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Liao HS, Lee KT, Chung YH, Chen SZ, Hung YJ, Hsieh MH. Glutamine induces lateral root initiation, stress responses, and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2289-2308. [PMID: 38466723 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The production of glutamine (Gln) from NO3- and NH4+ requires ATP, reducing power, and carbon skeletons. Plants may redirect these resources to other physiological processes using Gln directly. However, feeding Gln as the sole nitrogen (N) source has complex effects on plants. Under optimal concentrations, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings grown on Gln have similar primary root lengths, more lateral roots, smaller leaves, and higher amounts of amino acids and proteins compared to those grown on NH4NO3. While high levels of Gln accumulate in Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln, the expression of GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE1;1 (GLN1;1), GLN1;2, and GLN1;3 encoding cytosolic GS1 increases and expression of GLN2 encoding chloroplastic GS2 decreases. These results suggest that Gln has distinct effects on regulating GLN1 and GLN2 gene expression. Notably, Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln have an unexpected gene expression profile. Compared with NH4NO3, which activates growth-promoting genes, Gln preferentially induces stress- and defense-responsive genes. Consistent with the gene expression data, exogenous treatment with Gln enhances disease resistance in Arabidopsis. The induction of Gln-responsive genes, including PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1, SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1, WRKY54, and WALL ASSOCIATED KINASE1, is compromised in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic and signaling mutants under Gln treatments. Together, these results suggest that Gln may partly interact with the SA pathway to trigger plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kim-Teng Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Soon-Ziet Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Hung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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2
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Inazu M, Nemoto T, Omata Y, Suzuki S, Ono S, Kanno Y, Seo M, Oikawa A, Masuda S. Complete Loss of RelA and SpoT Homologs in Arabidopsis Reveals the Importance of the Plastidial Stringent Response in the Interplay between Chloroplast Metabolism and Plant Defense Response. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:631-643. [PMID: 37925598 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The highly phosphorylated nucleotide, guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), functions as a secondary messenger in bacteria and chloroplasts. The accumulation of ppGpp alters plastidial gene expression and metabolism, which are required for proper photosynthetic regulation and robust plant growth. However, because four plastid-localized ppGpp synthases/hydrolases function redundantly, the impact of the loss of ppGpp-dependent stringent response on plant physiology remains unclear. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lacking all four ppGpp synthases/hydrolases and characterized its phenotype. The mutant showed over 20-fold less ppGpp levels than the wild type under normal growth conditions and exhibited leaf chlorosis and increased expression of defense-related genes as well as salicylic acid and jasmonate levels upon transition to nitrogen-starvation conditions. These results demonstrate that proper levels of ppGpp in plastids are required for controlling not only plastid metabolism but also phytohormone signaling, which is essential for plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Inazu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Takanari Nemoto
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Yuto Omata
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Sae Suzuki
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Sumire Ono
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Gao C, Zhang Z, Yuan Y, Zeng X, Hu W, Yang L, Li F, Yang Z. Uncovering genomic and transcriptional variations facilitates utilization of wild resources in cotton disease resistance improvement. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:204. [PMID: 37668681 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upland cotton wild/landraces represent a valuable resource for disease resistance alleles. Genetic differentiation between genotypes, as well as variation in Verticillium wilt (VW) resistance, has been poorly characterized for upland cotton accessions on the domestication spectrum (from wild/landraces to elite lines). RESULTS To illustrate the effects of modern breeding on VW resistance in upland cotton, 37 wild/landraces were resequenced and phenotyped for VW resistance. Genomic patterns of differentiation were identified between wild/landraces and improved upland cotton, and a significant decline in VW resistance was observed in association with improvement. Four genotypes representing different degrees of improvement were used in a full-length transcriptome analysis to study the genetic basis of VW resistance. ROS signaling was highly conserved at the transcriptional level, likely providing the basis for VW resistance in upland cotton. ASN biosynthesis and HSP90-mediated resistance moderated the response to VW in wild/landraces, and loss of induction activity of these genes resulted in VW susceptibility. The observed genomic differentiation contributed to the loss of induction of some important VW resistance genes such as HSP90.4 and PR16. CONCLUSIONS Besides providing new insights into the evolution of upland cotton VW resistance, this study also identifies important resistance pathways and genes for both fundamental research and cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Chenxu Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaolin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
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Hu L, Yang D, Wang H, Du X, Zhang Y, Niu L, Wan B, Xia M, Qi H, Mou T, You A, Li J. Transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in rice functionally associated with brown planthopper defense in near isogenic lines pyramiding BPH14 and BPH15. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250590. [PMID: 37615020 PMCID: PMC10442831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Although rice has many pests, brown planthopper (BPH) in particular is known to cause substantial damage. The pyramiding application of BPH-resistance genes BPH14 and BPH15 has proven effective in enhancing rice defense against BPH. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BPH14/BPH15-conferred resistance remain unexplained. In this investigation, we analyzed the transcriptomes of near isogenic lines (NILs) containing either BPH14 (B14), BPH15 (B15), or BPH14/BPH15 (B1415), as well as their recurrent parent (RP) 'Wushansimiao'. In total, we detected 14,492 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across 12 mRNA profiles of resistant NILs and RP at different feeding stages. In the transcriptomic analysis, 531 DEGs appeared to be common among the resistant NILs compared to RP before and after BPH feeding. These common DEGs were enriched in defense response, phosphorylation, and salt stress response. In addition, 258 DEGs shared only in resistant NILs were obtained among the different feeding stages, which were enriched in oxidative stress response, karrikin response, and chloroplast organization. Considering the expression patterns and relevant research reports associated with these DEGs, 21 were chosen as BPH resistance candidates. In rice protoplasts, the candidate DEG OsPOX8.1 was confirmed to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by chemiluminescence measurement. Our results provide valuable information to further explore the defense mechanism of insect-resistant gene pyramiding lines and develop robust strategies for insect control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dabing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueshu Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingliang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaxiong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongmin Mou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Chang M, Ma J, Sun Y, Fu M, Liu L, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Song C, Sun J, Wan X. Role of Endophytic Bacteria in the Remobilization of Leaf Nitrogen Mediated by CsEGGT in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5208-5218. [PMID: 36970979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important economic plant, tea (Camellia sinensis) has a good economic value and significant health effects. Theanine is an important nitrogen reservoir, and its synthesis and degradation are considered important for nitrogen storage and remobilization in tea plants. Our previous research indicated that the endophyte CsE7 participates in the synthesis of theanine in tea plants. Here, the tracking test confirmed that CsE7 tended to be exposed to mild light and preferentially colonized mature tea leaves. CsE7 also participated in glutamine, theanine, and glutamic acid circulatory metabolism (Gln-Thea-Glu) and contributed to nitrogen remobilization, mediated by the γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (CsEGGT) with hydrolase preference. The reisolation and inoculation of endophytes further verified their role in accelerating the remobilization of nitrogen, especially in the reuse of theanine and glutamine. This is the first report about the photoregulated endophytic colonization and the positive effect of endophytes on tea plants mediated and characterized by promoting leaf nitrogen remobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
| | - Maoyin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, P. R. China
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Ding S, Lv J, Hu Z, Wang J, Wang P, Yu J, Foyer CH, Shi K. Phytosulfokine peptide optimizes plant growth and defense via glutamine synthetase GS2 phosphorylation in tomato. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111858. [PMID: 36562188 PMCID: PMC10015362 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although PSK has frequently been reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defense in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Using the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen system, we present compelling evidence that the PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which in turn phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (Serine-334 and Serine-360). GS2 phosphorylation at S334 specifically regulates plant defense, whereas S360 regulates growth, uncoupling the PSK-induced effects on defense responses and growth regulation. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defense balance in a compatible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Ding
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianrong Lv
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhangjian Hu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology CityZhejiang UniversitySanyaChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouChina
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology CityZhejiang UniversitySanyaChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouChina
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7
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Park J, Jung H, Mannaa M, Lee SY, Lee HH, Kim N, Han G, Park DS, Lee SW, Lee SW, Seo YS. Genome-guided comparative in planta transcriptome analyses for identifying cross-species common virulence factors in bacterial phytopathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030720. [PMID: 36466249 PMCID: PMC9709210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant bacterial disease is a complex outcome achieved through a combination of virulence factors that are activated during infection. However, the common virulence factors across diverse plant pathogens are largely uncharacterized. Here, we established a pan-genome shared across the following plant pathogens: Burkholderia glumae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. By overlaying in planta transcriptomes onto the pan-genome, we investigated the expression profiles of common genes during infection. We found over 70% of identical patterns for genes commonly expressed by the pathogens in different plant hosts or infection sites. Co-expression patterns revealed the activation of a signal transduction cascade to recognize and respond to external changes within hosts. Using mutagenesis, we uncovered a relationship between bacterial virulence and functions highly conserved and shared in the studied genomes of the bacterial phytopathogens, including flagellar biosynthesis protein, C4-dicarboxylate ABC transporter, 2-methylisocitrate lyase, and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (PCD). In particular, the disruption of PCD gene led to attenuated virulence in all pathogens and significantly affected phytotoxin production in B. glumae. This PCD gene was ubiquitously distributed in most plant pathogens with high homology. In conclusion, our results provide cross-species in planta models for identifying common virulence factors, which can be useful for the protection of crops against diverse pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwook Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeup Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Namgyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gil Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Park
- Paddy Crop Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotech & Crop Biotech Institute, KyungHee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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8
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Lopes-Caitar VS, Nomura RBG, Hishinuma-Silva SM, de Carvalho MCDCG, Abdelnoor RV, Dias WP, Marcelino-Guimarães FC. Time Course RNA-seq Reveals Soybean Responses against Root-Lesion Nematode and Resistance Players. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2983. [PMID: 36365436 PMCID: PMC9655969 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pratylenchus brachyurus causes serious damage to soybean production and other crops worldwide. Plant molecular responses to RLN infection remain largely unknown and no resistance genes have been identified in soybean. In this study, we analyzed molecular responses to RLN infection in moderately resistant BRSGO (Chapadões-BRS) and susceptible TMG115 RR (TMG) Glycine max genotypes. Differential expression analysis revealed two stages of response to RLN infection and a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the first stage suggested a pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in both genotypes. The divergent time-point of DEGs between genotypes was observed four days post-infection, which included the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and plant-pathogen interaction genes in the BRS, suggesting the occurrence of an effector-triggered immunity response (ETI) in BRS. The co-expression analyses combined with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) uncovered a key element, a transcription factor phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF7) that is a potential regulator of moderate resistance to RLN infection. Two genes for resistance-related leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins were found as BRS-specific expressed genes. In addition, alternative splicing analysis revealed an intron retention in a myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) transcript, a gene related to susceptibility, may cause a loss of function in BRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Stefania Lopes-Caitar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86001-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bruno Guayato Nomura
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86001-970, PR, Brazil
- Department Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Suellen Mika Hishinuma-Silva
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86001-970, PR, Brazil
- Department Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Waldir Pereira Dias
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86001-970, PR, Brazil
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9
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Luo B, Li J, Li B, Zhang H, Yu T, Zhang G, Zhang S, Sahito JH, Zhang X, Liu D, Wu L, Gao D, Gao S, Gao S. Mining synergistic genes for nutrient utilization and disease resistance in maize based on co-expression network and consensus QTLs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1013598. [PMID: 36388550 PMCID: PMC9650340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1013598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient restrictions and large-scale emergence of diseases are threatening the maize production. Recent findings demonstrated that there is a certain synergistic interaction between nutrition and diseases pathways in model plants, however there are few studies on the synergistic genes of nutrients and diseases in maize. Thus, the transcriptome data of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients and diseases treatments in maize, rice, wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana were collected in this study, and four and 22 weighted co-expression modules were obtained by using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) in leaf and root tissues, respectively. With a total of 5252 genes, MFUZZ cluster analysis screened 26 clusters with the same expression trend under nutrition and disease treatments. In the meantime, 1427 genes and 22 specific consensus quantitative trait loci (scQTLs) loci were identified by meta-QTL analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition and disease stress in maize. Combined with the results of cluster analysis and scQTLs, a total of 195 consistent genes were screened, of which six genes were shown to synergistically respond to nutrition and disease both in roots and leaves. Moreover, the six candidate genes were found in scQTLs associated with gray leaf spot (GLS) and corn leaf blight (CLB). In addition, subcellular localization and bioinformatics analysis of the six candidate genes revealed that they were primarily expressed in endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nucleus and plasma membrane, and were involved in defense and stress, MeJA and abscisic acid response pathways. The fluorescence quantitative PCR confirmed their responsiveness to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition as well as GLS treatments. Taken together, findings of this study indicated that the nutrition and disease have a significant synergistic response in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Binyang Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guidi Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuhao Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Javed Hussain Sahito
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Duojiang Gao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Chan C. Progress in Salicylic Acid-Dependent Signaling for Growth–Defense Trade-Off. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192985. [PMID: 36230947 PMCID: PMC9563428 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One grand challenge for studying plant biotic and abiotic stress responses is to optimize plant growth and plasticity under variable environmental constraints, which in the long run benefits agricultural production. However, efforts in promoting plant immunity are often accompanied by compromised morphological “syndromes” such as growth retardation, sterility, and reduced yield. Such a trade-off is dictated by complex signaling driven by secondary messengers and phytohormones. Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known phytohormone essential for basal immunity and systemic acquired resistance. Interestingly, recent updates suggest that external environmental cues, nutrient status, developmental stages, primary metabolism, and breeding strategies attribute an additional layer of control over SA-dependent signaling, and, hence, plant performance against pathogens. In this review, these external and internal factors are summarized, focusing on their specific roles on SA biosynthesis and downstream signaling leading to immunity. A few considerations and future opportunities are highlighted to improve plant fitness with minimal growth compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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11
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Yang Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xia H, Zheng S, Xie S, Cao Y, Liu J, Sehar S, Lin Y, Guo Y, Shamsi IH. Nitrogen metabolic rate and differential ammonia volatilization regulate resistance against opportunistic fungus Alternaria alternata in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003534. [PMID: 36212279 PMCID: PMC9538177 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional correlations between plants and pathogens can crucially affect disease severity. As an essential macronutrient, the availability of nitrogen (N) and the types of N content play a fundamental part not only in energy metabolism and protein synthesis but also in pathogenesis. However, a direct connection has not yet been established between differences in the level of resistance and N metabolism. Pertinently, former studies hold ammonia (NH3) accountable for the development of diseases in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and in some post-harvest fruits. With a purpose of pinpointing the function of NH3 volatilization on Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissl pathogenesis and its correlation with both N metabolism and resistance differences to Alternaria alternata infection in tobacco, leaf tissue of two tobacco cultivars with susceptibility (Changbohuang; CBH), or resistance (Jingyehuang; JYH) were analyzed apropos of ammonia compensation point, apoplastic NH4 + concentration, pH value as well as activities of key enzymes and N status. At the leaf age of 40 to 60 d, the susceptible cultivar had a significantly higher foliar apoplastic ammonium (NH4 +) concentration, pH value and NH3 volatilization potential compared to the resistant one accompanied by a significant reduction in glutamine synthetase (GS), which in particular was a primary factor causing the NH3 volatilization. The NH4 + concentration in CBH was 1.44 times higher than that in JYH, and CBH had NH3 compensation points that were 7.09, 6.15 and 4.35-fold higher than those of JYH at 40, 50 and 60 d, respectively. Moreover, the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity had an upward tendency related to an increased NH4 + accumulation in both leaf tissues and apoplast but not with the NH3 compensation point. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that the accumulation of NH3 volatilization, rather than NH4 + and total N, was the primary factor inducing the Alternaria alternata infection in tobacco. Meanwhile, the susceptible cultivar was characterized by a higher N re-transfer ability of NH3 volatilization, in contrast to the disease-resistant cultivar, and had a stronger capability of N assimilation and reutilization. This study provides a deeper understanding of the pathogenicity mechanism induced by Alternaria alternata, which is useful for breeding Alternaria alternata-resistant varieties of tobacco, at the same time, our research is also conducive to control tobacco brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiqian Xia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Zheng
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengdong Xie
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchao Lin
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Sun X, Xie F, Chen Y, Guo Z, Dong L, Qin L, Shi Z, Xiong L, Yuan R, Deng W, Jiang Y. Glutamine synthetase gene PpGS1.1 negatively regulates the powdery mildew resistance in Kentucky bluegrass. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac196. [PMID: 36415534 PMCID: PMC9677456 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen (N) application may induce powdery mildew (PM) in perennial grasses, but the resistance mechanisms to PM remain unclear. This study evaluated the physiological and molecular mechanisms of PM resistance affected by N supplies in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Cultivar 'Bluemoon' (N tolerant) and 'Balin' (N sensitive) were treated with low N (0.5 mM), normal N (15 mM), and high N (30 mM) for 21 d in a greenhouse. With increasing N levels, the disease growth was more severe in 'Balin' than in 'Bluemoon'. RNA-seq and weighted gene coexpression network analysis revealed that the PpGS1.1 gene encoding glutamine synthetase was a potential hub gene for PM resistance after comparisons across cultivars and N treatments. The N metabolism pathway was connected with the plant-pathogen interaction pathway via PpGS1.1. The expression of PpGS1.1 in rice protoplasts indicated that the protein was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression of PpGS1.1 in wild-type Kentucky bluegrass increased carbon and N contents, and the transgenic plants became more susceptible to PM with a lower wax density. The most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for N metabolism were upregulated and DEGs for fatty acid metabolism pathway were downregulated in the overexpression lines. The results elucidated mechanisms of PM resistance in relation to N metabolism in Kentucky bluegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | - Zhixin Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ligang Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenjie Shi
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangbing Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Runli Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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13
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Liu L, Weng Y, Fang J, Zhao Z, Du S. Understanding the effect of GO on nitrogen assimilation in wheat through transcriptomics and metabolic process analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134000. [PMID: 35192852 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of graphene oxide (GO) has resulted in its inevitable entry into the environment. It has been established that GO is detrimental to nitrogen accumulation in plants, as nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient for plant growth. However, its influence on nitrogen assimilation has not yet been investigated comprehensively. Based on the analysis of transcriptomics and nitrogen metabolites, this study showed that 400 mg L-1 GO exposure downregulated most of the genes encoding nitrogen-assimilating enzymes, including nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). The activities of the above enzymes in wheat roots were also reduced with GO addition, and the activities of NR and GS, the rate-limiting enzymes of nitrate and ammonium assimilation, were approximately 75% and 76% lower with 400 mg L-1 GO supply, respectively, compared to those upon control treatment. Correspondingly, GO appears to exert a negative effect on multiple nitrogen assimilation products, including nitrous nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, glutamine, glutamate, and soluble protein. In summary, this study showed that GO has adverse effects on the nitrogen assimilation of plants, and NR and GS are the most affected sites. Our findings would provide deeper insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying GO phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention Technology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yineng Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jin Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention Technology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention Technology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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14
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Dong S, Pang W, Liu Z, Li H, Zhang K, Cong L, Yang G, Wang ZY, Xie H. Transcriptome Analysis of Leaf Senescence Regulation Under Alkaline Stress in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881456. [PMID: 35574123 PMCID: PMC9096890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the leaf is an essential photosynthetic organ, and is the primary harvest in forage crops such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Premature leaf senescence caused by environmental stress can result in significant yield loss and quality reduction. Therefore, the stay-green trait is important for improving the economic value of forage crops. Alkaline stress can severely damage leaf cells and, consequently, cause leaf senescence. To understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms and identify vital senescence-associated genes under alkaline stress, we used high-throughput sequencing to study transcriptional changes in Medicago truncatula, a model plant for forage crops. We identified 2,165 differentially expressed genes, 985 of which were identical to those in the dark-induced leaf senescence group. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that the 985 genes were mainly enriched in nutrient cycling processes such as cellular amino acid metabolic processes and organic substance catabolic processes, indicating nutrient redistribution. The other 1,180 differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the oxidoreductase complex, aerobic respiration, and ion transport. Our analysis showed the two gene sets guiding the coupled physiological and biochemical alterations play different roles under alkaline stress with a coordinated and integrated way. Many transcription factor families were identified from these differentially expressed genes, including MYB, WRKY, bHLH, and NAC which have particular preference involved in stress resistance and regulation of senescence. Our results contribute to the exploration of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence in M. truncatula under alkaline stress and provide new candidate genes for future breeding to improve the biomass and quality of forage crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongli Xie
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Rabuma T, Gupta OP, Yadav M, Chhokar V. Integrative RNA-Seq analysis of Capsicum annuum L. -Phytophthora capsici L. pathosystem reveals molecular cross-talk and activation of host defence response. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:171-188. [PMID: 35221578 PMCID: PMC8847656 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is economically one of the most important spice. But, it's productivity is highly affected by the pathogen, Phytophthora capsici L. Our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the defence response in C. annuum-P. capsici pathosystem is limited. The current study used RNA-seq technology to dissect the genes associated with defence response against P. capsici infection in two contrasting landraces, i.e. GojamMecha_9086 (Resistant) and Dabat_80045 (Susceptible) exposed to P. capsici infection. The transcriptomes from four leaf samples (RC, RI, SC and SI) of chili pepper resulted in a total of 118,879 assembled transcripts along with 52,384 pooled unigenes. The enrichment analysis of the transcripts indicated 23 different KEGG pathways under five main categories. Out of 774 and 484 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of two landraces (under study), respectively, 57 and 29 DEGs were observed as associated with defence responses against P. capsici infection in RC vs. RI and SC vs. SI leaf samples, respectively. qRT-PCR analysis of six randomly selected genes validated the results of Illumina NextSeq500 sequencing. A total of 58 transcription factor families (bHLH most abundant) and 2095 protein families (Protein kinase most abundant) were observed across all the samples with maximum hits in RI and SI samples. Expression analysis revealed differential regulation of genes associated with defence and signalling response with shared coordination of molecular function, cellular component and biological processing. The results presented here would enhance our present understanding of the defence response in chili pepper against P. capsici infection, which the molecular breeders could utilize to develop resistant chili genotypes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01122-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Rabuma
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Om Prakash Gupta
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Manju Yadav
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana India
| | - Vinod Chhokar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana India
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16
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Bengoa Luoni SA, Cenci A, Moschen S, Nicosia S, Radonic LM, Sabio J, Garcia, Langlade NB, Vile D, Rovere CV, Fernandez P. Genome-wide and comparative phylogenetic analysis of senescence-associated NAC transcription factors in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:893. [PMID: 34906091 PMCID: PMC8670195 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf senescence delay impacts positively in grain yield by maintaining the photosynthetic area during the reproductive stage and during grain filling. Therefore a comprehensive understanding of the gene families associated with leaf senescence is essential. NAC transcription factors (TF) form a large plant-specific gene family involved in regulating development, senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The main goal of this work was to identify sunflower NAC TF (HaNAC) and their association with senescence, studying their orthologous to understand possible functional relationships between genes of different species. RESULTS To clarify the orthologous relationships, we used an in-depth comparative study of four divergent taxa, in dicots and monocots, with completely sequenced genomes (Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera, Musa acuminata and Oryza sativa). These orthologous groups provide a curated resource for large scale protein sequence annotation of NAC TF. From the 151 HaNAC genes detected in the latest version of the sunflower genome, 50 genes were associated with senescence traits. These genes showed significant differential expression in two contrasting lines according to an RNAseq assay. An assessment of overexpressing the Arabidopsis line for HaNAC001 (a gene of the same orthologous group of Arabidopsis thaliana ORE1) revealed that this line displayed a significantly higher number of senescent leaves and a pronounced change in development rate. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests HaNAC001 as an interesting candidate to explore the molecular regulation of senescence in sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A Bengoa Luoni
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Sebastian Moschen
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, INTA-Famaillá, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Salvador Nicosia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura M Radonic
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Garcia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Cecilia Vazquez Rovere
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Fernandez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kthiri Z, Jabeur MB, Harbaoui K, Karmous C, Chamekh Z, Chairi F, Serret MD, Araus JL, Hamada W. Comparative Performances of Beneficial Microorganisms on the Induction of Durum Wheat Tolerance to Fusarium Head Blight. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122410. [PMID: 34946012 PMCID: PMC8705052 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat production is seriously threatened by Fusarium head blight (FHB) attacks in Tunisia, and the seed coating by bio-agents is a great alternative for chemical disease control. This study focuses on evaluating, under field conditions, the effect of seed coating with Trichoderma harzianum, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and their combination on (i) FHB severity, durum wheat grain yield and TKW in three crop seasons, and (ii) on physiological parameters and the carbon and nitrogen content and isotope composition in leaves and grains of durum wheat. The results indicated that the treatments were effective in reducing FHB severity by 30 to 70% and increasing grain yield with an increased rate ranging from 25 to 68%, compared to the inoculated control. The impact of treatments on grain yield improvement was associated with higher NDVI and chlorophyll content and lower canopy temperature. Furthermore, the treatments mitigated the FHB adverse effects on N and C metabolism by resulting in a higher δ13Cgrain (13C/12Cgrain) and δ15Ngrain (15N/14Ngrain). Overall, the combination outperformed the other seed treatments by producing the highest grain yield and TKW. The high potency of seed coating with the combination suggests that the two microorganisms have synergetic or complementary impacts on wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayneb Kthiri
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-53-556-610
| | - Maissa Ben Jabeur
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Kalthoum Harbaoui
- High School of Agriculture of Mateur, Department of Plant Sciences, Carthage University, Mateur 7030, Tunisia;
| | - Chahine Karmous
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Zoubeir Chamekh
- National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Field Crop, Carthage University, Tunis 2049, Tunisia;
| | - Fadia Chairi
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (M.D.S.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Maria Dolores Serret
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (M.D.S.); (J.L.A.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (M.D.S.); (J.L.A.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Walid Hamada
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
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18
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Martinez DA, Loening UE, Graham MC, Gathorne-Hardy A. When the Medicine Feeds the Problem; Do Nitrogen Fertilisers and Pesticides Enhance the Nutritional Quality of Crops for Their Pests and Pathogens? FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.701310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of maximising agricultural productivity encourages growers to apply high volumes of nitrogen (N) fertilisers and pesticides in order to promote and protect yields. Despite these inputs, pests and pathogens (P&Ps) continue to cause economic losses and challenge food security at local, national, and global scales. P&Ps are a particular problem in industrial agricultural environments, where large-scale monocultures facilitate rapid growth of crop-adapted P&P populations. P&P population growth is strongly dependent upon acquisition of N-resources (e.g., amino acids) from crop tissues, and concentrations of these compounds depend on the metabolic state of the crop which, in turn, is influenced by its growth stage, by environmental conditions, and by agrochemical inputs. In this study we demonstrate that routine applications of pesticides and/or N-fertilisers may inadvertently reinforce the problem of P&P damage in agriculture by enhancing the nutritional quality of crops for these organisms. N-fertilisation has diverse influences on crops' susceptibility to P&P damage; N-fertilisers enhance the nutritional quality and “attractiveness” of crops for P&Ps, and they can also alter crops' expression of the defensive traits (both morphological and chemical) that serve to protect them against these organisms. Exposure of crops to pesticides (including commonly used insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide products) can result in significant metabolic disruption and, consequently, in accumulation of nutritionally valuable amino acids within crop tissues. Importantly, these metabolic changes may not cause visible signs of stress or toxicity in the crop, and may represent an “invisible” mechanism underlying persistent P&P pressure in the field. Given the intensity of their use worldwide, their far-reaching and destructive consequences for wildlife and overall ecosystem health, and the continued prevalence of P&P-associated crop damage in agriculture, we recommend that the impacts of these cornerstone agricultural inputs on the nutritional relationship between crops and their P&Ps are closely examined in order to inform appropriate management for a more secure and sustainable food system.
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19
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Rani M, Jha G. Host Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Metabolic Pathway Is Involved in Resistance Against Rhizoctonia solani. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1207-1218. [PMID: 33320020 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-20-0356-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a highly destructive necrotrophic fungal pathogen having a diverse host range, including rice and tomato. Previously R. solani infection has been found to cause large-scale readjustment in host primary metabolism and accumulation of various stress-associated metabolites such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rice. In this study, we report upregulation of GABA pathway genes during pathogenesis of R. solani in rice and tomato. The exogenous application of GABA provided partial resistance against R. solani infection in both the hosts. Furthermore, by using the virus-induced gene silencing approach, we knocked down the expression of some of the tomato genes involved in GABA biosynthesis (glutamate decarboxylase) and GABA catabolism (GABA-transaminase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase) to study their role in host defense against R. solani infection. The silencing of each of these genes increased disease susceptibility in tomato. Overall the results from gene expression analysis, exogenous chemical application, and gene silencing studies suggest that the GABA pathway plays a positive role in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogen R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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20
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Soltani N, Staton M, Gwinn KD. Response of bitter and sweet Chenopodium quinoa varieties to cucumber mosaic virus: Transcriptome and small RNASeq perspective. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244364. [PMID: 33621238 PMCID: PMC7901783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are secondary metabolites with antiviral properties. Low saponin (sweet) varieties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) have been developed because seeds high in saponins taste bitter. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of saponin in resistance of quinoa to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Differential gene expression was studied in time-series study of CMV infection. High-throughput transcriptome sequence data were obtained from 36 samples (3 varieties × +/- CMV × 1 or 4 days after inoculation × 3 replicates). Translation, lipid, nitrogen, amino acid metabolism, and mono- and sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis genes were upregulated in CMV infections. In 'Red Head' (bitter), CMV-induced systemic symptoms were concurrent with downregulation of a key saponin biosynthesis gene, TSARL1, four days after inoculation. In local lesion responses (sweet and semi-sweet), TSARL1 levels remained up-regulated. Known microRNAs (miRNA) (81) from 11 miR families and 876 predicted novel miRNAs were identified. Differentially expressed miRNA and short interfering RNA clusters (24nt) induced by CMV infection are predicted to target genomic and intergenic regions enriched in repetitive elements. This is the first report of integrated RNASeq and sRNASeq data in quinoa-virus interactions and provides comprehensive understanding of involved genes, non-coding regions, and biological pathways in virus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourolah Soltani
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Margaret Staton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kimberly D. Gwinn
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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21
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dos Santos TB, Baba VY, Vieira LGE, Pereira LFP, Domingues DS. The urea transporter DUR3 is differentially regulated by abiotic and biotic stresses in coffee plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:203-212. [PMID: 33707863 PMCID: PMC7907287 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The high costs of N fertilizers in the coffee production emphasizes the need to optimize fertilization practices and improve nitrogen use efficiency. Urea is widespread in nature, characterizing itself as a significant source of nitrogen for the growth and development of several organisms. Thus, the characterization of genes involved in urea transport in coffee plants is an important research topic for the sustainable production of this valuable cash crop. In the current study, we evaluated the expression of the DUR3 gene under abiotic and biotic stresses in coffee plants. Here, we show that the expression of a high-affinity urea transporter gene (CaDUR3) was up-regulated by N starvation in leaves and roots of two out of three C. arabica cultivars examined. Moreover, the CaDUR3 gene was differentially expressed in coffee plants under different abiotic and biotic stresses. In plants of cv. IAPAR59, CaDUR3 showed an increased expression in leaves after exposure to water deficit and heat stress, while it was downregulated in plants under salinity. Upon infection with H. vastatrix (coffee rust), the CaDUR3 was markedly up-regulated at the beginning of the infection process in the disease susceptible Catuaí Vermelho 99 in comparison with the resistant cultivar. These results indicate that besides urea acquisition and N-remobilization, CaDUR3 gene may be closely involved in the response to various stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Benedito dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico Do Paraná (IAPAR), Londrina, Londrina, 86047-902 Brazil
- Universidade Do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Presidente Prudente, 19067-175 Brazil
| | - Viviane Y. Baba
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico Do Paraná (IAPAR), Londrina, Londrina, 86047-902 Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Esteves Vieira
- Universidade Do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Presidente Prudente, 19067-175 Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Silva Domingues
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (UNESP), Avenida 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, 13506-900 Brazil
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Dong S, Sang L, Xie H, Chai M, Wang ZY. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Salt Stress-Induced Leaf Senescence in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:666660. [PMID: 34305965 PMCID: PMC8299074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.666660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the most critical portion of forage crops such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Leaf senescence caused by environmental stresses significantly impacts the biomass and quality of forages. To understand the molecular mechanisms and identify the key regulator of the salt stress-induced leaf senescence process, we conducted a simple and effective salt stress-induced leaf senescence assay in Medicago truncatula, which was followed by RNA-Seq analysis coupled with physiological and biochemical characterization. By comparing the observed expression data with that derived from dark-induced leaf senescence at different time points, we identified 3,001, 3,787, and 4,419 senescence-associated genes (SAGs) for salt stress-induced leaf senescence on day 2, 4, and 6, respectively. There were 1546 SAGs shared by dark and salt stress treatment across the three time points. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that the 1546 SAGs were mainly related to protein and amino acids metabolism, photosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, and hormone signaling during leaf senescence. Strikingly, many different transcription factors (TFs) families out of the 1546 SAGs, including NAC, bHLH, MYB, and ERF, were associated with salt stress-induced leaf senescence processes. Using the transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana, we verified that three functional NAC TF genes from the 1546 SAGs were related to leaf senescence. These results clarify SAGs under salt stress in M. truncatula and provide new insights and additional genetic resources for further forage crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maofeng Chai
- *Correspondence: Maofeng Chai orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-0321
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23
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Xiong XP, Sun SC, Zhu QH, Zhang XY, Liu F, Li YJ, Xue F, Sun J. Transcriptome Analysis and RNA Interference Reveal GhGDH2 Regulating Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt by JA and SA Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:654676. [PMID: 34177978 PMCID: PMC8226099 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.654676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most damaging and widespread soil-borne cotton diseases. The molecular mechanisms underlying the cotton defense against V. dahliae remain largely elusive. Here, we compared the transcriptional differences between Upland cotton cultivars: one highly resistant (HR; Shidalukang 1) and one highly susceptible (HS; Junmian 1). This was done at multiple time points after V. dahliae inoculation, which identified 2010 and 1275 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HR and HS, respectively. Plant hormone signal transduction-related genes were enriched in HR, whereas genes related to lignin biosynthesis were enriched in both HR and HS. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) using the 2868 non-redundant genes differentially expressed between the V. dahliae infected and uninfected samples in HR or HS identified 10 different gene network modules and 22 hub genes with a potential role in regulating cotton defense against V. dahliae infection. GhGDH2, encoding glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), was selected for functional characterization. Suppressing the expression level of GhGDH2 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in HS led to inhibition of the salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis/signaling pathways and activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis/signaling pathways, which resulted in an increase of 42.1% JA content and a reduction of 78.9% SA content in cotton roots, and consequently enhanced V. dahliae resistance. Our finding provides new insights on the molecular mechanisms of cotton resistance to V. dahliae infection and candidate genes for breeding V. dahliae resistance cotton cultivars by genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Peng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi-Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Fei Xue,
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Sun,
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24
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Marmagne A, Jasinski S, Fagard M, Bill L, Guerche P, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Chardon F. Post-flowering biotic and abiotic stresses impact nitrogen use efficiency and seed filling in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4578-4590. [PMID: 31930315 PMCID: PMC7382380 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient that plants require for the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, and many other important metabolites. Plant metabolism and growth are consequently dependent on the amount of N that is assimilated and distributed from source leaves to developing sinks, such as fruits and seeds. The environmental stresses enhanced by climate change deeply influence seed yield and seed composition, and may disturb N use efficiency (NUE) in pants. We aimed to investigate plant responses to extreme climates with regard to NUE, N remobilization efficiency, and seed composition. By studying a collection of Arabidopsis genotypes showing a range of C:N ratios in seeds, we investigated the impact of different post-flowering growth conditions (control, heat, drought, low nitrate availability, induced senescence, and induced plant defense) on seed yield, N allocation in organs, NUE, and N remobilization efficiency. We analysed how post-flowering stresses could change seed filling and showed that post-flowering stresses change both the range of N and C concentrations and the C:N stoichiometry in seeds. Using a new trait, called delta seed composition, we measured the deviation in C:N stoichiometry of each genotype and revealed the genetic determinism of the C:N stoichiometry. Altogether, the results indicate that extreme climate impacts NUE dramatically in plants and generates different bottlenecks in N fluxes during seed filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marmagne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay,, Versailles, France
| | - Sophie Jasinski
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay,, Versailles, France
| | - Mathilde Fagard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay,, Versailles, France
| | - Laurence Bill
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay,, Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Guerche
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay,, Versailles, France
| | | | - Fabien Chardon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay,, Versailles, France
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25
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Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide in Cover Plants: Medicago sativa L. as a Model Species. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the several innovations that have been incorporated in agriculture, the use of herbicides, especially glyphosate (GLY), is still the major tool for weed control. Although this herbicide has a notable worldwide representation, concerns about its environmental safety were recently raised, with a lot of divergence between studies on its non-target toxicity. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the risks of this herbicide to non-target plants, including cover crop species, which have a crucial role in maintaining agroecosystems functions and in preventing soil erosion. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of a cover plant species (Medicago sativa L.) exposed to increasing concentrations of a GLY-based herbicide (GBH), particularly focusing on the oxidative metabolism. The growth of roots and shoots was affected, being this effect accompanied by a rise of lipid peroxidation, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress, and by an activation of the antioxidant (AOX) system. Indeed, the results showed that adverse effects are visible at active ingredient concentrations of 8.0 mg kg−1, with the lowest EC50 being 12 mg kg−1, showing that GBH-contaminated soils may pose a risk to the survival of non-target plants in the most contaminated areas. Overall, these findings proved that GBH greatly impairs the growth of a non-target plant, strengthening the need of additional studies to unravel the real risks associated with the over usage of this pesticide, since there is an evident lack of studies performed with contaminated soils.
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26
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Liu C, Gong X, Wang H, Dang K, Deng X, Feng B. Low-nitrogen tolerance comprehensive evaluation and physiological response to nitrogen stress in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) seedling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:233-242. [PMID: 32234662 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing the new crop varieties with high productivity under low nitrogen (N) input is an important access to facilitate modern agricultural sustainability. In the present study, 20 broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties were characterized for their morphological and nutrient parameters to different low N levels in seedling. The results showed that 0.25 mM NH4NO3 was the standard concentration for the evaluation and identification of low-N tolerance. Through pearson's correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and subordinate function analysis, the tolerance of 20 varieties under N stress was evaluated and plant height, root length, shoot biomass, and shoot and root N content were considered as the evaluation system of low-N tolerance. Although leaves photosynthetic capacities and activities of N metabolism related enzymes showed the decreasing tendency to N stress, low-N tolerant varieties had higher activities in both leaves and roots as compared to low-N sensitive varieties. The work provides a reliable and comprehensive method for evaluating low-N tolerance in broomcorn millet and our data elucidate possible physiological adaptive mechanisms by which broomcorn millet tolerates N stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Honglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Ke Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiping Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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27
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Zhang NN, Zou H, Lin XY, Pan Q, Zhang WQ, Zhang JH, Wei GH, Shangguan ZP, Chen J. Hydrogen sulfide and rhizobia synergistically regulate nitrogen (N) assimilation and remobilization during N deficiency-induced senescence in soybean. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1130-1147. [PMID: 32012309 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is emerging as an important signalling molecule that regulates plant growth and abiotic stress responses. However, the roles of H2 S in symbiotic nitrogen (N) assimilation and remobilization have not been characterized. Therefore, we examined how H2 S influences the soybean (Glycine max)/rhizobia interaction in terms of symbiotic N fixation and mobilization during N deficiency-induced senescence. H2 S enhanced biomass accumulation and delayed leaf senescence through effects on nodule numbers, leaf chlorophyll contents, leaf N resorption efficiency, and the N contents in different tissues. Moreover, grain numbers and yield were regulated by H2 S and rhizobia, together with N accumulation in the organs, and N use efficiency. The synergistic effects of H2 S and rhizobia were also demonstrated by effects on the enzyme activities, protein abundances, and gene expressions associated with N metabolism, and senescence-associated genes (SAGs) expression in soybeans grown under conditions of N deficiency. Taken together, these results show that H2 S and rhizobia accelerate N assimilation and remobilization by regulation of the expression of SAGs during N deficiency-induced senescence. Thus, H2 S enhances the vegetative and reproductive growth of soybean, presumably through interactions with rhizobia under conditions of N deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Hang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of life sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of life sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ge-Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of life sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Zhou-Ping Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
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28
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Baba VY, Braghini MT, Dos Santos TB, de Carvalho K, Soares JDM, Ivamoto-Suzuki ST, Maluf MP, Padilha L, Paccola-Meirelles LD, Pereira LF, Domingues DS. Transcriptional patterns of Coffea arabica L. nitrate reductase, glutamine and asparagine synthetase genes are modulated under nitrogen suppression and coffee leaf rust. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8320. [PMID: 31915587 PMCID: PMC6944126 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the transcriptional profile of genes related to nitrogen (N) assimilation in coffee plants susceptible and resistant to rust fungi under N sufficiency and N suppression. For this purpose, we inoculated young coffee leaves with Hemileia vastatrix uredospores and collected them at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours post-inoculation (HPI) to evaluate the relative expressions of genes encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase (CaGS1), plastid glutamine synthetase (CaGS2), nitrate reductase (CaNR), and asparagine synthetase (CaAS). The genes exhibited distinct patterns of transcriptional modulation for the different genotypes and N nutritional regimes. The resistant genotype (I59) presented high levels of transcription in response to pathogen inoculation for CaNR and CaGS1 genes, evaluated under N sufficiency in the initial moments of infection (12 HPI). The gene CaGS1 also showed a peak at 48 HPI. The susceptible genotype (CV99) showed increased transcript rates of CaNR at 12 and 24 HPI in response to rust inoculation. The transcriptional patterns observed for CV99, under N suppression, were high levels for CaAS and CaGS2 at all post-inoculation times in response to coffee leaf rust disease. In addition, CaGS1 was up-regulated at 48 HPI for CV99. Cultivar I59 showed high transcript levels at 12 HPI for CaAS and peaks at 24 and 48 HPI for CaGS2 in inoculated samples. Consequently, total chlorophyl concentration was influenced by N suppression and by rust infection. Regarding enzyme activities in vitro for glutamine synthetase and CaNR, there was an increase in infected coffee leaves (I59) and under N sufficiency. Moreover, CV99 was modulated in both N nutritional regimes for GS activity in response to rust. Our results indicate that N transport genes trigger a differential modulation between genotypes through the action of rust disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Yumi Baba
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Masako Toma Braghini
- Centro de Análise e Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio do Café "Alcides Carvalho," Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Benedito Dos Santos
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kenia de Carvalho
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Tiemi Ivamoto-Suzuki
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Botany, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian P Maluf
- Centro de Análise e Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio do Café "Alcides Carvalho," Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Plant Breeding, Embrapa Café, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Lilian Padilha
- Centro de Análise e Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio do Café "Alcides Carvalho," Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Plant Breeding, Embrapa Café, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Luzia D Paccola-Meirelles
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Agronomy, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Filipe Pereira
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Plant Breeding, Embrapa Café, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Douglas S Domingues
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Botany, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Identification of Phenotypic and Physiological Markers of Salt Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) through Integrated Analyses. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important stresses that reduces plant growth and productivity in several parts of the world. Nine Tunisian durum wheat genotypes grown under hydroponic conditions were subjected to two levels of salt stress (100 and 170 mM NaCl) for 21 days. An integrative analysis revealing the impact of salinity on key phenotypic and physiological marker traits was then conducted. Principal component analysis grouped these traits into three different clusters corresponding to the absence of salt stress and the two levels of salt stress. This analysis also allowed the identification of genotypes exhibiting various levels of tolerance to NaCl. Among the nine genotypes of Triticum durum Desf., cultivar Om Rabiaa was the most tolerant whereas cultivar Mahmoudi genotype was the most sensitive. Following the multivariate analysis of the examined phenotypic and physiological traits, we found that shoot length, shoot fresh weight, leaf area, the whole-plant stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N), shoot ammonium and proline contents, and shoot glutamine synthetase activity could be used as markers for the selection of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes.
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Munir N, Cheng C, Xia C, Xu X, Nawaz MA, Iftikhar J, Chen Y, Lin Y, Lai Z. RNA-Seq analysis reveals an essential role of tyrosine metabolism pathway in response to root-rot infection in Gerbera hybrida. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223519. [PMID: 31644543 PMCID: PMC6808435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gerbera hybrida is one of the top five cut flowers across the world, it is host for the root rot causing parasite called Phytophthora cryptogea. In this study, plantlets of healthy and root-rot pathogen-infected G. hybrida were used as plant materials for transcriptome analyis using high-throughput Illumina sequencing technique. A total 108,135 unigenes were generated with an average length of 727 nt and N50 equal to 1274 nt out of which 611 genes were identified as DEGs by DESeq analyses. Among DEGs, 228 genes were up-regulated and 383 were down-regulated. Through this annotated data and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), molecular interaction network, transcripts accompanying with tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were thoroughly observed considering expression pattern. The involvement of DEGs in tyrosine metabolism pathway was validated by real-time qPCR. We found that genes related with tyrosine metabolism were activated and up-regulated against stress response. The expression of GhTAT, GhAAT, GhHPD, GhHGD and GhFAH genes was significantly increased in the leaves and petioles at four and six dpi (days post inoculation) as compared with control. The study predicts the gene sequences responsible for the tyrosine metabolism pathway and its responses against root-rot resistance in gerbera plant. In future, identification of such genes is necessary for the better understanding of rot resistance mechanism and to develop a root rot resistance strategy for ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigarish Munir
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunzhen Cheng
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaoshui Xia
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Xuming Xu
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iftikhar
- Fujian Provincial Key Labortary of Plant Functional Biology, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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31
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Hejna O, Havlickova L, He Z, Bancroft I, Curn V. Analysing the genetic architecture of clubroot resistance variation in Brassica napus by associative transcriptomics. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2019; 39:112. [PMID: 31396013 PMCID: PMC6647481 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-019-1021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Clubroot is a destructive soil-borne pathogen of Brassicaceae that causes significant recurrent reductions in yield of cruciferous crops. Although there is some resistance in oilseed rape (a crop type of the species Brassica napus), the genetic basis of that resistance is poorly understood. In this study, we used an associative transcriptomics approach to elucidate the genetic basis of resistance to clubroot pathotype ECD 17/31/31 across a genetic diversity panel of 245 accessions of B. napus. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis was performed with 256,397 SNPs distributed across the genome of B. napus and combined with transcript abundance data of 53,889 coding DNA sequence (CDS) gene models. The SNP association analysis identified two major loci (on chromosomes A2 and A3) controlling resistance and seven minor loci. Within these were a total of 86 SNP markers. Altogether, 392 genes were found in these regions. Another 21 genes were implicated as potentially involved in resistance using gene expression marker (GEM) analysis. After GO enrichment analysis and InterPro functional analysis of the identified genes, 82 candidate genes were identified as having roles in clubroot resistance. These results provide useful information for marker-assisted breeding which could lead to acceleration of pyramiding of multiple clubroot resistance genes in new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Hejna
- Biotechnological Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska, 1668 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Lenka Havlickova
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Zhesi He
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Ian Bancroft
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Vladislav Curn
- Biotechnological Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska, 1668 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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32
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Sheflin AM, Chiniquy D, Yuan C, Goren E, Kumar I, Braud M, Brutnell T, Eveland AL, Tringe S, Liu P, Kresovich S, Marsh EL, Schachtman DP, Prenni JE. Metabolomics of sorghum roots during nitrogen stress reveals compromised metabolic capacity for salicylic acid biosynthesis. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00122. [PMID: 31245765 PMCID: PMC6508800 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the fifth most productive cereal crop worldwide with some hybrids having high biomass yield traits making it promising for sustainable, economical biofuel production. To maximize biofuel feedstock yields, a more complete understanding of metabolic responses to low nitrogen (N) will be useful for incorporation in crop improvement efforts. In this study, 10 diverse sorghum entries (including inbreds and hybrids) were field-grown under low and full N conditions and roots were sampled at two time points for metabolomics and 16S amplicon sequencing. Roots of plants grown under low N showed altered metabolic profiles at both sampling dates including metabolites important in N storage and synthesis of aromatic amino acids. Complementary investigation of the rhizosphere microbiome revealed dominance by a single operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in an early sampling that was taxonomically assigned to the genus Pseudomonas. Abundance of this Pseudomonas OTU was significantly greater under low N in July and was decreased dramatically in September. Correlation of Pseudomonas abundance with root metabolites revealed a strong negative association with the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) under full N but not under low N, suggesting reduced defense response. Roots from plants with N stress also contained reduced phenylalanine, a precursor for SA, providing further evidence for compromised metabolic capacity for defense response under low N conditions. Our findings suggest that interactions between biotic and abiotic stresses may affect metabolic capacity for plant defense and need to be concurrently prioritized as breeding programs become established for biofuels production on marginal soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Sheflin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado
| | - Dawn Chiniquy
- Joint Genome InstituteDepartment of EnergyWalnut CreekCalifornia
| | - Chaohui Yuan
- Bioinformatics & Computational BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | - Emily Goren
- Bioinformatics & Computational BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | | | - Max Braud
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouri
| | | | | | - Susannah Tringe
- Joint Genome InstituteDepartment of EnergyWalnut CreekCalifornia
| | - Peng Liu
- Bioinformatics & Computational BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | - Stephen Kresovich
- Plant and Environmental Genetics and Biochemistry DepartmentsClemson UniversityClemsonSouth Carolina
| | - Ellen L. Marsh
- Center for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraska
| | | | - Jessica E. Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado
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33
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Ji Y, Li Q, Liu G, Selvaraj G, Zheng Z, Zou J, Wei Y. Roles of Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetases in Arabidopsis Development and Stress Responses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:657-671. [PMID: 30649517 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) has as a central role in nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism. It is synthesized during assimilation of ammonium by cytosolic and plastidial glutamine synthetases (GS; EC 6.1.1.3). Arabidopsis thaliana has five cytosolic GS (GS1) encoding genes designated as GLN1;1-GLN1;5 and one plastidial GS (GS2) gene. In this report that concerns cytosolic GS, we show by analyzing single, double and triple mutants that single genes were dispensable for growth under laboratory conditions. However, loss of two or three GS1 isoforms impacted plant form, function and the capacity to tolerate abiotic stresses. The loss of GLN1;1, GLN1;2 and GLN1;3 resulted in a significant reduction of vegetative growth and seed size. In addition, we infer that GLN1;4 is essential for pollen viability but only in the absence of GLN1;1 and GLN1;3. Transcript profiling revealed that expression of GLN1;1, GLN1;2, GLN1;3 and GLN1;4 was repressed by salinity and cold stresses. Among all single gln1 mutants, growth of gln1;1 seedlings showed an enhanced sensitivity to the GS inhibitor phosphinothricin (PPT), as well as to cold and salinity treatments, suggesting a non-redundant role for GLN1;1. Furthermore, the increased sensitivity of gln1;1 mutants to methyl viologen was associated with an accelerated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the thylakoid of chloroplasts. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, an involvement of the cytosolic GS1 in modulating ROS homeostasis in chloroplasts. Collectively, the current study establishes a link between cytosolic Gln production and plant development, ROS production and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ji
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Gopalan Selvaraj
- National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Zhifu Zheng
- College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, China
| | - Jitao Zou
- National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Agarwal G, Clevenger J, Pandey MK, Wang H, Shasidhar Y, Chu Y, Fountain JC, Choudhary D, Culbreath AK, Liu X, Huang G, Wang X, Deshmukh R, Holbrook CC, Bertioli DJ, Ozias‐Akins P, Jackson SA, Varshney RK, Guo B. High-density genetic map using whole-genome resequencing for fine mapping and candidate gene discovery for disease resistance in peanut. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1954-1967. [PMID: 29637729 PMCID: PMC6181220 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) of mapping populations has facilitated development of high-density genetic maps essential for fine mapping and candidate gene discovery for traits of interest in crop species. Leaf spots, including early leaf spot (ELS) and late leaf spot (LLS), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) are devastating diseases in peanut causing significant yield loss. We generated WGRS data on a recombinant inbred line population, developed a SNP-based high-density genetic map, and conducted fine mapping, candidate gene discovery and marker validation for ELS, LLS and TSWV. The first sequence-based high-density map was constructed with 8869 SNPs assigned to 20 linkage groups, representing 20 chromosomes, for the 'T' population (Tifrunner × GT-C20) with a map length of 3120 cM and an average distance of 1.45 cM. The quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using high-density genetic map and multiple season phenotyping data identified 35 main-effect QTLs with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) from 6.32% to 47.63%. Among major-effect QTLs mapped, there were two QTLs for ELS on B05 with 47.42% PVE and B03 with 47.38% PVE, two QTLs for LLS on A05 with 47.63% and B03 with 34.03% PVE and one QTL for TSWV on B09 with 40.71% PVE. The epistasis and environment interaction analyses identified significant environmental effects on these traits. The identified QTL regions had disease resistance genes including R-genes and transcription factors. KASP markers were developed for major QTLs and validated in the population and are ready for further deployment in genomics-assisted breeding in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Agarwal
- Crop Protection and Management Research UnitUSDA‐ARSTiftonGAUSA
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGAUSA
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems BiologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Josh Clevenger
- Center for Applied Genetic TechnologiesMars Wrigley ConfectioneryAthensGAUSA
- Center for Applied Genetic TechnologiesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems BiologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Hui Wang
- Crop Protection and Management Research UnitUSDA‐ARSTiftonGAUSA
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGAUSA
| | - Yaduru Shasidhar
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems BiologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Ye Chu
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding & GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGAUSA
| | - Jake C. Fountain
- Crop Protection and Management Research UnitUSDA‐ARSTiftonGAUSA
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGAUSA
| | - Divya Choudhary
- Crop Protection and Management Research UnitUSDA‐ARSTiftonGAUSA
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Xingjun Wang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesBiotechnology Research CenterJinanChina
| | | | | | - David J. Bertioli
- Center for Applied Genetic TechnologiesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Peggy Ozias‐Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding & GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGAUSA
| | - Scott A. Jackson
- Center for Applied Genetic TechnologiesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems BiologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research UnitUSDA‐ARSTiftonGAUSA
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35
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Chen L, Cai Y, Liu X, Yao W, Guo C, Sun S, Wu C, Jiang B, Han T, Hou W. Improvement of Soybean Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Efficiency by Adding Glutamine and Asparagine into the Culture Media. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3039. [PMID: 30301169 PMCID: PMC6213721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a genetically modified crop, transgenic soybean occupies the largest global scale with its food, nutritional, industrial, and pharmaceutical uses.Efficient transformation is a key factor for the improvement of genetically modified soybean. At present, the Agrobacterium-mediated method is primarily used for soybean transformation, but the efficiency of this method is still relatively low (below 5%) compared with rice (above 90%). In this study, we examined the influence of l-glutamine and/or l-asparagine on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in soybean and explored the probable role in the process of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results showed that when the amino acids l-glutamine and l-asparagine were added separately or together to the culture medium, the shoot induction frequency, elongation rate, and transformation frequency were improved. The combined effects of l-glutamine and l-asparagine were better than those of l-glutamine and l-asparagine alone. The 50 mg/L l-glutamine and 50 mg/L l-asparagine together can enhance the transformation frequency of soybean by attenuating the expression level of GmPRs (GmPR1, GmPR4, GmPR5, and GmPR10) and suppression of the plant defense response. The transgene was successfully transmitted to the T1 generation. This study will be useful in genetic engineering of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yupeng Cai
- National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiujie Liu
- National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Weiwei Yao
- National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chen Guo
- National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shi Sun
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Cunxiang Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bingjun Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tianfu Han
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wensheng Hou
- National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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36
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Ghorbani A, Izadpanah K, Peters JR, Dietzgen RG, Mitter N. Detection and profiling of circular RNAs in uninfected and maize Iranian mosaic virus-infected maize. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:402-409. [PMID: 30080628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed non-coding RNAs that are usually derived from exonic regions of genes, but can also arise from intronic and intergenic regions. Studies of circRNAs in humans, animals and several plant species have shown an altered population of circRNAs in response to abiotic and biotic stress. Recently it was shown that circRNAs also occur in maize, but it is unknown if maize circRNAs are responsive to stress. Maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV, genus Nucleorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae) causes an economically important disease in maize and other gramineous crops in Iran. In this study, we used data from RNA-Seq of MIMV-infected maize and uninfected controls to identify differentially expressed circRNAs. Such circRNAs were confirmed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, northern blot, RT-qPCR and sequencing. A total of 1443 circRNAs were identified in MIMV-infected maize and 1165 circRNAs in uninfected maize. Two hundred and one circRNAs were in common between MIMV-infected and uninfected samples. Of these, 155 circRNAs were up-regulated and 5 down-regulated in MIMV infected plants, compared to the uninfected control. This study for the first time identified and profiled circRNA expression in maize in response to virus infection. Moreover, we predict that 33 circRNAs may bind 23 maize miRNAs, possibly affecting plant metabolism and development. Our data suggest a role for circRNAs in plant cell regulation and response to biotic stress such as virus infection, and give new insights into the complexity of plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abozar Ghorbani
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | | | - Jonathan R Peters
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Neena Mitter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
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37
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Interactive effects of Magnaporthe inoculation and nitrogen doses on the plant enzyme machinery and phyllosphere microbiome of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1287-1305. [PMID: 29943213 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Severity of plant diseases is often influenced by the availability of nutrients, particularly N; however, its effect on the phyllosphere microbiome in foliar pathogen challenged plants is less investigated in rice. The tripartite interaction among the fungal pathogen (Magnaporthe oryzae), rice cultivars (basmati and non-basmati, blast resistant or susceptible) and nitrogen (N) fertilization (0, 120 and 180 N) was investigated. Plant growth, elicitation of defense responses and abundance of microbial members in the rice phyllosphere were monitored using biochemical and molecular methods. In general, photosynthetic pigments were distinct for each cultivar, and optimal N doses led to higher values. The susceptible var. CO-39 and resistant CO-39I exhibited higher contents of photosynthetic pigments and micronutrients such as zinc in leaves in response to N doses. Elicitation of defense and hydrolytic enzymes was significantly influenced by pathogen inoculation and modulated by N doses, but varietal effects were distinct. Scoring indices emphasized the pathogen susceptibility of var. CO-39 and PB-1, which showed almost 40-60% higher values than the resistant cultivars; the interactions of cultivars and N doses was also significant. Characteristic changes were recorded in the abundances of the gene copies, particularly, with an overall increase in the number of cyanobacterial 16S rRNA, and bacterial amoA in pathogen-challenged treatments, while nifH gene copies exhibited a reducing trend with increasing N doses, in the presence or absence of pathogen. The varietal differences in the cause and effect relationships can be valuable in crop protection for more effective foliar application of pesticides or biocontrol agents.
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38
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Pasriga R, Cho LH, Yoon J, An G. Identification of the Regulatory Region Responsible for Vascular Tissue-Specific Expression in the Rice Hd3a Promoter. Mol Cells 2018; 41:342-350. [PMID: 29487275 PMCID: PMC5935103 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering time is determined by florigens. These genes include, Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and Rice FT 1 (RFT1) in rice, which are specifically expressed in the vascular tissues of leaves at the floral transition stage. To study the cis-regulatory elements present in the promoter region of Hd3a, we generated transgenic plants carrying the 1.75-kb promoter fragment of Hd3a that was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Plants expressing this construct conferred a vascular cell-specific expression pattern for the reporter gene. However, GUS was expressed in leaves at all developmental stages, including the early seedling stage when Hd3a was not detected. Furthermore, the reporter was expressed in roots at all stages. This suggests that the 1.75-kb region lackings cis-elements that regulate leaf-specific expression at the appropriate developmental stages. Deletion analyses of the promoter region indicated that regulatory elements determining vascular cell-specific expression are present in the 200-bp region between -245 bp and -45 bp from the transcription initiation site. By transforming the Hd3a-GUS construct to rice cultivar 'Taichung 65' which is defective in Ehd1, we observed that Ehd1 is the major regulatory element that controls Hd3a promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pasriga
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Jinmi Yoon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
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39
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Seo JK, Kim MK, Kwak HR, Choi HS, Nam M, Choe J, Choi B, Han SJ, Kang JH, Jung C. Molecular dissection of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus based on comparative transcriptome analysis. Virology 2018; 516:1-20. [PMID: 29316505 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection of plants may cause various physiological symptoms associated with the reprogramming of plant gene expression. However, the molecular mechanisms and associated genes underlying disease symptom development in plants infected with viruses are largely unknown. In this study, we employed RNA sequencing for in-depth molecular characterization of the transcriptional changes associated with the development of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that ToCV and TYLCV induced distinct transcriptional changes in tomato and resulted in the identification of important genes responsible for the development of symptoms of ToCV (i.e., chlorosis and anthocyanin accumulation) and TYLCV (i.e., yellowing, stunted growth, and leaf curl). Our comprehensive transcriptome analysis can provide molecular strategies to reduce the severity of disease symptoms as well as new insights for the development of virus-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Kyun Seo
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyeong Kim
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryun Kwak
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Soo Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nam
- SEEDERS Inc., Daejeon 34015, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Boram Choi
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Han
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonkyun Jung
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
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Lambert R, Quiles FA, Gálvez-Valdivieso G, Piedras P. Nucleases activities during French bean leaf aging and dark-induced senescence. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:235-242. [PMID: 28898802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During leaf senescence resources are managed, with nutrients mobilized from older leaves to new sink tissues. The latter implies a dilemma in terms of resource utilization, the leaf senescence should increase seed quality whereas delay in senescence should improve the seed yield. Increased knowledge about nutrient recycling during leaf senescence could lead to advances in agriculture and improved seed quality. Macromolecules mobilized during leaf senescence include proteins and nucleic acids. Although nucleic acids have been less well studied than protein degradation, they are possible reservoirs of nitrogen and phosphorous. The present study investigated nuclease activities and gene expression patterns of five members of the S1/P1 family in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv.)Page: 2 during leaf senescence. An in-gel assay was used to detect nuclease activity during natural and dark-induced senescence, with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) used as a substrate. The results revealed two nucleases (glycoproteins), with molecular masses of 34 and 39kDa in the senescent leaves. The nuclease activities were higher at a neutral than at an acidic pH. EDTA treatment inhibited the activities of the nucleases, and the addition of zinc resulted in the recovery of these activities. Both the 34 and 39kDa nucleases were able to use RNA and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as substrates, although their activities were low when dsDNA was used as a substrate. In addition, two ribonucleases with molecular masses of 14 and 16kDa, both of which could only utilize RNA as a substrate, were detected in the senescent leaves. Two members of the S1/P1 family, PVN2 and PVN5, were expressed under the experimental conditions, suggesting that these two genes were involved in senescence. The nuclease activity of the glycoproteins and gene expression were similar under both natural senescence and dark-induced senescence conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Lambert
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Campus Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, 1ª Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Antonio Quiles
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Campus Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, 1ª Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gregorio Gálvez-Valdivieso
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Campus Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, 1ª Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Piedras
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Campus Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, 1ª Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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Mur LAJ, Simpson C, Kumari A, Gupta AK, Gupta KJ. Moving nitrogen to the centre of plant defence against pathogens. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:703-709. [PMID: 27594647 PMCID: PMC5378193 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants require nitrogen (N) for growth, development and defence against abiotic and biotic stresses. The extensive use of artificial N fertilizers has played an important role in the Green Revolution. N assimilation can involve a reductase series ( NO3- → NO2- → NH4+ ) followed by transamination to form amino acids. Given its widespread use, the agricultural impact of N nutrition on disease development has been extensively examined. SCOPE When a pathogen first comes into contact with a host, it is usually nutrient starved such that rapid assimilation of host nutrients is essential for successful pathogenesis. Equally, the host may reallocate its nutrients to defence responses or away from the site of attempted infection. Exogenous application of N fertilizer can, therefore, shift the balance in favour of the host or pathogen. In line with this, increasing N has been reported either to increase or to decrease plant resistance to pathogens, which reflects differences in the infection strategies of discrete pathogens. Beyond considering only N content, the use of NO3- or NH4+ fertilizers affects the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. NO3- feeding augments hypersensitive response- (HR) mediated resistance, while ammonium nutrition can compromise defence. Metabolically, NO3- enhances production of polyamines such as spermine and spermidine, which are established defence signals, with NH4+ nutrition leading to increased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels which may be a nutrient source for the pathogen. Within the defensive N economy, the roles of nitric oxide must also be considered. This is mostly generated from NO2- by nitrate reductase and is elicited by both pathogen-associated microbial patterns and gene-for-gene-mediated defences. Nitric oxide (NO) production and associated defences are therefore NO3- dependent and are compromised by NH4+ . CONCLUSION This review demonstrates how N content and form plays an essential role in defensive primary and secondary metabolism and NO-mediated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
- For correspondence. E-mail or
| | - Catherine Simpson
- Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi
| | - Alok Kumar Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi
| | - Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi
- For correspondence. E-mail or
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Uhlíková H, Solanský M, Hrdinová V, Šedo O, Kašparovský T, Hejátko J, Lochman J. MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern)-induced changes in plasma membrane-associated proteins. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 210:51-57. [PMID: 28056387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane associated proteins play significant roles in Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) mediated defence responses including signal transduction, membrane transport or energetic metabolism. To elucidate the dynamics of proteins associated with plasma membrane in response to cryptogein, a well-known MAMP of defence reaction secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea, 2D-Blue Native/SDS gel electrophoresis of plasma membrane fractions was employed. This approach revealed 21 up- or down-regulated protein spots of which 15 were successfully identified as proteins related to transport through plasma membrane, vesicle trafficking, and metabolic enzymes including cytosolic NADP-malic enzyme and glutamine synthetase. Observed changes in proteins were also confirmed on transcriptional level by qRT-PCR analysis. In addition, a significantly decreased accumulation of transcripts observed after employment of a mutant variant of cryptogein Leu41Phe, exhibiting a conspicuous defect in induction of resistance, sustains the contribution of identified proteins in cryptogein-triggered cellular responses. Our data provide further evidence for dynamic MAMP-induced changes in plasma membrane associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Uhlíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Solanský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Vendula Hrdinová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Šedo
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Kašparovský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Hejátko
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czechia.
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Cerna H, Černý M, Habánová H, Šafářová D, Abushamsiya K, Navrátil M, Brzobohatý B. Proteomics offers insight to the mechanism behind Pisum sativum L. response to pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV). J Proteomics 2017; 153:78-88. [PMID: 27235724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) significantly reduces yields in a broad spectra of legumes. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor has been shown to confer resistance to this pathogen, thus implying that translation and proteome dynamics play a role in resistance. This study presents the results of a proteome-wide analysis of Pisum sativum L. response to PSbMV infection. LC-MS profiling of two contrasting pea cultivars, resistant (B99) and susceptible (Raman) to PSbMV infection, detected >2300 proteins, 116 of which responded to PSbMV ten and/or twenty days post-inoculation. These differentially abundant proteins are involved in number of processes that have previously been reported in the plant-pathogen response, including protein and amino acid metabolism, stress signaling, redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. We complemented our proteome-wide analysis work with targeted analyses of free amino acids and selected small molecules, fatty acid profiling, and enzyme activity assays. Data from these additional experiments support our findings and validate the biological relevance of the observed proteome changes. We found surprising similarities in the resistant and susceptible cultivars, which implies that a seemingly unaffected plant, with no detectable levels of PSbMV, actively suppresses viral replication. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Plant resistance to PSbMV is connected to translation initiation factors, yet the processes involved are still poorly understood at the proteome level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey of the global proteomic response to PSbMV in plants. The combination of label-free LC-MS profiling and two contrasting cultivars (resistant and susceptible) provided highly sensitive snapshots of protein abundance in response to PSbMV infection. PSbMV is a member of the largest family of plant viruses and our results are in accordance with previously characterized potyvirus-responsive proteomes. Hence, the results of this study can further extend our knowledge about these pathogens. We also show that even though no viral replication is detected in the PSbMV-resistant cultivar B99, it is still significantly affected by PSbMV inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cerna
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Habánová
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Šafářová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc 27, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Kifah Abushamsiya
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Navrátil
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc 27, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Liu Y, Wang L, Liu H, Zhao R, Liu B, Fu Q, Zhang Y. The antioxidative defense system is involved in the premature senescence in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum NC89). Biol Res 2016; 49:30. [PMID: 27370650 PMCID: PMC4930573 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Farnesene is a volatile sesquiterpene synthesized by the plant mevalonate (MVA) pathway through the action of α-farnesene synthase. The α-farnesene synthase 1 (MdAFS1) gene was isolated from apple peel (var. white winter pearmain), and transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum NC89). The transgenic plants had faster stem elongation during vegetative growth and earlier flowering than wild type (WT). Our studies focused on the transgenic tobacco phenotype. RESULTS The levels of chlorophyll and soluble protein decreased and a lower seed biomass and reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in transgenic plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radicals (O 2 (·-) ) had higher levels in transgenics compared to controls. Transgenic plants also had enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress. The transcriptome of 8-week-old plants was studied to detect molecular changes. Differentially expressed unigene analysis showed that ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, cell growth, and death unigenes were upregulated. Unigenes related to photosynthesis, antioxidant activity, and nitrogen metabolism were downregulated. Combined with the expression analysis of senescence marker genes, these results indicate that senescence started in the leaves of the transgenic plants at the vegetative growth stage. CONCLUSIONS The antioxidative defense system was compromised and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) played an important role in the premature aging of transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanjuan Fu
- />Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Long Tan Road, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhu Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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Kumar S, Kanakachari M, Gurusamy D, Kumar K, Narayanasamy P, Kethireddy Venkata P, Solanke A, Gamanagatti S, Hiremath V, Katageri IS, Leelavathi S, Kumar PA, Reddy VS. Genome-wide transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of bollworm-infested developing cotton bolls revealed the genes and pathways involved in the insect pest defence mechanism. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1438-55. [PMID: 26799171 PMCID: PMC5066800 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a major insect pest that feeds on cotton bolls causing extensive damage leading to crop and productivity loss. In spite of such a major impact, cotton plant response to bollworm infection is yet to be witnessed. In this context, we have studied the genome-wide response of cotton bolls infested with bollworm using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Further, we have validated this data using semi-quantitative real-time PCR. Comparative analyses have revealed that 39% of the transcriptome and 35% of the proteome were differentially regulated during bollworm infestation. Around 36% of significantly regulated transcripts and 45% of differentially expressed proteins were found to be involved in signalling followed by redox regulation. Further analysis showed that defence-related stress hormones and their lipid precursors, transcription factors, signalling molecules, etc. were stimulated, whereas the growth-related counterparts were suppressed during bollworm infestation. Around 26% of the significantly up-regulated proteins were defence molecules, while >50% of the significantly down-regulated were related to photosynthesis and growth. Interestingly, the biosynthesis genes for synergistically regulated jasmonate, ethylene and suppressors of the antagonistic factor salicylate were found to be up-regulated, suggesting a choice among stress-responsive phytohormone regulation. Manual curation of the enzymes and TFs highlighted the components of retrograde signalling pathways. Our data suggest that a selective regulatory mechanism directs the reallocation of metabolic resources favouring defence over growth under bollworm infestation and these insights could be exploited to develop bollworm-resistant cotton varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mogilicherla Kanakachari
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Dhandapani Gurusamy
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhakaran Narayanasamy
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Amolkumar Solanke
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Sadhu Leelavathi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Polumetla Ananda Kumar
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Vanga Siva Reddy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Diab H, Limami AM. Reconfiguration of N Metabolism upon Hypoxia Stress and Recovery: Roles of Alanine Aminotransferase (AlaAT) and Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 5:E25. [PMID: 27258319 PMCID: PMC4931405 DOI: 10.3390/plants5020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the context of climatic change, more heavy precipitation and more frequent flooding and waterlogging events threaten the productivity of arable farmland. Furthermore, crops were not selected to cope with flooding- and waterlogging-induced oxygen limitation. In general, low oxygen stress, unlike other abiotic stresses (e.g., cold, high temperature, drought and saline stress), received little interest from the scientific community and less financial support from stakeholders. Accordingly, breeding programs should be developed and agronomical practices should be adapted in order to save plants' growth and yield-even under conditions of low oxygen availability (e.g., submergence and waterlogging). The prerequisite to the success of such breeding programs and changes in agronomical practices is a good knowledge of how plants adapt to low oxygen stress at the cellular and the whole plant level. In the present paper, we summarized the recent knowledge on metabolic adjustment in general under low oxygen stress and highlighted thereafter the major changes pertaining to the reconfiguration of amino acids syntheses. We propose a model showing (i) how pyruvate derived from active glycolysis upon hypoxia is competitively used by the alanine aminotransferase/glutamate synthase cycle, leading to alanine accumulation and NAD⁺ regeneration. Carbon is then saved in a nitrogen store instead of being lost through ethanol fermentative pathway. (ii) During the post-hypoxia recovery period, the alanine aminotransferase/glutamate dehydrogenase cycle mobilizes this carbon from alanine store. Pyruvate produced by the reverse reaction of alanine aminotransferase is funneled to the TCA cycle, while deaminating glutamate dehydrogenase regenerates, reducing equivalent (NADH) and 2-oxoglutarate to maintain the cycle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Diab
- University of Angers, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Anis M Limami
- University of Angers, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France.
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47
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Li Y, Wang M, Zhang F, Xu Y, Chen X, Qin X, Wen X. Effect of post-silking drought on nitrogen partitioning and gene expression patterns of glutamine synthetase and asparagine synthetase in two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 102:62-9. [PMID: 26913793 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) and asparagine synthetase (AS) are proposed to have important function in plant nitrogen (N) remobilization, but their roles under drought stress are not well defined. In this study, the expression dynamics of GS and AS genes were analyzed in two maize varieties (ZD958 and NH101) in relation to post-silking drought stress induced nitrogen partitioning. ZD958 was a 'stay-green' variety with 5% nitrogen harvest index (NHI) lower than NH101. From silking to maturity, the amount of nitrogen remobilized from ear-leaves in ZD958 was evidently lower than NH101, and post-silking drought stress increased the nitrogen remobilization for both varieties. In ear-leaves, the expression of ZmGln1-3 was enhanced under drought stress. Three AS genes (ZmAS1, ZmAS2 and ZmAS3) were differentially regulated by post-silking drought treatment, of which the expression of ZmAS3 was stimulated at late stage of leaf senescence. In NH101, the expression level of ZmAS3 was markedly higher than that in ZD958. In developing grains, there were no significant differences in expression patterns of GS and AS genes between well water and drought treated plants. Drought stress altered maize N partitioning at the whole-plant level, and the up-regulation of GS and AS genes may contribute to the higher leaf nitrogen remobilization when exposed to drought treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yadong Xu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoliang Qin
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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48
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Moschen S, Bengoa Luoni S, Di Rienzo JA, Caro MDP, Tohge T, Watanabe M, Hollmann J, González S, Rivarola M, García-García F, Dopazo J, Hopp HE, Hoefgen R, Fernie AR, Paniego N, Fernández P, Heinz RA. Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to understand natural leaf senescence in sunflower. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:719-34. [PMID: 26132509 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex process, which has dramatic consequences on crop yield. In sunflower, gap between potential and actual yields reveals the economic impact of senescence. Indeed, sunflower plants are incapable of maintaining their green leaf area over sustained periods. This study characterizes the leaf senescence process in sunflower through a systems biology approach integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses: plants being grown under both glasshouse and field conditions. Our results revealed a correspondence between profile changes detected at the molecular, biochemical and physiological level throughout the progression of leaf senescence measured at different plant developmental stages. Early metabolic changes were detected prior to anthesis and before the onset of the first senescence symptoms, with more pronounced changes observed when physiological and molecular variables were assessed under field conditions. During leaf development, photosynthetic activity and cell growth processes decreased, whereas sucrose, fatty acid, nucleotide and amino acid metabolisms increased. Pathways related to nutrient recycling processes were also up-regulated. Members of the NAC, AP2-EREBP, HB, bZIP and MYB transcription factor families showed high expression levels, and their expression level was highly correlated, suggesting their involvement in sunflower senescence. The results of this study thus contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of leaf senescence in sunflower leaves as well as to the identification of candidate genes involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Moschen
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Bengoa Luoni
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Julio A Di Rienzo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Del Pilar Caro
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sergio González
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Máximo Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco García-García
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, España
- Functional Genomics Node, National Institute of Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, España
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, España
- Functional Genomics Node, National Institute of Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, España
| | - Horacio Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Norma Paniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Fernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Ruth A Heinz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Divya D, Singh YT, Nair S, Bentur JS. Analysis of SSH library of rice variety Aganni reveals candidate gall midge resistance genes. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:153-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fernández-Calvino L, Guzmán-Benito I, Del Toro FJ, Donaire L, Castro-Sanz AB, Ruíz-Ferrer V, Llave C. Activation of senescence-associated Dark-inducible (DIN) genes during infection contributes to enhanced susceptibility to plant viruses. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:3-15. [PMID: 25787925 PMCID: PMC6638341 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Virus infections in plants cause changes in host gene expression that are common to other environmental stresses. In this work, we found extensive overlap in the transcriptional responses between Arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and plants undergoing senescence. This is exemplified by the up-regulation during infection of several senescence-associated Dark-inducible (DIN) genes, including AtDIN1 (Senescence 1, SEN1), AtDIN6 (Asparagine synthetase 1, AtASN1) and AtDIN11. DIN1, DIN6 and DIN11 homologues were also activated in Nicotiana benthamiana in response to TRV and Potato virus X (PVX) infection. Reduced TRV levels in RNA interference (RNAi) lines targeting AtDIN11 indicate that DIN11 is an important modulator of susceptibility to TRV in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, low accumulation of TRV in Arabidopsis protoplasts from RNAi lines suggests that AtDIN11 supports virus multiplication in this species. The effect of DIN6 on virus accumulation was negligible in Arabidopsis, perhaps as a result of gene or functional redundancy. However, TRV-induced silencing of NbASN, the DIN6 homologue in N. benthamiana, compromises TRV and PVX accumulation in systemically infected leaves. Interestingly, NbASN inactivation correlates with the appearance of morphological defects in infected leaves. We found that DIN6 and DIN11 regulate virus multiplication in a step prior to the activation of plant defence responses. We hypothesize on the possible roles of DIN6 and DIN11 during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Fernández-Calvino
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Guzmán-Benito
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Del Toro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Livia Donaire
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Castro-Sanz
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruíz-Ferrer
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Llave
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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