SciencesUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
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Li J, Liu L, Cheng Y, Xie Q, Wu M, Chen X, Li Z, Chen H, Peng J, Shen A. Swimming attenuates tumor growth in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice and suppresses angiogenesis by mediating the HIF-1α/VEGFA pathway. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:121-130. [PMID: 35291563 PMCID: PMC8886589 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low physical activity correlates with increased cancer risk in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the ways in which swimming can benefit CRC remain largely unknown. In this study, mice bearing tumors derived from CT-26 cells were randomly divided into the control and swimming groups. Mice in the swimming group were subjected to physical training (swimming) for 3 weeks. Compared with the control group, swimming clearly attenuated tumor volume and tumor weight in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified 715 upregulated and 629 downregulated transcripts (including VEGFA) in tumor tissues of mice in the swimming group. KEGG pathway analysis based on differentially expressed transcripts identified multiple enriched signaling pathways, including angiogenesis, hypoxia, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. Consistently, IHC analysis revealed that swimming significantly downregulated CD31, HIF-1α, VEGFA, and VEGFR2 protein expression in tumor tissues. In conclusion, swimming significantly attenuates tumor growth in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via the suppression of the HIF-1α/VEGFA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Haichun Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , Fujian 350007 , China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
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Xiao H, He J, Liang S, Cai D, Zhou Q, Liu L, Yan X, Chi J, Xiao Q, Wang L. Racial/Ethnic Disparities on the Risk of Second Malignant Neoplasm Among Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors. Front Oncol 2022; 11:790891. [PMID: 35141149 PMCID: PMC8818723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.790891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hodgkin lymphoma survivors are at risk for second malignant neoplasm (SMN). How race/ethnicity affects the risk remains unclear. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 22,415 patients diagnosed with primary Hodgkin lymphoma from January 1992 to December 2015 in 13 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-based registries and divided patients into four groups: non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/others. Taking non-Hispanic whites as a reference, both the proportional subdistribution hazard (PSH) and the cause-specific hazard (CSH) methods were used to calculate the SMN hazard ratio for other racial/ethnic groups with and without considering the competing mortality risk. Results 1,778 patients developed SMN with a median follow-up of 11.63 years. In the adjusted PSH model, Hispanic, Asian/others, and non-Hispanic black patients had 26% (PSH, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63–0.87), 20% (PSH, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64–1.01), and 12% (PSH, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.75–1.03) decreased overall SMN hazard, respectively. Moreover, the PSH method revealed the racial/ethnic difference in the SMN risk in the skin, the respiratory system, and the endocrine system. These hazards were slightly higher and different with the use of the CSH approach. In addition to the aforementioned overall SMN and subtypes, adjusted CSH analysis also revealed the racial/ethnic disparities in the risk of subsequent female breast cancer, digestive cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusions The subtype and SMN risk among Hodgkin lymphoma survivors varied by race/ethnicity. The use of CSH and PSH provides a dynamic view of racial/ethnic effects on SMN risk in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianghua He
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Simin Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Duo Cai
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianxiang Chi
- The Center for the Study of Hematological Malignancies, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang,
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Eshak ES, Noda H, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. Walking time, sports activity, job type, and body posture during work in relation to incident colorectal cancer: the JACC prospective cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:473-481. [PMID: 35048204 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An inverse association between physical activity and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been suggested. We aimed to assess the specific and combined effects of leisure-time and occupational physical activities on CRC risk among Japanese adults. METHODS Using Cox proportional hazard models, we tested whether walking time, sports activity, body posture during work, and job type-or the combination of these variables-were associated with CRC incidence in a prospective cohort of 26,897 Japanese adults aged 40-79 years. RESULTS During a median 17-year follow-up (1990-2009) period, we ascertained 423 incident cases of CRC (267 colon and 156 rectum cancer). Time spent walking suggested a dose-response inverse relationship with CRC risk (p-trend = 0.051). Manual labor was associated with lower CRC risk when compared to office work with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.74 (0.56-0.97) for CRC and 0.68 (0.48-0.96) for colon cancer. Compared to sitting, moving during work tended to be inversely associated with rectal cancer risk, especially after censoring early incident cases within 3 years after baseline; HR (95% CI) = 0.63 (0.40-0.99). Combining walking and job type suggested mutual and synergistic benefits on the risk of colon cancer (p-interaction = 0.03). Compared to office workers walking < 1 h/day, the HR (95% CI) of colon cancer was 0.48 (0.23-0.98), 0.61 (0.42-0.89), and 0.59 (0.41-0.87) in office workers walking ≥ 1 h/day, non-office workers walking < 1 h/day, and non-office workers walking ≥ 1 h/day, respectively. CONCLUSION The time spent walking, job type, and posture during work were independently associated with the reduced incident CRC risk among Japanese men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab S Eshak
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Main Road, Shalaby land, Minia, 61519, Egypt. .,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Noda
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-15 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
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Renman D, Gylling B, Vidman L, Bodén S, Strigård K, Palmqvist R, Harlid S, Gunnarsson U, van Guelpen B. Density of CD3 + and CD8 + Cells in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer according to Prediagnostic Physical Activity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2317-2326. [PMID: 34607838 PMCID: PMC9398178 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated not only with a decreased risk of developing colorectal cancer but also with improved survival. One putative mechanism is the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Experimental findings suggest that physical activity may mobilize immune cells to the tumor. We hypothesized that higher levels of physical activity prior to colorectal cancer diagnosis are associated with higher densities of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS The study setting was a northern Swedish population-based cohort, including 109,792 participants with prospectively collected health- and lifestyle-related data. For 592 participants who later developed colorectal cancer, archival tumor tissue samples were used to assess the density of CD3+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells by IHC. Odds ratios for associations between self-reported, prediagnostic recreational physical activity and immune cell infiltration were estimated by ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS Recreational physical activity >3 times per week was associated with a higher density of CD8+ T cells in the tumor front and center compared with participants reporting no recreational physical activity. Odds ratios were 2.77 (95% CI, 1.21-6.35) and 2.85 (95% CI, 1.28-6.33) for the tumor front and center, respectively, after adjustment for sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor stage. The risk estimates were consistent after additional adjustment for several potential confounders. For CD3, no clear associations were found. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity may promote the infiltration of CD8+ immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer. IMPACT The study provides some evidence on how physical activity may alter the prognosis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renman
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: David Renman, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden. Phone: 46-61184149; E-mail:
| | - Björn Gylling
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Vidman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Bodén
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Strigård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gunnarsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ghebrial M, Aktary ML, Wang Q, Spinelli JJ, Shack L, Robson PJ, Kopciuk KA. Predictors of CRC Stage at Diagnosis among Male and Female Adults Participating in a Prospective Cohort Study: Findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4938-4952. [PMID: 34898587 PMCID: PMC8628758 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada. CRC screening and other factors associated with early-stage disease can improve CRC treatment efficacy and survival. This study examined factors associated with CRC stage at diagnosis among male and female adults using data from a large prospective cohort study in Alberta, Canada. Baseline data were obtained from healthy adults aged 35–69 years participating in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project. Factors associated with CRC stage at diagnosis were evaluated using Partial Proportional Odds models. Analyses were stratified to examine sex-specific associations. A total of 267 participants (128 males and 139 females) developed CRC over the study period. Among participants, 43.0% of males and 43.2% of females were diagnosed with late-stage CRC. Social support, having children, and caffeine intake were predictors of CRC stage at diagnosis among males, while family history of CRC, pregnancy, hysterectomy, menopausal hormone therapy, lifetime number of Pap tests, and household physical activity were predictive of CRC stage at diagnosis among females. These findings highlight the importance of sex differences in susceptibility to advanced CRC diagnosis and can help inform targets for cancer prevention programs to effectively reduce advanced CRC and thus improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ghebrial
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Michelle L. Aktary
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada;
| | - John J. Spinelli
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Cancer Surveillance and Reporting, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada;
| | - Paula J. Robson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
- Cancer Care Alberta and Cancer Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3H1, Canada
| | - Karen A. Kopciuk
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology, Community Health Sciences and Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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40
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Ali H. Future incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma in the United States: an updated overview of risk factors and preventative measures. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2020, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) was the second leading cause of cancer death globally. Current literature utilizes reported databases such as Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) to better understand the epidemiology of CRC. The global cancer observatory’s “Cancer Tomorrow” data visualization tools was used to predict the future incidence and mortality of colorectal cancers until 2030 as a guided tool to look over ways to reduce incidence by controlling risk factors of CRC. The total number of CRC is expected to rise by 2030, with a percent change of 17.3%. The expected percent change in colon cancer is more than rectal cancer (19.8% vs. 11.6%). The estimated number of deaths secondary to CRC is expected to increase in 2030, an estimated percent change of 22.2%. The incidence and mortality rate was higher in men vs. women; however, the gap seems to be closing on trend analysis. Major risk factors for CRC include familial syndromes, family history, race, gender, obesity, diet, alcohol, and smoking. Risk can be reduced by exercise and dietary changes, fiber intake, vitamin D, calcium, and minerals. Individualized screening based on age, gender, and additional risk factors could be an option that needs further comparative data to propose a definitive benefit over established screening guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassam Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University/Vidant Medical Center, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Ng S, Xia Y, Glenn M, Nagpal N, Lin K, Trinh-Shevrin C, Troxel AB, Kwon SC, Liang PS. Factors Associated with Up-to-Date Colonoscopy Use Among Puerto Ricans in New York City, 2003-2016. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:2907-2915. [PMID: 33063189 PMCID: PMC8050125 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among Hispanic Americans. Puerto Ricans are the second largest Hispanic subgroup in the USA and the largest in New York City, but little is known about predictors of colorectal cancer screening uptake in this population. AIMS We used the New York City Community Health Survey, a population-based telephone survey, to investigate predictors of up-to-date colonoscopy use over time among Puerto Ricans aged ≥ 50 years in NYC. METHODS We assessed the association between sociodemographic and medical factors and up-to-date colonoscopy use (defined as colonoscopy within the last 10 years) using univariable and multivariable logistic regression over six time periods: 2003-2005, 2006-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016. RESULTS On multivariable analysis, age ≥ 65 years (OR 1.64-1.93 over three periods) and influenza vaccination (OR 1.86-2.17 over five periods) were the two factors most consistently associated with up-to-date colonoscopy use. Individuals without a primary care provider (OR 0.38-0.50 over three periods) and who did not exercise (OR 0.49-0.52 over two periods) were significantly less likely to have an up-to-date colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS Older age, influenza vaccination, having a primary care provider, and exercise are independent predictors of up-to-date colonoscopy use among Puerto Ricans in NYC. Interventions to improve screening colonoscopy uptake among Puerto Ricans should be targeted to those aged 50-64 years and who do not have a primary care provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Ng
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yuhe Xia
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Matthew Glenn
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Neha Nagpal
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Andrea B Troxel
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Simona C Kwon
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Peter S Liang
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, 423 E 23rd St 11N GI, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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Leach HJ, Baxter BA, Beale MN, Smith HV, Rao S, Hibbs-Shipp S, Ryan EP. Feasibility of Beans/Bran Enriching Nutritional Eating For Intestinal Health & Cancer Including Activity for Longevity: A Pilot Trial to Improve Healthy Lifestyles among Individuals at High Risk for Colorectal Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420967101. [PMID: 33111581 PMCID: PMC7786415 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420967101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Examine the feasibility and preliminary effects of a lifestyle intervention of rice bran plus navy bean supplementation, and physical activity (PA) education on intake of fiber and whole grains, and PA levels. Design: Randomized-controlled, single-blinded. Setting: Academic institution and free-living. Subjects: Adults >18 years, with ≥1 adenomatous polyp removed within 3 years. Intervention: Participants received powder and pre-prepared meals and snacks that contained either rice bran (30 g/day) plus navy bean (30 g/day), or Fibersol-2® (10 g/day), for 12-weeks. All participants received a 1-hour (PA) education session. Measures: Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and retention rates, and compliance to the study foods and procedures. Three-day food logs were analyzed using Nutritionist Pro™ to estimate fiber intake, and the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24®) Dietary Assessment Tool calculated Healthy Eating Index (HEI) whole grain and total scores. PA was measured using an ActivPAL™ accelerometer. Analysis: Continuous data were summarized as median, range, and percent change from baseline to post-intervention. Results: N = 20 (86.9%) completed the intervention. Compliance was 92% in the rice bran plus navy bean versus 89% in Fibersol-2®. Navy bean consumption increased from 2 g/day to 30 g/day, and rice bran from 0 g/day to 30 g/day. Fiber intake (g/day) increased by 73% versus 82%, HEI whole grain improved by 270% versus 37%, and HEI total improved by 10% versus 9.1% in rice bran plus navy bean and Fibersol-2®, respectively. Total PA (MET-hours/day) showed minimal change for intervention (+0.04%) and control (+4%). Conclusion: Findings merit a larger trial of rice bran plus navy bean and PA to evaluate efficacy for dietary and cancer prevention-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Leach
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, CO, USA.,Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Bridget A Baxter
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Melanie N Beale
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Hillary V Smith
- Department of Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, CO, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Hibbs-Shipp
- Department of Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, CO, USA.,Department of Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA
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Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients with Hemorrhoids: A 10-Year Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168655. [PMID: 34444406 PMCID: PMC8394877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk of developing CRC in people with hemorrhoids. Using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we established three sets of retrospective study cohorts with and without hemorrhoids. The first set of cohorts were matched by sex and age, the second set of cohorts were matched by propensity score without including colonoscopies, and the third set of cohorts were matched by propensity score with colonoscopies, colorectal adenomas, and appendectomies included. In the second set of cohorts, 36,864 persons with hemorrhoids that were diagnosed from 2000 to 2010 and a comparison cohort, with the same size and matched by propensity score, were established and followed up to the end of 2011 to assess the incidence and Cox proportional regression-measured hazard ratio (HR) of CRC. The overall incidence rate of CRC was 2.39 times greater in the hemorrhoid cohort than it was in the comparison cohort (1.29 vs. 0.54 per 1000 person-years), with a multivariable model measured adjusted HR of 2.18 (95% CI = 1.78–2.67) after controlling for sex, age, and comorbidity. Further analysis on the CRC incidence rates among colorectal sites revealed higher incidence rates at the rectum and sigmoid than at other sites, with adjusted HRs 2.20 (95% CI = 1.48–3.28) and 1.79 (95% CI = 1.06–3.02), respectively. The overall incidence rates of both cohorts were similar in the first and second sets of cohorts, whereas the rate was lower in the third set of hemorrhoid cohorts than in the respective comparison cohorts, probably because of overmatching. Our findings suggest that patients with hemorrhoids were at an elevated risk of developing CRC. Colonoscopy may be strongly suggested for identifying CRC among those with hemorrhoids, especially if they have received a positive fecal occult blood test result.
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Matich EK, Laryea JA, Seely KA, Stahr S, Su LJ, Hsu PC. Association between pesticide exposure and colorectal cancer risk and incidence: A systematic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112327. [PMID: 34029839 PMCID: PMC8694176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating the association between pesticide exposure and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVES Investigate the association between pesticide exposure and CRC risk through a systematic literature review. METHODS CRC has the fourth-highest rate of cancer-caused death in the US after lung cancer, breast cancer in women, and prostate cancer in men. Here we have conducted a systematic literature search on studies examining the association between any pesticide exposure and CRC risk using PubMed, MEDLINE via EBSCO host, and Embase according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. RESULTS Following the review, 139 articles were included for qualitative evaluation. Study participants were farmers, pesticide applicators, pesticide manufacturers, spouses of pesticide applicators, farm residents, Korean veterans of the Vietnam War, rural communities, and those who consumed food with pesticide residues. The studies' results were split between those with significant positive (39 significant results) and inverse (41 significant results) associations when comparing pesticide exposure and CRC risk. DISCUSSION From our literature review, we have identified a similar number of significant positive and inverse associations of pesticide exposure with CRC risk and therefore cannot conclude whether pesticide exposure has a positive or inverse association with CRC risk overall. However, certain pesticides such as terbufos, dicamba, trifluralin, S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), imazethapyr, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, pendimethalin, and acetochlor are of great concern not only for their associated elevated risk of CRC, but also for the current legal usage in the United States (US). Aldicarb and dieldrin are of moderate concern for the positive associations with CRC risk, and also for the illegal usage or the detection on imported food products even though they have been banned in the US. Pesticides can linger in the soil, water, and air for weeks to years and, therefore, can lead to exposure to farmers, manufacturing workers, and those living in rural communities near these farms and factories. Approximately 60 million people in the US live in rural areas and all of the CRC mortality hotspots are within the rural communities. The CRC mortality rate is still increasing in the rural regions despite the overall decreasing of incidence and mortality of CRC elsewhere. Therefore, the results from this study on the relationship between pesticide exposure and CRC risk will help us to understand CRC health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn K Matich
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jonathan A Laryea
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kathryn A Seely
- Public Health Laboratory, Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Shelbie Stahr
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - L Joseph Su
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Smartphone-recorded physical activity for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14851. [PMID: 34290291 PMCID: PMC8295266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly associated with mortality and diverse outcomes, routine measurement is limited. We used smartphone-derived physical activity data to estimate fitness among 50 older adults. We recruited iPhone owners undergoing cardiac stress testing and collected recent iPhone physical activity data. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured as peak metabolic equivalents of task (METs) achieved on cardiac stress test. We then estimated peak METs using multivariable regression models incorporating iPhone physical activity data, and validated with bootstrapping. Individual smartphone variables most significantly correlated with peak METs (p-values both < 0.001) included daily peak gait speed averaged over the preceding 30 days (r = 0.63) and root mean square of the successive differences of daily distance averaged over 365 days (r = 0.57). The best-performing multivariable regression model included the latter variable, as well as age and body mass index. This model explained 68% of variability in observed METs (95% CI 46%, 81%), and estimated peak METs with a bootstrapped mean absolute error of 1.28 METs (95% CI 0.98, 1.60). Our model using smartphone physical activity estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with high performance. Our results suggest larger, independent samples might yield estimates accurate and precise for risk stratification and disease prognostication.
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46
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Chan DKH, Buczacki SJA. Tumour heterogeneity and evolutionary dynamics in colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:53. [PMID: 34272358 PMCID: PMC8285471 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a global burden of disease. Our current understanding of CRC has progressed from initial discoveries which focused on the stepwise accumulation of key driver mutations, as encapsulated in the Vogelstein model, to one in which marked heterogeneity leads to a complex interplay between clonal populations. Current evidence suggests that an initial explosion, or “Big Bang”, of genetic diversity is followed by a period of neutral dynamics. A thorough understanding of this interplay between clonal populations during neutral evolution gives insights into the roles in which driver genes may participate in the progress from normal colonic epithelium to adenoma and carcinoma. Recent advances have focused not only on genetics, transcriptomics, and proteomics but have also investigated the ecological and evolutionary processes which transform normal cells into cancer. This review first describes the role which driver mutations play in the Vogelstein model and subsequently demonstrates the evidence which supports a more complex model. This article also aims to underscore the significance of tumour heterogeneity and diverse clonal populations in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedrick Kok Hong Chan
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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47
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Emerson JA, Dunsiger S, Lee HH, Kahler CW, Bock B, Williams DM. Daily Instrumental and Affective Attitudes About Exercise: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. Ann Behav Med 2021; 56:726-736. [PMID: 34165140 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily decisions to exercise may be influenced by day-to-day changes in affective attitudes (AA) and instrumental attitudes (IA) toward exercise. However, the within-day association between AA, IA, and exercise behavior has received little attention. PURPOSE To examine the effects of more temporally proximal (daily) AA and IA on daily exercise behavior beyond traditionally assessed distal (at the beginning of an exercise program) AA and IA. METHODS In the context of a 3-month exercise promotion program (N = 50), distal AA and IA were assessed at baseline. Ecological momentary assessment was used to assess proximal AA, IA, and exercise each day. RESULTS Between-subject differences in distal AA (OR = 1.28, p = .03) and distal IA (OR = 1.34, p = .01) were predictive of average likelihood of exercise each day over the 3-month period. Within-subject differences in proximal AA (OR = 1.19, p = .007), but not proximal IA (OR = 1.11, p = .18), predicted exercise each day beyond the between-subjects effects of distal AA and IA. Exploratory analysis revealed an interaction, such that the within-subjects impact of proximal AA on daily exercise was most evident among individuals who held more negative distal AA at baseline (OR = 0.80, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Attitude type (affective versus instrumental) and temporality (distal versus proximal) are important to consider in attempts to predict and understand exercise behavior. In addition to targeting change in distal attitudes, exercise interventions should target changes in daily AA to impact exercise later in the same day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Emerson
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, 196 Richmond St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Harold H Lee
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher W Kahler
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Beth Bock
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David M Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Whelton SP, Berning P, Blumenthal RS, Marshall CH, Martin SS, Mortensen MB, Blaha MJ, Dzaye O. Multidisciplinary prevention and management strategies for colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 87:3-12. [PMID: 33610416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Their numerous shared and modifiable risk factors underscore the importance of effective prevention strategies for these largely preventable diseases. Conventionally regarded as separate disease entities, clear pathophysiological links and overlapping risk factors represent an opportunity for synergistic collaborative efforts of oncologists and cardiologists. In addition, current CRC treatment approaches can exert cardiotoxicity and thus increase CVD risk. Given the complex interplay of both diseases and increasing numbers of CRC survivors who are at increased risk for CVD, multidisciplinary cardio-oncological approaches are warranted for optimal patient care from primary prevention to acute disease treatment and long-term surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus P Whelton
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Philipp Berning
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Catherine Handy Marshall
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seth S Martin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martin Bødtker Mortensen
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Faraldi M, Gerosa L, Gomarasca M, Sansoni V, Perego S, Ziemann E, Banfi G, Lombardi G. A Physically Active Status Affects the Circulating Profile of Cancer-Associated miRNAs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050820. [PMID: 33946605 PMCID: PMC8147229 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating miRNAs are ideal diagnostics and prognostics biomarkers in cancer since altered levels of specific miRNAs have been associated to development/progression of several cancers. Physical activity is a recognized preventive strategy against several cancers, but it may also modify the baseline levels of cancer-associated miRNAs and, hence, may act as a confounding pre-analytical variable. This study aimed at understanding whether physical activity-dependent changes in cancer-associated circulating miRNAs profile could act as a confounding variable. A panel comprising 179 miRNAs was assayed in plasma from 20 highly trained and 10 sedentary men. RT-qPCR data were analyzed with the 2−2ΔΔCT methods and normalized on hsa-miR-320d, as determined by bioinformatics analysis. miRNAs associated with the diagnosis of the most prevalent cancers were considered. Only those miRNAs, relevantly associated with cancers, found ≥2-fold up- or downregulated in highly trained subjects compared to sedentary were disclosed. The results reveal that chronic physical activity determined modifications altering the baseline level of several cancer-associated miRNAs and, hence, their diagnostic and prognostic potential. In conclusion, based on our results, a physically active status emerges as an important pre-analytical variable able to alter the basal level of circulating miRNAs, and these alterations might be considered as potentially misleading the analytical output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Laura Gerosa
- Gruppo San Donato Foundation, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02166214068
| | - Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
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50
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Lee J, Lee J, Ahn J, Lee DW, Kim HR, Kang MY. Association of sedentary work with colon and rectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:277-286. [PMID: 33910983 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There has been no research on sedentary behaviour in the occupational domain that occupies a large portion of the daily life. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between sedentary work and colorectal cancer. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to 12 August 2020 for peer-reviewed journal articles that assessed the association between sedentary work and colon or rectal cancer. Pooled estimates of ORs were obtained using random effects models. Statistical tests for publication bias, heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis were applied. RESULTS Of the 5 381 studies initially identified, 23 studies with 64 reports were eligible for inclusion. Sedentary work significantly increased the risk of colon cancer (pooled OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.31, p value ≤0.0001) and rectal cancer (pooled OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.16, p value=0.0395). The adjustment for leisure time physical activity attenuated the association and made the risk estimates non-significant for sedentary behaviour, but the association was independent of sex, control of body mass index and assessment of sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of association between sedentary work and the risk of colon or rectal cancer. Limiting excessive sedentary work could be an important means of preventing colon and rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaeYong Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Ahn
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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