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Du X, Liu N, Lu P, Wang Y, Lu B, Tian S, Zhang Z. RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling of early fruit development in Chieh-qua and analysis of related transcription factors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13489. [PMID: 38866931 PMCID: PMC11169226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chieh-qua (Benincasa hispida Cogn. var. Chieh-qua How.) fruit development starts post pollination. With the continuous expansion of the fruit, the soluble solid content of the fruit decreases. Because there are no reports on the early development of Chieh-qua fruit, this study compared fruit transcriptomes at 0-, 3-, and 7 day post pollination (dpp). 104,747 unigenes were assembled from clean reads and compared using six public databases for similarity searching. Compared with those of 0 dpp (C), there were differences in the expression of 12,982 and 6541 genes in the fruit tissue at 3 dpp and 7 dpp, respectively. Compared with 3 dpp (B), there were 14,314 differentially expressed genes in the fruit at 7 dpp (A). Based on the analysis of transcription factors, 213 nucleotides in the MYB superfamily were identified; among them, 94 unigenes of the MYB superfamily were differentially expressed at the three stages. In the pairwise comparison of differential expression, eight unigenes (Gene_id: TRINITY_DN32880_c1_g2, TRINITY_DN35142_c2_g2, TRINITY_DN32454_c11_g6, TRINITY_DN34105_c2_g7, TRINITY_DN32758_c3_g3, TRINITY_DN33604_c4_g10, TRINITY_DN34466_c3_g1, TRINITY_DN35924_c3_g2) were homologous to those of MYB59, MYB-GT3b, MYB18, MYB4, MYB108, MYB306, MYB340, and MYB-bHLH13. These unigenes differed significantly among the three stages. Furthermore, MYB59 and MYB18 exhibited higher expression at 7 dpp. MYB4, MYB-GT3b, MYB108, and MYB306 showed the highest expression levels in fruits at 3 dpp. In addition, MYB340 and MYB-bHLH13 showed higher expression levels during the unpollinated stage. MYB59, MYB-GT3b, MYB18, MYB4, MYB108, MYB306, MYB340, and MYB-bHLH13 may play crucial roles in Chieh-qua fruit development, defense, and blossoming. This study provides a basis for further investigation of MYB superfamily genes involved in early fruit expansion in chieh-qua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Du
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Na Liu
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China.
| | - Panling Lu
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Information Research Institute of Science and Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubo Tian
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Zhuanghang Comprehensive Experiment Station, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Liu L, Zhang J, Xu J, Li Y, Lv H, Wang F, Guo J, Lin T, Zhao B, Li XX, Guo YD, Zhang N. SlMYC2 promotes SlLBD40-mediated cell expansion in tomato fruit development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1872-1888. [PMID: 38481350 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
As a plant-specific transcription factor, lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) protein was reported to regulate plant growth and stress response, but the functional research of subfamily II genes is limited. SlMYC2, a master regulator of Jasmonic acid response, has been found to exhibit high expression levels in fruit and has been implicated in the regulation of fruit ripening and resistance to Botrytis. However, its role in fruit expansion remains unknown. In this study, we present evidence that a subfamily II member of LBD, namely SlLBD40, collaborates with SlMYC2 in the regulation of fruit expansion. Overexpression of SlLBD40 significantly promoted fruit growth by promoting mesocarp cell expansion, while knockout of SlLBD40 showed the opposite result. Similarly, SlMYC2 knockout resulted in a significant decrease in cell expansion within the fruit. Genetic analysis indicated that SlLBD40-mediated cell expansion depends on the expression of SlMYC2. SlLBD40 bound to the promoter of SlEXPA5, an expansin gene, but did not activate its expression directly. While, the co-expression of SlMYC2 and SlLBD40 significantly stimulated the activation of SlEXPA5, leading to an increase in fruit size. SlLBD40 interacted with SlMYC2 and enhanced the stability and abundance of SlMYC2. Furthermore, SlMYC2 directly targeted and activated the expression of SlLBD40, which is essential for SlLBD40-mediated fruit expansion. In summary, our research elucidates the role of the interaction between SlLBD40 and SlMYC2 in promoting cell expansion in tomato fruits, thus providing novel insights into the molecular genetics underlying fruit growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yafei Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Lv
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junxin Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin-Xu Li
- Beijing Cuihu Agritech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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3
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Shen H, Luo B, Ding Y, Xiao H, Chen G, Yang Z, Hu Z, Wu T. The YABBY Transcription Factor, SlYABBY2a, Positively Regulates Fruit Septum Development and Ripening in Tomatoes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5206. [PMID: 38791245 PMCID: PMC11121019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The tomato fruit is a complex organ and is composed of various structures from the inside out, such as columella, septum, and placenta. However, our understanding of the development and function of these internal structures remains limited. In this study, we identified a plant-specific YABBY protein, SlYABBY2a, in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlYABBY2a exhibits relatively high expression levels among the nine YABBY genes in tomatoes and shows specific expression in the septum of the fruit. Through the use of a gene-editing technique performed by CRISPR/Cas9, we noticed defects in septum development in the Slyabby2a mutant fruits, leading to the inward concavity of the fruit pericarp and delayed septum ripening. Notably, the expression levels of key genes involved in auxin (SlFZY4, SlFZY5, and SlFZY6) and ethylene (SlACS2) biosynthesis were significantly downregulated in the septum of the Slalkbh10b mutants. Furthermore, the promoter activity of SlYABBY2a was regulated by the ripening regulator, SlTAGL1, in vivo. In summary, these discoveries provide insights into the positive regulation of SlYABBY2a on septum development and ripening and furnish evidence of the coordinated regulation of the auxin and ethylene signaling pathways in the ripening process, which expands our comprehension of septum development in the internal structure of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (H.S.); (B.L.); (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.D.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Baobing Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (H.S.); (B.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Yingfeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.D.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Haojun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.D.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (H.S.); (B.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Zhengan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.D.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (H.S.); (B.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Ting Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (H.S.); (B.L.); (G.C.)
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Tourdot E, Martin PGP, Maza E, Mauxion JP, Djari A, Gévaudant F, Chevalier C, Pirrello J, Gonzalez N. Ploidy-specific transcriptomes shed light on the heterogeneous identity and metabolism of developing tomato pericarp cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:997-1015. [PMID: 38281284 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Endoreduplication, during which cells increase their DNA content through successive rounds of full genome replication without cell division, is the major source of endopolyploidy in higher plants. Endoreduplication plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development and is associated with the activation of specific transcriptional programmes that are characteristic of each cell type, thereby defining their identity. In plants, endoreduplication is found in numerous organs and cell types, especially in agronomically valuable ones, such as the fleshy fruit (pericarp) of tomato presenting high ploidy levels. We used the tomato pericarp tissue as a model system to explore the transcriptomes associated with endoreduplication progression during fruit growth. We confirmed that expression globally scales with ploidy level and identified sets of differentially expressed genes presenting only developmental-specific, only ploidy-specific expression patterns or profiles resulting from an additive effect of ploidy and development. When comparing ploidy levels at a specific developmental stage, we found that non-endoreduplicated cells are defined by cell division state and cuticle synthesis while endoreduplicated cells are mainly defined by their metabolic activity changing rapidly over time. By combining this dataset with publicly available spatiotemporal pericarp expression data, we proposed a map describing the distribution of ploidy levels within the pericarp. These transcriptome-based predictions were validated by quantifying ploidy levels within the pericarp tissue. This in situ ploidy quantification revealed the dynamic progression of endoreduplication and its cell layer specificity during early fruit development. In summary, the study sheds light on the complex relationship between endoreduplication, cell differentiation and gene expression patterns in the tomato pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Tourdot
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pascal G P Martin
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Elie Maza
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Anis Djari
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Frédéric Gévaudant
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Pirrello
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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5
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Camarero MC, Briegas B, Corbacho J, Labrador J, Román ÁC, Verde A, Gallardo M, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Variations in Fruit Ploidy Level and Cell Size between Small- and Large-Fruited Olive Cultivars during Fruit Ontogeny. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:990. [PMID: 38611519 PMCID: PMC11013306 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the major oil fruit tree crops worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying olive fruit growth remain poorly understood. Here, we examine questions regarding the interaction of endoreduplication, cell division, and cell expansion with olive fruit growth in relation to the final fruit size by measuring fruit diameter, pericarp thickness, cell area, and ploidy level during fruit ontogeny in three olive cultivars with different fruit sizes. The results demonstrate that differences in the fruit size are related to the maximum growth rate between olive cultivars during early fruit growth, about 50 days post-anthesis (DPA). Differences in fruit weight between olive cultivars were found from 35 DPA, while the distinctive fruit shape became detectable from 21 DPA, even though the increase in pericarp thickness became detectable from 7 DPA in the three cultivars. During early fruit growth, intense mitotic activity appeared during the first 21 DPA in the fruit, whereas the highest cell expansion rates occurred from 28 to 42 DPA during this phase, suggesting that olive fruit cell number is determined from 28 DPA in the three cultivars. Moreover, olive fruit of the large-fruited cultivars was enlarged due to relatively higher cell division and expansion rates compared with the small-fruited cultivar. The ploidy level of olive fruit pericarp between early and late growth was different, but similar among olive cultivars, revealing that ploidy levels are not associated with cell size, in terms of different 8C levels during olive fruit growth. In the three olive cultivars, the maximum endoreduplication level (8C) occurred just before strong cell expansion during early fruit growth in fruit pericarp, whereas the cell expansion during late fruit growth occurred without preceding endoreduplication. We conclude that the basis for fruit size differences between olive cultivars is determined mainly by different cell division and expansion rates during the early fruit growth phase. These data provide new findings on the contribution of fruit ploidy and cell size to fruit size in olive and ultimately on the control of olive fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Camarero
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Beatriz Briegas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jorge Corbacho
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ángel-Carlos Román
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antía Verde
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gallardo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Wan X, Wu Z, Sun D, Long L, Song Q, Gao C. Cytological characteristics of blueberry fruit development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:184. [PMID: 38475704 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Using the blueberry cultivar "Powderblue" after pollination, fruits at different developmental stages were collected for study. The transverse and longitudinal diameters, individual fruit weight, and fruit water content were measured during their development. Employing tissue sectioning and microscopy techniques, we systematically studied the morphological features and anatomical structures of the fruits and seeds at various developmental stages, aiming to elucidate the cytological patterns during blueberry fruit development. The results of our study revealed that the "Powderblue" blueberry fruit growth and development followed a double "S" curve. Mature "Powderblue" blueberries were blue-black in color, elliptical in shape, with five locules, an inferior ovary, and an average fruit weight of 1.73 ± 0.17 g, and a moisture content of 78.865 ± 0.9%. Blueberry fruit flesh cells were densely arranged with no apparent intercellular spaces, and mesocarp cells accounted for 52.06 ± 7.4% of fruit cells. In the early fruit development stages, the fruit flesh cells were rapidly dividing, significantly increasing in number but without greatly affecting the fruit's morphological characteristics. During the later stages of fruit development, the expansion of the fruit flesh cells became prominent, resulting in a noticeable increase in the fruit's dimensions. Except for the epidermal cells, cells in all fruit tissues showed varying degrees of rupture as fruit development progressed, with the extent of cell rupture increasing, becoming increasingly apparent as the fruit gradually softened. Additionally, numerous brachysclereids (stone cells) appeared in the fruit flesh cells. Stone cells are mostly present individually in the fruit flesh tissue, while in the placental tissue, they often group together. The "Powderblue" blueberry seeds were light brown, 4.13 ± 0.42 mm long, 2.2 ± 0.14 mm wide, with each fruit containing 50-60 seeds. The "Powderblue" seeds mainly consisted of the seed coat, endosperm, and embryo. The embryo was located at the chalazal end in the center of the endosperm and was spatially separated. The endosperm, occupying the vast majority of the seed volume, comprised both the chalazal and outer endosperm, and the endosperm developed and matured before the embryo. As the seed developed, the seed coat was gradually lignified and consisted of palisade-like stone cells externally and epidermal layer cells internally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqin Wan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zewei Wu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dongchan Sun
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li Long
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiling Song
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key laboratory of forest cultivation in plateau mountain of Guizhou province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Zuccarelli R, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Silva FO, Gomes LDL, Lopes-Oliveira PJ, Zsögön A, Andrade SCS, Demarco D, Corpas FJ, Peres LEP, Rossi M, Freschi L. Loss of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase disturbs phytohormone homeostasis and regulates shoot side branching and fruit growth in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6349-6368. [PMID: 37157899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
S-Nitrosoglutathione plays a central role in nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis, and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) regulates the cellular levels of S-nitrosoglutathione across kingdoms. Here, we investigated the role of endogenous NO in shaping shoot architecture and controlling fruit set and growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlGSNOR silencing promoted shoot side branching and led to reduced fruit size, negatively impacting fruit yield. Greatly intensified in slgsnor knockout plants, these phenotypical changes were virtually unaffected by SlGSNOR overexpression. Silencing or knocking out of SlGSNOR intensified protein tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosation and led to aberrant auxin production and signaling in leaf primordia and fruit-setting ovaries, besides restricting the shoot basipetal polar auxin transport stream. SlGSNOR deficiency triggered extensive transcriptional reprogramming at early fruit development, reducing pericarp cell proliferation due to restrictions on auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin production and signaling. Abnormal chloroplast development and carbon metabolism were also detected in early-developing NO-overaccumulating fruits, possibly limiting energy supply and building blocks for fruit growth. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which endogenous NO fine-tunes the delicate hormonal network controlling shoot architecture, fruit set, and post-anthesis fruit development, emphasizing the relevance of NO-auxin interaction for plant development and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Zuccarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia D L Gomes
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia J Lopes-Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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Ezura K, Nomura Y, Ariizumi T. Molecular, hormonal, and metabolic mechanisms of fruit set, the ovary-to-fruit transition, in horticultural crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6254-6268. [PMID: 37279328 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is the process by which the ovary develops into a fruit and is an important factor in determining fruit yield. Fruit set is induced by two hormones, auxin and gibberellin, and the activation of their signaling pathways, partly by suppressing various negative regulators. Many studies have investigated the structural changes and gene networks in the ovary during fruit set, revealing the cytological and molecular mechanisms. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SlIAA9 and SlDELLA/PROCERA act as auxin and gibberellin signaling repressors, respectively, and are important regulators of the activity of transcription factors and downstream gene expression involved in fruit set. Upon pollination, SlIAA9 and SlDELLA are degraded, which subsequently activates downstream cascades and mainly contributes to active cell division and cell elongation, respectively, in ovaries during fruit setting. According to current knowledge, the gibberellin pathway functions as the most downstream signal in fruit set induction, and therefore its role in fruit set has been extensively explored. Furthermore, multi-omics analysis has revealed the detailed dynamics of gene expression and metabolites downstream of gibberellins, highlighting the rapid activation of central carbon metabolism. This review will outline the relevant mechanisms at the molecular and metabolic levels during fruit set, particularly focusing on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yukako Nomura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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9
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Tourdot E, Mauxion JP, Gonzalez N, Chevalier C. Endoreduplication in plant organogenesis: a means to boost fruit growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6269-6284. [PMID: 37343125 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Endoreduplication is the major source of somatic endopolyploidy in higher plants, and leads to variation in cell ploidy levels due to iterative rounds of DNA synthesis in the absence of mitosis. Despite its ubiquitous occurrence in many plant organs, tissues, and cells, the physiological meaning of endoreduplication is not fully understood, although several roles during plant development have been proposed, mostly related to cell growth, differentiation, and specialization via transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and cellular characteristics of endoreduplicated cells, and provide an overview of the multi-scale effects of endoreduplication on supporting growth in plant development. In addition, the effects of endoreduplication in fruit development are discussed, since it is highly prominent during fruit organogenesis where it acts as a morphogenetic factor supporting rapid fruit growth, as illustrated by case of the model fleshy fruit, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Tourdot
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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10
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Reynoud N, Geneix N, D'Orlando A, Petit J, Mathurin J, Deniset-Besseau A, Marion D, Rothan C, Lahaye M, Bakan B. Cuticle architecture and mechanical properties: a functional relationship delineated through correlated multimodal imaging. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2033-2046. [PMID: 36869436 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cuticles are multifunctional hydrophobic biocomposites that protect the aerial organs of plants. During plant development, plant cuticles must accommodate different mechanical constraints combining extensibility and stiffness, and the corresponding relationships with their architecture are unknown. Recent data showed a fine-tuning of cuticle architecture during fruit development, with several chemical clusters which raise the question of how they impact the mechanical properties of cuticles. We investigated the in-depth nanomechanical properties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit cuticle from early development to ripening, in relation to chemical and structural heterogeneities by developing a correlative multimodal imaging approach. Unprecedented sharps heterogeneities were evidenced including an in-depth mechanical gradient and a 'soft' central furrow that were maintained throughout the plant development despite the overall increase in elastic modulus. In addition, we demonstrated that these local mechanical areas are correlated to chemical and structural gradients. This study shed light on fine-tuning of mechanical properties of cuticles through the modulation of their architecture, providing new insight for our understanding of structure-function relationships of plant cuticles and for the design of bioinspired material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Reynoud
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
| | - Nathalie Geneix
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
| | - Angelina D'Orlando
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
- INRAE PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44300, Nantes, France
| | - Johann Petit
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jeremie Mathurin
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ariane Deniset-Besseau
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Didier Marion
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
| | | | - Marc Lahaye
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
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11
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Peng Z, Li H, Liu G, Jia W, Fu D. NAC transcription factor NOR-like1 regulates tomato fruit size. PLANTA 2023; 258:9. [PMID: 37256357 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION NOR-like1 regulates tomato fruit size by targeting SlARF9, SlGRAS2, SlFW3.2, and SlFW11.3 genes involved in cell division and cell expansion. Fruit size is an important agricultural character that determines the yield of crops. Here, we found that NAC transcription factor NOR-like1 regulated fruit size by regulating cell layer number and cell area in tomato. Over-expressing NOR-like1 gene in tomato reduced fruit weight and size, whereas the knock-out of NOR-like1 increased fruit weight and size. At the molecular level, NOR-like1 binds to the promoter of SlGRAS2, SlFW3.2, and SlFW11.3 to repress their transcription, while it also binds to the promoter of ARF9 to activate its transcription. Overall, these results expand the biological function of NOR-like1 and deepen our understanding of the transcriptional network that regulates tomato fruit size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Peng
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gangshuai Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wen Jia
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Daqi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Dong R, Yuan Y, Liu Z, Sun S, Wang H, Ren H, Cui X, Li R. ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2-LIKE are partially redundant genes and essential for fruit development in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36932869 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit size and shape are controlled by genes expressed during the early developmental stages of fruit. Although the function of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (AS2) in promoting leaf adaxial cell fates has been well characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, the molecular mechanisms conferring freshy fruit development as a spatial-temporal expression gene in tomato pericarp remain unclear. In the present study, we verified the transcription of SlAS2 and SlAS2L, two homologs of AS2, in the pericarp during early fruit development. Disruption of SlAS2 or SlAS2L caused a significant decrease in pericarp thickness as a result of a reduction in the number of pericarp cell layers and cell area, leading to smaller tomato fruit size, which revealed their critical roles in tomato fruit development. In addition, leaves and stamens exhibited severe morphological defects in slas2 and slas2l single mutants, as well as in the double mutants. These results demonstrated the redundant and pleiotropic functions of SlAS2 and SlAS2L in tomato fruit development. Yeast two-hybrid and split-luciferase complementation assays showed that both SlAS2 and SlAS2L physically interact with SlAS1. Molecular analyses further indicated that SlAS2 and SlAS2L regulate various downstream genes in leaf and fruit development, and that some genes participating in the regulation of cell division and cell differentiation in the tomato pericarp are affected by these genes. Our findings demonstrate that SlAS2 and SlAS2L are vital transcription factors required for tomato fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, College of Horticulture Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Eynizadeh P, Dehghani H, Dehghani A. A novel selection model based on multivariate methods and arbitrary genetic parameters: a case study on tomato families. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:25. [PMID: 36915142 PMCID: PMC10012525 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-00992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selection is one of the essential skills whereby breeders reduce the population size and increase the chance of success. Various selection methods with special applications have been developed. Superior genotypes are assessed according to interesting traits, including univariate, multivariate, phenotypic, genotypic, etc. METHODS: Mathematical calculation of the traits' importance based on the genetic makeup of investigated population (average degree of dominance/additive involved in the action of genes) and arbitrary genetic parameters is functional. In this paper, a general model for multivariate selection has been presented whereby the selection can be made for (a) more than one interesting trait, (b) the trait(s) with complex inheritance, (c) finding superior genotypes from among a large-scale population, (d) finding superior genotypes in segregating generations and (f) finding tolerant genotypes to stresses. This model is developed based on biometric concepts in four steps. MATLAB script is provided for the model, and users can easily apply that to identify the most suitable genotypes after data collection according to the breeding purposes. RESULTS The main features of this model are simplicity, precision, repeatability, and speed (improving several traits simultaneously). All the steps and the analysis of the results are explained step by step in a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Eynizadeh
- Plant Genetics and Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- Plant Genetics and Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Plant Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Ali Dehghani
- College of Biological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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The Plant Growth Regulator 14-OH BR Can Minimize the Application Content of CPPU in Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) ‘Donghong’ and Increase Postharvest Time without Sacrificing the Yield. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of the plant growth regulator 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU) is extensively used for red-fleshed kiwifruits or ‘Donghong’, but it has toxicological properties. Extra plant growth regulators (PGRs) were screened for partial substitution of CPPU (10 mg L−1) to the crops to minimize the CPPU content. The results showed that CPPU at a concentration of 5 mg L−1 plus 14-hydroxylated brassinosteroid (14-OH BR) at a concentration of 0.15 mg L−1 has a nearly equal effect to CPPU at a concentration of 10 mg L−1; it maintains the kiwifruit yields and quality as well as increases the postharvest time. Transcriptome sequencing data revealed that the regulation of 14-OH BR on kiwifruit growth acts mainly by activating Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling to synergistically and antagonistically stimulate the signaling of other endogenous growth regulators, including auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET).
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15
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Reynoud N, Geneix N, Petit J, D’Orlando A, Fanuel M, Marion D, Rothan C, Lahaye M, Bakan B. The cutin polymer matrix undergoes a fine architectural tuning from early tomato fruit development to ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1821-1840. [PMID: 36018278 PMCID: PMC9614491 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is a complex polymer matrix that protects all aerial organs of plants, fulfills multiple roles in plant-environment interactions, and is critical for plant development. These functions are associated with the structural features of cuticles, and the architectural modeling of cuticles during plant development is crucial for understanding their physical properties and biological functions. In this work, the in-depth architecture of the cutin polymer matrix during fruit development was investigated. Using cherry tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) as a model from the beginning of the cell expansion phase to the red ripe stage, we designed an experimental scheme combining sample pretreatment, Raman mapping, multivariate data analyses, and biochemical analyses. These approaches revealed clear chemical areas with different contributions of cutin, polysaccharides, and phenolics within the cutin polymer matrix. Besides, we demonstrated that these areas are finely tuned during fruit development, including compositional and macromolecular rearrangements. The specific spatiotemporal accumulation of phenolic compounds (p-coumaric acid and flavonoids) suggests that they fulfill distinct functions during fruit development. In addition, we highlighted an unexpected dynamic remodeling of the cutin-embedded polysaccharides pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Such structural tuning enables consistent adaption of the cutin-polysaccharide continuum and the functional performance of the fruit cuticle at the different developmental stages. This study provides insights into the plant cuticle architecture and in particular into the organization of the epidermal cell wall-cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Reynoud
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
| | - Nathalie Geneix
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
| | - Johann Petit
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Angelina D’Orlando
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
- INRAE PROBE research infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F- 44300, Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
- INRAE PROBE research infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F- 44300, Nantes, France
| | - Didier Marion
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
| | | | - Marc Lahaye
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- INRAE, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP71627 44316, Nantes Cedex3, France
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16
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Tao T, Huang Q, Zuo Z, Lu Y, Su X, Xu Y, Li P, Xu C, Yang Z. Nucleotide polymorphisms of the maize ZmFWL7 gene and their association with ear-related traits. Front Genet 2022; 13:960529. [PMID: 36035151 PMCID: PMC9399371 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.960529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant fw2.2-like (FWL) genes, encoding proteins harboring a placenta-specific eight domain, have been suggested to control fruit and grain size through regulating cell division, differentiation, and expansion. Here, we re-sequenced the nucleotide sequences of the maize ZmFWL7 gene, a member of the FWL family, in 256 elite maize inbred lines, and the associations of nucleotide polymorphisms in this locus with 11 ear-related traits were further detected. A total of 175 variants, including 159 SNPs and 16 InDels, were identified in the ZmFWL7 locus. Although the promoter and downstream regions showed higher nucleotide polymorphism, the coding region also possessed 61 SNPs and 6 InDels. Eleven polymorphic sites in the ZmFWL7 locus were found to be significantly associated with eight ear-related traits. Among them, two nonsynonymous SNPs (SNP2370 and SNP2898) showed significant association with hundred kernel weight (HKW), and contributed to 7.11% and 8.62% of the phenotypic variations, respectively. In addition, the SNP2898 was associated with kernel width (KW), and contributed to 7.57% of the phenotypic variations. Notably, the elite allele T of SNP2370 was absent in teosintes and landraces, while its frequency in inbred lines was increased to 12.89%. By contrast, the frequency of the elite allele A of SNP2898 was 3.12% in teosintes, and it was raised to 12.68% and 19.92% in landraces and inbred lines, respectively. Neutral tests show that this locus wasn’t artificially chosen during the process of domestication and genetic improvement. Our results revealed that the elite allelic variants in ZmFWL7 might possess potential for the genetic improvement of maize ear-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qianfeng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenwu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenwu Xu, ; Zefeng Yang,
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenwu Xu, ; Zefeng Yang,
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Simon J, Baptiste C, Lartaud M, Verdeil JL, Brunel B, Vercambre G, Génard M, Cardoso M, Alibert E, Goze-Bac C, Bertin N. Pedicel anatomy and histology in tomato vary according to genotype and water-deficit environment, affecting fruit mass. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111313. [PMID: 35696913 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth and composition of fleshy fruits depend on resource acquisition and distribution in the plant. In tomato, the pedicel serves as the final connection between plant and fruit. However, very few quantitative data are available for the conducting tissues of the pedicel, nor is their genetic variability known. In the present study, a histological approach was combined with process-based modeling to evaluate the potential contribution made by the anatomy and histology of the pedicel to variations in fruit mass. Eleven genotypes were characterized and the impact of water deficit was studied for a single genotype using stress intensity and stage of application as variables. The results highlighted extensive variations in the relative proportions of the different pedicel tissues and in the absolute areas of xylem and phloem between genotypes. The model suggests that the variations in the area of the pedicel's vascular tissues induced by differences in genotype and water-deficit environments partly contributed to fruit mass variability. They therefore warrant phenotyping for use in the development of plant strains adapted to future environmental constraints. The results also demonstrated the need to develop non-invasive in vivo measurement methods to establish the number and size of active vessels and the flow rates in these vessels to improve prediction of water fluxes in plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Simon
- INRAE UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France; Université Montpellier-CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | | | - Béatrice Brunel
- INRAE UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France.
| | - Gilles Vercambre
- INRAE UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France.
| | - Michel Génard
- INRAE UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France.
| | - Maïda Cardoso
- Université Montpellier, BNIF Imaging Facility, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Eric Alibert
- Université Montpellier-CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Christophe Goze-Bac
- Université Montpellier-CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Nadia Bertin
- INRAE UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles - Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, France.
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18
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Bres C, Petit J, Reynoud N, Brocard L, Marion D, Lahaye M, Bakan B, Rothan C. The SlSHN2 transcription factor contributes to cuticle formation and epidermal patterning in tomato fruit. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:14. [PMID: 37789465 PMCID: PMC10515250 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model for studying plant cuticle because of its thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of the fruit. In this study, we screened an EMS mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom for fruit cracking mutants and found a mutant displaying a glossy fruit phenotype. By using an established mapping-by-sequencing strategy, we identified the causal mutation in the SlSHN2 transcription factor that is specifically expressed in outer epidermis of growing fruit. The point mutation in the shn2 mutant introduces a K to N amino acid change in the highly conserved 'mm' domain of SHN proteins. The cuticle from shn2 fruit showed a ~ fivefold reduction in cutin while abundance and composition of waxes were barely affected. In addition to alterations in cuticle thickness and properties, epidermal patterning and polysaccharide composition of the cuticle were changed. RNAseq analysis further highlighted the altered expression of hundreds of genes in the fruit exocarp of shn2, including genes associated with cuticle and cell wall formation, hormone signaling and response, and transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, we showed that a point mutation in the transcriptional regulator SlSHN2 causes major changes in fruit cuticle formation and its coordination with epidermal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bres
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Johann Petit
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit Et Pathologie, 71 Av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Boualem A, Berthet S, Devani RS, Camps C, Fleurier S, Morin H, Troadec C, Giovinazzo N, Sari N, Dogimont C, Bendahmane A. Ethylene plays a dual role in sex determination and fruit shape in cucurbits. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2390-2401.e4. [PMID: 35525245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shapes of vegetables and fruits are the result of adaptive evolution and human selection. Modules controlling organ shape have been identified. However, little is known about signals coordinating organ development and shape. Here, we describe the characterization of a melon mutation rf1, leading to round fruit. Histological analysis of rf1 flower and fruits revealed fruit shape is determined at flower stage 8, after sex determination and before flower fertilization. Using positional cloning, we identified the causal gene as the monoecy sex determination gene CmACS7, and survey of melon germplasms showed strong association between fruit shape and sexual types. We show that CmACS7-mediated ethylene production in carpel primordia enhances cell expansion and represses cell division, leading to elongated fruit. Cell size is known to rise as a result of endoreduplication. At stage 8 and anthesis, we found no variation in ploidy levels between female and hermaphrodite flowers, ruling out endoreduplication as a factor in fruit shape determination. To pinpoint the gene networks controlling elongated versus round fruit phenotype, we analyzed the transcriptomes of laser capture microdissected carpels of wild-type and rf1 mutant. These high-resolution spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics revealed the implication of two regulatory modules. The first module implicates E2F-DP transcription factors, controlling cell elongation versus cell division. The second module implicates OVATE- and TRM5-related proteins, controlling cell division patterns. Our finding highlights the dual role of ethylene in the inhibition of the stamina development and the elongation of ovary and fruit in cucurbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Boualem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Serge Berthet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ravi Sureshbhai Devani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Celine Camps
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Sebastien Fleurier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Halima Morin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christelle Troadec
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nathalie Giovinazzo
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Nebahat Sari
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Catherine Dogimont
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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20
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Liu L, Zheng Y, Feng S, Yu L, Li Y, Zong Y, Chen W, Liao F, Yang L, Guo W. Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis Reveals the Responses to Auxin and Abscisic Acid Accumulation During Vaccinium corymbosum Flower Bud and Fruit Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818233. [PMID: 35242154 PMCID: PMC8886112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) is reputed as a rich source of health-promoting phytonutrients, which contributes to its burgeoning consumer demand and production. However, blueberries are much smaller and have lower yields than most domesticated berries, and the inherent regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the cytological and physiological changes, as well as comparative transcriptomic analysis throughout flower and fruit development in the southern highbush blueberry cultivar 'O'Neal' were performed. 'O'Neal' hypanthium and fruit exhibited a distinctive cell proliferation pattern, and auxin accumulation was unusual throughout development, while abscisic acid (ABA) levels rapidly increased in association with anthocyanin accumulation, total phenolic reduction and fruit maturation. Transcriptomic data showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specifically expressed at each flower bud and fruit developmental stage. Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed numerous DEGs that correlated with the cell numbers of outer mesocarp and columella, showed two distinctive expression patterns. Most of the DEGs involved in auxin biosynthesis, transportation and signal transduction were upregulated, and this upregulation was accompanied by cell expansion, and flower bud and fruit development. However, individual members of VcSAUR50 and VcIAA9 families might be insensitive to auxin, suggesting that these genes play a distinctive role in the growth and development of blueberry fruits. These results will support future research to better understand the flower and fruit development of southern highbush blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmiao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiqi Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiji Feng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zong
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenrong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanglei Liao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Harrison Day BL, Carins-Murphy MR, Brodribb TJ. Reproductive water supply is prioritized during drought in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:69-79. [PMID: 34705293 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive success largely defines the fitness of plant species. Understanding how heat and drought affect plant reproduction is thus key to predicting future plant fitness under rising global temperatures. Recent work suggests reproductive tissues are highly vulnerable to water stress in perennial plants where reproductive sacrifice could preserve plant survival. However, most crop species are annuals where such a strategy would theoretically reduce fitness. We examined the reproductive strategy of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Rheinlands Ruhm) to determine whether water supply to fruits is prioritized above vegetative tissues during drought. Using optical methods, we mapped xylem cavitation and tissue shrinkage in vegetative and reproductive organs during dehydration to determine the priority of water flow under acute water stress. Stems and peduncles of tomato showed significantly greater xylem cavitation resistance than leaves. This maintenance of intact water supply enabled tomato fruit to continue to expand during acute water stress, utilizing xylem water made available by tissue collapse and early cavitation of leaves. Here, tomato plants prioritize water supply to reproductive tissues, maintaining fruit development under drought conditions. These results emphasize the critical role of water transport in shaping life history and suggest a broad relevance of hydraulic prioritization in plant ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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22
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Xiao H, Piovesan A, Pols S, Verboven P, Nicolaï B. Microstructural changes enhance oxygen transport in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit during maturation and ripening. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2043-2056. [PMID: 34480758 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climacteric ripening of tomato fruit is initiated by a characteristic surge of the production rate of ethylene, accompanied by an increase in respiration rate. As both activities consume O2 and produce CO2 , gas concentration gradients develop in the fruit that cause diffusive transport. This may, in turn, affect respiration and ethylene biosynthesis. Gas diffusion in fruit depends on the amount and connectivity of cells and intercellular spaces in 3D. We investigated micromorphological changes in different tomato tissues during development and ripening by visualizing cells and pores based on high-resolution micro-computed tomography, and computed effective O2 diffusivity coefficients based on microstructural features of the tissues. We demonstrated that mesocarp and septa tissues have larger cells but small and more disconnected pores than the placenta and columella, resulting in relatively lower effective O2 diffusivity coefficients. Cell disintegration occurred in the mesocarp and septa during ripening, indicating lysigenous air pore formation and resulting in a gradual increase of the effective O2 diffusivity. The results suggest that hypoxic conditions caused by the increasing size and, hence, diffusion resistance of the growing fruit may induce an increase of tissue porosity that results in a greatly enhanced O2 diffusivity and, thus, helps to alleviate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Agnese Piovesan
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Suzane Pols
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Bart Nicolaï
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
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23
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Petit J, Bres C, Reynoud N, Lahaye M, Marion D, Bakan B, Rothan C. Unraveling Cuticle Formation, Structure, and Properties by Using Tomato Genetic Diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:778131. [PMID: 34912361 PMCID: PMC8667768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit has a thick, astomatous cuticle that has become a model for the study of cuticle formation, structure, and properties in plants. Tomato is also a major horticultural crop and a long-standing model for research in genetics, fruit development, and disease resistance. As a result, a wealth of genetic resources and genomic tools have been established, including collections of natural and artificially induced genetic diversity, introgression lines of genome fragments from wild relatives, high-quality genome sequences, phenotype and gene expression databases, and efficient methods for genetic transformation and editing of target genes. This mini-review reports the considerable progresses made in recent years in our understanding of cuticle by using and generating genetic diversity for cuticle-associated traits in tomato. These include the synthesis of the main cuticle components (cutin and waxes), their role in the structure and properties of the cuticle, their interaction with other cell wall polymers as well as the regulation of cuticle formation. It also addresses the opportunities offered by the untapped germplasm diversity available in tomato and the current strategies available to exploit them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Petit
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Bres
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
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24
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Gupta SK, Vishwakarma A, Kenea HD, Galsurker O, Cohen H, Aharoni A, Arazi T. CRISPR/Cas9 mutants of tomato MICRORNA164 genes uncover their functional specialization in development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1636-1652. [PMID: 34618074 PMCID: PMC8566253 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant MICRORNA164 (miR164) plays diverse regulatory functions by post-transcriptional repression of certain NAM/ATAF/CUC-domain transcription factors. However, the involvement of miR164 in fleshy fruit development and ripening remains poorly understood. Here, de novo prediction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MIR164 genes identified four genes (SlMIR164a-d), of which SlMIR164d has an atypically long pre-miRNA. The roles of the fruit expressed SlMIR164a, b, and d were studied by analysis of their Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats mutants. The slmir164bCR mutant plants exhibited shoot and flower abnormalities characteristic of ectopic boundary specification, whereas the shoot and flower development of slmir164aCR and slmir164dCR mutants were indistinguishable from wild-type. Strikingly, the knockout of SlMIR164a practically eliminated sly-miR164 from the developing and ripening fruit pericarp. The sly-miR164-deficient slmir164aCR fruits were smaller than the wild-type, due to reduced pericarp cell division and expansion, and displayed intense red color and matte, instead of glossy appearance, upon ripening. We found that the fruit skin phenotypes were associated with morphologically abnormal outer epidermis and thicker cuticle. Quantitation of sly-miR164 target transcripts in slmir164aCR ripening fruits demonstrated the upregulation of SlNAM3 and SlNAM2. Specific expression of their miR164-resistant versions in the pericarp resulted in the formation of extremely small fruits with abnormal epidermis, highlighting the importance of their negative regulation by sly-miR164a. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SlMIR164a and SlMIR164b play specialized roles in development: SlMIR164b is required for shoot and flower boundary specification, and SlMIR164a is required for fruit growth including the expansion of its outer epidermis, which determines the properties of the fruit skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Gupta
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | | | - Hawi Deressa Kenea
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Department of Plant Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ortal Galsurker
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tzahi Arazi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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25
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Mauxion JP, Chevalier C, Gonzalez N. Complex cellular and molecular events determining fruit size. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1023-1038. [PMID: 34158228 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of plant organ-size determination represents an important challenge, especially because of the significant role of plants as food and renewable energy sources and the increasing need for plant-derived products. Most of the knowledge on the regulation of organ growth and the molecular network controlling cell division and cell expansion, the main drivers of growth, is derived from arabidopsis. The increasing use of crops such as tomato for research is now bringing essential information on the mechanisms underlying size control in agronomically important organs. This review describes our current knowledge, still very scarce, of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing tomato fruit size and proposes future research to better understand the regulation of growth in this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, F33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, F33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, F33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France. @inrae.fr
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26
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Pereira L, Zhang L, Sapkota M, Ramos A, Razifard H, Caicedo AL, van der Knaap E. Unraveling the genetics of tomato fruit weight during crop domestication and diversification. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3363-3378. [PMID: 34283260 PMCID: PMC8440300 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Six novel fruit weight QTLs were identified in tomato using multiple bi-parental populations developed from ancestral accessions. Beneficial alleles at these loci arose in semi-domesticated subpopulations and were likely left behind. This study paves the way to introgress these alleles into breeding programs. The size and weight of edible organs have been strongly selected during crop domestication. Concurrently, human have also focused on nutritional and cultural characteristics of fruits and vegetables, at times countering selective pressures on beneficial size and weight alleles. Therefore, it is likely that novel improvement alleles for organ weight still segregate in ancestral germplasm. To date, five domestication and diversification genes affecting tomato fruit weight have been identified, yet the genetic basis for increases in weight has not been fully accounted for. We found that fruit weight increased gradually during domestication and diversification, and semi-domesticated subpopulations featured high phenotypic and nucleotide diversity. Columella and septum fruit tissues were proportionally increased, suggesting targeted selection. We developed twenty-one F2 populations with parents fixed for the known fruit weight genes, corresponding to putative key transitions from wild to fully domesticated tomatoes. These parents also showed differences in fruit weight attributes as well as the developmental timing of size increase. A subset of populations was targeted for QTL-seq, leading to the identification of six uncloned fruit weight QTLs. Three QTLs, located on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3, were subsequently validated by progeny testing. By exploring the segregation of the known fruit weight genes and the identified QTLs, we estimated that most beneficial alleles in the newly identified loci arose in semi-domesticated subpopulations from South America and were not likely transmitted to fully domesticated landraces. Therefore, these alleles could be incorporated into breeding programs using the germplasm and genetic resources identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pereira
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Manoj Sapkota
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alexis Ramos
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hamid Razifard
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ana L Caicedo
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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27
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Beauchet A, Gévaudant F, Gonzalez N, Chevalier C. In search of the still unknown function of FW2.2/CELL NUMBER REGULATOR, a major regulator of fruit size in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5300-5311. [PMID: 33974684 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The FW2.2 gene is associated with the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) governing fruit size in tomato, and acts by negatively controlling cell division during fruit development. FW2.2 belongs to a multigene family named the CELL NUMBER REGULATOR (CNR) family. CNR proteins harbour the uncharacterized PLAC8 motif made of two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a variable region that are predicted to be transmembrane segments, and indeed FW2.2 localizes to the plasma membrane. Although FW2.2 was cloned more than two decades ago, the molecular mechanisms of action remain unknown. In particular, how FW2.2 functions to regulate cell cycle and fruit growth, and thus fruit size, is as yet not understood. Here we review current knowledge on PLAC8-containing CNR/FWL proteins in plants, which are described to participate in organogenesis and the regulation of organ size, especially in fruits, and in cadmium resistance, ion homeostasis, and/or Ca2+ signalling. Within the plasma membrane FW2.2 and some CNR/FWLs are localized in microdomains, which is supported by recent data from interactomics studies. Hence FW2.2 and CNR/FWL could be involved in a transport function of signalling molecules across membranes, influencing organ growth via a cell to cell trafficking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Beauchet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Frédéric Gévaudant
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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28
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Yang L, Liu L, Wang Z, Zong Y, Yu L, Li Y, Liao F, Chen M, Cai K, Guo W. Comparative anatomical and transcriptomic insights into Vaccinium corymbosum flower bud and fruit throughout development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:289. [PMID: 34167466 PMCID: PMC8223347 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is characterized by the production of berries that are smaller than most common fruits, and the underlying mechanisms of fruit size in blueberry remain elusive. V. corymbosum 'O'Neal' and 'Bluerain' are commercial southern highbush blueberry cultivars with large- and small-size fruits, respectively, which mature 'O'Neal' fruits are 1 ~ 2-fold heavier than those of 'Bluerain'. In this study, the ontogenetical patterns of 'O'Neal' and 'Bluerain' hypanthia and fruits were compared, and comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed during early fruit development. RESULTS V. corymbosum 'O'Neal' and 'Bluerain' hypanthia and fruits exhibited intricate temporal and spatial cell proliferation and expansion patterns. Cell division before anthesis and cell expansion after fertilization were the major restricting factors, and outer mesocarp was the key tissue affecting fruit size variation among blueberry genotypes. Comparative transcriptomic and annotation analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was enriched, and that jasmonate-related TIFYs genes might be the key components orchestrating other phytohormones and influencing fruit size during early blueberry fruit development. CONCLUSIONS These results provided detailed ontogenetic evidence for determining blueberry fruit size, and revealed the important roles of phytohormone signal transductions involving in early fruit development. The TIFY genes could be useful as markers for large-size fruit selection in the current breeding programs of blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Liangmiao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zong
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yongqaing Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Fanglei Liao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Manman Chen
- Zhejiang College of Security Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Kailing Cai
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China.
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Wu L, Lan J, Xiang X, Xiang H, Jin Z, Khan S, Liu Y. Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous phytohormone analysis reveal new insights in CPPU controlling fruit development in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240355. [PMID: 33044982 PMCID: PMC7549808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a rich nutritious fruit crop owing to a markedly higher content of vitamin C and minerals. To promote fruit set and to increase the yield of kiwifruit, forchlorfenuron (CPPU) has been widely applied. However, the molecular details regarding CPPU controlling kiwifruit development, especially at the fastest fruit growth stage, remain unknown. In the present study, we measured the effect of CPPU on developmental regulation in red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis 'Hongyang'). Additionally, a cytological analysis was performed to clarify the precise changes in the cell structure of the CPPU-treated kiwifruits. Moreover, the concentration of endogenous phytohormones, including indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA), were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Furthermore, RNA-Seq was performed to dissect the complicated molecular mechanisms, with a focus on biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling compounds, such as endogenous hormones, sugars, and L-ascorbic acid. Our results demonstrated that CPPU treatment not only regulates the size and weight of a single fruit but also improves the quality in 'Hongyang' kiwifruit through the accumulation of both soluble sugar and vitamin C. It was also seen that CPPU regulates kiwifruit development by enhancing cell expansion of epidermal cells and parenchyma cells, while, promoting cell division of subepidermal cells. Additionally, CPPU significantly increased the gibberellin and cytokinin biosynthetic pathway and signaling, while repressing auxin and ABA biosynthetic pathway; thus, signaling plays an essential role in CPPU controlling kiwifruit development. Notably, transcriptomic analysis revealed that a total of 2244 genes, including 352 unannotated genes, were differentially expressed in kiwifruits because of CPPU treatment, including 127 transcription factors. These genes are mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Overall, our results highlight that CPPU regulation of kiwifruit development is mainly associated with an antagonistic and/or synergistic regulatory role of endogenous phytohormones, and enhancing the energy supply. This provides new insights into the molecular details of CPPU controlling kiwifruit development at the fastest fruit growth stage, which is of agricultural importance for kiwifruit breeding and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbin Lan
- Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xiang
- Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Xiang
- Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Sadia Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiqing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Institute of Horticulture Plants, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Shahan R. Tempting Fate: A Guanylate-Binding Protein Maintains Tomato Fruit Cell Differentiation. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3047-3048. [PMID: 32796122 PMCID: PMC7534466 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shahan
- Department of BiologyDuke UniversityDurham, North Carolina
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31
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Musseau C, Jorly J, Gadin S, Sørensen I, Deborde C, Bernillon S, Mauxion JP, Atienza I, Moing A, Lemaire-Chamley M, Rose JKC, Chevalier C, Rothan C, Fernandez-Lochu L, Gévaudant F. The Tomato Guanylate-Binding Protein SlGBP1 Enables Fruit Tissue Differentiation by Maintaining Endopolyploid Cells in a Non-Proliferative State. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3188-3205. [PMID: 32753430 PMCID: PMC7534463 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate maintenance is an integral part of plant cell differentiation and the production of functional cells, tissues, and organs. Fleshy fruit development is characterized by the accumulation of water and solutes in the enlarging cells of parenchymatous tissues. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), this process is associated with endoreduplication in mesocarp cells. The mechanisms that preserve this developmental program, once initiated, remain unknown. We show here that analysis of a previously identified tomato ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant that exhibits abnormal mesocarp cell differentiation could help elucidate determinants of fruit cell fate maintenance. We identified and validated the causal locus through mapping-by-sequencing and gene editing, respectively, and performed metabolic, cellular, and transcriptomic analyses of the mutant phenotype. The data indicate that disruption of the SlGBP1 gene, encoding GUANYLATE BINDING PROTEIN1, induces early termination of endoreduplication followed by late divisions of polyploid mesocarp cells, which consequently acquire the characteristics of young proliferative cells. This study reveals a crucial role of plant GBPs in the control of cell cycle genes, and thus, in cell fate maintenance. We propose that SlGBP1 acts as an inhibitor of cell division, a function conserved with the human hGBP-1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Musseau
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Joana Jorly
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphanie Gadin
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Iben Sørensen
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Catherine Deborde
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- PMB-Metabolome, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2018, Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- PMB-Metabolome, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2018, Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Isabelle Atienza
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Annick Moing
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- PMB-Metabolome, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2018, Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Martine Lemaire-Chamley
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Christian Chevalier
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lucie Fernandez-Lochu
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Frédéric Gévaudant
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Konagaya K, Riza DFA, Ogawa Y, Kohno Y, Kuramoto M, Takahashi N, Suzuki T, Kondo N. Autofluorescence changes of tomato surface tissues during overripening. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:879-884. [PMID: 32579662 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the autofluorescence of tomato surface tissues during overripening at 25 °C for 13 days. Microscopic images and fluorescence spectra of tissues, including the epidermis and cuticle, were examined (excitation at 360 nm), revealing that the autofluorescence changes were related to the epidermis, particularly the fluorophores in the cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Konagaya
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan. .,Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, 790-8577, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Dimas Firmanda Al Riza
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, 65145, Jl. Veteran, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Yuichi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kohno
- Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ko 311, Kaminanba, 799-2405, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuramoto
- Advanced Research Support Centre, Ehime University, 2-5, Bunkyo-cho, 790-8577, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, 790-0905, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoshi Kondo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
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33
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Mayorga-Gómez A, Nambeesan SU. Temporal expression patterns of fruit-specific α- EXPANSINS during cell expansion in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:241. [PMID: 32466743 PMCID: PMC7254744 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expansins (EXPs) facilitate non-enzymatic cell wall loosening during several phases of plant growth and development including fruit growth, internode expansion, pollen tube growth, leaf and root development, and during abiotic stress responses. In this study, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of C. annuum α- EXPANSIN (CaEXPA) genes were characterized. Additionally, fruit-specific CaEXPA expression was correlated with the rate of cell expansion during bell pepper fruit development. RESULTS Spatial expression patterns revealed that CaEXPA13 was up-regulated in vegetative tissues and flowers, with the most abundant expression in mature leaves. Expression of CaEXPA4 was associated with stems and roots. CaEXPA3 was expressed abundantly in flower at anthesis suggesting a role for CaEXPA3 in flower development. Temporal expression analysis revealed that 9 out of the 21 genes were highly expressed during fruit development. Of these, expression of six genes, CaEXPA5, CaEXPA7, CaEXPA12, CaEXPA14 CaEXPA17 and CaEXPA19 were abundant 7 to 21 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas CaEXPA6 was strongly expressed between 14 and 28 DAA. Further, this study revealed that fruit growth and cell expansion occur throughout bell pepper development until ripening, with highest rates of fruit growth and cell expansion occurring between 7 and 14 DAA. The expression of CaEXPA14 and CaEXPA19 positively correlated with the rate of cell expansion, suggesting their role in post-mitotic cell expansion-mediated growth of the bell pepper fruit. In this study, a ripening specific EXP transcript, CaEXPA9 was identified, suggesting its role in cell wall disassembly during ripening. CONCLUSIONS This is the first genome-wide study of CaEXPA expression during fruit growth and development. Identification of fruit-specific EXPAs suggest their importance in facilitating cell expansion during growth and cell wall loosening during ripening in bell pepper. These EXPA genes could be important targets for future manipulation of fruit size and ripening characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Mayorga-Gómez
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 120 Carlton Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Savithri U Nambeesan
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 120 Carlton Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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34
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Zhang H, Tan J, Zhang M, Huang S, Chen X. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Two Bottle Gourd Accessions Differing in Fruit Size. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040359. [PMID: 32230807 PMCID: PMC7230174 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is an important horticultural and medicinal crop with high nutritional value. This study aimed at examining the molecular regulation of fruit size in bottle gourd. We performed transcriptome sequencing of two bottle gourd cultivars differing in their fruit size. The average fruit length and weight of the cultivar Hang (39.48 cm/624.4 g) were higher than those of the cultivar USA (10.34 cm/152.8 g) at maturity. Transcriptome sequencing and assembly resulted in 89,347 unigenes. A total of 1250 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found between the two cultivars, including 422 upregulated genes and 828 downregulated genes in Hang as compared to USA. Genes related to cell wall metabolism, phytohormones, cell cycle, and cell division showed significant differential expression between the two cultivars. DEGs encoding transcription factors (TF) from nine TF families were also identified. The ethylene response factor family was the most enriched among these families. Our study provides a basis for further investigations of the molecular regulation of fruit size in bottle gourd.
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35
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Cavé-Radet A, Rabhi M, Gouttefangeas F, El Amrani A. Do Specialized Cells Play a Major Role in Organic Xenobiotic Detoxification in Higher Plants? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1037. [PMID: 32733524 PMCID: PMC7363956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we used a double cell screening approach based on phenanthrene (phe) epifluorescence histochemical localization and oxygen radical detection to generate new data about how some specialized cells are involved in tolerance to organic xenobiotics. Thereby, we bring new insights about phe [a common Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)] cell specific detoxification, in two contrasting plant lineages thriving in different ecosystems. Our data suggest that in higher plants, detoxification may occur in specialized cells such as trichomes and pavement cells in Arabidopsis, and in the basal cells of salt glands in Spartina species. Such features were supported by a survey from the literature, and complementary data correlating the size of basal salt gland cells and tolerance abilities to PAHs previously reported between Spartina species. Furthermore, we conducted functional validation in two independent Arabidopsis trichomeless glabrous T-DNA mutant lines (GLABRA1 mutants). These mutants showed a sensitive phenotype under phe-induced stress in comparison with their background ecotypes without the mutation, indicating that trichomes are key structures involved in the detoxification of organic xenobiotics. Interestingly, trichomes and pavement cells are known to endoreduplicate, and we discussed the putative advantages given by endopolyploidy in xenobiotic detoxification abilities. The same feature concerning basal salt gland cells in Spartina has been raised. This similarity with detoxification in the endopolyploid liver cells of the animal system is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Cavé-Radet
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS/OSUR-UMR 6553, Ecosystèmes-Biodiversité-Evolution, Rennes, France
- *Correspondence: Armand Cavé-Radet, ; Mokded Rabhi, ; Abdelhak El Amrani,
| | - Mokded Rabhi
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Armand Cavé-Radet, ; Mokded Rabhi, ; Abdelhak El Amrani,
| | - Francis Gouttefangeas
- Université de Rennes 1, ScanMAT - Synthèse, Caractérisation et ANalyse de la MATière, Rennes, France
| | - Abdelhak El Amrani
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS/OSUR-UMR 6553, Ecosystèmes-Biodiversité-Evolution, Rennes, France
- *Correspondence: Armand Cavé-Radet, ; Mokded Rabhi, ; Abdelhak El Amrani,
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Baldazzi V, Valsesia P, Génard M, Bertin N. Organ-wide and ploidy-dependent regulation both contribute to cell-size determination: evidence from a computational model of tomato fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6215-6228. [PMID: 31504751 PMCID: PMC6859726 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of a new organ is the result of coordinated events of cell division and expansion, in strong interaction with each other. This study presents a dynamic model of tomato fruit development that includes cell division, endoreduplication, and expansion processes. The model is used to investigate the potential interactions among these developmental processes within the context of the neo-cellular theory. In particular, different control schemes (either cell-autonomous or organ-controlled) are tested and compared to experimental data from two contrasting genotypes. The model shows that a pure cell-autonomous control fails to reproduce the observed cell-size distribution, and that an organ-wide control is required in order to get realistic cell-size variations. The model also supports the role of endoreduplication as an important determinant of the final cell size and suggests that a direct effect of endoreduplication on cell expansion is needed in order to obtain a significant correlation between size and ploidy, as observed in real data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Baldazzi
- INRA, PSH, 228 route de l'Aerodrome, Avignon, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, INRA, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, BIOCORE, 2004 route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Michel Génard
- INRA, PSH, 228 route de l'Aerodrome, Avignon, France
| | - Nadia Bertin
- INRA, PSH, 228 route de l'Aerodrome, Avignon, France
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van der Knaap E, Østergaard L. Shaping a fruit: Developmental pathways that impact growth patterns. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 79:27-36. [PMID: 29092788 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiosperms produce seeds as their progeny enclosed in maternally-derived structures called fruits. Evolutionarily, fruits have contributed enormously to the success of the Angiosperms phylum by providing protection and nutrition to the developing seeds, while ensuring the efficient dispersal upon maturity. Fruits vary massively in both size and shape and certain species have been targeted for domestication due to their nutritional value and delicious taste. Among the vast array of 3D fruit shapes that exist in nature, the mechanism by which growth is oriented and coordinated to generate this diversity of forms is unclear. In this review, we discuss the latest results in identifying components that control fruit morphology and their effect on isotropic and anisotropic growth. Moreover, we will compare the current knowledge on the mechanisms that control fruit growth, size and shape between the domesticated Solanaceae species, tomato and members of the large family of Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van der Knaap
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
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38
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Qi X, Liu C, Song L, Li Y, Li M. PaCYP78A9, a Cytochrome P450, Regulates Fruit Size in Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2076. [PMID: 29259616 PMCID: PMC5723407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is an important fruit crop in which fruit size is strongly associated with commercial value; few genes associated with fruit size have, however, been identified in sweet cherry. Members of the CYP78A subfamily, a group of important cytochrome P450s, have been found to be involved in controlling seed size and development in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, soybean, and tomato. However, the influence of CYP78A members in controlling organ size and the underlying molecular mechanisms in sweet cherry and other fruit trees remains unclear. Here, we characterized a P. avium CYP78A gene PaCYP78A9 that is thought to be involved in the regulation of fruit size and organ development using overexpression and silencing approaches. PaCYP78A9 was significantly expressed in the flowers and fruit of sweet cherry. RNAi silencing of PaCYP78A9 produced small cherry fruits and PaCYP78A9 was found to affect fruit size by mediating mesocarp cell proliferation and expansion during fruit growth and development. Overexpression of PaCYP78A9 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased silique and seed size and PaCYP78A9 was found to be highly expressed in the inflorescences and siliques of transgenic plants. Genes related to cell cycling and proliferation were downregulated in fruit from sweet cherry TRV::PaCYP78A9-silencing lines, suggesting that PaCYP78A9 is likely to be an important upstream regulator of cell cycle processes. Together, our findings indicate that PaCYP78A9 plays an essential role in the regulation of cherry fruit size and provide insights into the molecular basis of the mechanisms regulating traits such as fruit size in P. avium.
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