1
|
Aghdam MS, Razavi F, Jia H. TOR and SnRK1 signaling pathways manipulation for improving postharvest fruits and vegetables marketability. Food Chem 2024; 456:139987. [PMID: 38852461 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
During postharvest life, intracellular sugar insufficiency accompanied by insufficient intracellular ATP and NADPH supply, intracellular ROS overaccumulation along with intracellular ABA accumulation arising from water shortage could be responsible for accelerating fruits and vegetables deterioration through promoting SnRK1 and SnRK2 signaling pathways while preventing TOR signaling pathway. By TOR and SnRK1 signaling pathways manipulation, sufficient intracellular ATP and NADPH providing, supporting phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins accumulation accompanied by improving DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS scavenging capacity by enhancing phenylpropanoid pathway activity, stimulating endogenous salicylic acid accumulation and NPR1-TGA-PRs signaling pathway, enhancing fatty acids biosynthesis, elongation and unsaturation, suppressing intracellular ROS overaccumulation, and promoting endogenous sucrose accumulation could be responsible for chilling injury palliating, fungal decay alleviating, senescence delaying and sensory and nutritional quality preservation in fruits and vegetables. Therefore, TOR and SnRK1 signaling pathways manipulation during postharvest shelf life by employing eco-friendly approaches such as exogenous trehalose and ATP application or engaging biotechnological approaches such as genome editing CRISPR-Cas9 or sprayable double-stranded RNA-based RNA interference would be applicable for improving fruits and vegetables marketability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhang Razavi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Gong C, Liu L, Wang T. The invertase gene PWIN1 confers chilling tolerance of rice at the booting stage via mediating pollen development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39051263 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Pollen fertility is a primary regulator of grain yield and is highly susceptible to cold and other environmental stress. We revealed the roles of rice cell wall invertase gene PWIN1 in pollen development and chilling tolerance. We uncovered its preferential expression in microspores and bicellular pollen and identified its knock-down and knock-out mutants. pwin1 mutants produced a higher proportion of abnormal pollen than wild-type plants. The contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose were increased, while ATP content and primary metabolism activity were reduced in the mutant pollen. Furthermore, the loss of function of PWIN1 coincided with an increase in SnRK1 activity and a decrease in TOR activity. Under chilling conditions, pwin1 mutants displayed significantly reduced pollen viability and seed-setting rate, while overexpressing PWIN1 notably increased pollen viability and seed-setting rate as compared with the wild-type, indicating that PWIN1 is essential for rice pollen development and grain yield under cold stress. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice pollen fertility during chilling stress, and a new module to improve chilling tolerance of rice at the booting stage by molecular design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Lingtong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi W, Liu Y, Zhao N, Yao L, Li J, Fan M, Zhong B, Bai MY, Han C. Hydrogen peroxide is required for light-induced stomatal opening across different plant species. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5081. [PMID: 38876991 PMCID: PMC11178795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stomatal movement is vital for plants to exchange gases and adaption to terrestrial habitats, which is regulated by environmental and phytohormonal signals. Here, we demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is required for light-induced stomatal opening. H2O2 accumulates specifically in guard cells even when plants are under unstressed conditions. Reducing H2O2 content through chemical treatments or genetic manipulations results in impaired stomatal opening in response to light. This phenomenon is observed across different plant species, including lycopodium, fern, and monocotyledonous wheat. Additionally, we show that H2O2 induces the nuclear localization of KIN10 protein, the catalytic subunit of plant energy sensor SnRK1. The nuclear-localized KIN10 interacts with and phosphorylates the bZIP transcription factor bZIP30, leading to the formation of a heterodimer between bZIP30 and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1), the master regulator of brassinosteroid signaling. This heterodimer complex activates the expression of amylase, which enables guard cell starch degradation and promotes stomatal opening. Overall, these findings suggest that H2O2 plays a critical role in light-induced stomatal opening across different plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Na Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lianmei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jinge Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, Shandong, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bojian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hosokawa C, Yagi H, Segami S, Nagano AJ, Koumoto Y, Tamura K, Oka Y, Matsushita T, Shimada T. The Arabidopsis katamari2 Mutant Exhibits a Hypersensitive Seedling Arrest Response at the Phase Transition from Heterotrophic to Autotrophic Growth. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:350-361. [PMID: 38175914 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Young seedlings use nutrients stored in the seeds to grow and acquire photosynthetic potential. This process, called seedling establishment, involves a developmental phase transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth. Some membrane-trafficking mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), such as the katamari2 (kam2) mutant, exhibit growth arrest during seedling development, with a portion of individuals failing to develop true leaves on sucrose-free solid medium. However, the reason for this seedling arrest is unclear. In this study, we show that seedling arrest is a temporal growth arrest response that occurs not only in kam2 but also in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis; however, the threshold for this response is lower in kam2 than in the WT. A subset of the arrested kam2 seedlings resumed growth after transfer to fresh sucrose-free medium. Growth arrest in kam2 on sucrose-free medium was restored by increasing the gel concentration of the medium or covering the surface of the medium with a perforated plastic sheet. WT Arabidopsis seedlings were also arrested when the gel concentration of sucrose-free medium was reduced. RNA sequencing revealed that transcriptomic changes associated with the rate of seedling establishment were observed as early as 4 d after sowing. Our results suggest that the growth arrest of both kam2 and WT seedlings is an adaptive stress response and is not simply caused by the lack of a carbon source in the medium. This study provides a new perspective on an environmental stress response under unfavorable conditions during the phase transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroki Yagi
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501 Japan
| | - Shoji Segami
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, 520-2194 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0017 Japan
| | - Yasuko Koumoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Yoshito Oka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | | | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morales-Herrera S, Paul MJ, Van Dijck P, Beeckman T. SnRK1/TOR/T6P: three musketeers guarding energy for root growth. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00062-1. [PMID: 38580543 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Sugars derived from photosynthesis, specifically sucrose, are the primary source of plant energy. Sucrose is produced in leaves and transported to the roots through the phloem, serving as a vital energy source. Environmental conditions can result in higher or lower photosynthesis, promoting anabolism or catabolism, respectively, thereby influencing the sucrose budget available for roots. Plants can adjust their root system to optimize the search for soil resources and to ensure the plant's adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Recently, emerging research indicates that SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 (SnRK1), trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) collectively serve as fundamental regulators of root development, together forming a signaling module to interpret the nutritional status of the plant and translate this to growth adjustments in the below ground parts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Morales-Herrera
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M J Paul
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - P Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cayuela A, Villasante-Fernández A, Corbalán-Acedo A, Baena-González E, Ferrando A, Belda-Palazón B. An Escherichia coli-Based Phosphorylation System for Efficient Screening of Kinase Substrates. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3813. [PMID: 38612623 PMCID: PMC11011427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), particularly phosphorylation, play a pivotal role in expanding the complexity of the proteome and regulating diverse cellular processes. In this study, we present an efficient Escherichia coli phosphorylation system designed to streamline the evaluation of potential substrates for Arabidopsis thaliana plant kinases, although the technology is amenable to any. The methodology involves the use of IPTG-inducible vectors for co-expressing kinases and substrates, eliminating the need for radioactive isotopes and prior protein purification. We validated the system's efficacy by assessing the phosphorylation of well-established substrates of the plant kinase SnRK1, including the rat ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE 1 (ACC1) and FYVE1/FREE1 proteins. The results demonstrated the specificity and reliability of the system in studying kinase-substrate interactions. Furthermore, we applied the system to investigate the phosphorylation cascade involving the A. thaliana MKK3-MPK2 kinase module. The activation of MPK2 by MKK3 was demonstrated to phosphorylate the Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), confirming the system's ability to unravel sequential enzymatic steps in phosphorylation cascades. Overall, this E. coli phosphorylation system offers a rapid, cost-effective, and reliable approach for screening potential kinase substrates, presenting a valuable tool to complement the current portfolio of molecular techniques for advancing our understanding of kinase functions and their roles in cellular signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Cayuela
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.C.); (A.V.-F.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Adela Villasante-Fernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.C.); (A.V.-F.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Antonio Corbalán-Acedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.C.); (A.V.-F.); (A.C.-A.)
| | | | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.C.); (A.V.-F.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Borja Belda-Palazón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.C.); (A.V.-F.); (A.C.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun J, Liu H, Blanford JK, Cai Y, Zhai Z, Shanklin J. GRIK phosphorylates and activates KIN10 which also promotes its degradation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1375471. [PMID: 38590740 PMCID: PMC10999582 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1375471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The sensor kinase Sucrose Non-fermenting-1-Related Kinase 1 (SnRK1) plays a central role in energy and metabolic homeostasis. KIN10 is a major catalytic (α) kinase subunit of SnRK1 regulated by transcription, posttranslational modification, targeted protein degradation, and its subcellular localization. Geminivirus Rep Interacting Kinase 1 and 2 (GRIK1 and 2) are immediate upstream kinases of KIN10. In the transient protein expression assays carried out in Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) leaves, GRIK1 not only phosphorylates KIN10 but also simultaneously initiates its degradation. Posttranslational GRIK-mediated KIN10 degradation is dependent on both GRIK kinase activity and phosphorylation of the KIN10 T-loop. KIN10 proteins are significantly enriched in the grik1-1 grik2-1 double mutant, consistent with the transient assays in N. benthamiana. Interestingly. Among the enriched KIN10 proteins from grik1-1 grik2-1, is a longer isoform, putatively derived by alternative splicing which is barely detectable in wild-type plants. The reduced stability of KIN10 upon phosphorylation and activation by GRIK represents a mechanism that enables the KIN10 activity to be rapidly reduced when the levels of intracellular sugar/energy are restored to their set point, representing an important homeostatic control that prevents a metabolic overreaction to low-sugar conditions. Since GRIKs are activating kinases of KIN10, KIN10s in the grik1 grik2 double null mutant background remain un-phosphorylated, with only their basal level of activity, are more stable, and therefore increase in abundance, which also explains the longer isoform KIN10L which is a minor isoform in wild type is clearly detected in the grik1 grik2 double mutant.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rawat SS, Laxmi A. Sugar signals pedal the cell cycle! FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354561. [PMID: 38562561 PMCID: PMC10982403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle involves the sequential and reiterative progression of important events leading to cell division. Progression through a specific phase of the cell cycle is under the control of various factors. Since the cell cycle in multicellular eukaryotes responds to multiple extracellular mitogenic cues, its study in higher forms of life becomes all the more important. One such factor regulating cell cycle progression in plants is sugar signalling. Because the growth of organs depends on both cell growth and proliferation, sugars sensing and signalling are key control points linking sugar perception to regulation of downstream factors which facilitate these key developmental transitions. However, the basis of cell cycle control via sugars is intricate and demands exploration. This review deals with the information on sugar and TOR-SnRK1 signalling and how they manoeuvre various events of the cell cycle to ensure proper growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Canal MV, Mansilla N, Gras DE, Ibarra A, Figueroa CM, Gonzalez DH, Welchen E. Cytochrome c levels affect the TOR pathway to regulate growth and metabolism under energy-deficient conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2039-2058. [PMID: 38191763 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is essential for plant growth, but the mechanisms involved in adjusting growth and metabolism to changes in mitochondrial energy production are not fully understood. We studied plants with reduced expression of CYTC-1, one of two genes encoding the respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc) in Arabidopsis, to understand how mitochondria communicate their status to coordinate metabolism and growth. Plants with CYTc deficiency show decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lower ATP content, even when carbon sources are present. They also exhibit higher free amino acid content, induced autophagy, and increased resistance to nutritional stress caused by prolonged darkness, similar to plants with triggered starvation signals. CYTc deficiency affects target of rapamycin (TOR)-pathway activation, reducing S6 kinase (S6K) and RPS6A phosphorylation, as well as total S6K protein levels due to increased protein degradation via proteasome and autophagy. TOR overexpression restores growth and other parameters affected in cytc-1 mutants, even if mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels remain low. We propose that CYTc-deficient plants coordinate their metabolism and energy availability by reducing TOR-pathway activation as a preventive signal to adjust growth in anticipation of energy exhaustion, thus providing a mechanism by which changes in mitochondrial activity are transduced to the rest of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Canal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana E Gras
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibarra
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Balcerowicz M. Abort the mission: how shading triggers abortion of flower buds in sacred lotus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:977-978. [PMID: 38348953 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
|
11
|
Li X, Zhao M, Yang W, Zhou X, Xie Y. The C4 Protein of TbLCYnV Promotes SnRK1 β2 Degradation Via the Autophagy Pathway to Enhance Viral Infection in N. benthamiana. Viruses 2024; 16:234. [PMID: 38400010 PMCID: PMC10892878 DOI: 10.3390/v16020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are a group of single-stranded DNA viruses that have developed multiple strategies to overcome host defenses and establish viral infections. Sucrose nonfermenting-1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a key regulator of energy balance in plants and plays an important role in plant development and immune defenses. As a heterotrimeric complex, SnRK1 is composed of a catalytic subunit α (SnRK1 α) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. Previous studies on SnRK1 in plant defenses against microbial pathogens have mainly focused on SnRK1 α. In this study, we validated the interaction between the C4 protein encoded by tobacco leaf curl Yunnan virus (TbLCYnV) and the regulatory subunit β of Nicotiana benthamiana SnRK1, i.e., NbSnRK1 β2, and identified that the Asp22 of C4 is critical for TbLCYnV C4-NbSnRK1 β2 interactions. NbSnRK1 β2 silencing in N. benthamiana enhances susceptibility to TbLCYnV infection. Plants infected with viral mutant TbLCYnV (C4D22A), which contains the mutant version C4 (D22A) that is incapable of interacting with NbSnRK1 β2, display milder symptoms and lower viral accumulation. Furthermore, we discovered that C4 promotes NbSnRK1 β2 degradation via the autophagy pathway. We herein propose a model by which the geminivirus C4 protein causes NbSnRK1 β2 degradation via the TbLCYnV C4-NbSnRK1 β2 interaction to antagonize host antiviral defenses and facilitates viral infection and symptom development in N. benthamiana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wanyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marash I, Gupta R, Anand G, Leibman-Markus M, Lindner N, Israeli A, Nir D, Avni A, Bar M. TOR coordinates cytokinin and gibberellin signals mediating development and defense. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:629-650. [PMID: 37904283 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants constantly perceive and process environmental signals and balance between the energetic demands of growth and defense. Growth arrest upon pathogen attack was previously suggested to result from a redirection of the plants' metabolic resources towards the activation of plant defense. The energy sensor Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a conserved master coordinator of growth and development in all eukaryotes. Although TOR is positioned at the interface between development and defense, little is known about the mechanisms by which TOR may potentially regulate the relationship between these two modalities. The plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and gibberellin (GA) execute various aspects of plant development and defense. The ratio between CK and GA was reported to determine the outcome of developmental programmes. Here, investigating the interplay between TOR-mediated development and TOR-mediated defense in tomato, we found that TOR silencing resulted in rescue of several different aberrant developmental phenotypes, demonstrating that TOR is required for the execution of developmental cues. In parallel, TOR inhibition enhanced immunity in genotypes with a low CK/GA ratio but not in genotypes with a high CK/GA ratio. TOR-inhibition mediated disease resistance was found to depend on developmental status, and was abolished in strongly morphogenetic leaves, while being strongest in mature, differentiated leaves. CK repressed TOR activity, suggesting that CK-mediated immunity may rely on TOR downregulation. At the same time, TOR activity was promoted by GA, and TOR silencing reduced GA sensitivity, indicating that GA signalling requires normal TOR activity. Our results demonstrate that TOR likely acts in concert with CK and GA signalling, executing signalling cues in both defense and development. Thus, differential regulation of TOR or TOR-mediated processes could regulate the required outcome of development-defense prioritisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iftah Marash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Gautam Anand
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Naomi Lindner
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Israeli
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dov Nir
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen J, Huang SB, Wang X, Huang L, Gao C, Huang XY, Zhao FJ. IAR4 mutation enhances cadmium toxicity by disturbing auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:438-453. [PMID: 37721748 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants, but the targets and modes of toxicity remain unclear. We isolated a Cd-hypersensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, Cd-induced short root 2 (cdsr2), in the background of the phytochelatin synthase-defective mutant cad1-3. Both cdsr2 and cdsr2 cad1-3 displayed shorter roots and were more sensitive to Cd than their respective wild type. Using genomic resequencing and complementation, IAR4 was identified as the causal gene, which encodes a putative mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit. cdsr2 showed decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and NADH content, but markedly increased concentrations of pyruvate and alanine in roots. Both Cd stress and IAR4 mutation decreased auxin level in the root tips, and the effect was additive. A higher growth temperature rescued the phenotypes in cdsr2. Exogenous alanine inhibited root growth and decreased auxin level in the wild type. Cadmium stress suppressed the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, hydrolysis of auxin-conjugates and auxin polar transport. Our results suggest that auxin homeostasis is a key target of Cd toxicity, which is aggravated by IAR4 mutation due to decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Decreased auxin level in cdsr2 is likely caused by increased auxin-alanine conjugation and decreased energy status in roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao Bai Huang
- School of Molecular Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - LiZhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dasgupta A, Urquidi Camacho RA, Enganti R, Cho SK, Tucker LL, Torreverde JS, Abraham PE, von Arnim AG. A phosphorylation-deficient ribosomal protein eS6 is largely functional in Arabidopsis thaliana, rescuing mutant defects from global translation and gene expression to photosynthesis and growth. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e566. [PMID: 38250458 PMCID: PMC10799217 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryote-specific ribosomal protein of the small subunit eS6 is phosphorylated through the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase pathway. Although this phosphorylation event responds dynamically to environmental conditions and has been studied for over 50 years, its biochemical and physiological significance remains controversial and poorly understood. Here, we report data from Arabidopsis thaliana, which indicate that plants expressing only a phospho-deficient isoform of eS6 grow essentially normally under laboratory conditions. The eS6z (RPS6A) paralog of eS6 functionally rescued a double mutant in both rps6a and rps6b genes when expressed at approximately twice the wild-type dosage. A mutant isoform of eS6z lacking the major six phosphorylatable serine and threonine residues in its carboxyl-terminal tail also rescued the lethality, rosette growth, and polyribosome loading of the double mutant. This isoform also complemented many mutant phenotypes of rps6 that were newly characterized here, including photosynthetic efficiency, and most of the gene expression defects that were measured by transcriptomics and proteomics. However, compared with plants rescued with a phospho-enabled version of eS6z, the phospho-deficient seedlings retained a mild pointed-leaf phenotype, root growth was reduced, and certain cell cycle-related mRNAs and ribosome biogenesis proteins were misexpressed. The residual defects of the phospho-deficient seedlings could be understood as an incomplete rescue of the rps6 mutant defects. There was little or no evidence for gain-of-function defects. As previously published, the phospho-deficient eS6z also rescued the rps6a and rps6b single mutants; however, phosphorylation of the eS6y (RPS6B) paralog remained lower than predicted, further underscoring that plants can tolerate phospho-deficiency of eS6 well. Our data also yield new insights into how plants cope with mutations in essential, duplicated ribosomal protein isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Ramya Enganti
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Sung Ki Cho
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lindsey L. Tucker
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John S. Torreverde
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Paul E. Abraham
- Graduate School of Genome Science and TechnologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Albrecht G. von Arnim
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and TechnologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zou P, Wang L, Liu F, Yan Z, Chen X. Effect of interfering TOR signaling pathway on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2199644. [PMID: 37039834 PMCID: PMC10101657 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2199644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The TOR (Target of Rapamycin) signaling pathway, which takes TOR kinase as the core, regulates the absorption, distribution, and recycling of nutrients by integrating metabolic network and other signaling pathways, thus participating in the plant growth-defense trade-off. While terpenoids play an important role in plant growth, development, stress response, and signal transduction. The effect of the TOR signaling pathway on terpenoid biosynthesis in plants has yet to be studied in detail. In this study, the tissue culture seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza were treated with the TOR inhibitor AZD8055. The results show that the roots of the control group had begun to grow on the 8th day, while the seedlings treated with AZD8055 had no rooting signs. Combined with the expression changes of genes related to the TOR signaling pathway in the first 8 days, samples on the 3rd, 6th, and 8th days were selected for RNA-Seq analysis. Through RNA-Seq analysis, a total of 50,689 unigenes were obtained from the samples of these three periods, of which 4088 unigenes showed differential expression. The function enrichment and time-series analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the main influence of the TOR signal pathway on plant growth-related processes was gradually transmitted with treatment time after TOR was inhibited. Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that the genes in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, such as diterpenoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways, could be regulated. Compared with other stages, DEGs related to terpenoid biosynthesis were mainly regulated in the S2 stage. In addition, the genes involved in terpenoid skeleton biosynthesis was also considerably enriched in the S2 stage, according to the results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of unigenes. Inhibition of the TOR signaling pathway may affect the biosynthesis of terpenoid signaling molecules, inhibit gibberellin's biosynthesis, and promote abscisic acid's biosynthesis. This study has discussed the effect of interfering with the TOR pathway on terpenoid biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza from the perspective of omics and provides new insight into the interaction between the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway and the growth-defense trade-off of medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- CONTACT Xin Chen School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan611171, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Göbel M, Fichtner F. Functions of sucrose and trehalose 6-phosphate in controlling plant development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154140. [PMID: 38007969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit enormous plasticity in regulating their architecture to be able to adapt to a constantly changing environment and carry out vital functions such as photosynthesis, anchoring, and nutrient uptake. Phytohormones play a role in regulating these responses, but sugar signalling mechanisms are also crucial. Sucrose is not only an important source of carbon and energy fuelling plant growth, but it also functions as a signalling molecule that influences various developmental processes. Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), a sucrose-specific signalling metabolite, is emerging as an important regulator in plant metabolism and development. Key players involved in sucrose and Tre6P signalling pathways, including MAX2, SnRK1, bZIP11, and TOR, have been implicated in processes such as flowering, branching, and root growth. We will summarize our current knowledge of how these pathways shape shoot and root architecture and highlight how sucrose and Tre6P signalling are integrated with known signalling networks in shaping plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Göbel
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Germany; Cluster of Excellences on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Germany; Cluster of Excellences on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pinto VB, Vidigal PMP, Dal-Bianco M, Almeida-Silva F, Venancio TM, Viana JMS. Transcriptome-based strategies for identifying aluminum tolerance genes in popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta). Sci Rep 2023; 13:19400. [PMID: 37938583 PMCID: PMC10632369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity limits crop production worldwide. Although studies have identified genes associated with Al tolerance in crops, a large amount of data remains unexplored using other strategies. Here, we searched for single substitutions and InDels across differentially expressed genes (DEGs), linked DEGs to Al-tolerance QTLs reported in the literature for common maize, and investigated the alternative splicing regulated by Al3+ toxicity. We found 929 substitutions between DEGs in Al-tolerant and 464 in Al-sensitive inbred lines, of which 165 and 80 were non-synonymous, respectively. Only 12 NS variants had deleterious predicted effect on protein function in Al-tolerant and 13 in Al-sensitive. Moreover, 378 DEGs were mapped in Al-QTL regions for the Al-tolerant and 213 for the Al-sensitive. Furthermore, Al stress is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level in popcorn. Important genes identified, such as HDT1, SWEET4a, GSTs, SAD9, PIP2-2, CASP-like 5, and AGP, may benefit molecular assisted popcorn breeding or be useful in biotechnological approaches. These findings offer insights into the mechanisms of Al tolerance in popcorn and provide a 'hypothesis-free' strategy for identifying and prioritizing candidate genes that could be used to develop molecular markers or cultivars resilient to acidic soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Batista Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | | | - Maximiller Dal-Bianco
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Genética de Plantas/BIOAGRO. UFV, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, CBB. UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Thiago Motta Venancio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, CBB. UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leibman-Markus M, Schneider A, Gupta R, Marash I, Rav-David D, Carmeli-Weissberg M, Elad Y, Bar M. Immunity priming uncouples the growth-defense trade-off in tomato. Development 2023; 150:dev201158. [PMID: 37882831 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed an array of mechanisms to protect themselves against pathogen invasion. The deployment of defense mechanisms is imperative for plant survival, but can come at the expense of plant growth, leading to the 'growth-defense trade-off' phenomenon. Following pathogen exposure, plants can develop resistance to further attack. This is known as induced resistance, or priming. Here, we investigated the growth-defense trade-off, examining how defense priming via systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR), affects tomato development and growth. We found that defense priming can promote, rather than inhibit, plant development, and that defense priming and growth trade-offs can be uncoupled. Cytokinin response was activated during induced resistance, and found to be required for the observed growth and disease resistance resulting from ISR activation. ISR was found to have a stronger effect than SAR on plant development. Our results suggest that growth promotion and induced resistance can be co-dependent, and that, in certain cases, defense priming can drive developmental processes and promote plant yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Anat Schneider
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Iftah Marash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dalia Rav-David
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Mira Carmeli-Weissberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Giese J, Eirich J, Walther D, Zhang Y, Lassowskat I, Fernie AR, Elsässer M, Maurino VG, Schwarzländer M, Finkemeier I. The interplay of post-translational protein modifications in Arabidopsis leaves during photosynthesis induction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1172-1193. [PMID: 37522418 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal dark to light transition causes profound physiological changes in plant metabolism. These changes require distinct modes of regulation as a unique feature of photosynthetic lifestyle. The activities of several key metabolic enzymes are regulated by light-dependent post-translational modifications (PTM) and have been studied at depth at the level of individual proteins. In contrast, a global picture of the light-dependent PTMome dynamics is lacking, leaving the response of a large proportion of cellular function undefined. Here, we investigated the light-dependent metabolome and proteome changes in Arabidopsis rosettes in a time resolved manner to dissect their kinetic interplay, focusing on phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, and cysteine-based redox switches. Of over 24 000 PTM sites that were detected, more than 1700 were changed during the transition from dark to light. While the first changes, as measured 5 min after onset of illumination, occurred mainly in the chloroplasts, PTM changes at proteins in other compartments coincided with the full activation of the Calvin-Benson cycle and the synthesis of sugars at later timepoints. Our data reveal connections between metabolism and PTM-based regulation throughout the cell. The comprehensive multiome profiling analysis provides unique insight into the extent by which photosynthesis reprograms global cell function and adds a powerful resource for the dissection of diverse cellular processes in the context of photosynthetic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Giese
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7-8, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7-8, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPIMP), Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPIMP), Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Ines Lassowskat
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7-8, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPIMP), Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Marlene Elsässer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7-8, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7-8, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7-8, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Safi A, Smagghe W, Gonçalves A, Wang Q, Xu K, Fernandez AI, Cappe B, Riquet FB, Mylle E, Eeckhout D, De Winne N, Van De Slijke E, Persyn F, Persiau G, Van Damme D, Geelen D, De Jaeger G, Beeckman T, Van Leene J, Vanneste S. Phase separation-based visualization of protein-protein interactions and kinase activities in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3280-3302. [PMID: 37378595 PMCID: PMC10473206 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein activities depend heavily on protein complex formation and dynamic posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation. The dynamic nature of protein complex formation and posttranslational modifications is notoriously difficult to monitor in planta at cellular resolution, often requiring extensive optimization. Here, we generated and exploited the SYnthetic Multivalency in PLants (SYMPL)-vector set to assay protein-protein interactions (PPIs) (separation of phases-based protein interaction reporter) and kinase activities (separation of phases-based activity reporter of kinase) in planta, based on phase separation. This technology enabled easy detection of inducible, binary and ternary PPIs among cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins in plant cells via a robust image-based readout. Moreover, we applied the SYMPL toolbox to develop an in vivo reporter for SNF1-related kinase 1 activity, allowing us to visualize tissue-specific, dynamic SnRK1 activity in stable transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. The SYMPL cloning toolbox provides a means to explore PPIs, phosphorylation, and other posttranslational modifications with unprecedented ease and sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaeddine Safi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Smagghe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB, Bioimaging Core, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Ibis Fernandez
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Cappe
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franck B Riquet
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy De Winne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Van De Slijke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Persyn
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelle Van Leene
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saile J, Wießner-Kroh T, Erbstein K, Obermüller DM, Pfeiffer A, Janocha D, Lohmann J, Wachter A. SNF1-RELATED KINASE 1 and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN control light-responsive splicing events and developmental characteristics in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3413-3428. [PMID: 37338062 PMCID: PMC10473197 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The kinases SNF1-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) are central sensors of the energy status, linking this information via diverse regulatory mechanisms to plant development and stress responses. Despite the well-studied functions of SnRK1 and TOR under conditions of limited or ample energy availability, respectively, little is known about the extent to which the 2 sensor systems function and how they are integrated in the same molecular process or physiological context. Here, we demonstrate that both SnRK1 and TOR are required for proper skotomorphogenesis in etiolated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings, light-induced cotyledon opening, and regular development in light. Furthermore, we identify SnRK1 and TOR as signaling components acting upstream of light- and sugar-regulated alternative splicing events, expanding the known action spectra for these 2 key players in energy signaling. Our findings imply that concurring SnRK1 and TOR activities are required throughout various phases of plant development. Based on the current knowledge and our findings, we hypothesize that turning points in the activities of these sensor kinases, as expected to occur upon illumination of etiolated seedlings, instead of signaling thresholds reflecting the nutritional status may modulate developmental programs in response to altered energy availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Saile
- Institute for Molecular Physiology (imP), University of Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Wießner-Kroh
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katarina Erbstein
- Institute for Molecular Physiology (imP), University of Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik M Obermüller
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Pfeiffer
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denis Janocha
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Lohmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wachter
- Institute for Molecular Physiology (imP), University of Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jeh HE, Sanchez R, Beltrán J, Yang X, Kundariya H, Wamboldt Y, Dopp I, Hafner A, Mackenzie SA. Sensory plastid-associated PsbP DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 3 triggers plant growth- and defense-related epigenetic responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:414-433. [PMID: 37036138 PMCID: PMC10525003 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sensory plastids are important in plant responses to environmental changes. Previous studies show that MutS HOMOLOG 1 (MSH1) perturbation in sensory plastids induces heritable epigenetic phenotype adjustment. Previously, the PsbP homolog DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 3 (PPD3), a protein of unknown function, was postulated to be an interactor with MSH1. This study investigates the relationship of PPD3 with MSH1 and with plant environmental sensing. The ppd3 mutant displays a whole-plant phenotype variably altered in growth rate, flowering time, reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulation and response to salt, with effects on meristem growth. Present in both chloroplasts and sensory plastids, PPD3 colocalized with MSH1 in root tips but not in leaf tissues. The suppression or overexpression of PPD3 affected the plant growth rate and stress tolerance, and led to a heritable, heterogenous 'memory' state with both dwarfed and vigorous growth phenotypes. Gene expression and DNA methylome data sets from PPD3-OX and derived memory states showed enrichment in growth versus defense networks and meristem effects. Our results support a model of sensory plastid influence on nuclear epigenetic behavior and ppd3 as a second trigger, functioning within meristem plastids to recalibrate growth plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Jeh
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Robersy Sanchez
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jesús Beltrán
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Current Address: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside CA 92521
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Current Address: School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hardik Kundariya
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Yashitola Wamboldt
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588
- Current Address: MatMaCorp, Lincoln, NE
| | - Isaac Dopp
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Alenka Hafner
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Sally A. Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brenya E, Dutta E, Herron B, Walden LH, Roberts DM, Binder BM. Ethylene-mediated metabolic priming increases photosynthesis and metabolism to enhance plant growth and stress tolerance. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad216. [PMID: 37469928 PMCID: PMC10353721 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing crop yields is a major challenge because of an increasing human population, climate change, and reduction in arable land. Here, we demonstrate that long-lasting growth enhancement and increased stress tolerance occur by pretreatment of dark grown Arabidopsis seedlings with ethylene before transitioning into light. Plants treated this way had longer primary roots, more and longer lateral roots, and larger aerial tissue and were more tolerant to high temperature, salt, and recovery from hypoxia stress. We attributed the increase in plant growth and stress tolerance to ethylene-induced photosynthetic-derived sugars because ethylene pretreatment caused a 23% increase in carbon assimilation and increased the levels of glucose (266%), sucrose/trehalose (446%), and starch (87%). Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses several days posttreatment showed a significant increase in metabolic processes and gene transcripts implicated in cell division, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. Because of this large effect on metabolism, we term this "ethylene-mediated metabolic priming." Reducing photosynthesis with inhibitors or mutants prevented the growth enhancement, but this was partially rescued by exogenous sucrose, implicating sugars in this growth phenomenon. Additionally, ethylene pretreatment increased the levels of CINV1 and CINV2 encoding invertases that hydrolyze sucrose, and cinv1;cinv2 mutants did not respond to ethylene pretreatment with increased growth indicating increased sucrose breakdown is critical for this trait. A model is proposed where ethylene-mediated metabolic priming causes long-term increases in photosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization to increase growth. These responses may be part of the natural development of seedlings as they navigate through the soil to emerge into light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brenya
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Esha Dutta
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Brittani Herron
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Lauren H Walden
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Daniel M Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xie D, Hao M, Zhao L, Chen X, Chen X, Jiang B, Ning S, Yuan Z, Zhang L, Shu K, Zhang Y, Liu D, Wu P. Transcriptomic analysis provides insight into the genetic regulation of shade avoidance in Aegilops tauschii. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:336. [PMID: 37353759 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weeds are not only economically important but also fascinating models for studying the adaptation of species in human-mediated environments. Aegilops tauschii is the D-genome donor species of common wheat but is also a weed that influences wheat production. How shading stress caused by adjacent wheat plants affects Ae. tauschii growth is a fundamental scientific question but is also important in agriculture, such as for weed control and wheat breeding. RESULT The present study indicated that shade avoidance is a strategy of Ae. tauschii in response to shading stress. Ae. tauschii plants exhibited growth increases in specific organs, such as stem and leaf elongation, to avoid shading. However, these changes were accompanied by sacrificing the growth of other parts of the plants, such as a reduction in tiller number. The two reverse phenotype responses seem to be formed by systemically regulating the expression of different genes. Fifty-six genes involved in the regulation of cell division and cell expansion were found to be downregulated, and one key upstream negative regulator (RPK2) of cell division was upregulated under shading stress. On the other hand, the upregulated genes under shading stress were mainly enriched in protein serine/threonine kinase activity and carbon metabolism, which are associated with cell enlargement, signal transduction and energy supply. The transcription factor WRKY72 may be important in regulating genes in response to shading stress, which can be used as a prior candidate gene for further study on the genetic regulation of shade avoidance. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds new light on the gene expression changes and molecular processes involved in the response and avoidance of Ae. tauschii to shading stress, which may aid more effective development of shading stress avoidance or cultivars in wheat and other crops in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Die Xie
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Laibin Zhao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shunzong Ning
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peipei Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun Y, Cai D, Qin D, Chen J, Su Y, Zheng X, Meng Z, Zhang J, Xiong L, Dong Z, Cheng P, Peng X, Yu G. The plant protection preparation GZM improves crop immunity, yield, and quality. iScience 2023; 26:106819. [PMID: 37250797 PMCID: PMC10212988 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lauryl alcohol, a natural compound found in plants and other organisms, is widely used to make surfactants, food, and pharmaceuticals. GZM, a plant protection preparation with lauryl alcohol as its major component is thought to establish a physical barrier on the plant surface, but its physiological functions are unknown. Here, we show that GZM improves the performance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) plants in both the laboratory and the field. We demonstrate that the treatment with GZM or lauryl alcohol raises the contents of several specific lysophospholipids and induces the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and wax in various plant species. In the field, GZM improves crop immunity, yield, and quality. In addition, GZM and lauryl alcohol can inhibit the growth of some pathogenic fungi. Our findings provide insights into the physiological and biological effects of GZM treatment on plants and show that GZM and lauryl alcohol are promising preparations in agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Dianxian Cai
- Laboratory of Plant Health, Zhuhai Runnong Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Di Qin
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jialiang Chen
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yutong Su
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Lina Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhangyong Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaoming Peng
- Laboratory of Plant Health, Zhuhai Runnong Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Considine MJ, Foyer CH. Metabolic regulation of quiescence in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1132-1148. [PMID: 36994639 PMCID: PMC10952390 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quiescence is a crucial survival attribute in which cell division is repressed in a reversible manner. Although quiescence has long been viewed as an inactive state, recent studies have shown that it is an actively monitored process that is influenced by environmental stimuli. Here, we provide a perspective of the quiescent state and discuss how this process is tuned by energy, nutrient and oxygen status, and the pathways that sense and transmit these signals. We not only highlight the governance of canonical regulators and signalling mechanisms that respond to changes in nutrient and energy status, but also consider the central significance of mitochondrial functions and cues as key regulators of nuclear gene expression. Furthermore, we discuss how reactive oxygen species and the associated redox processes, which are intrinsically linked to energy carbohydrate metabolism, also play a key role in the orchestration of quiescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and the School of Molecular SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern Australia6009Australia
- The Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentPerthWestern Australia6000Australia
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Driesen E, Saeys W, De Proft M, Lauwers A, Van den Ende W. Far-Red Light Mediated Carbohydrate Concentration Changes in Leaves of Sweet Basil, a Stachyose Translocating Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098378. [PMID: 37176086 PMCID: PMC10179449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) refers to photons between 400 and 700 nm. These photons drive photosynthesis, providing carbohydrates for plant metabolism and development. Far-red radiation (FR, 701-750 nm) is excluded in this definition because no FR is absorbed by the plant photosynthetic pigments. However, including FR in the light spectrum provides substantial benefits for biomass production and resource-use efficiency. We investigated the effects of continuous FR addition and end-of-day additional FR to a broad white light spectrum (BW) on carbohydrate concentrations in the top and bottom leaves of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a species that produces the raffinose family oligosaccharides raffinose and stachyose and preferentially uses the latter as transport sugar. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose, and starch concentrations increased significantly in top and bottom leaves with the addition of FR light. The increased carbohydrate pools under FR light treatments are associated with more efficient stachyose production and potentially improved phloem loading through increased sucrose homeostasis in intermediary cells. The combination of a high biomass yield, increased resource-use efficiency, and increased carbohydrate concentration in leaves in response to the addition of FR light offers opportunities for commercial plant production in controlled growth environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Driesen
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Willem De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Saeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Willem De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurice De Proft
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Willem De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Van den Ende
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Avidan O, Moraes TA, Mengin V, Feil R, Rolland F, Stitt M, Lunn JE. In vivo protein kinase activity of SnRK1 fluctuates in Arabidopsis rosettes during light-dark cycles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:387-408. [PMID: 36725081 PMCID: PMC10152665 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose-nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a central hub in carbon and energy signaling in plants, and is orthologous with SNF1 in yeast and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in animals. Previous studies of SnRK1 relied on in vitro activity assays or monitoring of putative marker gene expression. Neither approach gives unambiguous information about in vivo SnRK1 activity. We have monitored in vivo SnRK1 activity using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) reporter lines that express a chimeric polypeptide with an SNF1/SnRK1/AMPK-specific phosphorylation site. We investigated responses during an equinoctial diel cycle and after perturbing this cycle. As expected, in vivo SnRK1 activity rose toward the end of the night and rose even further when the night was extended. Unexpectedly, although sugars rose after dawn, SnRK1 activity did not decline until about 12 h into the light period. The sucrose signal metabolite, trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), has been shown to inhibit SnRK1 in vitro. We introduced the SnRK1 reporter into lines that harbored an inducible trehalose-6-phosphate synthase construct. Elevated Tre6P decreased in vivo SnRK1 activity in the light period, but not at the end of the night. Reporter polypeptide phosphorylation was sometimes negatively correlated with Tre6P, but a stronger and more widespread negative correlation was observed with glucose-6-phosphate. We propose that SnRK1 operates within a network that controls carbon utilization and maintains diel sugar homeostasis, that SnRK1 activity is regulated in a context-dependent manner by Tre6P, probably interacting with further inputs including hexose phosphates and the circadian clock, and that SnRK1 signaling is modulated by factors that act downstream of SnRK1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omri Avidan
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thiago A Moraes
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Virginie Mengin
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Stitt
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang J, Zhao J, Wang X, Ma L, Ma Z, Meng X, Fan H. SnRK1 signaling regulates cucumber growth and resistance to Corynespora cassiicola. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111716. [PMID: 37086974 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is one of the key factors determining the growth and development of plants and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Sucrose non-fermentation 1 related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is an important energy-sensitive regulator that plays a key role in the overall control of carbohydrate metabolism. However, little is known about the function of SnRK1 in cucumber. In this study, metformin (an SnRK1 activator) and trehalose (an SnRK1 inhibitor) were used to investigate the role of SnRK1 signaling in cucumber. The results showed that SnRK1 activation could inhibit the growth of cucumber, slow down the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), reduce the contents of photosynthetic pigments and soluble sugars, and suppress the expression of genes related to sucrose metabolism. By contrast, SnRK1 inhibition yielded opposite results. Furthermore, SnRK1 activation and CsSnRK1 over-expression improved cucumber resistance to Corynespora cassiicola. While, SnRK1 inhibition and CsSnRK1 silencing reduced the resistance of cucumber to C. cassiicola. The results indicated that CsSnRK1 gene can positively regulate the resistance of cucumber to C. cassiicola. We conclude that CsSnRK1 signaling plays an important role in balancing the growth and immune response of cucumber. These results can be applied to the improvement of disease-resistant cucumber varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Juyong Zhao
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Zhangtong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen Q, Qu M, Chen Q, Meng X, Fan H. Phosphoproteomics analysis of the effect of target of rapamycin kinase inhibition on Cucumis sativus in response to Podosphaera xanthii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107641. [PMID: 36940522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a conserved sensor of cell growth in yeasts, plants, and mammals. Despite the extensive research on the TOR complex in various biological processes, large-scale phosphoproteomics analysis of TOR phosphorylation events upon environmental stress are scarce. Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii poses a major threat to the quality and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Previous studies concluded that TOR participated in abiotic and biotic stress responses. Hence, studying the underlying mechanism of TOR-P. xanthii infection is particularly important. In this study, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomics studies of Cucumis against P. xanthii attack under AZD-8055 (TOR inhibitor) pretreatment. A total of 3384 phosphopeptides were identified from the 1699 phosphoproteins. The Motif-X analysis showed high sensitivity and specificity of serine sites under AZD-8055-treatment or P. xanthii stress, and TOR exhibited a unique preference for proline at +1 position and glycine at -1 position to enhance the phosphorylation response to P. xanthii. The functional analysis suggested that the unique responses were attributed to proteins related to plant hormone signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade signaling, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and circadian rhythm; and calcium signaling- and defense response-related proteins. Our results provided rich resources for understanding the molecular mechanism of how the TOR kinase controlled plant growth and stress adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mengqi Qu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qinglei Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Fruit Vegetables of Shenyang, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Fruit Vegetables of Shenyang, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li H, Feng B, Li J, Fu W, Wang W, Chen T, Liu L, Wu Z, Peng S, Tao L, Fu G. RGA1 alleviates low-light-repressed pollen tube elongation by improving the metabolism and allocation of sugars and energy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1363-1383. [PMID: 36658612 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-light stress compromises photosynthetic and energy efficiency and leads to spikelet sterility; however, the effect of low-light stress on pollen tube elongation in the pistil remains poorly understood. The gene RGA1, which encodes a Gα-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein, enhanced low-light tolerance at anthesis by preventing the cessation of pollen tube elongation in the pistil of rice plants. In this process, marked increases in the activities of acid invertase (INV), sucrose synthase (SUS) and mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complexes, as well as the relative expression levels of SUTs (sucrose transporter), SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters), SUSs, INVs, CINs (cell-wall INV 1), SnRK1A (sucrose-nonfermenting 1-related kinase 1) and SnRK1B, were observed in OE-1 plants. Accordingly, notable increases in contents of ATP and ATPase were presented in OE-1 plants under low-light conditions, while they were decreased in d1 plants. Importantly, INV and ATPase activators (sucrose and Na2 SO3 , respectively) increased spikelet fertility by improving the energy status in the pistil under low-light conditions, and the ATPase inhibitor Na2 VO4 induced spikelet sterility and decreased ATPase activity. These results suggest that RGA1 could alleviate the low-light stress-induced impairment of pollen tube elongation to increase spikelet fertility by promoting sucrose unloading in the pistil and improving the metabolism and allocation of energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juncai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianmeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zeng Y, Li B, Huang S, Li H, Cao W, Chen Y, Liu G, Li Z, Yang C, Feng L, Gao J, Lo SW, Zhao J, Shen J, Guo Y, Gao C, Dagdas Y, Jiang L. The plant unique ESCRT component FREE1 regulates autophagosome closure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1768. [PMID: 36997511 PMCID: PMC10063618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can activate autophagy when cellular energy production becomes compromised. However, the degree to which nutrient sensing impinges on the autophagosome closure remains unknown. Here, we provide the mechanism underlying a plant unique protein FREE1, upon autophagy-induced SnRK1α1-mediated phosphorylation, functions as a linkage between ATG conjugation system and ESCRT machinery to regulate the autophagosome closure upon nutrient deprivation. Using high-resolution microscopy, 3D-electron tomography, and protease protection assay, we showed that unclosed autophagosomes accumulated in free1 mutants. Proteomic, cellular and biochemical analysis revealed the mechanistic connection between FREE1 and the ATG conjugation system/ESCRT-III complex in regulating autophagosome closure. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the evolutionary conserved plant energy sensor SnRK1α1 phosphorylates FREE1 and recruits it to the autophagosomes to promote closure. Mutagenesis of the phosphorylation site on FREE1 caused the autophagosome closure failure. Our findings unveil how cellular energy sensing pathways regulate autophagosome closure to maintain cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Zeng
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiying Li
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenping Li
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Wan Lo
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jierui Zhao
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University at Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Retzer K, Weckwerth W. Recent insights into metabolic and signalling events of directional root growth regulation and its implications for sustainable crop production systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154088. [PMID: 37008498 PMCID: PMC10060999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Roots are sensors evolved to simultaneously respond to manifold signals, which allow the plant to survive. Root growth responses, including the modulation of directional root growth, were shown to be differently regulated when the root is exposed to a combination of exogenous stimuli compared to an individual stress trigger. Several studies pointed especially to the impact of the negative phototropic response of roots, which interferes with the adaptation of directional root growth upon additional gravitropic, halotropic or mechanical triggers. This review will provide a general overview of known cellular, molecular and signalling mechanisms involved in directional root growth regulation upon exogenous stimuli. Furthermore, we summarise recent experimental approaches to dissect which root growth responses are regulated upon which individual trigger. Finally, we provide a general overview of how to implement the knowledge gained to improve plant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Retzer
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Cao L, Wu X, Wang S, Zhang P, Li M, Jiang J, Ding X, Cao X. Functional characterization of wild soybean (Glycine soja) GsSnRK1.1 protein kinase in plant resistance to abiotic stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153881. [PMID: 36463657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases play crucial roles in the regulation of plant resistance to various stresses. In this work, we determined that GsSnRK1.1 was actively responsive to saline-alkali, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) stresses by histochemical staining and qRT-PCR analyses. The wild-type GsSnRK1.1 but not the kinase-dead mutant, GsSnRK1.1(K49M), demonstrated in vitro kinase activity by phosphorylating GsABF2. Intriguingly, we found that GsSnRK1.1 could complement the loss of SNF1 kinase in yeast Msy1193 (-snf1) mutant, rescue growth defects of yeast cells on medium with glycerol as a carbon resource, and promote yeast resistance to NaCl or NaHCO3. To further elucidate GsSnRK1.1 function in planta, we knocked out SnRK1.1 gene from the Arabidopsis genome by the CRISPR/Cas9 approach, and then expressed GsSnRK1.1 and a series of mutants into snrk1.1-null lines. The transgenic Arabidopsis lines were subjected to various abiotic stress treatments. The results showed that GsSnRK1.1(T176E) mutant with enhanced protein kinase activity significantly promoted, but GsSnRK1.1(K49M) and GsSnRK1.1(T176A) mutants with disrupted protein kinase activity abrogated, plant stomatal closure and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In conclusion, this study provides the molecular clues to fully understand the physiological functions of plant SnRK1 protein kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Pengmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Minglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xiaoying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen T, Ma J, Xu C, Jiang N, Li G, Fu W, Feng B, Wang D, Wu Z, Tao L, Fu G. Increased ATPase activity promotes heat-resistance, high-yield, and high-quality traits in rice by improving energy status. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035027. [PMID: 36600923 PMCID: PMC9806274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress during the reproductive stage results in major losses in yield and quality, which might be mainly caused by an energy imbalance. However, how energy status affected heat response, yield and quality remains unclear. No relationships were observed among the heat resistance, yield, and quality of the forty-nine early rice cultivars under normal temperature conditions. However, two cultivars, Zhuliangyou30 (ZLY30) and Luliangyou35 (LLY35), differing in heat resistance, yield, and quality were detected. The yield was higher and the chalkiness degree was lower in ZLY30 than in LLY35. Decreases in yields and increases in the chalkiness degree with temperatures were more pronounced in LLY35 than in ZLY30. The accumulation and allocation (ratio of the panicle to the whole plant) of dry matter weight and non-structural carbohydrates were higher in ZLY30 than in LLY35 across all sowing times and temperatures. The accumulation and allocation of dry matter weight and non-structural carbohydrates in panicles were higher in ZLY30 than in LLY35. Similar patterns were observed in the relative expression levels of sucrose unloading related genes SUT1 and SUT2 in grains. The ATP content was higher in the grains of LLY35 than in ZLY30, whereas the ATPase activity, which determined the energy status, was significantly lower in the former than in the latter. Thus, increased ATPase activity, which improved the energy status of rice, was the factor mediating the balance among heat-resistance, high-yield, and high-quality traits in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Singh J, Das S, Jagadis Gupta K, Ranjan A, Foyer CH, Thakur JK. Physiological implications of SWEETs in plants and their potential applications in improving source-sink relationships for enhanced yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022. [PMID: 36529911 PMCID: PMC10363763 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) family of transporters in plants is identified as a novel class of sugar carriers capable of transporting sugars, sugar alcohols and hormones. Functioning in intercellular sugar transport, SWEETs influence a wide range of physiologically important processes. SWEETs regulate the development of sink organs by providing nutritional support from source leaves, responses to abiotic stresses by maintaining intracellular sugar concentrations, and host-pathogen interactions through the modulation of apoplastic sugar levels. Many bacterial and fungal pathogens activate the expression of SWEET genes in species such as rice and Arabidopsis to gain access to the nutrients that support virulence. The genetic manipulation of SWEETs has led to the generation of bacterial blight (BB)-resistant rice varieties. Similarly, while the overexpression of the SWEETs involved in sucrose export from leaves and pathogenesis led to growth retardation and yield penalties, plants overexpressing SWEETs show improved disease resistance. Such findings demonstrate the complex functions of SWEETs in growth and stress tolerance. Here, we review the importance of SWEETs in plant-pathogen and source-sink interactions and abiotic stress resistance. We highlight the possible applications of SWEETs in crop improvement programmes aimed at improving sink and source strengths important for enhancing the sustainability of yield. We discuss how the adverse effects of the overexpression of SWEETs on plant growth may be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Peixoto B, Baena-González E. Management of plant central metabolism by SnRK1 protein kinases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7068-7082. [PMID: 35708960 PMCID: PMC9664233 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1 (SNF1)-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase with key roles in plant stress responses. SnRK1 is activated when energy levels decline during stress, reconfiguring metabolism and gene expression to favour catabolism over anabolism, and ultimately to restore energy balance and homeostasis. The capacity to efficiently redistribute resources is crucial to cope with adverse environmental conditions and, accordingly, genetic manipulations that increase SnRK1 activity are generally associated with enhanced tolerance to stress. In addition to its well-established function in stress responses, an increasing number of studies implicate SnRK1 in the homeostatic control of metabolism during the regular day-night cycle and in different organs and developmental stages. Here, we review how the genetic manipulation of SnRK1 alters central metabolism in several plant species and tissue types. We complement this with studies that provide mechanistic insight into how SnRK1 modulates metabolism, identifying changes in transcripts of metabolic components, altered enzyme activities, or direct regulation of enzymes or transcription factors by SnRK1 via phosphorylation. We identify patterns of response that centre on the maintenance of sucrose levels, in an analogous manner to the role described for its mammalian orthologue in the control of blood glucose homeostasis. Finally, we highlight several knowledge gaps and technical limitations that will have to be addressed in future research aiming to fully understand how SnRK1 modulates metabolism at the cellular and whole-plant levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Peixoto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gutierrez-Beltran E, Crespo JL. Compartmentalization, a key mechanism controlling the multitasking role of the SnRK1 complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7055-7067. [PMID: 35861169 PMCID: PMC9664234 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1), the plant ortholog of mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase/fungal (yeast) Sucrose Non-Fermenting 1 (AMPK/SNF1), plays a central role in metabolic responses to reduced energy levels in response to nutritional and environmental stresses. SnRK1 functions as a heterotrimeric complex composed of a catalytic α- and regulatory β- and βγ-subunits. SnRK1 is a multitasking protein involved in regulating various cellular functions, including growth, autophagy, stress response, stomatal development, pollen maturation, hormone signaling, and gene expression. However, little is known about the mechanism whereby SnRK1 ensures differential execution of downstream functions. Compartmentalization has been recently proposed as a new key mechanism for regulating SnRK1 signaling in response to stimuli. In this review, we discuss the multitasking role of SnRK1 signaling associated with different subcellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abraham‐Juárez MJ, Busche M, Anderson AA, Lunde C, Winders J, Christensen SA, Hunter CT, Hake S, Brunkard JO. Liguleless narrow and narrow odd dwarf act in overlapping pathways to regulate maize development and metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:881-896. [PMID: 36164819 PMCID: PMC9827925 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Narrow odd dwarf (nod) and Liguleless narrow (Lgn) are pleiotropic maize mutants that both encode plasma membrane proteins, cause similar developmental patterning defects, and constitutively induce stress signaling pathways. To investigate how these mutants coordinate maize development and physiology, we screened for protein interactors of NOD by affinity purification. LGN was identified by this screen as a strong candidate interactor, and we confirmed the NOD-LGN molecular interaction through orthogonal experiments. We further demonstrated that LGN, a receptor-like kinase, can phosphorylate NOD in vitro, hinting that they could act in intersecting signal transduction pathways. To test this hypothesis, we generated Lgn-R;nod mutants in two backgrounds (B73 and A619), and found that these mutations enhance each other, causing more severe developmental defects than either single mutation on its own, with phenotypes including very narrow leaves, increased tillering, and failure of the main shoot. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the single and double mutants in the two genetic backgrounds revealed widespread induction of pathogen defense genes and a shift in resource allocation away from primary metabolism in favor of specialized metabolism. These effects were similar in each single mutant and heightened in the double mutant, leading us to conclude that NOD and LGN act cumulatively in overlapping signaling pathways to coordinate growth-defense tradeoffs in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Jazmín Abraham‐Juárez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la BiodiversidadUnidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalGuanajuato36821Mexico
| | - Michael Busche
- Laboratory of GeneticsUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin53706USA
| | - Alyssa A. Anderson
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720USA
- Plant Gene Expression CenterUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceAlbanyCalifornia94710USA
| | - China Lunde
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720USA
| | - Jeremy Winders
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Charles T. Hunter
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research ServiceGainesvilleFlorida32608USA
| | - Sarah Hake
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720USA
- Plant Gene Expression CenterUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceAlbanyCalifornia94710USA
| | - Jacob O. Brunkard
- Laboratory of GeneticsUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin53706USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720USA
- Plant Gene Expression CenterUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceAlbanyCalifornia94710USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Characterization of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase and Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase Genes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Analysis of Their Differential Expression in Response to Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911436. [PMID: 36232739 PMCID: PMC9569751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the trehalose biosynthetic pathway plays key roles in the regulation of carbon allocation and stress adaptation. Engineering of the pathway holds great promise to increase the stress resilience of crop plants. The synthesis of trehalose proceeds by a two-step pathway in which a trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) uses UDP-glucose and glucose-6-phosphate to produce trehalose-6 phosphate (T6P) that is subsequently dephosphorylated by trehalose-6 phosphate phosphatase (TPP). While plants usually do not accumulate high amounts of trehalose, their genome encodes large families of putative trehalose biosynthesis genes, with many members lacking obvious enzymatic activity. Thus, the function of putative trehalose biosynthetic proteins in plants is only vaguely understood. To gain a deeper insight into the role of trehalose biosynthetic proteins in crops, we assessed the enzymatic activity of the TPS/TPP family from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and investigated their expression pattern in different tissues as well as in response to temperature shifts. From the 10 TPS isoforms tested, only the 2 proteins belonging to class I showed enzymatic activity, while all 5 TPP isoforms investigated were catalytically active. Most of the TPS/TPP family members showed the highest expression in mature leaves, and promoter–reporter gene studies suggest that the two class I TPS genes have largely overlapping expression patterns within the vasculature, with only subtle differences in expression in fruits and flowers. The majority of tomato TPS/TPP genes were induced by heat stress, and individual family members also responded to cold. This suggests that trehalose biosynthetic pathway genes could play an important role during temperature stress adaptation. In summary, our study represents a further step toward the exploitation of the TPS and TPP gene families for the improvement of tomato stress resistance.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kundariya H, Sanchez R, Yang X, Hafner A, Mackenzie SA. Methylome decoding of RdDM-mediated reprogramming effects in the Arabidopsis MSH1 system. Genome Biol 2022; 23:167. [PMID: 35927734 PMCID: PMC9351182 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02731-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plants undergo programmed chromatin changes in response to environment, influencing heritable phenotypic plasticity. The RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway is an essential component of this reprogramming process. The relationship of epigenomic changes to gene networks on a genome-wide basis has been elusive, particularly for intragenic DNA methylation repatterning. Results Epigenomic reprogramming is tractable to detailed study and cross-species modeling in the MSH1 system, where perturbation of the plant-specific gene MSH1 triggers at least four distinct nongenetic states to impact plant stress response and growth vigor. Within this system, we have defined RdDM target loci toward decoding phenotype-relevant methylome data. We analyze intragenic methylome repatterning associated with phenotype transitions, identifying state-specific cytosine methylation changes in pivotal growth-versus-stress, chromatin remodeling, and RNA spliceosome gene networks that encompass 871 genes. Over 77% of these genes, and 81% of their central network hubs, are functionally confirmed as RdDM targets based on analysis of mutant datasets and sRNA cluster associations. These dcl2/dcl3/dcl4-sensitive gene methylation sites, many present as singular cytosines, reside within identifiable sequence motifs. These data reflect intragenic methylation repatterning that is targeted and amenable to prediction. Conclusions A prevailing assumption that biologically relevant DNA methylation variation occurs predominantly in density-defined differentially methylated regions overlooks behavioral features of intragenic, single-site cytosine methylation variation. RdDM-dependent methylation changes within identifiable sequence motifs reveal gene hubs within networks discriminating stress response and growth vigor epigenetic phenotypes. This study uncovers components of a methylome “code” for de novo intragenic methylation repatterning during plant phenotype transitions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02731-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Kundariya
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 362 Frear N Bldg, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robersy Sanchez
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 362 Frear N Bldg, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 362 Frear N Bldg, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alenka Hafner
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 362 Frear N Bldg, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Plant Biology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sally A Mackenzie
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 362 Frear N Bldg, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Solis-Ortiz CS, Gonzalez-Bernal J, Kido-Díaz HA, Peña-Uribe CA, López-Bucio JS, López-Bucio J, Guevara-García ÁA, García-Pineda E, Villegas J, Campos-García J, Reyes de La Cruz H. Bacterial cyclodipeptides elicit Arabidopsis thaliana immune responses reducing the pathogenic effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strains on plant development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153738. [PMID: 35690030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile organisms are exposed to various biotic and abiotic factors, thus causing stress. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen for animals, insects, and plants. Direct exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to the P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain induces plant death by producing a wide variety of virulence factors, which are regulated mainly by quorum sensing systems. Besides virulence factors, P. aeruginosa PAO1 also produces cyclodipeptides (CDPs), which possess auxin-like activity and promote plant growth through activation of the target of the rapamycin (AtTOR) pathway. On the other hand, plant defense mechanisms are regulated through the production of phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which are induced in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), activating defense genes associated with SA and JA such as PATHOGENESIS-RELATED-1 (PR-1) and LIPOXYGENASE2 (LOX2), respectively. PR proteins are suggested to play critical roles in coordinating the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR). In contrast, LOX proteins (LOX2, LOX3, and LOX4) have been associated with the production of JA by producing its precursors, oxylipins. The activation of defense mechanisms involves signaling cascades such as Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) or the TOR pathway as a switch for re-directing energy towards defense or growth. In this work, we challenged A. thaliana (wild type, mpk6 or mpk3 mutants, and overexpressing TOR) seedlings with P. aeruginosa PAO1 strains to identify the role of bacterial CDPs in the plant immune response. Results showed that the pre-exposure of these Arabidopsis seedlings to CDPs significantly reduced plant infection of the pathogenic P. aeruginosa PAO1 strains, indicating that plants that over-express AtTOR or lack MPK3/MPK6 protein-kinases are more susceptible to the pathogenic effects. In addition, CDPs induced the GUS activity only in the LOX2::GUS plants, indicative of JA-signaling activation. Our findings indicate that the CDPs are molecules that trigger SA-independent and JA-dependent defense responses in A. thaliana; hence, bacterial CDPs may be considered elicitors of the Arabidopsis immune response to pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Said Solis-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Bernal
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Héctor Antonio Kido-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Cesar Artuto Peña-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Salvador López-Bucio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Ernesto García-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Javier Villegas
- Laboratorio de Interacción Suelo Planta Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Campos-García
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Homero Reyes de La Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Haq SIU, Shang J, Xie H, Qiu QS. Roles of TOR signaling in nutrient deprivation and abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 274:153716. [PMID: 35597106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In living organisms, nutrient, energy, and environmental stimuli sensing and signaling are considered as the most primordial regulatory networks governing growth and development. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a diversified Serine/Threonine protein kinase existing in all eukaryotes that regulates distinct salient growth and developmental signaling pathways. TOR signaling acts as a central hub in plants that allows a variety of nutrients, energy, hormones, and environmental stimuli to be integrated. TOR is activated by several nutrients and promotes energy-consuming processes such as cell division, protein translation, mRNA translation and ribosome biogenesis. We summarized the recent findings on the TOR function in regulating the dynamic networks of nutrients, including sugar, sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, potassium, and amino acids. TOR's role in abiotic stress was discussed, in which TOR orchestrating stress signaling, including heat, cold, salt, and osmotic stress, to regulate transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, as well as growth and development. The interconnections between TOR and SnRK1 kinase were discussed in controlling nutrient deprivation and abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Inzimam Ul Haq
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Jun Shang
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li D, Ding Y, Cheng L, Zhang X, Cheng S, Ye Y, Gao Y, Qin Y, Liu Z, Li C, Ma F, Gong X. Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulates the response to low nitrogen stress via autophagy and hormone pathways in Malus hupehensis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac143. [PMID: 36072834 PMCID: PMC9437726 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved master regulator in eukaryotes; it regulates cell proliferation and growth by integrating different signals. However, little is known about the function of TOR in perennial woody plants. Different concentrations of AZD8055 (an inhibitor of TOR) were used in this study to investigate the role of TOR in the response to low nitrogen (N) stress in the wild apple species Malus hupehensis. Low N stress inhibited the growth of M. hupehensis plants, and 1 μM AZD alleviated this effect. Plants supplied with 1 μM AZD had higher photosynthetic capacity, which promoted the accumulation of biomass, as well as higher contents of N and anthocyanins and lower content of starch. Exogenous application of 1 μM AZD also promoted the development of the root system. Plants supplied with at least 5 μM AZD displayed early leaf senescence. RNA-seq analysis indicated that TOR altered the expression of genes related to the low N stress response, such as genes involved in photosystem, starch metabolism, autophagy, and hormone metabolism. Further analysis revealed altered autophagy in plants supplied with AZD under low N stress; the metabolism of plant hormones also changed following AZD supplementation. In sum, our findings revealed that appropriate inhibition of TOR activated autophagy and jasmonic acid signaling in M. hupehensis, which allowed plants to cope with low N stress. Severe TOR inhibition resulted in the excessive accumulation of salicylic acid, which probably led to programmed cell death in M. hupehensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nguyen TH, Goossens A, Lacchini E. Jasmonate: A hormone of primary importance for plant metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102197. [PMID: 35248983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, jasmonates (JAs) have become recognized as one of the main plant hormones that regulate stress responses by activating defense programs and the production of specialized metabolites. High JA levels have been associated with reduced plant growth, supposedly as a result of the reallocation of carbon sources from primary growth to the biosynthesis of defense compounds. Recent advances suggest however that tight regulatory networks integrate several sensing pathways to steer plant metabolism, and thereby drive the trade-off between growth and defense. In this review, we discuss how JA influences primary metabolism and how it is connected to light-regulated processes, nutrient sensing and energy metabolism. Finally, we speculate that JA, in a conceptual parallelism with adrenaline for humans, overall boosts cellular processes to keep up with an increased metabolic demand during harsh times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Hieu Nguyen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Elia Lacchini
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pathak B, Maurya C, Faria MC, Alizada Z, Nandy S, Zhao S, Jamsheer K M, Srivastava V. Targeting TOR and SnRK1 Genes in Rice with CRISPR/Cas9. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111453. [PMID: 35684226 PMCID: PMC9183148 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome targeting with CRISPR/Cas9 is a popular method for introducing mutations and creating knock-out effects. However, limited information is currently available on the mutagenesis of essential genes. This study investigated the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 in targeting rice essential genes: the singleton TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (OsTOR) and the three paralogs of the Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related kinase 1 (OsSnRK1α), OsSnRK1αA, OsSnRK1αB and OsSnRK1αC. Strong activity of constitutively expressed CRISPR/Cas9 was effective in creating mutations in OsTOR and OsSnRK1α genes, but inducible CRISPR/Cas9 failed to generate detectable mutations. The rate of OsTOR mutagenesis was relatively lower and only the kinase domain of OsTOR could be targeted, while mutations in the HEAT region were unrecoverable. OsSnRK1α paralogs could be targeted at higher rates; however, sterility or early senescence was observed in >50% of the primary mutants. Additionally, OsSnRK1αB and OsSnRK1αC, which bear high sequence homologies, could be targeted simultaneously to generate double-mutants. Further, although limited types of mutations were found in the surviving mutants, the recovered lines displayed loss-of-function or knockdown tor or snrk1 phenotypes. Overall, our data show that mutations in these essential genes can be created by CRISPR/Cas9 to facilitate investigations on their roles in plant development and environmental response in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvan Pathak
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Chandan Maurya
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Maria C. Faria
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zahra Alizada
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Soumen Nandy
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Muhammed Jamsheer K
- Amity Institute of Genome Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Vibha Srivastava
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.C.F.); (S.N.); (S.Z.)
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Son S, Im JH, Song G, Park SR. SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 1 Activity Represses the Canonical Translational Machinery. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1359. [PMID: 35631784 PMCID: PMC9147276 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein biosynthesis is achieved through translation, which consumes enormous energy. Therefore, under conditions of limited energy supply, translation progress should be strictly coordinated. Sucrose non-fermenting kinase1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of cellular energy stress signaling in plants. Rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SnRK1 enhance hypoxia tolerance and induce the expression of stress-related genes. However, whether SnRK1 modulates protein synthesis in plants is unknown. In this study, using translational reporter constructs transfected in Arabidopsis protoplasts we showed that the expression of OsSnRK1A and AtSnRK1.1 decreases the abundance of canonical proteins without affecting their encoding transcript levels and protein stability. Moreover, the loading of total mRNAs and GFP mRNAs into the heavy polysome fraction which is normally translated was attenuated in transgenic Arabidopsis lines constitutively expressing OsSnRK1A or AtSnRK1.1. Taken together, these results suggest that OsSnRK1A and AtSnRK1.1 suppress protein translation to maintain energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.S.); (J.H.I.); (G.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro Seungbukgu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Im
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.S.); (J.H.I.); (G.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro Seungbukgu, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Giha Song
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.S.); (J.H.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.S.); (J.H.I.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liao CY, Wang P, Yin Y, Bassham DC. Interactions between autophagy and phytohormone signaling pathways in plants. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2198-2214. [PMID: 35460261 PMCID: PMC9543649 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved recycling process with important functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Phytohormones also play key roles in the regulation of some of the same processes. Increasing evidence indicates that a close relationship exists between autophagy and phytohormone signaling pathways, and the mechanisms of interaction between these pathways have begun to be revealed. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how autophagy regulates hormone signaling and, conversely, how hormones regulate the activity of autophagy, both in plant growth and development and in environmental stress responses. We highlight in particular recent mechanistic insights into the coordination between autophagy and signaling events controlled by the stress hormone abscisic acid and by the growth hormones brassinosteroid and cytokinin and briefly discuss potential connections between autophagy and other phytohormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Liao
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jamsheer K M, Jindal S, Sharma M, Awasthi P, S S, Sharma M, Mannully CT, Laxmi A. A negative feedback loop of TOR signaling balances growth and stress-response trade-offs in plants. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110631. [PMID: 35385724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TOR kinase is a central coordinator of nutrient-dependent growth in eukaryotes. Maintaining optimal TOR signaling is critical for the normal development of organisms. In this study, we describe a negative feedback loop of TOR signaling helping in the adaptability of plants in changing environmental conditions. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we show that the plant-specific zinc finger protein FLZ8 acts as a regulator of TOR signaling in Arabidopsis. In sugar sufficiency, TOR-dependent and -independent histone modifications upregulate the expression of FLZ8. FLZ8 negatively regulates TOR signaling by promoting antagonistic SnRK1α1 signaling and bridging the interaction of SnRK1α1 with RAPTOR1B, a crucial accessory protein of TOR. This negative feedback loop moderates the TOR-growth signaling axis in the favorable condition and helps in the activation of stress signaling in unfavorable conditions, establishing its importance in the adaptability of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Jamsheer K
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Sunita Jindal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakhar Awasthi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sreejath S
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Manvi Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chang H, Lee C, Chang C, Jan F. FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase interacts with the movement protein of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus and impacts viral replication in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:561-575. [PMID: 34984809 PMCID: PMC8916215 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Begomoviruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae are plant-infecting DNA viruses. Begomoviral movement protein (MP) has been reported to be required for virus movement, host range determination, and symptom development. In the present study, the FK506-binding protein (FKBP)-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (NbFKPPIase) of Nicotiana benthamiana was identified by a yeast two-hybrid screening system using the MP of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) oriental melon (OM) isolate (MPOM ) as bait. Transient silencing of the gene encoding NbFKPPIase increased replication of three test begomoviruses, and transient overexpression decreased viral replication, indicating that NbFKPPIase plays a role in defence against begomoviruses. However, infection of N. benthamiana by ToLCNDV-OM or overexpression of the gene encoding MPOM drastically reduced the expression of the gene encoding NbFKPPIase. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis revealed that MPOM interacted with NbFKPPIase in the periphery of cells. Expression of the gene encoding NbFKPPIase was induced by salicylic acid but not by methyl jasmonate or ethylene. Moreover, the expression of the gene encoding NbFKPPIase was down-regulated in response to 6-benzylaminopurine and up-regulated in response to gibberellin or indole-3-acetic acid, suggesting a role of NbFKPPIase in plant development. Transcriptome analysis and comparison of N. benthamiana transient silencing and overexpression of the gene encoding MPOM led to the identification of several differentially expressed genes whose functions are probably associated with cell cycle regulation. Our results indicate that begomoviruses could suppress NbFKPPIase-mediated defence and biological functions by transcriptional inhibition and physical interaction between MP and NbFKPPIase to facilitate infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho‐Hsiung Chang
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Hwa Lee
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial GenomicsNational Chung Hsing University and Academia SinicaTaichung and TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chung‐Jan Chang
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaGriffinGeorgiaUSA
| | - Fuh‐Jyh Jan
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial GenomicsNational Chung Hsing University and Academia SinicaTaichung and TaipeiTaiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|