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Kubaczka MG, Godoy Herz MA, Chen WC, Zheng D, Petrillo E, Tian B, Kornblihtt AR. Light regulates widespread plant alternative polyadenylation through the chloroplast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405632121. [PMID: 39150783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405632121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding genes generates immature mRNAs that are subjected to a series of processing events, including capping, splicing, cleavage, and polyadenylation (CPA), and chemical modifications of bases. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) greatly contributes to mRNA diversity in the cell. By determining the length of the 3' untranslated region, APA generates transcripts with different regulatory elements, such as miRNA and RBP binding sites, which can influence mRNA stability, turnover, and translation. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, APA is involved in the control of seed dormancy and flowering. In view of the physiological importance of APA in plants, we decided to investigate the effects of light/dark conditions and compare the underlying mechanisms to those elucidated for alternative splicing (AS). We found that light controls APA in approximately 30% of Arabidopsis genes. Similar to AS, the effect of light on APA requires functional chloroplasts, is not affected in mutants of the phytochrome and cryptochrome photoreceptor pathways, and is observed in roots only when the communication with the photosynthetic tissues is not interrupted. Furthermore, mitochondrial and TOR kinase activities are necessary for the effect of light. However, unlike AS, coupling with transcriptional elongation does not seem to be involved since light-dependent APA regulation is neither abolished in mutants of the TFIIS transcript elongation factor nor universally affected by chromatin relaxation caused by histone deacetylase inhibition. Instead, regulation seems to correlate with changes in the abundance of constitutive CPA factors, also mediated by the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guillermina Kubaczka
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular and CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Micaela A Godoy Herz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular and CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Dinghai Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Ezequiel Petrillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular and CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, and Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alberto R Kornblihtt
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular and CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
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2
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Yasin S, Lesko SL, Kharytonchyk S, Brown JD, Chaudry I, Geleta SA, Tadzong NF, Zheng MY, Patel HB, Kengni G, Neubert E, Quiambao JMC, Becker G, Ghinger FG, Thapa S, Williams A, Radov MH, Boehlert KX, Hollmann NM, Singh K, Bruce JW, Marchant J, Telesnitsky A, Sherer NM, Summers MF. Role of RNA structural plasticity in modulating HIV-1 genome packaging and translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2407400121. [PMID: 39110735 PMCID: PMC11331132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2407400121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 transcript function is controlled in part by twinned transcriptional start site usage, where 5' capped RNAs beginning with a single guanosine (1G) are preferentially packaged into progeny virions as genomic RNA (gRNA) whereas those beginning with three sequential guanosines (3G) are retained in cells as mRNAs. In 3G transcripts, one of the additional guanosines base pairs with a cytosine located within a conserved 5' polyA element, resulting in formation of an extended 5' polyA structure as opposed to the hairpin structure formed in 1G RNAs. To understand how this remodeling influences overall transcript function, we applied in vitro biophysical studies with in-cell genome packaging and competitive translation assays to native and 5' polyA mutant transcripts generated with promoters that differentially produce 1G or 3G RNAs. We identified mutations that stabilize the 5' polyA hairpin structure in 3G RNAs, which promote RNA dimerization and Gag binding without sequestering the 5' cap. None of these 3G transcripts were competitively packaged, confirming that cap exposure is a dominant negative determinant of viral genome packaging. For all RNAs examined, conformations that favored 5' cap exposure were both poorly packaged and more efficiently translated than those that favored 5' cap sequestration. We propose that structural plasticity of 5' polyA and other conserved RNA elements place the 5' leader on a thermodynamic tipping point for low-energetic (~3 kcal/mol) control of global transcript structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Yasin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Sydney L. Lesko
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Siarhei Kharytonchyk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109-5620
| | - Joshua D. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Issac Chaudry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Samuel A. Geleta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Ndeh F. Tadzong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Mei Y. Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Heer B. Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Gabriel Kengni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Emma Neubert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | | | - Ghazal Becker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Frances Grace Ghinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Sreeyasha Thapa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - A’Lyssa Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Michelle H. Radov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Kellie X. Boehlert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Nele M. Hollmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
- HHMI, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD21250
| | - Karndeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - James W. Bruce
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Jan Marchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
| | - Alice Telesnitsky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109-5620
| | - Nathan M. Sherer
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Michael F. Summers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
- HHMI, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD21250
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD21250
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3
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Kowalski MH, Wessels HH, Linder J, Dalgarno C, Mascio I, Choudhary S, Hartman A, Hao Y, Kundaje A, Satija R. Multiplexed single-cell characterization of alternative polyadenylation regulators. Cell 2024; 187:4408-4425.e23. [PMID: 38925112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Most mammalian genes have multiple polyA sites, representing a substantial source of transcript diversity regulated by the cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) machinery. To better understand how these proteins govern polyA site choice, we introduce CPA-Perturb-seq, a multiplexed perturbation screen dataset of 42 CPA regulators with a 3' scRNA-seq readout that enables transcriptome-wide inference of polyA site usage. We develop a framework to detect perturbation-dependent changes in polyadenylation and characterize modules of co-regulated polyA sites. We find groups of intronic polyA sites regulated by distinct components of the nuclear RNA life cycle, including elongation, splicing, termination, and surveillance. We train and validate a deep neural network (APARENT-Perturb) for tandem polyA site usage, delineating a cis-regulatory code that predicts perturbation response and reveals interactions between regulatory complexes. Our work highlights the potential for multiplexed single-cell perturbation screens to further our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline H Kowalski
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans-Hermann Wessels
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Johannes Linder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Isabella Mascio
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saket Choudhary
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yuhan Hao
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Satija
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Han Y, Tu W, Zhang Y, Huang J, Meng X, Wu Q, Li S, Liu B, Michal JJ, Jiang Z, Tan Y, Zhou X, Wang H. Comprehensive analysis of single-nucleotide variants and alternative polyadenylation between inbred and outbred pigs. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134416. [PMID: 39098700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Inbreeding can lead to the accumulation of homozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome, which can significantly affect gene expression and phenotype. In this study, we examined the impact of homozygous SNPs resulting from inbreeding on alternative polyadenylation (APA) site selection and the underlying genetic mechanisms using inbred Luchuan pigs. Genome resequencing revealed that inbreeding results in a high accumulation of homozygous SNPs within the pig genome. 3' mRNA-seq on leg muscle, submandibular lymph node, and liver tissues was performed to identify differences in APA events between inbred and outbred Luchuan pigs. We revealed different tissue-specific APA usage caused by inbreeding, which were associated with different biological processes. Furthermore, we explored the role of polyadenylation signal (PAS) SNPs in APA regulation under inbreeding and identified key genes such as PUM1, SCARF1, RIPOR2, C1D, and LRRK2 that are involved in biological processes regulation. This study provides resources and sheds light on the impact of genomic homozygosity on APA regulation, offering insights into genetic characteristics and biological processes associated with inbreeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weilong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Ji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiangge Meng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jennifer J Michal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yongsong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China.
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5
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Li X, Che Y, Wang X, Zhu Y. A pan-cancer analysis of the core pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors, and their association with prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and potential targets. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17428. [PMID: 39075070 PMCID: PMC11286879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a crucial mechanism for regulating gene expression during pre-mRNA 3' processing. Pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors is the main factor involved in this process. However, pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors in different cancer expression profiles and the relationship between pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors and tumor microenvironment and the prognosis of the same patient is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive exploration of the core pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors across various cancer types by utilizing common cancer database, and revealing a robust correlation between the expression of these core factors and tumor characteristics. Leveraging advanced bioinformatics databases, we evaluated the expression levels and prognostic relevance of pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors across pan-cancer tissues. Our extensive pan-cancer analysis revealed unique expression patterns of pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors in both tumor and adjacent non-tumorous tissues. Notably, we found a significant correlation between the expression levels of pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors and patient prognosis. Furthermore, we identified strong associations between pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors expression and various factors, such as stromal, immune, RNA stemness, and DNA stemness scores across pan-cancer tissues. Our data also highlighted a link between the expression of pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors and sensitivity to specific drugs, including pyrazoloacndine, amonaflide, and chelerythrinede, among others. We found four key pre-mRNA 3' end processing factors that play a crucial role in mRNA preprocessing. Our study illuminates the potential promotion and inhibition role of pre-mRNA 3' end processing regulators in the progression of cancer, CPSF2, CPSF3, CSTF2, SYMPK offering valuable insights for future research investigations on these regulators as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets across pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Che
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Liu X, Xie H, Liu W, Zuo J, Li S, Tian Y, Zhao J, Bai M, Li J, Bao L, Han J, Zhang ZC. Dynamic regulation of alternative polyadenylation by PQBP1 during neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114525. [PMID: 39037895 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a critical post-transcriptional process that generates mRNA isoforms with distinct 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs), thereby regulating mRNA localization, stability, and translational efficiency. Cell-type-specific APA extensively shapes the diversity of the cellular transcriptome, particularly during cell fate transition. Despite its recognized significance, the precise regulatory mechanisms governing cell-type-specific APA remain unclear. In this study, we uncover PQBP1 as an emerging APA regulator that actively maintains cell-specific APA profiles in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and delicately manages the equilibrium between NPC proliferation and differentiation. Multi-omics analysis shows that PQBP1 directly interacts with the upstream UGUA elements, impeding the recruitment of the CFIm complex and influencing polyadenylation site selection within genes associated with the cell cycle. Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PQBP1 orchestrates dynamic APA changes during neurogenesis, providing valuable insights into the precise regulation of cell-type-specific APA and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | | | - Meizhu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Junhai Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Zi Chao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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7
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Le Y, Gao Y, Wang H, Yang J, Wang J, Zou C, Li Q. Prognostic insights, immune infiltration, and therapeutic response: Cytoplasmic poly(A) tail regulators in hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200816. [PMID: 38948919 PMCID: PMC11214399 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The presence of a poly(A) tail is indispensable for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in cancer. This dynamic and modifiable feature of transcripts is under the control of various nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. This study aimed to develop a novel cytoplasmic poly(A)-related signature for predicting prognosis, clinical attributes, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Utilizing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), and principal-component analysis (PCA) were employed to categorize HCC patients into three clusters, thus demonstrating the pivotal prognostic role of cytoplasmic poly(A) tail regulators. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms such as least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards modeling were able to distinguish distinct cytoplasmic poly(A) subtypes. As a result, a 5-gene signature derived from TCGA was developed and validated using International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) HCC datasets. This novel classification based on cytoplasmic poly(A) regulators has the potential to improve prognostic predictions and provide guidance for chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yunting Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yating Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Chaoxia Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medicine Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
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8
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Yadav P, Tamilselvan R, Mani H, Singh KK. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factors: Insights into microRNA prediction tools and profiling techniques. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195022. [PMID: 38437914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) stands out as a prominent RNA surveillance mechanism within eukaryotes, meticulously overseeing both RNA abundance and integrity by eliminating aberrant transcripts. These defective transcripts are discerned through the concerted efforts of translating ribosomes, eukaryotic release factors (eRFs), and trans-acting NMD factors, with Up-Frameshift 3 (UPF3) serving as a noteworthy component. Remarkably, in humans, UPF3 exists in two paralogous forms, UPF3A (UPF3) and UPF3B (UPF3X). Beyond its role in quality control, UPF3 wields significant influence over critical cellular processes, including neural development, synaptic plasticity, and axon guidance. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms governing UPF3 remain elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as pivotal post-transcriptional gene regulators, exerting substantial impact on diverse pathological and physiological pathways. This comprehensive review encapsulates our current understanding of the intricate regulatory nexus between NMD and miRNAs, with particular emphasis on the essential role played by UPF3B in neurodevelopment. Additionally, we bring out the significance of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) as the molecular bridge connecting NMD and miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth exploration of diverse computational tools tailored for the prediction of potential miRNA targets. To complement these computational approaches, we delineate experimental techniques designed to validate predicted miRNA-mRNA interactions, empowering readers with the knowledge necessary to select the most appropriate methodology for their specific research objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Raja Tamilselvan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Harita Mani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Kusum Kumari Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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9
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Acharya P, Parkins S, Tranter M. RNA binding proteins as mediators of pathological cardiac remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1368097. [PMID: 38818408 PMCID: PMC11137256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1368097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a central in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, which can account for up to 50% of all variations in protein expression within a cell. Following their binding to target RNAs, RBPs most typically confer changes in gene expression through modulation of alternative spicing, RNA stabilization/degradation, or ribosome loading/translation rate. All of these post-transcriptional regulatory processes have been shown to play a functional role in pathological cardiac remodeling, and a growing body of evidence is beginning to identify the mechanistic contribution of individual RBPs and their cardiac RNA targets. This review highlights the mechanisms of RBP-dependent post-transcriptional gene regulation in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts and our current understanding of how RNA binding proteins functionally contribute to pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Acharya
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sharon Parkins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael Tranter
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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10
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Wang X, Lin Y, Li Z, Li Y, Chen M. Alternative Polyadenylation Regulatory Factors Signature for Survival Prediction in Kidney Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Inform 2024; 23:11769351231180789. [PMID: 38617569 PMCID: PMC11015750 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231180789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative polyadenylation (APA) plays a vital regulatory role in various diseases. It is widely accepted that APA is regulated by APA regulatory factors. Objective Whether APA regulatory factors affect the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma remains unclear, and this is the main topic of this study. Methods We downloaded the transcriptome and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We used the Lasso regression system to construct an APA model for analyzing the relationship between common APA regulatory factors and renal cell carcinoma. We also validated our APA model using independent GEO datasets (GSE29609, GSE76207). Results It was found that the expression levels of 5 APA regulatory factors (CPSF1, CPSF2, CSTF2, PABPC1, and PABPC4) were significantly associated with tumor gene mutation burden (TMB) score in renal clear cell carcinoma, and the risk score constructed using the expression level of 5 key APA regulatory factors could be used to predict the outcome of renal clear cell carcinoma. The TMB score is associated with the remodeling of the immune microenvironment. Conclusions By identifying key APA regulatory factors in renal cell carcinoma and constructing risk scores for key APA regulatory factors, we showed that key APA regulators affect prognosis of renal clear cell carcinoma patients. In addition, the risk score level is associated with TMB, indicating that APA may affect the efficacy of immunotherapy through immune microenvironment-related genes. This helps us better understand the mRNA processing mechanism of renal clear cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingcong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Liu M, Chen J, Zhang C, Liu S, Chao X, Yang H, Muhammad A, Zhou B, Ao W, Schinckel AP. Deciphering Estrus Expression in Gilts: The Role of Alternative Polyadenylation and LincRNAs in Reproductive Transcriptomics. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:791. [PMID: 38473176 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fertility rate and litter size of female pigs are critically affected by the expression of estrus. The objective of this study was to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of estrus expression by analyzing the differential expression of genes and long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA), as well as the utilization of alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites, in the vulva and vagina during the estrus and diestrus stages of Large White and indigenous Chinese Mi gilts. Our study revealed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the vulva was less than that in the vagina, and the DEGs in the vulva were enriched in pathways such as "neural" pathways and steroid hormone responses, including the "Calcium signaling pathway" and "Oxytocin signaling pathway". The DEGs in the vagina were enriched in the "Metabolic pathways" and "VEGF signaling pathway". Furthermore, 27 and 21 differentially expressed lincRNAs (DEL), whose target genes were enriched in the "Endocrine resistance" pathway, were identified in the vulva and vagina, respectively. Additionally, we observed that 63 and 618 transcripts of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) were lengthened during estrus in the vulva and vagina, respectively. Interestingly, the genes undergoing APA events in the vulva exhibited species-specific enrichment in neural or steroid-related pathways, whereas those in the vagina were enriched in apoptosis or autophagy-related pathways. Further bioinformatic analysis of these lengthened 3'-UTRs revealed the presence of multiple miRNAs binding sites and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) regulatory aspects. In particular, we identified more than 10 CPEs in the validated lengthened 3'-UTRs of the NFIX, PCNX4, CEP162 and ABHD2 genes using RT-qPCR. These findings demonstrated the involvement of APA and lincRNAs in the regulation of estrus expression in female pigs, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying estrus expression in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohuan Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Asim Muhammad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiping Ao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Allan P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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12
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Mofayezi A, Jadaliha M, Zangeneh FZ, Khoddami V. Poly(A) tale: From A to A; RNA polyadenylation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1837. [PMID: 38485452 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic mRNAs and different non-coding RNAs undergo a form of 3' end processing known as polyadenylation. Polyadenylation machinery is present in almost all organisms except few species. In bacteria, the machinery has evolved from PNPase, which adds heteropolymeric tails, to a poly(A)-specific polymerase. Differently, a complex machinery for accurate polyadenylation and several non-canonical poly(A) polymerases are developed in eukaryotes. The role of poly(A) tail has also evolved from serving as a degradative signal to a stabilizing modification that also regulates translation. In this review, we discuss poly(A) tail emergence in prokaryotes and its development into a stable, yet dynamic feature at the 3' end of mRNAs in eukaryotes. We also describe how appearance of novel poly(A) polymerases gives cells flexibility to shape poly(A) tail. We explain how poly(A) tail dynamics help regulate cognate RNA metabolism in a context-dependent manner, such as during oocyte maturation. Finally, we describe specific mRNAs in metazoans that bear stem-loops instead of poly(A) tails. We conclude with how recent discoveries about poly(A) tail can be applied to mRNA technology. This article is categorized under: RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Mofayezi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- ReNAP Therapeutics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Jadaliha
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Khoddami
- ReNAP Therapeutics, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Conti M, Kunitomi C. A genome-wide perspective of the maternal mRNA translation program during oocyte development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:88-98. [PMID: 36894378 PMCID: PMC11250054 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations control gene expression in most cells. However, critical transitions during the development of the female gamete relies exclusively on regulation of mRNA translation in the absence of de novo mRNA synthesis. Specific temporal patterns of maternal mRNA translation are essential for the oocyte progression through meiosis, for generation of a haploid gamete ready for fertilization and for embryo development. In this review, we will discuss how mRNAs are translated during oocyte growth and maturation using mostly a genome-wide perspective. This broad view on how translation is regulated reveals multiple divergent translational control mechanisms required to coordinate protein synthesis with progression through the meiotic cell cycle and with development of a totipotent zygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Conti
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Chisato Kunitomi
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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14
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Meng X, Li C, Hei Y, Zhou X, Zhou G. Comparative alternative polyadenylation profiles in differentiated adipocytes of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat tissue in cattle. Gene 2024; 894:147949. [PMID: 37918547 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a key molecular mechanism involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, which has been proven to play a critical role in cell differentiation. In the present study, we performed IVT-SAPAS sequencing to profile the dynamic changes of APA sites in bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes and intramuscular preadipocytes during adipogenesis. A total of 52621 high quality APA sites were identified in preadipocytes and adipocytes. Compared with preadipocytes, the increased usage of canonical AATAAA was observed in the cell-biased APA sites of adipocytes. Furthermore, 1933 and 2140 differentially expressed APA (DE-APA) sites, as well as 341 and 337 untranslated region-APA (UTR-APA) switching genes were identified in subcutaneous preadipocytes and intramuscular preadipocytes during adipogenesis, respectively. The UTR-APA switching genes showed divergent trends in preadipocytes, among which UTR-APA switching genes in intramuscular preadipocytes tended to use shorter 3'UTR for differentiation into mature adipocytes. APA events mediated by UTR-APA switching in intramuscular adipocytes were enriched in lipid synthesis and adipocyte differentiation. TRIB3, WWTR1, and INSIG1 played important roles in the differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes. Briefly, our results provided new insights into understanding the mechanisms of bovine adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangge Meng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengping Li
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yu Hei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Guoli Zhou
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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15
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Barquin M, Kouzel IU, Ehrmann B, Basler M, Gruber AJ. scTEA-db: a comprehensive database of novel terminal exon isoforms identified from human single cell transcriptomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1018-D1023. [PMID: 37850641 PMCID: PMC10767918 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The usage of alternative terminal exons results in messenger RNA (mRNA) isoforms that differ in their 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) and often also in their protein-coding sequences. Alternative 3' UTRs contain different sets of cis-regulatory elements known to regulate mRNA stability, translation and localization, all of which are vital to cell identity and function. In previous work, we revealed that ∼25 percent of the experimentally observed RNA 3' ends are located within regions currently annotated as intronic, indicating that many 3' end isoforms remain to be uncovered. Also, the inclusion of not yet annotated terminal exons is more tissue specific compared to the already annotated ones. Here, we present the single cell-based Terminal Exon Annotation database (scTEA-db, www.scTEA-db.org) that provides the community with 12 063 so far not yet annotated terminal exons and associated transcript isoforms identified by analysing 53 069 publicly available single cell transcriptomes. Our scTEA-db web portal offers an array of features to find and explore novel terminal exons belonging to 5538 human genes, 110 of which are known cancer drivers. In summary, scTEA-db provides the foundation for studying the biological role of large numbers of so far not annotated terminal exon isoforms in cell identity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Barquin
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ian U Kouzel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Beat Ehrmann
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Basler
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, 8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Gruber
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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16
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Aranega AE, Franco D. Posttranscriptional Regulation by Proteins and Noncoding RNAs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:313-339. [PMID: 38884719 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation comprises those mechanisms occurring after the initial copy of the DNA sequence is transcribed into an intermediate RNA molecule (i.e., messenger RNA) until such a molecule is used as a template to generate a protein. A subset of these posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms essentially are destined to process the immature mRNA toward its mature form, conferring the adequate mRNA stability, providing the means for pertinent introns excision, and controlling mRNA turnover rate and quality control check. An additional layer of complexity is added in certain cases, since discrete nucleotide modifications in the mature RNA molecule are added by RNA editing, a process that provides large mature mRNA diversity. Moreover, a number of posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms occur in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, such as alternative splicing and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation. In this chapter, we will briefly summarize current state-of-the-art knowledge of general posttranscriptional mechanisms, while major emphases will be devoted to those tissue-specific posttranscriptional modifications that impact on cardiac development and congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E Aranega
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
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17
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Murphy MR, Ramadei A, Doymaz A, Varriano S, Natelson D, Yu A, Aktas S, Mazzeo M, Mazzeo M, Zakusilo G, Kleiman F. Long non-coding RNA generated from CDKN1A gene by alternative polyadenylation regulates p21 expression during DNA damage response. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11911-11926. [PMID: 37870464 PMCID: PMC10681730 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative Polyadenylation (APA) is an emerging mechanism for dynamic changes in gene expression. Previously, we described widespread APA occurrence in introns during the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that a DDR-activated APA event occurs in the first intron of CDKN1A, inducing an alternate last exon-containing lncRNA. We named this lncRNA SPUD (Selective Polyadenylation Upon DNA Damage). SPUD localizes to polysomes in the cytoplasm and is detectable as multiple isoforms in available high-throughput studies. SPUD has low abundance compared to the CDKN1A full-length isoform under non-stress conditions, and SPUD is induced in cancer and normal cells under a variety of DNA damaging conditions in part through p53. The RNA binding protein HuR binds to and promotes the stability of SPUD precursor RNA. SPUD induction increases p21 protein, but not mRNA levels, affecting p21 functions in cell-cycle, CDK2 expression and cell growth. Like CDKN1A full-length isoform, SPUD can bind two competitive p21 translational regulators, the inhibitor calreticulin and the activator CUGBP1; SPUD alters their association with CDKN1A full-length in a DDR-dependent manner, promoting CDKN1A translation. Together, these results show a new regulatory mechanism by which a lncRNA controls p21 expression post-transcriptionally, highlighting lncRNA relevance in DDR progression and cell-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Murphy
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anthony Ramadei
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ahmet Doymaz
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sophia Varriano
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Devorah M Natelson
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amy Yu
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sera Aktas
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marie Mazzeo
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Michael Mazzeo
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - George Zakusilo
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Frida E Kleiman
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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18
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Darwish M, Ito M, Iijima Y, Takase A, Ayukawa N, Suzuki S, Tanaka M, Komori K, Kaida D, Iijima T. Neuronal SAM68 differentially regulates alternative last exon splicing and ensures proper synapse development and function. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105168. [PMID: 37595869 PMCID: PMC10562862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing in the 3'UTR of mammalian genes plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes, including cell differentiation and development. SAM68 is a key splicing regulator that controls the diversity of 3'UTR isoforms through alternative last exon (ALE) selection. However, the tissue/cell type-specific mechanisms underlying the splicing control at the 3' end and its functional significance remain unclear. Here, we show that SAM68 regulates ALE splicing in a dose-dependent manner and the neuronal splicing is differentially regulated depending on the characteristics of the target transcript. Specifically, we found that SAM68 regulates interleukin-1 receptor-associated protein splicing through the interaction with U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. In contrast, the ALE splicing of protocadherin-15 (Pcdh15), a gene implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, is independent of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein but modulated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway. We found that the aberrant ALE selection of Pcdh15 led to a conversion from a membrane-bound to a soluble isoform and consequently disrupted its localization into excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Notably, the neuronal expression of the soluble form of PCDH15 preferentially affected the number of inhibitory synapses. Moreover, the soluble form of PCDH15 interacted physically with α-neurexins and further disrupted neuroligin-2-induced inhibitory synapses in artificial synapse formation assays. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of neuron-specific alternative 3'UTR isoform selections in synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Darwish
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Masatoshi Ito
- The Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Iijima
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan; Tokai University Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Takase
- The Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Ayukawa
- Tokai University Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Suzuki
- Tokai University Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Tokai University Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kanae Komori
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaida
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Iijima
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan; Tokai University Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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19
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Zuniga G, Frost B. Selective neuronal vulnerability to deficits in RNA processing. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 229:102500. [PMID: 37454791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that errors in RNA processing can causally drive neurodegeneration. Given that RNA produced from expressed genes of all cell types undergoes processing (splicing, polyadenylation, 5' capping, etc.), the particular vulnerability of neurons to deficits in RNA processing calls for careful consideration. The activity-dependent transcriptome remodeling associated with synaptic plasticity in neurons requires rapid, multilevel post-transcriptional RNA processing events that provide additional opportunities for dysregulation and consequent introduction or persistence of errors in RNA transcripts. Here we review the accumulating evidence that neurons have an enhanced propensity for errors in RNA processing alongside grossly insufficient defenses to clear misprocessed RNA compared to other cell types. Additionally, we explore how tau, a microtubule-associated protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, contributes to deficits in RNA processing and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Zuniga
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bess Frost
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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20
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Zhang Z, Bae B, Cuddleston WH, Miura P. Coordination of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation revealed by targeted long read sequencing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5506. [PMID: 37679364 PMCID: PMC10484994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous system development is associated with extensive regulation of alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA). AS and APA have been extensively studied in isolation, but little is known about how these processes are coordinated. Here, the coordination of cassette exon (CE) splicing and APA in Drosophila was investigated using a targeted long-read sequencing approach we call Pull-a-Long-Seq (PL-Seq). This cost-effective method uses cDNA pulldown and Nanopore sequencing combined with an analysis pipeline to quantify inclusion of alternative exons in connection with alternative 3' ends. Using PL-Seq, we identified genes that exhibit significant differences in CE splicing depending on connectivity to short versus long 3'UTRs. Genomic long 3'UTR deletion was found to alter upstream CE splicing in short 3'UTR isoforms and ELAV loss differentially affected CE splicing depending on connectivity to alternative 3'UTRs. This work highlights the importance of considering connectivity to alternative 3'UTRs when monitoring AS events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Bongmin Bae
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Pedro Miura
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
- Institute for System Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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21
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Swale C, Hakimi MA. 3'-end mRNA processing within apicomplexan parasites, a patchwork of classic, and unexpected players. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1783. [PMID: 36994829 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The 3'-end processing of mRNA is a co-transcriptional process that leads to the formation of a poly-adenosine tail on the mRNA and directly controls termination of the RNA polymerase II juggernaut. This process involves a megadalton complex composed of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factors (CPSFs) that are able to recognize cis-sequence elements on nascent mRNA to then carry out cleavage and polyadenylation reactions. Recent structural and biochemical studies have defined the roles played by different subunits of the complex and provided a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of this machinery in yeast or metazoans. More recently, the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of CPSF function in Apicomplexa has stimulated interest in studying the specificities of this ancient eukaryotic machinery in these organisms. Although its function is conserved in Apicomplexa, the CPSF complex integrates a novel reader of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A). This feature, inherited from the plant kingdom, bridges m6A metabolism directly to 3'-end processing and by extension, to transcription termination. In this review, we will examine convergence and divergence of CPSF within the apicomplexan parasites and explore the potential of small molecule inhibition of this machinery within these organisms. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Swale
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
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22
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Moon Y, Burri D, Zavolan M. Identification of experimentally-supported poly(A) sites in single-cell RNA-seq data with SCINPAS. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad079. [PMID: 37705828 PMCID: PMC10495540 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation is a main driver of transcriptome diversity in mammals, generating transcript isoforms with different 3' ends via cleavage and polyadenylation at distinct polyadenylation (poly(A)) sites. The regulation of cell type-specific poly(A) site choice is not completely resolved, and requires quantitative poly(A) site usage data across cell types. 3' end-based single-cell RNA-seq can now be broadly used to obtain such data, enabling the identification and quantification of poly(A) sites with direct experimental support. We propose SCINPAS, a computational method to identify poly(A) sites from scRNA-seq datasets. SCINPAS modifies the read deduplication step to favor the selection of distal reads and extract those with non-templated poly(A) tails. This approach improves the resolution of poly(A) site recovery relative to standard software. SCINPAS identifies poly(A) sites in genic and non-genic regions, providing complementary information relative to other tools. The workflow is modular, and the key read deduplication step is general, enabling the use of SCINPAS in other typical analyses of single cell gene expression. Taken together, we show that SCINPAS is able to identify experimentally-supported, known and novel poly(A) sites from 3' end-based single-cell RNA sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Moon
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Burri
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Hao S, Zhang L, Zhao D, Zhou J, Ye C, Qu H, Li QQ. Inhibitor AN3661 reveals biological functions of Arabidopsis CLEAVAGE and POLYADENYLATION SPECIFICITY FACTOR 73. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:537-554. [PMID: 37335917 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) is a protein complex that plays an essential biochemical role in mRNA 3'-end formation, including poly(A) signal recognition and cleavage at the poly(A) site. However, its biological functions at the organismal level are mostly unknown in multicellular eukaryotes. The study of plant CPSF73 has been hampered by the lethality of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homozygous mutants of AtCPSF73-I and AtCPSF73-II. Here, we used poly(A) tag sequencing to investigate the roles of AtCPSF73-I and AtCPSF73-II in Arabidopsis treated with AN3661, an antimalarial drug with specificity for parasite CPSF73 that is homologous to plant CPSF73. Direct seed germination on an AN3661-containing medium was lethal; however, 7-d-old seedlings treated with AN3661 survived. AN3661 targeted AtCPSF73-I and AtCPSF73-II, inhibiting growth through coordinating gene expression and poly(A) site choice. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the accumulation of ethylene and auxin jointly inhibited primary root growth. AN3661 affected poly(A) signal recognition, resulted in lower U-rich signal usage, caused transcriptional readthrough, and increased the distal poly(A) site usage. Many microRNA targets were found in the 3' untranslated region lengthened transcripts; these miRNAs may indirectly regulate the expression of these targets. Overall, this work demonstrates that AtCPSF73 plays important part in co-transcriptional regulation, affecting growth, and development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Danhui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Congting Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haidong Qu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qingshun Q Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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24
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Verwilt J, Mestdagh P, Vandesompele J. Artifacts and biases of the reverse transcription reaction in RNA sequencing. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:889-897. [PMID: 36990512 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079623.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RNA sequencing has spurred a significant number of research areas in recent years. Most protocols rely on synthesizing a more stable complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of the RNA molecule during the reverse transcription reaction. The resulting cDNA pool is often wrongfully assumed to be quantitatively and molecularly similar to the original RNA input. Sadly, biases and artifacts confound the resulting cDNA mixture. These issues are often overlooked or ignored in the literature by those that rely on the reverse transcription process. In this review, we confront the reader with intra- and intersample biases and artifacts caused by the reverse transcription reaction during RNA sequencing experiments. To fight the reader's despair, we also provide solutions to most issues and inform on good RNA sequencing practices. We hope the reader can use this review to their advantage, thereby contributing to scientifically sound RNA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Verwilt
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Cao J, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. Alternative polyadenylation regulation in cardiac development and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1324-1335. [PMID: 36657944 PMCID: PMC10262186 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs is a necessary step for gene expression and function. Majority of human genes exhibit multiple polyadenylation sites, which can be alternatively used to generate different mRNA isoforms from a single gene. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) of pre-mRNAs is important for the proteome and transcriptome landscape. APA is tightly regulated during development and contributes to tissue-specific gene regulation. Mis-regulation of APA is linked to a wide range of pathological conditions. APA-mediated gene regulation in the heart is emerging as a new area of research. Here, we will discuss the impact of APA on gene regulation during heart development and in cardiovascular diseases. First, we will briefly review how APA impacts gene regulation and discuss molecular mechanisms that control APA. Then, we will address APA regulation during heart development and its dysregulation in cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we will discuss pre-mRNA targeting strategies to correct aberrant APA patterns of essential genes for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The RNA field is blooming due to advancements in RNA-based technologies. RNA-based vaccines and therapies are becoming the new line of effective and safe approaches for the treatment and prevention of human diseases. Overall, this review will be influential for understanding gene regulation at the RNA level via APA in the heart and will help design RNA-based tools for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77573, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77573, USA
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26
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Wilton J, de Mendonça FL, Pereira-Castro I, Tellier M, Nojima T, Costa AM, Freitas J, Murphy S, Oliveira MJ, Proudfoot NJ, Moreira A. Pro-inflammatory polarization and colorectal cancer modulate alternative and intronic polyadenylation in primary human macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182525. [PMID: 37359548 PMCID: PMC10286830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophages are essential cells of the immune system that alter their inflammatory profile depending on their microenvironment. Alternative polyadenylation in the 3'UTR (3'UTR-APA) and intronic polyadenylation (IPA) are mechanisms that modulate gene expression, particularly in cancer and activated immune cells. Yet, how polarization and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells affect 3'UTR-APA and IPA in primary human macrophages was unclear. Methods In this study, we isolated primary human monocytes from healthy donors, differentiated and polarized them into a pro-inflammatory state and performed indirect co-cultures with CRC cells. ChrRNA-Seq and 3'RNA-Seq was performed to quantify gene expression and characterize new 3'UTR-APA and IPA mRNA isoforms. Results Our results show that polarization of human macrophages from naïve to a pro-inflammatory state causes a marked increase of proximal polyA site selection in the 3'UTR and IPA events in genes relevant to macrophage functions. Additionally, we found a negative correlation between differential gene expression and IPA during pro-inflammatory polarization of primary human macrophages. As macrophages are abundant immune cells in the CRC microenvironment that either promote or abrogate cancer progression, we investigated how indirect exposure to CRC cells affects macrophage gene expression and 3'UTR-APA and IPA events. Co-culture with CRC cells alters the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages, increases the expression of pro-tumoral genes and induces 3'UTR-APA alterations. Notably, some of these gene expression differences were also found in tumor-associated macrophages of CRC patients, indicating that they are physiologically relevant. Upon macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization, SRSF12 is the pre-mRNA processing gene that is most upregulated. After SRSF12 knockdown in M1 macrophages there is a global downregulation of gene expression, in particular in genes involved in gene expression regulation and in immune responses. Discussion Our results reveal new 3'UTR-APA and IPA mRNA isoforms produced during pro-inflammatory polarization of primary human macrophages and CRC co-culture that may be used in the future as diagnostic or therapeutic tools. Furthermore, our results highlight a function for SRSF12 in pro-inflammatory macrophages, key cells in the tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Wilton
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA) PhD Program, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lopes de Mendonça
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira-Castro
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Takayuki Nojima
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M. Costa
- Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jaime Freitas
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Jose Oliveira
- Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Alexandra Moreira
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Ma H, Lin J, Mei F, Mao H, Li QQ. Differential alternative polyadenylation of homoeologous genes of allohexaploid wheat ABD subgenomes during drought stress response. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:499-518. [PMID: 36786697 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Because allohexaploid wheat genome contains ABD subgenomes, how the expression of homoeologous genes is coordinated remains largely unknown, particularly at the co-transcriptional level. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is an important part of co-transcriptional regulation, which is crucial in developmental processes and stress responses. Drought stress is a major threat to the stable yield of wheat. Focusing on APA, we used poly(A) tag sequencing to track poly(A) site dynamics in wheat under drought stress. The results showed that drought stress led to extensive APA involving 37-47% of differentially expressed genes in wheat. Significant poly(A) site switching was found in stress-responsive genes. Interestingly, homoeologous genes exhibit unequal numbers of poly(A) sites, divergent APA patterns with tissue specificity and time-course dynamics, and distinct 3'-UTR length changes. Moreover, differentially expressed transcripts in leaves and roots used different poly(A) signals, the up- and downregulated isoforms had distinct preferences for non-canonical poly(A) sites. Genes that encode key polyadenylation factors showed differential expression patterns under drought stress. In summary, poly(A) signals and the changes in core poly(A) factors may widely affect the selection of poly(A) sites and gene expression levels during the response to drought stress, and divergent APA patterns among homoeologous genes add extensive plasticity to this responsive network. These results not only reveal the significant role of APA in drought stress response, but also provide a fresh perspective on how homoeologous genes contribute to adaptability through transcriptome diversity. In addition, this work provides information about the ends of transcripts for a better annotation of the wheat genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Fangming Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hude Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingshun Q Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
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28
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LaForce GR, Philippidou P, Schaffer AE. mRNA isoform balance in neuronal development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1762. [PMID: 36123820 PMCID: PMC10024649 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Balanced mRNA isoform diversity and abundance are spatially and temporally regulated throughout cellular differentiation. The proportion of expressed isoforms contributes to cell type specification and determines key properties of the differentiated cells. Neurons are unique cell types with intricate developmental programs, characteristic cellular morphologies, and electrophysiological potential. Neuron-specific gene expression programs establish these distinctive cellular characteristics and drive diversity among neuronal subtypes. Genes with neuron-specific alternative processing are enriched in key neuronal functions, including synaptic proteins, adhesion molecules, and scaffold proteins. Despite the similarity of neuronal gene expression programs, each neuronal subclass can be distinguished by unique alternative mRNA processing events. Alternative processing of developmentally important transcripts alters coding and regulatory information, including interaction domains, transcript stability, subcellular localization, and targeting by RNA binding proteins. Fine-tuning of mRNA processing is essential for neuronal activity and maintenance. Thus, the focus of neuronal RNA biology research is to dissect the transcriptomic mechanisms that underlie neuronal homeostasis, and consequently, predispose neuronal subtypes to disease. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneva R LaForce
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Polyxeni Philippidou
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashleigh E Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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29
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Oreper D, Klaeger S, Jhunjhunwala S, Delamarre L. The peptide woods are lovely, dark and deep: Hunting for novel cancer antigens. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101758. [PMID: 37027981 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the patient's immune system to control a tumor is a proven avenue for cancer therapy. T cell therapies as well as therapeutic vaccines, which target specific antigens of interest, are being explored as treatments in conjunction with immune checkpoint blockade. For these therapies, selecting the best suited antigens is crucial. Most of the focus has thus far been on neoantigens that arise from tumor-specific somatic mutations. Although there is clear evidence that T-cell responses against mutated neoantigens are protective, the large majority of these mutations are not immunogenic. In addition, most somatic mutations are unique to each individual patient and their targeting requires the development of individualized approaches. Therefore, novel antigen types are needed to broaden the scope of such treatments. We review high throughput approaches for discovering novel tumor antigens and some of the key challenges associated with their detection, and discuss considerations when selecting tumor antigens to target in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oreper
- Genentech, 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, 94080 CA, USA.
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Genentech, 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, 94080 CA, USA.
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30
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Masamha CP. The emerging roles of CFIm25 (NUDT21/CPSF5) in human biology and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1757. [PMID: 35965101 PMCID: PMC9925614 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian cleavage factor I subunit CFIm25 (NUDT21) binds to the UGUA sequences of precursor RNAs. Traditionally, CFIm25 is known to facilitate 3' end formation of pre-mRNAs resulting in the formation of polyadenylated transcripts. Recent studies suggest that CFIm25 may be involved in the cyclization and hence generation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that contain UGUA motifs. These circRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that disrupt the ceRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis. Other emerging roles of CFIm25 include regulating both alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation (APA). APA generates different sized transcripts that may code for different proteins, or more commonly transcripts that code for the same protein but differ in the length and sequence content of their 3' UTRs (3' UTR-APA). CFIm25 mediated global changes in 3' UTR-APA affect human physiology including spermatogenesis and the determination of cell fate. Deregulation of CFIm25 and changes in 3' UTR-APA have been implicated in several human diseases including cancer. In many cancers, CFIm25 acts as a tumor suppressor. However, there are some cancers where CFIm25 has the opposite effect. Alterations in CFIm25-driven 3' UTR-APA may also play a role in neural dysfunction and fibrosis. CFIm25 mediated 3' UTR-APA changes can be used to generate specific signatures that can be used as potential biomarkers in development and disease. Due to the emerging role of CFIm25 as a regulator of the aforementioned RNA processing events, modulation of CFIm25 levels may be a novel viable therapeutic approach. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioniso Patience Masamha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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31
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de Felippes FF, Waterhouse PM. Plant terminators: the unsung heroes of gene expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2239-2250. [PMID: 36477559 PMCID: PMC10082929 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To be properly expressed, genes need to be accompanied by a terminator, a region downstream of the coding sequence that contains the information necessary for the maturation of the mRNA 3' end. The main event in this process is the addition of a poly(A) tail at the 3' end of the new transcript, a critical step in mRNA biology that has important consequences for the expression of genes. Here, we review the mechanism leading to cleavage and polyadenylation of newly transcribed mRNAs and how this process can affect the final levels of gene expression. We give special attention to an aspect often overlooked, the effect that different terminators can have on the expression of genes. We also discuss some exciting findings connecting the choice of terminator to the biogenesis of small RNAs, which are a central part of one of the most important mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter M Waterhouse
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Wang T, Ye W, Zhang J, Li H, Zeng W, Zhu S, Ji G, Wu X, Ma L. Alternative 3'-untranslated regions regulate high-salt tolerance of Spartina alterniflora. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2570-2587. [PMID: 36682816 PMCID: PMC10069910 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High-salt stress continues to challenge the growth and survival of many plants. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) produces mRNAs with different 3'-untranslated regions (3' UTRs) to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. However, the roles of alternative 3' UTRs in response to salt stress remain elusive. Here, we report the function of alternative 3' UTRs in response to high-salt stress in S. alterniflora (Spartina alterniflora), a monocotyledonous halophyte tolerant of high-salt environments. We found that high-salt stress induced global APA dynamics, and ∼42% of APA genes responded to salt stress. High-salt stress led to 3' UTR lengthening of 207 transcripts through increasing the usage of distal poly(A) sites. Transcripts with alternative 3' UTRs were mainly enriched in salt stress-related ion transporters. Alternative 3' UTRs of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 1 (SaHKT1) increased RNA stability and protein synthesis in vivo. Regulatory AU-rich elements were identified in alternative 3' UTRs, boosting the protein level of SaHKT1. RNAi-knock-down experiments revealed that the biogenesis of 3' UTR lengthening in SaHKT1 was controlled by the poly(A) factor CLEAVAGE AND POLYADENYLATION SPECIFICITY FACTOR 30 (SaCPSF30). Over-expression of SaHKT1 with an alternative 3' UTR in rice (Oryza sativa) protoplasts increased mRNA accumulation of salt-tolerance genes in an AU-rich element-dependent manner. These results suggest that mRNA 3' UTR lengthening is a potential mechanism in response to high-salt stress. These results also reveal complex regulatory roles of alternative 3' UTRs coupling APA and regulatory elements at the post-transcriptional level in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- College of Forestry, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wenbin Ye
- Department of Automation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Forestry, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weike Zeng
- College of Forestry, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Department of Automation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Guoli Ji
- Department of Automation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Liuyin Ma
- College of Forestry, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Zhang Z, Bae B, Cuddleston WH, Miura P. Coordination of Alternative Splicing and Alternative Polyadenylation revealed by Targeted Long-Read Sequencing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.533999. [PMID: 36993601 PMCID: PMC10055423 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.533999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system development is associated with extensive regulation of alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA). AS and APA have been extensively studied in isolation, but little is known about how these processes are coordinated. Here, the coordination of cassette exon (CE) splicing and APA in Drosophila was investigated using a targeted long-read sequencing approach we call Pull-a-Long-Seq (PL-Seq). This cost-effective method uses cDNA pulldown and Nanopore sequencing combined with an analysis pipeline to resolve the connectivity of alternative exons to alternative 3' ends. Using PL-Seq, we identified genes that exhibit significant differences in CE splicing depending on connectivity to short versus long 3'UTRs. Genomic long 3'UTR deletion was found to alter upstream CE splicing in short 3'UTR isoforms and ELAV loss differentially affected CE splicing depending on connectivity to alternative 3'UTRs. This work highlights the importance of considering connectivity to alternative 3'UTRs when monitoring AS events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bongmin Bae
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Pedro Miura
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Vardevanyan PO, Antonyan AP, Movsisyan ZH, Parsadanyan MA, Shahinyan MA, Grigoryan KR, Shilajyan HA. Study of complexation of single-stranded poly(rA) and poly(rU) with methylene blue. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15320-15327. [PMID: 36919567 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2189475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the effect of DNA- or RNA-specific low-molecular compounds on cellular processes on the molecular level, we have carried out the studies with the application of spectroscopic methods. It is necessary for the understanding of structural-functional properties of nucleic acids in cell. In this work the interaction of DNA-specific thiazine dye methylene blue (MB) with synthetic polynucleotides poly(rA) and poly(rU) was studied. The interaction of MB with synthetic polyribonucleotides poly(rA) and poly(rU) was examined in the solution with high ionic strength in a wide phosphate-to-dye (P/D) range, using the absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, as well as the fluorescence 2D spectra and 3D spectra analyses were given. Values of the fluorescence quenching constants for the complexes of MB with poly(rA) and poly(rU) were calculated (KSV is the Stern-Volmer quenching constant). Two different modes of MB binding to single-stranded (ss-) poly(rA) and poly(rU) and to their hybrid double-stranded (ds-) structure - poly(rA)-poly(rU) were identified. This ligand binds to ss-poly(rA) and poly(rA)-poly(rU) by semi-intercalation and electrostatic modes, but to ss-poly(rU) the prevailing mode is the electrostatic interaction.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poghos O Vardevanyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ara P Antonyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zvart H Movsisyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Marine A Parsadanyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mariam A Shahinyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karine R Grigoryan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Research Institute of Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hasmik A Shilajyan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Research Institute of Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
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Moeckel C, Zaravinos A, Georgakopoulos-Soares I. Strand Asymmetries Across Genomic Processes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2036-2047. [PMID: 36968020 PMCID: PMC10030826 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Across biological systems, a number of genomic processes, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, and transcription factor binding, display intrinsic directionalities. These directionalities are reflected in the asymmetric distribution of nucleotides, motifs, genes, transposon integration sites, and other functional elements across the two complementary strands. Strand asymmetries, including GC skews and mutational biases, have shaped the nucleotide composition of diverse organisms. The investigation of strand asymmetries often serves as a method to understand underlying biological mechanisms, including protein binding preferences, transcription factor interactions, retrotransposition, DNA damage and repair preferences, transcription-replication collisions, and mutagenesis mechanisms. Research into this subject also enables the identification of functional genomic sites, such as replication origins and transcription start sites. Improvements in our ability to detect and quantify DNA strand asymmetries will provide insights into diverse functionalities of the genome, the contribution of different mutational mechanisms in germline and somatic mutagenesis, and our knowledge of genome instability and evolution, which all have significant clinical implications in human disease, including cancer. In this review, we describe key developments that have been made across the field of genomic strand asymmetries, as well as the discovery of associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Moeckel
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str., 6, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
- Corresponding author at: Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str., 6, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus.
| | - Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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36
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Lu Z, Wang Y, Zou X, Hung T. Analysis of Fowl Adenovirus 4 Transcriptome by De Novo ORF Prediction Based on Corrected Nanopore Full-Length cDNA Sequencing Data. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020529. [PMID: 36851744 PMCID: PMC9962806 DOI: 10.3390/v15020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of fowl adenovirus has not been comprehensively revealed. Here, we attempted to analyze the fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) transcriptome by deep sequencing. RNA samples were extracted from chicken LMH cells at 12, 18 or 26 h post-FAdV-4 infection, and subjected to Illumina strand-specific RNA-seq or nanopore full-length PCR-cDNA sequencing. After removing the reads of host cells, the data of FAdV-4 nanopore full-length cDNAs (transcripts) were corrected with reads from the Illumina RNA-seq, mapped to the viral genome and then used to predict viral open reading frames (ORFs). Other than 42 known ORFs, 39 novel ORFs were annotated to the FAdV-4 genome. Different from human adenovirus 5, one FAdV-4 ORF was often encoded by several transcripts, and more FAdV-4 ORFs were located on two exons. With these data, 18 major transcription start sites and 15 major transcription termination sites were defined, implying 18 viral promoters and 15 polyadenylation signals. The temporal cascade of viral gene transcription was observed in FAdV-4-infected cells, with six promoters possessing considerable activity in the early phase. Unexpectedly, four promoters, instead of one major late promoter, were engaged in the transcription of the viral genus-common genes on the forward strand. The clarification of the FAdV-4 transcriptome laid a solid foundation for the study of viral gene function, virulence and virus evolution, and it would help construct FAdV-4 as a gene transfer vehicle. The strategy of de novo ORF prediction could be used to parse the transcriptome of other novel adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhuang Lu
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-10-6351-1368 (Z.L.)
| | | | - Xiaohui Zou
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-10-6351-1368 (Z.L.)
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Kowalski MH, Wessels HH, Linder J, Choudhary S, Hartman A, Hao Y, Mascio I, Dalgarno C, Kundaje A, Satija R. CPA-Perturb-seq: Multiplexed single-cell characterization of alternative polyadenylation regulators. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527751. [PMID: 36798324 PMCID: PMC9934614 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Most mammalian genes have multiple polyA sites, representing a substantial source of transcript diversity that is governed by the cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) regulatory machinery. To better understand how these proteins govern polyA site choice we introduce CPA-Perturb-seq, a multiplexed perturbation screen dataset of 42 known CPA regulators with a 3' scRNA-seq readout that enables transcriptome-wide inference of polyA site usage. We develop a statistical framework to specifically identify perturbation-dependent changes in intronic and tandem polyadenylation, and discover modules of co-regulated polyA sites exhibiting distinct functional properties. By training a multi-task deep neural network (APARENT-Perturb) on our dataset, we delineate a cis-regulatory code that predicts responsiveness to perturbation and reveals interactions between distinct regulatory complexes. Finally, we leverage our framework to re-analyze published scRNA-seq datasets, identifying new regulators that affect the relative abundance of alternatively polyadenylated transcripts, and characterizing extensive cellular heterogeneity in 3' UTR length amongst antibody-producing cells. Our work highlights the potential for multiplexed single-cell perturbation screens to further our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline H. Kowalski
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans-Hermann Wessels
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Linder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford USA
| | - Saket Choudhary
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yuhan Hao
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabella Mascio
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford USA
| | - Rahul Satija
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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38
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Xiao S, Gu H, Deng L, Yang X, Qiao D, Zhang X, Zhang T, Yu T. Relationship between NUDT21 mediated alternative polyadenylation process and tumor. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1052012. [PMID: 36816917 PMCID: PMC9933127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1052012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a molecular process that generates diversity at the 3' end of RNA polymerase II transcripts from over 60% of human genes. APA and microRNA regulation are both mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. As a key molecular mechanism, Alternative polyadenylation often results in mRNA isoforms with the same coding sequence but different lengths of 3' UTRs, while microRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA 3' UTRs. Nudix Hydrolase 21 (NUDT21) is a crucial mediator involved in alternative polyadenylation (APA). Different studies have reported a dual role of NUDT21 in cancer (both oncogenic and tumor suppressor). The present review focuses on the functions of APA, miRNA and their interaction and roles in development of different types of tumors.NUDT21 mediated 3' UTR-APA changes can be used to generate specific signatures that can be used as potential biomarkers in development and disease. Due to the emerging role of NUDT21 as a regulator of the aforementioned RNA processing events, modulation of NUDT21 levels may be a novel viable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University of China, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University of China, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiongtao Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Tao Yu, ; Tian Zhang,
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University of China, Luzhou, China,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Tao Yu, ; Tian Zhang,
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Wu D, Pedroza M, Chang J, Dean J. DIS3L2 ribonuclease degrades terminal-uridylated RNA to ensure oocyte maturation and female fertility. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3078-3093. [PMID: 36727488 PMCID: PMC10123098 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During oocyte development in mice, transcripts accumulate in the growth phase and are subsequently degraded during maturation. At the transition point between growth and maturation, oocytes have an intact nucleus or germinal vesicle (GV), and terminal uridylation labels RNA for degradation in meiosis I. By profiling the transcriptome using single-oocyte long-read PacBio RNA sequencing, we document that a small cohort of mRNAs are polyadenylated after terminal uridylation in GV oocytes [designated uridylated-poly(A) RNA]. Because DIS3L2 ribonuclease is known to degrade uridylated transcripts, we established oocyte-specific Dis3l2 knockout mice (Dis3l2cKO). Upon DIS3L2 depletion, uridylated-poly(A) RNAs remain intact which increases their abundance, and they predominate in the transcriptome of Dis3l2cKO oocytes. The abundance of uridylated-poly(A) RNA in Dis3l2cKO oocytes arises not only from insufficient degradation, but also from the stabilizing effect of subsequent polyadenylation. Uridylated-poly(A) RNAs have shorter poly(A) tails and their translation activity decreases in Dis3l2cKO oocytes. Almost all Dis3l2cKO oocytes arrest at the GV stage, and female mice are infertile. Our study demonstrates multiple fates for RNA after terminal uridylation and highlights the role of DIS3L2 ribonuclease in safeguarding the transcriptome and ensuring female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monique Pedroza
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan Chang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jurrien Dean
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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40
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Hwang H, Chang HR, Baek D. Determinants of Functional MicroRNA Targeting. Mol Cells 2023; 46:21-32. [PMID: 36697234 PMCID: PMC9880601 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play cardinal roles in regulating biological pathways and processes, resulting in significant physiological effects. To understand the complex regulatory network of miRNAs, previous studies have utilized massivescale datasets of miRNA targeting and attempted to computationally predict the functional targets of miRNAs. Many miRNA target prediction tools have been developed and are widely used by scientists from various fields of biology and medicine. Most of these tools consider seed pairing between miRNAs and their mRNA targets and additionally consider other determinants to improve prediction accuracy. However, these tools exhibit limited prediction accuracy and high false positive rates. The utilization of additional determinants, such as RNA modifications and RNA-binding protein binding sites, may further improve miRNA target prediction. In this review, we discuss the determinants of functional miRNA targeting that are currently used in miRNA target prediction and the potentially predictive but unappreciated determinants that may improve prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseo Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hee Ryung Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Daehyun Baek
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Murphy MR, Ramadei A, Doymaz A, Varriano S, Natelson D, Yu A, Aktas S, Mazzeo M, Mazzeo M, Zakusilo G, Kleiman FE. Long Non-Coding RNA Generated from CDKN1A Gene by Alternative Polyadenylation Regulates p21 Expression during DNA Damage Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523318. [PMID: 36711808 PMCID: PMC9882041 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alternative Polyadenylation (APA) is an emerging mechanism for dynamic changes in gene expression. Previously, we described widespread APA occurrence in introns during the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that a DNA damage activated APA event occurs in the first intron of CDKN1A , inducing an alternate last exon (ALE)-containing lncRNA. We named this lncRNA SPUD (Selective Polyadenylation Upon Damage). SPUD localizes to polysomes in the cytoplasm and is detectable as multiple isoforms in available high throughput studies. SPUD has low abundance compared to the CDKN1A full-length isoform and is induced in cancer and normal cells under a variety of DNA damaging conditions in part through p53 transcriptional activation. RNA binding protein (RBP) HuR and the transcriptional repressor CTCF regulate SPUD levels. SPUD induction increases p21 protein, but not CDKN1A full-length levels, affecting p21 functions in cell-cycle, CDK2 expression, and cell viability. Like CDKN1A full-length isoform, SPUD can bind two competitive p21 translational regulators, the inhibitor calreticulin and the activator CUGBP1; SPUD can change their association with CDKN1A full-length in a DDR-dependent manner. Together, these results show a new regulatory mechanism by which a lncRNA controls p21 expression post-transcriptionally, highlighting lncRNA relevance in DDR progression and cellcycle.
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Zhang Z, Chen P, Yun J. Comprehensive analysis of a novel RNA modifications-related model in the prognostic characterization, immune landscape and drug therapy of bladder cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1156095. [PMID: 37124622 PMCID: PMC10131083 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1156095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) is the leading reason for death among genitourinary malignancies. RNA modifications in tumors closely link to the immune microenvironment. Our study aimed to propose a promising model associated with the "writer" enzymes of five primary RNA adenosine modifications (including m6A, m6Am, m1A, APA, and A-to-I editing), thus characterizing the clinical outcome, immune landscape and therapeutic efficacy of BCa. Methods: Unsupervised clustering was employed to categorize BCa into different RNA modification patterns based on gene expression profiles of 34 RNA modification "writers". The RNA modification "writers" score (RMS) signature composed of RNA phenotype-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), which was evaluated in meta-GEO (including eight independent GEO datasets) training cohort and the TCGA-BLCA validation cohort. The hub genes in the RMS model were determined via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and were further validated using human specimen. The potential applicability of the RMS model in predicting the therapeutic responsiveness was assessed through the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database and multiple immunotherapy datasets. Results: Two distinct RNA modification patterns were determined among 1,410 BCa samples from a meta-GEO cohort, showing radically varying clinical outcomes and biological characteristics. The RMS model comprising 14 RNA modification phenotype-associated prognostic DEGs positively correlated with the unsatisfactory outcome of BCa patients in meta-GEO training cohort (HR = 3.00, 95% CI = 2.19-4.12) and TCGA-BLCA validation cohort (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.13-2.09). The infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and the activation of EMT, angiogenesis, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling were markedly enriched in RMS-high group. A nomogram exhibited high prognostic prediction accuracy, with a concordance index of 0.785. The therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic agents and antibody-drug conjugates was significantly different between RMS-low and -high groups. The combination of the RMS model and conventional characteristics (TMB, TNB and PD-L1) achieved an optimal AUC value of 0.828 in differentiating responders from non-responders to immunotherapy. Conclusion: We conferred the first landscape of five forms of RNA modifications in BCa and emphasized the excellent power of an RNA modifications-related model in evaluating BCa prognosis and immune landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Jingping Yun,
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Brouze A, Krawczyk PS, Dziembowski A, Mroczek S. Measuring the tail: Methods for poly(A) tail profiling. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1737. [PMID: 35617484 PMCID: PMC10078590 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 3'-end poly(A) tail is an important and potent feature of most mRNA molecules that affects mRNA fate and translation efficiency. Polyadenylation is a posttranscriptional process that occurs in the nucleus by canonical poly(A) polymerases (PAPs). In some specific instances, the poly(A) tail can also be extended in the cytoplasm by noncanonical poly(A) polymerases (ncPAPs). This epitranscriptomic regulation of mRNA recently became one of the most interesting aspects in the field. Advances in RNA sequencing technologies and software development have allowed the precise measurement of poly(A) tails, identification of new ncPAPs, expansion of the function of known enzymes, discovery and a better understanding of the physiological role of tail heterogeneity, and recognition of a correlation between tail length and RNA translatability. Here, we summarize the development of polyadenylation research methods, including classic low-throughput approaches, Illumina-based genome-wide analysis, and advanced state-of-art techniques that utilize long-read third-generation sequencing with Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms. A boost in technical opportunities over recent decades has allowed a better understanding of the regulation of gene expression at the mRNA level. This article is categorized under: RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Brouze
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Szczepan Krawczyk
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dziembowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seweryn Mroczek
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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Begik O, Diensthuber G, Liu H, Delgado-Tejedor A, Kontur C, Niazi AM, Valen E, Giraldez AJ, Beaudoin JD, Mattick JS, Novoa EM. Nano3P-seq: transcriptome-wide analysis of gene expression and tail dynamics using end-capture nanopore cDNA sequencing. Nat Methods 2023; 20:75-85. [PMID: 36536091 PMCID: PMC9834059 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA polyadenylation plays a central role in RNA maturation, fate, and stability. In response to developmental cues, polyA tail lengths can vary, affecting the translation efficiency and stability of mRNAs. Here we develop Nanopore 3' end-capture sequencing (Nano3P-seq), a method that relies on nanopore cDNA sequencing to simultaneously quantify RNA abundance, tail composition, and tail length dynamics at per-read resolution. By employing a template-switching-based sequencing protocol, Nano3P-seq can sequence RNA molecule from its 3' end, regardless of its polyadenylation status, without the need for PCR amplification or ligation of RNA adapters. We demonstrate that Nano3P-seq provides quantitative estimates of RNA abundance and tail lengths, and captures a wide diversity of RNA biotypes. We find that, in addition to mRNA and long non-coding RNA, polyA tails can be identified in 16S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA in both mouse and zebrafish models. Moreover, we show that mRNA tail lengths are dynamically regulated during vertebrate embryogenesis at an isoform-specific level, correlating with mRNA decay. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of Nano3P-seq in capturing non-A bases within polyA tails of various lengths, and reveal their distribution during vertebrate embryogenesis. Overall, Nano3P-seq is a simple and robust method for accurately estimating transcript levels, tail lengths, and tail composition heterogeneity in individual reads, with minimal library preparation biases, both in the coding and non-coding transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Begik
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregor Diensthuber
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Huanle Liu
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Delgado-Tejedor
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Adnan Muhammad Niazi
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind Valen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jean-Denis Beaudoin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John S Mattick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eva Maria Novoa
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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UBE3D Regulates mRNA 3'-End Processing and Maintains Adipogenic Potential in 3T3-L1 Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0017422. [PMID: 36519931 PMCID: PMC9753722 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00174-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described the role of an essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, important for cleavage and polyadenylation 1 (IPA1), in the regulation of gene expression through its interaction with Ysh1, the endonuclease subunit of the mRNA 3'-end processing complex. Through a similar mechanism, the mammalian homolog ubiquitin protein ligase E3D (UBE3D) promotes the migratory and invasive potential of breast cancer cells, but its role in the regulation of gene expression during normal cellular differentiation has not previously been described. In this study, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Ube3d in 3T3-L1 cells blocks their ability to differentiate into mature adipocytes. Consistent with previous studies in other cell types, Ube3d knockout leads to decreased levels of CPSF73 and global changes in cellular mRNAs indicative of a loss of 3'-end processing capacity. Ube3d knockout cells also display decreased expression of known preadipogenic markers. Overexpression of either UBE3D or CPSF73 rescues the differentiation defect and partially restores protein levels of these markers. These results support a model in which UBE3D is necessary for the maintenance of the adipocyte-committed state via its regulation of the mRNA 3'-end processing machinery.
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Slight Variations in the Sequence Downstream of the Polyadenylation Signal Significantly Increase Transgene Expression in HEK293T and CHO Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415485. [PMID: 36555130 PMCID: PMC9779314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to transcription initiation, much less is known about transcription termination. In particular, large-scale mutagenesis studies have, so far, primarily concentrated on promoter and enhancer, but not terminator sequences. Here, we used a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) to systematically analyze the influence of short (8 bp) sequence variants (mutations) located downstream of the polyadenylation signal (PAS) on the steady-state mRNA level of the upstream gene, employing an eGFP reporter and human HEK293T cells as a model system. In total, we evaluated 227,755 mutations located at different overlapping positions within +17..+56 bp downstream of the PAS for their ability to regulate the reporter gene expression. We found that the positions +17..+44 bp downstream of the PAS are more essential for gene upregulation than those located more distal to the PAS, and that the mutation sequences ensuring high levels of eGFP mRNA expression are extremely T-rich. Next, we validated the positive effect of a couple of mutations identified in the MPRA screening on the eGFP and luciferase protein expression. The most promising mutation increased the expression of the reporter proteins 13-fold and sevenfold on average in HEK293T and CHO cells, respectively. Overall, these findings might be useful for further improving the efficiency of production of therapeutic products, e.g., recombinant antibodies.
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Cao Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zheng K, Wang S, Jin H, Liu L, Cao Y. Transcript variants of long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 1 have distinct roles in sheep lipid metabolism. Front Genet 2022; 13:1021103. [PMID: 36482895 PMCID: PMC9723241 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1021103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutton has recently been identified to be a consumer favorite, and intermuscular fat is the key factor in determining meat tenderness. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is a vital subtype of the ACSL family that is involved in the synthesis of lipids from acyl-CoA and the oxidation of fatty acids. The amplification of the ACSL1 gene using rapid amplification of cDNA ends revealed that the alternative polyadenylation (APA) results in two transcripts of the ACSL1 gene. Exon 18 had premature termination, resulting in a shorter CDS region. In this study, the existence of two transcripts of varying lengths translated normally and designated ACSL1-a and ACSL1-b was confirmed. Overexpression of ACSL1-a can promote the synthesis of an intracellular diglyceride, while ACSL1-b can promote triglyceride synthesis. The transfection of ACSL1 shRNA knocks down both the transcripts, the triglyceride content was significantly reduced after differentiation and induction; and lipidome sequencing results exhibited a significant decrease in 14-22 carbon triglyceride metabolites. The results of the present study indicated that the ACSL1 gene played a crucial role in the synthesis of triglycerides. Furthermore, the two transcripts involved in various interactions in the triglyceride synthesis process may be the topic of interest for future research and provide a more theoretical basis for sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Kaizhi Zheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sutian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiguo Jin
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
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Linder J, Koplik SE, Kundaje A, Seelig G. Deciphering the impact of genetic variation on human polyadenylation using APARENT2. Genome Biol 2022; 23:232. [PMID: 36335397 PMCID: PMC9636789 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3'-end processing by cleavage and polyadenylation is an important and finely tuned regulatory process during mRNA maturation. Numerous genetic variants are known to cause or contribute to human disorders by disrupting the cis-regulatory code of polyadenylation signals. Yet, due to the complexity of this code, variant interpretation remains challenging. RESULTS We introduce a residual neural network model, APARENT2, that can infer 3'-cleavage and polyadenylation from DNA sequence more accurately than any previous model. This model generalizes to the case of alternative polyadenylation (APA) for a variable number of polyadenylation signals. We demonstrate APARENT2's performance on several variant datasets, including functional reporter data and human 3' aQTLs from GTEx. We apply neural network interpretation methods to gain insights into disrupted or protective higher-order features of polyadenylation. We fine-tune APARENT2 on human tissue-resolved transcriptomic data to elucidate tissue-specific variant effects. By combining APARENT2 with models of mRNA stability, we extend aQTL effect size predictions to the entire 3' untranslated region. Finally, we perform in silico saturation mutagenesis of all human polyadenylation signals and compare the predicted effects of [Formula: see text] million variants against gnomAD. While loss-of-function variants were generally selected against, we also find specific clinical conditions linked to gain-of-function mutations. For example, we detect an association between gain-of-function mutations in the 3'-end and autism spectrum disorder. To experimentally validate APARENT2's predictions, we assayed clinically relevant variants in multiple cell lines, including microglia-derived cells. CONCLUSIONS A sequence-to-function model based on deep residual learning enables accurate functional interpretation of genetic variants in polyadenylation signals and, when coupled with large human variation databases, elucidates the link between functional 3'-end mutations and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Georg Seelig
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Gutierrez PA, Wei J, Sun Y, Tong L. Molecular basis for the recognition of the AUUAAA polyadenylation signal by mPSF. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:1534-1541. [PMID: 36130077 PMCID: PMC9745836 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079322.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The polyadenylation signal (PAS) is a key sequence element for 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs). This hexanucleotide motif is recognized by the mammalian polyadenylation specificity factor (mPSF), consisting of CPSF160, WDR33, CPSF30, and Fip1 subunits. Recent studies have revealed how the AAUAAA PAS, the most frequently observed PAS, is recognized by mPSF. We report here the structure of human mPSF in complex with the AUUAAA PAS, the second most frequently identified PAS. Conformational differences are observed for the A1 and U2 nucleotides in AUUAAA compared to the A1 and A2 nucleotides in AAUAAA, while the binding modes of the remaining 4 nt are essentially identical. The 5' phosphate of U2 moves by 2.6 Å and the U2 base is placed near the six-membered ring of A2 in AAUAAA, where it makes two hydrogen bonds with zinc finger 2 (ZF2) of CPSF30, which undergoes conformational changes as well. We also attempted to determine the binding modes of two rare PAS hexamers, AAGAAA and GAUAAA, but did not observe the RNA in the cryo-electron microscopy density. The residues in CPSF30 (ZF2 and ZF3) and WDR33 that recognize PAS are disordered in these two structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yadong Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Liu J, Lu X, Zhang S, Yuan L, Sun Y. Molecular Insights into mRNA Polyadenylation and Deadenylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231910985. [PMID: 36232288 PMCID: PMC9570436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231910985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(A) tails are present on almost all eukaryotic mRNAs, and play critical roles in mRNA stability, nuclear export, and translation efficiency. The biosynthesis and shortening of a poly(A) tail are regulated by large multiprotein complexes. However, the molecular mechanisms of these protein machineries still remain unclear. Recent studies regarding the structural and biochemical characteristics of those protein complexes have shed light on the potential mechanisms of polyadenylation and deadenylation. This review summarizes the recent structural studies on pre-mRNA 3′-end processing complexes that initiate the polyadenylation and discusses the similarities and differences between yeast and human machineries. Specifically, we highlight recent biochemical efforts in the reconstitution of the active human canonical pre-mRNA 3′-end processing systems, as well as the roles of RBBP6/Mpe1 in activating the entire machinery. We also describe how poly(A) tails are removed by the PAN2-PAN3 and CCR4-NOT deadenylation complexes and discuss the emerging role of the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC) in promoting deadenylation. Together, these recent discoveries show that the dynamic features of these machineries play important roles in regulating polyadenylation and deadenylation.
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