1
|
Khan SA, Nurulain SM, Qureshi RN, Zafar A, Riaz Z, Shoukat A, Muneer Z, Bibi N, Raza S, Hussain S, Shah STA. Exposure to heavy metals, antioxidant status, and the interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes CAT rs7943316, GSTP1 rs1695, as well as GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, among workers in occupational settings. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104452. [PMID: 38663648 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Individuals working in diverse fields are consistently exposed to work-related pollutants that can impact their overall health. The current study investigated the presence of pollutants in seven different occupational groups and their impact on human health. Biochemical and genetic approaches were employed. Heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS technique. Oxidative stress biochemical markers and molecular analysis of the glutathione transferases gene SNPs (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1), catalase (CAT, rs7943316), and superoxide dismutase (SOD, rs17880487) was carried out. The results revealed a significantly higher quantity of Cd among five occupational groups. Catalase, malonaldehyde, and glutathione was significantly dysregulated. Molecular analysis of the gene SNPs suggests a probable relationship between the antioxidants and the phenotypic expression of the CAT, GSTP1, GSTT1, and GSTM1 SNPs. It is concluded that chronic exposure to occupational contaminants like Cd affects human health through oxidative stress in association with some of their gene SNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sosan Andleeb Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Nurulain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; Department of Biosciences, Grand Asian University Sialkot, Pakistan.
| | - Rashid Nazir Qureshi
- Central Analytical Facility Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTEC), Pakistan
| | - Amina Zafar
- Central Analytical Facility Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTEC), Pakistan
| | - Zarish Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Shoukat
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Muneer
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Saqlain Raza
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Science in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghosh S, Orman MA. Exploring the links between SOS response, mutagenesis, and resistance during the recovery period. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0146223. [PMID: 38534113 PMCID: PMC11064565 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01462-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanistic connections between SOS-induced mutagenesis and antibiotic resistance are well established, our current understanding of the impact of SOS response levels, recovery durations, and transcription/translation activities on mutagenesis remains relatively limited. In this study, when bacterial cells were exposed to mutagens like ultraviolet light for defined time intervals, a compelling connection between the rate of mutagenesis and the RecA-mediated SOS response levels became evident. Our observations also indicate that mutagenesis primarily occurs during the subsequent recovery phase following the removal of the mutagenic agent. When transcription/translation was inhibited or energy molecules were depleted at the onset of treatment or during the early recovery phase, there was a noticeable decrease in SOS response activation and mutagenesis. However, targeting these processes later in the recovery phase does not have the same effect in reducing mutagenesis, suggesting that the timing of inhibiting transcription/translation or depleting energy molecules is crucial for their efficacy in reducing mutagenesis. Active transcription, translation, and energy availability within the framework of SOS response and DNA repair mechanisms appear to be conserved attributes, supported by their consistent manifestation across diverse conditions, including the use of distinct mutagens such as fluoroquinolones and various bacterial strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreyashi Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mehmet A. Orman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferguson DT, Taka E, Tilghman SL, Womble T, Redmond BV, Gedeon S, Flores-Rozas H, Reed SL, Soliman KFA, Kanga KJW, Darling-Reed SF. The Anticancer Effects of the Garlic Organosulfide Diallyl Trisulfide through the Attenuation of B[a]P-Induced Oxidative Stress, AhR Expression, and DNA Damage in Human Premalignant Breast Epithelial (MCF-10AT1) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:923. [PMID: 38255999 PMCID: PMC10815401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the most characterized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon associated with breast cancer. Our lab previously reported that the organosulfur compound (OSC), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), chemoprevention mechanism works through the induction of cell cycle arrest and a reduction in oxidative stress and DNA damage in normal breast epithelial cells. We hypothesize that DATS will inhibit B[a]P-induced cancer initiation in premalignant breast epithelial (MCF-10AT1) cells. In this study, we evaluated the ability of DATS to attenuate B[a]P-induced neoplastic transformation in MCF-10AT1 cells by measuring biological endpoints such as proliferation, clonogenicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) DNA damage levels, as well as DNA repair and antioxidant proteins. The results indicate that B[a]P induced proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, and 8-OHdG levels, as well as increasing AhR, ARNT/HIF-1β, and CYP1A1 protein expression compared with the control in MCF-10AT1 cells. B[a]P/DATS's co-treatment (CoTx) inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenic formation, ROS formation, AhR protein expression, and 8-OHdG levels compared with B[a]P alone and attenuated all the above-mentioned B[a]P-induced changes in protein expression, causing a chemopreventive effect. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that DATS prevents premalignant breast cells from undergoing B[a]P-induced neoplastic transformation, thus providing more evidence for its chemopreventive effects in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique T. Ferguson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Equar Taka
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Syreeta L. Tilghman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Tracy Womble
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Bryan V. Redmond
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Shasline Gedeon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Hernan Flores-Rozas
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Sarah L. Reed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| | - Konan J. W. Kanga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Selina F. Darling-Reed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (D.T.F.); (E.T.); (S.L.T.); (T.W.); (S.G.); (H.F.-R.); (S.L.R.); (K.F.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santibáñez-Andrade M, Quezada-Maldonado EM, Rivera-Pineda A, Chirino YI, García-Cuellar CM, Sánchez-Pérez Y. The Road to Malignant Cell Transformation after Particulate Matter Exposure: From Oxidative Stress to Genotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021782. [PMID: 36675297 PMCID: PMC9860989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In cells, oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production/accumulation of oxidants and the ability of the antioxidant system to detoxify these reactive products. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause multiple cellular damages through their interaction with biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Genotoxic damage caused by oxidative stress has become relevant since it can lead to mutation and play a central role in malignant transformation. The evidence describes chronic oxidative stress as an important factor implicated in all stages of the multistep carcinogenic process: initiation, promotion, and progression. In recent years, ambient air pollution by particulate matter (PM) has been cataloged as a cancer risk factor, increasing the incidence of different types of tumors. Epidemiological and toxicological evidence shows how PM-induced oxidative stress could mediate multiple events oriented to carcinogenesis, such as proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resistance to cell death, induction of angiogenesis, and activation of invasion/metastasis pathways. In this review, we summarize the findings regarding the involvement of oxidative and genotoxic mechanisms generated by PM in malignant cell transformation. We also discuss the importance of new approaches oriented to studying the development of tumors associated with PM with more accuracy, pursuing the goal of weighing the impact of oxidative stress and genotoxicity as one of the main mechanisms associated with its carcinogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santibáñez-Andrade
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivera-Pineda
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla CP 54090, Mexico
| | - Claudia M. García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.M.G.-C.); (Y.S.-P.); Tel.: +52-(55)-3693-5200 (ext. 209) (Y.S.-P.)
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, México City CP 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.M.G.-C.); (Y.S.-P.); Tel.: +52-(55)-3693-5200 (ext. 209) (Y.S.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hussain S, Tulsyan S, Dar SA, Sisodiya S, Abiha U, Kumar R, Mishra BN, Haque S. Role of epigenetics in carcinogenesis: Recent advancements in anticancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:441-451. [PMID: 34182144 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of epigenetics in the etiology of cancer progression is being emphasized for the past two decades to check the impact of chromatin modifiers and remodelers. Histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, nucleosome positioning, regulation by non-coding RNAs and precisely microRNAs are influential epigenetic marks in the field of progressive cancer sub-types. Furthermore, constant epigenetic changes due to hyper or hypomethylation could efficiently serve as effective biomarkers of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic development. Ongoing research in the field of epigenetics has resulted in the resolutory role of various epigenetic markers and their inhibition using specific inhibitors to arrest their key cellular functions in in-vitro and pre-clinical studies. Although, the mechanism of epigenetics in cancer largely remains unexplored. Nevertheless, various advancements in the field of epigenetics have been made through transcriptome analysis and in-vitro genome targeting technologies to unravel the applicability of epigenetic markers for future cancer therapeutics and management. Therefore, this review emphasizes on recent advances in epigenetic landscapes that could be targeted/explored using novel approaches as personalized treatment modalities for cancer containment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Molecular Diagnostics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sonam Tulsyan
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Molecular Diagnostics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Sisodiya
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Molecular Diagnostics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India; Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Umme Abiha
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su Y, Zhang X, Li S, Xie W, Guo J. Emerging roles of the copper-CTR1 axis in tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1339-1353. [PMID: 35604085 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physiological roles of copper in metabolic homeostasis have been well established, however, whether and how copper is dysregulated in tumors and contributes to tumorigenesis are not recapitulated. Here, we comprehensively summarize the potential origins of copper accumulation in diseases especially in cancers by dysregulating copper transporter 1 (CTR1) or ATPase copper transporting alpha/beta (ATP7A/B) and further demonstrate the underlying mechanism of copper contributing to tumorigenesis. Specifically, in addition to modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), angiogenesis, immune response, and metabolic homeostasis, copper recently has drawn more attention by directly binding to oncoproteins such as MEK, ULK, Memo, and PDK1 to activate distinct oncogenic signals and account for tumorigenesis. In the end, we disclose the emerging applications of copper in cancer diagnosis and highlight the promising strategies to target the copper-CTR1 axis for cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Su
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- The First Affiliatd Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Orłowska R, Pachota KA, Androsiuk P, Bednarek PT. Triticale Green Plant Regeneration Is Due to DNA Methylation and Sequence Changes Affecting Distinct Sequence Contexts in the Presence of Copper Ions in Induction Medium. Cells 2021; 11:84. [PMID: 35011646 PMCID: PMC8750698 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal ions in the induction medium are essential ingredients allowing green plant regeneration. For instance, Cu(II) and Ag(I) ions may affect the mitochondrial electron transport chain, influencing the Yang cycle and synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, the prominent donor of the methylation group for all cellular compounds, including cytosines. If the ion concentrations are not balanced, they can interfere with the proper flow of electrons in the respiratory chain and ATP production. Under oxidative stress, methylated cytosines might be subjected to mutations impacting green plant regeneration efficiency. Varying Cu(II) and Ag(I) concentrations in the induction medium and time of anther culture, nine trials of anther culture-derived regenerants of triticale were derived. The methylation-sensitive AFLP approach quantitative characteristics of tissue culture-induced variation, including sequence variation, DNA demethylation, and DNA de novo methylation for all symmetric-CG, CHG, and asymmetric-CHH sequence contexts, were evaluated for all trials. In addition, the implementation of mediation analysis allowed evaluating relationships between factors influencing green plant regeneration efficiency. It was demonstrated that Cu(II) ions mediated relationships between: (1) de novo methylation in the CHH context and sequence variation in the CHH, (2) sequence variation in CHH and green plant regeneration efficiency, (3) de novo methylation in CHH sequences and green plant regeneration, (4) between sequence variation in the CHG context, and green plant regeneration efficiency. Cu(II) ions were not a mediator between de novo methylation in the CG context and green plant regeneration. The latter relationship was mediated by sequence variation in the CG context. On the other hand, we failed to identify any mediating action of Ag(I) ions or the moderating role of time. Furthermore, demethylation in any sequence context seems not to participate in any relationships leading to green plant regeneration, sequence variation, and the involvement of Cu(II) or Ag(I) as mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Orłowska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Anna Pachota
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Piotr Androsiuk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Tomasz Bednarek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh S, Sahu RK, Sugathan A, Tomar RS. The H2A N-terminal tail is required to alleviate copper-induced stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6459723. [PMID: 34894216 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone tail residues drive many biological processes by regulating genome-wide transcription. Functions of histone H3 and H4 tail residues in stress-responsive gene transcriptional programs have been extensively studied. The H2A tail residues have been shown to regulate DNA damage repair and oxidative stress response, but the involvement of N-terminal tail of H2A (H2ANtT) in proteostasis regulation is unknown. The unfolded protein response pathway (UPR) is an essential mechanism adopted by cells to prevent protein toxicity in response to ER stress. The disturbance in ER can occur by various factors such as heat stress, redox imbalance, exposure to xenobiotics and metals. Copper is utilized as a cofactor by cellular enzymes, but excessive copper affects ER homeostasis. We found that cells lacking 1-20 residues of H2ANtT are intolerant to copper stress, owing to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the mutant cells. H2A 1-20 truncation also reduces the physiological UPR, and copper exposure further aggravates this effect. Furthermore, the expression of a spliced version of HAC1 mRNA in H2A∆(1-20) cells, encoding the downstream transcription factor of UPR signalling, rescues their growth under copper stress. Altogether these results provide evidence that H2ANtT reduces copper-induced ER stress by regulating UPR signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Singh
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Rd, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sahu
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Rd, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Anaswara Sugathan
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Rd, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Raghuvir Singh Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Rd, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Methneni N, Ezdini K, Ben Abdeljelil N, Van Loco J, Van den Houwe K, Jabeur R, Fekih Sallem O, Jaziri A, Fernandez-Serrano M, Khdary NH, Ben Mansour H. Occurrence of Textile Dyes and Metals in Tunisian Textile Dyeing Effluent: Effects on Oxidative Stress Status and Histological Changes in Balb/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212568. [PMID: 34830450 PMCID: PMC8619562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that textile wastewater contains highly toxic contaminants whose effects in humans represent public health problems in several countries, studies involving mammal species are scarce. This study was aimed to evaluate the toxicity profile of 90-days oral administration of textile dyeing effluent (TDE) on oxidative stress status and histological changes of male mice. The TDE was collected from the textile plant of Monastir, Tunisia and evaluated for the metals, aromatic amines, and textile dyes using analytical approaches. Metal analysis by ICP-MS showed that the tested TDE exhibited very high levels of Cr, As, and Sr, which exceeded the wastewater emission limits prescribed by WHO and Tunisian authority. The screening of TDE through UPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of two textile dyes: a triphenylmethane dye (Crystal violet) and a disperse azo dye (Disperse yellow 3). Exposure to TDE significantly altered the malondialdehyde (MDA), Conjugated dienes (CDs), Sulfhydryl proteins (SHP) and catalase levels in the hepatic and renal tissues. Furthermore, histopathology observation showed that hepatocellular and renal lesions were induced by TDE exposure. The present study concluded that TDE may involve induction of oxidative stress which ensues in pathological lesions in several vital organs suggesting its high toxicity. Metals and textile dyes may be associated with the observed toxicological effects of the TDE. These pollutants, which may have seeped into surrounding rivers in Monastir city, can cause severe health malaise in wildlife and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nosra Methneni
- Research Unit of Analysis, Process Applied to the Environment–APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (N.M.); (O.F.S.); (A.J.)
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (K.V.d.H.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain;
| | - Khawla Ezdini
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-Resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Nouha Ben Abdeljelil
- Department of Pathology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (K.V.d.H.)
| | - Kathy Van den Houwe
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.V.L.); (K.V.d.H.)
| | - Riheb Jabeur
- Department of Matter and Life Sciences, Bretagne Sud University, IRDL, FRE CNRS 3744, CER Yves Coppens, BP573, 56000 Vannes, France;
| | - Ons Fekih Sallem
- Research Unit of Analysis, Process Applied to the Environment–APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (N.M.); (O.F.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Ahlem Jaziri
- Research Unit of Analysis, Process Applied to the Environment–APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (N.M.); (O.F.S.); (A.J.)
| | | | - Nezar H. Khdary
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 11442 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.H.K.); (H.B.M.)
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis, Process Applied to the Environment–APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (N.M.); (O.F.S.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.K.); (H.B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The gastrointestinal microbiota in colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:495-510. [PMID: 34748126 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer in developed countries and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Interest in the influence of the intestinal microbiota on CRC emerged rapidly in the past few years, and the close presence of microbiota to the tumour mass creates a unique microenvironment in CRC. The gastrointestinal microbiota secrete factors that can contribute to CRC metastasis by influencing, for example, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Although the role of EMT in metastasis is well-studied, mechanisms by which gastrointestinal microbiota contribute to the progression of CRC remain poorly understood. In this review, we will explore bacterial factors that contribute to the migration and invasion of colorectal carcinoma and the mechanisms involved. Bacteria involved in the induction of metastasis in primary CRC include Fusobacterium nucleatum, Enterococcus faecalis, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Examples of prominent bacterial factors secreted by these bacteria include Fusobacterium adhesin A and Bacteroides fragilis Toxin. Most of these factors induce EMT-like properties in carcinoma cells and, as such, contribute to disease progression by affecting cell-cell adhesion, breakdown of the extracellular matrix and reorganisation of the cytoskeleton. It is of utmost importance to elucidate how bacterial factors promote CRC recurrence and metastasis to increase patient survival. So far, mainly animal models have been used to demonstrate this interplay between the host and microbiota. More human-based models are needed to study the mechanisms that promote migration and invasion and mimic the progression and recurrence of CRC.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bednarek PT, Orłowska R, Mańkowski DR, Oleszczuk S, Zebrowski J. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis of Sequence Variation and Green Plant Regeneration via Anther Culture in Barley. Cells 2021; 10:2774. [PMID: 34685752 PMCID: PMC8534894 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of anther culture involves numerous abiotic stresses required for cellular reprogramming, microspore developmental switch, and plant regeneration. These stresses affect DNA methylation patterns, sequence variation, and the number of green plants regenerated. Recently, in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mediation analysis linked DNA methylation changes, copper (Cu2+) and silver (Ag+) ion concentrations, sequence variation, β-glucans, green plants, and duration of anther culture (Time). Although several models were used to explain particular aspects of the relationships between these factors, a generalized complex model employing all these types of data was not established. In this study, we combined the previously described partial models into a single complex model using the structural equation modeling approach. Based on the evaluated model, we demonstrated that stress conditions (such as starvation and darkness) influence β-glucans employed by cells for glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Additionally, Cu2+ and Ag+ ions affect DNA methylation and induce sequence variation. Moreover, these ions link DNA methylation with green plants. The structural equation model also showed the role of time in relationships between parameters included in the model and influencing plant regeneration via anther culture. Utilization of structural equation modeling may have both scientific and practical implications, as it demonstrates links between biological phenomena (e.g., culture-induced variation, green plant regeneration and biochemical pathways), and provides opportunities for regulating these phenomena for particular biotechnological purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Tomasz Bednarek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | - Renata Orłowska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Rafał Mańkowski
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Oleszczuk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wojciechowska A, Bregier Jarzębowska R, Komarnicka UK, Kozieł S, Szuster Ciesielska A, Sztandera Tymoczek M, Jarząb A, Staszak Z, Witkowska D, Bojarska Junak A, Jezierska J. Isothiocyanate l-argininato copper(II) complexes - Solution structure, DNA interaction, anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109636. [PMID: 34506769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
l-argininato copper(II) complexes have been intensively investigated in a variety of diseases due to their therapeutic potential. Here we report the results of comprehensive structural studies (ESI-MS, NIR-VIS-UV, EPR) on the complexes arising in aqueous solutions of two ternary copper(II) complexes with molecular formulas from crystal structures, [Cu(l-Arg)2(NCS)](NCS)·H2O (1) and [Cu(l-Arg)(NCS)2] (2) (l-Arg = l-arginine). Reference systems, the ternary Cu(II)/l-Arg/NCS- as well as binary Cu(II)/NCS- and Cu(II)/l-Arg, were studied in parallel in aqueous solutions by pH-potentiometric titration, EPR and VIS spectroscopy to characterize stability, structures and speciation of the formed species over the broad pH range. Comparative analysis of the obtained results showed that at a pH close to 7.0 mononuclear [Cu(l-Arg)2(NCS)]+ is the only species in water solution of 1, while equilibrium between [Cu(l-Arg)(SCN)]+ and binary [Cu(l-Arg)2]2+ was detected in water solution of 2. According to DNA binding studies, the [Cu(l-Arg)2(NCS)]+, [Cu(l-Arg)(SCN)]+ and [Cu(l-Arg)2]2+ species could be considered as strong minor groove binding agents causing, in the presence of H2O2, the involvement of ROS in plasmid damage. The human carcinoma cells (A549 cell line) were generally significantly more sensitive to cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of compounds 1 and 2 than human normal cells. The studied compounds shown antimicrobial activity against bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wojciechowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sandra Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Monika Sztandera Tymoczek
- Department of Virology and Immunology, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Jarząb
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Staszak
- Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-270, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Danuta Witkowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bojarska Junak
- Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia R, Du J, Cao L, Feng W, He Q, Xu P, Yin G. Application of transcriptome analysis to understand the adverse effects of hydrogen peroxide exposure on brain function in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117240. [PMID: 33991737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a common disinfectant, has been extensively used in aquaculture. The toxicity of high ambient H2O2 for gills and liver of fish has received attention from many researchers. However, whether H2O2 exposure induced brain injury and neurotoxicity has not been reported in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of H2O2 toxicity in brain of common carp via transcriptome analysis and biochemical parameter detection. The fish were exposed to 0 (control) and 1 mM of H2O2 for 1 h per day lasting 14 days. The results showed that H2O2 exposure caused oxidative damage in brain evidenced by decreased glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, and increased formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Meanwhile, H2O2 exposure reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level, and down-regulated tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (tph1a), tph2, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A-beta (htr1ab) and htr2b expression in brain. Transcriptome analysis showed that H2O2 exposure up-regulated 604 genes and down-regulated 1209 genes in brain. Go enrichment displayed that the differently expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched mainly in cellular process, single-organism process, metabolic process, and biological regulation in the biological process category. Further, KEGG enrichment indicated that H2O2 exposure led to dysregulation of neurotransmitter signals including depression of glutamatergic synapse, GABAergic synapse and endocannabinoid signaling. Also, we found the alteration of three key pathways including calcium, cAMP and HIF-1 in brain after H2O2 exposure. In conclusion, our data indicated that H2O2 exposure induced oxidative damage and neurotoxicity, possibly related to dysregulation of neurotransmitters and calcium, cAMP and HIF-1 signaling pathways, which may adversely affect learning, memory and social responses of common carp. This study provided novel insight into biological effects and underlying mechanism of H2O2 toxicity in aquatic animal, and contributed to proper application of H2O2 in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Wenrong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Guojun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiong K, Shea D, Rhoades J, Blewett T, Liu R, Bae J, Nguyen E, Makrigiorgos GM, Golub TR, Adalsteinsson V. Duplex-Repair enables highly accurate sequencing, despite DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:e1. [PMID: 34591958 PMCID: PMC8755016 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate DNA sequencing is crucial in biomedicine. Underlying the most accurate methods is the assumption that a mutation is true if altered bases are present on both strands of the DNA duplex. We now show that this assumption can be wrong. We establish that current methods to prepare DNA for sequencing, via ‘End Repair/dA-Tailing,’ may substantially resynthesize strands, leading amplifiable lesions or alterations on one strand to become indiscernible from true mutations on both strands. Indeed, we discovered that 7–17% and 32–57% of interior ‘duplex base pairs’ from cell-free DNA and formalin-fixed tumor biopsies, respectively, could be resynthesized in vitro and potentially introduce false mutations. To address this, we present Duplex-Repair, and show that it limits interior duplex base pair resynthesis by 8- to 464-fold, rescues the impact of induced DNA damage, and affords up to 8.9-fold more accurate duplex sequencing. Our study uncovers a major Achilles’ heel in sequencing and offers a solution to restore high accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timothy Blewett
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ruolin Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jin H Bae
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erica Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - G Mike Makrigiorgos
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cendrowska-Pinkosz M, Krauze M, Juśkiewicz J, Ognik K. The effect of the use of copper carbonate and copper nanoparticles in the diet of rats on the level of β-amyloid and acetylcholinesterase in selected organs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126777. [PMID: 33984546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper has an important role in nervous system function, as a cofactor of many enzymes and in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Both the dose and the chemical form of copper can determine the impact of this element on metabolism, the neurological system and the immune system. AIMS The aim of the study was to determine whether and in what form the addition of copper changes the level of amyloid beta and acetylcholinesterase level in selected rat tissues. METHODS Thirty, healthy, male, albino Wistar rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups. Three experimental treatments were used to evaluate the effects of different levels and sources of Cu (6.5 mg kg of diet) in the diet: Cu0 - rats fed a diet without Cu supplementation; Cusalt - rats fed a diet with CuCO3 (6.5 mg kg of diet) during two months of feeding; CuNPs - rats fed a diet with Cu nanoparticles (6.5 mg kg of diet) during two months of feeding. In blood serum and tissue homogenates there rated the indicators proving the potential neurodegenerative effect and epigenetic DNA damage induced by chemical form of copper or lack of additional copper supplementation in diet were determined. There were analysed: level of acetylcholinesterase, β-amyloid, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, apyrimidinic endonuclease, thymidine glycosidase, alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase and glycosylated acetylcholinesterase. RESULTS Irrespective of the form of copper added, it was found to increase acetylcholinesterase level in the brain, spleen and liver, as well as in the blood plasma of the rats. Copper in the form of CuCO3 was found to increase acetylcholinesterase level in the kidneys. The addition of both forms of copper caused a marked increase in the plasma concentration of β-amyloid in comparison with the diet with no added Cu. The addition of both forms of copper caused a marked increase in the plasma concentration of β-amyloid in comparison with the diet with no added Cu. CONCLUSIONS A lack of added Cu in the diet of rats reduces the concentration of amyloid-β in the blood, whereas administration of copper, in the form of either CuNPs or CuCO3, increases the level of this peptide in the blood. The use of copper in the form of CuNPs in the diet of rats does not increase the level of β-amyloid more than the use of the carbonate form of this element. The use of CuNPs or CuCO3 in the diet of rats increases acetylcholinesterase level in the brain, spleen, liver, and blood. CuNPs in the diet of rats were not found to increase acetylcholinesterase level to a greater extent than Cu+2 carbonate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Krauze
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Biological Function of Food, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Orłowska R. Barley somatic embryogenesis-an attempt to modify variation induced in tissue culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:9. [PMID: 33726856 PMCID: PMC7962293 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-021-00138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Somatic embryogenesis is a phenomenon carried out in an environment that generates abiotic stress. Thus, regenerants may differ from the source of explants at the morphological, genetic, and epigenetic levels. The DNA changes may be the outcome of induction media ingredients (i.e., copper and silver ions) and their concentrations and time of in vitro cultures. Results This study optimised the level of copper and silver ion concentration in culture media parallel with the induction medium longevity step towards obtaining barley regenerants via somatic embryogenesis with a minimum or maximum level of tissue culture-induced differences between the donor plant and its regenerants. The optimisation process is based on tissue culture-induced variation evaluated via the metAFLP approach for regenerants derived under varying in vitro tissue culture conditions and exploited by the Taguchi method. In the optimisation and verification experiments, various copper and silver ion concentrations and the different number of days differentiated the tested trials concerning the tissue culture-induced variation level, DNA demethylation, and de novo methylation, including symmetric (CG, CHG) and asymmetric (CHH) DNA sequence contexts. Verification of optimised conditions towards obtaining regenerants with minimum and maximum variability compared to donor plants proved useful. The main changes that discriminate optimised conditions belonged to DNA demethylation events with particular stress on CHG context. Conclusions The combination of tissue culture-induced variation evaluated for eight experimental trials and implementation of the Taguchi method allowed the optimisation of the in vitro tissue culture conditions towards the minimum and maximum differences between a source of tissue explants (donor plant) and its regenerants from somatic embryos. The tissue culture-induced variation characteristic is mostly affected by demethylation with preferences towards CHG sequence context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Orłowska
- Plant Breeding & Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Radzików, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Orłowska R, Zimny J, Bednarek PT. Copper Ions Induce DNA Sequence Variation in Zygotic Embryo Culture-Derived Barley Regenerants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:614837. [PMID: 33613587 PMCID: PMC7889974 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.614837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro tissue culture could be exploited to study cellular mechanisms that induce sequence variation. Altering the metal ion composition of tissue culture medium affects biochemical pathways involved in tissue culture-induced variation. Copper ions are involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and Yang cycle. Copper ions may participate in oxidative mutations, which may contribute to DNA sequence variation. Silver ions compete with copper ions to bind to the complex IV subunit of the respiratory chain, thus affecting the Yang cycle and DNA methylation. The mechanisms underlying somaclonal variation are unknown. In this study, we evaluated embryo-derived barley regenerants obtained from a single double-haploid plant via embryo culture under varying copper and silver ion concentrations and different durations of in vitro culture. Morphological variation among regenerants and the donor plant was not evaluated. Methylation-sensitive Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis of DNA samples showed DNA methylation pattern variation in CG and CHG (H = A, C, or T) sequence contexts. Furthermore, modification of in vitro culture conditions explained DNA sequence variation, demethylation, and de novo methylation in the CHG context, as indicated by analysis of variance. Linear regression indicated that DNA sequence variation was related to de novo DNA methylation in the CHG context. Mediation analysis showed the role of copper ions as a mediator of sequence variation in the CHG context. No other contexts showed a significant sequence variation in mediation analysis. Silver ions did not act as a mediator between any methylation contexts and sequence variation. Thus, incorporating copper ions in the induction medium should be treated with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Orłowska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute–National Research Institute, Błonie, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang S, Maxwell CA, Akella NM. Diet as a Potential Moderator for Genome Stability and Immune Response in Pediatric Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030413. [PMID: 33499176 PMCID: PMC7865408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent cancer affecting children in developed societies. Here, we review the role of diet in control of the incidence and progression of childhood ALL. Prenatally, ALL risk is associated with higher birthweights of newborns, suggesting that ALL begins to evolve in-utero. Indeed, maternal diet influences the fetal genome and immune development. Postnatally, breastfeeding associates with decreased risk of ALL development. Finally, for the ALL-affected child, certain dietary regimens that impact the hormonal environment may impede disease progression. Improved understanding of the dietary regulation of hormones and immunity may inform better approaches to predict, protect, and ultimately save children afflicted with pediatric leukemia. Abstract Pediatric leukemias are the most prevalent cancers affecting children in developed societies, with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) being the most common subtype. As diet is a likely modulator of many diseases, this review focuses on the potential for diet to influence the incidence and progression of childhood ALL. In particular, the potential effect of diets on genome stability and immunity during the prenatal and postnatal stages of early childhood development are discussed. Maternal diet plays an integral role in shaping the bodily composition of the newborn, and thus may influence fetal genome stability and immune system development. Indeed, higher birth weights of newborns are associated with increased risk of ALL, which suggests in-utero biology may shape the evolution of preleukemic clones. Postnatally, the ingestion of maternal breastmilk both nourishes the infant, and provides essential components that strengthen and educate the developing immune system. Consistently, breast-feeding associates with decreased risk of ALL development. For children already suffering from ALL, certain dietary regimens have been proposed. These regimens, which have been validated in both animals and humans, alter the internal hormonal environment. Thus, hormonal regulation by diet may shape childhood metabolism and immunity in a manner that is detrimental to the evolution or expansion of preleukemic and leukemic ALL clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
| | - Christopher A. Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.A.M.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Neha M. Akella
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
- Correspondence: (C.A.M.); (N.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oxidative Stress, Folate Receptor Autoimmunity, and CSF Findings in Severe Infantile Autism. AUTISM RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2020; 2020:9095284. [PMID: 33294225 PMCID: PMC7688371 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9095284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Biomarkers such as oxidative stress, folate receptor alpha (FRα) autoimmunity, and abnormal brain serotonin turnover are common in autism. Methods Oxidative stress biomarkers with pro- and antioxidants were measured in the severe form of infantile autism (n = 38) and controls (n = 24). Children and parents had repeated testing for serum FR autoantibodies, spinal fluid dopamine and serotonin metabolites, pterins, and N5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF). Statistical analysis assessed correlations between variables. Genetic analysis included the SLC6A4 and SLC29A4 genes encoding synaptic serotonin reuptake proteins. Results Compared to controls, the autism group showed a significant increase in oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes, plasma ceruloplasmin and copper levels with a high copper/zinc ratio, thiol proteins, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Vitamin C levels were significantly diminished. In most autistic patients, the vitamin A (64%) and D (70%) levels were low. Serum FR autoantibodies fluctuating over 5–7 week periods presented in 68% of all autistic children, 41% of parents vs. 3.3% of control children and their parents. CSF showed lowered serotonin 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) metabolites in 13 (34%), a low 5HIAA to HVA (dopamine metabolite) ratio in 5 (13%), low 5HIAA and MTHF in 2 (5%), and low MTHF in 8 patients (21%). A known SLC6A4 mutation was identified only in 1 autistic child with low CSF 5HIAA and a novel SLC29A4 mutation was identified in identical twins. Low CSF MTHF levels among only 26% of subjects can be explained by the fluctuating FR antibody titers. Two or more aberrant pro-oxidant and/or antioxidant factors predisposed to low CSF serotonin metabolites. Three autistic children having low CSF 5HIAA and elevated oxidative stress received antioxidative supplements followed by CSF 5HIAA normalisation. Conclusion In autism, we found diverse combinations for FR autoimmunity and/or oxidative stress, both amenable to treatment. Parental and postnatal FR autoantibodies tend to block folate passage to the brain affecting folate-dependent pathways restored by folinic acid treatment, while an abnormal redox status tends to induce reduced serotonin turnover, corrected by antioxidant therapy. Trial Registration. The case-controlled study was approved in 2008 by the IRB at Liège University (Belgian Number: B70720083916). Lay Summary. Children with severe infantile autism frequently have serum folate receptor autoantibodies that block the transport of the essential vitamin folate across the blood-brain barrier to the brain. Parents are often asymptomatic carriers of these serum folate receptor autoantibodies, which in mothers can block folate passage across the placenta to their unborn child. This folate deficiency during the child's intrauterine development may predispose to neural tube defects and autism. Oxidative stress represents a condition with the presence of elevated toxic oxygen derivatives attributed to an imbalance between the formation and protection against these toxic reactive oxygen derivatives. Oxidative stress was found to be present in autistic children where these reactive oxygen derivatives can cause damage to DNA, which changes DNA function and regulation of gene expression. In addition, excessive amounts of these toxic oxygen derivatives are likely to damage the enzyme producing the neuromessenger serotonin in the brain, diminished in about 1/3 of the autistic children. Testing children with autism for oxidative stress and its origin, as well as testing for serum folate receptor autoantibodies, could open new approaches towards more effective treatments.
Collapse
|
20
|
Methneni N, Anthonissen R, Van de Maele J, Trifa F, Verschaeve L, Mansour HB, Mertens B. Assessment of natural coagulants to remediate Tunisian textile wastewater by combining physicochemical, analytical, and toxicological data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40088-40100. [PMID: 32656751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complexity and variability of textile wastewater composition, a constant search for new treatment strategies that are efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective is mandatory. In the present study, the efficiency of coagulation-flocculation using biocoagulants derived from cactus Opuntia ficus indica and eggplant Solanum melongena to remove toxic compounds from Tunisian textile wastewater samples was evaluated by combining assays to investigate physicochemical properties and in vitro (geno)toxicity with analytical chemistry. Both natural coagulants could significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the textile wastewater samples compared to the traditionally used chemical coagulant. The highest rate of decolorization was achieved after treatment with the cactus-derived coagulant. The analytical study revealed the presence of only crystal violet dye (CV) in only one sample. Both natural coagulants were able to remove CV, which may (partially) explain the decolorization of the treated samples. Only one untreated textile effluent induced a genotoxic response in the VITOTOX® assay. The genotoxic effect was not linked to the presence of CV and was no longer observed after treatment with each of the natural coagulants, suggesting the effectiveness of the remediation treatments to remove potentially genotoxic compound(s). However, in the other genotoxicity tests, no biologically relevant effects were observed for any of the tested samples. In conclusion, although the physicochemical data indicate that the use of natural coagulants (cactus and eggplant) could be an interesting alternative treatment process to the chemical coagulant for detoxifying textile effluents, these results were only partially supported by the toxicological and analytical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nosra Methneni
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel Anthonissen
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jolien Van de Maele
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatma Trifa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Birgit Mertens
- Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kakade A, Salama ES, Pengya F, Liu P, Li X. Long-term exposure of high concentration heavy metals induced toxicity, fatality, and gut microbial dysbiosis in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115293. [PMID: 32781213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) in an aquatic environment mainly affects fish, and thus, fish are convenient pollution bio-indicators. In this study, the toxic effects of HM mixture (chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu)) in 0 mg/L to 3.2 mg/L concentration range was investigated in Cyprinus carpio (28 days). HM accumulation, histopathology, oxidative stress, and gut microbial changes were evaluated. HMs accumulated in the order of Cr > Cu > Cd, primarily in the kidneys and finally scales. Reactive oxygen species generation increased in all exposure groups up to day 14, with maximum generation at 3.2 mg/L mixture, which later decreased on day 28 in all. Malondialdehydeand and superoxide dismutase levels increased from day 7 to 28 with increased HM concentrations, while total protein showed an inverse trend. Gill histopathology showed major changes such as uplifted and disintegrated primary lamella, and secondary lamella shortening. The kidneys were characterized by glomerular necrosis, Bowman's capsule expansion, and tubular space dilatation. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes abundance increased up to 59.4% and 99.16% in 0.8 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L treatment groups, respectively. This study provided a better understanding on the physiology and gut microbiota alteration in C. carpio under multiple HM stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Kakade
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Feng Pengya
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Pu Liu
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Xiangkai Li
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Singh N, Gupta VK, Doharey PK, Srivastava N, Kumar A, Sharma B. A Study on Redox Potential of Phytochemicals and their Impact on DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.14302/issn.2575-7881.jdrr-20-3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemicals are endowed with antioxidant activities because of the presence of plentiful polyphenols and many other phytochemicals. However, some recent reports have suggested that phytochemicals from certain plant species exhibit DNA damaging properties mainly due to presence of alkaloids. In the present study, pBR322, Salmonella typhi DNA, insect DNA and human DNA were treated with hexanolic extract of Argemone mexicana and Thevesia peruviana leaves to assess their DNA damaging abilities. Another set of experiments was carried out using the methanolic extracts of Citrus lemon leaves to assess their DNA protecting abilities from damage of DNA by extracts of A. mexicana and T. peruviana at 150000 ppm for all DNAs used. The results indicated that the leaves extract of A. mexicanaand T. peruviana demonstrated significant DNA damaging potential at higher concentrations. In contrast, the extracts from C. limonat 15000 ppm showed maximum DNA protective properties for all DNAs used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan K. Doharey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeharika Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shah S, Kalal BS. Oxidative stress in cervical cancer and its response to chemoradiation. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 16:124-128. [PMID: 31360587 PMCID: PMC6637784 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2019.19577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cervical cancer (CaCx) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with the great social and economic burden. Diagnoses in early stages can decrease mortality and morbidity rates. This study was conducted to evaluate the status of serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and copper concentrations among patients with CaCx to determine the level of oxidative stress and effect on which of chemoradiation. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with histopathologically proven CaCx who visited the department of oncology & gynaecology and 50 age-matched healthy females were selected for the study. Serum TAC, MDA, and copper were estimated in both study groups. The effect of chemoradiation on these was estimated in patients with CaCx. Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of the patients was 43.98±6.38 years, whereas that of the controls was 31.56±6.84 years. The mean serum copper and MDA concentrations in the patients was significantly higher as compared with the controls, whereas the mean TAC in the patients was reduced when compared with the controls. After chemoradiation, there was a significant increase and decrease in TAC and MDA, respectively, after chemoradiotherapy, whereas the changes in the copper concentrations were insignificant. Conclusion: These results suggest that patients with CaCx were in oxidative stress because the oxidative parameters in serum (copper, MDA) were increased and the defensive TAC was decreased in patients with CaCx and chemoradiotherapy improved their anti-oxidant capacity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the concurrent use of antioxidants with chemoradiotherapy for improving the disease prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Shah
- Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Yenepoya Medical College, Department of Biochemistry, Mangaluru, India.,Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal
- Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Yenepoya Medical College, Department of Biochemistry, Mangaluru, India.,A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, A. J. Research Centre, Mangaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Husain N, Mahmood R. Copper(II) generates ROS and RNS, impairs antioxidant system and damages membrane and DNA in human blood cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20654-20668. [PMID: 31104239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is widely used in various industries, and human exposure to this metal results in severe multi-organ toxicity, which is thought to be due to the generation of free radicals by Fenton-like reaction. The generation of reactive oxygen as well as nitrogen species and free radicals results in induction of oxidative stress in the cell. We have studied the effect of different concentrations of Cu(II) on human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Incubation of erythrocytes with copper chloride, a Cu(II) compound, enhanced the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, decreased glutathione and total sulphydryl content and increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. All changes were in a Cu(II) concentration-dependent manner. This strongly suggests that Cu(II) causes oxidative damage in erythrocytes. The activities of major antioxidant enzymes were altered, and antioxidant power was lowered. Cu(II) treatment also resulted in membrane damage in erythrocytes as seen by electron microscopy and lowered activities of plasma membrane-bound enzymes. Incubation of human lymphocytes with Cu(II) resulted in DNA damage when studied by the sensitive comet assay. These results show that Cu(II) exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human blood cells probably by enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jager M, Blokzijl F, Kuijk E, Bertl J, Vougioukalaki M, Janssen R, Besselink N, Boymans S, de Ligt J, Pedersen JS, Hoeijmakers J, Pothof J, van Boxtel R, Cuppen E. Deficiency of nucleotide excision repair is associated with mutational signature observed in cancer. Genome Res 2019; 29:1067-1077. [PMID: 31221724 PMCID: PMC6633256 DOI: 10.1101/gr.246223.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the main DNA repair pathways that protect cells against genomic damage. Disruption of this pathway can contribute to the development of cancer and accelerate aging. Mutational characteristics of NER-deficiency may reveal important diagnostic opportunities, as tumors deficient in NER are more sensitive to certain treatments. Here, we analyzed the genome-wide somatic mutational profiles of adult stem cells (ASCs) from NER-deficient Ercc1 -/Δ mice. Our results indicate that NER-deficiency increases the base substitution load twofold in liver but not in small intestinal ASCs, which coincides with the tissue-specific aging pathology observed in these mice. Moreover, NER-deficient ASCs of both tissues show an increased contribution of Signature 8 mutations, which is a mutational pattern with unknown etiology that is recurrently observed in various cancer types. The scattered genomic distribution of the base substitutions indicates that deficiency of global-genome NER (GG-NER) underlies the observed mutational consequences. In line with this, we observe increased Signature 8 mutations in a GG-NER-deficient human organoid culture, in which XPC was deleted using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing. Furthermore, genomes of NER-deficient breast tumors show an increased contribution of Signature 8 mutations compared with NER-proficient tumors. Elevated levels of Signature 8 mutations could therefore contribute to a predictor of NER-deficiency based on a patient's mutational profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Jager
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francis Blokzijl
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ewart Kuijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Bertl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Roel Janssen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolle Besselink
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Boymans
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joris Pothof
- Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Improving Outcome in Infantile Autism with Folate Receptor Autoimmunity and Nutritional Derangements: A Self-Controlled Trial. AUTISM RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2019; 2019:7486431. [PMID: 31316831 PMCID: PMC6604479 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7486431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background In contrast to multiple rare monogenetic abnormalities, a common biomarker among children with infantile autism and their parents is the discovery of serum autoantibodies directed to the folate receptor alpha (FRα) localized at blood-brain and placental barriers, impairing physiologic folate transfer to the brain and fetus. Since outcome after behavioral intervention remains poor, a trial was designed to treat folate receptor alpha (FRα) autoimmunity combined with correction of deficient nutrients due to abnormal feeding habits. Methods All participants with nonsyndromic infantile autism underwent a routine protocol measuring CBC, iron, vitamins, coenzyme Q10, metals, and trace elements. Serum FRα autoantibodies were assessed in patients, their parents, and healthy controls. A self-controlled therapeutic trial treated nutritional derangements with addition of high-dose folinic acid if FRα autoantibodies tested positive. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) monitored at baseline and following 2 years of treatment was compared to the CARS of untreated autistic children serving as a reference. Results In this self-controlled trial (82 children; mean age ± SD: 4.4 ± 2.3 years; male:female ratio: 4.8:1), FRα autoantibodies were found in 75.6 % of the children, 34.1 % of mothers, and 29.4 % of fathers versus 3.3 % in healthy controls. Compared to untreated patients with autism (n=84) whose CARS score remained unchanged, a 2-year treatment decreased the initial CARS score from severe (mean ± SD: 41.34 ± 6.47) to moderate or mild autism (mean ± SD: 34.35 ± 6.25; paired t-test p<0.0001), achieving complete recovery in 17/82 children (20.7 %). Prognosis became less favorable with the finding of higher FRα autoantibody titers, positive maternal FRα autoantibodies, or FRα antibodies in both parents. Conclusions Correction of nutritional deficiencies combined with high-dose folinic acid improved outcome for autism, although the trend of a poor prognosis due to maternal FRα antibodies or FRα antibodies in both parents may warrant folinic acid intervention before conception and during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Oxidative Stress-Tolerant Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Decrease Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Damage in Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures from Adult Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081858. [PMID: 30991705 PMCID: PMC6514841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes severe tissue injury of the central nervous system in ischemic brain damage (IBD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we used hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to induce oxidative stress in organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSCs), and investigated the protective effects of oxidative stress-tolerant (OST) stem cells harvested from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) which were co-cultivated with OBSCs. Using presto blue assay and immunostaining, we demonstrated that both normal SHED and OST-SHED could prevent H₂O₂-induced cell death, and increase the numbers of mature neuron and neuronal progenitors in the hippocampus of OBSCs. During co-cultivation, OST-SHED, but not normal SHED, exhibited neuronal cell morphology and expressed neuronal markers. Results from ELISA showed that both normal SHED and OST-SHED significantly decreased oxidative DNA damage in H₂O₂-treated OBSCs. SHED could also produce neurotrophic factor BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) and promoted the production of IL-6 in OBSCs. Although OST-SHED had lower cell viability, the neuronal protection of OST-SHED was significantly superior to that of normal SHED. Our findings suggest that SHED, especially OST-SHED, could prevent oxidative stress induced brain damage. OST-SHED can be explored as a new therapeutic tool for IBD, TBI and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Epigenetic information refers to heritable changes in gene expression that occur without modifications at the DNA sequence level. These changes are orchestrated by different epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, and the presence of noncoding RNAs. Epigenetic information regulates chromatin structure to confer cell-specific gene expression.The sperm epigenome is the result of three periods of global resetting during men's life. Germ cell epigenome reprogramming is designed to allow cell totipotency and to prevent the transmission of epimutations via spermatozoa. At the end of these reprogramming events, the sperm epigenome has a very specific epigenetic pattern that is a footprint of past reprogramming events and has an influence on embryo development.Several data demonstrate that not all regions of the epigenome are erased during the reprogramming periods, suggesting the transmission of epigenetic information from fathers to offspring via spermatozoa. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly clear that the sperm epigenome is sensitive to environmental factors during the process of gamete differentiation, suggesting the plasticity of the sperm epigenetic signature according to the circumstances of the individual's life.In this chapter, we provided strong evidences about the association between variations of the sperm epigenome and the exposure to environmental factors. Moreover, we will present data about how epigenetic mechanisms are candidates for transferring paternal environmental information to offspring.
Collapse
|
29
|
Guesmi F, Bellamine H, Landoulsi A. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and mediated brain injury attenuated by Thymus algeriensis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1275-1281. [PMID: 29800528 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, antioxidant enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels induced by hydrophobic fractions of Thymus algeriensis (HFTS) growing in Tunisia. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxidative stress inducer, acts by decreasing the body mass and brain mass of rats. Moreover, we found higher MDA levels in the group treated with H2O2 (P < 0.05) and a significantly lower activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as a reduction in reduced glutathione activity in the brain tissues of H2O2-treated rats when compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05); however, rats that received HFTS with H2O2 experienced a decrease in MDA levels in the brain. In contrast, HFTS demonstrated neuroprotective effects in rat brain. Overall, exposure to HFTS prior to H2O2 induced a marked dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species scavenger levels (P < 0.05) accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in MDA levels (P < 0.05) when compared with no exposure. Notably, the activity of AChE was affected by exposure to natural compounds; levels were significantly lower in HFTS-treated rats and in those treated with the combination of HFTS and a low or high dose of H2O2. Furthermore, histopathological analysis showed that brain injuries occurred with high doses of H2O2 administered alone or with a low dose of HFTS, whereas a high dose of essential oil markedly alleviated neurone degeneration. The results suggest that HFTS alleviates neuroinflammation by acting as an AChE inhibitor and attenuates H2O2-induced brain toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Guesmi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bellamine
- b Service of Anatomo-Pathology of Menzel Bourguiba, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Javeed A, Anjum AA, Sharif A, Saleem M, Mustafa G, Ashraf M, Saleem A, Akhtar B. Association of textile industry effluent with mutagenicity and its toxic health implications upon acute and sub-chronic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:179. [PMID: 29492685 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex industrial discharges pose certain risks to the ecosystem. This study was aimed at identifying acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of the textile industry wastewater. The textile wastewater was evaluated for the metals and organic pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. In vitro genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by Comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes isolated from Ovis aries and Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and 102 respectively. Physiological and behavioral changes along with systemic toxicity were determined in Rattus norvegicus albinus following acute and sub-chronic exposure. High amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, As, and Cd were detected in textile wastewater. Organic pollutants such as 25-deacetoxy cucurbitacin-b, E-14-Hexadecenal, 11-Tricosene, and phthalates were also found. In vitro genotoxicity assessment in lymphocytes showed statistically significant DNA damaging potential of textile wastewater. Textile wastewater also showed significantly higher (p˂ 0.05) mutagenic potential in Salmonella TA-100 and TA-102 strains than sodium azide and 2-amino anthracycline. Acute exposure of textile wastewater to Rattus norvegicus was associated with several physiological changes and behavioral symptoms. Sub-chronic exposure of textile wastewater in Rattus norvegicus instigated the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in renal tubules, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, peri-bronchiolar infiltration and emphysema of the alveoli, and the degradation of myocardial cells. This study concludes that the textile wastewater may cause genotoxicity and mutagenicity, result in physiological and behavioral changes upon acute exposure, and inflict various pathological lesions upon sub-chronic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moneeb Ashraf
- Post Graduate Medical Institute, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bunker SK, Dandapat J, Chainy GB, Sahoo SK, Nayak PK. Neonatal Exposure to 6-n-Propyl-Thiouracil, an Anti-Thyroid Drug, Alters Expression of Hepatic DNA Methyltransferases, Methyl CpG-Binding Proteins, Gadd45a, p53, and PCNA in Adult Male Rats. Eur Thyroid J 2017; 6:281-291. [PMID: 29234621 PMCID: PMC5704726 DOI: 10.1159/000479681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) exposure to male rats is reported to impair liver function in adulthood. However, the mechanism by which the drug impairs liver function is not well known. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of neonatal exposure of PTU on the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), methyl-DNA binding proteins (MBDs), Gadd45a, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in adult rat liver. METHODS The effects of neonatal transient (from birth to 30 days of age) and persistent (from birth to 90 days of age) treatment of PTU on DNA damage and on the expression of p53, PCNA, DNMTs, and MBDs were investigated at transcriptional and translational levels in male adult liver. RESULTS Persistent exposure to PTU from birth caused significant downregulation of expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a and upregulation of DNMT3b, MBD4, and Gadd45a without any damage to DNA. Although MeCp2 transcripts were significantly low in the liver of adult rats after persistent exposure to PTU compared to controls, its translated products were significantly higher than in controls. The expression of p53 and PCNA in PTU-treated rats was significantly higher and lower, respectively, than that in control rats. CONCLUSION The results suggest that neonatal exposure of male rats to PTU resulted in alteration in the expression of proteins that are associated with DNA methylation and genome stabilization in adult rat liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gagan B.N. Chainy
- *Gagan B.N. Chainy, Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 (India), E-Mail
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Thirugnanasampandan R, Ramya G, Gogulramnath M. Antigenotoxic and apoptotic activities of essential oil of Atalantia monophylla Correa. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:720-724. [PMID: 28066114 PMCID: PMC5155477 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.194866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study antigenotoxic and apoptotic activities of hydrodistilled essential oil from the leaves of Atalantia monophylla Correa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antigenotoxic activity of essential oil was tested against hydrogen peroxide (100 μM)-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in 3T3-L1 cells. Cervical cancer cell (HeLa) growth inhibitory effect of essential oil was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (FITC/PI), Hoechst 33258, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) staining techniques were used to identify apoptosis. RESULTS DNA protecting the activity of A. monophylla essential oil was high at 125 μg/mL. HeLa cell growth was inhibited dose-dependently and inhibitory concentration 50% was calculated as 43.08 ± 0.02 μg/mL. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining showed membrane breakage and nuclei staining. Further, Hoechst 33258 and AO/EtBr stain also confirmed the apoptosis in essential oil-treated HeLa cells. CONCLUSION The results obtained suggest that A. monophylla essential oil is a promising natural agent which may be used in preparation of herbal medicine to treat cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Thirugnanasampandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Bioprospection, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunasekar Ramya
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Bioprospection, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madusudhanan Gogulramnath
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Bioprospection, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Keskin C, Aktepe N, Yükselten Y, Sunguroglu A, Boğa M. In-vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities and Anti-Genotoxic Effects of Hypericum retusum Aucher Flowers, Fruits and Seeds Methanol Extracts in Human Mononuclear Leukocytes. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2017; 16:210-220. [PMID: 28496476 PMCID: PMC5423248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the antioxidant, anticancer, anticholinesterase, anti-genotoxic activities and phenolic contents of flower, fruit and seed methanol extracts of Hypericum retusum AUCHER. The amounts of protocatechuic acid, catechin, caffeic acid and syringic acid in methanol extracts were determined by HPLC. Total phenolic content of H. retusum seed extract was found more than fruit and flower extracts. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of flower and seed methanol extracts showed close activity versus BHT as control. Among three extracts of H. retusum only flower methanol extract was exhibited considerable cytotoxic activities against to HeLa and NRK-52E cell lines. Moreover, seed methanol extract showed both acetyl and butyrl-cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The highest anti-genotoxic effects were seen 25 and 50 μg/mL concentrations. In this study, the extracts showed a strong antioxidant and anti-genotoxic effect. The seed extract was more efficient- than extracts of fruit and flowers. Our results suggest that the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic effects of extracts depend on their phenolic contents. Further studies should evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo the benefits of H. retusum seed methanol extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cumali Keskin
- Mardin Artuklu University, School of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mardin, Turkey.
| | - Necmettin Aktepe
- Mardin Artuklu University, School of Health, Department of Nursing, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Yunus Yükselten
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asuman Sunguroglu
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Boğa
- Dicle University, Faculty of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmasotic Technology, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu Y, Cui Y, Niedernhofer LJ, Wang Y. Occurrence, Biological Consequences, and Human Health Relevance of Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2008-2039. [PMID: 27989142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of endogenous and exogenous agents can induce DNA damage and lead to genomic instability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important class of DNA damaging agents, are constantly generated in cells as a consequence of endogenous metabolism, infection/inflammation, and/or exposure to environmental toxicants. A wide array of DNA lesions can be induced by ROS directly, including single-nucleobase lesions, tandem lesions, and hypochlorous acid (HOCl)/hypobromous acid (HOBr)-derived DNA adducts. ROS can also lead to lipid peroxidation, whose byproducts can also react with DNA to produce exocyclic DNA lesions. A combination of bioanalytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and molecular biology approaches have provided significant insights into the occurrence, repair, and biological consequences of oxidatively induced DNA lesions. The involvement of these lesions in the etiology of human diseases and aging was also investigated in the past several decades, suggesting that the oxidatively induced DNA adducts, especially bulky DNA lesions, may serve as biomarkers for exploring the role of oxidative stress in human diseases. The continuing development and improvement of LC-MS/MS coupled with the stable isotope-dilution method for DNA adduct quantification will further promote research about the clinical implications and diagnostic applications of oxidatively induced DNA adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Houle CD, Ton TVT, Clayton N, Huff J, Hong HHL, Sills RC. Frequent p53 and H-ras Mutations in Benzene- and Ethylene Oxide-Induced Mammary Gland Carcinomas from B6C3F1 Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 34:752-62. [PMID: 17162533 DOI: 10.1080/01926230600935912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzene and ethylene oxide are multisite carcinogens in rodents and classified as human carcinogens by the National Toxicology Program. In 2-year mouse studies, both chemicals induced mammary carcinomas. We examined spontaneous, benzene-, and ethylene oxide-induced mouse mammary carcinomas for p53 protein expression, using immunohistochemistry, and p53 (exons 5–8) and H -ras (codon 61) mutations using cycle sequencing techniques. p53 protein expression was detected in 42% (8/19) of spontaneous, 43% (6/14) of benzene-, and 67% (8/12) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. However, semiquantitative evaluation of p53 protein expression revealed that benzene- and ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas exhibited expression levels five- to six-fold higher than spontaneous carcinomas. p53 mutations were found in 58% (7/12) of spontaneous, 57% (8/14) of benzene-, and 67% (8/12) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. H -ras mutations were identified in 26% (5/19) of spontaneous, 50% (7/14) of benzene-, and 33% (4/12) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. When H- ras mutations were present, concurrent p53 mutations were identified in 40% (2/5) of spontaneous, 71% (5/7) of benzene-, and 75% (3/4) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. Our results demonstrate that p53 and H -ras mutations are relatively common in control and chemically induced mouse mammary carcinomas although both chemicals can alter the mutational spectra and more commonly induce concurrent mutations.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzene
- Carcinogens
- Codon
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Ethylene Oxide
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, ras
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mutation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rodent Diseases/chemically induced
- Rodent Diseases/genetics
- Rodent Diseases/metabolism
- Rodent Diseases/pathology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Houle
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou XY, Zhang T, Ren L, Wu JJ, Wang W, Liu JX. Copper elevated embryonic hemoglobin through reactive oxygen species during zebrafish erythrogenesis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:1-11. [PMID: 26991749 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper, as an essential trace mineral, can cause diseases such as childhood leukemia at excess levels, but has been applied in anemia therapy for a long time. However, few reports have studied its role during hematopoiesis at the molecular level in an animal model. In this study, by microarray, qRT-PCR, whole-mount in situ hybridization and O-dianisidine staining detections, we revealed the increased expression of hemoglobin in copper-exposed embryos. Secondly, we found that copper-exposed embryos exhibited high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and genes in oxygen binding and oxygen transporting were up-regulated in the embryos. Finally, we found that ROS scavengers NAC, GSH, and DMTU not only inhibited in vivo ROS levels induced by copper, but also significantly decreased high expression of hemoglobin back to almost normal levels in copper exposed embryos, and also helped with copper elimination from the embryos. Our data first demonstrated that ROS mediated copper induced hemoglobin expression in vertebrates, partly revealing the underlying molecular mechanism of copper therapy for anemia. Moreover, we revealed that copper homeostasis was broken by its induced ROS and ROS helped with copper overloading in the body, which could be applied as a novel therapy target for copper-caused diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Long Ren
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan, Changde 415000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Javeed A, Anjum AA, Sharif A, Saleem A, Akhtar B, Khan AM, Altaf I. Toxicity Appraisal of Untreated Dyeing Industry Wastewater Based on Chemical Characterization and Short Term Bioassays. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 96:502-507. [PMID: 26920697 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing wastewaters only on a chemical basis may be insufficient owing to their complex nature. The purpose of this study was to assess toxicity of textile dyeing wastewater based on analytical techniques and short term toxicity based bioassays. In this study, screening of the fractionated wastewater through GC-MS showed the presence of phenols, phthalic acid derivatives and chlorpyrifos. Metal analysis revealed that chromium, arsenic and mercury were present in amounts higher than the wastewater discharge limits. Textile dyeing wastewater was found to be highly mutagenic in the Ames test. DNA damage in sheep lymphocytes decreased linearly with an increase in the dilution of wastewater. MTT assay showed that 8.3 percent v/v wastewater decreased cell survival percentage to 50 %. It can be concluded from this study that short term toxicity tests such as Ames test, in vitro comet assay, and cytotoxicity assays may serve as useful indicators of wastewater pollution along with their organic and inorganic chemical characterizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Muqeet Khan
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Altaf
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Anjum AA, Javeed A, Sharif A, Saleem A, Akhtar B. Textile industrial effluent induces mutagenicity and oxidative DNA damage and exploits oxidative stress biomarkers in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 41:180-186. [PMID: 26710178 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to complex mixtures like textile effluent poses risks to animal and human health such as mutations, genotoxicity and oxidative damage. Aim of the present study was to quantify metals in industrial effluent and to determine its mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic potential and effects on oxidative stress biomarkers in effluent exposed rats. Metal analysis revealed presence of high amounts of zinc, copper, chromium, iron, arsenic and mercury in industrial effluent. Ames test with/without enzyme activation and MTT assay showed strong association of industrial effluent with mutagenicity and cytotoxicity respectively. In-vitro comet assay revealed evidence of high oxidative DNA damage. When Wistar rats were exposed to industrial effluent in different dilutions for 60 days, then activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase and hydrogen peroxide concentration were found to be significantly lower in kidney, liver and blood/plasma of effluent exposed rats than control. Vitamin C in a dose of 50 mg/kg/day significantly reduced oxidative effects of effluent in rats. On the basis of this study it is concluded that industrial effluent may cause mutagenicity, in-vitro oxidative stress-related DNA damage and cytotoxicity and may be associated with oxidative stress in rats. Vitamin C may have ameliorating effect when exposed to effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wu G, Sun J, Yu S, Dong Q, Zhuang G, Liu W, Lin J, Qu Y. Improved activity of the Cel5A endoglucanase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants defective in oxidative stress defense mechanisms. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1081-9. [PMID: 25650342 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Developing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae system for optimizing the expression of recombinant eukaryotic proteins. RESULTS Two deletion mutants, which were hypersensitive to H2O2, were obtained by knocking out CTT1 and SOD2, respectively. The mutation rate of the mutants was up to over 4000 times of the spontaneous mutation rate when treated with H2O2. Endoglucanase Cel5A was used as a model enzyme to evaluate the system for improving the expression of the recombinant protein. Sixteen mutants of the RDKY3615 (ctt1∆) transformant and seven mutants of the RDKY3615 (sod2∆) transformant had significantly high Cel5A activity, while none mutants of the RDKY3615 transformant had significantly high enzyme activity. CONCLUSION The combination of deletion mutagenesis and H2O2 treatment greatly accelerate the generation of genetic variants and will be a useful tool in improving the heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Wu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ingle SA, Kate AN, Kumbhar AA, Khan AA, Rao SS, Gejji SP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of copper(ii) pyrenethiosemicarbazone. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00020c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent Cu(ii) pyrenethiosemicarbazone complex exhibits enhanced DNA-cleavage and cytotoxicity on photoexcitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwarna A. Ingle
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| | - Anup N. Kate
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| | - Anupa A. Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| | - Ayesha A. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| | - Soniya S. Rao
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| | - Shridhar P. Gejji
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Epigenetic and genetic alterations contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression without alterations in DNA sequences. Epigenetic changes are reversible and include key processes of DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, nucleosome positioning, and alterations in noncoding RNA profiles. Disruptions in epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and cellular neoplastic transformation. Epigenetic modifications precede genetic changes and usually occur at an early stage in neoplastic development. Recent technological advances offer a better understanding of the underlying epigenetic alterations during carcinogenesis and provide insight into the discovery of putative epigenetic biomarkers for detection, prognosis, risk assessment, and disease monitoring. In this chapter we provide information on various epigenetic mechanisms and their role in carcinogenesis, in particular, epigenetic modifications causing genetic changes and the potential clinical impact of epigenetic research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnee Kanwal
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
El-Said KS, Ali EM, Kanehira K, Taniguchi A. Molecular mechanism of DNA damage induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in toll-like receptor 3 or 4 expressing human hepatocarcinoma cell lines. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:48. [PMID: 25441061 PMCID: PMC4260178 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in the biological sciences. The increasing use of TiO2 NPs increases the risk of humans and the environment being exposed to NPs. We previously showed that toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the interactions between NPs and cells. Our previous results indicated that TLR4 increased the DNA damage response induced by TiO2 NPs, due to enhanced NP uptake into the cytoplasm, whereas TLR3 expression decreased the DNA damage response induced by TiO2 NPs because of NP retention in the endosome. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of the DNA damage response induced by TiO2 NPs using TLR3 or TLR4 transfected cells. We examined the effect of TLR3 or TLR4 over-expression on oxidative stress and the effect of DNA damage induced by TiO2 NPs on gene expression levels. Results Our results showed evidence for elevated oxidative stress, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with increased hydrogen peroxide levels, decreased glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione and activated caspase-3 levels in cells exposed for 48 h to 10 μg/ml TiO2 NPs. These effects were enhanced by TLR4 and reduced by TLR3 over-expression. Seventeen genes related to DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis were induced, particularly IP6K3 and ATM. Conclusion Our results indicated that TiO2 NPs induced ROS, and the above molecules are implicated in the genotoxicity induced by TiO2 NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Samy El-Said
- Cell-Material Interaction Group, Biomaterial Unit, Nano-Bio Field, Interaction Center for Material Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Mostafa Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Koki Kanehira
- Biotechnology Group, TOTO Ltd. Research Institute, Honson 2-8-1, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, 253-8577, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Taniguchi
- Cell-Material Interaction Group, Biomaterial Unit, Nano-Bio Field, Interaction Center for Material Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan. .,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan. .,National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bogosavljević V, Bajčetić M, Spasojević I. Comparative analysis of antioxidative systems in malignant and benign brain tumours. Redox Rep 2014; 20:69-74. [PMID: 25247681 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comparison of redox conditions in malignant and benign tumours is essential for understanding the role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of aggressive cancer profiles. Here we compare antioxidative systems in highly malignant brain tumour - glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and in meningioma, a benign brain tumour. METHODS Tumour tissues and blood of 67 GBM patients (mean age: 52.9 ± 11.5 years) and 67 meningioma patients (59.2 ± 10.2 years), and blood of 30 control subjects (50.8 ± 12.8 years) were analysed via biochemical assays. RESULTS Components of glutathione system, which is responsible for H2O2 removal, showed lower activity/level in GBM: glutathione peroxidase (GBM: 9.90 ± 0.22; meningioma: 11.78 ± 0.23 U/mg of proteins; P < 0.001), glutathione reductase (GBM: 3.83 ± 0.13; meningioma: 4.67 ± 0.11 U/mg of proteins; P < 0.001), and glutathione (GBM: 6.70 ± 0.12; meningioma: 7.58 ± 0.14 μmol/g of tissue; P < 0.001). In contrast, the rank order of glutathione reductase activity and glutathione level in erythrocytes was: GBM > meningioma > control. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were lower in the blood of cancer patients compared to controls. DISCUSSION Cells of malignant brain tumour show down-regulated antioxidative system which might result in increased levels of H2O2 compared to benign tumour tissue.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sassa A, Çağlayan M, Dyrkheeva NS, Beard WA, Wilson SH. Base excision repair of tandem modifications in a methylated CpG dinucleotide. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13996-4008. [PMID: 24695738 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.557769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine methylation and demethylation in tracks of CpG dinucleotides is an epigenetic mechanism for control of gene expression. The initial step in the demethylation process can be deamination of 5-methylcytosine producing the TpG alteration and T:G mispair, and this step is followed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) initiated base excision repair (BER). A further consideration is that guanine in the CpG dinucleotide may become oxidized to 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), and this could affect the demethylation process involving TDG-initiated BER. However, little is known about the enzymology of BER of altered in-tandem CpG dinucleotides; e.g. Tp8-oxoG. Here, we investigated interactions between this altered dinucleotide and purified BER enzymes, the DNA glycosylases TDG and 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1, DNA polymerase β, and DNA ligases. The overall TDG-initiated BER of the Tp8-oxoG dinucleotide is significantly reduced. Specifically, TDG and DNA ligase activities are reduced by a 3'-flanking 8-oxoG. In contrast, the OGG1-initiated BER pathway is blocked due to the 5'-flanking T:G mispair; this reduces OGG1, AP endonuclease 1, and DNA polymerase β activities. Furthermore, in TDG-initiated BER, TDG remains bound to its product AP site blocking OGG1 access to the adjacent 8-oxoG. These results reveal BER enzyme specificities enabling suppression of OGG1-initiated BER and coordination of TDG-initiated BER at this tandem alteration in the CpG dinucleotide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sassa
- From the Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 and
| | - Melike Çağlayan
- From the Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 and
| | - Nadezhda S Dyrkheeva
- From the Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 and Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - William A Beard
- From the Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 and
| | - Samuel H Wilson
- From the Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 and
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Contributions of intrinsic mutation rate and selfish selection to levels of de novo HRAS mutations in the paternal germline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20152-7. [PMID: 24259709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311381110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS proto-oncogene Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) encodes a small GTPase that transduces signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors to control cellular behavior. Although somatic HRAS mutations have been described in many cancers, germline mutations cause Costello syndrome (CS), a congenital disorder associated with predisposition to malignancy. Based on the epidemiology of CS and the occurrence of HRAS mutations in spermatocytic seminoma, we proposed that activating HRAS mutations become enriched in sperm through a process akin to tumorigenesis, termed selfish spermatogonial selection. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the levels, in blood and sperm samples, of HRAS mutations at the p.G12 codon and compared the results to changes at the p.A11 codon, at which activating mutations do not occur. The data strongly support the role of selection in determining HRAS mutation levels in sperm, and hence the occurrence of CS, but we also found differences from the mutation pattern in tumorigenesis. First, the relative prevalence of mutations in sperm correlates weakly with their in vitro activating properties and occurrence in cancers. Second, specific tandem base substitutions (predominantly GC>TT/AA) occur in sperm but not in cancers; genomewide analysis showed that this same mutation is also overrepresented in constitutional pathogenic and polymorphic variants, suggesting a heightened vulnerability to these mutations in the germline. We developed a statistical model to show how both intrinsic mutation rate and selfish selection contribute to the mutational burden borne by the paternal germline.
Collapse
|
46
|
DNA mismatch repair system: repercussions in cellular homeostasis and relationship with aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:728430. [PMID: 23213348 PMCID: PMC3504481 DOI: 10.1155/2012/728430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that concern DNA repair have been studied in the last years due to their consequences in cellular homeostasis. The diverse and damaging stimuli that affect DNA integrity, such as changes in the genetic sequence and modifications in gene expression, can disrupt the steady state of the cell and have serious repercussions to pathways that regulate apoptosis, senescence, and cancer. These altered pathways not only modify cellular and organism longevity, but quality of life (“health-span”). The DNA mismatch repair system (MMR) is highly conserved between species; its role is paramount in the preservation of DNA integrity, placing it as a necessary focal point in the study of pathways that prolong lifespan, aging, and disease. Here, we review different insights concerning the malfunction or absence of the DNA-MMR and its impact on cellular homeostasis. In particular, we will focus on DNA-MMR mechanisms regulated by known repair proteins MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and MHL1, among others.
Collapse
|
47
|
Sassa A, Beard WA, Prasad R, Wilson SH. DNA sequence context effects on the glycosylase activity of human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36702-10. [PMID: 22989888 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) is a key enzyme involved in removing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a highly mutagenic DNA lesion generated by oxidative stress. The removal of 8-oxoG by OGG1 is affected by the local DNA sequence, and this feature most likely contributes to observed mutational hot spots in genomic DNA. To elucidate the influence of local DNA sequence on 8-oxoG excision activity of OGG1, we conducted steady-state, pre-steady-state, and single turnover kinetic evaluation of OGG1 in alternate DNA sequence contexts. The sequence context effect was studied for a mutational hot spot at a CpG dinucleotide. Altering either the global DNA sequence or the 5'-flanking unmodified base pair failed to influence the excision of 8-oxoG. Methylation of the cytosine 5' to 8-oxoG also did not affect 8-oxoG excision. In contrast, a 5'-neighboring mismatch strongly decreased the rate of 8-oxoG base removal. Substituting the 5'-C in the CpG dinucleotide with T, A, or tetrahydrofuran (i.e. T:G, A:G, and tetrahydrofuran:G mispairs) resulted in a 10-, 13-, and 4-fold decrease in the rate constant for 8-oxoG excision, respectively. A greater loss in activity was observed when T:C or A:C was positioned 5' of 8-oxoG (59- and 108-fold, respectively). These results indicate that neighboring structural abnormalities 5' to 8-oxoG deter its repair thereby enhancing its mutagenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sassa
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic events. The complexity of carcinogenesis cannot be accounted for by genetic alterations alone but also involves epigenetic changes. Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms that alter gene expression without altering the primary DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are heritable and reversible, and include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and small noncoding microRNAs (miRNA). Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Aberrant epigenetic modifications probably occur at a very early stage in neoplastic development, and they are widely described as essential players in cancer progression. Recent advances in epigenetics offer a better understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis and provide insight into the discovery of putative cancer biomarkers for early detection, disease monitoring, prognosis, and risk assessment. In this review, we summarize the current literature on epigenetic changes causing genetic alterations that are thought to contribute to cancer, and discuss the potential impact of epigenetics future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kanwal
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
The dietary phase 2 protein inducer sulforaphane can normalize the kidney epigenome and improve blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:229-35. [PMID: 22052072 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have shown that broccoli sprouts high in the glucosinolate glucoraphanin decreases renal and vascular oxidative stress and inflammation as well as blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHRSP) rats. The objective of this study was to determine whether the metabolite of glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, was responsible for this improved blood pressure and whether this is associated with normalization of renal methylated DNA. METHODS Sulforaphane was given by gavage to SHRSP and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats over 4 months and blood pressure measured under anesthesia just before euthanasia. Renovascular morphology was determined by histology and methylated deoxycytosine levels analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure was 20% higher in vehicle-treated SHRSP when compared to SD. Sulforaphane administration to SHRSP improved blood pressure and lowered this difference to 11%. Vehicle-treated SHRSP had significantly increased wall:lumen ratios in renal arteries, increased numbers of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), increased renal protein nitration, and decreased (11%) renal DNA methylation compared to SD. Sulforaphane administration to SHRSP significantly lowered arterial wall:lumen ratio by 35%, reduced the number of VSMCs, reduced the level of protein nitration, and increased methylated deoxycytosine levels by 14%. CONCLUSIONS Sulforaphane administration rectified pathological abnormalities in SHRSP kidneys and significantly improved blood pressure. This was associated with normalization of global kidney DNA methylation suggesting that DNA methylation could be associated with hypertension.
Collapse
|
50
|
Christophersen OA. Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2012; 23:14787. [PMID: 23990836 PMCID: PMC3747764 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v23i0.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are several animal experiments showing that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to strongly enhanced leakage of taurine from damaged cells into the extracellular fluid, followed by enhanced urinary excretion. This radiation-induced taurine depletion can itself have various harmful effects (as will also be the case when taurine depletion is due to other causes, such as alcohol abuse or cancer therapy with cytotoxic drugs), but taurine supplementation has been shown to have radioprotective effects apparently going beyond what might be expected just as a consequence of correcting the harmful consequences of taurine deficiency per se. The mechanisms accounting for the radioprotective effects of taurine are, however, very incompletely understood. In this article an attempt is made to survey various mechanisms that potentially might be involved as parts of the explanation for the overall beneficial effect of high levels of taurine that has been found in experiments with animals or isolated cells exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. It is proposed that taurine may have radioprotective effects by a combination of several mechanisms: (1) during the exposure to ionizing radiation by functioning as an antioxidant, but perhaps more because it counteracts the prooxidant catalytic effect of iron rather than functioning as an important scavenger of harmful molecules itself, (2) after the ionizing radiation exposure by helping to reduce the intensity of the post-traumatic inflammatory response, and thus reducing the extent of tissue damage that develops because of severe inflammation rather than as a direct effect of the ionizing radiation per se, (3) by functioning as a growth factor helping to enhance the growth rate of leukocytes and leukocyte progenitor cells and perhaps also of other rapidly proliferating cell types, such as enterocyte progenitor cells, which may be important for immunological recovery and perhaps also for rapid repair of various damaged tissues, especially in the intestines, and (4) by functioning as an antifibrogenic agent. A detailed discussion is given of possible mechanisms involved both in the antioxidant effects of taurine, in its anti-inflammatory effects and in its role as a growth factor for leukocytes and nerve cells, which might be closely related to its role as an osmolyte important for cellular volume regulation because of the close connection between cell volume regulation and the regulation of protein synthesis as well as cellular protein degradation. While taurine supplementation alone would be expected to exert a therapeutic effect far better than negligible in patients that have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, it may on theoretical grounds be expected that much better results may be obtained by using taurine as part of a multifactorial treatment strategy, where it may interact synergistically with several other nutrients, hormones or other drugs for optimizing antioxidant protection and minimizing harmful posttraumatic inflammatory reactions, while using other nutrients to optimize DNA and tissue repair processes, and using a combination of good diet, immunostimulatory hormones and perhaps other nontoxic immunostimulants (such as beta-glucans) for optimizing the recovery of antiviral and antibacterial immune functions. Similar multifactorial treatment strategies may presumably be helpful in several other disease situations (including severe infectious diseases and severe asthma) as well as for treatment of acute intoxications or acute injuries (both mechanical ones and severe burns) where severely enhanced oxidative and/or nitrative stress and/or too much secretion of vasodilatory neuropeptides from C-fibres are important parts of the pathogenetic mechanisms that may lead to the death of the patient. Some case histories (with discussion of some of those mechanisms that may have been responsible for the observed therapeutic outcome) are given for illustration of the likely validity of these concepts and their relevance both for treatment of severe infections and non-infectious inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
|