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Ziv A, Kashkush K. Transcriptome variations in hybrids of wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:571. [PMID: 38886665 PMCID: PMC11184805 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild emmer wheat is a great candidate to revitalize domesticated wheat genetic diversity. Recent years have seen intensive investigation into the evolution and domestication of wild emmer wheat, including whole-genome DNA and transcriptome sequencing. However, the impact of intraspecific hybridization on the transcriptome of wild emmer wheat has been poorly studied. In this study, we assessed changes in methylation patterns and transcriptomic variations in two accessions of wild emmer wheat collected from two marginal populations, Mt. Hermon and Mt. Amasa, and in their stable F4 hybrid. RESULTS Methylation-Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP) detected significant cytosine demethylation in F4 hybrids vs. parental lines, suggesting potential transcriptome variation. After a detailed analysis, we examined nine RNA-Seq samples, which included three biological replicates from the F4 hybrid and its parental lines. RNA-Seq databases contained approximately 200 million reads, with each library consisting of 15 to 25 million reads. There are a total of 62,490 well-annotated genes in these databases, with 6,602 genes showing differential expression between F4 hybrid and parental lines Mt. Hermon and Mt. Amasa. The differentially expressed genes were classified into four main categories based on their expression patterns. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes are associated with DNA/RNA metabolism, photosynthesis, stress response, phosphorylation and developmental processes. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant transcriptomic changes resulting from intraspecific hybridization within natural plant populations, which might aid the nascent hybrid in adapting to various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Ziv
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Khalil Kashkush
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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Zhang P, Wang T, Yao Z, Li J, Wang Q, Xue Y, Jiang Y, Li Q, Li L, Qi Z, Niu J. Fine mapping of leaf delayed virescence gene dv4 in Triticum aestivum. Gene 2024; 910:148277. [PMID: 38364974 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, and its yield affects national food security. Wheat leaves are key photosynthetic organs where carbohydrates are synthesized for grain yield. Leaf colour mutants are ideal germplasm resources for molecular genetic studies of wheat chloroplast development, chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis. We obtained a wheat mutant delayed virescence 4 (dv4) from cultivar Guomai 301. The leaves of mutant dv4 were pale yellow at the seedling stage, golden yellow at the turning green stage, and they started to turn green at the jointing stage. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the yellow-leaf phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene named as dv4. Gene dv4 was fine mapped in a 1.46 Mb region on chromosome 7DS by SSR and dCAPS marker assays. Three putative candidate genes were identified in this region. Because no leaf colour genes have been reported on wheat chromosome arm 7DS previously, dv4 is a novel leaf colour gene. The result facilitates map-based cloning of dv4 and provides information for the construction of a high-photosynthetic efficiency ideotype for improving wheat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziping Yao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zengjun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jishan Niu
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Tong J, Xiong Y, Lu Y, Li W, Lin W, Xue J, Sun M, Wang Y, Gao Z. Drip Fertigation Enhances the Responses of Grain Yield and Quality to Nitrogen Topdressing Rate in Irrigated Winter Wheat in North China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1439. [PMID: 38891248 PMCID: PMC11174403 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Conventional water and nitrogen (N) management practice in north China, comprising flood irrigation and N fertilizer broadcast (FB), limits sustainable wheat production. Drip fertigation (DF) has been widely adopted in wheat production in recent years and has effectively improved yields. However, the responses of the yield and quality to the N topdressing rate (NTR) under DF are still unclear. This study determined the responses of the wheat yield and quality to NTR under DF, as well as assessing whether DF could synergistically increase the yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted in north China for two seasons (2021-2023) using a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plot used the management practice (FB and DF) and the sub-plot had N treatment (no N applied, and NTRs of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 with 150 kg N ha-1 as basal fertilizer, denoted as N0, T0, T40, T80, T120, and T160, respectively). Our results showed that high and saturated wheat yields (12.08 and 11.46 t ha-1) were obtained under DF at T80, and the highest yields were produced at T160 (11.71 and 11.30 t ha-1) under FB. Compared with FB, the greatest yield increase of 10.4-12.6% was achieved at T80 under DF. A higher spike number due to the increased effective stem percentage and a greater grain weight because of enhanced post-anthesis biomass production (BPpost) explained the improved yield under DF. The enhanced post-anthesis radiation use efficiency (RUE) led to the greater BPpost under DF. The enhanced specific leaf N, antioxidant capacity, and stomatal conductance under DF explained the higher light-saturated photosynthesis rate of flag leaves, which partly led to the increased post-anthesis RUE. NTR higher than 80 kg ha-1 did not enhance the yield, but it significantly improved the gliadin and glutelin contents, thereby leading to a higher total protein content, better gluten characteristics, and superior processing quality. Therefore, drip fertigation is a practical strategy for increasing both yield and quality with reduced water input and appropriate N input in irrigated winter wheat in north China. Applying 80 kg ha-1 of NTR under drip irrigation produces a high yield, but further gain in grain quality needs a higher NTR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuechao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (J.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (W.L.); (J.X.); (M.S.)
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (J.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (W.L.); (J.X.); (M.S.)
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4
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Huang X, Wang X, Liu X, Cheng L, Pan J, Yang X. Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles as a Micronutrient Fertilizer for Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1395. [PMID: 38794464 PMCID: PMC11124989 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Limited research has focused on nanoparticle (NP) applications' impact on edible wheat parts in a field environment. Here, we studied the nutritional quality of edible parts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with a field experiment by spraying MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Wheat was foliar sprayed with 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L composite manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) NPs during 220 d of a growth period. Ionic controls were prepared using the conventional counterparts (MnSO4·H2O and FeSO4·7H2O) to compare with the 100 mg/L MnFe2O4 NPs. After three consecutive foliar applications, nanoparticles demonstrated a substantial elevation in grain yield and harvest index, exhibiting a noteworthy increase to 5.0 ± 0.12 t/ha and 0.46 ± 0.001 in the 100 mg/L NP dose, respectively, concomitant with a 14% enhancement in the grain number per spike. Fe, Mn, and Ca content in grain increased to 77 ± 2.7 mg/kg, 119 ± 2.8 mg/kg, and 0.32 ± 7.9 g/kg in the 100 mg/L NPs, respectively. Compared to the ion treatment, the 100 mg/L NP treatments notably boosts wheat grain crude protein content (from 13 ± 0.79% to 15 ± 0.58%) and effectively lowers PA/Fe levels (from 11 ± 0.7 to 9.3 ± 0.5), thereby improving Fe bioavailability. The VSM results exhibited a slight superparamagnetic behavior, whereas the grains and stems exhibited diamagnetic behavior. The results indicate that the nanomaterial did not accumulate in the grains, suggesting its suitability as an Fe and Mn-rich fertilizer in agriculture. Above all, the foliar application of nanocomposites increased the concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Ca in wheat grains, accompanied by a significant enhancement in grain yield. Therefore, the research results indicate that the foliar application of MnFe2O4 NPs can positively regulate wheat grains' nutritional quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.H.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.H.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.H.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Liping Cheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.H.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Jianqing Pan
- Agriculture Bureau of Changxing County, Huzhou 323000, China;
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.H.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (L.C.)
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Nguyen ND, Pulsford SB, Förster B, Rottet S, Rourke L, Long BM, Price GD. A carboxysome-based CO 2 concentrating mechanism for C 3 crop chloroplasts: advances and the road ahead. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:940-952. [PMID: 38321620 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of the carboxysome-based CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) into crop plants has been modelled to significantly increase crop yields. This projection serves as motivation for pursuing this strategy to contribute to global food security. The successful implementation of this engineering challenge is reliant upon the transfer of a microcompartment that encapsulates cyanobacterial Rubisco, known as the carboxysome, alongside active bicarbonate transporters. To date, significant progress has been achieved with respect to understanding various aspects of the cyanobacterial CCM, and more recently, different components of the carboxysome have been successfully introduced into plant chloroplasts. In this Perspective piece, we summarise recent findings and offer new research avenues that will accelerate research in this field to ultimately and successfully introduce the carboxysome into crop plants for increased crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem D Nguyen
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Sacha B Pulsford
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, 137 Sullivan's Ck Rd, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Britta Förster
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Sarah Rottet
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Loraine Rourke
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Benedict M Long
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - G Dean Price
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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Stirbet A, Guo Y, Lazár D, Govindjee G. From leaf to multiscale models of photosynthesis: applications and challenges for crop improvement. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9. [PMID: 38619700 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To keep up with the growth of human population and to circumvent deleterious effects of global climate change, it is essential to enhance crop yield to achieve higher production. Here we review mathematical models of oxygenic photosynthesis that are extensively used, and discuss in depth a subset that accounts for diverse approaches providing solutions to our objective. These include models (1) to study different ways to enhance photosynthesis, such as fine-tuning antenna size, photoprotection and electron transport; (2) to bioengineer carbon metabolism; and (3) to evaluate the interactions between the process of photosynthesis and the seasonal crop dynamics, or those that have included statistical whole-genome prediction methods to quantify the impact of photosynthesis traits on the improvement of crop yield. We conclude by emphasizing that the results obtained in these studies clearly demonstrate that mathematical modelling is a key tool to examine different approaches to improve photosynthesis for better productivity, while effective multiscale crop models, especially those that also include remote sensing data, are indispensable to verify different strategies to obtain maximized crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký Univesity, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and the Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Lin Q, Hamid Y, Wang H, Lu M, Cao X, Zou T, Chen Z, Hussain B, Feng Y, Li T, He Z, Yang X. Co-foliar application of zinc and nano-silicon to rice helps in reducing cadmium exposure risk: Investigations through in-vitro digestion with human cell line bioavailability assay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133822. [PMID: 38387179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Foliar application of zinc (Zn) or silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) may exert regulatory effects on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grains, however, their impact on Cd bioavailability during human rice consumption remains elusive. This study comprehensively investigated the application of Zn with or without Si-NPs in reducing Cd accumulation in rice grains as well to exactly evaluate the potential risk of Cd exposure resulting from the rice consumption by employing field experiment as well laboratory bioaccessibility and bioavailability assay. Sole Zn (ZnSO4) or in combination with Si (ZnSO4 +Si and ZnO+Si) efficiently lowered the Cd concentration in rice grains. However, the impact of bioaccessible (0.1215-0.1623 mg kg-1) and bioavailable Cd (0.0245-0.0393 mg kg-1) during simulated human rice consumption depicted inconsistent trend. The straw HCl-extractable fraction of Cd (FHCl-Cd) exhibited a significant correlation with total, bioaccessible, and bioavailable Cd in grains, indicating the critical role of FHCl-Cd in Cd accumulation and translocation from grains to human. Additionally, foliar spraying of Zn+Si raised the nutritional value of rice grains, leading to increased protein content and reduced phytic acid concentration. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of foliar application of ZnSO4 +Si in mitigating the Cd levels in rice grains and associated health risks upon consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Honhang Wang
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Quzhou Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Quzhou 324002, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerui Cao
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou 311251, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenli He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Xiong Y, Tong J, Lin W, Xue J, Wang Y, Gao Z. Higher Seed Rates Enlarge Effects of Wide-Belt Sowing on Canopy Radiation Capture, Distribution, and Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:986. [PMID: 38611515 PMCID: PMC11013843 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The optimized winter wheat sowing method comprising wide-belt sowing (WBS) can improve the ears number and biomass to increase the grain yield, compared with conventional narrow-drill sowing (NDS). The seed rate and the interaction between the sowing method and seed rate also affect yield formation. However, the effects of the sowing method and seed rate, as well as their interaction on biomass production, particularly the interception of solar radiation (ISR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), are unclear. A field experiment was conducted for two seasons in southern Shanxi province, China, using a split-plot design with sowing method as the main plot (WBS and NDS) and seed rate as the sub-plot (100-700 m-2). Our results showed that while WBS had a significant and positive effect, increasing the yield by 4.7-15.4%, the mechanism differed between seed rates. Yield increase by WBS was mainly attributed to the increase in total biomass resulting from both the promoted pre- and post-anthesis biomass production, except that only the increase in post-anthesis biomass mattered at the lowest seed rate (100 m-2). The higher biomass was attributed to the increased ISR before anthesis. After anthesis, the increased ISR contributed mainly to the increased biomass at low seed rates (100 and 200 m-2). In contrast, the increased RUE, resulting from the enhanced radiation distribution within canopy and LAI, contributed to the higher post-anthesis biomass at medium and high seed rates (400 to 700 m-2). The greatest increases in total biomass, pre-anthesis ISR, and post-anthesis RUE by WBS were all achieved at 500 seed m-2, thereby obtaining the highest yield. In summary, WBS enhanced grain yield by increasing ISR before anthesis and improving RUE after anthesis, and adopting relatively higher seed rates (400-500 m-2) was necessary for maximizing the positive effect of WBS, and thus the higher wheat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuechao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Wang H, Hu S, Gu L, Du X, Zhu B, Wang H. Ectopic expression of SaCTP3 from the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii in sorghum increases Cd accumulation for phytoextraction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123289. [PMID: 38176638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The Cd tolerance protein SaCTP3, which responds to Cd stress, was identified in Sedum alfredii; however, how to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil using the CTP gene remains unknown. In this study, the phytoremediation potential of SaCTP3 of Sedum alfredii was identified. In the yeast Cd-sensitive strain Δycf1 overexpressing SaCTP3, the accumulation of Cd was higher than that in the Δycf1 strain overexpressing an empty vector. Transgenic sorghum plants overexpression SaCTP3 were further constructed to verify the function of SaCTP3. Compared to wild-type plants, the SaCTP3-overexpressing lines exhibited higher Cd accumulation under 500 μM Cd conditions. The average Cd content inSaCTP3-overexpressing plants is more than four times higher than that of WT plants. This was accompanied by an enhanced ability to scavenge ROS, as evidenced by the significantly increased activities of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in response to Cd stress. Pot experiments further demonstrated that SaCTP3 overexpression resulted in improved soil Cd scavenging and photosynthetic abilities. After 20 days of growth, the average Cd content in the soil planted with SaCTP3-overexpressing sorghum decreased by 19.4%, while the residual Cd content in the soil planted with wild-type plants was only reduced by 5.4%. This study elucidated the role of SaCTP3 from S.alfredii, highlighting its potential utility in genetically modifying sorghum for the effective phytoremediation of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Sha Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xuye Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
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Zeng Q, Dong J, Lin X, Zhou X, Xu H. Isolation and Identification of Acer truncatum Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces verruculosus and Evaluation of Its Effects on Insoluble Phosphorus Absorption Capacity and Growth of Cucumber Seedlings. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:136. [PMID: 38392808 PMCID: PMC10890576 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The symbiosis between endophytic fungi and plants can promote the absorption of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients by plants. Phosphorus is one of the indispensable nutrient elements for plant growth and development. However, the content of available phosphorus in soil is very low, which limits the growth of plants. Phosphorus-soluble microorganisms can improve the utilization rate of insoluble phosphorus. In this study, Talaromyces verruculosus (T. verruculosus), a potential phosphorus-soluble fungus, was isolated from Acer truncatum, a plant with strong stress resistance, and its phosphorus-soluble ability in relation to cucumber seedlings under different treatment conditions was determined. In addition, the morphological, physiological, and biochemical indexes of the cucumber seedlings were assessed. The results show that T. verruculosus could solubilize tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and lecithin, and the solubilization effect of lecithin was higher than that of TCP. After the application of T. verruclosus, the leaf photosynthetic index increased significantly. The photosynthetic system damage caused by low phosphorus stress was alleviated, and the root morphological indexes of cucumber seedlings were increased. The plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area of cucumber seedlings treated with T. verruculosus were also significantly higher than those without treatment. Therefore, it was shown that T. verruculosus is a beneficial endophytic fungus that can promote plant growth and improve plant stress resistance. This study will provide a useful reference for further research on endophytic fungi to promote growth and improve plant stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpan Zeng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Jiawei Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Xiaoru Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Xiaofu Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
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Theiß M, Steier A, Rascher U, Müller-Linow M. Completing the picture of field-grown cereal crops: a new method for detailed leaf surface models in wheat. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:21. [PMID: 38310295 PMCID: PMC10837940 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaf angle distribution (LAD) is an important structural parameter of agricultural crops that influences light interception, radiation fluxes and consequently plant performance. Therefore, LAD and its parametrized form, the Beta distribution, is used in many photosynthesis models. However, in field cultivations, these parameters are difficult to assess and cereal crops in particular pose challenges since their leaves are thin, flexible, and often bent and twisted around their own axis. To our knowledge, there is only a very limited set of methods currently available to calculate LADs of field-grown cereal crops that explicitly takes these special morphological properties into account. RESULTS In this study, a new processing pipeline is introduced that allows for the generation of realistic leaf surface models and the analysis of LADs of field-grown cereal crops from 3D point clouds. The data acquisition is based on a convenient stereo imaging setup. The approach was validated with different artificial targets and results on the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction, leaf surface modeling and calculated LAD are given. The mean error of the 3D reconstruction was below 1 mm for an inclination angle range between 0° and 75° and the leaf surface could be quantified with an average accuracy of 90%. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 99.6% (p-value = [Formula: see text]) indicated a high correlation between the reconstructed inclination angle and the identity line. The LADs for bent leaves were reconstructed with a mean error of 0.21° and a standard deviation of 1.55°. As an additional parameter, the insertion angle was reconstructed for the artificial leaf model with an average error < 5°. Finally, the method was tested with images of field-grown cereal crops and Beta functions were approximated from the calculated LADs. The mean CCC between reconstructed LAD and calculated Beta function was 0.66. According to Cohen, this indicates a high correlation. CONCLUSION This study shows that our image processing pipeline can reconstruct the complex leaf shape of cereal crops from stereo images. The high accuracy of the approach was demonstrated with several validation experiments including artificial leaf targets. The derived leaf models were used to calculate LADs for artificial leaves and naturally grown cereal crops. This helps to better understand the influence of the canopy structure on light absorption and plant performance and allows for a more precise parametrization of photosynthesis models via the derived Beta distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Theiß
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelina Steier
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mark Müller-Linow
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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Keller B, Soto J, Steier A, Portilla-Benavides AE, Raatz B, Studer B, Walter A, Muller O, Urban MO. Linking photosynthesis and yield reveals a strategy to improve light use efficiency in a climbing bean breeding population. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:901-916. [PMID: 37878015 PMCID: PMC10837016 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis drives plant physiology, biomass accumulation, and yield. Photosynthetic efficiency, specifically the operating efficiency of PSII (Fq'/Fm'), is highly responsive to actual growth conditions, especially to fluctuating photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PPFR). Under field conditions, plants constantly balance energy uptake to optimize growth. The dynamic regulation complicates the quantification of cumulative photochemical energy uptake based on the intercepted solar energy, its transduction into biomass, and the identification of efficient breeding lines. Here, we show significant effects on biomass related to genetic variation in photosynthetic efficiency of 178 climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines. Under fluctuating conditions, the Fq'/Fm' was monitored throughout the growing period using hand-held and automated chlorophyll fluorescence phenotyping. The seasonal response of Fq'/Fm' to PPFR (ResponseG:PPFR) achieved significant correlations with biomass and yield, ranging from 0.33 to 0.35 and from 0.22 to 0.31 in two glasshouse and three field trials, respectively. Phenomic yield prediction outperformed genomic predictions for new environments in four trials under different growing conditions. Investigating genetic control over photosynthesis, one single nucleotide polymorphism (Chr09_37766289_13052) on chromosome 9 was significantly associated with ResponseG:PPFR in proximity to a candidate gene controlling chloroplast thylakoid formation. In conclusion, photosynthetic screening facilitates and accelerates selection for high yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Keller
- Crop Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Soto
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Angelina Steier
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Bodo Raatz
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Crop Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Milan O Urban
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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13
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Moroyoqui‐Parra MA, Molero G, Reynolds MP, Gaju O, Murchie EH, Foulkes MJ. Interaction of planting system with radiation-use efficiency in wheat lines. CROP SCIENCE 2024; 64:314-332. [PMID: 38516200 PMCID: PMC10952436 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Radiation-use efficiency (RUE) is an important trait for raising biomass and yield potential in plant breeding. However, the effect of the planting system (PS) on genetic variation in RUE has not been previously investigated. Our objectives were to quantify genetic variation in RUE, biomass and grain yield in raised-bed and flat-basin planting systems, and associations with canopy-architecture traits (flag-leaf angle and curvature). Twelve spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated under irrigated conditions for 3 years in North West Mexico using raised-bed and flat-basin planting systems. Canopy architecture traits were measured at booting and anthesis + 7 days. Grain yield (10.6%), biomass (7.6%), and pre-grain-filling RUE (9.7%) were higher in raised beds than flat basins, while a significant planting system × genotype interaction was found for grain yield. Genetic variation in pre-grain-filling RUE was associated with biomass and grain yield in beds and basins. In flat basins, higher pre-grain-filling RUE was correlated with a more upright flag-leaf angle but not in raised beds. In raised beds, cultivars with less upright flag-leaf angle had greater fractional light interception pre-anthesis. Taller semi-dwarf cultivars intercepted relatively more radiation in the beds than the flats before anthesis, consistent with the taller cultivars showing relatively greater increases in yield in beds compared to flats. Our results indicated that the evaluation of genotypes for RUE and biomass in wheat breeding should take into account planting systems to capture genotype × PS effects. In addition, the results demonstrate how flag-leaf angle has a different effect depending on the planting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A. Moroyoqui‐Parra
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
- KWS Momont RechercheMons‐en‐PeveleFrance
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- Lincoln Institute for Agri‐Food and TechnologyUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| | - Michael John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
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14
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Baker CR, Cocuron JC, Alonso AP, Niyogi KK. Time-resolved systems analysis of the induction of high photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis during acclimation to high light. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2335-2352. [PMID: 37849025 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Induction of high photosynthetic capacity is a key acclimation response to high light (HL) for many herbaceous dicot plants; however, the signaling pathways that control this response remain largely unknown. Here, a systems biology approach was utilized to characterize the induction of high photosynthetic capacity in strongly and weakly acclimating Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Plants were grown for 5 wk in a low light (LL) regime, and time-resolved photosynthetic physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic responses were measured during subsequent exposure to HL. The induction of high nitrogen (N) assimilation rates early in the HL shift was strongly predictive of the induction of photosynthetic capacity later in the HL shift. Accelerated N assimilation rates depended on the mobilization of existing organic acid (OA) reserves and increased de novo OA synthesis during the induction of high photosynthetic capacity. Enhanced sucrose biosynthesis capacity increased in tandem with the induction of high photosynthetic capacity, and increased starch biosynthetic capacity was balanced by increased starch catabolism. This systems analysis supports a model in which the efficient induction of N assimilation early in the HL shift begins the cascade of events necessary for the induction of high photosynthetic capacity acclimation in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Baker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | | | - Ana Paula Alonso
- BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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15
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Malko MM, Peng X, Gao X, Cai J, Zhou Q, Wang X, Jiang D. Effect of Exogenous Calcium on Tolerance of Winter Wheat to Cold Stress during Stem Elongation Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3784. [PMID: 37960140 PMCID: PMC10649948 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature stress during stem elongation is a major factor limiting wheat yield. While calcium (Ca2+) is known to enhance stress tolerance, it's potential as an alternative to cold priming and the underlying mechanisms in wheat remains unclear. The current study assessed the effects of exogenous Ca2+ and calcium inhibitors on wheat growth and related physiology mechanisms under low-temperature stress. The results revealed that exogenous Ca2+ increased photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, lowered cell membrane damage, and ultimately enhanced tolerance to low-temperature stress during the stem elongation stage, compared with the non-exogenous Ca2+ treatment. Moreover, exogenous Ca2+ induced endogenous Ca2+ content and triggered the upregulation of Ca2+ signaling and cold-responsive related genes. This study highlights the significance of exogenous Ca2+ in enhancing stress tolerance and contributing to wheat yield improvement under low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maguje Masa Malko
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.M.); (X.P.); (X.G.); (J.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.J.)
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
| | - Xinyue Peng
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.M.); (X.P.); (X.G.); (J.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.J.)
| | - Xing Gao
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.M.); (X.P.); (X.G.); (J.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.J.)
| | - Jian Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.M.); (X.P.); (X.G.); (J.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.J.)
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.M.); (X.P.); (X.G.); (J.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.J.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.M.); (X.P.); (X.G.); (J.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.J.)
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.M.); (X.P.); (X.G.); (J.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.J.)
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16
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Li J, Tian Z, Li J, Askari K, Han A, Ma J, Liu R. Physcion and chitosan-Oligosaccharide (COS) synergistically improve the yield by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and resilience in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:107993. [PMID: 37678090 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
As progressively increasing food safety concerns, diversified plant diseases and abiotic stresses, environmental-friendly bio-pesticides and bio-stimulants combinations may are likely to serve as a vital means of safeguarding green and sustainable food production. Accordingly, in this study, pot and field trials were performed to examine the application potential of the combination of physcion and chitosan-Oligosaccharide (COS) in wheat production. Wheat seeds were coated with physcion and COS and the effects exerted by them on morphology, physiology and yield of the wheat were investigated. As indicated by the results, the combination of physcion and COS not only did not inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings, but also synergistically increased root vigor and photosynthetic pigment content. Simultaneously, the lignin content in the roots and leaves was increased significantly. Moreover, the result confirmed that the combination of both substances reduced the MDA content, which was correlated with the up-regulation of the transcript expression level of antioxidant enzyme genes and the resulting increased enzyme activity. Furthermore, this combination synergistically increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the flag leaves and ultimately contributed to the increase in yield. Notably, the above-mentioned desirable cooperative effect was not limited by cultivars and cultivation methods. The conclusion of this study suggested that the combination of physcion and COS synergistically improved the photosynthetic rate and resilience in wheat, such that high wheat yields can be more significantly maintained, and future food security can be more effectively ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchong Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhixiang Tian
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jingkun Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Komelle Askari
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Aohui Han
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection and School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
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Wang H, Yu J, Zhu B, Gu L, Wang H, Du X, Zeng T, Tang H. The SbbHLH041- SbEXPA11 Module Enhances Cadmium Accumulation and Rescues Biomass by Increasing Photosynthetic Efficiency in Sorghum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13061. [PMID: 37685867 PMCID: PMC10487693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, expansin genes are responsive to heavy metal exposure. To study the bioremediary potential of this important gene family, we discovered a root-expressed expansin gene in sorghum, SbEXPA11, which is notably upregulated following cadmium (Cd) exposure. However, the mechanism underlying the Cd detoxification and accumulation mediated by SbEXPA11 in sorghum remains unclear. We overexpressed SbEXPA11 in sorghum and compared wild-type (WT) and SbEXPA11-overexpressing transgenic sorghum in terms of Cd accumulation and physiological indices following Cd. Compared with the WT, we found that SbEXPA11 mediates Cd tolerance by exerting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging effects through upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the overexpression of SbEXPA11 rescued biomass production by increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of transgenic plants. In the pot experiment with a dosage of 10 mg/kg Cd, transgenic sorghum plants demonstrated higher efficacy in reducing the Cd content of the soil (8.62 mg/kg) compared to WT sorghum plants (9.51 mg/kg). Subsequent analysis revealed that the SbbHLH041 transcription factor has the ability to induce SbEXPA11 expression through interacting with the E-box located within the SbEXPA11 promoter. These findings suggest that the SbbHLH041-SbEXPA11 cascade module may be beneficial for the development of phytoremediary sorghum varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Junxing Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuye Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Tuo Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.W.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Heng Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271002, China
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Del Pozo A, Méndez-Espinoza AM, Garriga M, Estrada F, Castillo D, Matus I, Lobos GA. Phenotypic variation in leaf photosynthetic traits, leaf area index, and carbon discrimination of field-grown wheat genotypes and their relationship with yield performance in Mediterranean environments. PLANTA 2023; 258:22. [PMID: 37329469 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Leaf water potential, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence exhibited significant differences among genotypes, high environmental effects, but low heritability. The highest-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes presented superior harvest index and grain weight, compared to drought-susceptible ones. Physiological phenotyping can help identify useful traits related to crop performance under water-limited conditions. A set of fourteen bread wheat genotypes with contrasting grain yield (GY) was studied in eight Mediterranean environments in Chile, resulting from the combination of two sites (Cauquenes and Santa Rosa), two water conditions (rainfed-WL and irrigated-WW), and four growing seasons (2015-2018). The objectives were to (i) evaluate the phenotypic variation of leaf photosynthetic traits after heading (anthesis and grain filling) in different environments; (ii) analyze the relationship between GY and leaf photosynthetic traits and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C); and (iii) identify those traits that could have a greater impact in the determination of tolerant genotypes under field conditions. Agronomic traits exhibited significant genotypic differences and genotype × environment (GxE) interaction. The average GY under the WW condition at Santa Rosa was 9.2 Mg ha-1 (range 8.2-9.9 Mg ha-1) and under the WL condition at Cauquenes was 6.2 Mg ha-1 (range 3.7-8.3 Mg ha-1). The GY was closely related to the harvest index (HI) in 14 out of 16 environments, a trait exhibiting a relatively high heritability. In general terms, the leaf photosynthetic traits presented low GxE interaction, but high environmental effects and low heritability, except for the chlorophyll content. The relationships between GY and leaf photosynthetic traits were weaker when performed across genotypes in each environment, indicating low genotypic effects, and stronger when performed across environments for each genotype. The leaf area index and Δ13C also presented high environmental effects and low heritability, and their correlations with GY were influenced by environmental effects. The highest-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes presented superior HI and grain weight, but no clear differences in leaf photosynthetic traits or Δ13C, compared to drought-susceptible ones. It seems that the phenotypic plasticity of agronomic and leaf photosynthetic traits is very important for crop adaptation to Mediterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile.
| | - Ana María Méndez-Espinoza
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- CRI-Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Km 8 Norte, Osorno, Chile
| | - Miguel Garriga
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Félix Estrada
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- CRI-Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Km 8 Norte, Osorno, Chile
| | - Dalma Castillo
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - Iván Matus
- CRI-Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gustavo A Lobos
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
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He Y, Matthews ML. Seasonal climate conditions impact the effectiveness of improving photosynthesis to increase soybean yield. FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 2023; 296:108907. [PMID: 37193044 PMCID: PMC10155077 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Context Photosynthetic stimulations have shown promising outcomes in improving crop photosynthesis, including soybean. However, it is still unclear to what extent these changes can impact photosynthetic assimilation and yield under long-term field climate conditions. Objective In this paper, we present a systematic evaluation of the response of canopy photosynthesis and yield to two critical parameters in leaf photosynthesis: the maximum carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration rate (Jmax). Methods Using the field-scale crop model Soybean-BioCro and ten years of observed climate data in Urbana, Illinois, U.S., we conducted sensitivity experiments to estimate the changes in canopy photosynthesis, leaf area index, and biomass due to the changes in Vcmax and Jmax. Results The results show that 1) Both the canopy photosynthetic assimilation (An) and pod biomass yields were more sensitive to the changes in Jmax, particularly at high atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations ([CO2]); 2) Higher [CO2] undermined the effectiveness of increasing the two parameters to improve An and yield; 3) Under the same [CO2], canopy light interception and canopy respiration were key factors that undermined improvements in An and yield; 4) A canopy with smaller leaf area index tended to have a higher yield improvement, and 5) Increases in assimilations and yields were highly dependent on growing-season climatic conditions. The solar radiation, temperature, and relative humidity were the main climate drivers that impacted the yield improvement, and they had opposite correlations with improved yield during the vegetative phase compared to the reproductive phase. Conclusions In a world with elevated [CO2], genetic engineering crop photosynthesis should focus more on improving Jmax. Further, long-term climate conditions and seasonal variations must be considered to determine the improvements in soybean canopy photosynthesis and yield at the field scale. Implications Quantifying the effectiveness of changing Vcmax and Jmax helps understand their individual and combined contributions to potential improvements in assimilation and yield. This work provides a framework for evaluating how altering the photosynthetic rate parameters impacts soybean yield and assimilation under different seasonal climate scenarios at the field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng He
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Megan L. Matthews
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Nguyen ND, Pulsford SB, Hee WY, Rae BD, Rourke LM, Price GD, Long BM. Towards engineering a hybrid carboxysome. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:265-277. [PMID: 36892800 PMCID: PMC10154267 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carboxysomes are bacterial microcompartments, whose structural features enable the encapsulated Rubisco holoenzyme to operate in a high-CO2 environment. Consequently, Rubiscos housed within these compartments possess higher catalytic turnover rates relative to their plant counterparts. This particular enzymatic property has made the carboxysome, along with associated transporters, an attractive prospect to incorporate into plant chloroplasts to increase future crop yields. To date, two carboxysome types have been characterized, the α-type that has fewer shell components and the β-type that houses a faster Rubisco. While research is underway to construct a native carboxysome in planta, work investigating the internal arrangement of carboxysomes has identified conserved Rubisco amino acid residues between the two carboxysome types which could be engineered to produce a new, hybrid carboxysome. In theory, this hybrid carboxysome would benefit from the simpler α-carboxysome shell architecture while simultaneously exploiting the higher Rubisco turnover rates in β-carboxysomes. Here, we demonstrate in an Escherichia coli expression system, that the Thermosynechococcus elongatus Form IB Rubisco can be imperfectly incorporated into simplified Cyanobium α-carboxysome-like structures. While encapsulation of non-native cargo can be achieved, T. elongatus Form IB Rubisco does not interact with the Cyanobium carbonic anhydrase, a core requirement for proper carboxysome functionality. Together, these results suggest a way forward to hybrid carboxysome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem Dinh Nguyen
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sacha B Pulsford
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Building 46, Sullivan's Creek Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Wei Yi Hee
- Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Rae
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Loraine M Rourke
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - G Dean Price
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Benedict M Long
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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21
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Li J, Li Z, Li X, Tang X, Liu H, Li J, Song Y. Effects of Spraying KH 2PO 4 on Flag Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Grain Yield and Quality under Heat Stress during the Filling Period in Winter Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091801. [PMID: 37176859 PMCID: PMC10181080 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important wheat-producing areas in China, wheat is prone to heat stress during the grain filling period in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3HP), which lowers yields and degrades the grain quality of wheat. To assess the effects of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) on the physiological traits in flag leaves and grain yield (GY) and quality under heat stress during the filling period, we conducted a two-year field experiment in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2020-2022. In this study, spraying water combined with heat stress (HT), 0.3% KH2PO4 (KDP), and 0.3% KH2PO4 combined with heat stress (PHT) were designed, and spraying water alone was used as a control (CK). The dates for the spraying were the third and eleventh day after anthesis, and a plastic film shed was used to impose heat stress on the wheat plants during the grain filling period. The results showed that spraying KH2PO4 significantly improved the chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate (Pn) in flag leaves compared with the non-sprayed treatments. Compared with CK, the Pn in HT decreased by 8.97% after heat stress, while Pn in PHT decreased by 7.44% compared to that of KDP. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in flag leaves were significantly reduced when the wheat was subjected to heat stress, while malonaldehyde content increased, and the enzyme activities were significantly enhanced when KH2PO4 was sprayed. Heat stress significantly decreased the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation (DM) after anthesis of wheat to grain (CRAA), whereas spraying KH2PO4 significantly increased the CRAA and harvest index. At maturity, the DM in CK was significantly higher than that in HT, KDP was significantly higher than PHT, and KDP had the highest DM. Compared with CK, the GY in KDP significantly increased by 9.85% over the two years, while the GY in HT decreased by 11.44% compared with that of CK, and the GY in PHT decreased by 6.31% compared to that of KDP. Spraying KH2PO4 after anthesis primarily helped GY by maintaining a high thousand grain weight to lessen the negative effects of heat stress on wheat. Moreover, heat stress significantly reduced protein concentration, wet gluten content, dough development time, and hardness index in grains of mature, while spraying KH2PO4 maintained a sufficient grain quality under the conditions of achieving higher yields. Overall, spraying KH2PO4 after anthesis could enhance the heat stress resistance of wheat and maintain the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves, ensuring the dry matter production and reducing the negative effects on grain yield and quality in the 3HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuqiao Tang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huilian Liu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jincai Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ji W, Kang Z. A necessary considering factor for breeding: growth-defense tradeoff in plants. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:6. [PMID: 37676557 PMCID: PMC10441926 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Crop diseases cause enormous yield losses and threaten global food security. Deployment of resistant cultivars can effectively control the disease and to minimize crop losses. However, high level of genetic immunity to disease was often accompanied by an undesired reduction in crop growth and yield. Recently, literatures have been rapidly emerged in understanding the mechanism of disease resistance and development genes in crop plants. To determine how and why the costs and the likely benefit of resistance genes caused in crop varieties, we re-summarized the present knowledge about the crosstalk between plant development and disease resistance caused by those genes that function as plasma membrane residents, MAPK cassette, nuclear envelope (NE) channels components and pleiotropic regulators. Considering the growth-defense tradeoffs on the basis of current advances, finally, we try to understand and suggest that a reasonable balancing strategies based on the interplay between immunity with growth should be considered to enhance immunity capacity without yield penalty in future crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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23
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An YQ, Qin ZT, Li DD, Zhao RQ, Bi BS, Wang DW, Ma DJ, Xi Z. The combined formulation of brassinolide and pyraclostrobin increases biomass and seed yield by improving photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138563. [PMID: 37063198 PMCID: PMC10090558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global food crisis, applying the phytohormone-brassinosteroids (BRs) in combination with the fungicide-pyraclostrobin (Pyr) was beneficial for plant quality and productivity in several field trials. However, in addition to the benefits of disease control due to the innate fungicidal activity of Pyr, it remains to be understood whether the coapplication of BL+ Pyr exerts additional growth-promoting effects. For this purpose, the effects of BL treatment, Pyr treatment, and BL+ Pyr treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana were compared. The results showed that the yield increased at a rate of 25.6% in the BL+Pyr group and 9.7% in the BL group, but no significant change was observed in the Pyr group. Furthermore, the BL+Pyr treatment increased the fresh weight of both the leaves and the inflorescences. In contrast, the Pyr and BL treatments only increased the fresh weight of leaves and inflorescences, respectively. Additionally, the BL + Pyr treatment increased the Pn, Gs, Tr, Vc, max, Jmax, VTPU, ETR, Fv'/Fm', ΦPSII, Rd, AYE and Rubisco enzyme activity by 26%, 38%, 40%, 16%, 19%, 15%, 9%, 10%, 17%, 179%, 18% and 32%, respectively. While, these paraments did not change significantly by the BL or Pyr treatments. Treatment with BL + Pyr and Pyr, rather than BL, improved the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents by upregulating genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis and downregulating genes related to chlorophyll degradation. Additionally, according to transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, the BL+ Pyr treatment outperformed the individual BL or Pyr treatments in activating the transcription of genes involved in photosynthesis and increasing sugar accumulation. Our results first validated that the combined usage of BL and Pyr exerted striking synergistic effects on enhancing plant biomass and yield by increasing photosynthetic efficiency. These results might provide new understanding for the agricultural effects by the co-application of BL and Pyr, and it might stimulate the efforts to develop new environment-friendly replacement for Pyr to minimize the ecotoxicology of Pyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi An
- *Correspondence: Ya-Qi An, ; Zhen Xi,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhen Xi
- *Correspondence: Ya-Qi An, ; Zhen Xi,
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24
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OsαCA1 Affects Photosynthesis, Yield Potential, and Water Use Efficiency in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065560. [PMID: 36982632 PMCID: PMC10056782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and crop yield are essentially determined by photosynthesis when considering carbon dioxide (CO2) availability. CO2 diffusion inside a leaf is one of the factors that dictate the CO2 concentrations in chloroplasts. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-containing enzymes that interconvert CO2 and bicarbonate ions (HCO3−), which, consequently, affect CO2 diffusion and thus play a fundamental role in all photosynthetic organisms. Recently, the great progress in the research in this field has immensely contributed to our understanding of the function of the β-type CAs; however, the analysis of α-type CAs in plants is still in its infancy. In this study, we identified and characterized the OsαCA1 gene in rice via the analysis of OsαCAs expression in flag leaves and the subcellular localization of its encoding protein. OsαCA1 encodes an α-type CA, whose protein is located in chloroplasts with a high abundance in photosynthetic tissues, including flag leaves, mature leaves, and panicles. OsαCA1 deficiency caused a significant reduction in assimilation rate, biomass accumulation, and grain yield. The growth and photosynthetic defects of the OsαCA1 mutant were attributable to the restricted CO2 supply at the chloroplast carboxylation sites, which could be partially rescued by the application of an elevated concentration of CO2 but not that of HCO3−. Furthermore, we have provided evidence that OsαCA1 positively regulates water use efficiency (WUE) in rice. In summary, our results reveal that the function of OsαCA1 is integral to rice photosynthesis and yield potential, underscoring the importance of α-type CAs in determining plant physiology and crop yield and providing genetic resources and new ideas for breeding high-yielding rice varieties.
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Chen L, Yang Y, Zhao Z, Lu S, Lu Q, Cui C, Parry MAJ, Hu YG. Genome-wide identification and comparative analyses of key genes involved in C 4 photosynthesis in five main gramineous crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134170. [PMID: 36993845 PMCID: PMC10040670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Compared to C3 species, C4 plants showed higher photosynthetic capacity as well as water and nitrogen use efficiency due to the presence of the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Previous studies have shown that all genes required for the C4 photosynthetic pathway exist in the genomes of C3 species and are expressed. In this study, the genes encoding six key C4 photosynthetic pathway enzymes (β-CA, PEPC, ME, MDH, RbcS, and PPDK) in the genomes of five important gramineous crops (C4: maize, foxtail millet, and sorghum; C3: rice and wheat) were systematically identified and compared. Based on sequence characteristics and evolutionary relationships, their C4 functional gene copies were distinguished from non-photosynthetic functional gene copies. Furthermore, multiple sequence alignment revealed important sites affecting the activities of PEPC and RbcS between the C3 and C4 species. Comparisons of expression characteristics confirmed that the expression patterns of non-photosynthetic gene copies were relatively conserved among species, while C4 gene copies in C4 species acquired new tissue expression patterns during evolution. Additionally, multiple sequence features that may affect C4 gene expression and subcellular localization were found in the coding and promoter regions. Our work emphasized the diversity of the evolution of different genes in the C4 photosynthetic pathway and confirmed that the specific high expression in the leaf and appropriate intracellular distribution were the keys to the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. The results of this study will help determine the evolutionary mechanism of the C4 photosynthetic pathway in Gramineae and provide references for the transformation of C4 photosynthetic pathways in wheat, rice, and other major C3 cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shannxi Agricultural University (Institute of Crop Sciences), Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhangchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiumei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunge Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Martin A. J. Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Yin-Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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26
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Pan Y, Cao Y, Chai Y, Meng X, Wang M, Wang G, Guo S. Identification of photosynthetic parameters for superior yield of two super hybrid rice varieties: A cross-scale study from leaf to canopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110257. [PMID: 36866365 PMCID: PMC9971572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing photosynthetic capacity is widely accepted as critical to advancing crop yield. Therefore, identifying photosynthetic parameters positively related to biomass accumulation in elite cultivars is the major focus of current rice research. In this work, we assessed leaf photosynthetic performance, canopy photosynthesis, and yield attributes of super hybrid rice cultivars Y-liangyou 3218 (YLY3218) and Y-liangyou 5867 (YLY5867) at tillering stage and flowering stage, using inbred super rice cultivars Zhendao11(ZD11) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ9108) as control. A diurnal canopy photosynthesis model was applied to estimate the influence of key environmental factors, canopy attributes, and canopy nitrogen status on daily aboveground biomass increment (AMDAY). Results showed that primarily the light-saturated photosynthetic rate at tillering stage contributed to the advancing yield and biomass of super hybrid rice in comparison to inbred super rice, and the light-saturated photosynthetic rate between them was similar at flowering stage. At tillering stage, the higher CO2 diffusion capacity, together with higher biochemical capacity (i.e., maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco, maximum electron transport rate (J max), and triose phosphate utilization rate) favored leaf photosynthesis of super hybrid rice. Similarly, AMDAY in super hybrid rice was higher than inbred super rice at tillering stage, and comparable at flowering stage partially due to increased canopy nitrogen concentration (SLNave) of inbred super rice. At tillering stage, model simulation revealed that replacement of J max and g m in inbred super rice by super hybrid rice always had a positive effect on AMDAY, and the averaged AMDAY increment was 5.7% and 3.4%, respectively. Simultaneously, the 20% enhancement of total canopy nitrogen concentration through the improvement of SLNave (TNC-SLNave) resulted in the highest AMDAY across cultivars, with an average increase of 11.2%. In conclusion, the advancing yield performance of YLY3218 and YLY5867 was due to the higher J max and g m at tillering stage, and TCN-SLNave is a promising target for future super rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixiao Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xusheng Meng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Center of Agricultural Green Development Promotion, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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27
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High yield with efficient nutrient use: Opportunities and challenges for wheat. iScience 2023; 26:106135. [PMID: 36994185 PMCID: PMC10040891 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding yield formation and nutrient use are essential for wheat breeding and management. This study combined 76 field trials and literature data with scenario analysis to explore the potential of high yield, nutritional quality, and nutrient efficiency in wheat production in China. Currently, the high yield is achieved with high grain N and S but low Zn concentration, and low N efficiency. To improve the grain yield by 10% in 2035, the grain number needs to increase from 31.8 to 38.5 grain spike-1, and the harvest index from 46.6% to 48.6%, with a reduction in spike number by 10%, when the grain N, Fe, Zn, and S, the nutrient removal efficiency, and the fertilizer efficiency of N, P, and K could all be increased. Our study provides strategies and ideas for promoting wheat production with high nutritional quality and high nutrient efficiency in China and other countries.
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28
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Liu W, Liu L, Yan R, Gao J, Wu S, Liu Y. A comprehensive meta-analysis of the impacts of intensified drought and elevated CO 2 on forage growth. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116885. [PMID: 36455442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Forage crops are used worldwide as key feed sources for dairy systems. However, their productivity and quality are limited due to intensified drought events, elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), and their interaction with climate change, with consequences for the security of animal husbandry and the agricultural economy. Although studies have quantified the impacts of such stresses on forage growth, these impacts have been less systematically investigated in a global context due to differences among various forage groups, regional microclimates, and environmental factors. Herein we employed nine forage growth-related variables involving three perspectives, i.e., photosynthetic parameters, production, and quality, from research articles published between 1990 and 2021 via a meta-analysis. A linear mixed-effect model was then used to explore the quantitative relationship between these factors in a restricted dataset. Decreasing trends in all four photosynthetic parameters were detected across different eco-geographical regions with increasing drought stress. The maximum decrease in DMY occurred in the Mediterranean, with 52.8% under drought conditions. Globally, eCO2 significantly increased photosynthetic rate (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) by 40.8% and 62.1%, respectively, which also had positive effects on forage dry matter yield (DMY) (+25.1%), especially for forage in Northern Europe. However, this stress would significantly decrease forage quality by decreasing crude protein (CP) (-19.7%) and nitrogen content (N content) (-13.5%). These negative impacts would be aggravated under the co-occurrence of drought and eCO2, including a significant increase in WUEi (+111.1%) and a decrease in DMY (-12.3%). Gramineae showed a more sensitive response to drought stress in photosynthetic parameters and DMY than Leguminosae, but the latter exhibited a better response in photosynthetic parameters and production under eCO2. Our analysis provides a consensus concerning how the growth parameters of forage have changed under environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lulu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Rui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiangbo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shaohong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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29
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Pearce FG, Brunke JE. Is now the time for a Rubiscuit or Ruburger? Increased interest in Rubisco as a food protein. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:627-637. [PMID: 36260435 PMCID: PMC9833043 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Much of the research on Rubisco aims at increasing crop yields, with the ultimate aim of increasing plant production to feed an increasing global population. However, since the identification of Rubisco as the most abundant protein in leaf material, it has also been touted as a direct source of dietary protein. The nutritional and functional properties of Rubisco are on a par with those of many animal proteins, and are superior to those of many other plant proteins. Purified Rubisco isolates are easily digestible, nutritionally complete, and have excellent foaming, gelling, and emulsifying properties. Despite this potential, challenges in efficiently extracting and separating Rubisco have limited its use as a global foodstuff. Leaves are lower in protein than seeds, requiring large amounts of biomass to be processed. This material normally needs to be processed quickly to avoid degradation of the final product. Extraction of Rubisco from the plant material requires breaking down the cell walls and rupturing the chloroplast. In order to obtain high-quality protein, Rubisco needs to be separated from chlorophyll, and then concentrated for final use. However, with increased consumer demand for plant protein, there is increased interest in the potential of leaf protein, and many commercial plants are now being established aimed at producing Rubisco as a food protein, with over US$60 million of funding invested in the past 5 years. Is now the time for increased use of Rubisco in food production as a nitrogen source, rather than just providing a carbon source?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel E Brunke
- Biomolecular Interactions Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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30
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Murugan M, Alagupalamuthirsolai M, Ashokkumar K, Anandhi A, Ravi R, Rajangam J, Dhanya MK, Krishnamurthy KS. Climate change scenarios, their impacts and implications on Indian cardamom-coffee hot spots; one of the two in the world. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1057617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated climatic parameters and predicted future changes in precipitation and atmospheric temperature levels based on RCP4. 5/8.5 scenarios in all cardamom-coffee hot spots of southern India. Our results showed more precipitation levels and patterns occurred in Cardamom hills (Kerala), followed by lower Puleny hills in Tamil Nadu. The least variation in precipitation levels has been noticed for temperate upper Puleny hills and Kodagu hills in Karnataka. RCP4.5/8.5 scenario analysis showed greater variability in precipitation, up to 180% increase and 90% decrease for all hot sports. The scenario analysis also predicted extreme temperature variations ranging from 0.5 to 8.5°C increase for the entire study region. A significant change in coffee yield and quality has been recorded over the last 30 years. Increased yield trends in coffee were noticed for Cardamom hills (CH) and Kodagu hills, but significantly lower coffee production was observed for lower Pulney hills. The mixed response of yield variability in coffee has been primarily attributed to the ongoing changing climatic factors. Ecophysiological studies of coffee, cardamom, and black pepper have proved that coffee would adapt well to future challenging climatic conditions, closely followed by cardamom and black pepper. Since all the coffee-cardamom hot spots in southern India undergoes considerable change in precipitation levels and pattern, necessary precautions, including water and irrigation management strategies, must be given utmost priority to increase the crop yield sustainability of these delicate cardamom-coffee hot spots in India.
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Lal MK, Sharma N, Adavi SB, Sharma E, Altaf MA, Tiwari RK, Kumar R, Kumar A, Dey A, Paul V, Singh B, Singh MP. From source to sink: mechanistic insight of photoassimilates synthesis and partitioning under high temperature and elevated [CO 2]. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:305-324. [PMID: 35610527 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the vital metabolism of the plant affected by abiotic stress such as high temperature and elevated [CO2] levels, which ultimately affect the source-sink relationship. Triose phosphate, the primary precursor of carbohydrate (starch and sucrose) synthesis in the plant, depends on environmental cues. The synthesis of starch in the chloroplasts of leaves (during the day), the transport of photoassimilates (sucrose) from source to sink, the loading and unloading of photoassimilates, and the accumulation of starch in the sink tissue all require a highly regulated network and communication system within the plant. These processes might be affected by high-temperature stress and elevated [CO2] conditions. Generally, elevated [CO2] levels enhance plant growth, photosynthetic rate, starch synthesis, and accumulation, ultimately diluting the nutrient of sink tissues. On the contrary, high-temperature stress is detrimental to plant development affecting photosynthesis, starch synthesis, sucrose synthesis and transport, and photoassimilate accumulation in sink tissues. Moreover, these environmental conditions also negatively impact the quality attributes such as grain/tuber quality, cooking quality, nutritional status in the edible parts and organoleptic traits. In this review, we have attempted to provide an insight into the source-sink relationship and the sugar metabolites synthesized and utilized by the plant under elevated [CO2] and high-temperature stress. This review will help future researchers comprehend the source-sink process for crop growth under changing climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Dr Yashwant, Singh Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Sandeep B Adavi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | | | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Vijay Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Zhang W, Wang B, Zhang A, Zhou Q, Li Y, Li L, Ma S, Fan Y, Huang Z. Exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine enhances waterlogging and shading tolerance after anthesis by improving grain starch accumulation and grain filling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003920. [PMID: 36388481 PMCID: PMC9647130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, the area of wheat affected by continuous cloudy rainfall is increasing, with waterlogging becoming a major limiting factor of wheat yield. To alleviate the effect, spraying exogenous plant growth regulators is often used. In this study, two wheat cultivars, waterlogging-tolerant Yangmai 18 and waterlogging-sensitive Sumai 188, were selected for waterlogging and shading (WS) after anthesis for 7, 11, and 15 days respectively. Three concentrations of 6-benzylaminoadenine (6-BA) solution (15, 25, and 35 mg·L-1) were sprayed after WS treatment and water was sprayed as the control. Then, the effect of spraying 6-BA on photosynthetic characteristics, starch content, grain filling characteristics, and yield was explored under artificially stimulated continuous cloudy rainfall during anthesis. Compared with the control, the application of 6-BA caused a significant increase in grain plumpness throughout grain filling, as well as increases in the net photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (G s), and transpiration rate (T r), and a significant decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) of the flag leaves, all of which enhanced the photosynthetic capacity. The content of total starch, amylose, and amylopectin in the grains also increased significantly compared with the control. After WS for 15 days, the starch content increased by 3.81%-11.41% compared with the control. Spraying 6-BA also prolonged grain filling, increased the average grain filling rate, and significantly increased the 1000-grain weight and yield. The thousand-grain weight increased by 5.06%-43.28%, and wheat yield increased by 8.93%-64.27% after spraying 25 mg·L-1 of the 6-BA solution. These findings suggest that the application of 6-BA after WS stress could significantly improve the photosynthetic performance, which is propitious to the accumulation and transport of photosynthetic products after anthesis. Besides, spraying 6-BA can also increase the duration and rate of grain filling and starch accumulation content and improve grain weight, thereby alleviating the adverse effects of WS on wheat yield. Overall, spraying 25 mg·L-1 of the 6-BA solution had an optimal effect. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of cultivation techniques and measures aimed at alleviating damage caused by continuous rainfall during wheat anthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Anmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qirui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shangyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yonghui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenglai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Abdullah-Zawawi MR, Govender N, Harun S, Muhammad NAN, Zainal Z, Mohamed-Hussein ZA. Multi-Omics Approaches and Resources for Systems-Level Gene Function Prediction in the Plant Kingdom. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2614. [PMID: 36235479 PMCID: PMC9573505 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the complexity of a system and the components within and among species are rapidly dissected by omics technologies. Multi-omics datasets are integrated to infer and enable a comprehensive understanding of the life processes of organisms of interest. Further, growing open-source datasets coupled with the emergence of high-performance computing and development of computational tools for biological sciences have assisted in silico functional prediction of unknown genes, proteins and metabolites, otherwise known as uncharacterized. The systems biology approach includes data collection and filtration, system modelling, experimentation and the establishment of new hypotheses for experimental validation. Informatics technologies add meaningful sense to the output generated by complex bioinformatics algorithms, which are now freely available in a user-friendly graphical user interface. These resources accentuate gene function prediction at a relatively minimal cost and effort. Herein, we present a comprehensive view of relevant approaches available for system-level gene function prediction in the plant kingdom. Together, the most recent applications and sought-after principles for gene mining are discussed to benefit the plant research community. A realistic tabulation of plant genomic resources is included for a less laborious and accurate candidate gene discovery in basic plant research and improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad-Redha Abdullah-Zawawi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nisha Govender
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Sarahani Harun
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Gohar S, Sajjad M, Zulfiqar S, Liu J, Wu J, Rahman MU. Domestication of newly evolved hexaploid wheat—A journey of wild grass to cultivated wheat. Front Genet 2022; 13:1022931. [PMID: 36263418 PMCID: PMC9574122 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestication of wheat started with the dawn of human civilization. Since then, improvement in various traits including resistance to diseases, insect pests, saline and drought stresses, grain yield, and quality were improved through selections by early farmers and then planned hybridization after the discovery of Mendel’s laws. In the 1950s, genetic variability was created using mutagens followed by the selection of superior mutants. Over the last 3 decades, research was focused on developing superior hybrids, initiating marker-assisted selection and targeted breeding, and developing genetically modified wheat to improve the grain yield, tolerance to drought, salinity, terminal heat and herbicide, and nutritive quality. Acceptability of genetically modified wheat by the end-user remained a major hurdle in releasing into the environment. Since the beginning of the 21st century, changing environmental conditions proved detrimental to achieving sustainability in wheat production particularly in developing countries. It is suggested that high-tech phenotyping assays and genomic procedures together with speed breeding procedures will be instrumental in achieving food security beyond 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Gohar
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zulfiqar
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jiajun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jiajie Wu, ; Mehboob-ur- Rahman,
| | - Mehboob-ur- Rahman
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Jiajie Wu, ; Mehboob-ur- Rahman,
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Li Y, Tao F, Hao Y, Tong J, Xiao Y, He Z, Reynolds M. Wheat traits and the associated loci conferring radiation use efficiency. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:565-582. [PMID: 36004546 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) radiation use efficiency (RUE) must be raised through crop breeding to further increase the yield potential, as the harvest index is now close to its theoretical limit. Field experiments including 209 wheat cultivars which have been widely cultivated in China since the 1940s were conducted in two growing seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) to evaluate the variations of phenological, physiological, plant architectural, and yield-related traits and their contributions to RUE and to identify limiting factors for wheat yield potential. The average annual genetic gain in grain yield was 0.60% (or 45.32 kg ha-1 year-1 ; R2 = 0.44, P < 0.01), mainly attributed to the gain in RUE (r = 0.85, P < 0.01). The net photosynthetic rates were positively and closely correlated with grain RUE and grain yield, suggesting source as a limiting factor to future yield gains. Thirty-four cultivars were identified, exhibiting not only high RUE, but also traits contributing to high RUE and 11 other critical traits - of known genetic basis - as potential parents for breeding to improve yield and RUE. Our findings reveal wheat traits and the associated loci conferring RUE, which are valuable for facilitating marker-assisted breeding to improve wheat RUE and yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fulu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingyang Tong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yonggui Xiao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
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Haworth M, Marino G, Loreto F, Centritto M. The evolution of diffusive and biochemical capacities for photosynthesis was predominantly shaped by [CO 2] with a smaller contribution from [O 2]. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156606. [PMID: 35691351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) and oxygen ([O2]) directly influence rates of photosynthesis (PN) and photorespiration (RPR) through the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO). Levels of [CO2] and [O2] have varied over Earth history affecting rates of both CO2 uptake and loss, alongside associated transpirative water-loss. The availability of CO2 has likely acted as a stronger selective pressure than [O2] due to the greater specificity of RubisCO for CO2. The role of [O2], and the interaction of [O2] and [CO2], in plant evolutionary history is less understood. We exposed twelve phylogenetically diverse species to combinations of sub-ambient, ambient and super-ambient [O2] and [CO2] to examine the biochemical and diffusive components of PN and the possible role of [O2] as a selective pressure. Photosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity and stomatal, mesophyll and total conductance to CO2 were higher in the derived eudicot and monocot angiosperms than the more basal ferns, gymnosperms and basal angiosperms which originated in atmospheres characterised by higher CO2:O2 ratios. The ratio of RPR:PN was lower in the monocots, consistent with greater carboxylation capacity and higher stomatal and mesophyll conductance making easier CO2 delivery to chloroplasts. The effect of [O2] and [CO2] on PN/RPR was less evident in more derived species with a higher conductance to CO2. The effect of [O2] was less apparent at high [CO2], suggesting that atmospheric [O2] may only have exerted a strong selective pressure on plant photosynthetic processes during periods characterised by low atmospheric CO2:O2 ratios. Current rising [CO2] will predominantly enhance PN rates in species with low diffusive conductance to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Haworth
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR - IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Marino
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR - IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR - IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; ENI-CNR Water Research Centre "Hypatia of Alexandria", Research Centre Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto, Italy
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Zhang X, Du S, Xu Y, Qiao Y, Cao C, Li W. Response of Canopy Photosynthesis, Grain Quality, and Harvest Index of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Application Methods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2328. [PMID: 36145729 PMCID: PMC9504272 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To fully explore the effects of N on enhancing photosynthesis, grain quality, and yield of wheat (Ningmai 13), experiments with four nitrogen levels 0 (N0), 120 (N1), 180 (N2), and 240 (N3) kg N ha−1 and four ratios of basal to topdressing R0 (0:0), R1 (7:3), R2 (6:4), and R3 (5:5) were conducted. The basal N was applied to soil before sowing and the topdressing N was applied at jointing stage. The effect of N topdressing ratio on improving leaf area of photosynthetic efficiency was insignificant under the same N level. The effect of N fertilization level on increasing chlorophyll content was more significant than that of N topdressing ratio. Within the same N level, the canopy photosynthetically active radiation in R2 was higher than that in R1 and R3, and increasing N by 60 kg ha−1 significantly enhanced canopy photosynthetically active radiation. The effect of N topdressing ratio on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were consistently R2 > R3 > R1; compared to N1, N3 could significantly increase photosynthetic rate. Increasing 120 kg N ha−1 significantly enhanced grain protein content, wet gluten, and sedimentation value, while the effect of N topdressing ratio was insignificant. Increasing N dose from 120 kg ha−1 to 180 kg ha−1 significantly enhanced yield, and the yields and harvest indexes in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were consistently R2 > R3 > R1. The findings suggested that the effect of increasing N dose (60 kg ha−1) was more considerable than that of N topdressing ratio, N3R2 (within the range of N application in this experiment) was more conducive to improving canopy photosynthesis, yield, and harvest index, and R3 was more conducive to increasing grain protein content, wet gluten, and sedimentation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Zhang
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shizhou Du
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yunji Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuqiang Qiao
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chengfu Cao
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wei Li
- Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, China
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Silva-Perez V, Shunmugam ASK, Rao S, Cossani CM, Tefera AT, Fitzgerald GJ, Armstrong R, Rosewarne GM. Breeding has selected for architectural and photosynthetic traits in lentils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:925987. [PMID: 36092438 PMCID: PMC9453451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic progress in seed yield in lentils (Lens culinaris Medik) has increased by 1.1% per year in Australia over the past 27 years. Knowing which plant traits have changed through breeding during this time can give important insights as to how lentil yield has increased. This study aims to identify morphological and physiological traits that were directly or indirectly selected between 1993 and 2020 in the Australian lentil breeding program using 2 years of experimental data. Major changes occurred in plant architecture during this period. Divergent selection has seen the release of varieties that have sprawling to very upright types of canopies. Despite this genetic diversity in recently released varieties, there is an overall tendency of recently released varieties having increased plant height and leaf size with reduced number of branches. Increased light interception was positively correlated with year of release (YOR) and yield, and likely results from indirect selection of yield and taller plant types. There is an indication that recently released varieties have lower CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and canopy temperature depression (CTD) at high ambient temperatures (~30°C). Understanding lentil physiology will assist in identifying traits to increase yield in a changing climate with extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C. Mariano Cossani
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, South Australian Research and Development Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | | | - Glenn J. Fitzgerald
- Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger Armstrong
- Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, VIC, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zhang X, Hua Y, Liu Y, He M, Ju Z, Dai X. Wide belt sowing improves the grain yield of bread wheat by maintaining grain weight at the backdrop of increases in spike number. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992772. [PMID: 36061798 PMCID: PMC9433909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the seeding belt width from 2 to 3 cm (conventional drilling sowing, CD) to 8-10 cm (wide belt sowing, WB) can markedly improve the grain yield of bread wheat. However, there are insufficient data to explain how WB affects dry matter (DM) remobilization, pre- and post-anthesis production, and ultimately grain weight and grain yield. In the present study, four bread wheat cultivars (Jimai44, Taishan27, Gaoyou5766, and Zhouyuan9369) with similar phenology characteristic were selected as experimental materials and two sowing patterns (CD and WB) were applied during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons, to investigate the effects of sowing pattern on grain yield and its components of bread wheat. The results showed that WB increased the post-anthesis rate of canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) in comparison with CD, by 19.73-133.68%, across the two seasons and four bread wheat cultivars. Furthermore, WB significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and decreased the malondialdehyde content of the flag and penultimate leaf, thereby extending the duration of the high-value CAP period by 1.95-2.51 days. The improved rate and duration of CAP in WB led to an increase in post-anthesis DM production of 13.33-23.58%, thus ensuring DM distribution to the grain of each bread wheat cultivar. Consequently, in WB, the grain weight was maintained, the grain yield was increased markedly by 9.65-15.80%, at the backdrop of increases in spike number and in turn grain number per unit area. In summary, WB could be applied widely to obtain a high yield of bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yifan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yunjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Mingrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zhengchun Ju
- Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
| | - Xinglong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of Affairs, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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40
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Ruiz-Vera UM, Acevedo-Siaca LG, Brown KL, Afamefule C, Gherli H, Simkin AJ, Long SP, Lawson T, Raines CA. Field-grown ictB tobacco transformants show no difference in photosynthetic efficiency for biomass relative to the wild type. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4897-4907. [PMID: 35561330 PMCID: PMC9366323 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four tobacco transformants overexpressing the inorganic carbon transporter B gene (ictB) were screened for photosynthetic performance relative to the wild type (WT) in field-based conditions. The WT and transgenic tobacco plants were evaluated for photosynthetic performance to determine the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vc, max), maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax), the photosynthetic compensation point (Γ*), quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), and mesophyll conductance (gm). Additionally, all plants were harvested to compare differences in above-ground biomass. Overall, transformants did not perform better than the WT on photosynthesis-, biomass-, and leaf composition-related traits. This is in contrast to previous studies that have suggested significant increases in photosynthesis and yield with the overexpression of ictB, although not widely evaluated under field conditions. These findings suggest that the benefit of ictB is not universal and may only be seen under certain growth conditions. While there is certainly still potential benefit to utilizing ictB in the future, further effort must be concentrated on understanding the underlying function of the gene and in which environmental conditions it offers the greatest benefit to crop performance. As it stands at present, it is possible that ictB overexpression may be largely favorable in controlled environments, such as greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula M Ruiz-Vera
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
- Bayer CropScience LLC, Bayer Marana Greenhouse, 9475 N Sanders Rd, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Liana G Acevedo-Siaca
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México-Veracruz, El Batán Km. 45, Mexico
| | - Kenny L Brown
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
- N2 Applied AS, Hagaløkkveien 7, 1383 Asker, Norway
| | - Chidi Afamefule
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Hussein Gherli
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- Crop Science and Production Systems, NIAB-EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent, UK
| | - Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Christine A Raines
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
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Li Y, Yu C, Mo R, Zhu Z, Dong Z, Hu X, Deng W, Zhuang C. Screening and Verification of Photosynthesis and Chloroplast-Related Genes in Mulberry by Comparative RNA-Seq and Virus-Induced Gene Silencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158620. [PMID: 35955752 PMCID: PMC9368790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is one of the most important factors in mulberry growth and production. To study the photosynthetic regulatory network of mulberry we sequenced the transcriptomes of two high-yielding (E1 and E2) and one low-yielding (H32) mulberry genotypes at two-time points (10:00 and 12:00). Re-annotation of the mulberry genome based on the transcriptome sequencing data identified 22,664 high-quality protein-coding genes with a BUSCO-assessed completeness of 93.4%. A total of 6587 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the transcriptome analysis. Functional annotation and enrichment revealed 142 out of 6587 genes involved in the photosynthetic pathway and chloroplast development. Moreover, 3 out of 142 genes were further examined using the VIGS technique; the leaves of MaCLA1- and MaTHIC-silenced plants were markedly yellowed or even white, and the leaves of MaPKP2-silenced plants showed a wrinkled appearance. The expression levels of the ensiled plants were reduced, and the levels of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were lower than those of the control plants. Co-expression analysis showed that MaCLA1 was co-expressed with CHUP1 and YSL3; MaTHIC was co-expressed with MaHSP70, MaFLN1, and MaEMB2794; MaPKP2 was mainly co-expressed with GH9B7, GH3.1, and EDA9. Protein interaction network prediction revealed that MaCLA1 was associated with RPE, TRA2, GPS1, and DXR proteins; MaTHIC was associated with TH1, PUR5, BIO2, and THI1; MaPKP2 was associated with ENOC, LOS2, and PGI1. This study offers a useful resource for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in mulberry photosynthesis and preliminary insight into the regulatory network of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Cui Yu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Rongli Mo
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhixian Zhu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhaoxia Dong
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xingming Hu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Wen Deng
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (W.D.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-87106001 (W.D.); +86-20-85288399 (C.Z.)
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: (W.D.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-87106001 (W.D.); +86-20-85288399 (C.Z.)
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Zheng X, Yu Z, Yu F, Shi Y. Grain-filling characteristics and yield formation of wheat in two different soil fertility fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:932821. [PMID: 35968109 PMCID: PMC9364837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.932821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying factors that underpinning the variation in wheat yield components between high and middle soil fertility fields is critical to increase grain production and narrow yield gap for smallholder farming systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3HP), which characterized by a large variation in soil fertility. Two-year field experiments were conducted to investigate wheat tillering, leaf photosynthesis, and grain filling characteristics in different soil fertility fields: high soil fertility field (HF) and middle soil fertility field (MF). Results showed that the spike formation rate in HF was 12.7%-13.0% higher than that in MF, leading to an 18.0%-19.8% increase in spike number. In addition, HF improved canopy light interception and leaf photosynthesis characteristics after anthesis and delayed leaf senescence, contributing to the increase in both the active grain filling period and grain filling rate. This resulted in a higher 1,000 grain weight in HF, which was 8.2%-8.3% higher than that in MF. Compared to MF, HF obtained higher yields at 9,840 kg ha-1 in 2017/18 and 11,462 kg ha-1 in 2018/19, respectively. In summary, higher spike number and 1,000-grain weight, which were mediated by spike-formation rate, maximization of light interception and improved leaf photosynthesis. These results would have important implications for narrowing yield gap between MF and HF in the 3HP.
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Chang TG, Shi Z, Zhao H, Song Q, He Z, Van Rie J, Den Boer B, Galle A, Zhu XG. 3dCAP-Wheat: An Open-Source Comprehensive Computational Framework Precisely Quantifies Wheat Foliar, Nonfoliar, and Canopy Photosynthesis. PLANT PHENOMICS 2022; 2022:9758148. [PMID: 36059602 PMCID: PMC9394111 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9758148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Canopy photosynthesis is the sum of photosynthesis of all above-ground photosynthetic tissues. Quantitative roles of nonfoliar tissues in canopy photosynthesis remain elusive due to methodology limitations. Here, we develop the first complete canopy photosynthesis model incorporating all above-ground photosynthetic tissues and validate this model on wheat with state-of-the-art gas exchange measurement facilities. The new model precisely predicts wheat canopy gas exchange rates at different growth stages, weather conditions, and canopy architectural perturbations. Using the model, we systematically study (1) the contribution of both foliar and nonfoliar tissues to wheat canopy photosynthesis and (2) the responses of wheat canopy photosynthesis to plant physiological and architectural changes. We found that (1) at tillering, heading, and milking stages, nonfoliar tissues can contribute ~4, ~32, and ~50% of daily gross canopy photosynthesis (Acgross; ~2, ~15, and ~-13% of daily net canopy photosynthesis, Acnet) and absorb ~6, ~42, and ~60% of total light, respectively; (2) under favorable condition, increasing spike photosynthetic activity, rather than enlarging spike size or awn size, can enhance canopy photosynthesis; (3) covariation in tissue respiratory rate and photosynthetic rate may be a major factor responsible for less than expected increase in daily Acnet; and (4) in general, erect leaves, lower spike position, shorter plant height, and proper plant densities can benefit daily Acnet. Overall, the model, together with the facilities for quantifying plant architecture and tissue gas exchange, provides an integrated platform to study canopy photosynthesis and support rational design of photosynthetically efficient wheat crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Gen Chang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zai Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Honglong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingfeng Song
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Insitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jeroen Van Rie
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bart Den Boer
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Galle
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Feng Y, Nguyen TH, Alam MS, Emberson L, Gaiser T, Ewert F, Frei M. Identifying and modelling key physiological traits that confer tolerance or sensitivity to ozone in winter wheat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119251. [PMID: 35390418 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone threatens crop production in many parts of the world, especially in highly populated countries in economic transition. Crop models suggest substantial global yield losses for wheat, but typically such models fail to address differences in ozone responses between tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify physiological traits contributing to yield losses or yield stability under ozone stress in 18 contrasting wheat cultivars that had been pre-selected from a larger wheat population with known ozone tolerance. Plants were exposed to season-long ozone fumigation in open-top chambers at an average ozone concentration of 70 ppb with three additional acute ozone episodes of around 150 ppb. Compared to control conditions, average yield loss was 18.7 percent, but large genotypic variation was observed ranging from 2.7 to 44.6 percent. Foliar chlorophyll content represented by normalized difference vegetation index and net CO2 assimilation rate of young leaves during grain filling were the physiological traits most strongly correlated with grain yield losses or stability. Accumulative effects of chronic ozone exposure on photosynthesis were more detrimental for grain yield than instantaneous effects of acute ozone shocks, or accelerated senescence of older leaves represented by changes in the ratio of brown leaf area/green leaf area index. We used experimental data of two selected tolerant or sensitive varieties, respectively, to parametrize the LINTULCC2 crop model expanded with an ozone response routine. By specifying parameters representing the distinct physiological responses of contrasting genotypes, we simulated yield losses of 7 percent (tolerant) or 33 percent (sensitive). By considering genotypic differences in ozone response models, this study helps to improve the accuracy of simulation studies, estimate the effects of adaptive breeding, and identify physiological traits for the breeding of ozone tolerant wheat varieties that could deliver stable yields despite ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thuy Huu Nguyen
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Environment and Geography Department, University of York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Thomas Gaiser
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Ewert
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
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Merrium S, Ali Z, Tahir MHN, Habib-Ur-Rahman M, Hakeem S. Leaf rolling dynamics for atmospheric moisture harvesting in wheat plant as an adaptation to arid environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48995-49006. [PMID: 35212894 PMCID: PMC9252964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant species surviving in the arid regions have developed novel leaf features to harvest atmospheric water. Before the collected water evaporates, it is absorbed and transported for storage within the tissues and move toward the root zone through the unique chemistry of leaf structures. Deep insights into such features reveal that similarities can be found in the wheat plant. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the leaf rolling dynamics among wheat genotypes and their relationships with moisture harvesting and its movement on the leaf surface. For this purpose, genotypes were characterized for leaf rolling at three distinct growth stages (tillering, booting, and spike emergence). The contact angle of leaf surface dynamics (adaxial and abaxial), water budget, and morphophysiological traits of genotypes were measured. The results indicate that leaf rolling varies from inward to twisting type among genotypes and positively affected the water use efficiency and soil moisture difference at all growth stages under normal and drought conditions. Results of wetting property (hydrophilic < 90°) of the leaf surface were positively associated with the atmospheric water collection (4-7 ml). The lower values of contact angle hysteresis (12-19°) also support this mechanism. Thus, genotypes with leaf rolling dynamics (inward rolled and twisted) and surface wettability is an efficient fog harvesting system in wheat for interception and utilization of fog water in drought-prone areas. These results can be exploited to develop self-irrigated and drought-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Merrium
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
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Yang N, Han MH, Teng RM, Yang YZ, Wang YH, Xiong AS, Zhuang J. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Photosynthetic Capacity and Related Gene Expression in A Dose-Dependent Manner in the Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126694. [PMID: 35743137 PMCID: PMC9223723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of photosynthesis of tea leaves can increase tea yield. In order to explore the regulation mechanism of exogenous melatonin (MT) on the photosynthetic characteristics of tea plants, tea variety 'Zhongcha 108' was used as the experimental material in this study. The effects of different concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mM) of melatonin on the chlorophyll (Chl) content, stomatal opening, photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and related gene expression of tea plants were detected and analyzed. The results showed that under 0.2-mM MT treatment, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr) improved, accompanied by a decrease in stomata density and increase in stomata area. Zero point two millimolar MT increased Chl fluorescence level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, indicating that MT alleviated PSII inhibition and improved photochemical efficiency. At the same time, 0.2 mM MT induced the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism to varying degrees. The study demonstrated that MT can effectively enhance the photosynthetic capacity of tea plants in a dose-dependent manner. These results may promote a comprehensive understanding of the potential regulatory mechanism of exogenous MT on photosynthesis in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Miao-Hua Han
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Rui-Min Teng
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Ya-Zhuo Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.-H.W.); (A.-S.X.)
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.-H.W.); (A.-S.X.)
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Ouyang X, Zhong X, Chang S, Qian Q, Zhang Y, Zhu X. Partially functional NARROW LEAF1 balances leaf photosynthesis and plant architecture for greater rice yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:772-789. [PMID: 35377451 PMCID: PMC9157069 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
NARROW LEAF1 (NAL1) is an elite gene in rice (Oryza sativa), given its close connection to leaf photosynthesis, hybrid vigor, and yield-related agronomic traits; however, the underlying mechanism by which this gene affects these traits remains elusive. In this study, we systematically measured leaf photosynthetic parameters, leaf anatomical parameters, architectural parameters, and agronomic traits in indica cultivar 9311, in 9311 with the native NAL1 replaced by the Nipponbare NAL1 (9311-NIL), and in 9311 with the NAL1 fully mutated (9311-nal1). Leaf length, width, and spikelet number gradually increased from lowest to highest in 9311-nal1, 9311, and 9311-NIL. In contrast, the leaf photosynthetic rate on a leaf area basis, leaf thickness, and panicle number gradually decreased from highest to lowest in 9311-nal1, 9311, and 9311-NIL. RNA-seq analysis showed that NAL1 negatively regulates the expression of photosynthesis-related genes; NAL1 also influenced expression of many genes related to phytohormone signaling, as also shown by different leaf contents of 3-Indoleacetic acid, jasmonic acid, Gibberellin A3, and isopentenyladenine among these genotypes. Furthermore, field experiments with different planting densities showed that 9311 had a larger biomass and yield advantage under low planting density compared to either 9311-NIL or 9311-nall. This study shows both direct and indirect effects of NAL1 on leaf photosynthesis; furthermore, we show that a partially functional NAL1 allele helps maintain a balanced leaf photosynthesis and plant architecture for increased biomass and grain yield in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center (HHRRC), Changsha 410125, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center (HHRRC), Changsha 410125, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuoqi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center (HHRRC), Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center (HHRRC), Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xinguang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Montes CM, Fox C, Sanz-Sáez Á, Serbin SP, Kumagai E, Krause MD, Xavier A, Specht JE, Beavis WD, Bernacchi CJ, Diers BW, Ainsworth EA. High-throughput characterization, correlation, and mapping of leaf photosynthetic and functional traits in the soybean (Glycine max) nested association mapping population. Genetics 2022; 221:iyac065. [PMID: 35451475 PMCID: PMC9157091 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a key target to improve crop production in many species including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A challenge is that phenotyping photosynthetic traits by traditional approaches is slow and destructive. There is proof-of-concept for leaf hyperspectral reflectance as a rapid method to model photosynthetic traits. However, the crucial step of demonstrating that hyperspectral approaches can be used to advance understanding of the genetic architecture of photosynthetic traits is untested. To address this challenge, we used full-range (500-2,400 nm) leaf reflectance spectroscopy to build partial least squares regression models to estimate leaf traits, including the rate-limiting processes of photosynthesis, maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate, and maximum electron transport. In total, 11 models were produced from a diverse population of soybean sampled over multiple field seasons to estimate photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content, leaf carbon and leaf nitrogen percentage, and specific leaf area (with R2 from 0.56 to 0.96 and root mean square error approximately <10% of the range of calibration data). We explore the utility of these models by applying them to the soybean nested association mapping population, which showed variability in photosynthetic and leaf traits. Genetic mapping provided insights into the underlying genetic architecture of photosynthetic traits and potential improvement in soybean. Notably, the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate mapped to a region of chromosome 19 containing genes encoding multiple small subunits of Rubisco. We also mapped the maximum electron transport rate to a region of chromosome 10 containing a fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase gene, encoding an important enzyme in the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and the sucrose biosynthetic pathway. The estimated rate-limiting steps of photosynthesis were low or negatively correlated with yield suggesting that these traits are not influenced by the same genetic mechanisms and are not limiting yield in the soybean NAM population. Leaf carbon percentage, leaf nitrogen percentage, and specific leaf area showed strong correlations with yield and may be of interest in breeding programs as a proxy for yield. This work is among the first to use hyperspectral reflectance to model and map the genetic architecture of the rate-limiting steps of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn Fox
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Álvaro Sanz-Sáez
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Etsushi Kumagai
- Institute of Agro-environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Matheus D Krause
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alencar Xavier
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Corteva Agrisciences, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - James E Specht
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - William D Beavis
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Carl J Bernacchi
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian W Diers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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49
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Sakoda K, Adachi S, Yamori W, Tanaka Y. Towards improved dynamic photosynthesis in C3 crops by utilizing natural genetic variation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3109-3121. [PMID: 35298629 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Under field environments, fluctuating light conditions induce dynamic photosynthesis, which affects carbon gain by crop plants. Elucidating the natural genetic variations among untapped germplasm resources and their underlying mechanisms can provide an effective strategy to improve dynamic photosynthesis and, ultimately, improve crop yields through molecular breeding approaches. In this review, we first overview two processes affecting dynamic photosynthesis, namely (i) biochemical processes associated with CO2 fixation and photoprotection and (ii) gas diffusion processes from the atmosphere to the chloroplast stroma. Next, we review the intra- and interspecific variations in dynamic photosynthesis in relation to each of these two processes. It is suggested that plant adaptations to different hydrological environments underlie natural genetic variation explained by gas diffusion through stomata. This emphasizes the importance of the coordination of photosynthetic and stomatal dynamics to optimize the balance between carbon gain and water use efficiency under field environments. Finally, we discuss future challenges in improving dynamic photosynthesis by utilizing natural genetic variation. The forward genetic approach supported by high-throughput phenotyping should be introduced to evaluate the effects of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions on the natural variation in dynamic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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50
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Sales CRG, Molero G, Evans JR, Taylor SH, Joynson R, Furbank RT, Hall A, Carmo-Silva E. Phenotypic variation in photosynthetic traits in wheat grown under field versus glasshouse conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3221-3237. [PMID: 35271722 PMCID: PMC9126738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of the untapped potential of photosynthesis to improve crop yields has spurred research to identify targets for breeding. The CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is characterized by a number of inefficiencies, and frequently limits carbon assimilation at the top of the canopy, representing a clear target for wheat improvement. Two bread wheat lines with similar genetic backgrounds and contrasting in vivo maximum carboxylation activity of Rubisco per unit leaf nitrogen (Vc,max,25/Narea) determined using high-throughput phenotyping methods were selected for detailed study from a panel of 80 spring wheat lines. Detailed phenotyping of photosynthetic traits in the two lines using glasshouse-grown plants showed no difference in Vc,max,25/Narea determined directly via in vivo and in vitro methods. Detailed phenotyping of glasshouse-grown plants of the 80 wheat lines also showed no correlation between photosynthetic traits measured via high-throughput phenotyping of field-grown plants. Our findings suggest that the complex interplay between traits determining crop productivity and the dynamic environments experienced by field-grown plants needs to be considered in designing strategies for effective wheat crop yield improvement when breeding for particular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Int. Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
- KWS Momont Recherche, 7 rue de Martinval, 59246 Mons-en-Pévèle, France
| | - John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ryan Joynson
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
- Limagrain Europe, CS 3911, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony Hall
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
| | - Elizabete Carmo-Silva
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Correspondence: or
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