1
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Ndathe R, Kato N. Phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase Dα1 and Dδ is incorporated into the internal membranes but not involved in the gene expression of RD29A in the abscisic acid signaling network in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1356699. [PMID: 38681216 PMCID: PMC11045897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Core protein components of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling network, pyrabactin resistance (PYR), protein phosphatases 2C (PP2C), and SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) are involved in the regulation of stomatal closure and gene expression downstream responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phosphatidic acid (PA) produced by the phospholipases Dα1 and Dδ (PLDs) in the plasma membrane has been identified as a necessary molecule in ABA-inducible stomatal closure. On the other hand, the involvement of PA in ABA-inducible gene expression has been suggested but remains a question. In this study, the involvement of PA in the ABA-inducible gene expression was examined in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the canonical RD29A ABA-inducible gene that possesses a single ABA-responsive element (ABRE) in the promoter. The promoter activity and accumulation of the RD29A mRNA during ABA exposure to the plants were analyzed under conditions in which the production of PA by PLDs is abrogated through chemical and genetic modification. Changes in the subcellular localization of PA during the signal transduction were analyzed with confocal microscopy. The results obtained in this study suggest that inhibition of PA production by the PLDs does not affect the promoter activity of RD29A. PA produced by the PLDs and exogenously added PA in the plasma membrane are effectively incorporated into internal membranes to transduce the signal. However, exogenously added PA induces stomatal closure but not RD29A expression. This is because PA produced by the PLDs most likely inhibits the activity of not all but only the selected PP2C family members, the negative regulators of the RD29A promoter. This finding underscores the necessity for experimental verifications to adapt previous knowledge into a signaling network model before its construction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naohiro Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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2
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Wang NN, Ni P, Wei YL, Hu R, Li Y, Li XB, Zheng Y. Phosphatidic acid interacts with an HD-ZIP transcription factor GhHOX4 to influence its function in fiber elongation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:423-436. [PMID: 38184843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Upland cotton, the mainly cultivated cotton species in the world, provides over 90% of natural raw materials (fibers) for the textile industry. The development of cotton fibers that are unicellular and highly elongated trichomes on seeds is a delicate and complex process. However, the regulatory mechanism of fiber development is still largely unclear in detail. In this study, we report that a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) IV transcription factor, GhHOX4, plays an important role in fiber elongation. Overexpression of GhHOX4 in cotton resulted in longer fibers, while GhHOX4-silenced transgenic cotton displayed a "shorter fiber" phenotype compared with wild type. GhHOX4 directly activates two target genes, GhEXLB1D and GhXTH2D, for promoting fiber elongation. On the other hand, phosphatidic acid (PA), which is associated with cell signaling and metabolism, interacts with GhHOX4 to hinder fiber elongation. The basic amino acids KR-R-R in START domain of GhHOX4 protein are essential for its binding to PA that could alter the nuclear localization of GhHOX4 protein, thereby suppressing the transcriptional regulation of GhHOX4 to downstream genes in the transition from fiber elongation to secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening during fiber development. Thus, our data revealed that GhHOX4 positively regulates fiber elongation, while PA may function in the phase transition from fiber elongation to SCW formation by negatively modulating GhHOX4 in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ping Ni
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ying-Li Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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3
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Feng X, Chen Q, Wu W, Wang J, Li G, Xu S, Shao S, Liu M, Zhong C, Wu CI, Shi S, He Z. Genomic evidence for rediploidization and adaptive evolution following the whole-genome triplication. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1635. [PMID: 38388712 PMCID: PMC10884412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, events are widespread and significant in the evolutionary history of angiosperms. However, empirical evidence for rediploidization, the major process where polyploids give rise to diploid descendants, is still lacking at the genomic level. Here we present chromosome-scale genomes of the mangrove tree Sonneratia alba and the related inland plant Lagerstroemia speciosa. Their common ancestor has experienced a whole-genome triplication (WGT) approximately 64 million years ago coinciding with a period of dramatic global climate change. Sonneratia, adapting mangrove habitats, experienced extensive chromosome rearrangements post-WGT. We observe the WGT retentions display sequence and expression divergence, suggesting potential neo- and sub-functionalization. Strong selection acting on three-copy retentions indicates adaptive value in response to new environments. To elucidate the role of ploidy changes in genome evolution, we improve a model of the polyploidization-rediploidization process based on genomic evidence, contributing to the understanding of adaptive evolution during climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qipian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiexin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), 571100, Haikou, China
| | - Chung-I Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ziwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Lin J, Zhao J, Du L, Wang P, Sun B, Zhang C, Shi Y, Li H, Sun H. Activation of MAPK-mediated immunity by phosphatidic acid in response to positive-strand RNA viruses. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100659. [PMID: 37434356 PMCID: PMC10811337 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a crucial role in plant defense against viruses. However, the mechanisms that underlie the activation of MAPK cascades in response to viral infection remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that phosphatidic acid (PA) represents a major class of lipids that respond to Potato virus Y (PVY) at an early stage of infection. We identified NbPLDα1 (Nicotiana benthamiana phospholipase Dα1) as the key enzyme responsible for increased PA levels during PVY infection and found that it plays an antiviral role. 6K2 of PVY interacts with NbPLDα1, leading to elevated PA levels. In addition, NbPLDα1 and PA are recruited by 6K2 to membrane-bound viral replication complexes. On the other hand, 6K2 also induces activation of the MAPK pathway, dependent on its interaction with NbPLDα1 and the derived PA. PA binds to WIPK/SIPK/NTF4, prompting their phosphorylation of WRKY8. Notably, spraying with exogenous PA is sufficient to activate the MAPK pathway. Knockdown of the MEK2-WIPK/SIPK-WRKY8 cascade resulted in enhanced accumulation of PVY genomic RNA. 6K2 of Turnip mosaic virus and p33 of Tomato bushy stunt virus also interacted with NbPLDα1 and induced the activation of MAPK-mediated immunity. Loss of function of NbPLDα1 inhibited virus-induced activation of MAPK cascades and promoted viral RNA accumulation. Thus, activation of MAPK-mediated immunity by NbPLDα1-derived PA is a common strategy employed by hosts to counteract positive-strand RNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lin
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Linlin Du
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Pengkun Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yan Shi
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Honglian Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Hangjun Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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5
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Yao S, Kim SC, Li J, Tang S, Wang X. Phosphatidic acid signaling and function in nuclei. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101267. [PMID: 38154743 PMCID: PMC10843600 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipidomes are dynamic and their changes generate lipid mediators affecting various biological processes. Phosphatidic acid (PA) has emerged as an important class of lipid mediators involved in a wide range of cellular and physiological responses in plants, animals, and microbes. The regulatory functions of PA have been studied primarily outside the nuclei, but an increasing number of recent studies indicates that some of the PA effects result from its action in nuclei. PA levels in nuclei are dynamic in response to stimuli. Changes in nuclear PA levels can result from activities of enzymes associated with nuclei and/or from movements of PA generated extranuclearly. PA has also been found to interact with proteins involved in nuclear functions, such as transcription factors and proteins undergoing nuclear translocation in response to stimuli. The nuclear action of PA affects various aspects of plant growth, development, and response to stress and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Yao
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Sang-Chul Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Jianwu Li
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
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6
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Sharma P, Lakra N, Goyal A, Ahlawat YK, Zaid A, Siddique KHM. Drought and heat stress mediated activation of lipid signaling in plants: a critical review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1216835. [PMID: 37636093 PMCID: PMC10450635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1216835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are a principal component of plasma membrane, acting as a protective barrier between the cell and its surroundings. Abiotic stresses such as drought and temperature induce various lipid-dependent signaling responses, and the membrane lipids respond differently to environmental challenges. Recent studies have revealed that lipids serve as signal mediators forreducing stress responses in plant cells and activating defense systems. Signaling lipids, such as phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, and N-acylethanolamines, are generated in response to stress. Membrane lipids are essential for maintaining the lamellar stack of chloroplasts and stabilizing chloroplast membranes under stress. However, the effects of lipid signaling targets in plants are not fully understood. This review focuses on the synthesis of various signaling lipids and their roles in abiotic stress tolerance responses, providing an essential perspective for further investigation into the interactions between plant lipids and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sharma
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Alisha Goyal
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Yogesh K. Ahlawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Department of Botany, Government Gandhi Memorial (GGM) Science College, Cluster University Jammu, Jammu, India
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7
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Li T, Xiao X, Liu Q, Li W, Li L, Zhang W, Munnik T, Wang X, Zhang Q. Dynamic responses of PA to environmental stimuli imaged by a genetically encoded mobilizable fluorescent sensor. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100500. [PMID: 36447433 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fluidity, permeability, and surface charges are controlled by phospholipid metabolism and transport. Despite the importance of phosphatidic acid (PA) as a bioactive molecule, the mechanical properties of PA translocation and subcellular accumulation are unknown. Here, we used a mobilizable, highly responsive genetically encoded fluorescent indicator, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-N160RbohD, to monitor PA dynamics in living cells. The majority of GFP-N160RbohD accumulated at the plasma membrane and sensitively responded to changes in PA levels. Cellular, pharmacological, and genetic analyses illustrated that both salinity and abscisic acid rapidly enhanced GFP-N160RbohD fluorescence at the plasma membrane, which mainly depended on hydrolysis of phospholipase D. By contrast, heat stress induced nuclear translocation of PA indicated by GFP-N160RbohD through a process that required diacylglycerol kinase activity, as well as secretory and endocytic trafficking. Strikingly, we showed that gravity triggers asymmetric PA distribution at the root apex, a response that is suppressed by PLDζ2 knockout. The broad utility of the PA sensor will expand our mechanistic understanding of numerous lipid-associated physiological and cell biological processes and facilitate screening for protein candidates that affect the synthesis, transport, and metabolism of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingkai Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Teun Munnik
- Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Ma X, Gu Y, Liang C. Adaptation of protein phosphatases in Oryza sativa and Cucumis sativus to microcystins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7018-7029. [PMID: 36018413 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) in irrigation water could inhibit crop growth and yield. Protein phosphatases (PPs) play an important role in regulating physiological mechanisms in plants to adapt abiotic stresses. To clarify the adaptation mechanism in plants to MCs stress, we compared PPs in rice and cucumber leaves by analyzing PPs total activity, protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) activity and expression, as well as related growth and gas exchange parameters. After 7-day exposure of MCs (5 ~ 100 µg/L) and 7-day recovery without MCs, rice showed higher tolerance to MCs by analyzing dry weight and gas exchange parameters. Both crops may regulate PPs activity to adapt MCs stress by increasing the expression of genes encoding PPs. Among them, PP2A activity in two crops showed more sensitivity to MCs than total PPs activity. In addition, the higher expressions of PP2A catalytic and regulatory subunits and lower decrease PP2A activity were observed in rice leaves compared to cucumber. All results suggest that the expression levels of PP2A subunits could play a role in maintaining the activity of PP2A to regulating plant tolerance to MCs stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanfang Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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9
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Guan B, Jiang YT, Lin DL, Lin WH, Xue HW. Phosphatidic acid suppresses autophagy through competitive inhibition by binding GAPC (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) proteins. Autophagy 2022; 18:2656-2670. [PMID: 35289711 PMCID: PMC9629070 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2046449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a finely-regulated process in which cytoplasm encapsulated within transient organelles termed autophagosomes is delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. Phospholipids, particularly phosphatidic acid (PA) that functions as a second messenger, play crucial and differential roles in autophagosome formation; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that PA inhibits autophagy through competitive inhibition of the formation of ATG3 (autophagy-related)-ATG8e and ATG6-VPS34 (vacuolar protein sorting 34) complexes. PA bound to GAPC (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) or PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) and promoted their interaction with ATG3 or ATG6, which further attenuated the interactions of ATG3-ATG8e or ATG6-VPS34, respectively. Structural and mutational analyses revealed the mechanism of PA binding with GAPCs and PGK3, and that GAPCs or ATG8e competitively interacted with ATG3, and PGK3 or VPS34 competitively interacted with ATG6, at the same binding interface. These results elucidate the molecular mechanism of how PA inhibits autophagy through binding GAPC or PGK3 proteins and expand the understanding of the functional mode of PA, demonstrating the importance of phospholipids in plant autophagy and providing a new perspective for autophagy regulation by phospholipids.Abbreviation: ATG: autophagy-related; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; Con A: concanamycin A; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EZ: elongation zone; FRET-FLIM: fluorescence resonance energy transfer with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; MZ: meristem zone; PA: phosphatidic acid; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PGK3: phosphoglycerate kinase; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PLD: phospholipase D; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TOR: target of rapamycin; VPS34: vacuolar protein sorting 34; WT: wild type; Y2H: yeast two-hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang, China,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Xuhui, China
| | - Yu-Tong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang, China
| | - De-Li Lin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang, China,CONTACT Hong-Wei Xue Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, ofAgriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang, China,Wen-Hui Lin School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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10
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He QY, Jin JF, Lou HQ, Dang FF, Xu JM, Zheng SJ, Yang JL. Abscisic acid-dependent PMT1 expression regulates salt tolerance by alleviating abscisic acid-mediated reactive oxygen species production in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1803-1820. [PMID: 35789105 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphocholine (PCho) is an intermediate metabolite of nonplastid plant membranes that is essential for salt tolerance. However, how PCho metabolism modulates response to salt stress remains unknown. Here, we characterize the role of phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1 (PMT1) in salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana using a T-DNA insertional mutant, gene-editing alleles, and complemented lines. The pmt1 mutants showed a severe inhibition of root elongation when exposed to salt stress, but exogenous ChoCl or lecithin rescued this defect. pmt1 also displayed altered glycerolipid metabolism under salt stress, suggesting that glycerolipids contribute to salt tolerance. Moreover, pmt1 mutants exhibited altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and distribution, reduced cell division activity, and disturbed auxin distribution in the primary root compared with wild-type seedlings. We show that PMT1 expression is induced by salt stress and relies on the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, as this induction was abolished in the aba2-1 and pyl112458 mutants. However, ABA aggravated the salt sensitivity of the pmt1 mutants by perturbing ROS distribution in the root tip. Taken together, we propose that PMT1 is an important phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase participating in root development of primary root elongation under salt stress conditions by balancing ROS production and distribution through ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Feng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - He Qiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Feng Feng Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ji Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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11
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Rzemieniewski J, Stegmann M. Regulation of pattern-triggered immunity and growth by phytocytokines. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102230. [PMID: 35588597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous signalling peptides play diverse roles during plant growth, development and stress responses. Research in recent years has unravelled peptides with previously known growth-regulatory function as immune-modulatory agents that fine-tune pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Moreover, peptides that are long known as endogenous danger signals were recently implicated in growth and development. In analogy to metazoan systems these peptides are referred to as phytocytokines. In this review we will highlight recent progress made on our understanding of phytocytokines simultaneously regulating growth and PTI which shows the complex interplay of peptide signalling pathways regulating multiple aspects of a plant's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rzemieniewski
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Stegmann
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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12
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Cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase—Mediated phosphatidic acid metabolism is crucial for early embryonic development of Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010320. [PMID: 35877676 PMCID: PMC9352201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development is a key developmental event in plant sexual reproduction; however, regulatory networks of plant early embryonic development, particularly the effects and functional mechanisms of phospholipid molecules are still unknown due to the limitation of sample collection and analysis. We innovatively applied the microspore-derived in vitro embryogenesis of Brassica napus and revealed the dynamics of phospholipid molecules, especially phosphatidic acid (PA, an important second messenger that plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress responses), at different embryonic developmental stages by using a lipidomics approach. Further analysis of Arabidopsis mutants deficiency of CDS1 and CDS2 (cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase, key protein in PA metabolism) revealed the delayed embryonic development from the proembryo stage, indicating the crucial effect of CDS and PA metabolism in early embryonic development. Decreased auxin level and disturbed polar localization of auxin efflux carrier PIN1 implicate that CDS-mediated PA metabolism may regulate early embryogenesis through modulating auxin transport and distribution. These results demonstrate the dynamics and importance of phospholipid molecules during embryo development, and provide informative clues to elucidate the regulatory network of embryogenesis. As an important stage of plant life cycle, embryogenesis initiates with fertilization and terminates with embryo maturation, and plays important roles for seed development. In Arabidopsis, embryogenesis can be divided into three general phases during which distinct developmental and physiological events occur: proembryo stage that starts with asymmetric division of zygote, the transition from globular to heart stage, and late embryogenesis which is marked by organ expansion and maturation. Genetics studies have identified the genes and network that play important regulatory roles in embryogenesis, however, effects and functional mechanisms of phospholipids molecules, the major building blocks of cell membranes and signal transduction cascades in mammals and plants, in embryogenesis remain unknown. To overcome the limitation of sample collection, we innovatively applied the microspore-derived in vitro embryogenesis of Brassica napus and revealed the dynamics of phospholipid molecules, especially phosphatidic acid (PA) at different embryonic developmental stages by using a lipidomics approach. Further genetics analysis revealed the crucial effect of CDS (cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase, key protein in PA metabolism)—mediated PA metabolism in early embryonic development through modulating auxin transport and distribution, demonstrating the dynamics and importance of phospholipid molecules during embryo development.
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13
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Abstract
From embryogenesis to fruit formation, almost every aspect of plant development and differentiation is controlled by the cellular accumulation or depletion of auxin from cells and tissues. The respective auxin maxima and minima are generated by cell-to-cell auxin transport via transporter proteins. Differential auxin accumulation as a result of such transport processes dynamically regulates auxin distribution during differentiation. In this review, we introduce all auxin transporter (families) identified to date and discuss the knowledge on prominent family members, namely, the PIN-FORMED exporters, ATP-binding cassette B (ABCB)-type transporters, and AUX1/LAX importers. We then concentrate on the biochemical features of these transporters and their regulation by posttranslational modifications and interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Z Hammes
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture
- Agriculture Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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14
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Pacheco R, Quinto C. Phospholipase Ds in plants: Their role in pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 173:76-86. [PMID: 35101797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) are a heterogeneous group of enzymes that are widely distributed in organisms. These enzymes hydrolyze the structural phospholipids of the plasma membrane, releasing phosphatidic acid (PA), an important secondary messenger. Plant PLDs play essential roles in several biological processes, including growth and development, abiotic stress responses, and plant-microbe interactions. Although the roles of PLDs in plant-pathogen interactions have been extensively studied, their roles in symbiotic relationships are not well understood. The establishment of the best-studied symbiotic interactions, those between legumes and rhizobia and between most plants and mycorrhizae, requires the regulation of several physiological, cellular, and molecular processes. The roles of PLDs in hormonal signaling, lipid metabolism, and cytoskeletal dynamics during rhizobial symbiosis were recently explored. However, to date, the roles of PLDs in mycorrhizal symbiosis have not been reported. Here, we present a critical review of the participation of PLDs in the interactions of plants with pathogens, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We describe how PLDs regulate rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis by modulating reactive oxygen species levels, hormonal signaling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and G-protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronal Pacheco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Carmen Quinto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico.
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15
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Shimamura R, Ohashi Y, Taniguchi YY, Kato M, Tsuge T, Aoyama T. Arabidopsis PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 localize to post-Golgi membrane compartments in a partially overlapping manner. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:31-49. [PMID: 34601701 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 localize to the trans-Golgi network and to compartments including the trans-Golgi network, multi-vesicular bodies, and the tonoplast, respectively, depending on their N-terminal regions containing PX-PH domains. Phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in dynamic cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal reorganization, and signal transduction for gene expression, through the production of phosphatidic acid in membrane compartments specific to each process. Although PLD plays crucial roles in various plant phenomena, the underlying processes involving PLD for each phenomenon remain largely elusive, partly because the subcellular localization of PLD remains obscure. In this study, we performed comparative subcellular localization analyses of the Arabidopsis thaliana PX-PH-PLDs PLDζ1 and PLDζ2. In mature lateral root cap cells, own promoter-driven fluorescence protein fusions of PLDζ1 localized to the entire trans-Golgi network (TGN) while that of PLDζ2 localized to punctate structures including part of the TGN and multi-vesicular bodies as well as the tonoplast. These localization patterns were reproduced using N-terminal partial proteins, which contain PX-PH domains. An inducibly overexpressed fluorescence protein fusion of the PLDζ2 partial protein first localized to punctate structures, and then accumulated predominantly on the tonoplast. Further domain dissection analysis revealed that the N-terminal moiety preceding the PX-PH domain of PLDζ2 was required for the tonoplast-predominant accumulation. These findings suggest that PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 play partially overlapping but nonetheless distinctive roles in post-Golgi compartments along the membrane trafficking pathway from the TGN to the tonoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shimamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yohei Ohashi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Mariko Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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16
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Kruse CPS, Wyatt SE. Nitric oxide, gravity response, and a unified schematic of plant signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 314:111105. [PMID: 34895542 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant signaling components are often involved in numerous processes. Calcium, reactive oxygen species, and other signaling molecules are essential to normal biotic and abiotic responses. Yet, the summation of these components is integrated to produce a specific response despite their involvement in a myriad of response cascades. In the response to gravity, the role of many of these individual components has been studied, but a specific sequence of signals has not yet been assembled into a cohesive schematic of gravity response signaling. Herein, we provide a review of existing knowledge of gravity response and differential protein and gene regulation induced by the absence of gravity stimulus aboard the International Space Station and propose an integrated theoretical schematic of gravity response incorporating that information. Recent developments in the role of nitric oxide in gravity signaling provided some of the final contextual pillars for the assembly of the model, where nitric oxide and the role of cysteine S-nitrosation may be central to the gravity response. The proposed schematic accounts for the known responses to reorientation with respect to gravity in roots-the most well studied gravitropic plant tissue-and is supported by the extensive evolutionary conservation of regulatory amino acids within protein components of the signaling schematic. The identification of a role of nitric oxide in regulating the TIR1 auxin receptor is indicative of the broader relevance of the schematic in studying a multitude of environmental and stress responses. Finally, there are several experimental approaches that are highlighted as essential to the further study and validation of this schematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P S Kruse
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States(1)
| | - Sarah E Wyatt
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States.
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17
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Cao H, Gong R, Yuan S, Su Y, Lv W, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Deng X, Tong P, Liang S, Wang X, Hong Y. Phospholipase Dα6 and phosphatidic acid regulate gibberellin signaling in rice. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51871. [PMID: 34396669 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane lipids to produce phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipid mediator involved in various cellular and physiological processes. Here, we show that PLDα6 and PA regulate the distribution of GIBBERELLIN (GA)-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1), a soluble gibberellin receptor in rice. PLDα6-knockout (KO) plants display less sensitivity to GA than WT, and PA restores the mutant to a normal GA response. PA binds to GID1, as documented by liposome binding, fat immunoblotting, and surface plasmon resonance. Arginines 79 and 82 of GID1 are two key amino acid residues required for PA binding and also for GID1's nuclear localization. The loss of PLDα6 impedes GA-induced nuclear localization of GID1. In addition, PLDα6-KO plants attenuated GA-induced degradation of the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1). These data suggest that PLDα6 and PA positively mediate GA signaling in rice via PA binding to GID1 and promotion of its nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Gong
- The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weixin Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjun Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Tong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihu Liang
- The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Máthé C, M-Hamvas M, Freytag C, Garda T. The Protein Phosphatase PP2A Plays Multiple Roles in Plant Development by Regulation of Vesicle Traffic-Facts and Questions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:975. [PMID: 33478110 PMCID: PMC7835740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase PP2A is essential for the control of integrated eukaryotic cell functioning. Several cellular and developmental events, e.g., plant growth regulator (PGR) mediated signaling pathways are regulated by reversible phosphorylation of vesicle traffic proteins. Reviewing present knowledge on the relevant role of PP2A is timely. We discuss three aspects: (1) PP2A regulates microtubule-mediated vesicle delivery during cell plate assembly. PP2A dephosphorylates members of the microtubule associated protein family MAP65, promoting their binding to microtubules. Regulation of phosphatase activity leads to changes in microtubule organization, which affects vesicle traffic towards cell plate and vesicle fusion to build the new cell wall between dividing cells. (2) PP2A-mediated inhibition of target of rapamycin complex (TORC) dependent signaling pathways contributes to autophagy and this has possible connections to the brassinosteroid signaling pathway. (3) Transcytosis of vesicles transporting PIN auxin efflux carriers. PP2A regulates vesicle localization and recycling of PINs related to GNOM (a GTP-GDP exchange factor) mediated pathways. The proper intracellular traffic of PINs is essential for auxin distribution in the plant body, thus in whole plant development. Overall, PP2A has essential roles in membrane interactions of plant cell and it is crucial for plant development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Máthé
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.-H.); (C.F.); (T.G.)
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19
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Tan S, Luschnig C, Friml J. Pho-view of Auxin: Reversible Protein Phosphorylation in Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport and Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:151-165. [PMID: 33186755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin plays a central role in shaping plant growth and development. With decades of genetic and biochemical studies, numerous core molecular components and their networks, underlying auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling, have been identified. Notably, protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by kinases and oppositely hydrolyzed by phosphatases, has been emerging to be a crucial type of post-translational modification, regulating physiological and developmental auxin output at all levels. In this review, we comprehensively discuss earlier and recent advances in our understanding of genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology of the kinases and phosphatases participating in auxin action. We provide insights into the mechanisms by which reversible protein phosphorylation defines developmental auxin responses, discuss current challenges, and provide our perspectives on future directions involving the integration of the control of protein phosphorylation into the molecular auxin network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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20
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Song P, Jia Q, Chen L, Jin X, Xiao X, Li L, Chen H, Qu Y, Su Y, Zhang W, Zhang Q. Involvement of Arabidopsis phospholipase D δ in regulation of ROS-mediated microtubule organization and stomatal movement upon heat shock. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6555-6570. [PMID: 32725150 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are plant metabolic and signaling molecules involved in responses to various external stresses, but the existence of ROS receptors and how plants respond to ROS remain largely unknown. Here we report that the plasma membrane-localized phospholipase D δ (PLDδ) protein is crucial for sensing heat shock-induced ROS to initiate reorganization of guard cell microtubules in Arabidopsis cotyledons. Heat shock of wild-type Arabidopsis cotyledons stimulated ROS production which disrupted microtubule organization and induced stomatal closure, whereas this process was markedly impaired in pldδ mutants. Moreover, wild-type PLDδ, but not the Arg622-mutated PLDδ, complemented the pldδ phenotypes in heat shock-treated plants. ROS activated PLDδ by oxidizing cysteine residues, an action that was required for its functions in ROS-induced depolymerization of guard cell microtubules, stomatal closure, and plant thermotolerance. Additionally, lipid profiling reveals involvement of microtubule organization in the feedback regulation of glycerolipid metabolism upon heat stress. Together, our findings highlight a potential mechanosensory role for PLDδ in regulating the dynamic organization of microtubules and stomatal movement, as part of the ROS-sensing pathway, during the response to external stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianru Jia
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingkai Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yana Qu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinghua Su
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Regulation of ABA-Non-Activated SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 Signaling Pathways by Phosphatidic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144984. [PMID: 32679718 PMCID: PMC7404309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as responses to various environmental stimuli. Several PA targets in plant cells were identified, including two SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s), SnRK2.10 and SnRK2.4, which are not activated by abscisic acid (ABA). Here, we investigated the effects of PA on various elements of ABA-non-activated SnRK2 signaling. PA 16:0/18:1 was found to modulate the SnRK2 structure and the phosphorylation of some SnRK2 targets. Conversely, phosphorylation by the ABA-non-activated SnRK2s, of one of such targets, dehydrin Early Responsive to Dehydration 14 (ERD14), affects its interaction with PA and subcellular localization. Moreover, PA 16:0/18:1 modulates the activity and/or localization of negative regulators of the ABA-non-activated SnRK2s, not only of the ABA insensitive 1 (ABI1) phosphatase, which was identified earlier, but also of another protein phosphatase 2C, PP2CA. The activity of both phosphatases was inhibited by about 50% in the presence of 50 μM PA. PA 16:0/18:1 also impacts the phosphorylation and subcellular localization of SnRK2-interacting calcium sensor, known to inhibit SnRK2 activity in a calcium-dependent manner. Thus, PA was found to regulate ABA-non-activated SnRK2 signaling at several levels: the activity, phosphorylation status and/or localization of SnRK2 cellular partners.
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22
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Maurya R, Srivastava D, Singh M, Sawant SV. Envisioning the immune interactome in Arabidopsis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:486-507. [PMID: 32345431 DOI: 10.1071/fp19188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During plant-pathogen interaction, immune targets were regulated by protein-protein interaction events such as ligand-receptor/co-receptor, kinase-substrate, protein sequestration, activation or repression via post-translational modification and homo/oligo/hetro-dimerisation of proteins. A judicious use of molecular machinery requires coordinated protein interaction among defence components. Immune signalling in Arabidopsis can be broadly represented in successive or simultaneous steps; pathogen recognition at cell surface, Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species signalling, MAPK signalling, post-translational modification, transcriptional regulation and phyto-hormone signalling. Proteome wide interaction studies have shown the existence of interaction hubs associated with physiological function. So far, a number of protein interaction events regulating immune targets have been identified, but their understanding in an interactome view is lacking. We focussed specifically on the integration of protein interaction signalling in context to plant-pathogenesis and identified the key targets. The present review focuses towards a comprehensive view of the plant immune interactome including signal perception, progression, integration and physiological response during plant pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Maurya
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow. 226001; and Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow. 226007
| | - Deepti Srivastava
- Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (IIAST) Integral University, Kursi Road, Dashauli, Uttar Pradesh. 226026
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow. 226007
| | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow. 226001; and Corresponding author.
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23
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Tan S, Zhang X, Kong W, Yang XL, Molnár G, Vondráková Z, Filepová R, Petrášek J, Friml J, Xue HW. The lipid code-dependent phosphoswitch PDK1-D6PK activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:556-569. [PMID: 32393881 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Directional intercellular transport of the phytohormone auxin mediated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers has essential roles in both coordinating patterning processes and integrating multiple external cues by rapidly redirecting auxin fluxes. PIN activity is therefore regulated by multiple internal and external cues, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that 3'-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE1 (PDK1), which is conserved in plants and mammals, functions as a molecular hub that perceives upstream lipid signalling and modulates downstream substrate activity through phosphorylation. Using genetic analysis, we show that the loss-of-function Arabidopsis pdk1.1 pdk1.2 mutant exhibits a plethora of abnormalities in organogenesis and growth due to defective polar auxin transport. Further cellular and biochemical analyses reveal that PDK1 phosphorylates D6 protein kinase, a well-known upstream activator of PIN proteins. We uncover a lipid-dependent phosphorylation cascade that connects membrane-composition-based cellular signalling with plant growth and patterning by regulating morphogenetic auxin fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Wei Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gergely Molnár
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzana Vondráková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Lin D, Yao H, Jia L, Tan J, Xu Z, Zheng W, Xue H. Phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid promotes root hair development under phosphorus deficiency by suppressing vacuolar degradation of PIN-FORMED2. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:142-155. [PMID: 31745997 PMCID: PMC7065129 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Root hair development is crucial for phosphate absorption, but how phosphorus deficiency affects root hair initiation and elongation remains unclear. We demonstrated the roles of auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) and phospholipase D (PLD)-derived phosphatidic acid (PA), a key signaling molecule, in promoting root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana under a low phosphate (LP) condition. Root hair elongation under LP conditions was greatly suppressed in pin2 mutant or under treatment with a PLDζ2-specific inhibitor, revealing that PIN2 and polar auxin transport and PLDζ2-PA are crucial in LP responses. PIN2 was accumulated and degraded in the vacuole under a normal phosphate (NP) condition, whereas its vacuolar accumulation was suppressed under the LP or NP plus PA conditions. Vacuolar accumulation of PIN2 was increased in pldζ2 mutants under LP conditions. Increased or decreased PIN2 vacuolar accumulation is not observed in sorting nexin1 (snx1) mutant, indicating that vacuolar accumulation of PIN2 is mediated by SNX1 and the relevant trafficking process. PA binds to SNX1 and promotes its accumulation at the plasma membrane, especially under LP conditions, and hence promotes root hair development by suppressing the vacuolar degradation of PIN2. We uncovered a link between PLD-derived PA and SNX1-dependent vacuolar degradation of PIN2 in regulating root hair development under phosphorus deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- De‐Li Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceCollege of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural University450002ZhengzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Yan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese academy of Sciences200032ShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Hua Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceCollege of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural University450002ZhengzhouChina
| | - Jin‐Fang Tan
- College of Resource and EnvironmentHenan Agricultural University450002ZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Hong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese academy of Sciences200032ShanghaiChina
| | - Wen‐Ming Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceCollege of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural University450002ZhengzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese academy of Sciences200032ShanghaiChina
- Joint Center for Single Cell BiologySchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University200240ShanghaiChina
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25
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Korver RA, van den Berg T, Meyer AJ, Galvan‐Ampudia CS, ten Tusscher KH, Testerink C. Halotropism requires phospholipase Dζ1-mediated modulation of cellular polarity of auxin transport carriers. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:143-158. [PMID: 31430837 PMCID: PMC6972530 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis and relocalization of auxin carriers represent important mechanisms for adaptive plant growth and developmental responses. Both root gravitropism and halotropism have been shown to be dependent on relocalization of auxin transporters. Following their homology to mammalian phospholipase Ds (PLDs), plant PLDζ-type enzymes are likely candidates to regulate auxin carrier endocytosis. We investigated root tropic responses for an Arabidopsis pldζ1-KO mutant and its effect on the dynamics of two auxin transporters during salt stress, that is, PIN2 and AUX1. We found altered root growth and halotropic and gravitropic responses in the absence of PLDζ1 and report a role for PLDζ1 in the polar localization of PIN2. Additionally, irrespective of the genetic background, salt stress induced changes in AUX1 polarity. Utilizing our previous computational model, we found that these novel salt-induced AUX1 changes contribute to halotropic auxin asymmetry. We also report the formation of "osmotic stress-induced membrane structures." These large membrane structures are formed at the plasma membrane shortly after NaCl or sorbitol treatment and have a prolonged presence in a pldζ1 mutant. Taken together, these results show a crucial role for PLDζ1 in both ionic and osmotic stress-induced auxin carrier dynamics during salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud A. Korver
- Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Thea van den Berg
- Theoretical Biology, Department of BiologyUtrecht University3584CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - A. Jessica Meyer
- Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Carlos S. Galvan‐Ampudia
- Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Christa Testerink
- Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenThe Netherlands
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Shen L, Zhuang B, Wu Q, Zhang H, Nie J, Jing W, Yang L, Zhang W. Phosphatidic acid promotes the activation and plasma membrane localization of MKK7 and MKK9 in response to salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110190. [PMID: 31481213 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a lipid secondary messenger involved in intracellular signaling in eukaryotes. It has been confirmed that PA mediates salt stress signaling by promoting activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 6 (MPK6) which phosphorylates Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1. However, the MPK6-upstream kinases and their relationship to PA remain unclear. Here, we found that, among the six tested Arabidopsis Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinases (MKKs), PA specifically bound to MKK7 and MKK9 which phosphorylate MPK6, and promoted the activation of MKK7/MKK9. Based on phenotypic and physiological analyses, we found that MKK7 and MKK9 positively regulate Arabidopsis salt tolerance and are functionally redundant. NaCl treatment can induce significant increase in MKK7/MKK9 activities, and this depends, in part, on the Phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1). MKK7 and MKK9 also mediate the NaCl-induced activation of MPK6. Furthermore, PA or NaCl treatment could induce translocation of MKK7/MKK9 to the plasma membrane, whereas this translocation disappeared in pldα1. These results indicate that PA binds to MKK7 and MKK9, increases their kinase activity and plasma membrane localization during Arabidopsis response to salt stress. Together with the PA-MPK6-SOS1 pathway identified previously, this mechanism may maximize the signal transduction efficiency, providing novel insights into the link between lipid signaling and MAPK cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocheng Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Zou Y, Zhang X, Tan Y, Huang JB, Zheng Z, Tao LZ. Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1 contributes to maintenance of root apical meristem by affecting ROS and auxin-regulated cell differentiation in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:258-273. [PMID: 31246280 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The continuous growth of roots requires the balance between cell division and differentiation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and auxin are important regulators of root development by affecting cell division and differentiation. The mechanism controlling the coordination of cell division and differentiation is not well understood. Using a forward genetic screen, we isolated a mutant, defective primary root 2 (dpr2), defective in root apical meristem (RAM) maintenance. The DPR2 gene encodes phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1 (PEAMT1) that catalyzes phosphocholine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. We characterized the primary root phenotypes of dpr2 using various marker lines, using histochemical and pharmacological analysis to probe early root development. Loss-of-function of DPR2/PEAMT1 resulted in RAM consumption by affecting root stem cell niche, division zone, elongation and differentiation zone (EDZ). PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein abundance, PIN2 polar distribution and general endocytosis were impaired in the root tip of dpr2. Excess hydrogen peroxide and auxin accumulate in the EDZ of dpr2, leading to RAM consumption by accelerating cell differentiation. Suppression of ROS over-accumulation or inhibition of auxin signalling partially prevent RAM differentiation in dpr2 after choline starvation. Taken together, we conclude that the EDZ of the root tip is most sensitive to choline shortage, leading to RAM consumption through an ROS-auxin regulation module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunyi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Bao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiqiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Zhen Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Premkumar A, Lindberg S, Lager I, Rasmussen U, Schulz A. Arabidopsis PLDs with C2-domain function distinctively in hypoxia. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:90-110. [PMID: 30417386 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) causes metabolic disturbances at physiological, biochemical and genetic levels and results in decreased plant growth and development. Phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated signaling was reported for abiotic and biotic stress signaling events in plants. To investigate the participatory role of PLDs also in hypoxia signaling, we used wild type of Arabidopsis thaliana and 10 pld isoform mutants containing C2-domain. Hypoxia-induced changes in three major signaling players, namely, cytosolic free calcium (Ca2+ cyt ), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphatidic acid (PA), were determined in mesophyll protoplasts. The Ca2+ cyt and ROS levels were monitored by fluorescence microscopy and confocal imaging, while PA levels were quantified by an enzymatic method. Our findings reveal that the elevations of cytosolic calcium and PA are reduced in all the 10 mutants dysfunctional in PLD isoforms. The hypoxia-related changes in both calcium and ROS show different kinetic patterns depending on the type of PLD studied. Pharmacological experiments confirm that both external and internal sources contribute to calcium and ROS accumulation under hypoxia. PLDα1-3, PLDβ1 and PLDγ1-3 are likely involved in calcium signaling under hypoxia as well as in PA production, while all investigated PLDs, except for PLDγ3, take part in ROS elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Premkumar
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ulla Rasmussen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Center for Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Fredriksberg, Denmark
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Derevyanchuk M, Kretynin S, Kolesnikov Y, Litvinovskaya R, Martinec J, Khripach V, Kravets V. Seed germination, respiratory processes and phosphatidic acid accumulation in Arabidopsis diacylglycerol kinase knockouts - The effect of brassinosteroid, brassinazole and salinity. Steroids 2019; 147:28-36. [PMID: 30981682 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using Arabidopsis thaliana wild type (WT) plants and diacylglycerol kinase knockouts (single mutants - dgk3, dgk1, dgk6; double mutants - dgk3dgk7, dgk5dgk6, dgk1dgk2) we observed that the inhibitor of brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, brassinazole (BRZ), drastically decreased germination of dgk mutants under salt stress, while BRZ co-administration with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) partially improved germination rates. We also observed a statistically significant decrease in alternative and cytochrome respiratory pathways in response to BRZ treatment under salinity conditions. We showed that production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) is impaired in dgk mutants in response to EBL treatment and inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) - R59022. This study demonstrates that dgk mutants possess lower germination rates, lower total respiration rates, an alternative respiratory pathway and PA content under optimal and high salinity conditions in response to EBL treatment comparing to WT plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Derevyanchuk
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Kretynin
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Kolesnikov
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Raisa Litvinovskaya
- Laboratory of Steroid Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141, Kuprevich str., 5, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Khripach
- Laboratory of Steroid Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141, Kuprevich str., 5, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine.
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30
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Chen X, Li L, Xu B, Zhao S, Lu P, He Y, Ye T, Feng YQ, Wu Y. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C2 functions in auxin-modulated root development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1441-1457. [PMID: 30496625 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nine phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases C (PLCs) have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome; among the importance of PLC2 in reproductive development is significant. However, the role of PLC2 in vegetative development such as in root growth is elusive. Here, we report that plc2 mutants displayed multiple auxin-defective phenotypes in root development, including short primary root, impaired root gravitropism, and inhibited root hair growth. The DR5:GUS expression and the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, as well as the responses of a set of auxin-related genes to exogenous IAA treatment, were all decreased in plc2 seedlings, suggesting the influence of PLC2 on auxin accumulation and signalling. The root elongation of plc2 mutants was less sensitive to the high concentration of exogenous auxins, and the application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid or the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid could rescue the root hair growth of plc2 mutants. In addition, the PIN2 polarity and cycling in plc2 root epidermis cells were altered. These results demonstrate a critical role of PLC2 in auxin-mediated root development in Arabidopsis, in which PLC2 influences the polar distribution of PIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Buxian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Piaoying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Takáč T, Novák D, Šamaj J. Recent Advances in the Cellular and Developmental Biology of Phospholipases in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:362. [PMID: 31024579 PMCID: PMC6459882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases (PLs) are lipid-hydrolyzing enzymes known to have diverse signaling roles during plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. They catalyze lipid remodeling, which is required to generate rapid responses of plants to environmental cues. Moreover, they produce second messenger molecules, such as phosphatidic acid (PA) and thus trigger or modulate signaling cascades that lead to changes in gene expression. The roles of phospholipases in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses have been intensively studied. Nevertheless, emerging evidence suggests that they also make significant contributions to plants' cellular and developmental processes. In this mini review, we summarized recent advances in the study of the cellular and developmental roles of phospholipases in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Gully K, Pelletier S, Guillou MC, Ferrand M, Aligon S, Pokotylo I, Perrin A, Vergne E, Fagard M, Ruelland E, Grappin P, Bucher E, Renou JP, Aubourg S. The SCOOP12 peptide regulates defense response and root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1349-1365. [PMID: 30715439 PMCID: PMC6382344 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Small secreted peptides are important players in plant development and stress response. Using a targeted in silico approach, we identified a family of 14 Arabidopsis genes encoding precursors of serine-rich endogenous peptides (PROSCOOP). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that one member of this family, PROSCOOP12, is involved in processes linked to biotic and oxidative stress as well as root growth. Plants defective in this gene were less susceptible to Erwinia amylovora infection and showed an enhanced root growth phenotype. In PROSCOOP12 we identified a conserved motif potentially coding for a small secreted peptide. Exogenous application of synthetic SCOOP12 peptide induces various defense responses in Arabidopsis. Our findings show that SCOOP12 has numerous properties of phytocytokines, activates the phospholipid signaling pathway, regulates reactive oxygen species response, and is perceived in a BAK1 co-receptor-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Gully
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Guillou
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Marina Ferrand
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sophie Aligon
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Igor Pokotylo
- iEES-Paris (Interaction Plantes-Environnement Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris), UMR CNRS 7618, Université Paris Est Créteil, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, Créteil, France
| | - Adrien Perrin
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Emilie Vergne
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mathilde Fagard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- iEES-Paris (Interaction Plantes-Environnement Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris), UMR CNRS 7618, Université Paris Est Créteil, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Grappin
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Etienne Bucher
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sébastien Aubourg
- IRHS (Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
- Correspondence: or
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Li J, Wang X. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in plant immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:45-50. [PMID: 30709492 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Both PLD and its lipid product PA are involved in various physiological processes, including plant response to pathogens. The PLD family is comprised of multiple members in higher plants, and PLDs have been reported to play positive and/or negative roles in plant immunity, depending on the types of pathogens and specific PLDs involved. Individual PLDs have distinguishable biochemical properties, such as Ca2+ and phosphatidylinositide requirements. In addition, PLDs and PA are found to interact with various proteins in hormone and stress signaling. The different biochemical and regulatory properties of PLDs and PA shed light on the mechanisms for the functional diversity of PLDs in plant defense signaling and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Li
- Henan Agricultural University, Henan, 450002, China; Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States.
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States.
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Muthert LWF, Izzo LG, van Zanten M, Aronne G. Root Tropisms: Investigations on Earth and in Space to Unravel Plant Growth Direction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1807. [PMID: 32153599 PMCID: PMC7047216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Root tropisms are important responses of plants, allowing them to adapt their growth direction. Research on plant tropisms is indispensable for future space programs that envisage plant-based life support systems for long-term missions and planet colonization. Root tropisms encompass responses toward or away from different environmental stimuli, with an underexplored level of mechanistic divergence. Research into signaling events that coordinate tropistic responses is complicated by the consistent coincidence of various environmental stimuli, often interacting via shared signaling mechanisms. On Earth the major determinant of root growth direction is the gravitational vector, acting through gravitropism and overruling most other tropistic responses to environmental stimuli. Critical advancements in the understanding of root tropisms have been achieved nullifying the gravitropic dominance with experiments performed in the microgravity environment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on root tropisms to different environmental stimuli. We highlight that the term tropism must be used with care, because it can be easily confused with a change in root growth direction due to asymmetrical damage to the root, as can occur in apparent chemotropism, electrotropism, and magnetotropism. Clearly, the use of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for tropism research contributed much to our understanding of the underlying regulatory processes and signaling events. However, pronounced differences in tropisms exist among species, and we argue that these should be further investigated to get a more comprehensive view of the signaling pathways and sensors. Finally, we point out that the Cholodny-Went theory of asymmetric auxin distribution remains to be the central and unifying tropistic mechanism after 100 years. Nevertheless, it becomes increasingly clear that the theory is not applicable to all root tropistic responses, and we propose further research to unravel commonalities and differences in the molecular and physiological processes orchestrating root tropisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luigi Gennaro Izzo,
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giovanna Aronne
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Shot-Gun Proteomic Analysis on Roots of Arabidopsis pldα1 Mutants Suggesting the Involvement of PLDα1 in Mitochondrial Protein Import, Vesicular Trafficking and Glucosinolate Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010082. [PMID: 30587782 PMCID: PMC6337374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) belongs to phospholipases, a large phospholipid hydrolyzing protein family. PLDα1 has a substrate preference for phosphatidylcholine leading to enzymatic production of phosphatidic acid, a lipid second messenger with multiple cellular functions. PLDα1 itself is implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, we present a shot-gun differential proteomic analysis on roots of two Arabidopsis pldα1 mutants compared to the wild type. Interestingly, PLDα1 deficiency leads to altered abundances of proteins involved in diverse processes related to membrane transport including endocytosis and endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport. PLDα1 may be involved in the stability of attachment sites of endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane as suggested by increased abundance of synaptotagmin 1, which was validated by immunoblotting and whole-mount immunolabelling analyses. Moreover, we noticed a robust abundance alterations of proteins involved in mitochondrial import and electron transport chain. Notably, the abundances of numerous proteins implicated in glucosinolate biosynthesis were also affected in pldα1 mutants. Our results suggest a broader biological involvement of PLDα1 than anticipated thus far, especially in the processes such as endomembrane transport, mitochondrial protein import and protein quality control, as well as glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Wang J, Zhang N, Han Q, Lu W, Wang L, Yang D, Zheng M, Zhang Z, Liu H, Lee TH, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Pin1 inhibition reverses the acquired resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to Regorafenib via the Gli1/Snail/E-cadherin pathway. Cancer Lett 2018; 444:82-93. [PMID: 30583078 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cancer death because of its high metastasis and drug resistance. Regorafenib was newly approved by FDA for HCC treatment, but its resistance is not understood. The unique isomerase Pin1 is critical for HCC development, but its role in metastasis and drug resistance is unknown. Here we generated Regorafenib-resistant HCC cells and found that they exhibited enhanced tumor invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, and elevated Pin1 levels. Furthermore, Pin1 was highly overexpressed and closely related to the EMT in human HCC tissues. Depletion or overexpression of Pin1 correspondingly inhibited or promoted HCC cell migration and invasion, with altered expression of EMT-related molecules, E-cadherin and Snail. Significantly, Pin1 interacted with Gli1, a regulator of the EMT, and silencing Gli1 partly blocked Pin1-induced EMT in HCC cells. Moreover, genetic or chemical Pin1 inhibition reversed Regorafenib resistance of HCC with reducing EMT, migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. These results reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying Regorafenib resistance in HCC, and also provide first evidence that Pin1 inhibitors offer an attractive strategy for treating Regorafenib-resistant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qi Han
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wenxian Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Dayun Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China; Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Yao HY, Xue HW. Phosphatidic acid plays key roles regulating plant development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:851-863. [PMID: 29660254 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Barbosa ICR, Hammes UZ, Schwechheimer C. Activation and Polarity Control of PIN-FORMED Auxin Transporters by Phosphorylation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:523-538. [PMID: 29678589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Auxin controls almost every aspect of plant development. Auxin is distributed within the plant by passive diffusion and active cell-to-cell transport. PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters are polarly distributed in the plasma membranes of many cells, and knowledge about their distribution can predict auxin transport and explain auxin distribution patterns, even in complex tissues. Recent studies have revealed that phosphorylation is essential for PIN activation, suggesting that PIN phosphorylation needs to be taken into account in understanding auxin transport. These findings also ask for a re-examination of previously proposed mechanisms for phosphorylation-dependent PIN polarity control. We provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on PIN regulation by phosphorylation, and discuss possible mechanisms of PIN polarity control in the context of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C R Barbosa
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, Unil-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; These authors contributed equally to this review article and are listed in alphabetical order
| | - Ulrich Z Hammes
- Plant Systems Biology, Technical University Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354 Freising, Germany; These authors contributed equally to this review article and are listed in alphabetical order
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, Technical University Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354 Freising, Germany; These authors contributed equally to this review article and are listed in alphabetical order.
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Jablonická V, Ziegler J, Vatehová Z, Lišková D, Heilmann I, Obložinský M, Heilmann M. Inhibition of phospholipases influences the metabolism of wound-induced benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Papaver somniferum L. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 223:1-8. [PMID: 29433083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are important secondary plant metabolites and include medicinally relevant drugs, such as morphine or codeine. As the de novo synthesis of BIA backbones is (still) unfeasible, to date the opium poppy plant Papaver somniferum L. represents the main source of BIAs. The formation of BIAs is induced in poppy plants by stress conditions, such as wounding or salt treatment; however, the details about regulatory processes controlling BIA formation in opium poppy are not well studied. Environmental stresses, such as wounding or salinization, are transduced in plants by phospholipid-based signaling pathways, which involve different classes of phospholipases. Here we investigate whether pharmacological inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2, inhibited by aristolochic acid (AA)) or phospholipase D (PLD; inhibited by 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI)) in poppy plants influences wound-induced BIA accumulation and the expression of key biosynthetic genes. We show that inhibition of PLA2 results in increased morphinan biosynthesis concomitant with reduced production of BIAs of the papaverine branch, whereas inhibition of PLD results in increased production of BIAs of the noscapine branch. The data suggest that phospholipid-dependent signaling pathways contribute to the activation of morphine biosynthesis at the expense of the production of other BIAs in poppy plants. A better understanding of the effectors and the principles of regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis might be the basis for the future genetic modification of opium poppy to optimize BIA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Jablonická
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Zuzana Vatehová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Desana Lišková
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marek Obložinský
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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40
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Nievola CC, Carvalho CP, Carvalho V, Rodrigues E. Rapid responses of plants to temperature changes. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 4:371-405. [PMID: 29435478 PMCID: PMC5800372 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1377812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of the main environmental factors that affect plant metabolism. Considering that plants are sessile, their survival depends on the efficient activation of resistance responses to thermal stress. In this comprehensive review, we discuss recent work on rapid biochemical and physiological adjustments, herein referred to as those occurring during the first few hours or a few days after the beginning of the change in the ambient temperature. The short-term metabolic modulation after plant exposure to heat and cold, including chilling and freezing, is discussed. Effects on photosynthesis, cell membranes, antioxidant system, production of heat shock proteins and nitric oxide, as well as an overview of signaling events to heat or cold stress are presented. In addition, we also discuss the acclimation process that occurs when the plant acquires resistance to an increase or decrease in temperature, adjusting its homeostasis and steady-state physiology to the new temperatures. Finally, we present studies with tropical plants that aim at elucidating the effects of temperature and the identification of the resilience levels of these plants to the expected climate changes, and which seek the development of techniques for germplasm conservation of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C. Nievola
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Ornamentais, Instituto de Botânica SMA/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila P. Carvalho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Ornamentais, Instituto de Botânica SMA/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Carvalho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Ornamentais, Instituto de Botânica SMA/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues
- Instituto Básico de Biociências, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
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41
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Han EH, Petrella DP, Blakeslee JJ. 'Bending' models of halotropism: incorporating protein phosphatase 2A, ABCB transporters, and auxin metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3071-3089. [PMID: 28899081 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress causes worldwide reductions in agricultural yields, a problem that is exacerbated by the depletion of global freshwater reserves and the use of contaminated or recycled water (i.e. effluent water). Additionally, salt stress can occur as cultivated areas are subjected to frequent rounds of irrigation followed by periods of moderate to severe evapotranspiration, which can result in the heterogeneous aggregation of salts in agricultural soils. Our understanding of the later stages of salt stress and the mechanisms by which salt is transported out of cells and roots has greatly improved over the last decade. The precise mechanisms by which plant roots perceive salt stress and translate this perception into adaptive, directional growth away from increased salt concentrations (i.e. halotropism), however, are not well understood. Here, we provide a review of the current knowledge surrounding the early responses to salt stress and the initiation of halotropism, including lipid signaling, protein phosphorylation cascades, and changes in auxin metabolism and/or transport. Current models of halotropism have focused on the role of PIN2- and PIN1-mediated auxin efflux in initiating and controlling halotropism. Recent studies, however, suggest that additional factors such as ABCB transporters, protein phosphatase 2A activity, and auxin metabolism should be included in the model of halotropic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyang Han
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Dominic P Petrella
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, OARDC Metabolite Analysis Cluster (OMAC), The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
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Gerth K, Lin F, Menzel W, Krishnamoorthy P, Stenzel I, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Guilt by Association: A Phenotype-Based View of the Plant Phosphoinositide Network. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:349-374. [PMID: 28125287 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic membranes contain small amounts of phospholipids that have regulatory effects on the physiological functions of cells, tissues, and organs. Phosphoinositides (PIs)-the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol-are one example of such regulatory lipids. Although PIs were described in plants decades ago, their contribution to the regulation of physiological processes in plants is not well understood. In the past few years, evidence has emerged that PIs are essential for plant function and development. Recently reported phenotypes associated with the perturbation of different PIs suggest that some subgroups of PIs influence specific processes. Although the molecular targets of PI-dependent regulation in plants are largely unknown, the effects of perturbed PI metabolism can be used to propose regulatory modules that involve particular downstream targets of PI regulation. This review summarizes phenotypes associated with the perturbation of the plant PI network to categorize functions and suggest possible downstream targets of plant PI regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gerth
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Wilhelm Menzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
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Kumar D, Kumar R, Baek D, Hyun TK, Chung WS, Yun DJ, Kim JY. Arabidopsis thaliana RECEPTOR DEAD KINASE1 Functions as a Positive Regulator in Plant Responses to ABA. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:223-243. [PMID: 27923613 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone involved in important stress-related and developmental plant processes. Membrane-delimited ABA signal transduction plays an important role in early ABA signaling, but the molecular mechanisms connecting core signaling components to the plasma membrane remain unclear. Plants have evolved a large number of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) to modulate diverse biological processes by perceiving extracellular stimuli and activating downstream signaling responses. In this study, a putative leucine-rich repeat-RLK gene named RECEPTOR DEAD KINASE1 (AtRDK1) was identified and characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. RDK1 promoter-GUS analysis revealed that RDK1 is expressed ubiquitously in the various tissues in Arabidopsis, and its expression is mainly induced by ABA. In the presence of ABA, RDK1-deficient rdk1-1 and rdk1-2 lines showed significant resistance in cotyledon greening and root growth, whereas RDK1-overexpressing lines showed enhanced sensitivity. Consistently, the expression of ABA-responsive genes was significantly downregulated in rdk1 mutant seedlings, which were also hypersensitive to drought stress with increased water loss. Interestingly, RDK1 was found to be an atypical kinase localized to the plasma membrane and did not require its kinase activity during ABA-mediated inhibition of seedling development. Accordingly, RDK1 interacted in the plasma membrane with type 2C protein phosphatase ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE1 (ABI1); this interaction was further enhanced by exogenous application of ABA, suggesting that RDK1-mediated recruitment of ABI1 onto the plasma membrane is important for ABA signaling. Taken together, these results reveal an important role for RDK1 in plant responses to abiotic stress conditions in an ABA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhinesh Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Dongwon Baek
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
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44
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Wei F, Fanella B, Guo L, Wang X. Membrane glycerolipidome of soybean root hairs and its response to nitrogen and phosphate availability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36172. [PMID: 27812010 PMCID: PMC5095881 DOI: 10.1038/srep36172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Root hairs are tubular extensions of specific root epidermal cells important in plant nutrition and water absorption. To determine membrane glycerolipids in root hairs and roots may differ, as well as their respective response to nutrient availability, this study analyzed the membrane glycerolipid species in soybean root hairs and in roots stripped of root hairs, and their response to nitrogen (N) and phosphate (Pi) supplementation. The ratio of phospholipids to galactolipids was 1.5 fold higher in root hairs than in stripped roots. Under Pi deficiency, the ratio of phospholipids to galactolipids in stripped roots decreased with the greatest decrease found in the level of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in root hairs and stripped roots, and root hairs had an increased level of phosphatidic acid (PA). When seedlings were not supplied with N, the level of the N-containing lipids PE and phosphatidylserine in root hairs decreased whereas the level of non-N-containing lipids galactolipids and PA increased compared to N-supplied conditions. In stripped roots, the level of major membrane lipids was not different between N-sufficient and -deficient conditions. The results indicate that the membrane glycerolipidomes in root hairs are more responsive to nutrient availability than are the rest of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Brian Fanella
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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Muzi C, Camoni L, Visconti S, Aducci P. Cold stress affects H +-ATPase and phospholipase D activity in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:328-336. [PMID: 27497302 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is an environmental stress that greatly influences plant performance and distribution. Plants exposed to cold stress exhibit modifications of plasma membrane physical properties that can affect their functionality. Here it is reported the effect of low temperature exposure of Arabidopsis plants on the activity of phospholipase D and H+-ATPase, the master enzyme located at the plasma membrane. The H+-ATPase activity was differently affected, depending on the length of cold stress imposed. In particular, an exposure to 4 °C for 6 h determined the strong inhibition of the H+-ATPase activity, that correlates with a reduced association with the regulatory 14-3-3 proteins. A longer exposure first caused the full recovery of the enzymatic activity followed by a significant activation, in accordance with both the increased association with 14-3-3 proteins and induction of H+-ATPase gene transcription. Different time lengths of cold stress treatment were also shown to strongly stimulate the phospholipase D activity and affect the phosphatidic acid levels of the plasma membranes. Our results suggest a functional correlation between the activity of phospholipase D and H+-ATPase mediated by phosphatidic acid release during the cold stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Muzi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Camoni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Visconti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Aducci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Hou Q, Ufer G, Bartels D. Lipid signalling in plant responses to abiotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1029-48. [PMID: 26510494 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear that membrane lipids also serve as substrates for the generation of numerous signalling lipids such as phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, N-acylethanolamines, free fatty acids and others. The enzymatic production and metabolism of these signalling molecules are tightly regulated and can rapidly be activated upon abiotic stress signals. Abiotic stress like water deficit and temperature stress triggers lipid-dependent signalling cascades, which control the expression of gene clusters and activate plant adaptation processes. Signalling lipids are able to recruit protein targets transiently to the membrane and thus affect conformation and activity of intracellular proteins and metabolites. In plants, knowledge is still scarce of lipid signalling targets and their physiological consequences. This review focuses on the generation of signalling lipids and their involvement in response to abiotic stress. We describe lipid-binding proteins in the context of changing environmental conditions and compare different approaches to determine lipid-protein interactions, crucial for deciphering the signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancan Hou
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Guido Ufer
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
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47
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Laxalt AM, García-Mata C, Lamattina L. The Dual Role of Nitric Oxide in Guard Cells: Promoting and Attenuating the ABA and Phospholipid-Derived Signals Leading to the Stomatal Closure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:476. [PMID: 27148304 PMCID: PMC4830826 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del Plata, Argentina
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48
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Hong Y, Zhao J, Guo L, Kim SC, Deng X, Wang G, Zhang G, Li M, Wang X. Plant phospholipases D and C and their diverse functions in stress responses. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:55-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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49
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PP2A-3 interacts with ACR4 and regulates formative cell division in the Arabidopsis root. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1447-52. [PMID: 26792519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525122113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the generation of new cell types and tissues depends on coordinated and oriented formative cell divisions. The plasma membrane-localized receptor kinase ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY 4 (ACR4) is part of a mechanism controlling formative cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root. Despite its important role in plant development, very little is known about the molecular mechanism with which ACR4 is affiliated and its network of interactions. Here, we used various complementary proteomic approaches to identify ACR4-interacting protein candidates that are likely regulators of formative cell divisions and that could pave the way to unraveling the molecular basis behind ACR4-mediated signaling. We identified PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A-3 (PP2A-3), a catalytic subunit of PP2A holoenzymes, as a previously unidentified regulator of formative cell divisions and as one of the first described substrates of ACR4. Our in vitro data argue for the existence of a tight posttranslational regulation in the associated biochemical network through reciprocal regulation between ACR4 and PP2A-3 at the phosphorylation level.
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Abstract
Lipids are important signaling compounds in plants. They can range from small lipophilic molecules like the dicarboxylic acid Azelaic acid to complex phosphoglycerolipids and regulate plant development as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stress. While their intracellular function is well described, several lipophilic signals are known to be found in the plant phloem and can, thus, also play a role in long-distance signaling. Mostly, they play a role in the pathogen response and systemic acquired resistance. This is particularly true for oxylipins, dehydroabietinal, and azelaic acid. However, several phospholipids have now been described in phloem exudates. Their intracellular function as well as implications and a model for long-distance signaling are discussed in this chapter.
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