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Pupillo P, Sparla F, Melandri BA, Trost P. The circadian night depression of photosynthesis analyzed in a herb, Pulmonaria vallarsae. Day/night quantitative relationships. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:143-153. [PMID: 36087250 PMCID: PMC9630222 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although many photosynthesis related processes are known to be controlled by the circadian system, consequent changes in photosynthetic activities are poorly understood. Photosynthesis was investigated during the daily cycle by chlorophyll fluorescence using a PAM fluorometer in Pulmonaria vallarsae subsp. apennina, an understory herb. A standard test consists of a light induction pretreatment followed by light response curve (LRC). Comparison of the major diagnostic parameters collected during day and night showed a nocturnal drop of photosynthetic responses, more evident in water-limited plants and consisting of: (i) strong reduction of flash-induced fluorescence peaks (FIP), maximum linear electron transport rate (Jmax, ETREM) and effective PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII); (ii) strong enhancement of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and (iii) little or no change in photochemical quenching qP, maximum quantum yield of linear electron transport (Φ), and shape of LRC (θ). A remarkable feature of day/night LRCs at moderate to high irradiance was their linear-parallel course in double-reciprocal plots. Photosynthesis was also monitored in plants subjected to 2-3 days of continuous darkness ("long night"). In such conditions, plants exhibited high but declining peaks of photosynthetic activity during subjective days and a low, constant value with elevated NPQ during subjective night tests. The photosynthetic parameters recorded in subjective days in artificial darkness resembled those under natural day conditions. On the basis of the evidence, we suggest a circadian component and a biochemical feedback inhibition to explain the night depression of photosynthesis in P. vallarsae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pupillo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Bruno A Melandri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Zhang N, Mattoon EM, McHargue W, Venn B, Zimmer D, Pecani K, Jeong J, Anderson CM, Chen C, Berry JC, Xia M, Tzeng SC, Becker E, Pazouki L, Evans B, Cross F, Cheng J, Czymmek KJ, Schroda M, Mühlhaus T, Zhang R. Systems-wide analysis revealed shared and unique responses to moderate and acute high temperatures in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Commun Biol 2022; 5:460. [PMID: 35562408 PMCID: PMC9106746 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different intensities of high temperatures affect the growth of photosynthetic cells in nature. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we cultivated the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under highly controlled photobioreactor conditions and revealed systems-wide shared and unique responses to 24-hour moderate (35°C) and acute (40°C) high temperatures and subsequent recovery at 25°C. We identified previously overlooked unique elements in response to moderate high temperature. Heat at 35°C transiently arrested the cell cycle followed by partial synchronization, up-regulated transcripts/proteins involved in gluconeogenesis/glyoxylate-cycle for carbon uptake and promoted growth. But 40°C disrupted cell division and growth. Both high temperatures induced photoprotection, while 40°C distorted thylakoid/pyrenoid ultrastructure, affected the carbon concentrating mechanism, and decreased photosynthetic efficiency. We demonstrated increased transcript/protein correlation during both heat treatments and hypothesize reduced post-transcriptional regulation during heat may help efficiently coordinate thermotolerance mechanisms. During recovery after both heat treatments, especially 40°C, transcripts/proteins related to DNA synthesis increased while those involved in photosynthetic light reactions decreased. We propose down-regulating photosynthetic light reactions during DNA replication benefits cell cycle resumption by reducing ROS production. Our results provide potential targets to increase thermotolerance in algae and crops. A systems-wide analysis of the single-cell green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardti reveals shared and unique responses to moderate and acute high temperatures using multiple-level investigation of transcriptomics, proteomics, cell physiology, photosynthetic parameters, and cellular ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Erin M Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Will McHargue
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | | | - David Zimmer
- TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Kresti Pecani
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Jooyeon Jeong
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Cheyenne M Anderson
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Ming Xia
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Shin-Cheng Tzeng
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Eric Becker
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Bradley Evans
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Fred Cross
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | | | | | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.
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3
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Fernández-Trijueque J, Serrato AJ, Sahrawy M. Proteomic Analyses of Thioredoxins f and m Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants Indicate Specific Functions for These Proteins in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030054. [PMID: 30832311 PMCID: PMC6466581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of plastidial thioredoxins (TRX) are present in chloroplast and the specificity versus the redundancy of their functions is currently under discussion. Several results have highlighted the fact that each TRX has a specific target protein and thus a specific function. In this study we have found that in vitro activation of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) enzyme is more efficient when f1 and f2 type thioredoxins (TRXs) are used, whilst the m3 type TRX did not have any effect. In addition, we have carried out a two-dimensional electrophoresis-gel to obtain the protein profiling analyses of the trxf1, f2, m1, m2, m3 and m4 Arabidopsis mutants. The results revealed quantitative alteration of 86 proteins and demonstrated that the lack of both the f and m type thioredoxins have diverse effects on the proteome. Interestingly, 68% of the differentially expressed proteins in trxf1 and trxf2 mutants were downregulated, whilst 75% were upregulated in trxm1, trxm2, trxm3 and trxm4 lines. The lack of TRX f1 provoked a higher number of down regulated proteins. The contrary occurred when TRX m4 was absent. Most of the differentially expressed proteins fell into the categories of metabolic processes, the Calvin–Benson cycle, photosynthesis, response to stress, hormone signalling and protein turnover. Photosynthesis, the Calvin–Benson cycle and carbon metabolism are the most affected processes. Notably, a significant set of proteins related to the answer to stress situations and hormone signalling were affected. Despite some studies being necessary to find specific target proteins, these results show signs that are suggest that the f and m type plastidial TRXs most likely have some additional specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fernández-Trijueque
- Master Diagnóstica, Avenida del Conocimiento, 100. P.T. Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio-Jesús Serrato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Mariam Sahrawy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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4
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Locke AM, Slattery RA, Ort DR. Field-grown soybean transcriptome shows diurnal patterns in photosynthesis-related processes. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00099. [PMID: 31245700 PMCID: PMC6508813 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many plant physiological processes have diurnal patterns regulated by diurnal environmental changes and circadian rhythms, but the transcriptional underpinnings of many of these cycles have not been studied in major crop species under field conditions. Here, we monitored the transcriptome of field-grown soybean (Glycine max) during daylight hours in the middle of the growing season with RNA-seq. The analysis revealed 21% of soybean genes were differentially expressed over the course of the day. Expression of some circadian-related genes in field-grown soybean differed from previously reported expression patterns measured in controlled environments. Many genes in functional groups contributing to and/or depending on photosynthesis showed differential expression, with patterns particularly evident in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway. Gene regulatory network inference also revealed seven diurnally sensitive gene nodes involved with circadian rhythm, transcription regulation, cellular processes, and water transport. This study provides a diurnal overview of the transcriptome for an economically important field-grown crop and a basis for identifying pathways that could eventually be tailored to optimize diurnal regulation of carbon gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Locke
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research UnitUSDA‐ARSRaleighNorth Carolina
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - Rebecca A. Slattery
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA‐ARSUrbanaIllinois
| | - Donald R. Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA‐ARSUrbanaIllinois
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
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5
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Dagnell M, Schmidt EE, Arnér ESJ. The A to Z of modulated cell patterning by mammalian thioredoxin reductases. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:484-496. [PMID: 29278740 PMCID: PMC5771652 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) are selenocysteine-containing proteins (selenoproteins) that propel a large number of functions through reduction of several substrates including the active site disulfide of thioredoxins (Trxs). Well-known enzymatic systems that in turn are supported by Trxs and TrxRs include deoxyribonucleotide synthesis through ribonucleotide reductase, antioxidant defense through peroxiredoxins and methionine sulfoxide reductases, and redox modulation of a number of transcription factors. Although these functions may be essential for cells due to crucial roles in maintenance of cell viability and proliferation, findings during the last decade reveal that mammals have major redundancy in their cellular reductive systems. The synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and reductive functions of GSH-dependent pathways typically act in parallel with Trx-dependent pathways, with only one of these systems often being sufficient to support viability. Importantly, this does not imply that a modulation of the Trx system will remain without consequences, even when GSH-dependent pathways remain functional. As suggested by several recent findings, the Trx system in general and the TrxRs in particular, function as key regulators of signaling pathways. In this review article we will discuss findings that collectively suggest that modulation in mammalian systems of cytosolic TrxR1 (TXNRD1) or mitochondrial TrxR2 (TXNRD2) influence cell patterning and cellular stress responses. Effects of lower activities include increased adipogenesis, insulin responsiveness, glycogen accumulation, hyperproliferation, and distorted embryonic development, while increased activities correlate with decreased proliferation and extended lifespan, as well as worse cancer prognosis. The molecular mechanisms that underlie these diverse effects, involving regulation of protein phosphorylation cascades and of key transcription factors that guide cellular differentiation pathways, will be discussed. We conclude that the selenium-dependent oxidoreductases TrxR1 and TrxR2 should be considered as key components of signaling pathways that control cell differentiation and cellular stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Dagnell
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Velez-Ramirez AI, Dünner-Planella G, Vreugdenhil D, Millenaar FF, van Ieperen W. On the induction of injury in tomato under continuous light: circadian asynchrony as the main triggering factor. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:597-611. [PMID: 32480591 DOI: 10.1071/fp16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other species, when tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are deprived of at least 8h of darkness per day, they develop a potentially lethal injury. In an effort to understand why continuous light (CL) is injurious to tomato, we tested five factors, which potentially could be responsible for triggering the injury in CL-grown tomato: (i) differences in the light spectral distribution between sunlight and artificial light, (ii) continuous light signalling, (iii) continuous supply of light for photosynthesis, (iv) continuous photo-oxidative pressure and (v) circadian asynchrony - a mismatch between the internal circadian clock frequency and the external light/dark cycles. Our results strongly suggest that continuous-light-induced injury does not result from the unnatural spectral distribution of artificial light nor from the continuity of light per se. Instead, circadian asynchrony seems to be the main factor inducing the CL-induced injury, but the mechanism is not by the earlier hypothesised circadian pattern in sensitivity for photoinhibition. Here, however, we show for the first time diurnal fluctuations in sensitivity to photoinhibition during normal photoperiods. Similarly, we also report for the first time diurnal and circadian rhythms in the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the parameter F0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron I Velez-Ramirez
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Dünner-Planella
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 658, 6700 AR Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank F Millenaar
- Monsanto Holland B.V., PO Box 1050, 2660 BB Bergschenhoek, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Ieperen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Jones MA. Interplay of Circadian Rhythms and Light in the Regulation of Photosynthesis-Derived Metabolism. PROGRESS IN BOTANY VOL. 79 2017:147-171. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/124_2017_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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8
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Sanchez SE, Kay SA. The Plant Circadian Clock: From a Simple Timekeeper to a Complex Developmental Manager. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a027748. [PMID: 27663772 PMCID: PMC5131769 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The plant circadian clock allows organisms to anticipate the predictable changes in the environment by adjusting their developmental and physiological traits. In the last few years, it was determined that responses known to be regulated by the oscillator are also able to modulate clock performance. These feedback loops and their multilayer communications create a complex web, and confer on the clock network a role that exceeds the measurement of time. In this article, we discuss the current knowledge of the wiring of the clock, including the interplay with metabolism, hormone, and stress pathways in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana We outline the importance of this system in crop agricultural traits, highlighting the identification of natural alleles that alter the pace of the timekeeper. We report evidence supporting the understanding of the circadian clock as a master regulator of plant life, and we hypothesize on its relevant role in the adaptability to the environment and the impact on the fitness of most organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Sanchez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Steve A Kay
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92093
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9
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Park HJ, Kim WY, Yun DJ. A New Insight of Salt Stress Signaling in Plant. Mol Cells 2016; 39:447-59. [PMID: 27239814 PMCID: PMC4916396 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to understand plant stress responses to salinity because irrigation-dependent salt accumulation compromises crop productivity and also to understand the mechanism through which some plants thrive under saline conditions. As mechanistic understanding has increased during the last decades, discovery-oriented approaches have begun to identify genetic determinants of salt tolerance. In addition to osmolytes, osmoprotectants, radical detoxification, ion transport systems, and changes in hormone levels and hormone-guided communications, the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway has emerged to be a major defense mechanism. However, the mechanism by which the components of the SOS pathway are integrated to ultimately orchestrate plant-wide tolerance to salinity stress remains unclear. A higher-level control mechanism has recently emerged as a result of recognizing the involvement of GIGANTEA (GI), a protein involved in maintaining the plant circadian clock and control switch in flowering. The loss of GI function confers high tolerance to salt stress via its interaction with the components of the SOS pathway. The mechanism underlying this observation indicates the association between GI and the SOS pathway and thus, given the key influence of the circadian clock and the pathway on photoperiodic flowering, the association between GI and SOS can regulate growth and stress tolerance. In this review, we will analyze the components of the SOS pathways, with emphasis on the integration of components recognized as hallmarks of a halophytic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Jinju 52828,
Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Jinju 52828,
Korea
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10
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Naranjo B, Diaz-Espejo A, Lindahl M, Cejudo FJ. Type-f thioredoxins have a role in the short-term activation of carbon metabolism and their loss affects growth under short-day conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1951-64. [PMID: 26842981 PMCID: PMC4783373 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Redox regulation plays a central role in the adaptation of chloroplast metabolism to light. Extensive biochemical analyses in vitro have identified f-type thioredoxins (Trxs) as the most important catalysts for light-dependent reduction and activation of the enzymes of the Calvin-Benson cycle. However, the precise function of type f Trxs in vivo and their impact on plant growth are still poorly known. To address this issue we have generated an Arabidopsis thaliana double knock-out mutant, termed trxf1f2, devoid of both f1 and f2 Trxs. Despite the essential function previously proposed for f-type Trxs, the visible phenotype of the trxf1f2 double mutant was virtually indistinguishable from the wild type when grown under a long-day photoperiod. However, the Trx f-deficient plants showed growth inhibition under a short-day photoperiod which was not rescued at high light intensity. The absence of f-type Trxs led to significantly lower photosynthetic electron transport rates and higher levels of non-photochemical energy quenching. Notably, the Trx f null mutant suffered from a shortage of photosystem I electron acceptors and delayed activation of carbon dioxide fixation following a dark-light transition. Two redox-regulated Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and Rubisco activase, showed retarded and incomplete reduction in the double mutant upon illumination, compared with wild-type plants. These results show that the function of f-type Trxs in the rapid activation of carbon metabolism in response to light is not entirely compensated for by additional plastid redox systems, and suggest that these Trxs have an important role in the light adjustment of photosynthetic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Naranjo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marika Lindahl
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
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11
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Henne M, König N, Triulzi T, Baroni S, Forlani F, Scheibe R, Papenbrock J. Sulfurtransferase and thioredoxin specifically interact as demonstrated by bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis and biochemical tests. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:832-43. [PMID: 26605137 PMCID: PMC4618214 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfurtransferases (Strs) and thioredoxins (Trxs) are members of large protein families. Trxs are disulfide reductases and play an important role in redox-related cellular processes. They interact with a broad range of proteins. Strs catalyze the transfer of a sulfur atom from a suitable sulfur donor to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors in vitro, but the physiological roles of these enzymes are not well defined. Several studies in different organisms demonstrate protein-protein interactions of Strs with members of the Trx family. We are interested in investigating the specificity of the interaction between Str and Trx isoforms. In order to use the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), several Str and Trx sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana were cloned into the pUC-SPYNE and pUC-SPYCE split-YFP vectors, respectively. Each couple of plasmids containing the sequences for the putative interaction partners were transformed into Arabidopsis protoplasts and screened using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Compartment- and partner-specific interactions could be observed in transformed protoplasts. Replacement of cysteine residues in the redox-active site of Trxs abolished the interaction signal. Therefore, the redox site is not only involved in the redox reaction but also responsible for the interaction with partner proteins. Biochemical assays support a specific interaction among Strs and certain Trxs. Based on the results obtained, the interaction of Strs and Trxs indicates a role of Strs in the maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Henne
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas König
- University Osnabrück, Department for Plant Physiology, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tiziana Triulzi
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sara Baroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Forlani
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Renate Scheibe
- University Osnabrück, Department for Plant Physiology, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jutta Papenbrock
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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12
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Sevilla F, Camejo D, Ortiz-Espín A, Calderón A, Lázaro JJ, Jiménez A. The thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin/sulfiredoxin system: current overview on its redox function in plants and regulation by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2945-55. [PMID: 25873657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the presence of thioredoxin (Trx), peroxiredoxin (Prx), and sulfiredoxin (Srx) has been reported as a component of a redox system involved in the control of dithiol-disulfide exchanges of target proteins, which modulate redox signalling during development and stress adaptation. Plant thiols, and specifically redox state and regulation of thiol groups of cysteinyl residues in proteins and transcription factors, are emerging as key components in the plant response to almost all stress conditions. They function in both redox sensing and signal transduction pathways. Scarce information exists on the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding Trx/Prx and on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional control exercised by these proteins on their putative targets. As another point of control, post-translational regulation of the proteins, such as S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation, is of increasing interest for its effect on protein structure and function. Special attention is given to the involvement of the Trx/Prx/Srx system and its redox state in plant signalling under stress, more specifically under abiotic stress conditions, as an important cue that influences plant yield and growth. This review focuses on the regulation of Trx and Prx through cysteine S-oxidation and/or S-nitrosylation, which affects their functionality. Some examples of redox regulation of transcription factors and Trx- and Prx-related genes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - D Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ortiz-Espín
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Lázaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, EEZ, CSIC, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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13
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Geigenberger P, Fernie AR. Metabolic control of redox and redox control of metabolism in plants. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1389-421. [PMID: 24960279 PMCID: PMC4158967 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reduction-oxidation (Redox) status operates as a major integrator of subcellular and extracellular metabolism and is simultaneously itself regulated by metabolic processes. Redox status not only dominates cellular metabolism due to the prominence of NAD(H) and NADP(H) couples in myriad metabolic reactions but also acts as an effective signal that informs the cell of the prevailing environmental conditions. After relay of this information, the cell is able to appropriately respond via a range of mechanisms, including directly affecting cellular functioning and reprogramming nuclear gene expression. RECENT ADVANCES The facile accession of Arabidopsis knockout mutants alongside the adoption of broad-scale post-genomic approaches, which are able to provide transcriptomic-, proteomic-, and metabolomic-level information alongside traditional biochemical and emerging cell biological techniques, has dramatically advanced our understanding of redox status control. This review summarizes redox status control of metabolism and the metabolic control of redox status at both cellular and subcellular levels. CRITICAL ISSUES It is becoming apparent that plastid, mitochondria, and peroxisome functions influence a wide range of processes outside of the organelles themselves. While knowledge of the network of metabolic pathways and their intraorganellar redox status regulation has increased in the last years, little is known about the interorganellar redox signals coordinating these networks. A current challenge is, therefore, synthesizing our knowledge and planning experiments that tackle redox status regulation at both inter- and intracellular levels. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Emerging tools are enabling ever-increasing spatiotemporal resolution of metabolism and imaging of redox status components. Broader application of these tools will likely greatly enhance our understanding of the interplay of redox status and metabolism as well as elucidating and characterizing signaling features thereof. We propose that such information will enable us to dissect the regulatory hierarchies that mediate the strict coupling of metabolism and redox status which, ultimately, determine plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Geigenberger
- 1 Department of Biology I, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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14
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Spoel SH, van Ooijen G. Circadian redox signaling in plant immunity and abiotic stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:3024-39. [PMID: 23941583 PMCID: PMC4038994 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Plant crops are critically important to provide quality food and bio-energy to sustain a growing human population. Circadian clocks have been shown to deliver an adaptive advantage to plants, vastly increasing biomass production by efficient anticipation to the solar cycle. Plant stress, on the other hand, whether biotic or abiotic, prevents crops from reaching maximum productivity. RECENT ADVANCES Stress is associated with fluctuations in cellular redox and increased phytohormone signaling. Recently, direct links between circadian timekeeping, redox fluctuations, and hormone signaling have been identified. A direct implication is that circadian control of cellular redox homeostasis influences how plants negate stress to ensure growth and reproduction. CRITICAL ISSUES Complex cellular biochemistry leads from perception of stress via hormone signals and formation of reactive oxygen intermediates to a physiological response. Circadian clocks and metabolic pathways intertwine to form a confusing biochemical labyrinth. Here, we aim to find order in this complex matter by reviewing current advances in our understanding of the interface between these networks. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Although the link is now clearly defined, at present a key question remains as to what extent the circadian clock modulates redox, and vice versa. Furthermore, the mechanistic basis by which the circadian clock gates redox- and hormone-mediated stress responses remains largely elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H. Spoel
- Institute for Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gerben van Ooijen
- Institute for Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- SythSys, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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15
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Yoshida K, Matsuoka Y, Hara S, Konno H, Hisabori T. Distinct Redox Behaviors of Chloroplast Thiol Enzymes and their Relationships with Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1415-25. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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16
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Sulpice R, Flis A, Ivakov AA, Apelt F, Krohn N, Encke B, Abel C, Feil R, Lunn JE, Stitt M. Arabidopsis coordinates the diurnal regulation of carbon allocation and growth across a wide range of photoperiods. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:137-55. [PMID: 24121291 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In short photoperiods, plants accumulate starch more rapidly in the light and degrade it more slowly at night, ensuring that their starch reserves last until dawn. To investigate the accompanying changes in the timing of growth, Arabidopsis was grown in a range of photoperiods and analyzed for rosette biomass, photosynthesis, respiration, ribosome abundance, polysome loading, starch, and over 40 metabolites at dawn and dusk. The data set was used to model growth rates in the daytime and night, and to identify metabolites that correlate with growth. Modeled growth rates and polysome loading were high in the daytime and at night in long photoperiods, but decreased at night in short photoperiods. Ribosome abundance was similar in all photoperiods. It is discussed how the amount of starch accumulated in the light period, the length of the night, and maintenance costs interact to constrain growth at night in short photoperiods, and alter the strategy for optimizing ribosome use. Significant correlations were found in the daytime and the night between growth rates and the levels of the sugar-signal trehalose 6-phosphate and the amino acid biosynthesis intermediate shikimate, identifying these metabolites as hubs in a network that coordinates growth with diurnal changes in the carbon supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Sulpice
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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17
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Serrato AJ, Fernández-Trijueque J, Barajas-López JDD, Chueca A, Sahrawy M. Plastid thioredoxins: a "one-for-all" redox-signaling system in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:463. [PMID: 24319449 PMCID: PMC3836485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The sessile nature of plants forces them to face an ever-changing environment instead of escape from hostile conditions as animals do. In order to overcome this survival challenge, a fine monitoring and controlling of the status of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and the general metabolism is vital for these organisms. Frequently, evolutionary plant adaptation has consisted in the appearance of multigenic families, comprising an array of enzymes, structural components, or sensing, and signaling elements, in numerous occasions with highly conserved primary sequences that sometimes make it difficult to discern between redundancy and specificity among the members of a same family. However, all this gene diversity is aimed to sort environment-derived plant signals to efficiently channel the external incoming information inducing a right physiological answer. Oxygenic photosynthesis is a powerful source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), molecules with a dual oxidative/signaling nature. In response to ROS, one of the most frequent post-translational modifications occurring in redox signaling proteins is the formation of disulfide bridges (from Cys oxidation). This review is focused on the role of plastid thioredoxins (pTRXs), proteins containing two Cys in their active site and largely known as part of the plant redox-signaling network. Several pTRXs types have been described so far, namely, TRX f, m, x, y, and z. In recent years, improvements in proteomic techniques and the study of loss-of-function mutants have enabled us to grasp the importance of TRXs for the plastid physiology. We will analyze the specific signaling function of each TRX type and discuss about the emerging role in non-photosynthetic plastids of these redox switchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Serrato
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidïn, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientïficasGranada, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Trijueque
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidïn, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientïficasGranada, Spain
| | | | - Ana Chueca
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidïn, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientïficasGranada, Spain
| | - Mariam Sahrawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidïn, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientïficasGranada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mariam Sahrawy, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidïn, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientïficas, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain e-mail:
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18
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Van Aken O, Zhang B, Law S, Narsai R, Whelan J. AtWRKY40 and AtWRKY63 modulate the expression of stress-responsive nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:254-71. [PMID: 23509177 PMCID: PMC3641207 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.215996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The expression of a variety of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins is known to adapt to changes in environmental conditions and retrograde signaling. The presence of putative WRKY transcription factor binding sites (W-boxes) in the promoters of many of these genes prompted a screen of 72 annotated WRKY factors in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome for regulators of transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins. A large-scale yeast one-hybrid screen was used to identify WRKY factors that bind the promoters of marker genes (Alternative oxidase1a, NADH dehydrogenaseB2, and the AAA ATPase Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase synthesis1), and interactions were confirmed using electromobility shift assays. Transgenic overexpression and knockout lines for 12 binding WRKY factors were generated and tested for altered expression of the marker genes during normal and stress conditions. AtWRKY40 was found to be a repressor of antimycin A-induced mitochondrial retrograde expression and high-light-induced signaling, while AtWRKY63 was identified as an activator. Genome-wide expression analysis following high-light stress in transgenic lines with perturbed AtWRKY40 and AtWRKY63 function revealed that these factors are involved in regulating stress-responsive genes encoding mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins but have little effect on more constitutively expressed genes encoding organellar proteins. Furthermore, it appears that AtWRKY40 and AtWRKY63 are particularly involved in regulating the expression of genes responding commonly to both mitochondrial and chloroplast dysfunction but not of genes responding to either mitochondrial or chloroplast perturbation. In conclusion, this study establishes the role of WRKY transcription factors in the coordination of stress-responsive genes encoding mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins.
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Thormählen I, Ruber J, von Roepenack-Lahaye E, Ehrlich SM, Massot V, Hümmer C, Tezycka J, Issakidis-Bourguet E, Geigenberger P. Inactivation of thioredoxin f1 leads to decreased light activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and altered diurnal starch turnover in leaves of Arabidopsis plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:16-29. [PMID: 22646759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast thioredoxin f (Trx f) is an important regulator of primary metabolic enzymes. However, genetic evidence for its physiological importance is largely lacking. To test the functional significance of Trx f in vivo, Arabidopsis mutants with insertions in the trx f1 gene were studied, showing a drastic decrease in Trx f leaf content. Knockout of Trx f1 led to strong attenuation in reductive light activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), the key enzyme of starch synthesis, in leaves during the day and in isolated chloroplasts, while sucrose-dependent redox activation of AGPase in darkened leaves was not affected. The decrease in light-activation of AGPase in leaves was accompanied by a decrease in starch accumulation, an increase in sucrose levels and a decrease in starch-to-sucrose ratio. Analysis of metabolite levels at the end of day shows that inhibition of starch synthesis was unlikely due to shortage of substrates or changes in allosteric effectors. Metabolite profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry pinpoints only a small number of metabolites affected, including sugars, organic acids and ethanolamine. Interestingly, metabolite data indicate carbon shortage in trx f1 mutant leaves at the end of night. Overall, results provide in planta evidence for the role played by Trx f in the light activation of AGPase and photosynthetic carbon partitioning in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Thormählen
- Department Biologie I, Metabolism Group Mass-Spectrometry Group, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
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20
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Schippers JHM, Nguyen HM, Lu D, Schmidt R, Mueller-Roeber B. ROS homeostasis during development: an evolutionary conserved strategy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3245-57. [PMID: 22842779 PMCID: PMC11114851 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The balance between cellular proliferation and differentiation is a key aspect of development in multicellular organisms. Recent studies on Arabidopsis roots revealed distinct roles for different reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these processes. Modulation of the balance between ROS in proliferating cells and elongating cells is controlled at least in part at the transcriptional level. The effect of ROS on proliferation and differentiation is not specific for plants but appears to be conserved between prokaryotic and eukaryotic life forms. The ways in which ROS is received and how it affects cellular functioning is discussed from an evolutionary point of view. The different redox-sensing mechanisms that evolved ultimately result in the activation of gene regulatory networks that control cellular fate and decision-making. This review highlights the potential common origin of ROS sensing, indicating that organisms evolved similar strategies for utilizing ROS during development, and discusses ROS as an ancient universal developmental regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos H. M. Schippers
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hung M. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dandan Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Romy Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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21
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Barajas-López JDD, Tezycka J, Travaglia CN, Serrato AJ, Chueca A, Thormählen I, Geigenberger P, Sahrawy M. Expression of the chloroplast thioredoxins f and m is linked to short-term changes in the sugar and thiol status in leaves of Pisum sativum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:4887-900. [PMID: 22791824 PMCID: PMC3427998 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) f and m are key components in the light regulation of photosynthetic metabolism via thiol-dithiol modulation in chloroplasts of leaves; however, little is known about the factors modulating the expression of these proteins. To investigate the effect of sugars as photosynthetic products on the expression of PsTRX f and m1 genes, sucrose and glucose were externally supplied to pea plants during the day. There was an increase in the mRNA levels of PsTRX f and m1 genes in response mainly to glucose. When leaf discs were incubated for up to 4h in the dark, glucose also led to an increase in both mRNA and protein levels of TRXs f and m, while sucrose had no substantial effect. Expression of PsDOF7, a carbon metabolism-related transcription factor gene, was also induced by glucose. Protein-DNA interaction showed that PsDOF7 binds specifically to the DOF core located in PsTRX f and m1 gene promoters. Transient expression in agroinfiltrated pea leaves demonstrated that PsDOF7 activated transcription of both promoters. The incubation of leaf discs in dithiotreitol (DTT) to increase the redox status led to a marked increase in the mRNA and protein levels of both TRXs within 4h. The increase in TRX protein levels occurred after 1h DTT feeding, implying a rapid effect of the thiol status on TRX f and m1 protein turnover rates, while transcriptional regulation took 3h to proceed. These results show that the protein levels of both TRXs are under short-term control of the sugar and thiol status in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Dios Barajas-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasC/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
- Present address: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Justyna Tezycka
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biology IGrosshaderner Str. 2–4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Claudia N. Travaglia
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Campus Universitario5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Antonio Jesús Serrato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasC/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Chueca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasC/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ina Thormählen
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biology IGrosshaderner Str. 2–4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biology IGrosshaderner Str. 2–4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mariam Sahrawy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasC/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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22
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Farré EM, Weise SE. The interactions between the circadian clock and primary metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:293-300. [PMID: 22305520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary metabolism in plants is tightly regulated by environmental factors such as light and nutrient availability at multiple levels. The circadian clock is a self-sustained endogenous oscillator that enables organisms to predict daily and seasonal changes. The regulation of primary metabolism by the circadian clock has been proposed to explain the importance of circadian rhythms in plant growth and survival. Recent transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicate a wide spread circadian regulation of different metabolic processes. We review evidence of circadian regulation of pathways in primary metabolism, discuss the challenges faced for discerning the mechanisms regulating circadian metabolic oscillations and present recent evidence of regulation of the circadian clock by metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Farré
- Michigan State University, Department of Plant Biology, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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23
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Fernández-Trijueque J, Barajas-López JDD, Chueca A, Cazalis R, Sahrawy M, Serrato AJ. Plastid thioredoxins f and m are related to the developing and salinity response of post-germinating seeds of Pisum sativum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 188-189:82-8. [PMID: 22525247 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastid thioredoxins (TRXs) f and m have long been considered to regulate almost exclusively photosynthesis-related processes. Nonetheless, some years ago, we found that type-f and m TRXs were also present in non-photosynthetic organs such as roots and flowers of adult pea plants. In the present work, using pea seedlings 2-5 days old, we have determined the mRNA expression profile of the plastid PsTRX f, m1, and m2, together with the ferredoxin NADP reductase (FNR). Our results show that these TRX isoforms are expressed in cotyledons, underlying similar expression levels in roots for PsTRX m2. We have also noted plastid TRX expression in cotyledons of etiolated seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana lines carrying constructs corresponding to PsTRX f and m1 promoters fused to the reporter gene GUS, pointing to a role in reserve mobilization. Furthermore, the response of plastid TRXs to NaCl and their capacity in restoring the growth of a TRX-deficient yeast under saline conditions suggest a role in the tolerance to salinity. We propose that these redox enzymes take part of the reserve mobilization in seedling cotyledons and we suggest additional physiological functions of PsTRX m2 in roots and PsTRX m1 in the salinity-stress response during germination.
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24
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Troncoso-Ponce MA, Mas P. Newly described components and regulatory mechanisms of circadian clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:545-553. [PMID: 22230762 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock temporally coordinates plant growth and metabolism in close synchronization with the diurnal and seasonal environmental changes. Research over the last decade has identified a number of clock components and a variety of regulatory mechanisms responsible for the rhythmic oscillations in metabolic and physiological activities. At the core of the clock, transcriptional/translational feedback loops modulate the expression of a significant proportion of the genome. In this article, we briefly describe some of the very recent advances that have improved our understanding of clock organization and function in Arabidopsis thaliana. The new studies illustrate the role of clock protein complex formation on circadian gating of plant growth and identify alternative splicing as a new regulatory mechanism for clock function. Examination of key clock properties such as temperature compensation has also opened new avenues for functional research within the plant clockwork. The emerging connections between the circadian clock and metabolism, hormone signaling and response to biotic and abiotic stress also add new layers of complexity to the clock network and underscore the significance of the circadian clock regulating the daily life of plants.
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25
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Sanz-Barrio R, Fernández-San Millán A, Carballeda J, Corral-Martínez P, Seguí-Simarro JM, Farran I. Chaperone-like properties of tobacco plastid thioredoxins f and m. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:365-79. [PMID: 21948853 PMCID: PMC3245471 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous disulphide reductases that play important roles in the redox regulation of many cellular processes. However, some redox-independent functions, such as chaperone activity, have also been attributed to Trxs in recent years. The focus of our study is on the putative chaperone function of the well-described plastid Trxs f and m. To that end, the cDNA of both Trxs, designated as NtTrxf and NtTrxm, was isolated from Nicotiana tabacum plants. It was found that bacterially expressed tobacco Trx f and Trx m, in addition to their disulphide reductase activity, possessed chaperone-like properties. In vitro, Trx f and Trx m could both facilitate the reactivation of the cysteine-free form of chemically denatured glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (foldase chaperone activity) and prevent heat-induced malate dehydrogenase aggregation (holdase chaperone activity). Our results led us to infer that the disulphide reductase and foldase chaperone functions prevail when the proteins occur as monomers and the well-conserved non-active cysteine present in Trx f is critical for both functions. By contrast, the holdase chaperone activity of both Trxs depended on their oligomeric status: the proteins were functional only when they were associated with high molecular mass protein complexes. Because the oligomeric status of both Trxs was induced by salt and temperature, our data suggest that plastid Trxs could operate as molecular holdase chaperones upon oxidative stress, acting as a type of small stress protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Sanz-Barrio
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alicia Fernández-San Millán
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Carballeda
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Corral-Martínez
- Instituto para la Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E - Escalera I, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Seguí-Simarro
- Instituto para la Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E - Escalera I, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Farran
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
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