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Zhen X, Liu C, Guo Y, Yu Z, Han Y, Zhang B, Liang Y. Leaf Senescence Regulation Mechanism Based on Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Foxtail Millet. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3905. [PMID: 38612713 PMCID: PMC11011800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence, a pivotal process in plants, directly influences both crop yield and nutritional quality. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is a C4 model crop renowned for its exceptional nutritional value and stress tolerance characteristics. However, there is a lack of research on the identification of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms governing this process. In this study, a dark-induced senescence (DIS) experimental system was applied to investigate the extensive physiological and transcriptomic changes in two foxtail millet varieties with different degrees of leaf senescence. The physiological and biochemical indices revealed that the light senescence (LS) variety exhibited a delayed senescence phenotype, whereas the severe senescence (SS) variety exhibited an accelerated senescence phenotype. The most evident differences in gene expression profiles between these two varieties during DIS included photosynthesis, chlorophyll, and lipid metabolism. Comparative transcriptome analysis further revealed a significant up-regulation of genes related to polysaccharide and calcium ion binding, nitrogen utilization, defense response, and malate metabolism in LS. In contrast, the expression of genes associated with redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and hormone signaling was significantly altered in SS. Through WGCNA and RT-qPCR analyses, we identified three SAGs that exhibit potential negative regulation towards dark-induced leaf senescence in foxtail millet. This study establishes the foundation for a further comprehensive examination of the regulatory network governing leaf senescence and provides potential genetic resources for manipulating senescence in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Z.); (C.L.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | | | - Yinpei Liang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Z.); (C.L.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.); (B.Z.)
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2
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Labastida D, Ingvarsson PK, Rendón-Anaya M. Dissecting the genetic basis of drought responses in common bean using natural variation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1143873. [PMID: 37780498 PMCID: PMC10538545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is the most important legume for human consumption, contributing 30% of the total daily protein intake in developing countries. A major limitation for its cultivation is drought, which causes more than 60% of the annual losses. Among physiological adaptations to drought, delaying senescence and extending the photosynthetic capacity can improve crop productivity. This strategy is known as functional "stay-green" (SG) and has been discussed as a goal in plant breeding to alleviate the loss of yield under water scarcity conditions. The genetic components behind SG traits have been explored specially in cereals, but they are to date poorly studied in the common bean. For this, we screened 71 common bean cultivars belonging to the three most important gene-pools, Mesoamerica, Andes and Europe, selected to cover the natural variation of the species. Phenotyping experiments under terminal drought during long-days in greenhouse conditions, identified six photoperiod insensitive cultivars of European origin with a clear SG phenotype. Using SNP data produced from whole genome re-sequencing data, we obtained 10 variants significantly associated to the SG phenotype on chromosomes 1, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10 that are in close proximity to gene models with functional annotations related to hormone signaling and anti-oxidant production. Calculating pairwise FST between subgroups of cultivars divided according to their drought response (susceptibility, escape, recovery or SG), we identified up to 29 genomic windows accounting for 1,45Mb that differentiate SG cultivars; these signals were especially strong on chromosomes 1, 5 and 10. Within these windows, we found genes directly involved in photosynthetic processes and trehalose synthesis. Altogether, these signals represent good targets for further characterization and highlight the multigenic nature of the SG response in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Labastida
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Pär K. Ingvarsson
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martha Rendón-Anaya
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Baloch FS, Altaf MT, Liaqat W, Bedir M, Nadeem MA, Cömertpay G, Çoban N, Habyarimana E, Barutçular C, Cerit I, Ludidi N, Karaköy T, Aasim M, Chung YS, Nawaz MA, Hatipoğlu R, Kökten K, Sun HJ. Recent advancements in the breeding of sorghum crop: current status and future strategies for marker-assisted breeding. Front Genet 2023; 14:1150616. [PMID: 37252661 PMCID: PMC10213934 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is emerging as a model crop for functional genetics and genomics of tropical grasses with abundant uses, including food, feed, and fuel, among others. It is currently the fifth most significant primary cereal crop. Crops are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses, which negatively impact on agricultural production. Developing high-yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient cultivars can be achieved through marker-assisted breeding. Such selection has considerably reduced the time to market new crop varieties adapted to challenging conditions. In the recent years, extensive knowledge was gained about genetic markers. We are providing an overview of current advances in sorghum breeding initiatives, with a special focus on early breeders who may not be familiar with DNA markers. Advancements in molecular plant breeding, genetics, genomics selection, and genome editing have contributed to a thorough understanding of DNA markers, provided various proofs of the genetic variety accessible in crop plants, and have substantially enhanced plant breeding technologies. Marker-assisted selection has accelerated and precised the plant breeding process, empowering plant breeders all around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Tanveer Altaf
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Waqas Liaqat
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Bedir
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Azhar Nadeem
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Gönül Cömertpay
- Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Nergiz Çoban
- Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ephrem Habyarimana
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Celaleddin Barutçular
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Cerit
- Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ndomelele Ludidi
- Plant Stress Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Tolga Karaköy
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Aasim
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Rüştü Hatipoğlu
- Kırşehir Ahi Evran Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Tarla Bitkileri Bolumu, Kırşehir, Türkiye
| | - Kağan Kökten
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Hyeon-Jin Sun
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Shang L, Wu X, Hao H, Jing HC. Genomic architecture of leaf senescence in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:45. [PMID: 36905488 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence in sorghum is primarily controlled by the progression, but not by the onset of senescence. The senescence-delaying haplotypes of 45 key genes accentuated from landraces to improved lines. Leaf senescence is a genetically programmed developmental process and plays a central role for plant survival and crop production by remobilising nutrients accumulated in senescent leaves. In theory, the ultimate outcome of leaf senescence is determined by the onset and progression of senescence, but how these two processes contribute to senescence is not fully illustrated in crops and the genetic basis for them is not well understood. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), which is known for the remarkable stay-green trait, is ideal for dissecting the genomic architecture underlying the regulation of senescence. In this study, a diverse panel of 333 sorghum lines was explored for the onset and progression of leaf senescence. Trait correlation analysis showed that the progression of leaf senescence, rather than the onset of leaf senescence, significantly correlated with variations of the final leaf greenness. This notion was further supported by GWAS, which identified 31 senescence-associated genomic regions containing 148 genes, of which 124 were related to the progression of leaf senescence. The senescence-delaying haplotypes of 45 key candidate genes were enriched in lines with extremely prolonged senescence duration, while senescence-promoting haplotypes in those with extremely accelerated senescence. Haplotype combinations of these genes could well explain the segregation of the senescence trait in a recombinant inbred population. We also demonstrated that senescence-delaying haplotypes of candidate genes were under strong selection during sorghum domestication and genetic improvement. Together, this research advanced our understanding of crop leaf senescence and provided a suite of candidate genes for functional genomics and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Shang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huaiqing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Grass-Based Livestock Husbandry, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Pardo J, Wai CM, Harman M, Nguyen A, Kremling KA, Romay MC, Lepak N, Bauerle TL, Buckler ES, Thompson AM, VanBuren R. Cross-species predictive modeling reveals conserved drought responses between maize and sorghum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216894120. [PMID: 36848555 PMCID: PMC10013860 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216894120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought tolerance is a highly complex trait controlled by numerous interconnected pathways with substantial variation within and across plant species. This complexity makes it difficult to distill individual genetic loci underlying tolerance, and to identify core or conserved drought-responsive pathways. Here, we collected drought physiology and gene expression datasets across diverse genotypes of the C4 cereals sorghum and maize and searched for signatures defining water-deficit responses. Differential gene expression identified few overlapping drought-associated genes across sorghum genotypes, but using a predictive modeling approach, we found a shared core drought response across development, genotype, and stress severity. Our model had similar robustness when applied to datasets in maize, reflecting a conserved drought response between sorghum and maize. The top predictors are enriched in functions associated with various abiotic stress-responsive pathways as well as core cellular functions. These conserved drought response genes were less likely to contain deleterious mutations than other gene sets, suggesting that core drought-responsive genes are under evolutionary and functional constraints. Our findings support a broad evolutionary conservation of drought responses in C4 grasses regardless of innate stress tolerance, which could have important implications for developing climate resilient cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Pardo
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Ching Man Wai
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Maxwell Harman
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Annie Nguyen
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Karl A. Kremling
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Maria Cinta Romay
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Nicholas Lepak
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Taryn L. Bauerle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Edward S. Buckler
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Addie M. Thompson
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Robert VanBuren
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
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6
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Dong H, Birhan T, Abajebel N, Wakjira M, Mitiku T, Lemke C, Vadez V, Paterson AH, Bantte K. Natural variation further increases resilience of sorghum bred for chronically drought-prone environments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5730-5744. [PMID: 35605043 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major constraints for crop production in the Sahel region of Africa. Here, we explore the potential to use natural genetic variation to build on the inherent drought tolerance of an elite sorghum cultivar, Teshale, that has been bred for Ethiopian conditions including chronic drought. We evaluated a backcross nested-association mapping population using 12 diverse founder lines crossed with Teshale under three drought-prone environments in Ethiopia. All 12 populations averaged higher head exsertion and lower leaf senescence than the recurrent parent in the two most stressful environments, reflecting new drought resilience mechanisms from the donors. A total of 154 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for eight drought-responsive traits, and their validity was supported by the fact that 113 (73.4%) overlapped with QTLs previously detected for the same traits, concentrated in regions previously associated with 'stay-green' traits. Allele effects showed that some favourable alleles are already present in the Ethiopian cultivar; however, the exotic donors offer rich scope for increasing drought resilience. Using model-selected SNPs associated with the eight traits identified in this study and three in a companion study, phenotypic prediction accuracies for grain yield were equivalent to genome-wide SNPs and were significantly better than random SNPs, indicating that the selected traits are predictive of sorghum grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Dong
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Techale Birhan
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | - Nezif Abajebel
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | - Misganu Wakjira
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Mitiku
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | - Cornelia Lemke
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kassahun Bantte
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia
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7
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Yu J, Wang Z, Wang J, Mohisn A, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhuang Y, Guo M. Physiological metabolic topology analysis of Halomonas elongata DSM 2581 T in response to sodium chloride stress. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3509-3525. [PMID: 36062959 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata DSM 2581T generally adapts well to high level of salinity by biosynthesizing ectoine, which functions as an important compatible solute protecting the cell against external salinity environment. Halophilic bacteria have specific metabolic activities under high-salt conditions and are gradually applied in various industries. The present study focuses on investigating the physiological and metabolic mechanism of Halomonas elongata DSM 2581T driven by the external salinity environment. The physiological metabolic dynamics under salt stress were investigated to evaluate the effect of NaCl stress on the metabolism of H. elongata. The obtained results demonstrated that ectoine biosynthesis transited from a non-growth-related process to a growth-related process when the NaCl concentration varied from 1% to 13% (w/v). The maximum biomass (Xm =41.37 g/L), and highest ectoine production (Pm =12.91 g/L) were achieved under 8% NaCl. Moreover, the maximum biomass (Xm ) and the maximum specific growth rates (μm ) showed a first rising and then declining trend with the increased NaCl stress. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis of H. elongata under different NaCl concentrations demonstrated that both 8% and 13% NaCl conditions resulted in increased expressions of genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway, Flagellar assembly pathway and ectoine metabolism, but negatively affected the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and Fatty acid metabolism. At last, the proposed possible adaptation mechanism under the optimum NaCl concentration in H. elongata was described. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ali Mohisn
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Abreha KB, Enyew M, Carlsson AS, Vetukuri RR, Feyissa T, Motlhaodi T, Ng'uni D, Geleta M. Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress. PLANTA 2021; 255:20. [PMID: 34894286 PMCID: PMC8665920 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Droughts negatively affect sorghum's productivity and nutritional quality. Across its diversity centers, however, there exist resilient genotypes that function differently under drought stress at various levels, including molecular and physiological. Sorghum is an economically important and a staple food crop for over half a billion people in developing countries, mostly in arid and semi-arid regions where drought stress is a major limiting factor. Although sorghum is generally considered tolerant, drought stress still significantly hampers its productivity and nutritional quality across its major cultivation areas. Hence, understanding both the effects of the stress and plant response is indispensable for improving drought tolerance of the crop. This review aimed at enhancing our understanding and provide more insights on drought tolerance in sorghum as a contribution to the development of climate resilient sorghum cultivars. We summarized findings on the effects of drought on the growth and development of sorghum including osmotic potential that impedes germination process and embryonic structures, photosynthetic rates, and imbalance in source-sink relations that in turn affect seed filling often manifested in the form of substantial reduction in grain yield and quality. Mechanisms of sorghum response to drought-stress involving morphological, physiological, and molecular alterations are presented. We highlighted the current understanding about the genetic basis of drought tolerance in sorghum, which is important for maximizing utilization of its germplasm for development of improved cultivars. Furthermore, we discussed interactions of drought with other abiotic stresses and biotic factors, which may increase the vulnerability of the crop or enhance its tolerance to drought stress. Based on the research reviewed in this article, it appears possible to develop locally adapted cultivars of sorghum that are drought tolerant and nutrient rich using modern plant breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom B Abreha
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden.
| | - Muluken Enyew
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Ramesh R Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tiny Motlhaodi
- Department of Agricultural Research, Private Bag, 0033, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Dickson Ng'uni
- Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Mount Makulu Research Station, P/B 7, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
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9
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Guddimalli R, Somanaboina AK, Palle SR, Edupuganti S, Kummari D, Palakolanu SR, Naravula J, Gandra J, Qureshi IA, Marka N, Polavarapu R, Kavi Kishor PB. Overexpression of RNA-binding bacterial chaperones in rice leads to stay-green phenotype, improved yield and tolerance to salt and drought stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1351-1368. [PMID: 33583030 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding bacterial cold shock proteins A (CspA, 213 bp) and B (CspB, 216 bp) were isolated from Escherichia coli strain K12, which showed 100% homology with gene sequences isolated from other bacterial species. In silico domain, analysis showed eukaryotic conserved cold shock domain (CSD) and ribonuclease-binding domain (RBD) indicating that they bind to RNA and are involved in temperature stress tolerance. Overexpression of these two genes in E. coli resulted in higher growth in presence of 200 mM NaCl and 300 mM mannitol. Western blot confirmed the translational products of the two genes. Seedlings of indica rice were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing pCAMBIA1301 CspA and CspB genes. Transgene integration was confirmed by β-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and gene copy number by Southern blotting. Chlorophyll, proline, Na+ , and K+ contents were higher in transgenics exposed to 150 mM NaCl and drought (imposed by withholding water) stresses during floral initiation stage. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was low in transgenics. Transgenics displayed increased root, shoot, and panicle lengths, root dry mass, and a distinct stay-green (SGR) phenotype. Higher transcript levels of CspA, CspB, SGR, chlorophyllase, isopentenyl adenine transferase 1 (IPT1), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), SOD, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) genes were observed in transgenics compared to wild type plants (WT) under multiple stresses. Present work indicates that bacterial chaperone proteins are capable of imparting SGR phenotype, salt and drought stress tolerance alongside grain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kumar Somanaboina
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, India
| | | | | | - Divya Kummari
- Cell, Molecular & Genetic Engineering Lab, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu
- Cell, Molecular & Genetic Engineering Lab, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jalaja Naravula
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, India
| | - Jawahar Gandra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences B-II, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Insaf A Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagaraju Marka
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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Jensen E, Shafiei R, Ma X, Serba DD, Smith DP, Slavov GT, Robson P, Farrar K, Thomas Jones S, Swaller T, Flavell R, Clifton‐Brown J, Saha MC, Donnison I. Linkage mapping evidence for a syntenic QTL associated with flowering time in perennial C 4 rhizomatous grasses Miscanthus and switchgrass. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY. BIOENERGY 2021; 13:98-111. [PMID: 33381230 PMCID: PMC7756372 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flowering in perennial species is directed via complex signalling pathways that adjust to developmental regulations and environmental cues. Synchronized flowering in certain environments is a prerequisite to commercial seed production, and so the elucidation of the genetic architecture of flowering time in Miscanthus and switchgrass could aid breeding in these underdeveloped species. In this context, we assessed a mapping population in Miscanthus and two ecologically diverse switchgrass mapping populations over 3 years from planting. Multiple flowering time quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in both species. Remarkably, the most significant Miscanthus and switchgrass QTL proved to be syntenic, located on linkage groups 4 and 2, with logarithm of odds scores of 17.05 and 21.8 respectively. These QTL regions contained three flowering time transcription factors: Squamosa Promoter-binding protein-Like, MADS-box SEPELLATA2 and gibberellin-responsive bHLH137. The former is emerging as a key component of the age-related flowering time pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Jensen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Reza Shafiei
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
- University of Dundee at JHIDundeeUK
| | - Xue‐Feng Ma
- Ceres, Inc.Thousand OaksCAUSA
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOKUSA
| | - Desalegn D. Serba
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOKUSA
- Agricultural Research Center‐HaysKansas State UniversityHaysKSUSA
| | - Daniel P. Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
- ScionRotoruaNew Zealand
| | - Gancho T. Slavov
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
- ScionRotoruaNew Zealand
| | - Paul Robson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Kerrie Farrar
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Sian Thomas Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Timothy Swaller
- Ceres, Inc.Thousand OaksCAUSA
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research FoundationSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Richard Flavell
- Ceres, Inc.Thousand OaksCAUSA
- International Wheat Yield PartnershipTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - John Clifton‐Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | | | - Iain Donnison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
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11
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Tu M, Li Y. Profiling Alternative 3' Untranslated Regions in Sorghum using RNA-seq Data. Front Genet 2020; 11:556749. [PMID: 33193635 PMCID: PMC7649775 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.556749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is an important crop widely used for food, feed, and fuel. Transcriptome-wide studies of 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTR) using regular RNA-seq remain scarce in sorghum, while transcriptomes have been characterized extensively using Illumina short-read sequencing platforms for many sorghum varieties under various conditions or developmental contexts. 3′UTR is a critical regulatory component of genes, controlling the translation, transport, and stability of messenger RNAs. In the present study, we profiled the alternative 3′UTRs at the transcriptome level in three genetically related but phenotypically contrasting lines of sorghum: Rio, BTx406, and R9188. A total of 1,197 transcripts with alternative 3′UTRs were detected using RNA-seq data. Their categorization identified 612 high-confidence alternative 3′UTRs. Importantly, the high-confidence alternative 3′UTR genes significantly overlapped with the genesets that are associated with RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, suggesting a clear indication between alternative 3′UTR and m6A methylation in sorghum. Moreover, taking advantage of sorghum genetics, we provided evidence of genotype specificity of alternative 3′UTR usage. In summary, our work exemplifies a transcriptome-wide profiling of alternative 3′UTRs using regular RNA-seq data in non-model crops and gains insights into alternative 3′UTRs and their genotype specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tu
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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12
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Fine-Mapping of Sorghum Stay-Green QTL on Chromosome10 Revealed Genes Associated with Delayed Senescence. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091026. [PMID: 32883037 PMCID: PMC7565436 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to dissect the genetic basis and to explore the candidate genes underlying one of the important genomic regions on an SBI-10 long arm (L), governing the complex stay-green trait contributing to post-flowering drought-tolerance in sorghum. A fine-mapping population was developed from an introgression line cross—RSG04008-6 (stay-green) × J2614-11 (moderately senescent). The fine-mapping population with 1894 F2 was genotyped with eight SSRs and a set of 152 recombinants was identified, advanced to the F4 generation, field evaluated with three replications over 2 seasons, and genotyped with the GBS approach. A high-resolution linkage map was developed for SBI-10L using 260 genotyping by sequencing—Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (GBS–SNPs). Using the best linear unpredicted means (BLUPs) of the percent green leaf area (%GL) traits and the GBS-based SNPs, we identified seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) clusters and single gene, mostly involved in drought-tolerance, for each QTL cluster, viz., AP2/ERF transcription factor family (Sobic.010G202700), NBS-LRR protein (Sobic.010G205600), ankyrin-repeat protein (Sobic.010G205800), senescence-associated protein (Sobic.010G270300), WD40 (Sobic.010G205900), CPK1 adapter protein (Sobic.010G264400), LEA2 protein (Sobic.010G259200) and an expressed protein (Sobic.010G201100). The target genomic region was thus delimited from 15 Mb to 8 genes co-localized with QTL clusters, and validated using quantitative real-time (qRT)–PCR.
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13
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Goche T, Shargie NG, Cummins I, Brown AP, Chivasa S, Ngara R. Comparative physiological and root proteome analyses of two sorghum varieties responding to water limitation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11835. [PMID: 32678202 PMCID: PMC7366710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
When exposed to drought stress many plants reprogram their gene expression to activate adaptive biochemical and physiological responses for survival. However, most of the well-studied adaptive responses are common between drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant species, making it difficult to identify the key mechanisms underpinning successful drought tolerance in crops. We developed a sorghum experimental system that compares between drought-sensitive (ICSB338) and enhanced drought-tolerant (SA1441) varieties. We show that sorghum activates a swift and robust stomatal shutdown to preserve leaf water content when water stress has been sensed. Water uptake is enhanced via increasing root cell water potential through the rapid biosynthesis of predominantly glycine betaine and an increased root-to-shoot ratio to explore more soil volume for water. In addition to stomatal responses, there is a prompt accumulation of proline in leaves and effective protection of chlorophyll during periods of water limitation. Root and stomatal functions rapidly recover from water limitation (within 24 h of re-watering) in the drought-tolerant variety, but recovery is impaired in the drought-sensitive sorghum variety. Analysis of the root proteome revealed complex protein networks that possibly underpin sorghum responses to water limitation. Common and unique protein changes between the two sorghum varieties provide new targets for future use in investigating sorghum drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatenda Goche
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, P. Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | - Nemera G Shargie
- Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops Institute, P. Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Ian Cummins
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Adrian P Brown
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Stephen Chivasa
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Rudo Ngara
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, P. Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa.
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14
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Transcriptome analysis of drought-tolerant sorghum genotype SC56 in response to water stress reveals an oxidative stress defense strategy. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3291-3303. [PMID: 32303956 PMCID: PMC7239807 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drought tolerance is a crucial trait for crops to curtail the yield loss inflicted by water stress, yet genetic improvement efforts are challenged by the complexity of this character. The adaptation of sorghum to abiotic stress, its genotypic variability, and relatively small genome make this species well-suited to dissect the molecular basis of drought tolerance. The use of differential transcriptome analysis provides a snapshot of the bioprocesses underlying drought response as well as genes that might be determinants of the drought tolerance trait. RNA sequencing data were analyzed via gene ontology enrichment to compare the transcriptome profiles of two sorghum lines, the drought-tolerant SC56 and the drought-sensitive Tx7000. SC56 outperformed Tx7000 in wet conditions by upregulating processes driving growth and guaranteeing homeostasis. The drought tolerance of SC56 seems to be an intrinsic trait occurring through overexpressing stress tolerance genes in wet conditions, notably genes acting in defense against oxidative stress (SOD1, SOD2, VTC1, MDAR1, MSRB2, and ABC1K1). Similarly to wet conditions, under drought, SC56 enhanced its transmembrane transport and maintained growth-promoting mechanisms. Under drought, SC56 also upregulated stress tolerance genes that heighten the antioxidant capacity (SOD1, RCI3, VTE1, UCP1, FD1, and FD2), regulatory factors (CIPK1 and CRK7), and repressors of premature senescence (SAUL1). The differential expression analysis uncovered biological processes which upregulation enables SC56 to be a better accumulator of biomass and connects the drought tolerance trait to key stress tolerance genes, making this genotype a judicious choice for isolation of tolerance genes.
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15
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Morales F, Ancín M, Fakhet D, González-Torralba J, Gámez AL, Seminario A, Soba D, Ben Mariem S, Garriga M, Aranjuelo I. Photosynthetic Metabolism under Stressful Growth Conditions as a Bases for Crop Breeding and Yield Improvement. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E88. [PMID: 31936732 PMCID: PMC7020424 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased periods of water shortage and higher temperatures, together with a reduction in nutrient availability, have been proposed as major factors that negatively impact plant development. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is the basis of crop production for animal and human food, and for this reason, it has been selected as a primary target for crop phenotyping/breeding studies. Within this context, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the response and acclimation of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to multiple changing environmental conditions (including nutrients, water availability, and rising temperature) is a matter of great concern for the understanding of plant behavior under stress conditions, and for the development of new strategies and tools for enhancing plant growth in the future. The current review aims to analyze, from a multi-perspective approach (ranging across breeding, gas exchange, genomics, etc.) the impact of changing environmental conditions on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and, consequently, plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
- Dpto. Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), CSIC, Apdo. 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ancín
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Dorra Fakhet
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Jon González-Torralba
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology, Dpto. Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Angie L. Gámez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Amaia Seminario
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Sinda Ben Mariem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Miguel Garriga
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
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16
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Transcriptomic analysis of field-droughted sorghum from seedling to maturity reveals biotic and metabolic responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:27124-27132. [PMID: 31806758 PMCID: PMC6936495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907500116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular response of plants to drought is critical to efforts to improve agricultural yields under increasingly frequent droughts. We grew 2 cultivars of the naturally drought-tolerant food crop sorghum in the field under drought stress. We sequenced the mRNA from weekly samples of these plants, resulting in a molecular profile of drought response over the growing season. We find molecular differences in the 2 cultivars that help explain their differing tolerances to drought and evidence of a disruption in the plant’s symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Our findings are of practical importance for agricultural breeding programs, while the resulting data are a resource for the plant and microbial communities for studying the dynamics of drought response. Drought is the most important environmental stress limiting crop yields. The C4 cereal sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a critical food, forage, and emerging bioenergy crop that is notably drought-tolerant. We conducted a large-scale field experiment, imposing preflowering and postflowering drought stress on 2 genotypes of sorghum across a tightly resolved time series, from plant emergence to postanthesis, resulting in a dataset of nearly 400 transcriptomes. We observed a fast and global transcriptomic response in leaf and root tissues with clear temporal patterns, including modulation of well-known drought pathways. We also identified genotypic differences in core photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging pathways, highlighting possible mechanisms of drought tolerance and of the delayed senescence, characteristic of the stay-green phenotype. Finally, we discovered a large-scale depletion in the expression of genes critical to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, with a corresponding drop in AM fungal mass in the plants’ roots.
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17
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Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Abdelrahman M, Abdellatef E, Tsujimoto H. Stay-Green Trait: A Prospective Approach for Yield Potential, and Drought and Heat Stress Adaptation in Globally Important Cereals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5837. [PMID: 31757070 PMCID: PMC6928793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield losses in cereal crops because of abiotic stress and the expected huge losses from climate change indicate our urgent need for useful traits to achieve food security. The stay-green (SG) is a secondary trait that enables crop plants to maintain their green leaves and photosynthesis capacity for a longer time after anthesis, especially under drought and heat stress conditions. Thus, SG plants have longer grain-filling period and subsequently higher yield than non-SG. SG trait was recognized as a superior characteristic for commercially bred cereal selection to overcome the current yield stagnation in alliance with yield adaptability and stability. Breeding for functional SG has contributed in improving crop yields, particularly when it is combined with other useful traits. Thus, elucidating the molecular and physiological mechanisms associated with SG trait is maybe the key to defeating the stagnation in productivity associated with adaptation to environmental stress. This review discusses the recent advances in SG as a crucial trait for genetic improvement of the five major cereal crops, sorghum, wheat, rice, maize, and barley with particular emphasis on the physiological consequences of SG trait. Finally, we provided perspectives on future directions for SG research that addresses present and future global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
- Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad-Medani P.O. Box 126, Sudan
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
- Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad-Medani P.O. Box 126, Sudan
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Eltayb Abdellatef
- Commission for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, National Center for Research, Khartoum P.O. Box 6096, Sudan;
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
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18
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Li Y, Tu M, Feng Y, Wang W, Messing J. Common metabolic networks contribute to carbon sink strength of sorghum internodes: implications for bioenergy improvement. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:274. [PMID: 31832097 PMCID: PMC6868837 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorghum bicolor (L.) is an important bioenergy source. The stems of sweet sorghum function as carbon sinks and accumulate large amounts of sugars and lignocellulosic biomass and considerable amounts of starch, therefore providing a model of carbon allocation and accumulation for other bioenergy crops. While omics data sets for sugar accumulation have been reported in different genotypes, the common features of primary metabolism in sweet genotypes remain unclear. To obtain a cohesive and comparative picture of carbohydrate metabolism between sorghum genotypes, we compared the phenotypes and transcriptome dynamics of sugar-accumulating internodes among three different sweet genotypes (Della, Rio, and SIL-05) and two non-sweet genotypes (BTx406 and R9188). RESULTS Field experiments showed that Della and Rio had similar dynamics and internode patterns of sugar concentration, albeit distinct other phenotypes. Interestingly, cellulose synthases for primary cell wall and key genes in starch synthesis and degradation were coordinately upregulated in sweet genotypes. Sweet sorghums maintained active monolignol biosynthesis compared to the non-sweet genotypes. Comparative RNA-seq results support the role of candidate Tonoplast Sugar Transporter gene (TST), but not the Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter genes (SWEETs) in the different sugar accumulations between sweet and non-sweet genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Comparisons of the expression dynamics of carbon metabolic genes across the RNA-seq data sets identify several candidate genes with contrasting expression patterns between sweet and non-sweet sorghum lines, including genes required for cellulose and monolignol synthesis (CesA, PTAL, and CCR), starch metabolism (AGPase, SS, SBE, and G6P-translocator SbGPT2), and sucrose metabolism and transport (TPP and TST2). The common transcriptome features of primary metabolism identified here suggest the metabolic networks contributing to carbon sink strength in sorghum internodes, prioritize the candidate genes for manipulating carbon allocation with bioenergy purposes, and provide a comparative and cohesive picture of the complexity of carbon sink strength in sorghum stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Min Tu
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Yaping Feng
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Wenqing Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Joachim Messing
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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19
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Sekhon RS, Saski C, Kumar R, Flinn BS, Luo F, Beissinger TM, Ackerman AJ, Breitzman MW, Bridges WC, de Leon N, Kaeppler SM. Integrated Genome-Scale Analysis Identifies Novel Genes and Networks Underlying Senescence in Maize. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1968-1989. [PMID: 31239390 PMCID: PMC6751112 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Premature senescence in annual crops reduces yield, while delayed senescence, termed stay-green, imposes positive and negative impacts on yield and nutrition quality. Despite its importance, scant information is available on the genetic architecture of senescence in maize (Zea mays) and other cereals. We combined a systematic characterization of natural diversity for senescence in maize and coexpression networks derived from transcriptome analysis of normally senescing and stay-green lines. Sixty-four candidate genes were identified by genome-wide association study (GWAS), and 14 of these genes are supported by additional evidence for involvement in senescence-related processes including proteolysis, sugar transport and signaling, and sink activity. Eight of the GWAS candidates, independently supported by a coexpression network underlying stay-green, include a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, a NAC transcription factor, and two xylan biosynthetic enzymes. Source-sink communication and the activity of cell walls as a secondary sink emerge as key determinants of stay-green. Mutant analysis supports the role of a candidate encoding Cys protease in stay-green in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and analysis of natural alleles suggests a similar role in maize. This study provides a foundation for enhanced understanding and manipulation of senescence for increasing carbon yield, nutritional quality, and stress tolerance of maize and other cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajandeep S Sekhon
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 314 Biosystems Research Complex, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Christopher Saski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 306B Biosystems Research Complex, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 314 Biosystems Research Complex, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Barry S Flinn
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 306B Biosystems Research Complex, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, 210 McAdams Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Timothy M Beissinger
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arlyn J Ackerman
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 314 Biosystems Research Complex, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Matthew W Breitzman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - William C Bridges
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, O-117 Martin Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Natalia de Leon
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Shawn M Kaeppler
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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20
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Dwivedi SL, Siddique KHM, Farooq M, Thornton PK, Ortiz R. Using Biotechnology-Led Approaches to Uplift Cereal and Food Legume Yields in Dryland Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 30210519 PMCID: PMC6120061 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat in dryland agriculture challenge the enhancement of crop productivity and threaten global food security. This review is centered on harnessing genetic variation through biotechnology-led approaches to select for increased productivity and stress tolerance that will enhance crop adaptation in dryland environments. Peer-reviewed literature, mostly from the last decade and involving experiments with at least two seasons' data, form the basis of this review. It begins by highlighting the adverse impact of the increasing intensity and duration of drought and heat stress due to global warming on crop productivity and its impact on food and nutritional security in dryland environments. This is followed by (1) an overview of the physiological and molecular basis of plant adaptation to elevated CO2 (eCO2), drought, and heat stress; (2) the critical role of high-throughput phenotyping platforms to study phenomes and genomes to increase breeding efficiency; (3) opportunities to enhance stress tolerance and productivity in food crops (cereals and grain legumes) by deploying biotechnology-led approaches [pyramiding quantitative trait loci (QTL), genomic selection, marker-assisted recurrent selection, epigenetic variation, genome editing, and transgene) and inducing flowering independent of environmental clues to match the length of growing season; (4) opportunities to increase productivity in C3 crops by harnessing novel variations (genes and network) in crops' (C3, C4) germplasm pools associated with increased photosynthesis; and (5) the adoption, impact, risk assessment, and enabling policy environments to scale up the adoption of seed-technology to enhance food and nutritional security. This synthesis of technological innovations and insights in seed-based technology offers crop genetic enhancers further opportunities to increase crop productivity in dryland environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Farooq
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud, Oman
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Philip K. Thornton
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Guo Z, Yang W, Chang Y, Ma X, Tu H, Xiong F, Jiang N, Feng H, Huang C, Yang P, Zhao H, Chen G, Liu H, Luo L, Hu H, Liu Q, Xiong L. Genome-Wide Association Studies of Image Traits Reveal Genetic Architecture of Drought Resistance in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:789-805. [PMID: 29614319 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how plants respond to drought can benefit drought resistance (DR) breeding. Using a non-destructive phenotyping facility, 51 image-based traits (i-traits) for 507 rice accessions were extracted. These i-traits can be used to monitor drought responses and evaluate DR. High heritability and large variation of these traits was observed under drought stress in the natural population. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of i-traits and traditional DR traits identified 470 association loci, some containing known DR-related genes. Of these 470 loci, 443 loci (94%) were identified using i-traits, 437 loci (93%) co-localized with previously reported DR-related quantitative trait loci, and 313 loci (66.6%) were reproducibly identified by GWAS in different years. Association networks, established based on GWAS results, revealed hub i-traits and hub loci. This demonstrates the feasibility and necessity of dissecting the complex DR trait into heritable and simple i-traits. As proof of principle, we illustrated the power of this integrated approach to identify previously unreported DR-related genes. OsPP15 was associated with a hub i-trait, and its role in DR was confirmed by genetic transformation experiments. Furthermore, i-traits can be used for DR linkage analyses, and 69 i-trait locus associations were identified by both GWAS and linkage analysis of a recombinant inbred line population. Finally, we confirmed the relevance of i-traits to DR in the field. Our study provides a promising novel approach for the genetic dissection and discovery of causal genes for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wanneng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaosong Ma
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Haifu Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ni Jiang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoxing Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Ghate T, Deshpande S, Bhargava S. Accumulation of stem sugar and its remobilisation in response to drought stress in a sweet sorghum genotype and its near-isogenic lines carrying different stay-green loci. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:396-405. [PMID: 28032438 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Near isogenic lines (NILs) of sweet sorghum genotype S35 into which individual stay green loci were introgressed, were used to understand the contribution of Stay green loci to stem sugar accumulation and its remobilization under drought stress exposure. Sugar and starch content, activities of sugar metabolism enzymes and levels of their expression were studied in the 3rd (source) leaf from panicle and the 5th (sugar storing) internode of the three lines, in irrigated plants and in plants exposed to a brief drought exposure at the panicle emergence stage. Annotation of genes in the respective Stay green loci introgressed in the NILs was carried out using bioinformatics tools. The leaves of NILs accumulated more photoassimilates and the internodes accumulated more sugar, as compared to the parent S35 line. Drought stress exposure led to a decrease in the starch and sugar levels in leaves of all three lines, while an increase in sugar levels was observed in internodes of the NILs. Sugar fluxes were accompanied by alterations in the activities of sugar metabolizing enzymes as well as the expression of genes related to sugar metabolism and transport. Remobilization of sugars from the stem internodes was apparent in the NILs when subjected to drought stress, since the peduncle, which supports the panicle, showed an increase in the sugar content, even when photoassimation in source leaves was reduced. Several genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were located in the Stay green loci, which probably contributed to variation in the parameters studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ghate
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - S Deshpande
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - S Bhargava
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Goufo P, Moutinho-Pereira JM, Jorge TF, Correia CM, Oliveira MR, Rosa EAS, António C, Trindade H. Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Metabolomics: Osmoprotection as a Physiological Strategy for Drought Stress Resistance and Improved Yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:586. [PMID: 28473840 PMCID: PMC5397532 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants usually tolerate drought by producing organic solutes, which can either act as compatible osmolytes for maintaining turgor, or radical scavengers for protecting cellular functions. However, these two properties of organic solutes are often indistinguishable during stress progression. This study looked at individualizing properties of osmotic adjustment vs. osmoprotection in plants, using cowpea as the model species. Two cultivars were grown in well-watered soil, drought conditions, or drought followed by rewatering through fruit formation. Osmoadaptation was investigated in leaves and roots using photosynthetic traits, water homoeostasis, inorganic ions, and primary and secondary metabolites. Multifactorial analyses indicated allocation of high quantities of amino acids, sugars, and proanthocyanidins into roots, presumably linked to their role in growth and initial stress perception. Physiological and metabolic changes developed in parallel and drought/recovery responses showed a progressive acclimation of the cowpea plant to stress. Of the 88 metabolites studied, proline, galactinol, and a quercetin derivative responded the most to drought as highlighted by multivariate analyses, and their correlations with yield indicated beneficial effects. These metabolites accumulated differently in roots, but similarly in leaves, suggesting a more conservative strategy to cope with drought in the aerial parts. Changes in these compounds roughly reflected energy investment in protective mechanisms, although the ability of plants to adjust osmotically through inorganic ions uptake could not be discounted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piebiep Goufo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Piebiep Goufo
| | - José M. Moutinho-Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
| | - Tiago F. Jorge
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
| | - Manuela R. Oliveira
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e VeterináriaOeiras, Portugal
| | - Eduardo A. S. Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
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Duan T, Zheng B, Guo W, Ninomiya S, Guo Y, Chapman SC. Comparison of ground cover estimates from experiment plots in cotton, sorghum and sugarcane based on images and ortho-mosaics captured by UAV. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 44:169-183. [PMID: 32480555 DOI: 10.1071/fp16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ground cover is an important physiological trait affecting crop radiation capture, water-use efficiency and grain yield. It is challenging to efficiently measure ground cover with reasonable precision for large numbers of plots, especially in tall crop species. Here we combined two image-based methods to estimate plot-level ground cover for three species, from either an ortho-mosaic or undistorted (i.e. corrected for lens and camera effects) images captured by cameras using a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Reconstructed point clouds and ortho-mosaics for the whole field were created and a customised image processing workflow was developed to (1) segment the 'whole-field' datasets into individual plots, and (2) 'reverse-calculate' each plot from each undistorted image. Ground cover for individual plots was calculated by an efficient vegetation segmentation algorithm. For 79% of plots, estimated ground cover was greater from the ortho-mosaic than from images, particularly when plants were small, or when older/taller in large plots. While there was a good agreement between the ground cover estimates from ortho-mosaic and images when the target plot was positioned at a near-nadir view near the centre of image (cotton: R2=0.97, sorghum: R2=0.98, sugarcane: R2=0.84), ortho-mosaic estimates were 5% greater than estimates from these near-nadir images. Because each plot appeared in multiple images, there were multiple estimates of the ground cover, some of which should be excluded, e.g. when the plot is near edge within an image. Considering only the images with near-nadir view, the reverse calculation provides a more precise estimate of ground cover compared with the ortho-mosaic. The methodology is suitable for high throughput phenotyping for applications in agronomy, physiology and breeding for different crop species and can be extended to provide pixel-level data from other types of cameras including thermal and multi-spectral models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Duan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Bangyou Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Seishi Ninomiya
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Scott C Chapman
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
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