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Antonietta M, Martinez D, Guiamet JJ. Delayed senescence and crop performance under stress: always a functional couple? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4244-4257. [PMID: 38635775 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to abiotic stresses accelerates leaf senescence in most crop plant species, thereby reducing photosynthesis and other assimilatory processes. In some cases, genotypes with delayed leaf senescence (i.e. 'stay-green') show stress resistance, particularly in cases of water deficit, and this has led to the proposal that senescence delay improves crop performance under some abiotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the evidence for increased resistance to abiotic stress, mostly water deficit, in genotypes with delayed senescence, and specifically focus on the physiological mechanisms and agronomic conditions under which the stay-green trait may ameliorate grain yield under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Martinez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-UNLP, Argentina
| | - Juan J Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-UNLP, Argentina
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2
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Kumar R, Brar MS, Kunduru B, Ackerman AJ, Yang Y, Luo F, Saski CA, Bridges WC, de Leon N, McMahan C, Kaeppler SM, Sekhon RS. Genetic architecture of source-sink-regulated senescence in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2459-2479. [PMID: 37595026 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Source and sink interactions play a critical but mechanistically poorly understood role in the regulation of senescence. To disentangle the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying source-sink-regulated senescence (SSRS), we performed a phenotypic, transcriptomic, and systems genetics analysis of senescence induced by the lack of a strong sink in maize (Zea mays). Comparative analysis of genotypes with contrasting SSRS phenotypes revealed that feedback inhibition of photosynthesis, a surge in reactive oxygen species, and the resulting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were the earliest outcomes of weakened sink demand. Multienvironmental evaluation of a biparental population and a diversity panel identified 12 quantitative trait loci and 24 candidate genes, respectively, underlying SSRS. Combining the natural diversity and coexpression networks analyses identified 7 high-confidence candidate genes involved in proteolysis, photosynthesis, stress response, and protein folding. The role of a cathepsin B like protease 4 (ccp4), a candidate gene supported by systems genetic analysis, was validated by analysis of natural alleles in maize and heterologous analyses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Analysis of natural alleles suggested that a 700-bp polymorphic promoter region harboring multiple ABA-responsive elements is responsible for differential transcriptional regulation of ccp4 by ABA and the resulting variation in SSRS phenotype. We propose a model for SSRS wherein feedback inhibition of photosynthesis, ABA signaling, and oxidative stress converge to induce ER stress manifested as programed cell death and senescence. These findings provide a deeper understanding of signals emerging from loss of sink strength and offer opportunities to modify these signals to alter senescence program and enhance crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Manwinder S Brar
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Bharath Kunduru
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Arlyn J Ackerman
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Yuan Yang
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Christopher A Saski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - William C Bridges
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Natalia de Leon
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christopher McMahan
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Shawn M Kaeppler
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rajandeep S Sekhon
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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3
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Wang W, Zhang G, Wang W, Wang Z, Lv Y, Guo F, Di Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang W, Li Y, Hao Q. Wheat cis-zeatin-O-glucosyltransferase cZOGT1 interacts with the Ca2+-dependent lipid binding protein TaZIP to regulate senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6619-6630. [PMID: 37668322 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Premature senescence is an important factor affecting wheat yield and quality. Wheat yield can be increased by delaying senescence and prolonging the effective photosynthetic time. Previously, we found that the cis-zeatin-O-glucosyltransferase (cZOGT1) gene plays an important role in the stay-green wheat phenotype. In this study, cZOGT1-overexpressing lines exhibited a delayed senescence phenotype, despite a significant reduction in the total cytokinin content. Further, we found that cZOGT1 interacted with the Ca2+-dependent lipid binding protein TaZIP (cZOGT1-interacting protein), and that a high level of cZOGT1 expression led to the suppression of TaZIP expression, which in turn, reduced abscisic acid (ABA) content. The synergistic reduction in cytokinins and ABA levels eventually caused the stay-green phenotype in cZOGT1-overexpressing lines. This study provides a new theoretical basis to explain the mechanism underlying the wheat stay-green phenotype and provides a genetic resource for wheat molecular-design breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
- Spring Valley Agriscience Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gaungqiang Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Spring Valley Agriscience Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuelin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Fenxia Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Yindi Di
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Spring Valley Agriscience Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Qunqun Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
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Kane CN, McAdam SAM. Abscisic acid can augment, but is not essential for, autumnal leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3255-3266. [PMID: 36882050 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Senescence vividly marks the onset of the final stages of the life of a leaf, yet the triggers and drivers of this process are still not fully understood. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is an important regulator of leaf senescence in model herbs, but the function of this hormone has not been widely tested in deciduous trees. Here we investigate the importance of ABA as a driver of leaf senescence in winter deciduous trees. In four diverse species we tracked leaf gas exchange, water potential, chlorophyll content, and leaf ABA levels from the end of summer until leaves were abscised or died. We found that no change in ABA levels occurred at the onset of chlorophyll decline or throughout the duration of leaf senescence. To test whether ABA could enhance leaf senescence, we girdled branches to disrupt ABA export in the phloem. Girdling increased leaf ABA levels in two of the species, and this increase triggered an accelerated rate of chlorophyll decline in these species. We conclude that an increase in ABA level may augment leaf senescence in winter deciduous species but that it is not essential for this annual process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade N Kane
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Li G, Wu C, Chen Y, Huang C, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ma M, Ding Z, Yu P, Tang X. Increasing temperature regulates the advance of peak photosynthesis timing in the boreal ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163587. [PMID: 37087004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The shift in vegetation phenology is an essential indicator of global climate change. Numerous researches based on reflectance-based vegetation index data have explored the changes in the start (SOS) and end (EOS) of vegetation life events at long time scales, while a huge discrepancy existed between the phenological metrics of vegetation structure and function. The peak photosynthesis timing (PPT), which is crucial in regulating terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance, has not received much attention. Using two global reconstructed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence data (CSIF and GOSIF) directly associated with vegetation photosynthesis, the spatio-temporal dynamics in PPT as well as the key environmental controls across the boreal ecosystem during 2001-2019 were systematically explored. Multi-year mean pattern showed that PPT mainly appeared in the first half of July. Compared to the northern Eurasia, later PPT appeared in the northern North America continent for about 4-5 days. Meanwhile, spatial trend in PPT exhibited an advanced trend during the last two decades. Especially, shrubland and grassland were obvious among all biomes. Spatial partial correlation analysis revealed that preseason temperature was the dominant environmental driver of PPT trends, occupying 81.32% and 78.04% of the total pixels of PPTCSIF and PPTGOSIF, respectively. Attribution analysis by ridge regression again emphasized the largest contribution of temperature to PPT dynamics in the boreal ecosystem by 52.22% (PPTCSIF) and 46.59% (PPTGOSIF), followed by radiation (PPTCSIF: 24.44%; PPTGOSIF: 28.66%) and precipitation (PPTCSIF: 23.34%; PPTGOSIF: 24.75%). These results have significant implications for deepening our understanding between vegetation photosynthetic phenology and carbon cycling with respect to future climate change in the boreal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changping Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Satellite Remote Sensing Applications, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingguo Ma
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Ding
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Pujia Yu
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuguang Tang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Worakan P, Gujjar RS, Supaibulwatana K. Stable and reproducible expression of bacterial ipt gene under the control of SAM-specific promoter (pKNOX1) with interference of developmental patterns in transgenic Peperomia pellucida plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984716. [PMID: 36237510 PMCID: PMC9551203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible and stable transgene expression is an important goal in plant basic research and applications. Hence, we report the first stable expression of bacterial transgenes in medicinal plant, Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth. Two key elements relevant to the dynamic expression of the bacterial cytokinin biosynthesis gene, ipt (isopentenyltransferase) were examined. First, by designing a specific expression cassette driven by a tissue-specific promoter for the required levels of gene expression in the particular function of development, and second by using P. pellucida as a model plant due to its short developmental cycle that supported expedient tracking of transgene expression in the progeny. Transgenic frequencies of ipt gene obtained from different expression cassettes of pKNOX1 for tissue-specific promoter in shoot apical meristem were compared with the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV35S) promoter (p35S), a constitutive promoter investigated for T3 generation. It was clearly shown that transgenic plants with pKNOX1 showed percentage of survivals in T3 at about 2.2 folds more than those of p35S-transgenic. Transgenic P. pellucida under controllable expression of pKNOX1 showed increased leaf and seed size with a high percentage of fertile seed, whereas transgenic plants with p35S showed phenotypic features of bushy and small leaves, sterile pollen and lower reproductive fitness. Quantitative examination of ipt-positive gene expression in T3 generation of transformants with pKNOX1 were 100% (line k-14) and 50% (line k-20), while 33.3% was observed in transgenic line c-11 with p35S. Interestingly, the endogenous cytokinin biosynthesis gene (ipt3) was significantly upregulated (2-3 folds higher) in pKNOX1-transformants. The overall relative mRNA expression of bacterial ipt gene and overproducing of cytokinin contents (t-ZR and 2-iP) detected in p35S-transformants caused abnormality and low percentages of transgene reproducible Interestingly, pKNOX1-transgenic plants tended to maintain chlorophyll contents 4-5 folds and extending the developmental cycle to 12.4 weeks (wk), which was 2 folds more than wildtype (5.8 wk) and p35S-transformants (7.4 wk). The promotor effect on stable and reproducible transgene-expressions demonstrated prominent features of P. pellucida and also empowered further omics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phapawee Worakan
- Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ranjit Singh Gujjar
- Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
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7
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Li Z, Chen Q, Gao F, Meng Q, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Zhang M, Liu Z. Controlled-release urea combined with fulvic acid enhanced carbon/nitrogen metabolic processes and maize growth. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3644-3654. [PMID: 34888887 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled-release urea (CRU) or fulvic acid (FA), when applied, have been shown to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) or to stimulate plant growth, yet their interactive effects are not well explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic mechanisms of CRU combined with FA (CRU + FA) on maize (Zea mays L.) growth. Through the experimental design with five treatments, the N metabolism through the transcriptomic analysis of maize leaf, endogenous hormones, photosynthesis enzymes in maize leaf and root, and maize yield and NUE were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with CRU treatment, CRU + FA treatment significantly increased auxin, nitrate reductase, and glutamate dehydrogenase in leaf by 35.4%, 43.9%, 40.8% and 19.5%, respectively, as well as, the relative content of the leaf chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate by 14.8% and 45.6%, respectively, at 12-leaf collar stage; the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) metabolic process was significantly enriched in CRU + FA treatment by 312 and 418 genes, according to transcriptome profiles of C/N metabolic in leaves from various fertilizer treated maize; maize yield and NUE of CRU + FA treatment were increased by 6.3% and 38.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that CRU + FA is a viable fertilization scheme that can enhance maize growth, yield and NUE through their synergies in improving N uptake, promoting photosynthesis, increasing C/N metabolic processes, and enhancing enzyme activities. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qingmin Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Taian, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shandong Wanhao Fertilizer Co. Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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8
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Guo C, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wen L, Liu C, Deng Z, Chu Y, Liu T, Guo Y. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE6 Peptide Functions as a Positive Modulator of Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909378. [PMID: 35845701 PMCID: PMC9280484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly coordinated process and has a significant impact on agriculture. Plant peptides are known to act as important cell-to-cell communication signals that are involved in multiple biological processes such as development and stress responses. However, very limited number of peptides has been reported to be associated with leaf senescence. Here, we report the characterization of the INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE6 (IDL6) peptide as a regulator of leaf senescence. The expression of IDL6 was up-regulated in senescing leaves. Exogenous application of synthetic IDL6 peptides accelerated the process of leaf senescence. The idl6 mutant plants showed delayed natural leaf senescence as well as senescence included by darkness, indicating a regulatory role of IDL6 peptides in leaf senescence. The role of IDL6 as a positive regulator of leaf senescence was further supported by the results of overexpression analysis and complementation test. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of phytohormone-responsive genes in idl6 mutant plants. Further analysis indicated that altered expression of IDL6 led to changes in leaf senescence phenotypes induced by ABA and ethylene treatments. The results from this study suggest that the IDL6 peptide positively regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Guo
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zenglin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Wen
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- QuJing Tobacco Company, Qujing, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Chu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tobacco Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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9
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Lee JH, Park YJ, Kim JY, Park CM. Phytochrome B Conveys Low Ambient Temperature Cues to the Ethylene-Mediated Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:326-339. [PMID: 34950951 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an active developmental process that is tightly regulated through extensive transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming events, which underlie controlled degradation and relocation of nutrients from aged or metabolically inactive leaves to young organs. The onset of leaf senescence is coordinately modulated by intrinsic aging programs and environmental conditions, such as prolonged darkness and temperature extremes. Seedlings growing under light deprivation, as often experienced in severe shading or night darkening, exhibit an accelerated senescing process, which is mediated by a complex signaling network that includes sugar starvation responses and light signaling events via the phytochrome B (phyB)-PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) signaling routes. Notably, recent studies indicate that nonstressful ambient temperatures profoundly influence the onset and progression of leaf senescence in darkness, presumably mediated by the phyB-PIF4 signaling pathways. However, it is not fully understood how temperature signals regulate leaf senescence at the molecular level. Here, we demonstrated that low ambient temperatures repress the nuclear export of phyB and the nuclear phyB suppresses the transcriptional activation activity of ethylene signaling mediator ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), thus delaying leaf senescence. Accordingly, leaf senescence was insensitive to low ambient temperatures in transgenic plants overexpressing a constitutively nuclear phyB form, as observed in ein3 eil1 mutants. In contrast, leaf senescence was significantly promoted in phyB-deficient mutants under identical temperature conditions. Our data indicate that phyB coordinately integrates light and temperature cues into the EIN3-mediated ethylene signaling pathway that regulates leaf senescence under light deprivation, which would enhance plant fitness under fluctuating natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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10
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Antonietta M, Maydup ML, Cano MG, Fanello DD, Acciaresi HA, Guiamet JJ. Yield determinants, root distribution and soil water uptake in maize (Zea mays) hybrids differing in canopy senescence under post-silking drought. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:1124-1138. [PMID: 34587473 DOI: 10.1071/fp21138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delayed canopy senescence or 'stay-green' (SG) trait in maize (Zea mays L.) could improve drought tolerance. Two field trials comparing four to six maize hybrids with different senescence rate were carried out at Buenos Aires, Argentina, varying water availability during the reproductive period. Green leaf area at maturity was related to kernel weight (r2=0.94***) but its relationship with yield was weaker (r2=0.51-53*) and post-silking dry matter remobilisation was negatively related with the SG trait (r2=0.84**). Two additional experiments were carried out in 63 L pots by withholding irrigation in half of the pots after silking. The SG hybrid achieved lower root biomass at silking, a shallower root distribution and larger root growth in the post-silking period. Under drought conditions, stomatal conductance was lower in the SG hybrid but photosynthetic electron transport rate was higher. Higher post-silking dry matter assimilation in the SG hybrid was compensated for by higher dry matter remobilisation in the non-SG. Higher kernel number per plant in the non-SG hybrid with no ability to compensate for by higher kernel weight in the SG, resulted in slightly higher yields in the non-SG under drought. A water conservation strategy associated with a shallower root system could be linked to the SG trait, promoting faster water depletion at upper soil levels and reduced stomatal conductance at the leaf level but with no conclusive yield advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antonietta
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, cc 327, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Maydup
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, cc 327, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M G Cano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, cc 327, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D D Fanello
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, cc 327, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H A Acciaresi
- Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 31, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Present address: EEA Pergamino, INTA, Av. Frondizi (Ruta 32) Km 4.5, 2700 Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J J Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, cc 327, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Lu S, Chai L, Ye J, Deng X. Citrus transcription factor CsHB5 regulates abscisic acid biosynthetic genes and promotes senescence. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:151-168. [PMID: 34414618 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a gradual physiological process involving the integration of numerous internal and environmental signals. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-known inducer of senescence. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated senescence remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the citrus homeodomain leucine zipper I (HD-ZIP I) transcription factor CsHB5 functions as a regulator of ABA-triggered senescence. CsHB5 acts as a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, the expression of which appeared to be closely associated with citrus senescence. Overexpression of CsHB5 in citrus calli upregulated the expression of ABA- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes, and significantly increased the content of ABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), whereas silencing CsHB5 in citrus calli downregulated the expression of ABA-related genes. Additionally, heterogenous overexpression of CsHB5 in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leads to early leaf yellowing under dark-induced senescence conditions. Meanwhile, the levels of ABA and H2 O2 in transgenic tomatoes increased significantly and the lycopene content decreased. Transcriptome analysis of CsHB5-overexpressing citrus calli and tomato showed that CsHB5 was involved in multiple senescence-associated processes, including chlorophyll degradation, nutrient compound biosynthesis and transport, as well as ABA and ROS signal transduction. The results of yeast one-hybrid assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual luciferase assays indicated that CsHB5 directly binds to the promoters of ABA biosynthetic genes, including β-carotene hydroxylase 1 (BCH1) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2), thereby activating their transcription. Our findings revealed that CsHB5 participates in senescence, at least partly, by directly controlling ABA accumulation. Our work provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Lee BR, Zaman R, La VH, Bae DW, Kim TH. Ethephon-Induced Ethylene Enhances Starch Degradation and Sucrose Transport with an Interactive Abscisic Acid-Mediated Manner in Mature Leaves of Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1670. [PMID: 34451716 PMCID: PMC8400741 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The leaf senescence process is characterized by the degradation of macromolecules in mature leaves and the remobilization of degradation products via phloem transport. The phytohormone ethylene mediates leaf senescence. This study aimed to investigate the ethephon-induced ethylene effects on starch degradation and sucrose remobilization through their interactive regulation with other hormones. Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) was used as an ethylene-generating agent. Endogenous hormonal status, carbohydrate compounds, starch degradation-related gene expression, sucrose transporter gene expression, and phloem sucrose loading were compared between the ethephon-treated plants and controls. Foliar ethephon spray enhanced the endogenous ethylene concentration and accelerated leaf senescence, as evidenced by reduced chlorophyll content and enhanced expression of the senescence-related gene SAG12. Ethephon-enhanced ethylene prominently enhanced the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level. accompanied with upregulation of ABA synthesis gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED3), ABA receptor gene pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1), and ABA signaling genes sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), ABA-responsive element binding 2 (AREB2), and basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (MYC2).) Ethephon treatment decreased starch content by enhancing expression of the starch degradation-related genes α-amylase 3 (AMY3) and β-amylase 1 (BAM1), resulting in an increase in sucrose content in phloem exudates with enhanced expression of sucrose transporters, SUT1, SUT4, and SWEET11. These results suggest that a synergistic interaction between ethylene and ABA might account for sucrose accumulation, mainly due to starch degradation in mature leaves and sucrose phloem loading in the ethephon-induced senescent leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
- Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Rashed Zaman
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Van Hien La
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyet Thang, Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
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13
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Melo BP, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Fraga OT, Pinheiro LB, de Jesus Lins CB, Morgante CV, Engler JA, Reis PAB, Grossi-de-Sá MF, Fontes EPB. Contrasting roles of GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 in natural senescence, plant development, multiple stresses and cell death responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11178. [PMID: 34045652 PMCID: PMC8160357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
NACs are plant-specific transcription factors involved in controlling plant development, stress responses, and senescence. As senescence-associated genes (SAGs), NACs integrate age- and stress-dependent pathways that converge to programmed cell death (PCD). In Arabidopsis, NAC-SAGs belong to well-characterized regulatory networks, poorly understood in soybean. Here, we interrogated the soybean genome and provided a comprehensive analysis of senescence-associated Glycine max (Gm) NACs. To functionally examine GmNAC-SAGs, we selected GmNAC065, a putative ortholog of Arabidopsis ANAC083/VNI2 SAG, and the cell death-promoting GmNAC085, an ANAC072 SAG putative ortholog, for analyses. Expression analysis of GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 in soybean demonstrated (i) these cell death-promoting GmNACs display contrasting expression changes during age- and stress-induced senescence; (ii) they are co-expressed with functionally different gene sets involved in stress and PCD, and (iii) are differentially induced by PCD inducers. Furthermore, we demonstrated GmNAC065 expression delays senescence in Arabidopsis, a phenotype associated with enhanced oxidative performance under multiple stresses, higher chlorophyll, carotenoid and sugar contents, and lower stress-induced PCD compared to wild-type. In contrast, GmNAC085 accelerated stress-induced senescence, causing enhanced chlorophyll loss, ROS accumulation and cell death, decreased antioxidative system expression and activity. Accordingly, GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 targeted functionally contrasting sets of downstream AtSAGs, further indicating that GmNAC85 and GmNAC065 regulators function inversely in developmental and environmental PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paes Melo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil.
- Pole Sophia Agrobiotech, Institute Nacional de la Recherche Agronomique, INRAE, Sophia Antipolis, France.
- National Institute in Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, NCTIPP, Bioagro, Viçosa, Brazil.
| | - Isabela Tristan Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
- Pole Sophia Agrobiotech, Institute Nacional de la Recherche Agronomique, INRAE, Sophia Antipolis, France
- National Institute in Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress-Biotech, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Otto Teixeira Fraga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, NCTIPP, Bioagro, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Luanna Bezerra Pinheiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress-Biotech, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Camila Barrozo de Jesus Lins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress-Biotech, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carolina Vianna Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress-Biotech, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Janice Almeida Engler
- Pole Sophia Agrobiotech, Institute Nacional de la Recherche Agronomique, INRAE, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pedro Augusto Braga Reis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, NCTIPP, Bioagro, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima Grossi-de-Sá
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology, INCT Plant Stress-Biotech, CENARGEN, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Pacheco Batista Fontes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
- National Institute in Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, NCTIPP, Bioagro, Viçosa, Brazil.
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Su Y, Huang Y, Dong X, Wang R, Tang M, Cai J, Chen J, Zhang X, Nie G. Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Improves Heat Tolerance of Perennial Ryegrass Through Alteration of Osmotic Adjustment, Antioxidant Defense, and Expression of Jasmonic Acid-Responsive Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664519. [PMID: 34025701 PMCID: PMC8137847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important cool-season grass species that is widely cultivated in temperate regions worldwide but usually sensitive to heat stress. Jasmonates (JAs) may have a positive effect on plant tolerance under heat stress. In this study, results showed that exogenous methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) could significantly improve heat tolerance of perennial ryegrass through alteration of osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense, and the expression of JA-responsive genes. MeJA-induced heat tolerance was involved in the maintenance of better relative water content (RWC), the decline of chlorophyll (Chl) loss for photosynthetic maintenance, as well as maintained lower electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content under heat condition, so as to avoid further damage to plants. Besides, results also indicated that exogenous MeJA treatment could increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), thus enhancing the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species, alleviating the oxidative damage caused by heat stress. Heat stress and exogenous MeJA upregulated transcript levels of related genes (LpLOX2, LpAOC, LpOPR3, and LpJMT) in JA biosynthetic pathway, which also could enhance the accumulation of JA and MeJA content. Furthermore, some NAC transcription factors and heat shock proteins may play a positive role in enhancing resistance of perennial ryegrass with heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Forage Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Forage Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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15
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An JP, Zhang XW, Liu YJ, Zhang JC, Wang XF, You CX, Hao YJ. MdABI5 works with its interaction partners to regulate abscisic acid-mediated leaf senescence in apple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1566-1581. [PMID: 33314379 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) induces chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence; however, the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood, especially in woody plants. In this study, we found that MdABI5 plays an essential role in the regulation of ABA-triggered leaf senescence in Malus domestica (apple). Through yeast screening, three transcription factors, MdBBX22, MdWRKY40 and MdbZIP44, were found to interact directly with MdABI5 in vitro and in vivo. Physiological and biochemical assays showed that MdBBX22 delayed leaf senescence in two pathways. First, MdBBX22 interacted with MdABI5 to inhibit the transcriptional activity of MdABI5 on the chlorophyll catabolic genes MdNYE1 and MdNYC1, thus negatively regulating chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. Second, MdBBX22 interacted with MdHY5 to interfere with the transcriptional activation of MdHY5 on MdABI5, thereby inhibiting the expression of MdABI5, which also contributed to the delay of leaf senescence. MdWRKY40 and MdbZIP44 were identified as positive regulators of leaf senescence. They accelerated MdABI5-promoted leaf senescence through the same regulatory pathways, i.e., interacting with MdABI5 to enhance the transcriptional activity of MdABI5 on MdNYE1 and MdNYC1. Taken together, our results suggest that MdABI5 works with its positive or negative interaction partners to regulate ABA-mediated leaf senescence in apple, in which it acts as a core regulator. The antagonistic regulation pathways ensure that plants respond to external stresses flexibly and efficiently. Our results provide a concept for further study on the regulation mechanisms of leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jiu-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
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16
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Serrano-Bueno G, Sánchez de Medina Hernández V, Valverde F. Photoperiodic Signaling and Senescence, an Ancient Solution to a Modern Problem? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:634393. [PMID: 33777070 PMCID: PMC7988197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The length of the day (photoperiod) is a robust seasonal signal originated by earth orbital and translational movements, a resilient external cue to the global climate change, and a predictable hint to initiate or complete different developmental programs. In eukaryotic algae, the gene expression network that controls the cellular response to photoperiod also regulates other basic physiological functions such as starch synthesis or redox homeostasis. Land plants, evolving in a novel and demanding environment, imbued these external signals within the regulatory networks controlling organogenesis and developmental programs. Unlike algae that largely have to deal with cellular physical cues, within the course of evolution land plants had to transfer this external information from the receiving organs to the target tissues, and mobile signals such as hormones were recruited and incorporated in the regulomes. Control of senescence by photoperiod, as suggested in this perspective, would be an accurate way to feed seasonal information into a newly developed function (senescence) using an ancient route (photoperiodic signaling). This way, the plant would assure that two coordinated aspects of development such as flowering and organ senescence were sequentially controlled. As in the case of senescence, there is growing evidence to support the idea that harnessing the reliability of photoperiod regulation over other, more labile signaling pathways could be used as a robust breeding tool to enhance plants against the harmful effects of climate change.
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Lv X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Fan S, Kong L. Source-sink modifications affect leaf senescence and grain mass in wheat as revealed by proteomic analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:257. [PMID: 32503423 PMCID: PMC7275590 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The grain yield of cereals is determined by the synergistic interaction between source activity and sink capacity. However, source-sink interactions are far from being fully understood. Therefore, a field experiment was performed in wheat to investigate the responses of flag leaves and grains to sink/source manipulations. RESULTS Half-degraining delayed but partial defoliation enhanced leaf senescence. Sink/source manipulations influenced the content of reactive oxygen species in the flag leaf and the concentration of phytohormones, including cytokinins, indoleacetic 3-acid and jasmonic acid, in the flag leaves (LDef) and grains (GDef) in defoliated plants and flag leaves (LDG) and grain (GDG) in de-grained plants. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis indicated that at 16 days after manipulation, a total of 97 and 59 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from various functional categories were observed in the LDG and LDef groups, respectively, compared with the control, and 115 and 121 DEPs were observed in the GDG and GDef groups, respectively. The gene ontology annotation terms of the DEPs mainly included carbon fixation, hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, chloroplast and cytoplasm, oxidoreductase activity and glutamate synthase activity in the flag leaves of manipulated plants and organonitrogen compound metabolic process, cytoplasm, vacuolar membrane, CoA carboxylase activity, starch synthase activity and nutrient reservoir activity in the grains of manipulated plants. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that photosynthesis, carbon, nitrogen and pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were the processes most affected by sink/source manipulations. Sink/source manipulations affected the activities of amylase and proteinases and, ultimately, changed the mass per grain. CONCLUSIONS Manipulations to change the sink/source ratio affect hormone levels; hydrolytic enzyme activities; metabolism of carbon, nitrogen and other main compounds; stress resistance; and leaf senescence and thus influence grain mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Lv
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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18
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Mutation of ONAC096 Enhances Grain Yield by Increasing Panicle Number and Delaying Leaf Senescence during Grain Filling in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205241. [PMID: 31652646 PMCID: PMC6829889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring genetic methods to improve yield in grain crops such as rice (Oryza sativa) is essential to help meet the needs of the increasing population. Here, we report that rice ONAC096 affects grain yield by regulating leaf senescence and panicle number. ONAC096 expression increased rapidly in rice leaves upon the initiation of aging- and dark-induced senescence. Two independent T-DNA insertion mutants (onac096-1 and onac096-2) with downregulated ONAC096 expression retained their green leaf color during natural senescence in the field, thus extending their photosynthetic capacity. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis showed that ONAC096 upregulated genes controlling chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. Repressed OsCKX2 (encoding cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) expression in the onac096 mutants led to a 15% increase in panicle number without affecting grain weight or fertility. ONAC096 mediates abscisic acid (ABA)-induced leaf senescence by upregulating the ABA signaling genes ABA INSENSITIVE5 and ENHANCED EM LEVEL. The onac096 mutants showed a 16% increase in grain yield, highlighting the potential for using this gene to increase grain production.
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19
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Ge Y, Lai Q, Luo P, Liu X, Chen W. Transcriptome profiling of Gerbera hybrida reveals that stem bending is caused by water stress and regulation of abscisic acid. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:600. [PMID: 31331262 PMCID: PMC6647082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gerbera hybrida is one of the most popular cut flowers in the world; however, stem bending, which always happens when gerbera flower harvested from the field, greatly limits its vase life. To date the molecular mechanisms underlying stem bending remain poorly understood. Results In this study, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of gerbera during stem bending using the Illumina sequencing technology. Three cDNA libraries constructed from mRNAs of gerbera stem at stem bending stage 0, 2 and 4 were sequenced. More than 300 million high-quality reads were generated and assembled into 96,492 unigenes. Among them, 34,166 unigenes were functionally annotated based on similarity search with known protein. Sequences derived from plants at different stem bending stages were mapped to the assembled transcriptome, and 9,406 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, specific pathways were identified during the stem bending process, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, phenylalanine metabolism pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. A total of 211 transcription factors (TFs), including TF families involved in plant senescence, such as NAC, MYB, WRKY, and AP2/ERF members, as well as TFs related to water stress tolerance, were shown to be regulated during stem bending. Gene Onotology (GO) functional enrichment analysis indicated that key genes involved in responses to osmotic and oxidative stresses were also varied in expression during this process. Furthermore, analysis of DEGs involved in the hormone signaling pathways and determination of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content showed that stem bending may be an ethylene-independent process, but regulated by ABA. In short, our findings suggested that the stem bending of cut gerbera may be caused by the involvement of water stress and regulation of ABA during the postharvest life. Conclusions The transcriptome sequences provide a valuable resource in revealing the molecular mechanism underlying stem bending of cut flower and offer novel genes that can be used to guide future studies for ornamental plant breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5961-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ge
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an, China
| | - Qixian Lai
- The Key Laboratory of Creative Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rural Development Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Luo
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an, China.
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20
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Zhu Z, Li G, Yan C, Liu L, Zhang Q, Han Z, Li B. DRL1, Encoding A NAC Transcription Factor, Is Involved in Leaf Senescence in Grapevine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112678. [PMID: 31151316 PMCID: PMC6600502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAC (for NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2) proteins family are plant-specific transcription factors, which play important roles in leaf development and response to environmental stresses. In this study, an NAC gene, DRL1, isolated from grapevine Vitis vinifera L. "Yatomi Rose", was shown to be involved in leaf senescence. The quantity of DRL1 transcripts decreased with advancing leaf senescence in grapevine. Overexpressing the DRL1 gene in tobacco plants significantly delayed leaf senescence with respect to chlorophyll concentration, potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and ion leakage. Moreover, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) markedly reduced the expression of DRL1, and the ABA and salicylic acid (SA) concentration was lower in the DRL1-overexpressing transgenic plants than in the wild-type plants. The DRL1 transgenic plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to ABA-induced senescence but no significant change in the sensitivity to jasmonic acid-, SA- or ethylene-induced senescence. Transcriptomic analysis and RNA expression studies also indicated that the transcript abundance of genes associated with ABA biosynthesis and regulation, including 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED1), NCED5, zeaxanthin epoxidase1 (ZEP1), ABA DEFICIENT2 (ABA2), ABA4, and ABA INSENSITIVE 2 (ABI2), was markedly reduced in the DRL1-overexpressing plants. These results suggested that DRL1 plays a role as a negative regulator of leaf senescence by regulating ABA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguo Zhu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Guirong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Chaohui Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Qingtian Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Zhen Han
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No 66 Longtan Road, Taian 271000, China.
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21
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Wang W, Hao Q, Wang W, Li Q, Chen F, Ni F, Wang Y, Fu D, Wu J, Wang W. The involvement of cytokinin and nitrogen metabolism in delayed flag leaf senescence in a wheat stay-green mutant, tasg1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 278:70-79. [PMID: 30471731 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study on a wheat stay-green mutant, tasg1, we found that its delayed senescence at the late filling stage was related to the high cytokinin (CK) and N contents. RNA sequencing suggested that several genes may be responsible for the different senescence processes between wild-type (WT) and tasg1 plants. WT and tasg1 seedlings were treated with NH4NO3, lovastatin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and the results suggested that the feedback of CK with N content regulated the leaf senescence in the tasg1 plants. Furthermore, a knock-out of the candidate gene cisZOGT1 (catalytic O-glucosylation in cis-zeatin) in the wheat mutant pool 'Kronos' exhibited delayed senescence at the late grain filling stage. Overall, our results suggested the cisZOGT1 gene has an important role in regulating wheat leaf senescence by regulating CK and N metabolism. At the same time, CK and N metabolism involved in delayed flag leaf senescence of tasg1 may be by a feedback pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277000, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Qunqun Hao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qinxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Daolin Fu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Jiajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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22
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Hönig M, Plíhalová L, Husičková A, Nisler J, Doležal K. Role of Cytokinins in Senescence, Antioxidant Defence and Photosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4045. [PMID: 30558142 PMCID: PMC6321018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins modulate a number of important developmental processes, including the last phase of leaf development, known as senescence, which is associated with chlorophyll breakdown, photosynthetic apparatus disintegration and oxidative damage. There is ample evidence that cytokinins can slow down all these senescence-accompanying changes. Here, we review relationships between the various mechanisms of action of these regulatory molecules. We highlight their connection to photosynthesis, the pivotal process that generates assimilates, however may also lead to oxidative damage. Thus, we also focus on cytokinin induction of protective responses against oxidative damage. Activation of antioxidative enzymes in senescing tissues is described as well as changes in the levels of naturally occurring antioxidative compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, in plant explants. The main goal of this review is to show how the biological activities of cytokinins may be related to their chemical structure. New links between molecular aspects of natural cytokinins and their synthetic derivatives with antisenescent properties are described. Structural motifs in cytokinin molecules that may explain why these molecules play such a significant regulatory role are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hönig
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandra Husičková
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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23
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Sehgal A, Sita K, Siddique KHM, Kumar R, Bhogireddy S, Varshney RK, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Prasad PVV, Nayyar H. Drought or/and Heat-Stress Effects on Seed Filling in Food Crops: Impacts on Functional Biochemistry, Seed Yields, and Nutritional Quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1705. [PMID: 30542357 PMCID: PMC6277783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought (water deficits) and heat (high temperatures) stress are the prime abiotic constraints, under the current and climate change scenario in future. Any further increase in the occurrence, and extremity of these stresses, either individually or in combination, would severely reduce the crop productivity and food security, globally. Although, they obstruct productivity at all crop growth stages, the extent of damage at reproductive phase of crop growth, mainly the seed filling phase, is critical and causes considerable yield losses. Drought and heat stress substantially affect the seed yields by reducing seed size and number, eventually affecting the commercial trait '100 seed weight' and seed quality. Seed filling is influenced by various metabolic processes occurring in the leaves, especially production and translocation of photoassimilates, importing precursors for biosynthesis of seed reserves, minerals and other functional constituents. These processes are highly sensitive to drought and heat, due to involvement of array of diverse enzymes and transporters, located in the leaves and seeds. We highlight here the findings in various food crops showing how their seed composition is drastically impacted at various cellular levels due to drought and heat stresses, applied separately, or in combination. The combined stresses are extremely detrimental for seed yield and its quality, and thus need more attention. Understanding the precise target sites regulating seed filling events in leaves and seeds, and how they are affected by abiotic stresses, is imperative to enhance the seed quality. It is vital to know the physiological, biochemical and genetic mechanisms, which govern the various seed filling events under stress environments, to devise strategies to improve stress tolerance. Converging modern advances in physiology, biochemistry and biotechnology, especially the "omics" technologies might provide a strong impetus to research on this aspect. Such application, along with effective agronomic management system would pave the way in developing crop genotypes/varieties with improved productivity under drought and/or heat stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sailaja Bhogireddy
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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24
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Luo Y, Tang Y, Zhang X, Li W, Chang Y, Pang D, Xu X, Li Y, Wang Z. Interactions between cytokinin and nitrogen contribute to grain mass in wheat cultivars by regulating the flag leaf senescence process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Li M, Li B, Guo G, Chen Y, Xie J, Lu P, Wu Q, Zhang D, Zhang H, Yang J, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Mapping a leaf senescence gene els1 by BSR-Seq in common wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Wu L, Wang S, Tian L, Wu L, Li M, Zhang J, Li P, Zhang W, Chen Y. Comparative proteomic analysis of the maize responses to early leaf senescence induced by preventing pollination. J Proteomics 2018; 177:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Hao Q, Wang W, Han X, Wu J, Lyu B, Chen F, Caplan A, Li C, Wu J, Wang W, Xu Q, Fu D. Isochorismate-based salicylic acid biosynthesis confers basal resistance to Fusarium graminearum in barley. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1995-2010. [PMID: 29517854 PMCID: PMC6638154 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in signal transduction and disease resistance. In Arabidopsis, SA can be made by either of two biosynthetic branches, one involving isochorismate synthase (ICS) and the other involving phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). However, the biosynthetic pathway and the importance of SA remain largely unknown in Triticeae. Here, we cloned one ICS and seven PAL genes from barley, and studied their functions by their overexpression and suppression in that plant. Suppression of the ICS gene significantly delayed plant growth, whereas PAL genes, both overexpressed and suppressed, had no significant effect on plant growth. Similarly, suppression of ICS compromised plant resistance to Fusarium graminearum, whereas similar suppression of PAL genes had no significant effect. We then focused on transgenic plants with ICS. In a leaf-based test with F. graminearum, transgenic plants with an up-regulated ICS were comparable with wild-type control plants. By contrast, transgenic plants with a suppressed ICS lost the ability to accumulate SA during pathogen infection and were also more susceptible to Fusarium than the wild-type controls. This suggests that ICS plays a unique role in SA biosynthesis in barley, which, in turn, confers a basal resistance to F. graminearum by modulating the accumulation of H2 O2 , O2- and reactive oxygen-associated enzymatic activities. Although SA mediates systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in dicots, there was no comparable SAR response to F. graminearum in barley. This study expands our knowledge about SA biosynthesis in barley and proves that SA confers basal resistance to fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunqun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowID83844USA
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
| | - Xiuli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- Present address:
College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jingzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
| | - Bo Lyu
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowID83844USA
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
| | - Allan Caplan
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowID83844USA
| | - Caixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
- College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandong271018China
| | - Daolin Fu
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowID83844USA
- Center for Reproductive BiologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA
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28
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Sade N, Del Mar Rubio-Wilhelmi M, Umnajkitikorn K, Blumwald E. Stress-induced senescence and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:845-853. [PMID: 28992323 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is an age-dependent process, ultimately leading to plant death, that in annual crop plants overlaps with the reproductive stage of development. Research on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of leaf senescence has revealed a multi-layered regulatory network operating to control age-dependent processes. Abiotic stress-induced senescence challenges source-sink relationships and results in significant reduction in crop yields. Although processes associated with plant senescence are well studied, the mechanisms regulating stress-induced senescence are not well known. Here, we discuss the effects of abiotic stress on crop productivity, mechanisms associated with stress-induced senescence, and the possible use of these mechanisms for the generation of plant stress tolerance. We emphasize the involvement of source strength and stability of the photosynthetic apparatus in this process, and suggest a possible role of a perennial plant life strategy for the amelioration of stress-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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29
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Kuai B, Chen J, Hörtensteiner S. The biochemistry and molecular biology of chlorophyll breakdown. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:751-767. [PMID: 28992212 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll breakdown is one of the most obvious signs of leaf senescence and fruit ripening. The resulting yellowing of leaves can be observed every autumn, and the color change of fruits indicates their ripening state. During these processes, chlorophyll is broken down in a multistep pathway, now termed the 'PAO/phyllobilin' pathway, acknowledging the core enzymatic breakdown step catalysed by pheophorbide a oxygenase, which determines the basic linear tetrapyrrole structure of the products of breakdown that are now called 'phyllobilins'. This review provides an update on the PAO/phyllobilin pathway, and focuses on recent biochemical and molecular progress in understanding phyllobilin-modifying reactions as the basis for phyllobilin diversity, on the evolutionary diversity of the pathway, and on the transcriptional regulation of the pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Abstract
As a representative form of plant senescence, leaf senescence has received the most attention during the last two decades. In this chapter we summarize the initiation of leaf senescence by various internal and external signals, the progression of senescence including switches in gene expression, as well as changes at the biochemical and cellular levels during leaf senescence. Impacts of leaf senescence in agriculture and genetic approaches that have been used in manipulating leaf senescence of crop plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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31
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Sehgal A, Sita K, Siddique KHM, Kumar R, Bhogireddy S, Varshney RK, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Prasad PVV, Nayyar H. Drought or/and Heat-Stress Effects on Seed Filling in Food Crops: Impacts on Functional Biochemistry, Seed Yields, and Nutritional Quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900010023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drought (water deficits) and heat (high temperatures) stress are the prime abiotic constraints, under the current and climate change scenario in future. Any further increase in the occurrence, and extremity of these stresses, either individually or in combination, would severely reduce the crop productivity and food security, globally. Although, they obstruct productivity at all crop growth stages, the extent of damage at reproductive phase of crop growth, mainly the seed filling phase, is critical and causes considerable yield losses. Drought and heat stress substantially affect the seed yields by reducing seed size and number, eventually affecting the commercial trait '100 seed weight' and seed quality. Seed filling is influenced by various metabolic processes occurring in the leaves, especially production and translocation of photoassimilates, importing precursors for biosynthesis of seed reserves, minerals and other functional constituents. These processes are highly sensitive to drought and heat, due to involvement of array of diverse enzymes and transporters, located in the leaves and seeds. We highlight here the findings in various food crops showing how their seed composition is drastically impacted at various cellular levels due to drought and heat stresses, applied separately, or in combination. The combined stresses are extremely detrimental for seed yield and its quality, and thus need more attention. Understanding the precise target sites regulating seed filling events in leaves and seeds, and how they are affected by abiotic stresses, is imperative to enhance the seed quality. It is vital to know the physiological, biochemical and genetic mechanisms, which govern the various seed filling events under stress environments, to devise strategies to improve stress tolerance. Converging modern advances in physiology, biochemistry and biotechnology, especially the "omics" technologies might provide a strong impetus to research on this aspect. Such application, along with effective agronomic management system would pave the way in developing crop genotypes/varieties with improved productivity under drought and/or heat stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sailaja Bhogireddy
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - P V Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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32
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Liu J, Fan Y, Zou J, Fang Y, Wang L, Wang M, Jiang X, Liu Y, Gao J, Zhang C. A RhABF2/Ferritin module affects rose (Rosa hybrida) petal dehydration tolerance and senescence by modulating iron levels. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:1157-1169. [PMID: 29072877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants often develop the capacity to tolerate moderate and reversible environmental stresses, such as drought, and to re-establish normal development once the stress has been removed. An example of this phenomenon is provided by cut rose (Rosa hybrida) flowers, which experience typical reversible dehydration stresses during post-harvest handling after harvesting at the bud stages. The molecular mechanisms involved in rose flower dehydration tolerance are not known, however. Here, we characterized a dehydration- and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced ferritin gene (RhFer1). Dehydration-induced free ferrous iron (Fe2+ ) is preferentially sequestered by RhFer1 and not transported outside of the petal cells, to restrict oxidative stresses during dehydration. Free Fe2+ accumulation resulted in more serious oxidative stresses and the induction of genes encoding antioxidant enzyme in RhFer1-silenced petals, and poorer dehydration tolerance was observed compared with tobacco rattle virus (TRV) controls. We also determined that RhABF2, an AREB/ABF transcription factor involved in the ABA signaling pathway, can activate RhFer1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. The silencing of RhABF2 decreased dehydration tolerance and disrupted Fe homeostasis in rose petals during dehydration, as did the silencing of RhFer1. Although both RhFer1 and Fe transporter genes are induced during flower natural senescence in plants, the silencing of RhABF2 or RhFer1 accelerates the petal senescence processes. These results suggest that the regulatory module RhABF2/RhFer1 contributes to the maintenance of Fe levels and enhances dehydration tolerance through the action of RhFer1 locally sequestering free Fe2+ under dehydration conditions, and plays synergistic roles with transporter genes during flower senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Youwei Fan
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiqun Fang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linghao Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinqiang Jiang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Collabrative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Proteomic Investigations of Proteases Involved in Cotyledon Senescence: A Model to Explore the Genotypic Variability of Proteolysis Machinery Associated with Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency during the Leaf Senescence of Oilseed Rape. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5040029. [PMID: 29099081 PMCID: PMC5748564 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape is characterized by a low nitrogen remobilization efficiency during leaf senescence, mainly due to a lack of proteolysis. Because cotyledons are subjected to senescence, it was hypothesized that contrasting protease activities between genotypes may be distinguishable early in the senescence of cotyledons. To verify this assumption, our goals were to (i) characterize protease activities in cotyledons between two genotypes with contrasting nitrogen remobilization efficiency (Ténor and Samouraï) under limiting or ample nitrate supply; and (ii) test the role of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in proteolysis regulation. Protease activities were measured and identified by a proteomics approach combining activity-based protein profiling with LC-MS/MS. As in senescing leaves, chlorophyll and protein contents decrease in senescing cotyledons and are correlated with an increase in serine and cysteine protease activities. Two RD21-like and SAG-12 proteases previously associated with an efficient proteolysis in senescing leaves of Ténor are also detected in senescing cotyledons. The infiltration of ABA and SA provokes the induction of senescence and several cysteine and serine protease activities. The study of protease activities during the senescence of cotyledons seems to be a promising experimental model to investigate the regulation and genotypic variability of proteolysis associated with efficient N remobilization.
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Wu L, Li M, Tian L, Wang S, Wu L, Ku L, Zhang J, Song X, Liu H, Chen Y. Global transcriptome analysis of the maize (Zea mays L.) inbred line 08LF during leaf senescence initiated by pollination-prevention. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185838. [PMID: 28973044 PMCID: PMC5626513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In maize (Zea mays), leaf senescence acts as a nutrient recycling process involved in proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids degradation and transport to the developing sink. However, the molecular mechanisms of pre-maturation associated with pollination-prevention remain unclear in maize. To explore global gene expression changes during the onset and progression of senescence in maize, the inbred line 08LF, with severe early senescence caused by pollination prevention, was selected. Phenotypic observation showed that the onset of leaf senescence of 08LF plants occurred approximately 14 days after silking (DAS) by pollination prevention. Transcriptional profiling analysis of the leaf at six developmental stages during induced senescence revealed that a total of 5,432 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 2314 up-regulated genes and 1925 down-regulated genes. Functional annotation showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in multi-organism process and nitrogen compound transport, whereas down-regulated genes were involved in photosynthesis. Expression patterns and pathway enrichment analyses of early-senescence related genes indicated that these DEGs are involved in complex regulatory networks, especially in the jasmonic acid pathway. In addition, transcription factors from several families were detected, particularly the CO-like, NAC, ERF, GRAS, WRKY and ZF-HD families, suggesting that these transcription factors might play important roles in driving leaf senescence in maize as a result of pollination-prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Wu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingna Li
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Tian
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shunxi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuji Wu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- 3Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng Song
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Jiang F, Shen Y, Ma C, Zhang X, Cao W, Rui Y. Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings cultivated under super-elevated and normal CO2 conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178088. [PMID: 28558015 PMCID: PMC5448767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns over the potential risks of nanomaterials to ecosystem have been raised, as it is highly possible that nanomaterials could be released to the environment and result in adverse effects on living organisms. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the main greenhouse gases. The level of CO2 keeps increasing and subsequently causes a series of environmental problems, especially for agricultural crops. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TiO2 NPs on wheat seedlings cultivated under super-elevated CO2 conditions (5000 mg/L CO2) and under normal CO2 conditions (400 mg/L CO2). Compared to the normal CO2 condition, wheat grown under the elevated CO2 condition showed increases of root biomass and large numbers of lateral roots. Under both CO2 cultivation conditions, the abscisic acid (ABA) content in wheat seedlings increased with increasing concentrations of TiO2 NPs. The indolepropioponic acid (IPA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content notably decreased in plants grown under super-elevated CO2 conditions, while the JA content increased with increasing concentrations of TiO2 NPs. Ti accumulation showed a dose-response manner in both wheat shoots and roots as TiO2 NPs concentrations increased. Additionally, the presence of elevated CO2 significantly promoted Ti accumulation and translocation in wheat treated with certain concentrations of TiO2 NPs. This study will be of benefit to the understanding of the joint effects and physiological mechanism of high-CO2 and nanoparticle to terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunze Shen
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture of the P.R. China/ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yukui Rui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu Q, Fu YH, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Liu Z, Huang M, Janssens IA, Piao S. Delayed autumn phenology in the Northern Hemisphere is related to change in both climate and spring phenology. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:3702-3711. [PMID: 27061925 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The timing of the end of the vegetation growing season (EOS) plays a key role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles. Autumn phenology is, however, still poorly understood, and previous studies generally focused on few species or were very limited in scale. In this study, we applied four methods to extract EOS dates from NDVI records between 1982 and 2011 for the Northern Hemisphere, and determined the temporal correlations between EOS and environmental factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation and insolation), as well as the correlation between spring and autumn phenology, using partial correlation analyses. Overall, we observed a trend toward later EOS in ~70% of the pixels in Northern Hemisphere, with a mean rate of 0.18 ± 0.38 days yr-1 . Warming preseason temperature was positively associated with the rate of EOS in most of our study area, except for arid/semi-arid regions, where the precipitation sum played a dominant positive role. Interestingly, increased preseason insolation sum might also lead to a later date of EOS. In addition to the climatic effects on EOS, we found an influence of spring vegetation green-up dates on EOS, albeit biome dependent. Our study, therefore, suggests that both environmental factors and spring phenology should be included in the modeling of EOS to improve the predictions of autumn phenology as well as our understanding of the global carbon and nutrient balances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongshuo H Fu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Zaichun Zhu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongwen Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mengtian Huang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Gao S, Gao J, Zhu X, Song Y, Li Z, Ren G, Zhou X, Kuai B. ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 Promote ABA-Mediated Chlorophyll Degradation and Leaf Senescence by Transcriptional Activation of Chlorophyll Catabolic Genes and Senescence-Associated Genes in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1272-1285. [PMID: 27373216 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation is an integral process of leaf senescence, and NYE1/SGR1 has been demonstrated as a key regulator of Chl catabolism in diverse plant species. In this study, using yeast one-hybrid screening, we identified three abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element (ABRE)-binding transcription factors, ABF2 (AREB1), ABF3, and ABF4 (AREB2), as the putative binding proteins of the NYE1 promoter. Through the transactivation analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 directly bound to and activated the NYE1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. ABA is a positive regulator of leaf senescence, and exogenously applied ABA can accelerate Chl degradation. The triple mutant of the ABFs, abf2abf3abf4, as well as two ABA-insensitive mutants, abi1-1 and snrk2.2/2.3/2.6, exhibited stay-green phenotypes after ABA treatment, along with decreased induction of NYE1 and NYE2 expression. In contrast, overexpression of ABF4 accelerated Chl degradation upon ABA treatment. Interestingly, ABF2/3/4 could also activate the expression of two Chl catabolic enzyme genes, PAO and NYC1, by directly binding to their promoters. In addition, abf2abf3abf4 exhibited a functional stay-green phenotype, and senescence-associated genes (SAGs), such as SAG29 (SWEET15), might be directly regulated by the ABFs. Taken together, our results suggest that ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 likely act as key regulators in mediating ABA-triggered Chl degradation and leaf senescence in general in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhongpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guodong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
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Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 PMCID: PMC4855980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R. Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
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40
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Kong X, Luo Z, Dong H, Eneji AE, Li W. H2O2 and ABA signaling are responsible for the increased Na+ efflux and water uptake in Gossypium hirsutum L. roots in the non-saline side under non-uniform root zone salinity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2247-2261. [PMID: 26862153 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-uniform root salinity increases the Na(+)efflux, water use, and growth of the root in non-saline side, which may be regulated by some form of signaling induced by the high-salinity side. However, the signaling and its specific function have remained unknown. Using a split-root system to simulate a non-uniform root zone salinity in Gossypium hirsutum L., we showed that the up-regulated expression of sodium efflux-related genes (SOS1, SOS2, PMA1, and PMA2) and water uptake-related genes (PIP1 and PIP2) was possibly involved in the elevated Na(+) efflux and water use in the the roots in the non-saline side. The increased level of indole acetic acid (IAA) in the non-saline side was the likely cause of the increased root growth. Also, the abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 contents in roots in the non-saline side increased, possibly due to the increased expression of their key biosynthesis genes, NCED and RBOHC, and the decreased expression of ABA catabolic CYP707A genes. Exogenous ABA added to the non-saline side induced H2O2 generation by up-regulating the RBOHC gene, but this was decreased by exogenous fluridone. Exogenous H2O2 added to the non-saline side reduced the ABA content by down-regulating NCED genes, which can be induced by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) treatment in the non-saline side, suggesting a feedback mechanism between ABA and H2O2.Both exogenous ABA and H2O2 enhanced the expression of SOS1, PIP1;7 ,PIP2;2, and PIP2;10 genes, but these were down-regulated by fluridone and DPI, suggesting that H2O2 and ABA are important signals for increasing root Na(+) efflux and water uptake in the roots in the non-saline side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqiang Kong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Hezhong Dong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - A Egrinya Eneji
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Weijiang Li
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Wang W, Hao Q, Tian F, Li Q, Wang W. The stay-green phenotype of wheat mutant tasg1 is associated with altered cytokinin metabolism. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:585-599. [PMID: 26650838 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By measuring the cytokinin content directly and testing the sensitivity to the cytokinin inhibitor lovastatin, we demonstrated that tasg1 cytokinin metabolism is different from wild-type. Our previous studies have indicated that compared with wild-type (WT) plants, a wheat stay-green mutant tasg1 exhibited delayed senescence. In this study, we found that the root development of tasg1 occurred later than that of WT. The number of lateral roots was fewer, but the lateral root length was longer in tasg1 than in WT, which resulted in a lower root to shoot ratio in tasg1 than WT. The levels of cytokinin (CK), CK activity, and expression of CK metabolic genes were measured. We found that the total CK content in the root tips and leaf of tasg1 was greater than in WT. The accumulation of mRNA of the CK synthetic gene (TaIPT) in tasg1 was higher than in WT at 9 and 11 days during seedling growth, but the expression of CK oxidase gene (TaCKX) was significantly lower in tasg1. Furthermore, the CK inhibitor lovastatin was used to inhibit CK activity. When treated with lovastatin, both the chlorophyll content and thylakoid membrane protein stability were significantly lower in tasg1 than WT, consistent with the inhibited expression of senescence-associated genes (TaSAGs) in tasg1. Lovastatin treatment also inhibited the antioxidative capability of wheat seedlings, and tasg1 was more sensitive to lovastatin than WT, as indicated by the MDA content, protein carbonylation, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The decreased antioxidative capability after lovastatin treatment may be related to the down-regulation of some antioxidase genes. These results suggest that the CK metabolism was altered in tasg1, which may play an important role in its ability to delay senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qunqun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fengxia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, Henan, China
| | - Qinxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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42
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Liu Q, Fu YH, Zeng Z, Huang M, Li X, Piao S. Temperature, precipitation, and insolation effects on autumn vegetation phenology in temperate China. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:644-55. [PMID: 26340580 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Autumn phenology plays a critical role in regulating climate-biosphere interactions. However, the climatic drivers of autumn phenology remain unclear. In this study, we applied four methods to estimate the date of the end of the growing season (EOS) across China's temperate biomes based on a 30-year normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS). We investigated the relationships of EOS with temperature, precipitation sum, and insolation sum over the preseason periods by computing temporal partial correlation coefficients. The results showed that the EOS date was delayed in temperate China by an average rate at 0.12 ± 0.01 days per year over the time period of 1982-2011. EOS of dry grassland in Inner Mongolia was advanced. Temporal trends of EOS determined across the four methods were similar in sign, but different in magnitude. Consistent with previous studies, we observed positive correlations between temperature and EOS. Interestingly, the sum of precipitation and insolation during the preseason was also associated with EOS, but their effects were biome dependent. For the forest biomes, except for evergreen needle-leaf forests, the EOS dates were positively associated with insolation sum over the preseason, whereas for dry grassland, the precipitation over the preseason was more dominant. Our results confirmed the importance of temperature on phenological processes in autumn, and further suggested that both precipitation and insolation should be considered to improve the performance of autumn phenology models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongshuo H Fu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mengtian Huang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiran Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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43
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Song Y, Xiang F, Zhang G, Miao Y, Miao C, Song CP. Abscisic Acid as an Internal Integrator of Multiple Physiological Processes Modulates Leaf Senescence Onset in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:181. [PMID: 26925086 PMCID: PMC4759271 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) promotes leaf abscission and senescence. However, owing to a lack of genetic evidence, ABA function in plant senescence has not been clearly defined. Here, two-leaf early-senescence mutants (eas) that were screened by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and named eas1-1 and eas1-2 showed high photosynthetic capacity in the early stage of plant growth compared with the wild type. Gene mapping showed that eas1-1 and eas1-2 are two novel ABA2 allelic mutants. Under unstressed conditions, the eas1 mutations caused plant dwarf, early germination, larger stomatal apertures, and early leaf senescence compared with those of the wild type. Flow cytometry assays showed that the cell apoptosis rate in eas1 mutant leaves was higher than that of the wild type after day 30. A significant increase in the transcript levels of several senescence-associated genes, especially SAG12, was observed in eas1 mutant plants in the early stage of plant growth. More importantly, ABA-activated calcium channel activity in plasma membrane and induced the increase of cytoplasmic calcium concentration in guard cells are suppressed due to the mutation of EAS1. In contrast, the eas1 mutants lost chlorophyll and ion leakage significant faster than in the wild type under treatment with calcium channel blocker. Hence, our results indicate that endogenous ABA level is an important factor controlling the onset of leaf senescence through Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal UniversityNanyang, China
| | - Fuyou Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Guozeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Chen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-Peng Song
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Podzimska-Sroka D, O'Shea C, Gregersen PL, Skriver K. NAC Transcription Factors in Senescence: From Molecular Structure to Function in Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 4:412-48. [PMID: 27135336 PMCID: PMC4844398 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the last decade, NAC transcription factors have been shown to play essential roles in senescence, which is the focus of this review. Transcriptome analyses associate approximately one third of Arabidopsis NAC genes and many crop NAC genes with senescence, thereby implicating NAC genes as important regulators of the senescence process. The consensus DNA binding site of the NAC domain is used to predict NAC target genes, and protein interaction sites can be predicted for the intrinsically disordered transcription regulatory domains of NAC proteins. The molecular characteristics of these domains determine the interactions in gene regulatory networks. Emerging local NAC-centered gene regulatory networks reveal complex molecular mechanisms of stress- and hormone-regulated senescence and basic physiological steps of the senescence process. For example, through molecular interactions involving the hormone abscisic acid, Arabidopsis NAP promotes chlorophyll degradation, a hallmark of senescence. Furthermore, studies of the functional rice ortholog, OsNAP, suggest that NAC genes can be targeted to obtain specific changes in lifespan control and nutrient remobilization in crop plants. This is also exemplified by the wheat NAM1 genes which promote senescence and increase grain zinc, iron, and protein content. Thus, NAC genes are promising targets for fine-tuning senescence for increased yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Podzimska-Sroka
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse DK-4200, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte O'Shea
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 5 Ole Maaloesvej, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.
| | - Per L Gregersen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse DK-4200, Denmark.
| | - Karen Skriver
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 5 Ole Maaloesvej, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.
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Koeslin-Findeklee F, Becker MA, van der Graaff E, Roitsch T, Horst WJ. Differences between winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in nitrogen starvation-induced leaf senescence are governed by leaf-inherent rather than root-derived signals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3669-81. [PMID: 25944925 PMCID: PMC4473979 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) efficiency of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) line-cultivars (cvs.), defined as high grain yield under N limitation, has been primarily attributed to maintained N uptake during reproductive growth (N uptake efficiency) in combination with delayed senescence of the older leaves accompanied with maintained photosynthetic capacity (functional stay-green). However, it is not clear whether genotypic variation in N starvation-induced leaf senescence is due to leaf-inherent factors and/or governed by root-mediated signals. Therefore, the N-efficient and stay-green cvs. NPZ-1 and Apex were reciprocally grafted with the N-inefficient and early-senescing cvs. NPZ-2 and Capitol, respectively and grown in hydroponics. The senescence status of older leaves after 12 days of N starvation assessed by SPAD, photosynthesis and the expression of the senescence-specific cysteine protease gene SAG12-1 revealed that the stay-green phenotype of the cvs. NPZ-1 and Apex under N starvation was primarily under the control of leaf-inherent factors. The same four cultivars were submitted to N starvation for up to 12 days in a time-course experiment. The specific leaf contents of biologically active and inactive cytokinins (CKs) and the expression of genes involved in CK homeostasis revealed that under N starvation leaves of early-senescing cultivars were characterized by inactivation of biologically active CKs, whereas in stay-green cultivars synthesis, activation, binding of and response to biologically active CKs were favoured. These results suggest that the homeostasis of biologically active CKs was the predominant leaf-inherent factor for cultivar differences in N starvation-induced leaf senescence and thus N efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Koeslin-Findeklee
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin A Becker
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric van der Graaff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark Global Change Research Centre, CzechGlobe AS CR, v.v.i., Drásov 470, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Walter J Horst
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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Phytotoxic Mechanism of Nanoparticles: Destruction of Chloroplasts and Vascular Bundles and Alteration of Nutrient Absorption. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11618. [PMID: 26108166 PMCID: PMC4479828 DOI: 10.1038/srep11618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on determining the phytotoxic mechanism of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs): destroying chloroplasts and vascular bundles and altering absorption of nutrients on conventional and Bt-transgenic cottons. Experiments were designed with three concentrations of CeO2 NPs including: 0, 100 and 500 mg·L(-1), and each treatment was three replications. Results indicate that absorbed CeO2 nanoparticles significantly reduced the Zn, Mg, Fe, and P levels in xylem sap compared with the control group and decreased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in the roots of conventional cotton. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that CeO2 NPs were absorbed into the roots and subsequently transported to the stems and leaves of both conventional and Bt-transgenic cotton plants via xylem sap. In addition, the majority of aggregated CeO2 NPs were attached to the external surface of chloroplasts, which were swollen and ruptured, especially in Bt-transgenic cotton. The vascular bundles were destroyed by CeO2 nanoparticles, and more damage was observed in transgenic cotton than conventional cotton.
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Desclos-Théveniau M, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Etienne P. Proteomic analysis of residual proteins in blades and petioles of fallen leaves of Brassica napus. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:408-418. [PMID: 25294336 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus L. is an important crop plant, characterised by high nitrogen (N) levels in fallen leaves, leading to a significant restitution of this element to the soil, with important consequences at the economic and environmental levels. It is now well established that the N in fallen leaves is due to weak N remobilisation that is especially related to incomplete degradation of foliar proteins during leaf senescence. Identification of residual proteins in a fallen leaf (i.e. incompletely degraded in the last step of the N remobilisation process) constitutes important information for improving nutrient use efficiency. Proteome analysis of the vascular system (petioles) and blades from fallen leaves of Brassica napus was performed, and the 30 most abundant residual proteins in each tissue were identified. Among them, several proteins involved in N recycling remain in the leaf after abscission. Moreover, this study reveals that some residual proteins are associated with energy metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, and more surprisingly, photosynthesis. Finally, comparison of blade and petiole proteomes show that, despite their different physiological roles in the non-senescing leaf, both organs redirect their metabolism in order to ensure catabolic reactions. Taken together, the results suggest that a better degradation of these leaf proteins during the senescence process could enable improvements in the N use efficiency of Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Desclos-Théveniau
- Normandie University, Caen, France; UNICAEN, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Caen, France; INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Caen, France
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Díaz-Mendoza M, Velasco-Arroyo B, González-Melendi P, Martínez M, Díaz I. C1A cysteine protease-cystatin interactions in leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3825-33. [PMID: 24600023 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Senescence-associated proteolysis in plants is a crucial process to relocalize nutrients from leaves to growing or storage tissues. The massive net degradation of proteins involves broad metabolic networks, different subcellular compartments, and several types of proteases and regulators. C1A cysteine proteases, grouped as cathepsin L-, B-, H-, and F-like according to their gene structures and phylogenetic relationships, are the most abundant enzymes responsible for the proteolytic activity during leaf senescence. Besides, cystatins as specific modulators of C1A peptidase activities exert a complex regulatory role in this physiological process. This overview article covers the most recent information on C1A proteases in leaf senescence in different plant species. Particularly, it is focussed on barley, as the unique species where the whole gene family members of C1A cysteine proteases and cystatins have been analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Díaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Díaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (Km 38), 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
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Wang B, Chen Y, Guo B, Kabir MR, Yao Y, Peng H, Xie C, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Ni Z. Expression and functional analysis of genes encoding cytokinin receptor-like histidine kinase in maize (Zea mays L.). Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:501-12. [PMID: 24585212 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinin signaling is vital for plant growth and development which function via the two-component system (TCS). As one of the key component of TCS, transmembrane histidine kinases (HK) are encoded by a small gene family in plants. In this study, we focused on expression and functional analysis of cytokinin receptor-like HK genes (ZmHK) in maize. Firstly, bioinformatics analysis revealed that seven cloned ZmHK genes have different expression patterns during maize development. Secondly, ectopic expression by CaMV35S promoter in Arabidopsis further revealed that functional differentiation exists among these seven members. Among them, the ZmHK1a2-OX transgenic line has the lowest germination rate in the dark, ZmHK1-OX and ZmHK2a2-OX can delay leaf senescence, and seed size of ZmHK1-OX, ZmHK1a2-OX, ZmHK2-OX, ZmHK3b-OX and ZmHK2a2-OX was obviously reduced as compared to wild type. Additionally, ZmHK genes play opposite roles in shoot and root development; all ZmHK-OX transgenic lines display obvious shorter root length and reduced number of lateral roots, but enhanced shoot development compared with the wild type. Most notably, Arabidopsis response regulator ARR5 gene was up-regulated in ZmHK1-OX, ZmHK1a2-OX, ZmHK2-OX, ZmHK3b-OX and ZmHK2a2-OX as compared to wild type. Although the causal link between ZmHK genes and cytokinin signaling pathway is still an area to be further elucidated, these findings reflected that the diversification of ZmHK genes expression patterns and functions occurred in the course of maize evolution, indicating that some ZmHK genes might play different roles during maize development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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An intergenic region shared by At4g35985 and At4g35987 in Arabidopsis thaliana is a tissue specific and stress inducible bidirectional promoter analyzed in transgenic arabidopsis and tobacco plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79622. [PMID: 24260266 PMCID: PMC3834115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
On chromosome 4 in the Arabidopsis genome, two neighboring genes (calmodulin methyl transferase At4g35987 and senescence associated gene At4g35985) are located in a head-to-head divergent orientation sharing a putative bidirectional promoter. This 1258 bp intergenic region contains a number of environmental stress responsive and tissue specific cis-regulatory elements. Transcript analysis of At4g35985 and At4g35987 genes by quantitative real time PCR showed tissue specific and stress inducible expression profiles. We tested the bidirectional promoter-function of the intergenic region shared by the divergent genes At4g35985 and At4g35987 using two reporter genes (GFP and GUS) in both orientations in transient tobacco protoplast and Agro-infiltration assays, as well as in stably transformed transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. In transient assays with GFP and GUS reporter genes the At4g35985 promoter (P85) showed stronger expression (about 3.5 fold) compared to the At4g35987 promoter (P87). The tissue specific as well as stress responsive functional nature of the bidirectional promoter was evaluated in independent transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco lines. Expression of P85 activity was detected in the midrib of leaves, leaf trichomes, apical meristemic regions, throughout the root, lateral roots and flowers. The expression of P87 was observed in leaf-tip, hydathodes, apical meristem, root tips, emerging lateral root tips, root stele region and in floral tissues. The bidirectional promoter in both orientations shows differential up-regulation (2.5 to 3 fold) under salt stress. Use of such regulatory elements of bidirectional promoters showing spatial and stress inducible promoter-functions in heterologous system might be an important tool for plant biotechnology and gene stacking applications.
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