1
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Zhao S, Lu J, Pan B, Fan H, Byrum SD, Xu C, Kim A, Guo Y, Kanchi KL, Gong W, Sun T, Storey AJ, Burkholder NT, Mackintosh SG, Kuhlers PC, Edmondson RD, Strahl BD, Diao Y, Tackett AJ, Raab JR, Cai L, Song J, Wang GG. TNRC18 engages H3K9me3 to mediate silencing of endogenous retrotransposons. Nature 2023; 623:633-642. [PMID: 37938770 PMCID: PMC11000523 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) is crucial for the regulation of gene repression and heterochromatin formation, cell-fate determination and organismal development1. H3K9me3 also provides an essential mechanism for silencing transposable elements1-4. However, previous studies have shown that canonical H3K9me3 readers (for example, HP1 (refs. 5-9) and MPP8 (refs. 10-12)) have limited roles in silencing endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), one of the main transposable element classes in the mammalian genome13. Here we report that trinucleotide-repeat-containing 18 (TNRC18), a poorly understood chromatin regulator, recognizes H3K9me3 to mediate the silencing of ERV class I (ERV1) elements such as LTR12 (ref. 14). Biochemical, biophysical and structural studies identified the carboxy-terminal bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) domain of TNRC18 (TNRC18(BAH)) as an H3K9me3-specific reader. Moreover, the amino-terminal segment of TNRC18 is a platform for the direct recruitment of co-repressors such as HDAC-Sin3-NCoR complexes, thus enforcing optimal repression of the H3K9me3-demarcated ERVs. Point mutagenesis that disrupts the TNRC18(BAH)-mediated H3K9me3 engagement caused neonatal death in mice and, in multiple mammalian cell models, led to derepressed expression of ERVs, which affected the landscape of cis-regulatory elements and, therefore, gene-expression programmes. Collectively, we describe a new H3K9me3-sensing and regulatory pathway that operates to epigenetically silence evolutionarily young ERVs and exert substantial effects on host genome integrity, transcriptomic regulation, immunity and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jiuwei Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huitao Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arum Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yiran Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Krishna L Kanchi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weida Gong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tongyu Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aaron J Storey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Nathaniel T Burkholder
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Peyton C Kuhlers
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ricky D Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jesse R Raab
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jikui Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Guo Z, Chu C, Lu Y, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Wu M, Gao S, Wong CCL, Zhan X, Wang C. Structure of a SIN3-HDAC complex from budding yeast. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023:10.1038/s41594-023-00975-z. [PMID: 37081318 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
SIN3-HDAC (histone deacetylases) complexes have important roles in facilitating local histone deacetylation to regulate chromatin accessibility and gene expression. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the budding yeast SIN3-HDAC complex Rpd3L at an average resolution of 2.6 Å. The structure reveals that two distinct arms (ARM1 and ARM2) hang on a T-shaped scaffold formed by two coiled-coil domains. In each arm, Sin3 interacts with different subunits to create a different environment for the histone deacetylase Rpd3. ARM1 is in the inhibited state with the active site of Rpd3 blocked, whereas ARM2 is in an open conformation with the active site of Rpd3 exposed to the exterior space. The observed asymmetric architecture of Rpd3L is different from those of available structures of other class I HDAC complexes. Our study reveals the organization mechanism of the SIN3-HDAC complex and provides insights into the interaction pattern by which it targets histone deacetylase to chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaixin Gao
- Human Nutrition Program & James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Catherine C L Wong
- Clinical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiechao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Wang C, Guo Z, Chu C, Lu Y, Zhang X, Zhan X. Two assembly modes for SIN3 histone deacetylase complexes. Cell Discov 2023; 9:42. [PMID: 37076472 PMCID: PMC10115800 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The switch-independent 3 (SIN3)/histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes play essential roles in regulating chromatin accessibility and gene expression. There are two major types of SIN3/HDAC complexes (named SIN3L and SIN3S) targeting different chromatin regions. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the SIN3L and SIN3S complexes from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe), revealing two distinct assembly modes. In the structure of SIN3L, each Sin3 isoform (Pst1 and Pst3) interacts with one histone deacetylase Clr6, and one WD40-containing protein Prw1, forming two lobes. These two lobes are bridged by two vertical coiled-coil domains from Sds3/Dep1 and Rxt2/Png2, respectively. In the structure of SIN3S, there is only one lobe organized by another Sin3 isoform Pst2; each of the Cph1 and Cph2 binds to an Eaf3 molecule, providing two modules for histone recognition and binding. Notably, the Pst1 Lobe in SIN3L and the Pst2 Lobe in SIN3S adopt similar conformation with their deacetylase active sites exposed to the space; however, the Pst3 Lobe in SIN3L is in a compact state with its active center buried inside and blocked. Our work reveals two classical organization mechanisms for the SIN3/HDAC complexes to achieve specific targeting and provides a framework for studying the histone deacetylase complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhouyan Guo
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichen Lu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiechao Zhan
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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SIN-3 functions through multi-protein interaction to regulate apoptosis, autophagy, and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10560. [PMID: 35732652 PMCID: PMC9217932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
SIN3/HDAC is a multi-protein complex that acts as a regulatory unit and functions as a co-repressor/co-activator and a general transcription factor. SIN3 acts as a scaffold in the complex, binding directly to HDAC1/2 and other proteins and plays crucial roles in regulating apoptosis, differentiation, cell proliferation, development, and cell cycle. However, its exact mechanism of action remains elusive. Using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, we can surpass the challenges posed by the functional redundancy of SIN3 isoforms. In this regard, we have previously demonstrated the role of SIN-3 in uncoupling autophagy and longevity in C. elegans. In order to understand the mechanism of action of SIN3 in these processes, we carried out a comparative analysis of the SIN3 protein interactome from model organisms of different phyla. We identified conserved, expanded, and contracted gene classes. The C. elegans SIN-3 interactome -revealed the presence of well-known proteins, such as DAF-16, SIR-2.1, SGK-1, and AKT-1/2, involved in autophagy, apoptosis, and longevity. Overall, our analyses propose potential mechanisms by which SIN3 participates in multiple biological processes and their conservation across species and identifies candidate genes for further experimental analysis.
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5
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Jafari H, Hussain S, Campbell MJ. Nuclear Receptor Coregulators in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2402. [PMID: 35626007 PMCID: PMC9139824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) function collectively as a transcriptional signaling network that mediates gene regulatory actions to either maintain cellular homeostasis in response to hormonal, dietary and other environmental factors, or act as orphan receptors with no known ligand. NR complexes are large and interact with multiple protein partners, collectively termed coregulators. Coregulators are essential for regulating NR activity and can dictate whether a target gene is activated or repressed by a variety of mechanisms including the regulation of chromatin accessibility. Altered expression of coregulators contributes to a variety of hormone-dependent cancers including breast and prostate cancers. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which coregulators interact with and modulate the activity of NRs provides opportunities to develop better prognostic and diagnostic approaches, as well as novel therapeutic targets. This review aims to gather and summarize recent studies, techniques and bioinformatics methods used to identify distorted NR coregulator interactions that contribute as cancer drivers in hormone-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Jafari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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Bugge K, Staby L, Salladini E, Falbe-Hansen RG, Kragelund BB, Skriver K. αα-Hub domains and intrinsically disordered proteins: A decisive combo. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100226. [PMID: 33361159 PMCID: PMC7948954 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.012928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hub proteins are central nodes in protein-protein interaction networks with critical importance to all living organisms. Recently, a new group of folded hub domains, the αα-hubs, was defined based on a shared αα-hairpin supersecondary structural foundation. The members PAH, RST, TAFH, NCBD, and HHD are found in large proteins such as Sin3, RCD1, TAF4, CBP, and harmonin, which organize disordered transcriptional regulators and membrane scaffolds in interactomes of importance to human diseases and plant quality. In this review, studies of structures, functions, and complexes across the αα-hubs are described and compared to provide a unified description of the group. This analysis expands the associated molecular concepts of "one domain-one binding site", motif-based ligand binding, and coupled folding and binding of intrinsically disordered ligands to additional concepts of importance to signal fidelity. These include context, motif reversibility, multivalency, complex heterogeneity, synergistic αα-hub:ligand folding, accessory binding sites, and supramodules. We propose that these multifaceted protein-protein interaction properties are made possible by the characteristics of the αα-hub fold, including supersite properties, dynamics, variable topologies, accessory helices, and malleability and abetted by adaptability of the disordered ligands. Critically, these features provide additional filters for specificity. With the presentations of new concepts, this review opens for new research questions addressing properties across the group, which are driven from concepts discovered in studies of the individual members. Combined, the members of the αα-hubs are ideal models for deconvoluting signal fidelity maintained by folded hubs and their interactions with intrinsically disordered ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Bugge
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Staby
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edoardo Salladini
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus G Falbe-Hansen
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Karen Skriver
- REPIN and The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Adams MK, Banks CAS, Thornton JL, Kempf CG, Zhang Y, Miah S, Hao Y, Sardiu ME, Killer M, Hattem GL, Murray A, Katt ML, Florens L, Washburn MP. Differential Complex Formation via Paralogs in the Human Sin3 Protein Interaction Network. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1468-1484. [PMID: 32467258 PMCID: PMC8143632 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the continued analysis of HDAC inhibitors in clinical trials, the heterogeneous nature of the protein complexes they target limits our understanding of the beneficial and off-target effects associated with their application. Among the many HDAC protein complexes found within the cell, Sin3 complexes are conserved from yeast to humans and likely play important roles as regulators of transcriptional activity. The presence of two Sin3 paralogs in humans, SIN3A and SIN3B, may result in a heterogeneous population of Sin3 complexes and contributes to our poor understanding of the functional attributes of these complexes. Here, we profile the interaction networks of SIN3A and SIN3B to gain insight into complex composition and organization. In accordance with existing data, we show that Sin3 paralog identity influences complex composition. Additionally, chemical cross-linking MS identifies domains that mediate interactions between Sin3 proteins and binding partners. The characterization of rare SIN3B proteoforms provides additional evidence for the existence of conserved and divergent elements within human Sin3 proteins. Together, these findings shed light on both the shared and divergent properties of human Sin3 proteins and highlight the heterogeneous nature of the complexes they organize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Adams
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Janet L Thornton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Sayem Miah
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Yan Hao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mihaela E Sardiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Maxime Killer
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Gaye L Hattem
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexis Murray
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Maria L Katt
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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8
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Zhu F, Zhu Q, Ye D, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Guo X, Liu Z, Jiapaer Z, Wan X, Wang G, Chen W, Zhu S, Jiang C, Shi W, Kang J. Sin3a-Tet1 interaction activates gene transcription and is required for embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6026-6040. [PMID: 29733394 PMCID: PMC6158608 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sin3a is a core component of histone-deacetylation-activity-associated transcriptional repressor complex, playing important roles in early embryo development. Here, we reported that down-regulation of Sin3a led to the loss of embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal and skewed differentiation into mesendoderm lineage. We found that Sin3a functioned as a transcriptional coactivator of the critical Nodal antagonist Lefty1 through interacting with Tet1 to de-methylate the Lefty1 promoter. Further studies showed that two amino acid residues (Phe147, Phe182) in the PAH1 domain of Sin3a are essential for Sin3a–Tet1 interaction and its activity in regulating pluripotency. Furthermore, genome-wide analyses of Sin3a, Tet1 and Pol II ChIP-seq and of 5mC MeDIP-seq revealed that Sin3a acted with Tet1 to facilitate the transcription of a set of their co-target genes. These results link Sin3a to epigenetic DNA modifications in transcriptional activation and have implications for understanding mechanisms underlying versatile functions of Sin3a in mouse ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qianshu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhenping Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zeyidan Jiapaer
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Songcheng Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiyang Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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9
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Chaubal A, Pile LA. Same agent, different messages: insight into transcriptional regulation by SIN3 isoforms. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:17. [PMID: 29665841 PMCID: PMC5902990 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SIN3 is a global transcriptional coregulator that governs expression of a large repertoire of gene targets. It is an important player in gene regulation, which can repress or activate diverse gene targets in a context-dependent manner. SIN3 is required for several vital biological processes such as cell proliferation, energy metabolism, organ development, and cellular senescence. The functional flexibility of SIN3 arises from its ability to interact with a large variety of partners through protein interaction domains that are conserved across species, ranging from yeast to mammals. Several isoforms of SIN3 are present in these different species that can perform common and specialized functions through interactions with distinct enzymes and DNA-binding partners. Although SIN3 has been well studied due to its wide-ranging functions and highly conserved interaction domains, precise roles of individual SIN3 isoforms have received less attention. In this review, we discuss the differences in structure and function of distinct SIN3 isoforms and provide possible avenues to understand the complete picture of regulation by SIN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Chaubal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lori A Pile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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10
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Bansal N, Petrie K, Christova R, Chung CY, Leibovitch BA, Howell L, Gil V, Sbirkov Y, Lee E, Wexler J, Ariztia EV, Sharma R, Zhu J, Bernstein E, Zhou MM, Zelent A, Farias E, Waxman S. Targeting the SIN3A-PF1 interaction inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition and maintenance of a stem cell phenotype in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34087-105. [PMID: 26460951 PMCID: PMC4741438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a poorly differentiated phenotype and limited treatment options. Aberrant epigenetics in this subtype represent a potential therapeutic opportunity, but a better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the TNBC pathogenesis is required. The SIN3 molecular scaffold performs a critical role in multiple cellular processes, including epigenetic regulation, and has been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Using a competitive peptide corresponding to the SIN3 interaction domain of MAD (Tat-SID), we investigated the functional consequences of selectively blocking the paired amphipathic α-helix (PAH2) domain of SIN3. Here, we report the identification of the SID-containing adaptor PF1 as a factor required for maintenance of the TNBC stem cell phenotype and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Tat-SID peptide blocked the interaction between SIN3A and PF1, leading to epigenetic modulation and transcriptional downregulation of TNBC stem cell and EMT markers. Importantly, Tat-SID treatment also led to a reduction in primary tumor growth and disseminated metastatic disease in vivo. In support of these findings, knockdown of PF1 expression phenocopied treatment with Tat-SID both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate a critical role for a complex containing SIN3A and PF1 in TNBC and provide a rational for its therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Bansal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Petrie
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Rossitza Christova
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris A Leibovitch
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Howell
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Gil
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Yordan Sbirkov
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - EunJee Lee
- Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna Wexler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edgardo V Ariztia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajal Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Zelent
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo Farias
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Waxman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Welch D, Manton C, Hurst D. Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1): Robust Biological and Pathological Data, But Still Enigmatic Mechanism of Action. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 132:111-37. [PMID: 27613131 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis requires coordinated expression of multiple genetic cassettes, often via epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. BRMS1 blocks metastasis, but not orthotopic tumor growth in multiple tumor types, presumably via SIN3 chromatin remodeling complexes. Although there is an abundance of strong data supporting BRMS1 as a metastasis suppressor, the mechanistic data directly connecting molecular pathways with inhibition of particular steps in metastasis are not well defined. In this review, the data for BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression in multiple tumor types are discussed along with the steps in metastasis that are inhibited.
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12
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Hasan T, Ali M, Saluja D, Singh LR. pH Might play a role in regulating the function of paired amphipathic helices domains of human Sin3B by altering structure and thermodynamic stability. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:424-32. [PMID: 25869359 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tauheed Hasan
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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13
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Garcia-Sanz P, Quintanilla A, Lafita MC, Moreno-Bueno G, García-Gutierrez L, Tabor V, Varela I, Shiio Y, Larsson LG, Portillo F, Leon J. Sin3b interacts with Myc and decreases Myc levels. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22221-36. [PMID: 24951594 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.538744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc expression is deregulated in many human cancers. A yeast two-hybrid screen has revealed that the transcriptional repressor Sin3b interacts with Myc protein. Endogenous Myc and Sin3b co-localize and interact in the nuclei of human and rat cells, as assessed by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay. The interaction is Max-independent. A conserved Myc region (amino acids 186-203) is required for the interaction with Sin3 proteins. Histone deacetylase 1 is recruited to Myc-Sin3b complexes, and its deacetylase activity is required for the effects of Sin3b on Myc. Myc and Sin3a/b co-occupied many sites on the chromatin of human leukemia cells, although the presence of Sin3 was not associated with gene down-regulation. In leukemia cells and fibroblasts, Sin3b silencing led to Myc up-regulation, whereas Sin3b overexpression induced Myc deacetylation and degradation. An analysis of Sin3b expression in breast tumors revealed an association between low Sin3b expression and disease progression. The data suggest that Sin3b decreases Myc protein levels upon Myc deacetylation. As Sin3b is also required for transcriptional repression by Mxd-Max complexes, our results suggest that, at least in some cell types, Sin3b limits Myc activity through two complementary activities: Mxd-dependent gene repression and reduction of Myc levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garcia-Sanz
- From the Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Sociedad para el Desarrollo de Cantabria and the Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain, the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain, the Fundación M. D. Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- From the Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Sociedad para el Desarrollo de Cantabria and the Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - M Carmen Lafita
- From the Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Sociedad para el Desarrollo de Cantabria and the Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain, the Fundación M. D. Anderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia García-Gutierrez
- From the Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Sociedad para el Desarrollo de Cantabria and the Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Vedrana Tabor
- the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden, and
| | - Ignacio Varela
- From the Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Sociedad para el Desarrollo de Cantabria and the Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Yuzuru Shiio
- the Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Lars-Gunnar Larsson
- the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden, and
| | - Francisco Portillo
- the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain,
| | - Javier Leon
- From the Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria, Sociedad para el Desarrollo de Cantabria and the Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain,
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Chepelev N, Chepelev L, Alamgir M, Golshani A. Large-Scale Protein-Protein Interaction Detection Approaches: Past, Present and Future. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2008.10817505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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15
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Kadamb R, Mittal S, Bansal N, Batra H, Saluja D. Sin3: insight into its transcription regulatory functions. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 92:237-46. [PMID: 24189169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sin3, a large acidic protein, shares structural similarity with the helix-loop-helix dimerization domain of proteins of the Myc family of transcription factors. Sin3/HDAC corepressor complex functions in transcriptional regulation of several genes and is therefore implicated in the regulation of key biological processes. Knockdown studies have confirmed the role of Sin3 in cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation, emphasizing Sin3 as an essential regulator of critical cellular events in normal and pathological processes. The present review covers the diverse functions of this master transcriptional regulator as well as illustrates the redundant and distinct functions of its two mammalian isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Kadamb
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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16
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Metastasis suppression by BRMS1 associated with SIN3 chromatin remodeling complexes. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:641-51. [PMID: 22678236 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene transcription by histone modification and chromatin remodeling has been linked to many biological and pathological events including cancer metastasis. Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) interacts with SIN3 chromatin remodeling complexes, and, upon forced expression in metastatic cells, a nearly complete suppression of metastasis is noted without preventing primary tumor growth. The data for BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression and SIN3 interaction are clear; however, connecting the inhibition directly to the association of BRMS1 with SIN3 complexes is currently not well defined. Considering the recent advancements in developing epigenetic drugs for cancer therapy, an improved understanding of how the interactions between BRMS1 and SIN3 regulate the process of metastasis should lead to novel therapies specifically targeting the most deadly aspect of tumor progression. In this article, the data for BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression are reviewed with a focus on how the SIN3 chromatin remodeling complexes may be functionally involved.
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17
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The C-terminal putative nuclear localization sequence of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1, BRMS1, is necessary for metastasis suppression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55966. [PMID: 23390556 PMCID: PMC3563580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is a predominantly nuclear protein that suppresses metastasis in multiple human and murine carcinoma cell lines. BRMS1 interacts with several nuclear proteins including SIN3:HDAC chromatin remodeling complexes that are involved in repressing transcription. However, recent reports suggest BRMS1 may function in the cytoplasm. BRMS1 has two predicted nuclear localization sequences (NLS) that are located near the C-terminus (amino acids 198–205 and 238–244, NLS1 and NLS2 respectively). We hypothesized that nuclear localization sequences of BRMS1 were essential for BRMS1 mediated metastasis suppression. Replacement of NLS2 with NLS1 (BRMS1NLS1,1), truncation at 238 (BRMS1ΔNLS2), or switching the location of NLS1 and NLS2 (BRMS1NLS2,1) did not affect nuclear localization; but, replacement of NLS1 with NLS2 (BRMS1NLS2,2) or truncation at 197 (BRMS1ΔNLS which removes both NLS) promoted cytoplasmic localization. MDA-MB-231 human metastatic breast cancer cells transduced with BRMS1NLS1,1, BRMS1NLS2,2 or BRMS1NLS2,1 were evaluated for metastasis suppression in an experimental xenograft mouse model. Interestingly, while NLS2 was not necessary for nuclear localization, it was found to be important for metastasis suppression since BRMS1NLS2,2 suppressed metastasis by 85%. In contrast, BRMS1NLS2,1 and BRMS1NLS1,1 did not significantly suppress metastasis. Both BRMS1 and BRMS1NLS2,2 co-immunoprecipitated with SIN3A in the nucleus and cytoplasm; however, BRMS1NLS1,1 and BRMS1NLS2,1 were associated with SIN3A in the nucleus only. Moreover, BRMS1 and BRMS1NLS2,2, but not BRMS1NLS1,1 and BRMS1NLS2,1, down-regulated the pro-metastatic microRNA, miR-10b. Together, these data demonstrate an important role for NLS2 in the cytoplasm that is critical for metastasis suppression and is distinct from nuclear localization.
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18
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Shi X, Garry DJ. Sin3 interacts with Foxk1 and regulates myogenic progenitors. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:251-8. [PMID: 22476904 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported Foxk1 as an important transcription factor in the myogenic progenitors. SWI-independent-3 (Sin3) has been identified as a Foxk1 binding candidate using a yeast two-hybrid screen. In the present study, we have identified the Foxk1 N-terminal (1-40) region as the Sin3 interacting domain (SID), and the PAH2 of Sin3 as the Foxk1 binding domain utilizing yeast two-hybrid and GST pull-down assays. Further studies revealed that knockdown of Sin3a or Sin3b results in cell cycle arrest and upregulation of cell cycle inhibitor genes. In summary, our present studies have shown that Foxk1 interacts with Sin3 through the SID and that Sin3 has an important role in the regulation of cell cycle kinetics of the MPC population. The results of these studies continue to define and assemble the networks that regulate the MPCs and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Shi
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 4-108 NHH, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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19
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McDonel P, Demmers J, Tan DW, Watt F, Hendrich BD. Sin3a is essential for the genome integrity and viability of pluripotent cells. Dev Biol 2011; 363:62-73. [PMID: 22206758 PMCID: PMC3334623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Sin3a/HDAC co-repressor complex is a critical regulator of transcription networks that govern cell cycle control and apoptosis throughout development. Previous studies have identified Sin3a as essential for embryonic development around the time of implantation, during which the epiblast cell cycle is uniquely structured to achieve very rapid divisions with little tolerance of DNA damage. This study investigates the specific requirement for Sin3a in the early mouse embryo and shows that embryos lacking Sin3a suffer unresolved DNA damage and acute p53-independent apoptosis specifically in the E3.5–4.5 epiblast. Surprisingly, Myc and E2F targets in Sin3a-null ICMs are downregulated, suggesting a central but non-canonical role for Sin3a in regulating the pluripotent embryonic cell cycle. ES cells deleted for Sin3a mount a DNA damage response indicative of unresolved double-strand breaks, profoundly arrest at G2, and undergo apoptosis. These results indicate that Sin3a protects the genomic integrity of pluripotent embryonic cells and governs their unusual cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McDonel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, UK
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David W.M. Tan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Fiona Watt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Brian D. Hendrich
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
- Corresponding author at: Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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Unraveling the enigmatic complexities of BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3185-90. [PMID: 21827753 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Expression of BRMS1 causes dramatic suppression of metastasis in multiple in vivo model systems. As we gain further insight into the biochemical mechanisms of BRMS1, we appreciate the importance of both molecular and cellular context for functional metastasis suppression. BRMS1 associates with large chromatin remodeling complexes including SIN3:HDAC which are powerful epigenetic regulators of gene expression. Additionally, BRMS1 inhibits the activity of NFκB, a well-known transcription factor that plays significant roles in tumor progression. Moreover, BRMS1 coordinately regulates the expression of metastasis-associated microRNA known as metastamir. How these biochemical mechanisms and biological pathways are linked, either directly or indirectly, and the influence of molecular and cellular context, are critical considerations for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for the most deadly aspect of tumor progression-metastasis.
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21
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Hurst DR, Welch DR. Metastasis suppressor genes at the interface between the environment and tumor cell growth. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 286:107-80. [PMID: 21199781 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385859-7.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and genetic programs required for cancer metastasis are sometimes overlapping, but components are clearly distinct from those promoting growth of a primary tumor. Every sequential, rate-limiting step in the sequence of events leading to metastasis requires coordinated expression of multiple genes, necessary signaling events, and favorable environmental conditions or the ability to escape negative selection pressures. Metastasis suppressors are molecules that inhibit the process of metastasis without preventing growth of the primary tumor. The cellular processes regulated by metastasis suppressors are diverse and function at every step in the metastatic cascade. As we gain knowledge into the molecular mechanisms of metastasis suppressors and cofactors with which they interact, we learn more about the process, including appreciation that some are potential targets for therapy of metastasis, the most lethal aspect of cancer. Until now, metastasis suppressors have been described largely by their function. With greater appreciation of their biochemical mechanisms of action, the importance of context is increasingly recognized especially since tumor cells exist in myriad microenvironments. In this chapter, we assemble the evidence that selected molecules are indeed suppressors of metastasis, collate the data defining the biochemical mechanisms of action, and glean insights regarding how metastasis suppressors regulate tumor cell communication to-from microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Hurst
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Spain MM, Caruso JA, Swaminathan A, Pile LA. Drosophila SIN3 isoforms interact with distinct proteins and have unique biological functions. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27457-27467. [PMID: 20566628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.130245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIN3 corepressor serves as a scaffold for the assembly of histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes. SIN3 and its associated HDAC have been shown to have critical roles in both development and the regulation of cell cycle progression. Although multiple SIN3 isoforms have been reported in simple to complex eukaryotic organisms, the mechanisms by which such isoforms regulate specific biological processes are still largely uncharacterized. To gain insight into how SIN3 isoform-specific function contributes to the growth and development of a metazoan organism, we have affinity-purified two SIN3 isoform-specific complexes, SIN3 187 and 220, from Drosophila S2 cells and embryos. We have identified a number of proteins common to the complexes, including the HDAC RPD3, as well as orthologs of several proteins known to have roles in regulating cell proliferation in other organisms. We additionally identified factors, including the histone demethylase little imaginal discs and histone-interacting protein p55, that exhibited a preferential interaction with the largest SIN3 isoform. Our experiments indicate that the isoforms are associated with distinct HDAC activity and are recruited to unique and shared sites along polytene chromosome arms. Furthermore, although expression of SIN3 220 can substitute for genetic loss of other isoforms, expression of SIN3 187 does not support Drosophila viability. Together our findings suggest that SIN3 isoforms serve distinct roles in transcriptional regulation by partnering with different histone-modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla M Spain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Joseph A Caruso
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | | | - Lori A Pile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202.
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23
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Bowen AJ, Gonzalez D, Mullins JGL, Bhatt AM, Martinez A, Conlan RS. PAH-domain-specific interactions of the Arabidopsis transcription coregulator SIN3-LIKE1 (SNL1) with telomere-binding protein 1 and ALWAYS EARLY2 Myb-DNA binding factors. J Mol Biol 2010; 395:937-49. [PMID: 19962994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic SIN3 protein is the central component of the evolutionarily conserved multisubunit SIN3 complex that has roles in regulating gene expression and genome stability. Here we characterise the structure of the SIN3 protein in higher plants through the analysis of SNL1 (SIN3-LIKE1), SNL2, SNL3, SNL4, SNL5 and SNL6, a family of six SIN3 homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana. In an Arabidopsis-protoplast beta-glucuronidase reporter gene assay, as well as in a heterologous yeast repression assay, full-length SNL1 was shown to repress transcription in a histone-deacetylase-dependent manner, demonstrating the conserved nature of SIN3 function. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified a number of DNA binding proteins each containing a single Myb domain that included the Arabidopsis ALWAYS EARLY proteins AtALY2 and AtALY3, and two telomere binding proteins AtTBP1 and AtTRP2/TRFL1 as SNL1 partners, suggesting potential functions for SNL1 in development and telomere maintenance. The interaction with telomere-binding protein 1 was found to be mediated through the well-defined paired amphipathic helix domain PAH2. In contrast, the AtALY2 interaction was mediated through the PAH3 domain of SNL1, which is structurally distinct from PAH1 and PAH2, suggesting that evolution of this domain to a more novel structural motif has occurred. These findings support a diverse role of SNL1 in the regulation of transcription and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Bowen
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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24
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Sardiu ME, Gilmore JM, Carrozza MJ, Li B, Workman JL, Florens L, Washburn MP. Determining protein complex connectivity using a probabilistic deletion network derived from quantitative proteomics. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7310. [PMID: 19806189 PMCID: PMC2751824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein complexes are key molecular machines executing a variety of essential cellular processes. Despite the availability of genome-wide protein-protein interaction studies, determining the connectivity between proteins within a complex remains a major challenge. Here we demonstrate a method that is able to predict the relationship of proteins within a stable protein complex. We employed a combination of computational approaches and a systematic collection of quantitative proteomics data from wild-type and deletion strain purifications to build a quantitative deletion-interaction network map and subsequently convert the resulting data into an interdependency-interaction model of a complex. We applied this approach to a data set generated from components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpd3 histone deacetylase complexes, which consists of two distinct small and large complexes that are held together by a module consisting of Rpd3, Sin3 and Ume1. The resulting representation reveals new protein-protein interactions and new submodule relationships, providing novel information for mapping the functional organization of a complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela E. Sardiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Gilmore
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Carrozza
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jerry L. Workman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Brownfield L, Hafidh S, Durbarry A, Khatab H, Sidorova A, Doerner P, Twell D. Arabidopsis DUO POLLEN3 is a key regulator of male germline development and embryogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:1940-56. [PMID: 19638475 PMCID: PMC2729611 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.066373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Male germline development in angiosperms produces the pair of sperm cells required for double fertilization. A key regulator of this process in Arabidopsis thaliana is the male germline-specific transcription factor DUO POLLEN1 (DUO1) that coordinates germ cell division and gamete specification. Here, we uncover the role of DUO3, a nuclear protein that has a distinct, but overlapping role with DUO1 in male germline development. DUO3 is a conserved protein in land plants and is related to GON-4, a cell lineage regulator of gonadogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mutant duo3-1 germ cells either fail to divide or show a delay in division, and we show that, unlike DUO1, DUO3 promotes entry into mitosis independent of the G2/M regulator CYCB1;1. We also show that DUO3 is required for the expression of a subset of germline genes under DUO1 control and that like DUO1, DUO3 is essential for sperm cell specification and fertilization. Furthermore, we demonstrate an essential sporophytic role for DUO3 in cell division and embryo patterning. Our findings demonstrate essential developmental roles for DUO3 in cell cycle progression and cell specification in both gametophytic and sporophytic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Brownfield
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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26
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Grzenda A, Lomberk G, Zhang JS, Urrutia R. Sin3: master scaffold and transcriptional corepressor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2009; 1789:443-50. [PMID: 19505602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sin3 was isolated over two decades ago as a negative regulator of transcription in budding yeast. Subsequent research has established the protein as a master transcriptional scaffold and corepressor capable of transcriptional silencing via associated histone deacetylases (HDACs). The core Sin3-HDAC complex interacts with a wide variety of repressors and corepressors, providing flexibility and expanded specificity in modulating chromatin structure and transcription. As a result, the Sin3/HDAC complex is involved in an array of biological and cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, genomic stability, embryonic development, and homeostasis. Abnormal recruitment of this complex or alteration of its enzymatic activity has been implicated in neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Grzenda
- Department of Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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27
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Silveira AC, Hurst DR, Vaidya KS, Ayer DE, Welch DR. Over-expression of the BRMS1 family member SUDS3 does not suppress metastasis of human cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2008; 276:32-7. [PMID: 19070953 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BRMS1 and SUDS3 are related members of SIN3-HDAC chromatin remodeling complexes. We hypothesized that they might have overlapping functions and that SUDS3 over-expression could compensate for BRMS1 deficiency. SUDS3 expression was ubiquitous in seven breast cell lines, regardless of metastatic potential. SUDS3 over-expression in BRMS1-non-expressing metastatic cells did not suppress metastasis, motility, osteopontin secretion, or EGF receptor expression, phenotypes associated with BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression. This study demonstrates functional differences for BRMS1 family members and highlights how the composition of SIN3-HDAC (BRMS1/SUDS3) complexes uniquely affects protein expression and biological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Silveira
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA
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28
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Keeping things quiet: roles of NuRD and Sin3 co-repressor complexes during mammalian development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:108-16. [PMID: 18775506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene inactivation studies of mammalian histone and DNA-modifying proteins have demonstrated a role for many such proteins in embryonic development. Post-implantation embryonic lethality implies a role for epigenetic factors in differentiation and in development of specific lineages or tissues. However a handful of chromatin-modifying enzymes have been found to be required in pre- or peri-implantation embryos. This is significant as implantation is the time when inner cell mass cells of the blastocyst exit pluripotency and begin to commit to form the various lineages that will eventually form the adult animal. These observations indicate a critical role for chromatin-modifying proteins in the earliest lineage decisions of mammalian development, and/or in the formation of the first embryonic cell types. Recent work has shown that the two major class I histone deacetylase-containing co-repressor complexes, the NuRD and Sin3 complexes, are both required at peri-implantation stages of mouse development, demonstrating the importance of histone deacetylation in cell fate decisions. Over the past 10 years both genetic and biochemical studies have revealed surprisingly divergent roles for these two co-repressors in mammalian cells. In this review we will summarise the evidence that the two major class I histone deacetylase complexes in mammalian cells, the NuRD and Sin3 complexes, play important roles in distinct aspects of embryonic development.
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29
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Hurst DR, Xie Y, Vaidya KS, Mehta A, Moore BP, Accavitti-Loper MA, Samant RS, Saxena R, Silveira AC, Welch DR. Alterations of BRMS1-ARID4A interaction modify gene expression but still suppress metastasis in human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:7438-44. [PMID: 18211900 PMCID: PMC2293288 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709446200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRMS1 metastasis suppressor interacts with the protein AT-rich interactive domain 4A (ARID4A, RBBP1) as part of SIN3.histone deacetylase chromatin remodeling complexes. These transcriptional co-repressors regulate diverse cell phenotypes depending upon complex composition. To define BRMS1 complexes and their roles in metastasis suppression, we generated BRMS1 mutants (BRMS1(mut)) and mapped ARID4A interactions. BRMS1(L174D) disrupted direct interaction with ARID4A in yeast two-hybrid genetic screens but retained an indirect association with ARID4A in MDA-MB-231 and -435 human breast cancer cell lines by co-immunoprecipitation. Deletion of the first coiled-coil domain (BRMS1(DeltaCC1)) did not disrupt direct interaction in yeast two-hybrid screens but did prevent association by co-immunoprecipitation. These results suggest altered complex composition with BRMS1(mut). Although basal transcription repression was impaired and the pro-metastatic protein osteopontin was differentially down-regulated by BRMS1(L174D) and BRMS1(DeltaCC1), both down-regulated the epidermal growth factor receptor and suppressed metastasis in MDA-MB-231 and -435 breast cancer xenograft models. We conclude that BRMS1(mut), which modifies the composition of a SIN3.histone deacetylase chromatin remodeling complex, leads to altered gene expression profiles. Because metastasis requires the coordinate expression of multiple genes, down-regulation of at least one important gene, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, had the ability to suppress metastasis. Understanding which interactions are necessary for particular biochemical/cellular functions may prove important for future strategies targeting metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R. Hurst
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kedar S. Vaidya
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alka Mehta
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Blake P. Moore
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary Ann Accavitti-Loper
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epitope Recognition, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Immunoreagent Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajeev S. Samant
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ritu Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Danny R. Welch
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epitope Recognition, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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30
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Yang XJ, Seto E. The Rpd3/Hda1 family of lysine deacetylases: from bacteria and yeast to mice and men. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008; 9:206-18. [PMID: 18292778 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 907] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein lysine deacetylases have a pivotal role in numerous biological processes and can be divided into the Rpd3/Hda1 and sirtuin families, each having members in diverse organisms including prokaryotes. In vertebrates, the Rpd3/Hda1 family contains 11 members, traditionally referred to as histone deacetylases (HDAC) 1-11, which are further grouped into classes I, II and IV. Whereas most class I HDACs are subunits of multiprotein nuclear complexes that are crucial for transcriptional repression and epigenetic landscaping, class II members regulate cytoplasmic processes or function as signal transducers that shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Little is known about class IV HDAC11, although its evolutionary conservation implies a fundamental role in various organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Jiao Yang
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Zhao LY, Santiago A, Liu J, Liao D. Repression of p53-mediated transcription by adenovirus E1B 55-kDa does not require corepressor mSin3A and histone deacetylases. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:7001-10. [PMID: 17209038 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610749200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ad E1B 55-kDa protein (E1B) is a potent transcriptional repressor. In vitro biochemical studies revealed that direct p53-E1B interaction is essential for E1B to block p53-activated transcription and a corepressor may be involved. To understand how E1B represses p53-mediated transcription in vivo, we expressed E1B in several tumor cell lines that express wild type p53. Here we show that E1B strongly suppresses the expression of p53 target genes such as p21 and Puma-alpha in normal growth conditions or after cells were treated with p53-activating chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting that E1B-mediated gene repression is dominant and cannot be reversed via p53 activation. Interestingly, we found that E1B binds to corepressor mSin3A. Mutagenesis analysis indicated that the sequence motif "LHLLA" near the NH(2) terminus of E1B is responsible for mSin3A binding, and this motif is conserved among E1B proteins from different Ad serotypes. The conserved paired amphipathic helix domain 1 of mSin3A is critical for mSin3A-E1B interaction. Surprisingly, E1B mutants that cannot bind to mSin3A can still repress p53 target genes, indicating that it is not the corepressor required for E1B-mediated gene repression. In support of this notion, repression of p53 target genes by E1B is insensitive to HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A. We further show that both the NH(2)- and COOH-terminal domains of E1B are required for the repression function. Therefore, E1B employs a unique repression mechanism to block p53-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Shands Cancer Center Programs in Cancer Genetics, Epigenetics and Tumor Virology, and Cell Signaling, Apoptosis and Cancer, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32611-3633, USA
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