1
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Huang Y, Schnurbusch T. The Birth and Death of Floral Organs in Cereal Crops. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:427-458. [PMID: 38424062 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-060223-041716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Florets of cereal crops are the basic reproductive organs that produce grains for food or feed. The birth of a floret progresses through meristem initiation and floral organ identity specification and maintenance. During these processes, both endogenous and external cues can trigger a premature floral organ death, leading to reproductive failure. Recent advances in different cereal crops have identified both conserved and distinct regulators governing the birth of a floret. However, the molecular underpinnings of floral death are just beginning to be understood. In this review, we first provide a general overview of the current findings in the field of floral development in major cereals and outline different forms of floral deaths, particularly in the Triticeae crops. We then highlight the importance of vascular patterning and photosynthesis in floral development and reproductive success and argue for an expanded knowledge of floral birth-death balance in the context of agroecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany; ,
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany; ,
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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2
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Mou S, He W, Jiang H, Meng Q, Zhang T, Liu Z, Qiu A, He S. Transcription factor CaHDZ15 promotes pepper basal thermotolerance by activating HEAT SHOCK FACTORA6a. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:812-831. [PMID: 38270532 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
High temperature stress (HTS) is a serious threat to plant growth and development and to crop production in the context of global warming, and plant response to HTS is largely regulated at the transcriptional level by the actions of various transcription factors (TFs). However, whether and how homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) TFs are involved in thermotolerance are unclear. Herein, we functionally characterized a pepper (Capsicum annuum) HD-Zip I TF CaHDZ15. CaHDZ15 expression was upregulated by HTS and abscisic acid in basal thermotolerance via loss- and gain-of-function assays by virus-induced gene silencing in pepper and overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. CaHDZ15 acted positively in pepper basal thermotolerance by directly targeting and activating HEAT SHOCK FACTORA6a (HSFA6a), which further activated CaHSFA2. In addition, CaHDZ15 interacted with HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70-2 (CaHsp70-2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase1 (CaGAPC1), both of which positively affected pepper thermotolerance. CaHsp70-2 and CaGAPC1 promoted CaHDZ15 binding to the promoter of CaHSFA6a, thus enhancing its transcription. Furthermore, CaHDZ15 and CaGAPC1 were protected from 26S proteasome-mediated degradation by CaHsp70-2 via physical interaction. These results collectively indicate that CaHDZ15, modulated by the interacting partners CaGAPC1 and CaHsp70-2, promotes basal thermotolerance by directly activating the transcript of CaHSFA6a. Thus, a molecular linkage is established among CaHsp70-2, CaGAPC1, and CaHDZ15 to transcriptionally modulate CaHSFA6a in pepper thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoliang Mou
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Weihong He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Qianqian Meng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Agriculture Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Ailian Qiu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Agriculture Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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3
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Sun W, Lu C, Wen L, Liu Y, Zhou X, Xiao X, Guo X, Wang Z, Sun Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Low sucrose availability reduces basal spikelet fertility by inducing abscisic acid and jasmonic acid synthesis in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1967-1981. [PMID: 38069503 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Within a spike of wheat, the central spikelets usually generate three to four fertile florets, while the basal spikelets generate zero to one fertile floret. The physiological and transcriptional mechanism behind the difference in fertility between the basal and central spikelets is unclear. This study reports a high temporal resolution investigation of transcriptomes, number and morphology of floret primordia, and physiological traits. The W6.5-W7.5 stage was regarded as the boundary to distinguish between fertile and abortive floret primordia; those floret primordia reaching the W6.5-W7.5 stage during the differentiation phase (3-9 d after terminal spikelet stage) usually developed into fertile florets in the next dimorphism phase (12-27 d after terminal spikelet stage), whereas the others aborted. The central spikelets had a greater number of fertile florets than the basal spikelets, which was associated with more floret primordia reaching the W6.5-W7.5 stage. Physiological and transcriptional results demonstrated that the central spikelets had a higher sucrose content and lower abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation than the basal spikelets due to down-regulation of genes involved in ABA and JA synthesis. Collectively, we propose a model in which ABA and JA accumulation is induced under limiting sucrose availability (basal spikelet) through the up-regulation of genes involved in ABA and JA synthesis; this leads to floret primordia in the basal spikelets failing to reach their fertile potential (W6.5-W7.5 stage) during the differentiation phase and then aborting. This fertility repression model may also regulate spikelet fertility in other cereal crops and potentially provides genetic resources to improve spikelet fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chongjing Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liangyun Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqun Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuechen Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas, Hebei Province, 061800, China
| | - Zhencai Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas, Hebei Province, 061800, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas, Hebei Province, 061800, China
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Thiam EH, Dunn M, Jackson EW, Jellen EN, Nelson M, Rogers W, Wallace C, Ahlborn G, Mounir M, Yakovac T, Morris S, Benlhabib O. Quality Characteristics of Twelve Advanced Lines of Avena magna ssp. domestica Grown in Three Contrasting Locations in Morocco. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:294. [PMID: 38256847 PMCID: PMC10818295 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The popularity of oats (Avena sativa) continues to increase in the cereal market due to their health benefits. The recent domestication of Avena magna, a Moroccan oat, presents an opportunity to enhance these benefits due to their higher nutritional composition. As the impact of microclimates on A. magna grain composition has not been explored, this study evaluates twelve A. magna ssp. domestica lines across three Moroccan locations, providing new data into microclimate effects on key grain characteristics. Significant variability is observed among lines and sites for nutrients, with mean protein, fat, and dietary fiber contents at 23.1%, 8.38%, and 7.23%, respectively. High protein levels, reaching 27.1% in Alnif and 26.5% in El Kbab, surpass the 'Avery' control (21.7% and 24.2%) in these environments. Groats from Bouchane exhibited elevated fat and fiber contents (10.2% and 9.94%) compared to the control (8.83% and 7.36%). While β-glucan levels remain consistent at 2.53%, a negative correlation between protein content, fat, and starch was observed. A. magna lines exhibited higher levels of iron (7.50 × 10-3 g/100 g DM) and zinc (3.40 × 10-3 g/100 g DM) compared to other cereals. Environmental conditions significantly influence grain quality, with El Kbab yielding higher protein and ash contents, as well as Bouchane having increased fat, fiber, and starch. Stability analysis indicates that fat content was more influenced by the environment, while 25% of protein variability is influenced by genetics. Lines AT3, AT5, AT6, AT13, and AT15 consistently exceeds both the mean for protein and fiber across all sites, emphasizing their potential nutritional value. This study highlights the potential of A. magna ssp. domestica to address nutritional insecurity, particularly for protein, iron, and zinc in domestic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- El hadji Thiam
- Plant, Production, Protection and Biotechnology Department, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Michael Dunn
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Eric W. Jackson
- 25:2 Solutions LLC, 815 S First Ave Suite A, Pocatello, ID 83201, USA; (E.W.J.); (T.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Eric N. Jellen
- Plant and Wildlife Sciences Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Mark Nelson
- Resourced Inc., 304 East Main Street #148, Mahomet, IL 61853, USA; (M.N.); (W.R.)
| | - Will Rogers
- Resourced Inc., 304 East Main Street #148, Mahomet, IL 61853, USA; (M.N.); (W.R.)
| | - Carol Wallace
- Resourced Inc., 304 East Main Street #148, Mahomet, IL 61853, USA; (M.N.); (W.R.)
| | - Gene Ahlborn
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Majid Mounir
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Teresa Yakovac
- 25:2 Solutions LLC, 815 S First Ave Suite A, Pocatello, ID 83201, USA; (E.W.J.); (T.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Shane Morris
- 25:2 Solutions LLC, 815 S First Ave Suite A, Pocatello, ID 83201, USA; (E.W.J.); (T.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Ouafae Benlhabib
- Plant, Production, Protection and Biotechnology Department, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
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Cseh A, Lenykó-Thegze A, Makai D, Szabados F, Hamow KÁ, Gulyás Z, Kiss T, Karsai I, Moncsek B, Mihók E, Sepsi A. Meiotic instability and irregular chromosome pairing underpin heat-induced infertility in bread wheat carrying the Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b Green Revolution genes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:180-196. [PMID: 37691304 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a genes of wheat (Triticum aestivum; resulting in Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b alleles) cause gibberellin-insensitive dwarfism and are one of the most important elements of increased yield introduced during the 'Green Revolution'. We measured the effects of a short period of heat imposed during the early reproductive stage on near-isogenic lines carrying Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b alleles, with respect to the wild-type (WT). The temperature shift caused a significant fertility loss within the ears of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b wheats, greater than that observed for the WT. Defects in chromosome synapsis, reduced homologous recombination and a high frequency of chromosome mis-segregation were associated with reduced fertility. The transcription of TaGA3ox gene involved in the final stage of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis was activated and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified GA1 as the dominant bioactive GA in developing ears, but levels were unaffected by the elevated temperature. Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b mutants were inclined to meiotic errors under optimal temperatures and showed a higher susceptibility to heat than their tall counterparts. Identification and introduction of new dwarfing alleles into modern breeding programmes is invaluable in the development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Cseh
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lenykó-Thegze
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Egyetem tér 1-3, Budapest, 1053, Hungary
| | - Diána Makai
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Fanni Szabados
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Gulyás
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kiss
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
- Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eszterházy tér 1, Eger, 3300, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Karsai
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Blanka Moncsek
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Edit Mihók
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Adél Sepsi
- HUN-REN, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
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Zhu Z, Esche F, Babben S, Trenner J, Serfling A, Pillen K, Maurer A, Quint M. An exotic allele of barley EARLY FLOWERING 3 contributes to developmental plasticity at elevated temperatures. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2912-2931. [PMID: 36449391 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increase in ambient temperatures caused by climate change affects various morphological and developmental traits of plants, threatening crop yield stability. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) plays prominent roles in temperature sensing and thermomorphogenesis signal transduction. However, how crop species respond to elevated temperatures is poorly understood. Here, we show that the barley ortholog of AtELF3 interacts with high temperature to control growth and development. We used heterogeneous inbred family (HIF) pairs generated from a segregating mapping population and systematically studied the role of exotic ELF3 variants in barley temperature responses. An exotic ELF3 allele of Syrian origin promoted elongation growth in barley at elevated temperatures, whereas plant area and estimated biomass were drastically reduced, resulting in an open canopy architecture. The same allele accelerated inflorescence development at high temperature, which correlated with early transcriptional induction of MADS-box floral identity genes BM3 and BM8. Consequently, barley plants carrying the exotic ELF3 allele displayed stable total grain number at elevated temperatures. Our findings therefore demonstrate that exotic ELF3 variants can contribute to phenotypic and developmental acclimation to elevated temperatures, providing a stimulus for breeding of climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Finn Esche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Steve Babben
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jana Trenner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Albrecht Serfling
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcel Quint
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Callens C, Fernandez-Goméz J, Tucker MR, Zhang D, Wilson ZA. Heat stress responses vary during floret development in European spring barley cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:918730. [PMID: 36816480 PMCID: PMC9936242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Poaceae, or grasses, include many agriculturally important cereal crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Barley is a widely grown cereal crop used for stock feed, malting and brewing. Abiotic stresses, particularly global warming, are the major causes of crop yield losses by affecting fertility and seed set. However, effects of heat stress on reproductive structures and fertility in barley have not been extensively investigated. In this study we examined three commercial European spring barley varieties under high temperature conditions to investigate the effects on floret development. Using a combination of fertility assays, X-ray micro computed tomography, 3-dimensional modelling, cytology and immunolabelling, we observed that male reproductive organs are severely impacted by increased temperature, while the female reproductive organs are less susceptible. Importantly, the timing of stress relative to reproductive development had a significant impact on fertility in a cultivar-dependent manner, this was most significant at pollen mitosis stage with fertility ranged from 31.6-56.0% depending on cultivar. This work provides insight into how heat stress, when applied during male pollen mother cell meiosis and pollen mitosis, affects barley fertility and seed set, and also describes complementary invasive and non-invasive techniques to investigate floret development. This information will be used to identify and study barley cultivars that are less susceptible to heat stress at specific stages of floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Callens
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | | | - Matthew R. Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zoe A. Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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8
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Abstract
Wheat grain development is an important biological process to determine grain yield and quality, which is controlled by the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Wheat grain development has been extensively characterized at the phenotypic and genetic levels. The advent of innovative molecular technologies allows us to characterize genes, proteins, and regulatory factors involved in wheat grain development, which have enhanced our understanding of the wheat seed development process. However, wheat is an allohexaploid with a large genome size, the molecular mechanisms underlying the wheat grain development have not been well understood as those in diploids. Understanding grain development, and how it is regulated, is of fundamental importance for improving grain yield and quality through conventional breeding or genetic engineering. Herein, we review the current discoveries on the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat grain development. Notably, only a handful of genes that control wheat grain development have, thus far, been well characterized, their interplay underlying the grain development remains elusive. The synergistic network-integrated genomics and epigenetics underlying wheat grain development and how the subgenome divergence dynamically and precisely regulates wheat grain development are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
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9
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Zhang P, Zhu W, He Y, Fan J, Shi J, Fu R, Hu J, Li L, Zhang D, Liang W. THERMOSENSITIVE BARREN PANICLE (TAP) is required for rice panicle and spikelet development at high ambient temperature. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:855-869. [PMID: 36263719 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In cereal plants, the size of the panicle (inflorescence) is a critical factor for yield. Panicle size is determined by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, but the mechanisms underlying adaptations to temperature stress during panicle development remain largely unknown. We identify the rice THERMOSENSITIVE BARREN PANICLE (TAP) gene, which encodes a transposase-derived FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE (FRS) protein and is responsible for regulating panicle and spikelet development at high ambient temperature. The tap mutants display high temperature-dependent reproductive abnormalities, including compromised secondary branch and spikelet initiation and pleiotropic floral organ defects. Consistent with its thermosensitive phenotype, TAP expression is induced by high temperature. TAP directly promotes the expression of OsYABBY3 (OsYAB3), OsYAB4, and OsYAB5, which encode key transcriptional regulators in panicle and spikelet development. In addition, TAP physically interacts with OsYAB4 and OsYAB5 proteins; phenotypic analysis of osyab4 tap-1 and osyab5 tap-1 double mutants indicates that TAP-OsYAB4/OsYAB5 complexes act to maintain normal panicle and spikelet development. Taken together, our study reveals the novel role of a TE-derived transcription factor in controlling rice panicle development under high ambient temperatures, shedding light on the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptation of cereal crops to increasing environmental temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Wanwan Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Yi He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Junyi Fan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Ruifeng Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
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10
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Girousse C. Heat shock exposure during early wheat grain development can reduce maximum endosperm cell number but not necessarily final grain dry mass. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285218. [PMID: 37115800 PMCID: PMC10146457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-anthesis heat shocks, which are expected to increase in frequency under climate change, may affect wheat grain development and lead to significant decreases in grain yield. Grain development occurs in three phases, the lag-phase, the filling-phase, and maturation. The growth of the three main compartments of the grain (outer layers (OLs), endosperm, embryo) is staggered, so that heat shocks affect time- and tissue-specific growth processes differentially depending on their timing. We hypothesized that heat shocks during the lag-phase may reduce final grain size, resulting from a reduction in endosperm cell number and/or a restricted OLs growth. Plants were heated for four consecutive days during the lag-phase or the filling-phase or both phases (lag- and filling-). Heat shocks consisted in four hours a day at 38°C and 21°C for the rest of the day. Controlled plants were maintained at 21/14°C (day/night). For each temperature treatment, kinetics of whole grain and compartment masses and dimensions were measured as well as the endosperm cell number. An early heat shock reduced endosperm cell proliferation. However, the growth patterns neither of endosperm nor of OLs were modified compared to controls, resulting in no differences in final grain size. Furthermore, compared to controls, a single heat shock during the filling-phase reduced both the duration and rate of dry mass accumulation into grains, whereas two consecutive shocks reduced the duration but enhanced the rate of dry mass of accumulation, even when endosperm cell number was reduced. The mean endosperm cell size was shown to be larger after early heat shocks. All together, these results suggest a compensatory mechanism exists to regulate endosperm cell size and number. This process might be a new mechanistic target for molecular studies and would improve our understanding of post-anthesis wheat tolerance to heat-shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Girousse
- INRAE, UCA, UMR 1095 GDEC, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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11
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Nagel M, Arc E, Rajjou L, Cueff G, Bailly M, Clément G, Sanchez-Vicente I, Bailly C, Seal CE, Roach T, Rolletschek H, Lorenzo O, Börner A, Kranner I. Impacts of drought and elevated temperature on the seeds of malting barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1049323. [PMID: 36570960 PMCID: PMC9773840 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High seed quality is key to agricultural production, which is increasingly affected by climate change. We studied the effects of drought and elevated temperature during seed production on key seed quality traits of two genotypes of malting barley (Hordeum sativum L.). Plants of a "Hana-type" landrace (B1) were taller, flowered earlier and produced heavier, larger and more vigorous seeds that resisted ageing longer compared to a semi-dwarf breeding line (B2). Accordingly, a NAC domain-containing transcription factor (TF) associated with rapid response to environmental stimuli, and the TF ABI5, a key regulator of seed dormancy and vigour, were more abundant in B1 seeds. Drought significantly reduced seed yield in both genotypes, and elevated temperature reduced seed size. Genotype B2 showed partial thermodormancy that was alleviated by drought and elevated temperature. Metabolite profiling revealed clear differences between the embryos of B1 and B2. Drought, but not elevated temperature, affected the metabolism of amino acids, organic acids, osmolytes and nitrogen assimilation, in the seeds of both genotypes. Our study may support future breeding efforts to produce new lodging and drought resistant malting barleys without trade-offs that can occur in semi-dwarf varieties such as lower stress resistance and higher dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Nagel
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Erwann Arc
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Marlene Bailly
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Inmaculada Sanchez-Vicente
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christophe Bailly
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte E. Seal
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andreas Börner
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Wang L, Zhuang H, Fan W, Zhang X, Dong H, Yang H, Cho J. m 6A RNA methylation impairs gene expression variability and reproductive thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. Genome Biol 2022; 23:244. [PMID: 36419179 PMCID: PMC9686071 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-imposed crop failure is often attributed to reduced thermotolerance of floral tissues; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that m6A RNA methylation increases in Arabidopsis flowers and negatively regulates gene expression variability. Stochastic gene expression provides flexibility to cope with environmental stresses. We find that reduced transcriptional fluctuation is associated with compromised activation of heat-responsive genes. Moreover, disruption of an RNA demethylase AtALKBH10B leads to lower gene expression variability, suppression of heat-activated genes, and strong reduction of plant fertility. Our work proposes a novel role for RNA methylation in the bet-hedging strategy of heat stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- grid.452763.10000 0004 1777 8361Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Haiyan Zhuang
- grid.452763.10000 0004 1777 8361Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wenwen Fan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xia Zhang
- grid.452763.10000 0004 1777 8361Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.412531.00000 0001 0701 1077College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Haihong Dong
- grid.452763.10000 0004 1777 8361Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602 China ,grid.412531.00000 0001 0701 1077College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Hongxing Yang
- grid.452763.10000 0004 1777 8361Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jungnam Cho
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049 China ,CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Shanghai, 200032 China
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13
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Wang X, Chang C. Exploring and exploiting cuticle biosynthesis for abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in wheat and barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064390. [PMID: 36438119 PMCID: PMC9685406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat and barley are widely distributed cereal crops whose yields are adversely affected by environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and attacks of pathogens and pests. As the interphase between aerial plant organs and their environments, hydrophobic cuticle largely consists of a cutin matrix impregnated and sealed with cuticular waxes. Increasing evidence supports that the cuticle plays a key role in plant adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses, which could be harnessed for wheat and barley improvement. In this review, we highlighted recent advances in cuticle biosynthesis and its multifaceted roles in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance of wheat and barley. Current strategies, challenges, and future perspectives on manipulating cuticle biosynthesis for abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in wheat and barley are discussed.
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14
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Zenda T, Wang N, Dong A, Zhou Y, Duan H. Reproductive-Stage Heat Stress in Cereals: Impact, Plant Responses and Strategies for Tolerance Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6929. [PMID: 35805930 PMCID: PMC9266455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive-stage heat stress (RSHS) poses a major constraint to cereal crop production by damaging main plant reproductive structures and hampering reproductive processes, including pollen and stigma viability, pollination, fertilization, grain setting and grain filling. Despite this well-recognized fact, research on crop heat stress (HS) is relatively recent compared to other abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, and in particular, RSHS studies in cereals are considerably few in comparison with seedling-stage and vegetative-stage-centered studies. Meanwhile, climate change-exacerbated HS, independently or synergistically with drought, will have huge implications on crop performance and future global food security. Fortunately, due to their sedentary nature, crop plants have evolved complex and diverse transient and long-term mechanisms to perceive, transduce, respond and adapt to HS at the molecular, cell, physiological and whole plant levels. Therefore, uncovering the molecular and physiological mechanisms governing plant response and tolerance to RSHS facilitates the designing of effective strategies to improve HS tolerance in cereal crops. In this review, we update our understanding of several aspects of RSHS in cereals, particularly impacts on physiological processes and yield; HS signal perception and transduction; and transcriptional regulation by heat shock factors and heat stress-responsive genes. We also discuss the epigenetic, post-translational modification and HS memory mechanisms modulating plant HS tolerance. Moreover, we offer a critical set of strategies (encompassing genomics and plant breeding, transgenesis, omics and agronomy) that could accelerate the development of RSHS-resilient cereal crop cultivars. We underline that a judicious combination of all of these strategies offers the best foot forward in RSHS tolerance improvement in cereals. Further, we highlight critical shortcomings to RSHS tolerance investigations in cereals and propositions for their circumvention, as well as some knowledge gaps, which should guide future research priorities. Overall, our review furthers our understanding of HS tolerance in plants and supports the rational designing of RSHS-tolerant cereal crop cultivars for the warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (T.Z.); (N.W.); (A.D.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College o Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (T.Z.); (N.W.); (A.D.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College o Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Anyi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (T.Z.); (N.W.); (A.D.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College o Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Library Department, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Huijun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (T.Z.); (N.W.); (A.D.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College o Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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15
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Tomás D, Viegas W, Silva M. Grain Transcriptome Dynamics Induced by Heat in Commercial and Traditional Bread Wheat Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:842599. [PMID: 35783979 PMCID: PMC9248373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.842599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) events have negative impact on wheat grains yield and quality. Transcriptome profiles of wheat developing grains of commercial genotypes (Antequera and Bancal) and landraces (Ardito and Magueija) submitted to heatwave-like treatments during grain filling were evaluated. Landraces showed significantly more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and presented more similar responses than commercial genotypes. DEGs were more associated with transcription and RNA and protein synthesis in Antequera and with metabolism alterations in Bancal and landraces. Landraces upregulated genes encoding proteins already described as HT responsive, like heat shock proteins and cupins. Apart from the genes encoding HSP, two other genes were upregulated in all genotypes, one encoding for Adenylate kinase, essential for the cellular homeostasis, and the other for ferritin, recently related with increased tolerance to several abiotic stress in Arabidopsis. Moreover, a NAC transcription factor involved in plant development, known to be a negative regulator of starch synthesis and grain yield, was found to be upregulated in both commercial varieties and downregulated in Magueija landrace. The detected diversity of molecular processes involved in heat response of commercial and traditional genotypes contribute to understand the importance of genetic diversity and relevant pathways to cope with these extreme events.
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16
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Mahpara S, Bashir MS, Ullah R, Bilal M, Kausar S, Latif MI, Arif M, Akhtar I, Brestic M, Zuan ATK, Salama EAA, Al-Hashimi A, Alfagham A. Field screening of diverse wheat germplasm for determining their adaptability to semi-arid climatic conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265344. [PMID: 35303032 PMCID: PMC8932620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple food crop for one third of global population and important crop for securing future food security. Rapid changes in the climate on global scale could be a threat for future food security. This situation urges plant breeders to explore the genetic potential of existing wheat germplasm. This study screened forty diverse wheat genotypes for their yield under two different agroclimatic conditions, i.e., Layyah and Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Data relating to plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf area, spike length, number of spikelets, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, chlorophyll content and grain yield were recorded. The tested wheat genotypes significantly differed for grain yield and related traits. Grain yield was positively correlated with plant height, spike length, spike number, flag leaf length, number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight. Biplot obtained from the cluster analysis by Euclidean method grouped the studied genotypes in 3 different groups. The genotypes exhibited 10.77% variability within quadrants, whereas 72.36% variability was recorded between quadrants according to clustering. Dendrogram grouped the tested genotypes into two main clusters. The main cluster “I” comprised of 2 genotypes, i.e., ‘Seher-2006’ and ‘AS-2002’. The cluster “II” contained 38 genotypes based on Euclidian values. Genotypes within same cluster had smaller D2 values compared to those belonging to other clusters. The genetic relationships of genotypes provide useful information for breeding programs. Overall, the results revealed that genotypes ‘Line 9733’, ‘Bhakar-2002’, ‘Line A9’ and ‘SYN-46’ had better yield and yield stability under climatic conditions of southern Punjab. Therefore, these genotypes could be recommended for general cultivation in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzadi Mahpara
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MSB); (SM); (ATKZ)
| | - Muhammad Shafqat Bashir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MSB); (SM); (ATKZ)
| | - Rehmat Ullah
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Salma Kausar
- Senior Scientist (Agri Chemistry), Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Lodhran, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Arif
- Scientific Officer (Lab), Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Imran Akhtar
- Senior scientist (Ento), Regional Agriculture Research Institute, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (MSB); (SM); (ATKZ)
| | - Ehab A. A. Salama
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alfagham
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Du X, Gao Z, Sun X, Bian D, Ren J, Yan P, Cui Y. Increasing temperature during early spring increases winter wheat grain yield by advancing phenology and mitigating leaf senescence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152557. [PMID: 34952052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High temperature usually reduces wheat yield, especially at critical growth stages, such as anthesis and grain filling. However, effects of increasing temperature during wintering period on winter wheat growth and development are rarely reported. Hence, this three-year field experiment evaluated how artificial warming during early spring (wintering period) affects winter wheat. The warming treatment (WT) advanced the wheat reviving, jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages, but the average temperature in each growing stage reduced, thus extending the duration of tillering, spike differentiation, and grain filling. Concurrently, the leaf area index and biomass accumulation were obviously increased. Additionally, WT showed a lower leaf senescence rate compared with that of control (CK). Also, the photosynthesis rate and SPAD of WT were increased relative to CK. WT increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, and reduced malondialdehyde content in flag leaf during the grain filling stage, suggesting WT during early spring could delay leaf senescence after anthesis, which contributed to a high filling rate and long filling duration. Correspondingly, the final spike number, kernel number, and kernel weight of WT were significantly increased compared with CK. In the three seasons, grain yield was increased by 18.2%-37.5% in WT compared with CK. Results of this study provided a new viewpoint that increasing temperature could shorten the wintering period but extend the effective growth phase, and increase grain yield in winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Du
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Xiaonuo Sun
- Baoding Meteorological Bureau of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Dahong Bian
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Peng Yan
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Yanhong Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
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18
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Semba RD, Askari S, Gibson S, Bloem MW, Kraemer K. The Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Micronutrient-Rich Food Supply. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:80-100. [PMID: 34607354 PMCID: PMC8803495 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries worldwide. Climate change, characterized by increasing global surface temperatures and alterations in rainfall, has the capacity to affect the quality and accessibility of micronutrient-rich foods. The goals of this review are to summarize the potential effects of climate change and its consequences on agricultural yield and micronutrient quality, primarily zinc, iron, and vitamin A, of plant foods and upon the availability of animal foods, to discuss the implications for micronutrient deficiencies in the future, and to present possible mitigation and adaptive strategies. In general, the combination of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and rising temperature is predicted to reduce the overall yield of major staple crops, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, more than altering their micronutrient content. Crop yield is also reduced by elevated ground-level ozone and increased extreme weather events. Pollinator loss is expected to reduce the yield of many pollinator-dependent crops such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Sea-level rise resulting from melting of ice sheets and glaciers is predicted to result in coastal inundation, salt intrusion, and loss of coral reefs and mangrove forests, with an adverse impact upon coastal rice production and coastal fisheries. Global ocean fisheries catch is predicted to decline because of ocean warming and declining oxygen. Freshwater warming is also expected to alter ecosystems and reduce inland fisheries catch. In addition to limiting greenhouse gas production, adaptive strategies include postharvest fortification of foods; micronutrient supplementation; biofortification of staple crops with zinc and iron; plant breeding or genetic approaches to increase zinc, iron, and provitamin A carotenoid content of plant foods; and developing staple crops that are tolerant of abiotic stressors such as elevated carbon dioxide, elevated temperature, and increased soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sufia Askari
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gibson
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin W Bloem
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Ochagavía H, Kiss T, Karsai I, Casas AM, Igartua E. Responses of Barley to High Ambient Temperature Are Modulated by Vernalization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:776982. [PMID: 35145529 PMCID: PMC8822234 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.776982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperatures are increasing due to climate change. Cereal crops development and production will be affected consequently. Flowering time is a key factor for adaptation of small grain cereals and, therefore, exploring developmental responses of barley to rising temperatures is required. In this work, we studied phasic growth, and inflorescence traits related to yield, in eight near isogenic lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) differing at the VRN-H1, VRN-H2 and PPD-H1 genes, representing different growth habits. The lines were grown in contrasting vernalization treatments, under two temperature regimes (18 and 25°C), in long days. Lines with recessive ppd-H1 presented delayed development compared to lines with the sensitive PPD-H1 allele, across the two growth phases considered. High temperature delayed flowering in all unvernalized plants, and in vernalized spring barleys carrying the insensitive ppd-H1 allele, whilst it accelerated flowering in spring barleys with the sensitive PPD-H1 allele. This finding evidenced an interaction between PPD-H1, temperature and vernalization. At the high temperature, PPD-H1 lines in spring backgrounds (VRN-H1-7) yielded more, whereas lines with ppd-H1 were best in vrn-H1 background. Our study revealed new information that will support breeding high-yielding cultivars with specific combinations of major adaptation genes tailored to future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tibor Kiss
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Center for Research and Development, Food and Wine Center of Excellence, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Karsai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Ana M. Casas
- Aula Dei Experimental Station (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
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20
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Sita K, Sehgal A, Bhardwaj A, Bhandari K, Kumar S, Prasad PV, Jha U, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H. Nitric oxide secures reproductive efficiency in heat-stressed lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) plants by enhancing the photosynthetic ability to improve yield traits. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2549-2566. [PMID: 34924710 PMCID: PMC8639968 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures, globally and locally, would be detrimental for cool- and summer-season food legumes, such as lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Lentil is highly sensitive to supra-optimal temperatures (> 30 °C), particularly during reproductive growth, resulting in flower and pod losses. Thus, suitable strategies are needed to introduce heat tolerance in this legume. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO)-applied as foliar treatment of 1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), twice (one day before final exposure to high temperature, and again five days later)-on heat-stressed (32/20 °C) lentil genotypes, differing in heat sensitivity. As a result of heat stress, endogenous NO increased significantly in heat-tolerant genotypes (46-62% in leaves and 66-68% in anthers, relative to the respective controls), while it decreased in heat-sensitive (HS) genotypes (27-30% in leaves and 28-33% in anthers, relative to the respective controls). Foliar supplementation with SNP markedly increased endogenous NO in leaves and anthers of both the control and heat-treated plants. Heat stress significantly accelerated phenology, damaged membranes, chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, cellular viability, and decreased leaf water status, carbon fixing and assimilating ability, less so in plants treated with SNP. Heat stress plus SNP significantly improved carbon fixation (as RuBisCo activity) and assimilation ability, (as sucrose concentration (in leaves and anthers), sucrose synthase and vacuolar acid invertase activity, reducing sugars), as well as osmolyte accumulation (proline and glycine betaine) in leaves and anthers. Moreover, SNP-treated plants had significantly less oxidative damage-measured as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations-in leaves and anthers, relative to the respective control. Reproductive function-assessed as pollen grain germination and viability, stigma receptivity, and ovular viability-decreased markedly in plants exposed to heat stress alone, more so in HS genotypes, but increased significantly with SNP treatment as a consequence of improved leaf and anther function, to significantly increase the pod and seed numbers in heat-stressed lentil plants, relative to heat-stress alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Akanksha Sehgal
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS USA
| | - Anjali Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Kalpna Bhandari
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | | | | | - Uday Jha
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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21
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Kumar S, Singh VP, Saini DK, Sharma H, Saripalli G, Kumar S, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. Meta-QTLs, ortho-MQTLs, and candidate genes for thermotolerance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:69. [PMID: 37309361 PMCID: PMC10236124 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Meta-QTL analysis for thermotolerance in wheat was conducted to identify robust meta-QTLs (MQTLs). In this study, 441 QTLs related to 31 heat-responsive traits were projected on the consensus map with 50,310 markers. This exercise resulted in the identification of 85 MQTLs with confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.11 to 34.9 cM with an average of 5.6 cM. This amounted to a 2.96-fold reduction relative to the mean CI (16.5 cM) of the QTLs used. Seventy-seven (77) of these MQTLs were also compared and verified with the results of recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The 85 MQTLs included seven MQTLs that are particularly useful for breeding purposes (we called them breeders' MQTLs). Seven ortho-MQTLs between wheat and rice genomes were also identified using synteny and collinearity. The MQTLs were used for the identification of 1,704 candidate genes (CGs). In silico expression analysis of these CGs permitted identification of 182 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 36 high confidence CGs with known functions previously reported to be important for thermotolerance. These high confidence CGs encoded proteins belonging to the following families: protein kinase, WD40 repeat, glycosyltransferase, ribosomal protein, SNARE associated Golgi protein, GDSL lipase/esterase, SANT/Myb domain, K homology domain, etc. Thus, the present study resulted in the identification of MQTLs (including breeders' MQTLs), ortho-MQTLs, and underlying CGs, which could prove useful not only for molecular breeding for the development of thermotolerant wheat cultivars but also for future studies focused on understanding the molecular basis of thermotolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01264-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP India
| | - Vivudh Pratap Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Hemant Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP India
| | - Gautam Saripalli
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP India
| | - Harindra Singh Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP India
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22
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Lawrenson T, Hinchliffe A, Clarke M, Morgan Y, Harwood W. In-planta Gene Targeting in Barley Using Cas9 With and Without Geminiviral Replicons. Front Genome Ed 2021; 3:663380. [PMID: 34713258 PMCID: PMC8525372 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.663380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the use of RNA-guided Cas9-based genome editing in plants have been rapid over the last few years. A desirable application of genome editing is gene targeting (GT), as it allows a wide range of precise modifications; however, this remains inefficient especially in key crop species. Here, we describe successful, heritable gene targeting in barley at the target site of Cas9 using an in-planta strategy but fail to achieve the same using a wheat dwarf virus replicon to increase the copy number of the repair template. Without the replicon, we were able to delete 150 bp of the coding sequence of our target gene whilst simultaneously fusing in-frame mCherry in its place. Starting from 14 original transgenic plants, two plants appeared to have the required gene targeting event. From one of these T0 plants, three independent gene targeting events were identified, two of which were heritable. When the replicon was included, 39 T0 plants were produced and shown to have high copy numbers of the repair template. However, none of the 17 lines screened in T1 gave rise to significant or heritable gene targeting events despite screening twice the number of plants in T1 compared with the non-replicon strategy. Investigation indicated that high copy numbers of repair template created by the replicon approach cause false-positive PCR results which are indistinguishable at the sequence level to true GT events in junction PCR screens widely used in GT studies. In the successful non-replicon approach, heritable gene targeting events were obtained in T1, and subsequently, the T-DNA was found to be linked to the targeted locus. Thus, physical proximity of target and donor sites may be a factor in successful gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lawrenson
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martha Clarke
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Yvie Morgan
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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23
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Schindfessel C, Drozdowska Z, De Mooij L, Geelen D. Loss of obligate crossovers, defective cytokinesis and male sterility in barley caused by short-term heat stress. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:243-253. [PMID: 34021795 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-term heat stress during male meiosis causes defects in crossover formation, meiotic progression and cell wall formation in the monocot barley, ultimately leading to pollen abortion. High temperature conditions cause a reduction of fertility due to alterations in meiotic processes and gametogenesis. The male gametophyte development has been shown to be particularly sensitive to heat stress, and even short-term and modest temperature shifts cause alterations in crossover formation. In line with previous reports, we observed that male meiosis in the monocot barley exposed for 24-45 h to heat stress (32-42 °C) partially or completely eliminates obligate crossover formation and causes unbalanced chromosome segregation and meiotic abortion. Depending on the severity of heat stress, the structure and organization of the chromosomes were altered. In addition to alterations in chromosome structure and dynamics, heat treatment abolished or reduced the formation of a callose wall surrounding the meiocytes and interrupted the cell cycle progression leading to cytokinesis defects and microspore cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Schindfessel
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zofia Drozdowska
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Len De Mooij
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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24
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Janda T, Prerostová S, Vanková R, Darkó É. Crosstalk between Light- and Temperature-Mediated Processes under Cold and Heat Stress Conditions in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168602. [PMID: 34445308 PMCID: PMC8395339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme temperatures are among the most important stressors limiting plant growth and development. Results indicate that light substantially influences the acclimation processes to both low and high temperatures, and it may affect the level of stress injury. The interaction between light and temperature in the regulation of stress acclimation mechanisms is complex, and both light intensity and spectral composition play an important role. Higher light intensities may lead to overexcitation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain; while different wavelengths may act through different photoreceptors. These may induce various stress signalling processes, leading to regulation of stomatal movement, antioxidant and osmoregulation capacities, hormonal actions, and other stress-related pathways. In recent years, we have significantly expanded our knowledge in both light and temperature sensing and signalling. The present review provides a synthesis of results for understanding how light influences the acclimation of plants to extreme low or high temperatures, including the sensing mechanisms and molecular crosstalk processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Janda
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylva Prerostová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.P.); (R.V.)
| | - Radomíra Vanková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.P.); (R.V.)
| | - Éva Darkó
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary;
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25
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Li G, Kuijer HNJ, Yang X, Liu H, Shen C, Shi J, Betts N, Tucker MR, Liang W, Waugh R, Burton RA, Zhang D. MADS1 maintains barley spike morphology at high ambient temperatures. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1093-1107. [PMID: 34183784 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Temperature stresses affect plant phenotypic diversity. The developmental stability of the inflorescence, required for reproductive success, is tightly regulated by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. However, the mechanisms underpinning how plant inflorescence architecture responds to temperature are largely unknown. We demonstrate that the barley SEPALLATA MADS-box protein HvMADS1 is responsible for maintaining an unbranched spike architecture at high temperatures, while the loss-of-function mutant forms a branched inflorescence-like structure. HvMADS1 exhibits increased binding to target promoters via A-tract CArG-box motifs, which change conformation with temperature. Target genes for high-temperature-dependent HvMADS1 activation are predominantly associated with inflorescence differentiation and phytohormone signalling. HvMADS1 directly regulates the cytokinin-degrading enzyme HvCKX3 to integrate temperature response and cytokinin homeostasis, which is required to repress meristem cell cycle/division. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which genetic factors direct plant thermomorphogenesis, extending the recognized role of plant MADS-box proteins in floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia.
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.
| | - Hendrik N J Kuijer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Huiran Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Shen
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Natalie Betts
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robbie Waugh
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rachel A Burton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Praat M, De Smet I, van Zanten M. Protein kinase and phosphatase control of plant temperature responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab345. [PMID: 34283227 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants must cope with ever-changing temperature conditions in their environment. Suboptimal high and low temperatures, and stressful extreme temperatures, induce adaptive mechanisms that allow optimal performance and survival, respectively. These processes have been extensively studied at the physiological, transcriptional and (epi)genetic level. Cellular temperature signalling cascades and tolerance mechanisms also involve post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly protein phosphorylation. Many protein kinases are known to be involved in cold acclimation and heat stress responsiveness but research on the role and importance of kinases and phosphatases in triggering responses to mild changes in temperature such as thermomorphogenesis is inadequately understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of kinases and phosphatases in plant temperature responses. We discuss how kinases can function over a range of temperatures in different signalling pathways and provide an outlook to the application of PTM-modifying factors for the development of thermotolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Praat
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University. Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ive De Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University. Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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27
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Zhu T, De Lima CFF, De Smet I. The Heat is On: How Crop Growth, Development and Yield Respond to High Temperature. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab308. [PMID: 34185832 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a wide range of temperatures during their life cycle and need to continuously adapt. These adaptations need to deal with temperature changes on a daily and seasonal level and with temperatures affected by climate change. Increasing global temperatures negatively impact crop performance, and several physiological, biochemical, morphological and developmental responses to increased temperature have been described that allow plants to mitigate this. In this review, we assess various growth, development, and yield-related responses of crops to extreme and moderate high temperature, focusing on knowledge gained from both monocot (e.g. wheat, barley, maize, rice) and dicot crops (e.g. soybean and tomato) and incorporating information from model plants (e.g. Arabidopsis and Brachypodium). This revealed common and different responses between dicot and monocot crops, and defined different temperature thresholds depending on the species, growth stage and organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cassio Flavio Fonseca De Lima
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Rutley N, Poidevin L, Doniger T, Tillett RL, Rath A, Forment J, Luria G, Schlauch KA, Ferrando A, Harper JF, Miller G. Characterization of novel pollen-expressed transcripts reveals their potential roles in pollen heat stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:61-78. [PMID: 33459869 PMCID: PMC7902599 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-020-00400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis pollen transcriptome analysis revealed new intergenic transcripts of unknown function, many of which are long non-coding RNAs, that may function in pollen-specific processes, including the heat stress response. The male gametophyte is the most heat sensitive of all plant tissues. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important components of cellular regulatory networks involved in most biological processes, including response to stress. While examining RNAseq datasets of developing and germinating Arabidopsis thaliana pollen exposed to heat stress (HS), we identified 66 novel and 246 recently annotated intergenic expressed loci (XLOCs) of unknown function, with the majority encoding lncRNAs. Comparison with HS in cauline leaves and other RNAseq experiments indicated that 74% of the 312 XLOCs are pollen-specific, and at least 42% are HS-responsive. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 96% of the genes evolved recently in Brassicaceae. We found that 50 genes are putative targets of microRNAs and that 30% of the XLOCs contain small open reading frames (ORFs) with homology to protein sequences. Finally, RNAseq of ribosome-protected RNA fragments together with predictions of periodic footprint of the ribosome P-sites indicated that 23 of these ORFs are likely to be translated. Our findings indicate that many of the 312 unknown genes might be functional and play a significant role in pollen biology, including the HS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rutley
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Laetitia Poidevin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient́́if́icas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tirza Doniger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Richard L Tillett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Nevada INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Abhishek Rath
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Javier Forment
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient́́if́icas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gilad Luria
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Karen A Schlauch
- Institute of Health Innovation, Desert Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient́́if́icas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jeffery F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Gad Miller
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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29
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Kumar RR, Dubey K, Arora K, Dalal M, Rai GK, Mishra D, Chaturvedi KK, Rai A, Kumar SN, Singh B, Chinnusamy V, Praveen S. Characterizing the putative mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK) and their protective role in oxidative stress tolerance and carbon assimilation in wheat under terminal heat stress. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 29:e00597. [PMID: 33659194 PMCID: PMC7890154 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wheat, being sensitive to terminal heat, causes drastic reduction in grain quality and yield. MAPK cascade regulates the network of defense mechanism operated inside plant system. Here, we have identified 21 novel MAPKs through gel-based proteomics and RNA-seq data analysis. Based on digital gene expression, two transcripts (transcript_2834 and transcript_8242) showing homology with MAPK were cloned and characterized from wheat (acc. nos. MK854806 and KT835664). Transcript_2834 was cloned in pET28a vector and recombinant MAPK protein of ∼40.3 kDa was isolated and characterized to have very high in-vitro kinase activity under HS. Native MAPK showed positive correlation with the expression of TFs, HSPs, genes linked with antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GPX), photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis pathways in wheat under HS. Wheat cv. HD3086 (thermotolerant) having higher expression and activity of MAPK under HS showed significant increase in accumulation of proline, H2O2, starch, and granule integrity, compared with BT-Schomburgk (thermosusceptible).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kavita Dubey
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kirti Arora
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Monika Dalal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gyanendra K Rai
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Dwijesh Mishra
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Krishna K Chaturvedi
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Soora Naresh Kumar
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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30
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Rivera HE, Aichelman HE, Fifer JE, Kriefall NG, Wuitchik DM, Wuitchik SJS, Davies SW. A framework for understanding gene expression plasticity and its influence on stress tolerance. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1381-1397. [PMID: 33503298 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity can serve as a stepping stone towards adaptation. Recently, studies have shown that gene expression contributes to emergent stress responses such as thermal tolerance, with tolerant and susceptible populations showing distinct transcriptional profiles. However, given the dynamic nature of gene expression, interpreting transcriptomic results in a way that elucidates the functional connection between gene expression and the observed stress response is challenging. Here, we present a conceptual framework to guide interpretation of gene expression reaction norms in the context of stress tolerance. We consider the evolutionary and adaptive potential of gene expression reaction norms and discuss the influence of sampling timing, transcriptomic resilience, as well as complexities related to life history when interpreting gene expression dynamics and how these patterns relate to host tolerance. We highlight corals as a case study to demonstrate the value of this framework for non-model systems. As species face rapidly changing environmental conditions, modulating gene expression can serve as a mechanistic link from genetic and cellular processes to the physiological responses that allow organisms to thrive under novel conditions. Interpreting how or whether a species can employ gene expression plasticity to ensure short-term survival will be critical for understanding the global impacts of climate change across diverse taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanny E Rivera
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - James E Fifer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Sara J S Wuitchik
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,FAS Informatics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah W Davies
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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