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Jamil M, Alagoz Y, Wang JY, Chen GTE, Berqdar L, Kharbatia NM, Moreno JC, Kuijer HNJ, Al-Babili S. Abscisic acid inhibits germination of Striga seeds and is released by them likely as a rhizospheric signal supporting host infestation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1305-1316. [PMID: 38169533 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Seeds of the root parasitic plant Striga hermonthica undergo a conditioning process under humid and warm environments before germinating in response to host-released stimulants, particularly strigolactones (SLs). The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates different growth and developmental processes, and stress response; however, its role during Striga seed germination and early interactions with host plants is under-investigated. Here, we show that ABA inhibited Striga seed germination and that hindering its biosynthesis induced conditioning and germination in unconditioned seeds, which was significantly enhanced by treatment with the SL analog rac-GR24. However, the inhibitory effect of ABA remarkably decreased during conditioning, confirming the loss of sensitivity towards ABA in later developmental stages. ABA measurement showed a substantial reduction of its content during the early conditioning stage and a significant increase upon rac-GR24-triggered germination. We observed this increase also in released seed exudates, which was further confirmed by using the Arabidopsis ABA-reporter GUS marker line. Seed exudates of germinated seeds, containing elevated levels of ABA, impaired the germination of surrounding Striga seeds in vitro and promoted root growth of a rice host towards germinated Striga seeds. Application of ABA as a positive control caused similar effects, indicating its function in Striga/Striga and Striga/host communications. In summary, we show that ABA is an essential player during seed dormancy and germination processes in Striga and acts as a rhizospheric signal likely to support host infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guan-Ting Erica Chen
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeh M Kharbatia
- Analytical Chemistry Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan C Moreno
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik N J Kuijer
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Kamran M, Melville KT, Waters MT. Karrikin signalling: impacts on plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1174-1186. [PMID: 38001035 PMCID: PMC10860534 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants rely upon a diverse range of metabolites to control growth and development, and to overcome stress that results from suboptimal conditions. Karrikins (KARs) are a class of butenolide compounds found in smoke that stimulate seed germination and regulate various developmental processes in plants. KARs are perceived via a plant α/β-hydrolase called KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), which also functions as a receptor for a postulated phytohormone, provisionally termed KAI2 ligand (KL). Considered natural analogues of KL, KARs have been extensively studied for their effects on plant growth and their crosstalk with plant hormones. The perception and response pathway for KAR-KL signalling is closely related to that of strigolactones, another class of butenolides with numerous functions in regulating plant growth. KAR-KL signalling influences seed germination, seedling photomorphogenesis, root system architecture, abiotic stress responses, and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Here, we summarize current knowledge of KAR-KL signalling, focusing on its role in plant development, its effects on stress tolerance, and its interaction with other signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kim T Melville
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Boyno G, Rezaee Danesh Y, Demir S, Teniz N, Mulet JM, Porcel R. The Complex Interplay between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Strigolactone: Mechanisms, Sinergies, Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16774. [PMID: 38069097 PMCID: PMC10706366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, the cornerstone of life on Earth, are constantly struggling with a number of challenges arising from both biotic and abiotic stressors. To overcome these adverse factors, plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms involving both a number of cell signaling pathways and a complex network of interactions with microorganisms. Among these interactions, the relationship between symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and strigolactones (SLs) stands as an important interplay that has a significant impact on increased resistance to environmental stresses and improved nutrient uptake and the subsequent enhanced plant growth. AMF establishes mutualistic partnerships with plants by colonizing root systems, and offers a range of benefits, such as increased nutrient absorption, improved water uptake and increased resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. SLs play a fundamental role in shaping root architecture, promoting the growth of lateral roots and regulating plant defense responses. AMF can promote the production and release of SLs by plants, which in turn promote symbiotic interactions due to their role as signaling molecules with the ability to attract beneficial microbes. The complete knowledge of this synergy has the potential to develop applications to optimize agricultural practices, improve nutrient use efficiency and ultimately increase crop yields. This review explores the roles played by AMF and SLs in plant development and stress tolerance, highlighting their individual contributions and the synergistic nature of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Boyno
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Younes Rezaee Danesh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Semra Demir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Necmettin Teniz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Yap JX, Tsuchiya Y. Gibberellins Promote Seed Conditioning by Up-Regulating Strigolactone Receptors in the Parasitic Plant Striga hermonthica. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1021-1033. [PMID: 37300550 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dormant seeds of the root parasitic plant Striga hermonthica sense strigolactones from host plants as environmental cues for germination. This process is mediated by a diversified member of the strigolactone receptors encoded by HYPOSENSITIVE TO LIGHT/KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 genes. It is known that warm and moist treatment during seed conditioning gradually makes dormant Striga seeds competent to respond to strigolactones, although the mechanism behind it is poorly understood. In this report, we show that plant hormone gibberellins increase strigolactone competence by up-regulating mRNA expression of the major strigolactone receptors during the conditioning period. This idea was supported by a poor germination phenotype in which gibberellin biosynthesis was depleted by paclobutrazol during conditioning. Moreover, live imaging with a fluorogenic strigolactone mimic, yoshimulactone green W, revealed that paclobutrazol treatment during conditioning caused aberrant dynamics of strigolactone perception after germination. These observations revealed an indirect role of gibberellins in seed germination in Striga, which contrasts with their roles as dominant germination-stimulating hormones in non-parasitic plants. We propose a model of how the role of gibberellins became indirect during the evolution of parasitism in plants. Our work also highlights the potential role for gibberellins in field applications, for instance, in elevating the sensitivity of seeds toward strigolactones in the current suicidal germination approach to alleviate the agricultural threats caused by this parasite in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xin Yap
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Tariq A, Ullah I, Sardans J, Graciano C, Mussarat S, Ullah A, Zeng F, Wang W, Al-Bakre DA, Ahmed Z, Ali S, Zhang Z, Yaseen A, Peñuelas J. Strigolactones can be a potential tool to fight environmental stresses in arid lands. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115966. [PMID: 37100368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental stresses pose a significant threat to plant growth and ecosystem productivity, particularly in arid lands that are more susceptible to climate change. Strigolactones (SLs), carotenoid-derived plant hormones, have emerged as a potential tool for mitigating environmental stresses. METHODS This review aimed to gather information on SLs' role in enhancing plant tolerance to ecological stresses and their possible use in improving the resistance mechanisms of arid land plant species to intense aridity in the face of climate change. RESULTS Roots exude SLs under different environmental stresses, including macronutrient deficiency, especially phosphorus (P), which facilitates a symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). SLs, in association with AMF, improve root system architecture, nutrient acquisition, water uptake, stomatal conductance, antioxidant mechanisms, morphological traits, and overall stress tolerance in plants. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SL-mediated acclimatization to abiotic stresses involves multiple hormonal pathways, including abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (CK), gibberellic acid (GA), and auxin. However, most of the experiments have been conducted on crops, and little attention has been paid to the dominant vegetation in arid lands that plays a crucial role in reducing soil erosion, desertification, and land degradation. All the environmental gradients (nutrient starvation, drought, salinity, and temperature) that trigger SL biosynthesis/exudation prevail in arid regions. The above-mentioned functions of SLs can potentially be used to improve vegetation restoration and sustainable agriculture. CONCLUSIONS Present review concluded that knowledge on SL-mediated tolerance in plants is developed, but still in-depth research is needed on downstream signaling components in plants, SL molecular mechanisms and physiological interactions, efficient methods of synthetic SLs production, and their effective application in field conditions. This review also invites researchers to explore the possible application of SLs in improving the survival rate of indigenous vegetation in arid lands, which can potentially help combat land degradation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Ihteram Ullah
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Dhafer A Al-Bakre
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Sikandar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Aftab Yaseen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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Popov M, Kubeš J, Vachová P, Hnilička F, Zemanová V, Česká J, Praus L, Lhotská M, Kudrna J, Tunklová B, Štengl K, Krucký J, Turnovec T. Effect of Arsenic Soil Contamination on Stress Response Metabolites, 5-Methylcytosine Level and CDC25 Expression in Spinach. TOXICS 2023; 11:568. [PMID: 37505533 PMCID: PMC10383220 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Experimental spinach plants grown in soil with (5, 10 and 20 ppm) arsenic (As) contamination were sampled in 21 days after As(V) contamination. Levels of As in spinach samples (from 0.31 ± 0.06 µg g-1 to 302.69 ± 11.83 µg g-1) were higher in roots and lower in leaves, which indicates a low ability of spinach to translocate As into leaves. Species of arsenic, As(III) and As(V), were represented in favor of the As (III) specie in contaminated variants, suggesting enzymatic arsenate reduction. In relation to predominant As accumulation in roots, changes in malondialdehyde levels were observed mainly in roots, where they decreased significantly with growing As contamination (from 11.97 ± 0.54 µg g-1 in control to 2.35 ± 0.43 µg g-1 in 20 ppm As). Higher values in roots than in leaves were observed in the case of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). Despite that, a change in 5-mC by As contamination was further deepened in leaves (from 0.20 to 14.10%). In roots of spinach, expression of the CDC25 gene increased by the highest As contamination compared to the control. In the case of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total phenolic acids content and total antioxidant capacity were higher levels in leaves in all values, unlike the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Popov
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Vachová
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - František Hnilička
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Zemanová
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Česká
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Praus
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Lhotská
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kudrna
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Tunklová
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Štengl
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Krucký
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Turnovec
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Korek M, Marzec M. Strigolactones and abscisic acid interactions affect plant development and response to abiotic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:314. [PMID: 37308831 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) are the youngest group of plant hormones responsible for shaping plant architecture, especially the branching of shoots. However, recent studies provided new insights into the functioning of SL, confirming their participation in regulating the plant response to various types of abiotic stresses, including water deficit, soil salinity and osmotic stress. On the other hand, abscisic acid (ABA), commonly referred as a stress hormone, is the molecule that crucially controls the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SL and ABA share a common precursor in their biosynthetic pathways, the interaction between both phytohormones has been largely studied in the literature. Under optimal growth conditions, the balance between ABA and SL content is maintained to ensure proper plant development. At the same time, the water deficit tends to inhibit SL accumulation in the roots, which serves as a sensing mechanism for drought, and empowers the ABA production, which is necessary for plant defense responses. The SL-ABA cross-talk at the signaling level, especially regarding the closing of the stomata under drought conditions, still remains poorly understood. Enhanced SL content in shoots is likely to stimulate the plant sensitivity to ABA, thus reducing the stomatal conductance and improving the plant survival rate. Besides, it was proposed that SL might promote the closing of stomata in an ABA-independent way. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the SL and ABA interactions by providing new insights into the function, perception and regulation of both phytohormones during abiotic stress response of plants, as well as revealing the gaps in the current knowledge of SL-ABA cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Korek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Marek Marzec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
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Rani V, Sengar RS, Garg SK, Mishra P, Shukla PK. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Physiological and Molecular Role of Strigolactones as Plant Growth Regulators: A Review. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2. [PMID: 36802323 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Rani
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - R S Sengar
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Garg
- M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243006, India
| | - Pragati Mishra
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Shukla
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
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9
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Jiang K, Guo H, Zhai J. Interplay of phytohormones and epigenetic regulation: A recipe for plant development and plasticity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:381-398. [PMID: 36223083 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both phytohormone signaling and epigenetic mechanisms have long been known to play crucial roles in plant development and plasticity in response to ambient stimuli. Indeed, diverse signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and epigenetic processes integrate multiple upstream signals to regulate various plant traits. Emerging evidence indicates that phytohormones and epigenetic processes interact at multiple levels. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the interplay between phytohormones and epigenetic processes from the perspective of phytohormone biology. We also review chemical regulators used in epigenetic studies and propose strategies for developing novel regulators using multidisciplinary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jixian Zhai
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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10
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Genomic and Epigenomic Mechanisms of the Interaction between Parasitic and Host Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032647. [PMID: 36768970 PMCID: PMC9917227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic plants extract nutrients from the other plants to finish their life cycle and reproduce. The control of parasitic weeds is notoriously difficult due to their tight physical association and their close biological relationship to their hosts. Parasitic plants differ in their susceptible host ranges, and the host species differ in their susceptibility to parasitic plants. Current data show that adaptations of parasitic plants to various hosts are largely genetically determined. However, multiple cases of rapid adaptation in genetically homogenous parasitic weed populations to new hosts strongly suggest the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Recent progress in genome-wide analyses of gene expression and epigenetic features revealed many new molecular details of the parasitic plants' interactions with their host plants. The experimental data obtained in the last several years show that multiple common features have independently evolved in different lines of the parasitic plants. In this review we discuss the most interesting new details in the interaction between parasitic and host plants.
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Faizan M, Cheng SH, Tonny SH, Robab MI. Specific roles of strigolactones in plant physiology and remediation of heavy metals from contaminated soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:186-195. [PMID: 36244191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) have been implicated in various developmental processes of the plant, including the response against several abiotic stresses. It is well known as a class of endogenous phytohormones that regulates shoot branching, secondary growth and root morphology. This hormone facilitates plants in responding to nitrogen and phosphorus starvation by shaping the above and below ground structural design. SLs actively participate within regulatory networks of plant stress adaptation that are governed by phytohormones. Heavy metals (HMs) in soil are considered a serious environmental problem that causes various harmful effects on plants. SLs along with other plant hormones imply the role in plant architecture is far from being fully understood. Strategy to remove/remediation of HMs from the soil with the help of SLs has not been defined yet. Therefore, the present review aims to comprehensively provide an overview of SLs role in fine-tuning plant architectures, relation with other plant hormones under abiotic stress, and remediation of HMs contaminated soil using SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
| | - Shi Hui Cheng
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sadia Haque Tonny
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Merajul Islam Robab
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India
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Rehman NU, Li X, Zeng P, Guo S, Jan S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xie Q. Harmony but Not Uniformity: Role of Strigolactone in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1616. [PMID: 34827614 PMCID: PMC8615677 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume-symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providing certain strategies for promoting crop yield and productivity with the challenges of global climate and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peichun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saad Jan
- Agriculture Department, Entomology Section Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan;
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310001, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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13
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de Saint Germain A, Jacobs A, Brun G, Pouvreau JB, Braem L, Cornu D, Clavé G, Baudu E, Steinmetz V, Servajean V, Wicke S, Gevaert K, Simier P, Goormachtig S, Delavault P, Boyer FD. A Phelipanche ramosa KAI2 protein perceives strigolactones and isothiocyanates enzymatically. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100166. [PMID: 34746757 PMCID: PMC8553955 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phelipanche ramosa is an obligate root-parasitic weed that threatens major crops in central Europe. In order to germinate, it must perceive various structurally divergent host-exuded signals, including isothiocyanates (ITCs) and strigolactones (SLs). However, the receptors involved are still uncharacterized. Here, we identify five putative SL receptors in P. ramosa and show that PrKAI2d3 is involved in the stimulation of seed germination. We demonstrate the high plasticity of PrKAI2d3, which allows it to interact with different chemicals, including ITCs. The SL perception mechanism of PrKAI2d3 is similar to that of endogenous SLs in non-parasitic plants. We provide evidence that PrKAI2d3 enzymatic activity confers hypersensitivity to SLs. Additionally, we demonstrate that methylbutenolide-OH binds PrKAI2d3 and stimulates P. ramosa germination with bioactivity comparable to that of ITCs. This study demonstrates that P. ramosa has extended its signal perception system during evolution, a fact that should be considered for the development of specific and efficient biocontrol methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anse Jacobs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Brun
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales (LBPV), Equipe d’Accueil 1157, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales (LBPV), Equipe d’Accueil 1157, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lukas Braem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Cornu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Clavé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuelle Baudu
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Vincent Steinmetz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Servajean
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Susann Wicke
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Simier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales (LBPV), Equipe d’Accueil 1157, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales (LBPV), Equipe d’Accueil 1157, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Corresponding author
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14
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Tognacca RS, Botto JF. Post-transcriptional regulation of seed dormancy and germination: Current understanding and future directions. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100169. [PMID: 34327318 PMCID: PMC8299061 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a developmental checkpoint that prevents mature seeds from germinating under conditions that are otherwise favorable for germination. Temperature and light are the most relevant environmental factors that regulate seed dormancy and germination. These environmental cues can trigger molecular and physiological responses including hormone signaling, particularly that of abscisic acid and gibberellin. The balance between the content and sensitivity of these hormones is the key to the regulation of seed dormancy. Temperature and light tightly regulate the transcription of thousands of genes, as well as other aspects of gene expression such as mRNA splicing, translation, and stability. Chromatin remodeling determines specific transcriptional outputs, and alternative splicing leads to different outcomes and produces transcripts that encode proteins with altered or lost functions. Proper regulation of chromatin remodeling and alternative splicing may be highly relevant to seed germination. Moreover, microRNAs are also critical for the control of gene expression in seeds. This review aims to discuss recent updates on post-transcriptional regulation during seed maturation, dormancy, germination, and post-germination events. We propose future prospects for understanding how different post-transcriptional processes in crop seeds can contribute to the design of genotypes with better performance and higher productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Soledad Tognacca
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CP1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, CP1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Francisco Botto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, CP1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Bhoi A, Yadu B, Chandra J, Keshavkant S. Contribution of strigolactone in plant physiology, hormonal interaction and abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2021; 254:28. [PMID: 34241703 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived molecules, which regulate various developmental and adaptation processes in plants. These are engaged in different aspects of growth such as development of root, leaf senescence, shoot branching, etc. Plants grown under nutrient-deficient conditions enhance SL production that facilitates root architecture and symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as a result increases nutrient uptake. The crosstalk of SLs with other phytohormones such as auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin and gibberellins, in response to abiotic stresses indicates that SLs actively contribute to the regulatory systems of plant stress adaptation. In response to different environmental circumstances such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals and nutrient deprivation, these SLs get accumulated in plant tissues. Strigolactones regulate multiple hormonal responsive pathways, which aids plants to surmount stressful environmental constraints as well as reduce negative impact on overall productivity of crops. The external application of SL analog GR24 for its higher bioaccumulation can be one of the possible approaches for establishing various abiotic stress tolerances in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bhoi
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
| | - Bhumika Yadu
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
- School of Life and Allied Sciences, ITM University, Raipur, 492 002, India
| | - Jipsi Chandra
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
| | - S Keshavkant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India.
- National Center for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India.
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16
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Brun G, Spallek T, Simier P, Delavault P. Molecular actors of seed germination and haustoriogenesis in parasitic weeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1270-1281. [PMID: 33793893 PMCID: PMC8133557 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One-sentence summary Recent advances provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying host-dependent seed germination and haustorium formation in parasitic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brun
- Department for Systematic Botany and Biodiversity, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Spallek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philippe Simier
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Nantes, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Nantes, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Author for communication:
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17
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Casadesús A, Munné-Bosch S. Holoparasitic plant-host interactions and their impact on Mediterranean ecosystems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1325-1338. [PMID: 35237829 PMCID: PMC8133675 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although photosynthesis is essential to sustain life on Earth, not all plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. Holoparasitic plants, which are important in agricultural and natural ecosystems, are dependent on other plants for nutrients. Phytohormones are crucial in holoparasitic plant-host interactions, from seed germination to senescence, not only because they act as growth and developmental regulators, but also because of their central role in the regulation of host photosynthesis and source-sink relations between the host and the holoparasitic plant. Here, we compile and discuss current knowledge on the impact and ecophysiology of holoparasitic plants (such as the broomrapes Orobanche sp. and Phelipanche sp.) that infest economically important dicotyledonous crops in Mediterranean agroecosystems (legumes [Fabaceae], sunflowers [Helianthus sp.], or tomato [Solanum lycopersicum] plants). We also highlight the role of holoparasitic plant-host interactions (such as those between Cytinus hypocistis and various shrubs of the genus Cistus) in shaping natural Mediterranean ecosystems. The roles of phytohormones in controlling plant-host interactions, abiotic factors in parasitism, and the biological significance of natural seed banks and how dormancy and germination are regulated, will all be discussed. Holoparasitic plants are unique organisms; improving our understanding of their interaction with hosts as study models will help us to better manage parasitic plants, both in agricultural and natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casadesús
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute in Biodiversity (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute in Biodiversity (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Yacoubou A, Zoumarou Wallis N, Menkir A, Zinsou VA, Onzo A, Garcia‐Oliveira AL, Meseka S, Wende M, Gedil M, Agre P. Breeding maize ( Zea mays) for Striga resistance: Past, current and prospects in sub-saharan africa. PLANT BREEDING = ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENZUCHTUNG 2021; 140:195-210. [PMID: 34239217 PMCID: PMC8248382 DOI: 10.1111/pbr.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Striga hermonthica, causes up to 100% yield loss in maize production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Developing Striga-resistant maize cultivars could be a major component of integrated Striga management strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of maize breeding activities related to Striga resistance and its management. Scientific surveys have revealed that conventional breeding strategies have been used more than molecular breeding strategies in maize improvement for Striga resistance. Striga resistance genes are still under study in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) maize breeding programme. There is also a need to discover QTL and molecular markers associated with such genes to improve Striga resistance in maize. Marker Assistance Breeding is expected to increase maize breeding efficiency with complex traits such as resistance towards Striga because of the complex nature of the host-parasite relationship and its intersection with other environmental factors. Conventional alongside molecular tools and technical controls are promising methods to effectively assess Striga in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul‐Madjidou Yacoubou
- Laboratoire de Phytotechnie, d’Amélioration et de Protection des Plantes (LaPAPP)Département des Sciences et Techniques de Production Végétale (STPV)Faculté d’AgronomieUniversité de ParakouParakouBénin
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
- Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin01 BP 884CotonouBénin
| | - Nouhoun Zoumarou Wallis
- Laboratoire de Phytotechnie, d’Amélioration et de Protection des Plantes (LaPAPP)Département des Sciences et Techniques de Production Végétale (STPV)Faculté d’AgronomieUniversité de ParakouParakouBénin
| | - Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - Valerien A. Zinsou
- Laboratoire de Phytotechnie, d’Amélioration et de Protection des Plantes (LaPAPP)Département des Sciences et Techniques de Production Végétale (STPV)Faculté d’AgronomieUniversité de ParakouParakouBénin
| | - Alexis Onzo
- Laboratoire de Phytotechnie, d’Amélioration et de Protection des Plantes (LaPAPP)Département des Sciences et Techniques de Production Végétale (STPV)Faculté d’AgronomieUniversité de ParakouParakouBénin
| | | | - Silvestro Meseka
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - Mengesha Wende
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - Melaku Gedil
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - Paterne Agre
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
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Okazawa A, Wakabayashi T, Muranaka T, Sugimoto Y, Ohta D. The effect of nojirimycin on the transcriptome of germinating Orobanche minor seeds. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2020; 45:230-237. [PMID: 33304192 PMCID: PMC7691558 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d20-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Orobanchaceae root parasitic weeds cause serious agricultural damage worldwide. Although numerous studies have been conducted to establish an effective control strategy for the growth and spread of root parasitic weeds, no practical method has been developed so far. Previously, metabolomic analyses were conducted on germinating seeds of a broomrape, Orobanche minor, to find novel targets for its selective control. Interestingly, planteose metabolism was identified as a possible target, and nojirimycin (NJ) selectively inhibited the germination of O. minor by intercepting planteose metabolism, although its precise mode of action was unclear. Here, transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq was conducted to obtain molecular insight into the effects of NJ on germinating O. minor seeds. Differential gene expression analysis results suggest that NJ alters sugar metabolism and/or signaling, which is required to promote seed germination. This finding will contribute to understanding the effect of NJ and establishing a novel strategy for parasitic weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okazawa
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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20
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Faizan M, Faraz A, Sami F, Siddiqui H, Yusuf M, Gruszka D, Hayat S. Role of Strigolactones: Signalling and Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:217-228. [PMID: 33987478 PMCID: PMC8114782 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones play important roles in controlling how plants grow and develop. While metabolism provides the energy needed for plant survival, hormones regulate the pace of plant growth. Strigolactones (SLs) were recently defined as new phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism and, in turn, plant growth and development. This group of phytohormones is derived from carotenoids and has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions including regulation of plant architecture (inhibition of bud outgrowth and shoot branching), photomorphogenesis, seed germination, nodulation, and physiological reactions to abiotic factors. SLs also induce hyphal branching in germinating spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a process that is important for initiating the connection between host plant roots and AMF. This review outlines the physiological roles of SLs and discusses the significance of interactions between SLs and other phytohormones to plant metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Tree Seed Center, College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing-210037, P.R. China
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
- E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Faraz
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
| | - Fareen Sami
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
| | - Husna Siddiqui
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
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21
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Zemanová V, Popov M, Pavlíková D, Kotrba P, Hnilička F, Česká J, Pavlík M. Effect of arsenic stress on 5-methylcytosine, photosynthetic parameters and nutrient content in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris cretica (L.) var. Albo-lineata. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:130. [PMID: 32228515 PMCID: PMC7106808 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic toxicity induces a range of metabolic responses in plants, including DNA methylation. The focus of this paper was on the relationship between As-induced stress and plant senescence in the hyperaccumulator Pteris cretica var. Albo-lineata (Pc-Al). We assume difference in physiological parameters and level of DNA methylation in young and old fronds as symptoms of As toxicity. RESULTS The As accumulation of Pc-Al fronds, grown in pots of haplic chernozem contaminated with 100 mg As kg- 1 for 122 days, decreased with age. Content of As was higher in young than old fronds for variants with 100 mg As kg- 1 (2800 and 2000 mg As kg- 1 dry matter, respectively). The highest As content was determined in old fronds of Pc-Al grown in pots with 250 mg As kg- 1. The increase with age was confirmed for determined nutrients - Cu, Mg, Mn, S and Zn. A significant elevation of all analysed nutrients was showed in old fronds. Arsenic accumulation affected DNA methylation status in fronds, but content of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) decreased only in old fronds of Pc-Al (from 25 to 12%). Determined photosynthetic processes showed a decrease of fluorescence, photosynthetic rate and chlorophylls of As treatments in young and old fronds. Water potential was decreased by As in both fronds. Thinning of the sclerenchymatous inner cortex and a reduction in average tracheid metaxylem in the vascular cylinder was showed in roots of As treatment. Irrespective to fronds age, physiological parameters positively correlated with a 5mC while negatively with direct As toxicity. Opposite results were found for contents of Cu, Mg, Mn, S and Zn. CONCLUSIONS The results of this paper point to changes in the metabolism of the hyperaccumulator plant Pc-Al, upon low and high exposure to As contamination. The significant impact of As on DNA methylation was found in old fronds. Irrespective to fronds age, significant correlations were confirmed for 5mC and As toxicity. Our analysis of the very low water potential values and lignification of cell walls in roots showed that transports of assimilated metabolites and water between roots and fronds were reduced. As was showed by our results, epigenetic changes could affect studied parameters of the As hyperaccumulator plant Pc-Al, especially in old fronds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zemanová
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Popov
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pavlíková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kotrba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Hnilička
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Česká
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Pavlík
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Genetic and Genomic Tools in Sunflower Breeding for Broomrape Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020152. [PMID: 32019223 PMCID: PMC7073512 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Broomrape is a root parasitic plant causing yield losses in sunflower production. Since sunflower is an important oil crop, the development of broomrape-resistant hybrids is the prime breeding objective. Using conventional plant breeding methods, breeders have identified resistant genes and developed a number of hybrids resistant to broomrape, adapted to different growing regions worldwide. However, the spread of broomrape into new countries and the development of new and more virulent races have been noted intensively. Recent advances in sunflower genomics provide additional tools for plant breeders to improve resistance and find durable solutions for broomrape spread and virulence. This review describes the structure and distribution of new, virulent physiological broomrape races, sources of resistance for introduction into susceptible cultivated sunflower, qualitative and quantitative resistance genes along with gene pyramiding and marker assisted selection (MAS) strategies applied in the process of increasing sunflower resistance. In addition, it presents an overview of underutilized biotechnological tools, such as phenotyping, -omics, and genome editing techniques, which need to be introduced in the study of sunflower resistance to broomrape in order to achieve durable resistance.
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Brun G, Thoiron S, Braem L, Pouvreau JB, Montiel G, Lechat MM, Simier P, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S, Delavault P. CYP707As are effectors of karrikin and strigolactone signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana and parasitic plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2612-2626. [PMID: 31134630 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins stimulate Arabidopsis thaliana germination, whereas parasitic weeds of the Orobanchaceae family have evolved to respond to host-exuded compounds such as strigolactones, dehydrocostus lactone, and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate. In Phelipanche ramosa, strigolactone-induced germination was shown to require one of the CYP707A proteins involved in abscisic acid catabolism. Here, germination and gene expression were analysed to investigate the role of CYP707As in germination of both parasitic plants and Arabidopsis upon perception of germination stimulants, after using pharmacological inhibitors and Arabidopsis mutants disrupting germination signals. CYP707A genes were up-regulated upon treatment with effective germination stimulants in both parasitic plants and Arabidopsis. Obligate parasitic plants exhibited both intensified up-regulation of CYP707A genes and increased sensitivity to the CYP707A inhibitor abscinazole-E2B, whereas Arabidopsis cyp707a mutants still positively responded to germination stimulation. In Arabidopsis, CYP707A regulation required the canonical karrikin signalling pathway KAI2/MAX2/SMAX1 and the transcription factor WRKY33. Finally, CYP707As and WRKY33 also modulated Arabidopsis root architecture in response to the synthetic strigolactone rac-GR24, and wrky33-1 exhibited a shoot hyperbranched phenotype. This study suggests that the lack of host-independent germination in obligate parasites is associated with an exacerbated CYP707A induction and that CYP707As and WRKY33 are new players involved in a variety of strigolactone/karrikin responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brun
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales LBPV, EA1157 F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Thoiron
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales LBPV, EA1157 F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Lukas Braem
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai, 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales LBPV, EA1157 F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Grégory Montiel
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales LBPV, EA1157 F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Marc-Marie Lechat
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales LBPV, EA1157 F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Simier
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales LBPV, EA1157 F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai, 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales LBPV, EA1157 F-44000, Nantes, France
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Zhang J, Zhang D, Wei J, Shi X, Ding H, Qiu S, Guo J, Li D, Zhu K, Horvath DP, Xia Y. Annual growth cycle observation, hybridization and forcing culture for improving the ornamental application of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in the low-latitude regions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218164. [PMID: 31194806 PMCID: PMC6564672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding the southern range of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a meaningful and worthwhile horticultural endeavor in the Northern Hemisphere. However, high temperatures in winter seriously hinder the bud dormancy release and flowering of peony in the more southern areas of subtropical and tropical regions. Resource introduction and hybridization can contribute to creating new cultivars with high adaptability in a warmer winter climate. In this study, three representative cultivars of P. lactiflora were screened for flowering capabilities and their annual growth cycles were observed to provide information needed for hybridization. Among these three cultivars, ‘Hang Baishao’ is the best adapted cultivar for southern growing regions and is unique in its ability to thrive in southern areas of N 30°00’. Pollen viability of ‘Hang Baishao’ was 55.60% based on five measuring methods, which makes it an excellent male parent in hybridization. Hybrid plants among these three cultivars grew well, but all of their flower buds aborted. Additionally, the ability of three growth regulators that advance the flowering of ‘Hang Baishao’ to promote an indoor cultivation strategy for improving peony application as a potted or cut-flower plant was tested. 5-azacytidine could impact the growth of ‘Hang Baishao’ and induce dwarfism and small flowers but not advance the flowering time. Gibberellin A3 promoted the sprouting and growth significantly, but all plants eventually withered. Chilling at 0–4°C for four weeks and irrigation with 300 mg/L humic acid was the optimal combination used to hasten flowering and ensure flowering quality simultaneously. These results can lay the foundation for future studies on the chilling requirement trait, bud dormancy release and key functional gene exploration of herbaceous peony. Additionally, this study can also provide guidance for expanding the range of economically important plants with the winter dormancy trait to the low-latitude regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Zhang
- Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianfen Wei
- Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaqiao Ding
- Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danqin Li
- Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhu
- Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - David P. Horvath
- Sunflower and Plant Biology Research, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YX); (DH)
| | - Yiping Xia
- Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (DH)
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Kolbert Z. Strigolactone-nitric oxide interplay in plants: The story has just begun. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:487-497. [PMID: 29479710 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Both strigolactones (SLs) and nitric oxide (NO) are regulatory signals with diverse roles during plant development and stress responses. This review aims to discuss the so far available data regarding SLs-NO interplay in plant systems. The majority of the few articles dealing with SL-NO interplay focuses on the root system and it seems that NO can be an upstream negative regulator of SL biosynthesis or an upstream positive regulator of SL signaling depending on the nutrient supply. From the so far published results it is clear that NO modifies the activity of target proteins involved in SL biosynthesis or signaling which may be a physiologically relevant interaction. Therefore, in silico analysis of NO-dependent posttranslational modifications in SL-related proteins was performed using computational prediction tools and putative NO-target proteins were specified. The picture is presumably more complicated, since also SL is able to modify NO levels. As a confirmation, author detected NO levels in different organs of max1-1 and max2-1 Arabidopsis and compared to the wild-type these mutants showed enhanced NO levels in their root tips indicating the negative effect of endogenous SLs on NO metabolism. Exogenous SL analogue-triggered NO production seems to contradict the results of the genetic study, which is an inconsistency should be taken into consideration in the future. In the coming years, the link between SL and NO signaling in further physiological processes should be examined and the possibilities of NO-dependent posttranslational modifications of SL biosynthetic and signaling proteins should be looked more closely.
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Goyet V, Wada S, Cui S, Wakatake T, Shirasu K, Montiel G, Simier P, Yoshida S. Haustorium Inducing Factors for Parasitic Orobanchaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1056. [PMID: 31555315 PMCID: PMC6726735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family include devastating weed species, such as Striga, Orobanche, and Phelipanche, which infest important crops and cause economic losses of over a billion US dollars worldwide, yet the molecular and cellular processes responsible for such parasitic relationships remain largely unknown. Parasitic species of the Orobanchaceae family form specialized invasion organs called haustoria on their roots to enable the invasion of host root tissues. The process of forming haustoria can be divided into two steps, prehaustorium formation and haustorium maturation, the processes occurring before and after host attachment, respectively. Prehaustorium formation is provoked by host-derived signal molecules, collectively called haustorium-inducing factors (HIFs). Cell wall-related quinones and phenolics have been known for a long time to induce haustoria in many Orobanchaceae species. Although such phenolics are widely produced in plants, structural specificities exist among these molecules that modulate their competency to induce haustoria in different parasitic plant species. In addition, the plant hormone cytokinins, structurally distinct from phenolic compounds, also trigger prehaustorium formation in Orobanchaceae. Recent findings demonstrate their involvement as rhizopsheric HIFs for Orobanche and Phelipanche species and thus address new activities for cytokinins in haustorium formation in Orobanchaceae, as well as in rhizospheric signaling. This review highlights haustorium-inducing signals in the Orobanchaceae family in the context of their host origin, action mechanisms, and species specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Goyet
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Syogo Wada
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Songkui Cui
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Division for Research Strategy, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gregory Montiel
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Simier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Satoko Yoshida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Division for Research Strategy, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- *Correspondence: Satoko Yoshida,
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27
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Brun G, Braem L, Thoiron S, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S, Delavault P. Seed germination in parasitic plants: what insights can we expect from strigolactone research? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2265-2280. [PMID: 29281042 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obligate root-parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family are deadly pests for major crops all over the world. Because these heterotrophic plants severely damage their hosts even before emerging from the soil, there is an unequivocal need to design early and efficient methods for their control. The germination process of these species has probably undergone numerous selective pressure events in the course of evolution, in that the perception of host-derived molecules is a necessary condition for seeds to germinate. Although most of these molecules belong to the strigolactones, structurally different molecules have been identified. Since strigolactones are also classified as novel plant hormones that regulate several physiological processes other than germination, the use of autotrophic model plant species has allowed the identification of many actors involved in the strigolactone biosynthesis, perception, and signal transduction pathways. Nevertheless, many questions remain to be answered regarding the germination process of parasitic plants. For instance, how did parasitic plants evolve to germinate in response to a wide variety of molecules, while autotrophic plants do not? What particular features are associated with their lack of spontaneous germination? In this review, we attempt to illustrate to what extent conclusions from research into strigolactones could be applied to better understand the biology of parasitic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brun
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA, Université de Nantes, BP Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Lukas Braem
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai Ghent, Belgium
| | - Séverine Thoiron
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA, Université de Nantes, BP Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA, Université de Nantes, BP Nantes Cedex, France
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Tsuchiya Y, Yoshimura M, Hagihara S. The dynamics of strigolactone perception in Striga hermonthica: a working hypothesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2281-2290. [PMID: 29474634 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived strigolactones have diverse functions at ecological scale, including effects upon the growth of plants themselves. The parasitic plants from the family Orobanchaceae interfere with the ecological and hormonal functions of strigolactones to generate unique germination abilities based on the sensing of host-derived strigolactones. Although the recent discovery of strigolactone receptors has enabled us to begin elucidating the mechanism of strigolactone perception, how perception relates to plant parasitism is still a mystery. In this review, we explore emerging questions by introducing recent advances in strigolactone research in parasitic plants. We also attempt to construct a conceptual framework for the unique in planta dynamics of strigolactone perception uncovered through the use of fluorescent probes for strigolactone receptors. Understanding the mechanisms of strigolactone-related processes is essential for controlling the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica, which has caused devastating damage to crop production in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Tsuchiya
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Cala A, Molinillo JMG, Fernández-Aparicio M, Ayuso J, Álvarez JA, Rubiales D, Macías FA. Complexation of sesquiterpene lactones with cyclodextrins: synthesis and effects on their activities on parasitic weeds. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6500-6510. [PMID: 28745382 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Allelochemicals are safer, more selective and more active alternatives than synthetic agrochemicals for weed control. However, the low solubility of these compounds in aqueous media limits their use as agrochemicals. Herein, we propose the application of α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins to improve the physicochemical properties and biological activities of three sesquiterpene lactones: dehydrocostuslactone, costunolide and (-)-α-santonin. Complexation was achieved by kneading and coprecipitation methods. Aqueous solubility was increased in the range 100-4600% and the solubility-phase diagrams suggested that complex formation had been successful. The results of the PM3 semiempirical calculations were consistent with the experimental results. The activities on etiolated wheat coleoptiles, Standard Target Species and parasitic weeds were improved. Cyclodextrins preserved or enhanced the activity of the three sesquiterpene lactones. Free cyclodextrins did not show significant activity and therefore the enhancement in activity was due to complexation. These results are promising for applications in agrochemical design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cala
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Campus CEIA3, School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/ Republica Saharaui, 7, 11510-Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Goyet V, Billard E, Pouvreau JB, Lechat MM, Pelletier S, Bahut M, Monteau F, Spíchal L, Delavault P, Montiel G, Simier P. Haustorium initiation in the obligate parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa involves a host-exudated cytokinin signal. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5539-5552. [PMID: 29069455 PMCID: PMC5853424 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The heterotrophic lifestyle of parasitic plants relies on the development of the haustorium, a specific infectious organ required for attachment to host roots. While haustorium development is initiated upon chemodetection of host-derived molecules in hemiparasitic plants, the induction of haustorium formation remains largely unknown in holoparasitic species such as Phelipanche ramosa. This work demonstrates that the root exudates of the host plant Brassica napus contain allelochemicals displaying haustorium-inducing activity on P. ramosa germinating seeds, which increases the parasite aggressiveness. A de novo assembled transcriptome and microarray approach with P. ramosa during early haustorium formation upon treatment with B. napus root exudates allowed the identification of differentially expressed genes involved in hormone signaling. Bioassays using exogenous cytokinins and the specific cytokinin receptor inhibitor PI-55 showed that cytokinins induced haustorium formation and increased parasite aggressiveness. Root exudates triggered the expression of cytokinin-responsive genes during early haustorium development in germinated seeds, and bio-guided UPLC-ESI(+)-/MS/MS analysis showed that these exudates contain a cytokinin with dihydrozeatin characteristics. These results suggest that cytokinins constitutively exudated from host roots play a major role in haustorium formation and aggressiveness in P. ramosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Goyet
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Billard
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Marc-Marie Lechat
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- IRHS UMR1345, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Muriel Bahut
- Plateau Technique Mutualisé ANAN, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- ONIRIS, USC 2013, LABERCA, Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, BP 50707, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Grégory Montiel
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Simier
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 44322 Nantes, France
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Bao YZ, Yao ZQ, Cao XL, Peng JF, Xu Y, Chen MX, Zhao SF. Transcriptome analysis of Phelipanche aegyptiaca seed germination mechanisms stimulated by fluridone, TIS108, and GR24. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187539. [PMID: 29099877 PMCID: PMC5669479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
P. aegyptiaca is one of the most destructive root parasitic plants worldwide, causing serious damage to many crop species. Under natural conditions P. aegyptiaca seeds must be conditioned and then stimulated by host root exudates before germinating. However, preliminary experiments indicated that TIS108 (a triazole-type inhibitor of strigolactone) and fluridone (FL, an inhibitor of carotenoid-biosynthesis) both stimulated the germination of P. aegyptiaca seeds without a water preconditioning step (i.e. unconditioned seeds). The objective of this study was to use deep RNA sequencing to learn more about the mechanisms by which TIS108 and FL stimulate the germination of unconditioned P. aegyptiaca seeds. Deep RNA sequencing was performed to compare the mechanisms of germination in the following treatments: (i) unconditioned P. aegyptiaca seeds with no other treatment, (ii) unconditioned seeds treated with 100 mg/L TIS108, (iii) unconditioned seeds treated with 100 mg/L FL + 100 mg/L GA3, (iv) conditioned seeds treated with sterile water, and (v) conditioned seeds treated with 0.03 mg/L GR24. The de novo assembled transcriptome was used to analyze transcriptional dynamics during seed germination. The key gene categories involved in germination were also identified. The results showed that only 119 differentially expressed genes were identified in the conditioned treatment vs TIS108 treatment. This indicated that the vast majority of conditions for germination were met during the conditioning stage. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) played important roles during P. aegyptiaca germination. The common pathway of TIS108, FL+GA3, and GR24 in stimulating P. aegyptiaca germination was the simultaneous reduction in ABA concentrations and increase GA concentrations. These results could potentially aid the identification of more compounds that are capable of stimulating P. aegyptiaca germination. Some potential target sites of TIS108 were also identified in our transcriptome data. The results of this experiment suggest that TIS108 and FL+GA3 could be used to control P. aegyptiaca through suicidal germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhou Bao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhao Qun Yao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiao Lei Cao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jin Feng Peng
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Mei Xiu Chen
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Si Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- * E-mail:
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De Cuyper C, Goormachtig S. Strigolactones in the Rhizosphere: Friend or Foe? MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:683-690. [PMID: 28598262 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-17-0051-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are well-known endogenous plant hormones that play a major role in planta by influencing different physiological processes. Moreover, ex planta, strigolactones are important signaling molecules in root exudates and function as host detection cues to launch mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. However, parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family hijacked this communication system to stimulate their seed germination when in close proximity to the roots of a suitable host. As a result, the secretion of strigolactones by the plant can have both favorable and detrimental outcomes. Here, we discuss these dual positive and negative effects of strigolactones and we provide a detailed overview on the role of these molecules in the complex dialogs between plants and different organisms in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Mishra S, Upadhyay S, Shukla RK. The Role of Strigolactones and Their Potential Cross-talk under Hostile Ecological Conditions in Plants. Front Physiol 2017; 7:691. [PMID: 28119634 PMCID: PMC5222854 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The changing environment always questions the survival mechanism of life on earth. The plant being special in the sense of their sessile habit need to face many of these environmental fluctuations as they have a lesser escape option. To counter these adverse conditions, plants have developed efficient sensing, signaling, and response mechanism. Among them the role of phytohormones in the management of hostile ecological situations is remarkable. The strigolactone, a newly emerged plant hormone has been identified with many functions such as growth stimulant of parasitic plants, plant architecture determinant, arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis promoter, and also in many other developmental and environmental cues. Despite of their immense developmental potential, the strigolactone research in the last few years has also established their significance in adverse environmental condition. In the current review, its significance under drought, salinity, nutrient starvation, temperature, and pathogenic assail has been discussed. This review also opens the research prospects of strigolactone to better manage the crop loss under hostile ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mishra
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Council, Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow, India
| | - Swati Upadhyay
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Council, Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Council, Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow, India
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Cala A, Ghooray K, Fernández-Aparicio M, Molinillo JM, Galindo JC, Rubiales D, Macías FA. Phthalimide-derived strigolactone mimics as germinating agents for seeds of parasitic weeds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:2069-2081. [PMID: 27218223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broomrapes attack important crops, cause severe yield losses and are difficult to eliminate because their seed bank is virtually indestructible. In the absence of a host, the induction of seed germination leads to inevitable death due to nutrient starvation. Synthetic analogues of germination-inducing factors may constitute a cheap and feasible strategy to control the seed bank. These compounds should be easy and cheap to synthesise, as this will allow their mass production. The aim of this work is to obtain new synthethic germinating agents. RESULTS Nineteen N-substituted phthalimides containing a butenolide ring and different substituents in the aromatic ring were synthesised. The synthesis started with commercially available phthalimides. The complete collection was assayed against the parasitic weeds Orobanche minor, O. cumana, Phelipanche ramosa and P. aegyptiaca, with the synthetic strigolactone analogue GR24 used as a positive control. These compounds offered low EC50 values: O. cumana 38.3 μM, O. minor 3.77 μM, P. aegyptiaca 1.35 μM and P. ramosa 1.49 μM. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis was carried out in a few steps and provided the target compounds in good yields. The compounds tested showed great selectivity, and low EC50 values were obtained for structures that were simpler than GR24. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cala
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Kala Ghooray
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - José Mg Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Cg Galindo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Global Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Phelipanche aegyptiaca Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071139. [PMID: 27428962 PMCID: PMC4964512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phelipanche aegyptiaca is one of the most destructive root parasitic plants of Orobanchaceae. This plant has significant impacts on crop yields worldwide. Conditioned and host root stimulants, in particular, strigolactones, are needed for unique seed germination. However, no extensive study on this phenomenon has been conducted because of insufficient genomic information. Deep RNA sequencing, including de novo assembly and functional annotation was performed on P. aegyptiaca germinating seeds. The assembled transcriptome was used to analyze transcriptional dynamics during seed germination. Key gene categories involved were identified. A total of 274,964 transcripts were determined, and 53,921 unigenes were annotated according to the NR, GO, COG, KOG, and KEGG databases. Overall, 5324 differentially expressed genes among dormant, conditioned, and GR24-treated seeds were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses demonstrated numerous DEGs related to DNA, RNA, and protein repair and biosynthesis, as well as carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Moreover, ABA and ethylene were found to play important roles in this process. GR24 application resulted in dramatic changes in ABA and ethylene-associated genes. Fluridone, a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, alone could induce P. aegyptiaca seed germination. In addition, conditioning was probably not the indispensable stage for P. aegyptiaca, because the transcript level variation of MAX2 and KAI2 genes (relate to strigolactone signaling) was not up-regulated by conditioning treatment.
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Pandey A, Sharma M, Pandey GK. Emerging Roles of Strigolactones in Plant Responses to Stress and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:434. [PMID: 27092155 PMCID: PMC4821062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Our environment constantly undergoes changes either natural or manmade affecting growth and development of all the organisms including plants. Plants are sessile in nature and therefore to counter environmental changes such as light, temperature, nutrient and water availability, pathogen, and many others; plants have evolved intricate signaling mechanisms, composed of multiple components including several plant hormones. Research conducted in the last decade has placed Strigolactones (SLs) in the growing list of plant hormones involved in coping with environmental changes. SLs are carotenoid derivatives functioning as both endogenous and exogenous signaling molecules in response to various environmental cues. Initially, SLs were discovered as compounds that are harmful to plants due to their role as stimulants in seed germination of parasitic plants, a more beneficial role in plant growth and development was uncovered much later. SLs are required for maintaining plant architecture by regulating shoot and root growth in response to various external stimuli including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, light, nutrients, and temperature. Moreover, a role for SLs has also been recognized during various abiotic and biotic stress conditions making them suitable target for generating genetically engineered crop plants with improved yield. This review discusses the biosynthesis of SLs and their regulatory and physiological roles in various stress conditions. Understanding of detailed signaling mechanisms of SLs will be an important factor for designing genetically modified crops for overcoming the problem of crop loss under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
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Fernández-Aparicio M, Reboud X, Gibot-Leclerc S. Broomrape Weeds. Underground Mechanisms of Parasitism and Associated Strategies for their Control: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:135. [PMID: 26925071 PMCID: PMC4759268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Broomrapes are plant-parasitic weeds which constitute one of the most difficult-to-control of all biotic constraints that affect crops in Mediterranean, central and eastern Europe, and Asia. Due to their physical and metabolic overlap with the crop, their underground parasitism, their achlorophyllous nature, and hardly destructible seed bank, broomrape weeds are usually not controlled by management strategies designed for non-parasitic weeds. Instead, broomrapes are in current state of intensification and spread due to lack of broomrape-specific control programs, unconscious introduction to new areas and may be decline of herbicide use and global warming to a lesser degree. We reviewed relevant facts about the biology and physiology of broomrape weeds and the major feasible control strategies. The points of vulnerability of some underground events, key for their parasitism such as crop-induced germination or haustorial development are reviewed as inhibition targets of the broomrape-crop association. Among the reviewed strategies are those aimed (1) to reduce broomrape seed bank viability, such as fumigation, herbigation, solarization and use of broomrape-specific pathogens; (2) diversion strategies to reduce the broomrape ability to timely detect the host such as those based on promotion of suicidal germination, on introduction of allelochemical interference, or on down-regulating host exudation of germination-inducing factors; (3) strategies to inhibit the capacity of the broomrape seedling to penetrate the crop and connect with the vascular system, such as biotic or abiotic inhibition of broomrape radicle growth and crop resistance to broomrape penetration either natural, genetically engineered or elicited by biotic- or abiotic-resistance-inducing agents; and (4) strategies acting once broomrape seedling has bridged its vascular system with that of the host, aimed to impede or to endure the parasitic sink such as those based on the delivery of herbicides via haustoria, use of resistant or tolerant varieties and implementation of cultural practices improving crop competitiveness.
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