1
|
Claver A, Luján MÁ, Escuín JM, Schilling M, Jouhet J, Savirón M, López MV, Picorel R, Jarne C, Cebolla VL, Alfonso M. Transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis of the differential pathway contribution to the incorporation of erucic acid to triacylglycerol during Pennycress seed maturation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1386023. [PMID: 38736440 PMCID: PMC11082276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1386023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Thlaspi arvense (Pennycress) is an emerging feedstock for biofuel production because of its high seed oil content enriched in erucic acid. A transcriptomic and a lipidomic study were performed to analyze the dynamics of gene expression, glycerolipid content and acyl-group distribution during seed maturation. Genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were expressed at the early stages of seed maturation. Genes encoding enzymes of the Kennedy pathway like diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (TaDGAT1), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (TaLPAT) or glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (TaGPAT) increased their expression with maturation, coinciding with the increase in triacylglycerol species containing 22:1. Positional analysis showed that the most abundant triacylglycerol species contained 18:2 at sn-2 position in all maturation stages, suggesting no specificity of the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase for very long chain fatty acids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (TaDGAT2) mRNA was more abundant at the initial maturation stages, coincident with the rapid incorporation of 22:1 to triacylglycerol, suggesting a coordination between Diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Genes encoding the phospholipid-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (TaPDAT1), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (TaLPCAT) or phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerolcholine phosphotransferase (TaPDCT), involved in acyl-editing or phosphatidyl-choline (PC)-derived diacylglycerol (DAG) biosynthesis showed also higher expression at the early maturation stages, coinciding with a higher proportion of triacylglycerol containing C18 fatty acids. These results suggested a higher contribution of these two pathways at the early stages of seed maturation. Lipidomic analysis of the content and acyl-group distribution of diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl-choline pools was compatible with the acyl content in triacylglycerol at the different maturation stages. Our data point to a model in which a strong temporal coordination between pathways and isoforms in each pathway, both at the expression and acyl-group incorporation, contribute to high erucic triacylglycerol accumulation in Pennycress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claver
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Luján
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Manuel Escuín
- Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marion Schilling
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commisariat de l'Energie Atomique-Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (CNRS-CEA-INRAE), Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commisariat de l'Energie Atomique-Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (CNRS-CEA-INRAE), Grenoble, France
| | - María Savirón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Química y Materiales de Aragón-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEQMA-CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Victoria López
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Picorel
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Jarne
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicente L. Cebolla
- Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Alfonso
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao D, Ma Y, Cao Z, Hu S, Li Z, Li Y, Wang K, Wang X, Wang J, Zhao K, Zhao K, Qiu D, Li Z, Ren R, Ma X, Zhang X, Gong F, Jung MY, Yin D. Coordinated Lipid Mobilization during Seed Development and Germination in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3218-3230. [PMID: 38157443 PMCID: PMC10870768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world due to its lipid-rich seeds. Lipid accumulation and degradation play crucial roles in peanut seed maturation and seedling establishment, respectively. Here, we utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to comprehensively identify lipids and the associated functional genes that are important in the development and germination processes of a large-seed peanut variety. A total of 332 lipids were identified; triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols were the most abundant during seed maturation, constituting 70.43 and 16.11%, respectively, of the total lipids. Significant alterations in lipid profiles were observed throughout seed maturation and germination. Notably, TAG (18:1/18:1/18:2) and (18:1/18:2/18:2) peaked at 23386.63 and 23392.43 nmol/g, respectively, at the final stage of seed development. Levels of hydroxylated TAGs (HO-TAGs) increased significantly during the initial stage of germination. Accumulation patterns revealed an inverse relationship between free fatty acids and TAGs. Lipid degradation was determined to be regulated by diacylglycerol acyltransferase, triacylglycerol lipase, and associated transcription factors, predominantly yielding oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. Collectively, the results of this study provide valuable insights into lipid dynamics during the development and germination of large-seed peanuts, gene resources, and guiding future research into lipid accumulation in an economically important crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhe Ma
- College
of Food Science, Woosuk University, Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Zenghui Cao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sasa Hu
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Li
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzhe Li
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuopeng Wang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Qiu
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ren
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingli Ma
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangping Gong
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mun Yhung Jung
- College
of Food Science, Woosuk University, Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College
of Agronomy & Peanut Functional Genome and Molecular Breeding
Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Behera J, Rahman MM, Shockey J, Kilaru A. Acyl-CoA-dependent and acyl-CoA-independent avocado acyltransferases positively influence oleic acid content in nonseed triacylglycerols. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1056582. [PMID: 36714784 PMCID: PMC9874167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) catalyze the terminal step of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in acyl-CoA-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively. Avocado (Persea americana) mesocarp, a nonseed tissue, accumulates significant amounts of TAG (~70% by dry weight) that is rich in heart-healthy oleic acid (18:1). The oil accumulation stages of avocado mesocarp development coincide with high expression levels for type-1 DGAT (DGAT1) and PDAT1, although type-2 DGAT (DGAT2) expression remains low. The strong preference for oleic acid demonstrated by the avocado mesocarp TAG biosynthetic machinery represents lucrative biotechnological opportunities, yet functional characterization of these three acyltransferases has not been explored to date. We expressed avocado PaDGAT1, PaDGAT2, and PaPDAT1 in bakers' yeast and leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. PaDGAT1 complemented the TAG biosynthesis deficiency in the quadruple mutant yeast strain H1246, and substantially elevated total cellular lipid content. In vitro enzyme assays showed that PaDGAT1 prefers oleic acid compared to palmitic acid (16:0). Both PaDGAT1 and PaPDAT1 increased the lipid content and elevated oleic acid levels when expressed independently or together, transiently in N. benthamiana leaves. These results indicate that PaDGAT1 and PaPDAT1 prefer oleate-containing substrates, and their coordinated expression likely contributes to sustained TAG synthesis that is enriched in oleic acid. This study establishes a knowledge base for future metabolic engineering studies focused on exploitation of the biochemical properties of PaDGAT1 and PaPDAT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Behera
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- dNTP Laboratory, Teaneck, NJ, United States
| | - Jay Shockey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, Commodity Utilization Research Unit, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin X, Guo X, Hu L, Li S, Chen Y, Wang J, Wang RRC, Fan C, Hu Z. Genome-Wide Characterization of DGATs and Their Expression Diversity Analysis in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Brassica napus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1156. [PMID: 35567157 PMCID: PMC9104862 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the most important storage lipid for oil plant seeds. Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) are a key group of rate-limiting enzymes in the pathway of TAG biosynthesis. In plants, there are three types of DGATs, namely, DGAT1, DGAT2 and DGAT3. Brassica napus, an allotetraploid plant, is one of the most important oil plants in the world. Previous studies of Brassica napus DGATs (BnaDGATs) have mainly focused on BnaDGAT1s. In this study, four DGAT1s, four DGAT2s and two DGAT3s were identified and cloned from B. napus ZS11. The analyses of sequence identity, chromosomal location and collinearity, phylogenetic tree, exon/intron gene structures, conserved domains and motifs, and transmembrane domain (TMD) revealed that BnaDGAT1, BnaDGAT2 and BnaDGAT3 were derived from three different ancestors and shared little similarity in gene and protein structures. Overexpressing BnaDGATs showed that only four BnaDGAT1s can restore TAG synthesis in yeast H1246 and promote the accumulation of fatty acids in yeast H1246 and INVSc1, suggesting that the three BnaDGAT subfamilies had greater differentiation in function. Transcriptional analysis showed that the expression levels of BnaDGAT1s, BnaDGAT2s and BnaDGAT3s were different during plant development and under different stresses. In addition, analysis of fatty acid contents in roots, stems and leaves under abiotic stresses revealed that P starvation can promote the accumulation of fatty acids, but no obvious relationship was shown between the accumulation of fatty acids with the expression of BnaDGATs under P starvation. This study provides an extensive evaluation of BnaDGATs and a useful foundation for dissecting the functions of BnaDGATs in biochemical and physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xupeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jingqiao Wang
- Institute of Economical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural Academy, Kunming 650205, China;
| | - Richard R.-C. Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA;
| | - Chengming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zanmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Improved Lipid Production and Cellular Physiological Responses in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050427. [PMID: 35628683 PMCID: PMC9144191 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial lipids have been a hot topic in the field of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology due to their increased market and important applications in biofuels, oleochemicals, cosmetics, etc. This review first compares the popular hosts for lipid production and explains the four modules for lipid synthesis in yeast, including the fatty acid biosynthesis module, lipid accumulation module, lipid sequestration module, and fatty acid modification module. This is followed by a summary of metabolic engineering strategies that could be used for enhancing each module for lipid production. In addition, the efforts being invested in improving the production of value-added fatty acids in engineered yeast, such as cyclopropane fatty acid, ricinoleic acid, gamma linoleic acid, EPA, and DHA, are included. A discussion is further made on the potential relationships between lipid pathway engineering and consequential changes in cellular physiological properties, such as cell membrane integrity, intracellular reactive oxygen species level, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, with the rapid development of synthetic biology tools, such as CRISPR genome editing tools and machine learning models, this review proposes some future trends that could be employed to engineer yeast with enhanced intracellular lipid production while not compromising much of its cellular health.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen GQ, Kim WN, Johnson K, Park ME, Lee KR, Kim HU. Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Lipid Genes in Physaria lindheimeri, a Genetic Resource for Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Seed Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020514. [PMID: 33419225 PMCID: PMC7825617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) have numerous industrial applications but are absent in most vegetable oils. Physaria lindheimeri accumulating 85% HFA in its seed oil makes it a valuable resource for engineering oilseed crops for HFA production. To discover lipid genes involved in HFA synthesis in P. lindheimeri, transcripts from developing seeds at various stages, as well as leaf and flower buds, were sequenced. Ninety-seven percent clean reads from 552,614,582 raw reads were assembled to 129,633 contigs (or transcripts) which represented 85,948 unique genes. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that 60% of the contigs matched proteins involved in biological process, cellular component or molecular function, while the remaining matched unknown proteins. We identified 42 P. lindheimeri genes involved in fatty acid and seed oil biosynthesis, and 39 of them shared 78-100% nucleotide identity with Arabidopsis orthologs. We manually annotated 16 key genes and 14 of them contained full-length protein sequences, indicating high coverage of clean reads to the assembled contigs. A detailed profiling of the 16 genes revealed various spatial and temporal expression patterns. The further comparison of their protein sequences uncovered amino acids conserved among HFA-producing species, but these varied among non-HFA-producing species. Our findings provide essential information for basic and applied research on HFA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Q. Chen
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.Q.C.); (H.U.K.)
| | - Won Nyeong Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Kumiko Johnson
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54974, Korea;
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.Q.C.); (H.U.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu Y, Caldo KMP, Singer SD, Mietkiewska E, Greer MS, Tian B, Dyer JM, Smith M, Zhou XR, Qiu X, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Physaria fendleri and Ricinus communis lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipases selectively cleave hydroxy acyl chains from phosphatidylcholine. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:182-196. [PMID: 33107656 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Production of hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) in transgenic crops represents a promising strategy to meet our demands for specialized plant oils with industrial applications. The expression of Ricinus communis (castor) OLEATE 12-HYDROXYLASE (RcFAH12) in Arabidopsis has resulted in only limited accumulation of HFAs in seeds, which probably results from inefficient transfer of HFAs from their site of synthesis (phosphatidylcholine; PC) to triacylglycerol (TAG), especially at the sn-1/3 positions of TAG. Phospholipase As (PLAs) may be directly involved in the liberation of HFAs from PC, but the functions of their over-expression in HFA accumulation and distribution at TAG in transgenic plants have not been well studied. In this work, the functions of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like PLAs (LCAT-PLAs) in HFA biosynthesis were characterized. The LCAT-PLAs were shown to exhibit homology to LCAT and mammalian lysosomal PLA2 , and to contain a conserved and functional Ser/His/Asp catalytic triad. In vitro assays revealed that LCAT-PLAs from the HFA-accumulating plant species Physaria fendleri (PfLCAT-PLA) and castor (RcLCAT-PLA) could cleave acyl chains at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of PC, and displayed substrate selectivity towards sn-2-ricinoleoyl-PC over sn-2-oleoyl-PC. Furthermore, co-expression of RcFAH12 with PfLCAT-PLA or RcLCAT-PLA, but not Arabidopsis AtLCAT-PLA, resulted in increased occupation of HFA at the sn-1/3 positions of TAG as well as small but insignificant increases in HFA levels in Arabidopsis seeds compared with RcFAH12 expression alone. Therefore, PfLCAT-PLA and RcLCAT-PLA may contribute to HFA turnover on PC, and represent potential candidates for engineering the production of unusual fatty acids in crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Mietkiewska
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael S Greer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - John M Dyer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aznar-Moreno JA, Venegas-Calerón M, Du ZY, Garcés R, Tanner JA, Chye ML, Martínez-Force E, Salas JJ. Characterization and function of a sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Class II acyl-CoA-binding protein. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 300:110630. [PMID: 33180709 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBP) bind to long-chain acyl-CoA esters and phospholipids, enhancing the activity of different acyltransferases in animals and plants. Nevertheless, the role of these proteins in the synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) remains unclear. Here, we cloned a cDNA encoding HaACBP1, a Class II ACBP from sunflower (Helianthus annuus), one of the world's most important oilseed crop plants. Transcriptome analysis of this gene revealed strong expression in developing seeds from 16 to 30 days after flowering. The recombinant protein (rHaACBP1) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to be studied by in vitro isothermal titration calorimetry and for phospholipid binding. Its high affinity for saturated palmitoyl-CoA (16:0-CoA; KD 0.11 μM) and stearoyl-CoA (18:0-CoA; KD 0.13 μM) esters suggests that rHaACBP1 could act in acyl-CoA transfer pathways that involve saturated acyl derivatives. Furthermore, rHaACBP1 also binds to both oleoyl-CoA (18:1-CoA; KD 6.4 μM) and linoleoyl-CoA (18:2-CoA; KD 21.4 μM) esters, the main acyl-CoA substrates used to synthesise the TAGs that accumulate in sunflower seeds. Interestingly, rHaACBP1 also appears to bind to different species of phosphatidylcholines (dioleoyl-PC and dilinoleoyl-PC), glycerolipids that are also involved in TAG synthesis, and while it interacts with dioleoyl-PA, this is less prominent than its binding to the PC derivative. Expression of rHaACBP in yeast alters its fatty acid composition, as well as the composition and size of the host acyl-CoA pool. These results suggest that HaACBP1 may potentially fulfil a role in the transport and trafficking of acyl-CoAs during sunflower seed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Aznar-Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Venegas-Calerón
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Zhi-Yan Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rafael Garcés
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Enrique Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín J Salas
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chawla K, Sinha K, Kaur R, Bhunia RK. Identification and functional characterization of two acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes from forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) embryo. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 176:112405. [PMID: 32473393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevating the lipid content in high-biomass forage crops has emerged as a new research platform for increasing energy density and improving livestock production efficiency associated with improved human health beneficial meat and milk quality. To gain insights of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in forage sorghum, two type-1 diacylglycerol acyltransferase (designated as SbDGAT1-1 and SbDGAT1-2) were characterized for its in vivo function. SbDGAT1-2 is more abundantly expressed in embryo and bran during the early stage of the grain development in comparison to SbDGAT1-1. Heterologous expression of SbDGAT1 genes in TAG deficient H1246 strain restored the TAG accumulation capability with high substrate predilection towards 16:0, 16:1 and 18:1 fatty acids (FA). In parallel, we have identified N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in SbDGAT1 proteins. To test the efficacy of the N-terminal region, truncated variants of SbDGAT1-1 (designated as SbDGAT1-1(39-515) and SbDGAT1-1(89-515)) were generated and expressed in yeast H1246 strain. Deletion in the N-terminal region resulted in decreased accumulation of TAG and FA (16:0 and 18:0) when compared to the SbDGAT1-1 variant expressed in yeast H1246 strain. The present study provides significant insight in forage sorghum DGAT1 gene function, useful for enhancing the green-forage TAG content through metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Chawla
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kshitija Sinha
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110026, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bai S, Wallis JG, Denolf P, Engelen S, Bengtsson JD, Van Thournout M, Dierickx J, Haesendonckx B, Browse J. The biochemistry of headgroup exchange during triacylglycerol synthesis in canola. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:83-94. [PMID: 31991038 PMCID: PMC7605783 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Many pathways of primary metabolism are substantially conserved within and across plant families. However, significant differences in organization and fluxes through a reaction network may occur, even between plants in closely related genera. Assessing and understanding these differences is key to appreciating metabolic diversity, and to attempts to engineer plant metabolism for higher crop yields and desired product profiles. To better understand lipid metabolism and seed oil synthesis in canola (Brassica napus), we have characterized four canola homologues of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ROD1 gene. AtROD1 encodes phosphatidylcholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT), the enzyme that catalyzes a major flux of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in oil synthesis. Assays in yeast indicated that only two of the canola genes, BnROD1.A3 and BnROD1.C3, encode active isozymes of PDCT, and these genes are strongly expressed during the period of seed oil synthesis. Loss of expression of BnROD1.A3 and BnROD1.C3 in a double mutant, or by RNA interference, reduced the PUFA content of the oil to 26.6% compared with 32.5% in the wild type. These results indicate that ROD1 isozymes in canola are responsible for less than 20% of the PUFAs that accumulate in the seed oil compared with 40% in Arabidopsis. Our results demonstrate the care needed when translating results from a model species to crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Bai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - James G. Wallis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Peter Denolf
- BASF Innovation Center Gent, NV Technologiepark 101, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Engelen
- BASF Innovation Center Gent, NV Technologiepark 101, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jesse D. Bengtsson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | | | - Jo Dierickx
- BASF Innovation Center Gent, NV Technologiepark 101, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boris Haesendonckx
- BASF Innovation Center Gent, NV Technologiepark 101, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
- For correspondence ()
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lager I, Jeppson S, Gippert AL, Feussner I, Stymne S, Marmon S. Acyltransferases Regulate Oil Quality in Camelina sativa Through Both Acyl Donor and Acyl Acceptor Specificities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1144. [PMID: 32922411 PMCID: PMC7456936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is an emerging biotechnology oil crop. However, more information is needed regarding its innate lipid enzyme specificities. We have therefore characterized several triacylglycerol (TAG) producing enzymes by measuring in vitro substrate specificities using different combinations of acyl-acceptors (diacylglycerol, DAG) and donors. Specifically, C. sativa acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 and 2 (which both use acyl-CoA as acyl donor) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT, with phosphatidylcoline as acyl donor) were studied. The results show that the DGAT1 and DGAT2 specificities are complementary, with DGAT2 exhibiting a high specificity for acyl acceptors containing only polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), whereas DGAT1 prefers acyl donors with saturated and monounsaturated FAs. Furthermore, the combination of substrates that resulted in the highest activity for DGAT2, but very low activity for DGAT1, corresponds to TAG species previously shown to increase in C. sativa seeds with downregulated DGAT1. Similarly, the combinations of substrates that gave the highest PDAT1 activity were also those that produce the two TAG species (54:7 and 54:8 TAG) with the highest increase in PDAT overexpressing C. sativa seeds. Thus, the in vitro data correlate well with the changes in the overall fatty acid profile and TAG species in C. sativa seeds with altered DGAT1 and PDAT activity. Additionally, in vitro studies of C. sativa phosphatidycholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT), another activity involved in TAG biosynthesis, revealed that PDCT accepts substrates with different desaturation levels. Furthermore, PDCT was unable to use DAG with ricineoleyl groups, and the presence of this substrate also inhibited PDCT from using other DAG-moieties. This gives insights relating to previous in vivo studies regarding this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Gippert
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sofia Marmon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sofia Marmon,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Demski K, Jeppson S, Lager I, Misztak A, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Waleron M, Stymne S, Banaś A. Isoforms of Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase2 Differ Substantially in Their Specificities toward Erucic Acid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1468-1479. [PMID: 31619508 PMCID: PMC6878005 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In most oilseeds, two evolutionarily unrelated acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, are the main contributors to the acylation of diacylglycerols in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. DGAT1 and DGAT2 are both present in the important crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus), with each type having four isoforms. We studied the activities of DGAT isoforms during seed development in microsomal fractions from two oilseed rape cultivars: edible, low-erucic acid (22:1) MONOLIT and nonedible high-erucic acid MAPLUS. Whereas the specific activities of DGATs were similar with most of the tested acyl-CoA substrates in both cultivars, MAPLUS had 6- to 14-fold higher activity with 22:1-CoA than did MONOLIT. Thus, DGAT isoforms with different acyl-CoA specificities are differentially active in the two cultivars. We characterized the acyl-CoA specificities of all DGAT isoforms in oilseed rape in the microsomal fractions of yeast cells heterologously expressing these enzymes. All four DGAT1 isoforms showed similar and broad acyl-CoA specificities. However, DGAT2 isoforms had much narrower acyl-CoA specificities: two DGAT2 isoforms were highly active with 22:1-CoA, while the ability of the other two isoforms to use this substrate was impaired. These findings elucidate the importance, which a DGAT isoform with suitable acyl-CoA specificity may have, when aiming for high content of a particular fatty acid in plant triacylglycerol reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Misztak
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Waleron
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reynolds KB, Cullerne DP, El Tahchy A, Rolland V, Blanchard CL, Wood CC, Singh SP, Petrie JR. Identification of Genes Involved in Lipid Biosynthesis through de novo Transcriptome Assembly from Cocos nucifera Developing Endosperm. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:945-960. [PMID: 30608545 PMCID: PMC6498750 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocos nucifera (coconut), a member of the Arecaceae family, is an economically important woody palm that is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. The coconut palm is well known for its ability to accumulate large amounts of oil, approximately 63% of the seed weight. Coconut oil varies significantly from other vegetable oils as it contains a high proportion of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; 85%). The unique composition of coconut oil raises interest in understanding how the coconut palm produces oil of a high saturated MCFA content, and if such an oil profile could be replicated via biotechnology interventions. Although some gene discovery work has been performed there is still a significant gap in the knowledge associated with coconut's oil production pathways. In this study, a de novo transcriptome was assembled for developing coconut endosperm to identify genes involved in the synthesis of lipids, particularly triacylglycerol. Of particular interest were thioesterases, acyltransferases and oleosins because of their involvement in the processes of releasing fatty acids for assembly, esterification of fatty acids into glycerolipids and protecting oils from degradation, respectively. It is hypothesized that some of these genes may exhibit a strong substrate preference for MCFA and hence may assist the future development of vegetable oils with an enriched MCFA composition. In this study, we identified and confirmed functionality of five candidate genes from the gene families of interest. This study will benefit future work in areas of increasing vegetable oil production and the tailoring of oil fatty acid compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Reynolds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren P Cullerne
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anna El Tahchy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Vivien Rolland
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig C Wood
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Surinder P Singh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - James R Petrie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jeppson S, Demski K, Carlsson AS, Zhu LH, Banaś A, Stymne S, Lager I. Crambe hispanica Subsp. abyssinica Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Specificities Towards Diacylglycerols and Acyl-CoA Reveal Combinatorial Effects That Greatly Affect Enzymatic Activity and Specificity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1442. [PMID: 31798607 PMCID: PMC6863138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Crambe is an oil crop suitable for industrial purposes due to the high content of erucic acid (22:1) in the seed oil. The final acylation of diacylglycerols (DAG) with acyl-CoA in the production of triacylglycerols (oil) is catalyzed by acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes. We identified eight forms of DGATs in crambe and characterized them in microsomal preparations of yeast expressing the enzymes using various acyl-CoAs and both di-6:0-DAG and long-chain DAG species as acyl acceptors. All DGATs accepted 22:1-CoA when using di-6:0-DAG as acyl acceptor. When di-22:1-DAG was the acyl acceptor, the DGAT1 type of enzyme utilized 22:1-CoA at a much-reduced rate compared to assays with sn-1-22:1-sn-2-18:1(oleoyl)-DAG, the most frequently available DAG precursor in crambe seeds. None of the DGAT2 enzymes was able to acylate di-22:1-DAG. Our results indicate that formation of trierucin by crambe DGATs is a limiting step for further increasing the levels of 22:1 in the previously developed transgenic crambe lines due to their poor abilities to acylate di-22:1-DAG. We also show that the acyl-CoA specificities and the enzymatic activities are highly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the DAG acyl acceptor. This finding implies that the use of artificial acyl acceptors (e.g. di-6:0-DAG) may not always reflect the actual acyl-CoA specificities of DGATs in planta. The relevance of the here reported pronounced specificities for specific DAG species exerted by DGAT enzymes is discussed in the context of the findings of DAG pools of distinct catalytic origin in triacylglycerol biosynthesis in the seed oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Simon Jeppson,
| | - Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anders S. Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang H, Zhang Z, Xiong T, Xiong X, Wu X, Guan C, Xiao G. The CCCH-type transcription factor BnZFP1 is a positive regulator to control oleic acid levels through the expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 gene in Brassica napus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:633-640. [PMID: 30340175 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In China, the high-oleic acid rapeseed has an oil content of ∼42% and oleic acid (18:1) content of ∼80%. Compared to ordinary rapeseed, high-oleic acid rapeseed has higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and lower levels of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and thus is of high nutritional and health value. In addition, high-oleic acid rapeseed oil imparts cardiovascular protective effects. Based on these properties, high-oleic acid oil crops have been extensively investigated and cultivated. We previously identified a CCCH-type transcription factor (BnZFP1, GenBank accession number XM_013796508) that is associated with high oleic acid traits from a Brassica napus subtractive hybridization library. In the present study, we overexpressed and silenced the BnZFP1 gene of B. napus. BnZFP1-overexpressing plants exhibited an 18.8% increase in oleic acid levels and a 3.8% increase in oil content. However, BNZFP1-silenced plants showed a 4.5% decrease in oleic acid levels, whereas no significant change in oil content was observed. Microarray and pull-down assays indicated that BnZFP1 has a total of thirty potential target genes. Further analysis and validation of one of the potential target genes, namely, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases 1 (DGAT1) gene, indicated that it is positively regulated by BnZFP1. We also observed a correlation between elevated DGAT1 gene expression levels and higher oil content and oleic acid levels in rapeseed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China; The National Oil Crops Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- The National Oil Crops Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Teng Xiong
- The National Oil Crops Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xinghua Xiong
- The National Oil Crops Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xianmeng Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chunyun Guan
- The National Oil Crops Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China; The National Oil Crops Improvement Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Studying seed oil metabolism. The seeds of higher plants represent valuable factories capable of converting photosynthetically derived sugars into a variety of storage compounds, including oils. Oils are the most energy-dense plant reserves and fatty acids composing these oils represent an excellent nutritional source. They supply humans with much of the calories and essential fatty acids required in their diet. These oils are then increasingly being utilized as renewable alternatives to petroleum for the chemical industry and for biofuels. Plant oils therefore represent a highly valuable agricultural commodity, the demand for which is increasing rapidly. Knowledge regarding seed oil production is extensively exploited in the frame of breeding programs and approaches of metabolic engineering for oilseed crop improvement. Complementary aspects of this research include (1) the study of carbon metabolism responsible for the conversion of photosynthetically derived sugars into precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis, (2) the identification and characterization of the enzymatic actors allowing the production of the wide set of fatty acid structures found in seed oils, and (3) the investigation of the complex biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of storage lipids (waxes, triacylglycerols). In this review, we outline the most recent developments in our understanding of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of seed oil production, focusing on fatty acids and oils that can have a significant impact on the emerging bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arisz SA, Heo JY, Koevoets IT, Zhao T, van Egmond P, Meyer AJ, Zeng W, Niu X, Wang B, Mitchell-Olds T, Schranz ME, Testerink C. DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 Contributes to Freezing Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1410-1424. [PMID: 29907701 PMCID: PMC6084661 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Freezing limits plant growth and crop productivity, and plant species in temperate zones have the capacity to develop freezing tolerance through complex modulation of gene expression affecting various aspects of metabolism and physiology. While many components of freezing tolerance have been identified in model species under controlled laboratory conditions, little is known about the mechanisms that impart freezing tolerance in natural populations of wild species. Here, we performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) study of acclimated freezing tolerance in seedlings of Boechera stricta, a highly adapted relative of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) native to the Rocky Mountains. A single QTL was identified that contained the gene encoding ACYL-COENZYME A:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (BstDGAT1), whose expression is highly cold responsive. The primary metabolic enzyme DGAT1 catalyzes the final step in assembly of triacylglycerol (TAG) by acyl transfer from acyl-CoA to diacylglycerol. Freezing tolerant plants showed higher DGAT1 expression during cold acclimation than more sensitive plants, and this resulted in increased accumulation of TAG in response to subsequent freezing. Levels of oligogalactolipids that are produced by SFR2 (SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2), an indispensable element of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis, were also higher in freezing-tolerant plants. Furthermore, overexpression of AtDGAT1 led to increased freezing tolerance. We propose that DGAT1 confers freezing tolerance in plants by supporting SFR2-mediated remodeling of chloroplast membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Arisz
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jae-Yun Heo
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iko T Koevoets
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhao
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Egmond
- Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Jessica Meyer
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Baosheng Wang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | | | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chhikara S, Abdullah HM, Akbari P, Schnell D, Dhankher OP. Engineering Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz for enhanced oil and seed yields by combining diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1034-1045. [PMID: 28975735 PMCID: PMC5902773 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant seed oil-based liquid transportation fuels (i.e., biodiesel and green diesel) have tremendous potential as environmentally, economically and technologically feasible alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels. Due to their nutritional and industrial importance, one of the major objectives is to increase the seed yield and oil production of oilseed crops via biotechnological approaches. Camelina sativa, an emerging oilseed crop, has been proposed as an ideal crop for biodiesel and bioproduct applications. Further increase in seed oil yield by increasing the flux of carbon from increased photosynthesis into triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis will make this crop more profitable. To increase the oil yield, we engineered Camelina by co-expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) and a yeast cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) genes under the control of seed-specific promoters. Plants co-expressing DGAT1 and GPD1 exhibited up to 13% higher seed oil content and up to 52% increase in seed mass compared to wild-type plants. Further, DGAT1- and GDP1-co-expressing lines showed significantly higher seed and oil yields on a dry weight basis than the wild-type controls or plants expressing DGAT1 and GPD1 alone. The oil harvest index (g oil per g total dry matter) for DGTA1- and GPD1-co-expressing lines was almost twofold higher as compared to wild type and the lines expressing DGAT1 and GPD1 alone. Therefore, combining the overexpression of TAG biosynthetic genes, DGAT1 and GPD1, appears to be a positive strategy to achieve a synergistic effect on the flux through the TAG synthesis pathway, and thereby further increase the oil yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Chhikara
- Stockbridge School of AgricultureUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA
- Present address:
Centre for BiotechnologyMaharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak124001India
| | - Hesham M. Abdullah
- Stockbridge School of AgricultureUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA
- Biotechnology DepartmentFaculty of AgricultureAl‐Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Parisa Akbari
- Stockbridge School of AgricultureUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA
| | - Danny Schnell
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of AgricultureUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao C, Li H, Zhang W, Wang H, Xu A, Tian J, Zou J, Taylor DC, Zhang M. BnDGAT1s Function Similarly in Oil Deposition and Are Expressed with Uniform Patterns in Tissues of Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2205. [PMID: 29312429 PMCID: PMC5744481 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As an allotetraploid oilcrop, Brassica napus contains four duplicated Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes, which catalyze one of the rate-limiting steps in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in plants. While all four BnDGAT1s have been expressed functionally in yeast, their expression patterns in different germplasms and tissues and also consequent contribution to seed oil accumulation in planta remain to be elucidated. In this study, the coding regions of the four BnDGAT1s were expressed in an Arabidopsis dgat1 mutant. All four BnDGAT1s showed similar effects on oil content and fatty acid composition, a result which is different from that observed in previous studies of their expression in yeast. Expression patterns of BnDGAT1s were analyzed in developing seeds of 34 B. napus inbred lines and in different tissues of 14 lines. Different expression patterns were observed for the four BnDGAT1s, which suggests that they express independently or randomly in different germplasm sources. Higher expression of BnDGAT1s was correlated with higher seed oil content lines. Tissue-specific analyses showed that the BnDGAT1s were expressed in a uniform pattern in different tissues. Our results suggest that it is important to maintain expression of the four BnDGAT1s for maximum return on oil content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Hailan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Aixia Xu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Jitao Zou
- National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Caldo KMP, Acedo JZ, Panigrahi R, Vederas JC, Weselake RJ, Lemieux MJ. Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 Is Regulated by Its N-Terminal Domain in Response to Allosteric Effectors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:667-680. [PMID: 28827454 PMCID: PMC5619907 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is an integral membrane enzyme catalyzing the final and committed step in the acyl-coenzyme A (CoA)-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). The biochemical regulation of TAG assembly remains one of the least understood areas of primary metabolism to date. Here, we report that the hydrophilic N-terminal domain of Brassica napus DGAT1 (BnaDGAT11-113) regulates activity based on acyl-CoA/CoA levels. The N-terminal domain is not necessary for acyltransferase activity and is composed of an intrinsically disordered region and a folded segment. We show that the disordered region has an autoinhibitory function and a dimerization interface, which appears to mediate positive cooperativity, whereas the folded segment of the cytosolic region was found to have an allosteric site for acyl-CoA/CoA. Under increasing acyl-CoA levels, the binding of acyl-CoA with this noncatalytic site facilitates homotropic allosteric activation. Enzyme activation, on the other hand, is prevented under limiting acyl-CoA conditions (low acyl-CoA-to-CoA ratio), whereby CoA acts as a noncompetitive feedback inhibitor through interaction with the same folded segment. The three-dimensional NMR solution structure of the allosteric site revealed an α-helix with a loop connecting a coil fragment. The conserved amino acid residues in the loop interacting with CoA were identified, revealing details of this important regulatory element for allosteric regulation. Based on these results, a model is proposed illustrating the role of the N-terminal domain of BnaDGAT1 as a positive and negative modulator of TAG biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Mark P. Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jeella Z. Acedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rashmi Panigrahi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - John C. Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Randall J. Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Address correspondence to or
| | - M. Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
- Address correspondence to or
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Q, Hu L, Guo J, Yang T, Chen L. Molecular characterization of two type I acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes in maize. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1157036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Li
- Department of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P.R. China
| | - Lizong Hu
- Department of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P.R. China
| | - Jinjie Guo
- Key Laboratory constructed by Ministry of Education and Hebei province, Hebei sub-center for National Maize Improvement Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- Department of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Greer MS, Pan X, Weselake RJ. Two Clades of Type-1 Brassica napus Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Exhibit Differences in Acyl-CoA Preference. Lipids 2016; 51:781-6. [PMID: 27138895 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the acyl-CoA-dependent acylation of sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol to produce triacylglycerol, which is the main component of the seed oil of Brassica oilseed species. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences encoded by four transcriptionally active DGAT1 genes from Brassica napus suggests that the gene forms diverged over time into two clades (I and II), with representative members in each genome (A and C). The majority of the amino acid sequence differences in these forms of DGAT1, however, reside outside of motifs suggested to be involved in catalysis. Despite this, the clade II enzymes displayed a significantly enhanced preference for linoleoyl-CoA when assessed using in-vitro enzyme assays with yeast microsomes containing recombinant enzyme forms. These findings contribute to our understanding of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in B. napus, and may advance our ability to engineer DGAT1s with desired substrate selectivity properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Greer
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Xue Pan
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Branham SE, Wright SJ, Reba A, Linder CR. Genome-Wide Association Study of Arabidopsis thaliana Identifies Determinants of Natural Variation in Seed Oil Composition. J Hered 2016; 107:248-56. [PMID: 26704140 PMCID: PMC4885229 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The renewable source of highly reduced carbon provided by plant triacylglycerols (TAGs) fills an ever increasing demand for food, biodiesel, and industrial chemicals. Each of these uses requires different compositions of fatty acid proportions in seed oils. Identifying the genes responsible for variation in seed oil composition in nature provides targets for bioengineering fatty acid proportions optimized for various industrial and nutrition goals. Here, we characterized the seed oil composition of 391 world-wide, wild accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the 9 major fatty acids in the seed oil and 4 composite measures of the fatty acids. Four to 19 regions of interest were associated with the seed oil composition traits. Thirty-four of the genes in these regions are involved in lipid metabolism or transport, with 14 specific to fatty acid synthesis or breakdown. Eight of the genes encode transcription factors. We have identified genes significantly associated with variation in fatty acid proportions that can be used as a resource across the Brassicaceae. Two-thirds of the regions identified contain candidate genes that have never been implicated in lipid metabolism and represent potential new targets for bioengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Branham
- From the US Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414 (Branham); Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (Wright); Integrative Biology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (Branham, Reba, and Linder).
| | - Sara J Wright
- From the US Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414 (Branham); Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (Wright); Integrative Biology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (Branham, Reba, and Linder)
| | - Aaron Reba
- From the US Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414 (Branham); Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (Wright); Integrative Biology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (Branham, Reba, and Linder)
| | - C Randal Linder
- From the US Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414 (Branham); Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (Wright); Integrative Biology Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (Branham, Reba, and Linder)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arroyo-Caro JM, Mañas-Fernández A, Alonso DL, García-Maroto F. Type I Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (MtDGAT1) from Macadamia tetraphylla: Cloning, Characterization, and Impact of Its Heterologous Expression on Triacylglycerol Composition in Yeast. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:277-285. [PMID: 26666454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyltransferase enzymes have been reported as useful biotechnological tools in order to increase oil yield and modify fatty acid composition. Macadamia species are able to accumulate unusually high levels of palmitoleic acid that besides oleic acid amounts to over 80% of monounsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil. In this work, a gene encoding a type 1 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) was cloned from M. tetraphylla. DGAT activity of the protein encoded by MtDGAT1 was confirmed by heterologous expression in a yeast mutant. Fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols synthesized by MtDGAT1 was compared to that of DGAT1 enzymes from Arabidopsis and Echium, with the results suggesting a substrate preference for monounsaturated over polyunsaturated fatty acids. Characteristics of MtDGAT1 may contribute to biochemical mechanisms determining the particular fatty acid composition of Macadamia oil and also indicate the possibility of using this enzyme in biotechnological approaches where a reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oil is desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José María Arroyo-Caro
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Aurora Mañas-Fernández
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Diego López Alonso
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Federico García-Maroto
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Teh L, Möllers C. Genetic variation and inheritance of phytosterol and oil content in a doubled haploid population derived from the winter oilseed rape Sansibar × Oase cross. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:181-99. [PMID: 26518571 PMCID: PMC4703628 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Identification of QTL for phytosterol content, oil content, fatty acids content, protein content of defatted meal, and seed weight by multiple interval mapping in a Brassica napus DH population. Phytosterols are minor seed constituents in oilseed rape which have recently drawn wide-interest from the food and nutrition industry due to their health benefit in lowering LDL cholesterol in humans. To understand the genetic basis of phytosterol content and its relationship with other seed quality traits in oilseed rape, QTL mapping was performed in a segregating DH population derived from the cross of two winter oilseed rape varieties, Sansibar and Oase, termed SODH population. Both parental lines are of canola quality which differ in phytosterol and oil content in seed. A genetic map was constructed for SODH population based on a total of 1638 markers organized in 23 linkage groups and covering a map length of 2350 cM with a mean marker interval of 2.0 cM. The SODH population and the parental lines were cultivated at six environments in Europe and were phenotyped for phytosterol content, oil content, fatty acids content, protein content of the defatted meal, and seed weight. Multiple interval mapping identified between one and six QTL for nine phytosterol traits, between two and six QTL for four fatty acids, five QTL for oil content, four QTL for protein content of defatted meal, and three QTL for seed weight. Colocalizations of QTL for different traits were more frequently observed than individual isolated QTL. Major QTL (R (2) ≥ 25%) were all located in the A genome, and the possible candidate genes were investigated by physical localization of the QTL to the reference genome sequence of Brassica rapa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishia Teh
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Möllers
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wan H, Cui Y, Ding Y, Mei J, Dong H, Zhang W, Wu S, Liang Y, Zhang C, Li J, Xiong Q, Qian W. Time-Series Analyses of Transcriptomes and Proteomes Reveal Molecular Networks Underlying Oil Accumulation in Canola. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2007. [PMID: 28119706 PMCID: PMC5222877 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism is vital for genetic engineering of canola (Brassica napus L.) to increase oil yield or modify oil composition. We conducted time-series analyses of transcriptomes and proteomes to uncover the molecular networks associated with oil accumulation and dynamic changes in these networks in canola. The expression levels of genes and proteins were measured at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after pollination (WAP). Our results show that the biosynthesis of fatty acids is a dominant cellular process from 2 to 6 WAP, while the degradation mainly happens after 6 WAP. We found that genes in almost every node of fatty acid synthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated during oil accumulation. Moreover, significant expression changes of two genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and acyl-ACP desaturase, were detected on both transcriptomic and proteomic levels. We confirmed the temporal expression patterns revealed by the transcriptomic analyses using quantitative real-time PCR experiments. The gene set association analysis show that the biosynthesis of fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids are the most significant biological processes from 2-4 WAP and 4-6 WAP, respectively, which is consistent with the results of time-series analyses. These results not only provide insight into the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism, but also reveal novel candidate genes that are worth further investigation for their values in the genetic engineering of canola.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Wan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of EducationChongqing, China
| | - Yixin Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yijuan Ding
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jiaqin Mei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of EducationChongqing, China
| | - Hongli Dong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of EducationChongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of EducationChongqing, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Qian, Qing Xiong,
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of EducationChongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Qian, Qing Xiong,
| |
Collapse
|