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Ocampo D, Damon LJ, Sanford L, Holtzen SE, Jones T, Allen MA, Dowell RD, Palmer AE. Cellular zinc status alters chromatin accessibility and binding of p53 to DNA. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402638. [PMID: 38969365 PMCID: PMC11231577 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Zn2+ is an essential metal required by approximately 850 human transcription factors. How these proteins acquire their essential Zn2+ cofactor and whether they are sensitive to changes in the labile Zn2+ pool in cells remain open questions. Using ATAC-seq to profile regions of accessible chromatin coupled with transcription factor enrichment analysis, we examined how increases and decreases in the labile zinc pool affect chromatin accessibility and transcription factor enrichment. We found 685 transcription factor motifs were differentially enriched, corresponding to 507 unique transcription factors. The pattern of perturbation and the types of transcription factors were notably different at promoters versus intergenic regions, with zinc-finger transcription factors strongly enriched in intergenic regions in elevated Zn2+ To test whether ATAC-seq and transcription factor enrichment analysis predictions correlate with changes in transcription factor binding, we used ChIP-qPCR to profile six p53 binding sites. We found that for five of the six targets, p53 binding correlates with the local accessibility determined by ATAC-seq. These results demonstrate that changes in labile zinc alter chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ocampo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Leah J Damon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Lynn Sanford
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Samuel E Holtzen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Taylor Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mary A Allen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Amy E Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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2
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Rossi M, Banskota N, Shin CH, Anerillas C, Tsitsipatis D, Yang JH, Munk R, Martindale J, Yang X, Piao Y, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Fan J, Lehrmann E, Lam KW, De S, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Increased PTCHD4 expression via m6A modification of PTCHD4 mRNA promotes senescent cell survival. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:7261-7278. [PMID: 38721764 PMCID: PMC11229380 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), critically modulate protein expression programs in a range of cellular processes. Although the transcriptomes of cells undergoing senescence are strongly regulated, the landscape and impact of m6A modifications during senescence are poorly understood. Here, we report a robust m6A modification of PTCHD4 mRNA, encoding Patched Domain-Containing Protein 4, in senescent cells. The METTL3/METTL14 complex was found to incorporate the m6A modification on PTCHD4 mRNA; addition of m6A rendered PTCHD4 mRNA more stable and increased PTCHD4 production. MeRIP RT-qPCR and eCLIP analyses were used to map this m6A modification to the last exon of PTCHD4 mRNA. Further investigation identified IGF2BP1, but not other m6A readers, as responsible for the stabilization and increased abundance of m6A-modified PTCHD4 mRNA. Silencing PTCHD4, a transmembrane protein, enhanced growth arrest and DNA damage in pre-senescent cells and sensitized them to senolysis and apoptosis. Our results indicate that m6A modification of PTCHD4 mRNA increases the production of PTCHD4, a protein associated with senescent cell survival, supporting the notion that regulating m6A modification on specific mRNAs could be exploited to eliminate senescent cells for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nirad Banskota
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chang Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jen-Hao Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kwan-Wood Gabriel Lam
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Fischer M. Gene regulation by the tumor suppressor p53 - The omics era. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189111. [PMID: 38740351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is activated in response to a variety of cellular stresses and serves as a prominent and potent tumor suppressor. Since its discovery, we have sought to understand how p53 functions as both a transcription factor and a tumor suppressor. Two decades ago, the field of gene regulation entered the omics era and began to study the regulation of entire genomes. The omics perspective has greatly expanded our understanding of p53 functions and has begun to reveal its gene regulatory network. In this mini-review, I discuss recent insights into the p53 transcriptional program from high-throughput analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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4
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Regunath K, Fomin V, Liu Z, Wang P, Hoque M, Tian B, Rabadan R, Prives C. Systematic Characterization of p53-Regulated Long Noncoding RNAs across Human Cancers Reveals Remarkable Heterogeneity among Different Tumor Types. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:555-571. [PMID: 38393317 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein, a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor, regulates the expression of a large number of genes, in response to various forms of cellular stress. Although the protein coding target genes of p53 have been well studied, less is known about its role in regulating long noncoding genes and their functional relevance to cancer. Here we report the genome-wide identification of a large set (>1,000) of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), which are putative p53 targets in a colon cancer cell line and in human patient datasets from five different common types of cancer. These lncRNAs have not been annotated by other studies of normal unstressed systems. In the colon cancer cell line, a high proportion of these lncRNAs are uniquely induced by different chemotherapeutic agents that activate p53, whereas others are induced by more than one agent tested. Further, subsets of these lncRNAs independently predict overall and disease-free survival of patients across the five different common cancer types. Interestingly, both genetic alterations and patient survival associated with different lncRNAs are unique to each cancer tested, indicating extraordinary tissue-specific variability in the p53 noncoding response. The newly identified noncoding p53 target genes have allowed us to construct a classifier for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. IMPLICATIONS Our results not only identify myriad p53-regulated long noncoding (lncRNA), they also reveal marked drug-induced, as well as tissue- and tumor-specific heterogeneity in these putative p53 targets and our findings have enabled the construction of robust classifiers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausik Regunath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Vitalay Fomin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Mainul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
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5
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Nagasaka M, Miyajima C, Inoue Y, Hashiguchi S, Suzuki Y, Morishita D, Aoki H, Toriuchi K, Katayama R, Aoyama M, Hayashi H. ID3 is a novel target gene of p53 and modulates lung cancer cell metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149789. [PMID: 38513475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 prevents cancer development by regulating dozens of target genes with diverse biological functions. Although numerous p53 target genes have been identified to date, the dynamics and function of the regulatory network centered on p53 have not yet been fully elucidated. We herein identified inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation-3 (ID3) as a direct p53 target gene. p53 bound the distal promoter of ID3 and positively regulated its transcription. ID3 expression was significantly decreased in clinical lung cancer tissues, and was closely associated with overall survival outcomes in these patients. Functionally, ID3 deficiency promoted the metastatic ability of lung cancer cells through its effects on the transcriptional regulation of CDH1. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of ID3 in p53-knockdown cells restored E-cadherin expression. Collectively, the present results demonstrate that ID3 plays a tumor-suppressive role as a downstream effector of p53 and impedes lung cancer cell metastasis by regulating E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nagasaka
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miyajima
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Sakura Hashiguchi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuya Suzuki
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morishita
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kohki Toriuchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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6
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Serra F, Nieto-Aliseda A, Fanlo-Escudero L, Rovirosa L, Cabrera-Pasadas M, Lazarenkov A, Urmeneta B, Alcalde-Merino A, Nola EM, Okorokov AL, Fraser P, Graupera M, Castillo SD, Sardina JL, Valencia A, Javierre BM. p53 rapidly restructures 3D chromatin organization to trigger a transcriptional response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2821. [PMID: 38561401 PMCID: PMC10984980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of the p53 tumor suppressor triggers a transcriptional program to control cellular response to stress. However, the molecular mechanisms by which p53 controls gene transcription are not completely understood. Here, we uncover the critical role of spatio-temporal genome architecture in this process. We demonstrate that p53 drives direct and indirect changes in genome compartments, topologically associating domains, and DNA loops prior to one hour of its activation, which escort the p53 transcriptional program. Focusing on p53-bound enhancers, we report 340 genes directly regulated by p53 over a median distance of 116 kb, with 74% of these genes not previously identified. Finally, we showcase that p53 controls transcription of distal genes through newly formed and pre-existing enhancer-promoter loops in a cohesin dependent manner. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated architectural role of p53 as regulator at distinct topological layers and provide a reliable set of new p53 direct target genes that may help designs of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Serra
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Mónica Cabrera-Pasadas
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Urmeneta
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emanuele M Nola
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrei L Okorokov
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Fraser
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose L Sardina
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biola M Javierre
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Panczyszyn E, Saverio V, Monzani R, Gagliardi M, Petrovic J, Stojkovska J, Collavin L, Corazzari M. FSP1 is a predictive biomarker of osteosarcoma cells' susceptibility to ferroptotic cell death and a potential therapeutic target. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:87. [PMID: 38368399 PMCID: PMC10874395 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma (OS) is a relatively rare malignancy preferentially affecting long body bones which prognosis is often poor also due to the lack of effective therapies. Clinical management of this cancer basically relies on surgical removal of primary tumor coupled with radio/chemotherapy. Unfortunately, most osteosarcoma cells are resistant to conventional therapy, with the undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) giving rise to gene expression reprogramming, thus increasing cancer cell invasiveness and metastatic potential. Alternative clinical approaches are thus urgently needed. In this context, the recently described ferroptotic cell death represents an attractive new strategy to efficiently kill cancer cells, since most chemoresistant and mesenchymal-shaped tumors display high susceptibility to pro-ferroptotic compounds. However, cancer cells have also evolved anti-ferroptotic strategies, which somehow sustain their survival upon ferroptosis induction. Indeed, here we show that osteosarcoma cell lines display heterogeneous sensitivity to ferroptosis execution, correlating with the mesenchymal phenotype, which is consistently affected by the expression of the well-known anti-ferroptotic factor ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1). Interestingly, inhibiting the activity or expression of FSP1 restores cancer cell sensitivity to ferroptosis. Moreover, we also found that: i) AKRs might also contribute to resistance; ii) NRF2 enhances FSP1 expression upon ferroptosis induction; while iii) p53 contributes to the regulation of FSP1 basal expression in OS cells.In conclusion, FSP1 expression can potentially be used as a valuable predictive marker of OS sensitivity to ferroptosis and as a new potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Panczyszyn
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Saverio
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Romina Monzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mara Gagliardi
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Jelena Petrovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Stojkovska
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Licio Collavin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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8
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Gladwell W, Yost O, Li H, Bell WJ, Chen SH, Ward JM, Kleeberger SR, Resnick MA, Menendez D. APOBEC3G Is a p53-Dependent Restriction Factor in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection of Human Cells Included in the p53/Immune Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16793. [PMID: 38069117 PMCID: PMC10706465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying and understanding genetic factors that influence the propagation of the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can lead to health benefits and possibly augment recent vaccine approaches. We previously identified a p53/immune axis in which the tumor suppressor p53 directly regulates the expression of immune system genes, including the seven members of the APOBEC3 family of DNA cytidine deaminases (A3), which are innate immune sentinels against viral infections. Here, we examined the potential p53 and A3 influence in RSV infection, as well as the overall p53-dependent cellular and p53/immune axis responses to infection. Using a paired p53 model system of p53+ and p53- human lung tumor cells, we found that RSV infection activates p53, leading to the altered p53-dependent expression of A3D, A3F, and A3G, along with p53 site-specific binding. Focusing on A3G because of its 10-fold-greater p53 responsiveness to RSV, the overexpression of A3G can reduce RSV viral replication and syncytial formation. We also observed that RSV-infected cells undergo p53-dependent apoptosis. The study was expanded to globally address at the transcriptional level the p53/immune axis response to RSV. Nearly 100 genes can be directly targeted by the p53/immune axis during RSV infection based on our p53BAER analysis (Binding And Expression Resource). Overall, we identify A3G as a potential p53-responsive restriction factor in RSV infection. These findings have significant implications for RSV clinical and therapeutic studies and other p53-influenced viral infections, including using p53 adjuvants to boost the response of A3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Gladwell
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (W.G.); (O.Y.); (H.L.); (W.J.B.); (S.R.K.)
| | - Oriana Yost
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (W.G.); (O.Y.); (H.L.); (W.J.B.); (S.R.K.)
| | - Heather Li
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (W.G.); (O.Y.); (H.L.); (W.J.B.); (S.R.K.)
| | - Whitney J. Bell
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (W.G.); (O.Y.); (H.L.); (W.J.B.); (S.R.K.)
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Shih-Heng Chen
- Viral Vector Core Facility, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - James M. Ward
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Steven R. Kleeberger
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (W.G.); (O.Y.); (H.L.); (W.J.B.); (S.R.K.)
| | - Michael A. Resnick
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Daniel Menendez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (W.G.); (O.Y.); (H.L.); (W.J.B.); (S.R.K.)
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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9
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Damon LJ, Ocampo D, Sanford L, Jones T, Allen MA, Dowell RD, Palmer AE. Cellular zinc status alters chromatin accessibility and binding of transcription factor p53 to genomic sites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567954. [PMID: 38045276 PMCID: PMC10690171 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) is an essential metal required by approximately 2500 proteins. Nearly half of these proteins act on DNA, including > 850 human transcription factors, polymerases, DNA damage response factors, and proteins involved in chromatin architecture. How these proteins acquire their essential Zn2+ cofactor and whether they are sensitive to changes in the labile Zn2+ pool in cells remain open questions. Here, we examine how changes in the labile Zn2+ pool affect chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding to DNA. We observed both increases and decreases in accessibility in different chromatin regions via ATAC-seq upon treating MCF10A cells with elevated Zn2+ or the Zn2+-specific chelator tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA). Transcription factor enrichment analysis was used to correlate changes in chromatin accessibility with transcription factor motifs, revealing 477 transcription factor motifs that were differentially enriched upon Zn2+ perturbation. 186 of these transcription factor motifs were enriched in Zn2+ and depleted in TPA, and the majority correspond to Zn2+ finger transcription factors. We selected TP53 as a candidate to examine how changes in motif enrichment correlate with changes in transcription factor occupancy by ChIP-qPCR. Using publicly available ChIP-seq and nascent transcription datasets, we narrowed the 50,000+ ATAC-seq peaks to 2164 TP53 targets and subsequently selected 6 high-probability TP53 binding sites for testing. ChIP-qPCR revealed that for 5 of the 6 targets, TP53 binding correlates with the local accessibility determined by ATAC-seq. These results demonstrate that changes in labile zinc directly alter chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J. Damon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Daniel Ocampo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Lynn Sanford
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309
| | - Taylor Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309
| | - Mary A. Allen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Robin D. Dowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Amy E. Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
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10
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Trauernicht M, Rastogi C, Manzo S, Bussemaker H, van Steensel B. Optimisation of TP53 reporters by systematic dissection of synthetic TP53 response elements. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9690-9702. [PMID: 37650627 PMCID: PMC10570033 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a transcription factor that controls multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis. The relation between TP53 binding site architecture and transcriptional output is still not fully understood. Here, we systematically examined in three different cell lines the effects of binding site affinity and copy number on TP53-dependent transcriptional output, and also probed the impact of spacer length and sequence between adjacent binding sites, and of core promoter identity. Paradoxically, we found that high-affinity TP53 binding sites are less potent than medium-affinity sites. TP53 achieves supra-additive transcriptional activation through optimally spaced adjacent binding sites, suggesting a cooperative mechanism. Optimally spaced adjacent binding sites have a ∼10-bp periodicity, suggesting a role for spatial orientation along the DNA double helix. We leveraged these insights to construct a log-linear model that explains activity from sequence features, and to identify new highly active and sensitive TP53 reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Trauernicht
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaitanya Rastogi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano G Manzo
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan “La Statale”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Harmen J Bussemaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bas van Steensel
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Xuan X, Wu D, Yu J, Wang P, Yang X, Zhang J, Gan W, He M, Liu XM, Zhou J, Wang D, Gu W, Li D. A p53/LINC00324 positive feedback loop suppresses tumor growth by counteracting SET-mediated transcriptional repression. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112833. [PMID: 37480565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor exerts antitumor functions through its ability to regulate the transcription of its downstream targets. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Here, we identify the lncRNA LINC00324 (long intergenic noncoding RNA 00324) as a direct p53 transcriptional target. Knockdown of LINC00324 expression promotes tumor growth by reducing p53 transcriptional activity, whereas ectopic LINC00324 expression demonstrates a reverse effect. Notably, LINC00324 is present in the endogenous p53 complex in tumor cells and directly binds to the C-terminal domain of p53 in vitro. Mechanistically, LINC00324 enables p53 transactivation by competitively disrupting the p53-SET interaction, resulting in an increase of p300/CBP-mediated H3K18 and H3K27 acetylation on the p53 target promoters. Lower LINC00324 expression is associated with more aggressive disease status and predicts worse overall survival of patients with cancer. Our study identifies a p53/LINC00324 positive feedback loop that suppresses tumor growth by counteracting SET-mediated transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xuan
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Di Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Changshu Institute of Technology, 99 South Third Ring Road, Suzhou 215500, China
| | - Peizhen Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Jieru Zhang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Wenjuan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou 215300, China
| | - Mengfan He
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, Suzhou 215600, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Donglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dawei Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, Suzhou 215600, China.
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12
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Acosta J, Li Q, Freeburg NF, Murali N, Indeglia A, Grothusen GP, Cicchini M, Mai H, Gladstein AC, Adler KM, Doerig KR, Li J, Ruiz-Torres M, Manning KL, Stanger BZ, Busino L, Murphy M, Wan L, Feldser DM. p53 restoration in small cell lung cancer identifies a latent cyclophilin-dependent necrosis mechanism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4403. [PMID: 37479684 PMCID: PMC10362054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor regulates multiple context-dependent tumor suppressive programs. Although p53 is mutated in ~90% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors, how p53 mediates tumor suppression in this context is unknown. Here, using a mouse model of SCLC in which endogenous p53 expression can be conditionally and temporally regulated, we show that SCLC tumors maintain a requirement for p53 inactivation. However, we identify tumor subtype heterogeneity between SCLC tumors such that p53 reactivation induces senescence in a subset of tumors, while in others, p53 induces necrosis. We pinpoint cyclophilins as critical determinants of a p53-induced transcriptional program that is specific to SCLC tumors and cell lines poised to undergo p53-mediated necrosis. Importantly, inhibition of cyclophilin isomerase activity, or genetic ablation of specific cyclophilin genes, suppresses p53-mediated necrosis by limiting p53 transcriptional output without impacting p53 chromatin binding. Our study demonstrates that intertumoral heterogeneity in SCLC influences the biological response to p53 restoration, describes a cyclophilin-dependent mechanism of p53-regulated cell death, and uncovers putative mechanisms for the treatment of this most-recalcitrant tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonuelle Acosta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinglan Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nelson F Freeburg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nivitha Murali
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Indeglia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grant P Grothusen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Cicchini
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hung Mai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy C Gladstein
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keren M Adler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine R Doerig
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Torres
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly L Manning
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maureen Murphy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Liling Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Feldser
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Mitra R, Adams CM, Eischen CM. Decoding the lncRNAome Across Diverse Cellular Stresses Reveals Core p53-effector Pan-cancer Suppressive lncRNAs. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:842-859. [PMID: 37377895 PMCID: PMC10173889 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerging as key contributors to malignancies, their transcriptional regulation, tissue-type expression under different conditions, and functions remain largely unknown. Developing a combined computational and experimental framework, which integrates pan-cancer RNAi/CRISPR screens, and genomic, epigenetic, and expression profiles (including single-cell RNA sequencing), we report across multiple cancers, core p53-transcriptionally regulated lncRNAs, which were thought to be primarily cell/tissue-specific. These lncRNAs were consistently directly transactivated by p53 with different cellular stresses in multiple cell types and associated with pan-cancer cell survival/growth suppression and patient survival. Our prediction results were verified through independent validation datasets, our own patient cohort, and cancer cell experiments. Moreover, a top predicted p53-effector tumor-suppressive lncRNA (we termed PTSL) inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation by modulating the G2 regulatory network, causing G2 cell-cycle arrest. Therefore, our results elucidated previously unreported, high-confidence core p53-targeted lncRNAs that suppress tumorigenesis across cell types and stresses. Significance Identification of pan-cancer suppressive lncRNAs transcriptionally regulated by p53 across different cellular stresses by integrating multilayered high-throughput molecular profiles. This study provides critical new insights into the p53 tumor suppressor by revealing the lncRNAs in the p53 cell-cycle regulatory network and their impact on cancer cell growth and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Clare M. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine M. Eischen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Ewunkem AJ, Deve M, Harrison SH, Muganda PM. Diepoxybutane induces the p53-dependent transactivation of the CCL4 gene that mediates apoptosis in exposed human lymphoblasts. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23316. [PMID: 36775894 PMCID: PMC10175094 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Diepoxybutane (DEB) is the most toxic metabolite of the environmental chemical 1,3-butadiene. We previously demonstrated the occurrence of DEB-induced p53-mediated apoptosis in human lymphoblasts. The p53 protein functions as a master transcriptional regulator in orchestrating the genomic response to a variety of stress signals. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that C-C chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) gene expression was elevated in a p53-dependent manner in DEB-exposed p53-proficient TK6 cells, but not in DEB-exposed p53-deficient NH32 cells. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether the CCL4 gene is a transcriptional target of p53 and deduce its role in DEB-induced apoptosis in human lymphoblasts. Endogenous and exogenous wild-type p53 transactivated the activity of the CCL4 promoter in DEB-exposed lymphoblasts, but mutant p53 activity on this promoter was reduced by ∼80% under the same experimental conditions. Knockdown of the upregulated CCL4 mRNA levels in p53-proficient TK6 cells inhibited DEB-induced apoptosis by ∼45%-50%. Collectively, these observations demonstrate for the first time that the CCL4 gene is upregulated by wild-type p53 at the transcriptional level, and this upregulation mediates apoptosis in DEB-exposed human lymphoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akamu J. Ewunkem
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411 USA
| | - Maya Deve
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411 USA
| | - Scott H. Harrison
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411 USA
| | - Perpetua M. Muganda
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411 USA
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15
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Tatavosian R, Donovan MG, Galbraith MD, Duc HN, Szwarc MM, Joshi MU, Frieman A, Bilousova G, Cao Y, Smith KP, Song K, Rachubinski AL, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. Cell differentiation modifies the p53 transcriptional program through a combination of gene silencing and constitutive transactivation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:952-965. [PMID: 36681780 PMCID: PMC10070495 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor is a master regulator of cellular responses to stress that is commonly inactivated in diverse cancer types. Despite decades of research, the mechanisms by which p53 impedes tumorigenesis across vastly different cellular contexts requires further investigation. The bulk of research has been completed using in vitro studies of cancer cell lines or in vivo studies in mouse models, but much less is known about p53 action in diverse non-transformed human tissues. Here, we investigated how different cellular states modify the p53 transcriptional program in human cells through a combination of computational analyses of publicly available large-scale datasets and in vitro studies using an isogenic system consisting of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and two derived lineages. Analysis of publicly available mRNA expression and genetic dependency data demonstrated wide variation in terms of expression and function of a core p53 transcriptional program across various tissues and lineages. To monitor the impact of cell differentiation on the p53 transcriptome within an isogenic cell culture system, we activated p53 by pharmacological inhibition of its negative regulator MDM2. Using cell phenotyping assays and genome wide transcriptome analyses, we demonstrated that cell differentiation confines and modifies the p53 transcriptional network in a lineage-specific fashion. Although hundreds of p53 target genes are transactivated in iPSCs, only a small fraction is transactivated in each of the differentiated lineages. Mechanistic studies using small molecule inhibitors and genetic knockdowns revealed the presence of two major regulatory mechanisms contributing to this massive heterogeneity across cellular states: gene silencing by epigenetic regulatory complexes and constitutive transactivation by lineage-specific transcription factors. Altogether, these results illuminate the impact of cell differentiation on the p53 program, thus advancing our understanding of how this tumor suppressor functions in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roubina Tatavosian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Micah G Donovan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Huy N Duc
- Functional Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Maria M Szwarc
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Molishree U Joshi
- Functional Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Amy Frieman
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ganna Bilousova
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yingqiong Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Functional Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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16
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Pant V, Sun C, Lozano G. Tissue specificity and spatio-temporal dynamics of the p53 transcriptional program. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:897-905. [PMID: 36755072 PMCID: PMC10070629 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors regulate hundreds of genes and p53 is no exception. As a stress responsive protein, p53 transactivates an array of downstream targets which define its role in maintaining physiological functions of cells/tissues. Despite decades of studies, our understanding of the p53 in vivo transcriptional program is still incomplete. Here we discuss some of the physiological stressors that activate p53, the pathological and physiological implications of p53 activation and the molecular profiling of the p53 transcriptional program in maintaining tissue homeostasis. We argue that the p53 transcriptional program is spatiotemporally regulated in a tissue-specific manner and define a p53 target signature that faithfully depicts p53 activity. We further emphasize that additional in vivo studies are needed to refine the p53 transactivation profile to harness it for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Pant
- Department of Genetics, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Genetics, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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17
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Li J, Koczor CA, Saville KM, Hayat F, Beiser A, McClellan S, Migaud ME, Sobol RW. Overcoming Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma via Enhanced NAD + Bioavailability and Inhibition of Poly-ADP-Ribose Glycohydrolase. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3572. [PMID: 35892832 PMCID: PMC9331395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an incurable brain cancer with an average survival of approximately 15 months. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA alkylating agent for the treatment of GBM. However, at least 50% of the patients treated with TMZ show poor response, primarily due to elevated expression of the repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) or due to defects in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. These resistance mechanisms are either somatic or arise in response to treatment, highlighting the need to uncover treatments to overcome resistance. We found that administration of the NAD+ precursor dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) to raise cellular NAD+ levels combined with PARG inhibition (PARGi) triggers hyperaccumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), resulting from both DNA damage-induced and replication-stress-induced PARP1 activation. Here, we show that the NRH/PARGi combination enhances the cytotoxicity of TMZ. Specifically, NRH rapidly increases NAD+ levels in both TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant GBM-derived cells and enhances the accumulation of PAR following TMZ treatment. Furthermore, NRH promotes hyperaccumulation of PAR in the presence of TMZ and PARGi. This combination strongly suppresses the cell growth of GBM cells depleted of MSH6 or cells expressing MGMT, suggesting that this regimen may improve the efficacy of TMZ to overcome treatment resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (J.L.); (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (F.H.); (A.B.); (M.E.M.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Christopher A. Koczor
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (J.L.); (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (F.H.); (A.B.); (M.E.M.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Kate M. Saville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (J.L.); (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (F.H.); (A.B.); (M.E.M.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (J.L.); (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (F.H.); (A.B.); (M.E.M.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Alison Beiser
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (J.L.); (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (F.H.); (A.B.); (M.E.M.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Steven McClellan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute Flow Cytometry SRL, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA;
| | - Marie E. Migaud
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (J.L.); (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (F.H.); (A.B.); (M.E.M.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (J.L.); (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (F.H.); (A.B.); (M.E.M.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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18
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p53 and Its Isoforms in Renal Cell Carcinoma—Do They Matter? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061330. [PMID: 35740352 PMCID: PMC9219959 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a transcription al factor responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. It has been shown that more than 50% of tumors are connected with mutations in the Tp53 gene. These mutations cause a disturbance in cellular response to stress, and eventually, cancer development. Apart from the full-length p53, at least twelve isoforms of p53 have been characterized. They are able to modulate p53 activity under stress conditions. In 2020, almost a half of million people around the world were diagnosed with renal cancer. One genetic disturbance which is linked to the most common type of kidney cancer, renal cell carcinoma, RCC, occurs from mutations in the VHL gene. Recent data has revealed that the VHL protein is needed to fully activate p53. Disturbance of the interplay between p53 and VHL seems to explain the lack of efficient response to chemotherapy in RCC. Moreover, it has been observed that changes in the expression of p53 isoforms are associated with different stages of RCC and overall survival. Thus, herein, an attempt was made to answer the question whether p53 and its isoforms are important factors in the development of RCC on the one hand, and in positive response to anti-RCC therapy on the other hand.
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19
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Gui B, Wang C, Xu X, Li C, Zhao Y, Su L. Identification of active or inactive agonists of tumor suppressor protein based on Tox21 library. Toxicology 2022; 474:153224. [PMID: 35659517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to xenobiotic human-made products can lead to genotoxicity and cause DNA damage. It is an urgent need to quickly identify the chemicals that cause DNA damage, and their toxicity should be predicted. In this study, recursive partitioning (RP), binary logistic regression, and one machine learning approach, namely, random forest (RF) classifier, were used to predict the active and inactive compounds of a total 5036 data based on the assay conducted by a β-lactamase reporter gene under control of the p53 response element (p53RE) from Tox21 library. Results show that the binary logistic regression model with a threshold of 0.5 has a high accuracy rate (83%) to distinguish active and inactive compounds. The RF classifier method has satisfactory results, with an accuracy rate (84.38%) approximately higher than that of binary logistic regression. The models established can identify compounds that induce DNA damage and activate p53, and provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment of organic chemicals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Gui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117 Jilin, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117 Jilin, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117 Jilin, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117 Jilin, PR China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117 Jilin, PR China
| | - Limin Su
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117 Jilin, PR China.
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20
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Advanced Strategies for Therapeutic Targeting of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040548. [PMID: 35454137 PMCID: PMC9029346 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activated by stressful stimuli; it upregulates target genes involved in growth suppression, cell death, DNA repair, metabolism, among others. TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in tumors, with mutations not only leading to loss-of-function (LOF), but also gain-of-function (GOF) that promotes tumor progression, and metastasis. The tumor-specific status of mutant p53 protein has suggested it is a promising target for cancer therapy. We summarize the current progress of targeting wild-type and mutant p53 for cancer therapy through biotherapeutic and biopharmaceutical methods for (1) boosting p53 activity in cancer, (2) p53-dependent and p53-independent strategies for targeting p53 pathway functional restoration in p53-mutated cancer, (3) targeting p53 in immunotherapy, and (4) combination therapies targeting p53, p53 checkpoints, or mutant p53 for cancer therapy.
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21
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Menendez D, Anand JR, Murphy CC, Bell WJ, Fu J, Slepushkina N, Buehler E, Martin SE, Lal-Nag M, Nitiss JL, Resnick MA. Etoposide-induced DNA damage is increased in p53 mutants: identification of ATR and other genes that influence effects of p53 mutations on Top2-induced cytotoxicity. Oncotarget 2022; 13:332-346. [PMID: 35178190 PMCID: PMC8845119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional status of the tumor suppressor p53 is a critical component in determining the sensitivity of cancer cells to many chemotherapeutic agents. DNA topoisomerase II (Top2) plays essential roles in DNA metabolism and is the target of FDA approved chemotherapeutic agents. Topoisomerase targeting drugs convert the enzyme into a DNA damaging agent and p53 influences cellular responses to these agents. We assessed the impact of the loss of p53 function on the formation of DNA damage induced by the Top2 poison etoposide. Using human HCT116 cells, we found resistance to etoposide in cell growth assays upon the functional loss of p53. Nonetheless, cells lacking fully functional p53 were etoposide hypersensitive in clonogenic survival assays. This complex role of p53 led us to directly examine the effects of p53 status on topoisomerase-induced DNA damage. A deficiency in functional p53 resulted in elevated levels of the Top2 covalent complexes (Top2cc) in multiple cell lines. Employing genome-wide siRNA screens, we identified a set of genes for which reduced expression resulted in enhanced synthetic lethality upon etoposide treatment of p53 defective cells. We focused on one hit from this screen, ATR, and showed that decreased expression sensitized the p53-defective cells to etoposide in all assays and generated elevated levels of Top2cc in both p53 proficient and deficient cells. Our findings suggest that a combination of etoposide treatment with functional inactivation of DNA repair in p53 defective cells could be used to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Top2 targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menendez
- Chromosomal Stability Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, NIH, Durham, NC 27709, USA
- Environmental Cardiopulmonary Disease Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS, NIH, Durham, NC 27709, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jay R. Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Carri C. Murphy
- Chromosomal Stability Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, NIH, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Whitney J. Bell
- Chromosomal Stability Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, NIH, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Nadia Slepushkina
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Eugen Buehler
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Scott E. Martin
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Madhu Lal-Nag
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - John L. Nitiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Michael A. Resnick
- Chromosomal Stability Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, NIH, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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22
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Coronel L, Häckes D, Schwab K, Riege K, Hoffmann S, Fischer M. p53-mediated AKT and mTOR inhibition requires RFX7 and DDIT4 and depends on nutrient abundance. Oncogene 2022; 41:1063-1069. [PMID: 34907345 PMCID: PMC8837532 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the tumor suppressor p53 has been increasingly recognized as a potent regulator of the cell metabolism and for its ability to inhibit the critical pro-survival kinases AKT and mTOR. The mechanisms through which p53 controls AKT and mTOR, however, are largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that p53 activates the metabolic regulator DDIT4 indirectly through the regulatory factor X 7 (RFX7). We provide evidence that DDIT4 is required for p53 to inhibit mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2)-dependent AKT activation. Most strikingly, we also find that the DDIT4 regulator RFX7 is required for p53-mediated inhibition of mTORC1 and AKT. Our results suggest that AMPK activation plays no role and p53-mediated AKT inhibition is not critical for p53-mediated mTORC1 inhibition. Moreover, using recently developed physiological cell culture media we uncover that basal p53 and RFX7 activity can play a critical role in restricting mTORC1 activity under physiological nutrient conditions, and we propose a nutrient-dependent model for p53-RFX7-mediated mTORC1 inhibition. These results establish RFX7 and its downstream target DDIT4 as essential effectors in metabolic control elicited by p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Coronel
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - David Häckes
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Katjana Schwab
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantin Riege
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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23
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p53-Dependent Repression: DREAM or Reality? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194850. [PMID: 34638334 PMCID: PMC8508069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor suppressor p53 is a complex cell signaling hub encompassing multiple transcription programs and governs a vast repertoire of biological responses. However, despite several decades of research, how p53 selects one program over another is still elusive. Recent attempts have used meta-analyses of p53 ChIP-seq data to determine the core p53 transcriptional program, conserved across different models and stimuli. This review highlights the complexity of the multiple layers of p53 regulation and the context specificity of p53 target genes. More specifically, we discuss the controversy over the mechanisms of p53-dependent transcriptional repression and its potential role in the flexibility of p53 response. Abstract p53 is a major tumor suppressor that integrates diverse types of signaling in mammalian cells. In response to a broad range of intra- or extra-cellular stimuli, p53 controls the expression of multiple target genes and elicits a vast repertoire of biological responses. The exact code by which p53 integrates the various stresses and translates them into an appropriate transcriptional response is still obscure. p53 is tightly regulated at multiple levels, leading to a wide diversity in p53 complexes on its target promoters and providing adaptability to its transcriptional program. As p53-targeted therapies are making their way into clinics, we need to understand how to direct p53 towards the desired outcome (i.e., cell death, senescence or other) selectively in cancer cells without affecting normal tissues or the immune system. While the core p53 transcriptional program has been proposed, the mechanisms conferring a cell type- and stimuli-dependent transcriptional outcome by p53 require further investigations. The mechanism by which p53 localizes to repressed promoters and manages its co-repressor interactions is controversial and remains an important gap in our understanding of the p53 cistrome. We hope that our review of the recent literature will help to stimulate the appreciation and investigation of largely unexplored p53-mediated repression.
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24
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Coronel L, Riege K, Schwab K, Förste S, Häckes D, Semerau L, Bernhart SH, Siebert R, Hoffmann S, Fischer M. Transcription factor RFX7 governs a tumor suppressor network in response to p53 and stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7437-7456. [PMID: 34197623 PMCID: PMC8287911 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its prominence, the mechanisms through which the tumor suppressor p53 regulates most genes remain unclear. Recently, the regulatory factor X 7 (RFX7) emerged as a suppressor of lymphoid neoplasms, but its regulation and target genes mediating tumor suppression remain unknown. Here, we identify a novel p53-RFX7 signaling axis. Integrative analysis of the RFX7 DNA binding landscape and the RFX7-regulated transcriptome in three distinct cell systems reveals that RFX7 directly controls multiple established tumor suppressors, including PDCD4, PIK3IP1, MXD4, and PNRC1, across cell types and is the missing link for their activation in response to p53 and stress. RFX7 target gene expression correlates with cell differentiation and better prognosis in numerous cancer types. Interestingly, we find that RFX7 sensitizes cells to Doxorubicin by promoting apoptosis. Together, our work establishes RFX7’s role as a ubiquitous regulator of cell growth and fate determination and a key node in the p53 transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Coronel
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantin Riege
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Katjana Schwab
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Förste
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - David Häckes
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lena Semerau
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan H Bernhart
- Transcriptome Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
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25
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The p53 transcriptional response across tumor types reveals core and senescence-specific signatures modulated by long noncoding RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025539118. [PMID: 34326251 PMCID: PMC8346867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025539118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The work by Tesfaye and colleagues defines universal and tumor type–specific features of the p53 tumor suppressor transcriptional network. This study determines a “core” signature of the p53 response across different oncogenic contexts, which defines a universal set of p53 target genes. In addition, this study clarifies the basis for outcome specificity downstream of p53 activation in different oncogenic contexts. We observe that while apoptosis in lymphoma cells is not primarily determined by p53’s transcriptional activity, p53 indirectly promotes senescence in lung adenocarcinoma and sarcoma cells by activating the cis-regulatory long noncoding RNA Pvt1b, which represses Myc levels and its proliferative function. The p53 pathway is a universal tumor suppressor mechanism that limits tumor progression by triggering apoptosis or permanent cell cycle arrest, called senescence. In recent years, efforts to reactivate p53 function in cancer have proven to be a successful therapeutic strategy in murine models and have gained traction with the development of a range of small molecules targeting mutant p53. However, knowledge of the downstream mediators of p53 reactivation in different oncogenic contexts has been limited. Here, we utilized a panel of murine cancer cell lines from three distinct tumor types susceptible to alternative outcomes following p53 restoration to define unique and shared p53 transcriptional signatures. While we found that the majority of p53-bound sites and p53-responsive transcripts are tumor-type specific, analysis of shared targets identified a core signature of genes activated by p53 across all contexts. Furthermore, we identified repression of E2F and Myc target genes as a key feature of senescence. Characterization of p53-induced transcripts revealed core and senescence-specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are predominantly chromatin associated and whose production is coupled to cis-regulatory activities. Functional investigation of the contributions of p53-induced lncRNAs to p53-dependent outcomes highlighted Pvt1b, the p53-dependent isoform of Pvt1, as a mediator of p53-dependent senescence via Myc repression. Inhibition of Pvt1b led to decreased activation of senescence markers and increased levels of markers of proliferation. These findings shed light on the core and outcome-specific p53 restoration signatures across different oncogenic contexts and underscore the key role of the p53-Pvt1b-Myc regulatory axis in mediating proliferative arrest.
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26
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Liao H, Gaur A, Mauvais C, Denicourt C. p53 induces a survival transcriptional response after nucleolar stress. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar3. [PMID: 34319761 PMCID: PMC8684752 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that increased ribosome biogenesis is a hallmark of cancer. It is well established that inhibition of any steps of ribosome biogenesis induces nucleolar stress characterized by p53 activation and subsequent cell cycle arrest and/or cell death. However, cells derived from solid tumors have demonstrated different degrees of sensitivity to ribosome biogenesis inhibition, where cytostatic effects rather than apoptosis are observed. The reason for this is not clear, and the p53-specific transcriptional program induced after nucleolar stress has not been previously investigated. Here we demonstrate that blocking rRNA synthesis by depletion of essential rRNA processing factors such as LAS1L, PELP1, and NOP2 or by inhibition of RNA Pol I with the specific small molecule inhibitor CX-5461, mainly induce cell cycle arrest accompanied by autophagy in solid tumor–derived cell lines. Using gene expression analysis, we find that p53 orchestrates a transcriptional program involved in promoting metabolic remodeling and autophagy to help cells survive under nucleolar stress. Importantly, our study demonstrates that blocking autophagy significantly sensitizes cancer cells to RNA Pol I inhibition by CX-5461, suggesting that interfering with autophagy should be considered a strategy to heighten the responsiveness of ribosome biogenesis–targeted therapies in p53-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anushri Gaur
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claire Mauvais
- Current address: UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Catherine Denicourt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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27
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Meng D, Guo K, Zhang D, Zhao C, Sun C, Zhang F. Ring finger 20/ring finger 40/WW domain-containing adaptor with coiled-coil complex interacts with p53 to regulate gene transcription in DNA damage response. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:436. [PMID: 33868474 PMCID: PMC8045150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, and its primary function is to act as a transcriptional activator to control cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and cellular metabolism by recognizing and binding to specific DNA sequences. Defects in the ring finger (RNF)20/RNF40/WW domain-containing adaptor with coiled-coil (WAC) complex, one of the histone H2B ubiquitination E3 ligases, have been reported to be a key factor in oncogenesis, cancer cell migration and invasion. Histone H2B mono-ubiquitination has been demonstrated to be essential for maintaining the functionality of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The aim of the present study was to identify any sites in the p53 DNA-binding domain (DBD) specific to the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex that may be involved in the gene regulation in DNA damage response. The results demonstrated that p53 and the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex interacted with each other, and the coiled-coil regions in RNF20, RNF40 and WAC were identified to directly interact with p53. The R282 site in the p53 DBD, one of the frequent missense mutations associated with p53 mutation-dependent cancer, was demonstrated to be the key binding site for the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex. Furthermore, knockout of RNF20/RNF40 suppressed the expression levels of p53 and its target genes in HCT116 cells compared with those in wild-type HCT116 cells. Consistent with these results, the R282W mutation in p53 inhibited the expression levels of p53 and its downstream genes by inactivating the interaction between p53 and RNF20/RNF40 compared with those in wild-type HCT116 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed the molecular mechanism of the interaction between the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex and p53, and demonstrated that these proteins regulated gene transcription in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Die Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwen Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
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28
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Valente LJ, Tarangelo A, Li AM, Naciri M, Raj N, Boutelle AM, Li Y, Mello SS, Bieging-Rolett K, DeBerardinis RJ, Ye J, Dixon SJ, Attardi LD. p53 deficiency triggers dysregulation of diverse cellular processes in physiological oxygen. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152074. [PMID: 32886745 PMCID: PMC7594498 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which TP53, the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, suppresses tumorigenesis remain unclear. p53 modulates various cellular processes, such as apoptosis and proliferation, which has led to distinct cellular mechanisms being proposed for p53-mediated tumor suppression in different contexts. Here, we asked whether during tumor suppression p53 might instead regulate a wide range of cellular processes. Analysis of mouse and human oncogene-expressing wild-type and p53-deficient cells in physiological oxygen conditions revealed that p53 loss concurrently impacts numerous distinct cellular processes, including apoptosis, genome stabilization, DNA repair, metabolism, migration, and invasion. Notably, some phenotypes were uncovered only in physiological oxygen. Transcriptomic analysis in this setting highlighted underappreciated functions modulated by p53, including actin dynamics. Collectively, these results suggest that p53 simultaneously governs diverse cellular processes during transformation suppression, an aspect of p53 function that would provide a clear rationale for its frequent inactivation in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz J Valente
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Amy Tarangelo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Albert Mao Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Marwan Naciri
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nitin Raj
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Anthony M Boutelle
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Stephano Spano Mello
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Kathryn Bieging-Rolett
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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29
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Senitzki A, Safieh J, Sharma V, Golovenko D, Danin-Poleg Y, Inga A, Haran TE. The complex architecture of p53 binding sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1364-1382. [PMID: 33444431 PMCID: PMC7897521 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions are at the heart of the response of the tumor-suppressor p53 to numerous physiological and stress-related signals. Large variability has been previously reported in p53 binding to and transactivating from p53 response elements (REs) due, at least in part, to changes in direct (base) and indirect (shape) readouts of p53 REs. Here, we dissect p53 REs to decipher the mechanism by which p53 optimizes this highly regulated variable level of interaction with its DNA binding sites. We show that hemi-specific binding is more prevalent in p53 REs than previously envisioned. We reveal that sequences flanking the REs modulate p53 binding and activity and show that these effects extend to 4–5 bp from the REs. Moreover, we show here that the arrangement of p53 half-sites within its REs, relative to transcription direction, has been fine-tuned by selection pressure to optimize and regulate the response levels from p53 REs. This directionality in the REs arrangement is at least partly encoded in the structural properties of the REs. Furthermore, we show here that in the p21-5′ RE the orientation of the half-sites is such that the effect of the flanking sequences is minimized and we discuss its advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Senitzki
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jessy Safieh
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Vasundhara Sharma
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Dmitrij Golovenko
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yael Danin-Poleg
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Alberto Inga
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Tali E Haran
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Tian X, Ahsan N, Lulla A, Lev A, Abbosh P, Dicker DT, Zhang S, El-Deiry WS. P53-independent partial restoration of the p53 pathway in tumors with mutated p53 through ATF4 transcriptional modulation by ERK1/2 and CDK9. Neoplasia 2021; 23:304-325. [PMID: 33582407 PMCID: PMC7890376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-term goal in the cancer-field has been to develop strategies for treating p53-mutated tumors. A novel small-molecule, PG3-Oc, restores p53 pathway-signaling in tumor cells with mutant-p53, independently of p53/p73. PG3-Oc partially upregulates the p53-transcriptome (13.7% of public p53 target-gene dataset; 15.2% of in-house dataset) and p53-proteome (18%, HT29; 16%, HCT116-p53−/−). Bioinformatic analysis indicates critical p53-effectors of growth-arrest (p21), apoptosis (PUMA, DR5, Noxa), autophagy (DRAM1), and metastasis-suppression (NDRG1) are induced by PG3-Oc. ERK1/2- and CDK9-kinases are required to upregulate ATF4 by PG3-Oc which restores p53 transcriptomic-targets in cells without functional-p53. PG3-Oc represses MYC (ATF4-independent), and upregulates PUMA (ATF4-dependent) in mediating cell death. With largely nonoverlapping transcriptomes, induced-ATF4 restores p53 transcriptomic targets in drug-treated cells including functionally important mediators such as PUMA and DR5. Our results demonstrate novel p53-independent drug-induced molecular reprogramming involving ERK1/2, CDK9, and ATF4 to restore upregulation of p53 effector genes required for cell death and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Tian
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; COBRE Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amriti Lulla
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avital Lev
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Abbosh
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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31
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Riege K, Kretzmer H, Sahm A, McDade SS, Hoffmann S, Fischer M. Dissecting the DNA binding landscape and gene regulatory network of p63 and p53. eLife 2020; 9:e63266. [PMID: 33263276 PMCID: PMC7735755 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is the best-known tumor suppressor, but its sibling p63 is a master regulator of epidermis development and a key oncogenic driver in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Despite multiple gene expression studies becoming available, the limited overlap of reported p63-dependent genes has made it difficult to decipher the p63 gene regulatory network. Particularly, analyses of p63 response elements differed substantially among the studies. To address this intricate data situation, we provide an integrated resource that enables assessing the p63-dependent regulation of any human gene of interest. We use a novel iterative de novo motif search approach in conjunction with extensive ChIP-seq data to achieve a precise global distinction between p53-and p63-binding sites, recognition motifs, and potential co-factors. We integrate these data with enhancer:gene associations to predict p63 target genes and identify those that are commonly de-regulated in SCC representing candidates for prognosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Riege
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsBerlinGermany
| | - Arne Sahm
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Simon S McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
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Sammons MA, Nguyen TAT, McDade SS, Fischer M. Tumor suppressor p53: from engaging DNA to target gene regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:8848-8869. [PMID: 32797160 PMCID: PMC7498329 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor confers its potent tumor suppressor functions primarily through the regulation of a large network of target genes. The recent explosion of next generation sequencing protocols has enabled the study of the p53 gene regulatory network (GRN) and underlying mechanisms at an unprecedented depth and scale, helping us to understand precisely how p53 controls gene regulation. Here, we discuss our current understanding of where and how p53 binds to DNA and chromatin, its pioneer-like role, and how this affects gene regulation. We provide an overview of the p53 GRN and the direct and indirect mechanisms through which p53 affects gene regulation. In particular, we focus on delineating the ubiquitous and cell type-specific network of regulatory elements that p53 engages; reviewing our understanding of how, where, and when p53 binds to DNA and the mechanisms through which these events regulate transcription. Finally, we discuss the evolution of the p53 GRN and how recent work has revealed remarkable differences between vertebrates, which are of particular importance to cancer researchers using mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Sammons
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Thuy-Ai T Nguyen
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory and Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Simon S McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Byrgazov K, Anderson C, Salzer B, Bozsaky E, Larsson R, Gullbo J, Lehner M, Lehmann F, Slipicevic A, Kager L, Fryknäs M, Taschner-Mandl S. Targeting aggressive osteosarcoma with a peptidase-enhanced cytotoxic melphalan flufenamide. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920937891. [PMID: 32774473 PMCID: PMC7391428 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920937891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low survival rates in metastatic high-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS) have remained stagnant for the last three decades. This study aims to investigate the role of aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) in HGOS progression and its targeting with a novel lipophilic peptidase-enhanced cytotoxic compound melphalan flufenamide (melflufen) in HGOS. Methods: Meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets was performed to determine the impact of ANPEP gene expression on metastasis-free survival of HGOS patients. The efficacy of standard-of-care anti-neoplastic drugs and a lipophilic peptidase-enhanced cytotoxic conjugate melflufen was investigated in patient-derived HGOS ex vivo models and cell lines. The kinetics of apoptosis and necrosis induced by melflufen and doxorubicin were compared. Anti-neoplastic effects of melflufen were investigated in vivo. Results: Elevated ANPEP expression in diagnostic biopsies of HGOS patients was found to significantly reduce metastasis-free survival. In drug sensitivity assays, melflufen has shown an anti-proliferative effect in HGOS ex vivo samples and cell lines, including those resistant to methotrexate, etoposide, doxorubicin, and PARP inhibitors. Further, HGOS cells treated with melflufen displayed a rapid induction of apoptosis and this sensitivity correlated with high expression of ANPEP. In combination treatments, melflufen demonstrated synergy with doxorubicin in killing HGOS cells. Finally, Melflufen displayed anti-tumor growth and anti-metastatic effects in vivo. Conclusion: This study may pave the way for use of melflufen as an adjuvant to doxorubicin in improving the therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of metastatic HGOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claes Anderson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Salzer
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Bozsaky
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Manfred Lehner
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Leo Kager
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna and Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Dang T, Chai J. Molecular Dynamics in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Who's in Control? Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:789-801. [PMID: 32691711 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200720011341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the fastest-growing cancers in the world. It occurs primarily due to the chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), during which the esophageal epithelium is frequently exposed to the acidic fluid coming up from the stomach. This triggers gene mutations in the esophageal cells, which may lead to EAC development. While p53 is activated to get rid of the mutated cells, NFκB orchestrates the remaining cells to heal the wound. However, if the mutations happen to TP53 (a common occasion), the mutant product turns to support tumorigenesis. In this case, NFκB goes along with the mutant p53 to facilitate cancer progression. TRAIL is one of the cytokines produced in response to GERD episodes and it can kill cancer cells selectively, but its clinical use has not been as successful as expected, because some highly sophisticated defense mechanisms against TRAIL have developed during the malignancy. To clear the obstacles for TRAIL action, using a second agent to disarm the cancer cells is required. CCN1 appears to be such a molecule. While supporting normal esophageal cell growth, CCN1 suppresses malignant transformation by inhibiting NFκB and kills the EAC cell through TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Dang
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases; Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Prevention and
Treatment of Digestive Diseases; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 30 Hudemulin Rd, Baotou, 014030, China
| | - Jianyuan Chai
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive Diseases; Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Prevention and
Treatment of Digestive Diseases; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 30 Hudemulin Rd, Baotou, 014030, China,Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Injury and Cancer, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA90822, USA,College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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35
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Mpingirika EZ, El Hosseiny A, Bakheit SMS, Arafeh R, Amleh A. Potential Anticancer Activity of Crude Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Water Extracts of Ephedra foeminea on Human Osteosarcoma U2OS Cell Viability and Migration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3837693. [PMID: 32695811 PMCID: PMC7368211 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3837693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are potential sources for a wide range of complex compounds with probable anticancer activity. Ephedra foeminea Forssk. (E. foeminea), a medicinal plant found in the Eastern Mediterranean, has recently been gaining popularity as a cancer remedy; there is, however, a paucity of empirical evidence supporting this claim. In this study, the effect of E. foeminea ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water crude extracts on viability, migratory ability, and the steady-state mRNA levels of genes involved in these processes was, respectively, examined using MTT assay, wound healing assay, and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The study concludes that all extracts significantly reduce human osteosarcoma U2OS percentage viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with varying potencies. The least half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was observed in the water extract after 48 h incubation (30.761 ± 1.4 μg/mL) followed by the ethyl acetate extract after 72 h incubation (80.35 ± 1.233 μg/mL) and finally the ethanol extract after 48 h incubation (97.499 ± 1.188 μg/mL). Ethanol extract significantly reduced U2OS percentage wound closure. On the other hand, both ethanol and water extracts considerably reduced the steady-state mRNA expression of beta-catenin, promoting both cell proliferation and migration in osteosarcoma by regulating target genes. Additionally, E. foeminea showed no hemolytic activity. These effects suggest that E. foeminea decreases U2OS cell viability and migratory ability by modulating the expression of critical genes involved in regulating these processes and is likely cytocompatible with human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed El Hosseiny
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | | | - Rami Arafeh
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, State of Palestine
| | - Asma Amleh
- Biotechnology Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Mutant P53 induces MELK expression by release of wild-type P53-dependent suppression of FOXM1. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:2. [PMID: 31909186 PMCID: PMC6941974 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer, and is associated with a poor prognosis due to frequent distant metastasis and lack of effective targeted therapies. Previously, we identified maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) to be highly expressed in TNBCs as compared with ER-positive breast cancers. Here we determined the molecular mechanism by which MELK is overexpressed in TNBCs. Analysis of publicly available data sets revealed that MELK mRNA is elevated in p53-mutant breast cancers. Consistent with this observation, MELK protein levels are higher in p53-mutant vs. p53 wild-type breast cancer cells. Furthermore, inactivation of wild-type p53, by loss or mutation of the p53 gene, increases MELK expression, whereas overexpression of wild-type p53 in p53-null cells reduces MELK promoter activity and MELK expression. We further analyzed MELK expression in breast cancer data sets and compared that with known wild-type p53 target genes. This analysis revealed that MELK expression strongly correlates with genes known to be suppressed by wild-type p53. Promoter deletion studies identified a p53-responsive region within the MELK promoter that did not map to the p53 consensus response elements, but to a region containing a FOXM1-binding site. Consistent with this result, knockdown of FOXM1 reduced MELK expression in p53-mutant TNBC cells and expression of wild-type p53 reduced FOXM1 expression. ChIP assays demonstrated that expression of wild-type p53 reduces binding of E2F1 (a critical transcription factor controlling FOXM1 expression) to the FOXM1 promoter, thereby, reducing FOXM1 expression. These results show that wild-type p53 suppresses FOXM1 expression, and thus MELK expression, through indirect mechanisms. Overall, these studies demonstrate that wild-type p53 represses MELK expression by inhibiting E2F1A-dependent transcription of FOXM1 and that mutation-driven loss of wild-type p53, which frequently occurs in TNBCs, induces MELK expression by suppressing FOXM1 expression and activity in p53-mutant breast cancers.
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Fomin V, Prives C. Discovering Transcription Factor Noncoding RNA Targets Using ChIP-Seq Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2108:305-312. [PMID: 31939191 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0247-8_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing enables large-scale analysis of mRNA expression (RNA-seq), genome variance (whole genome or exome), and transcription factor binding (ChIP-seq). Here we describe a method that allows the identification of transcription factor-binding sites in the vicinity of nonprotein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalay Fomin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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38
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Nguyen TAT, Grimm SA, Bushel PR, Li J, Li Y, Bennett BD, Lavender CA, Ward JM, Fargo DC, Anderson CW, Li L, Resnick MA, Menendez D. Revealing a human p53 universe. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8153-8167. [PMID: 30107566 PMCID: PMC6144829 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 transcriptional networks are well-characterized in many organisms. However, a global understanding of requirements for in vivo p53 interactions with DNA and relationships with transcription across human biological systems in response to various p53 activating situations remains limited. Using a common analysis pipeline, we analyzed 41 data sets from genome-wide ChIP-seq studies of which 16 have associated gene expression data, including our recent primary data with normal human lymphocytes. The resulting extensive analysis, accessible at p53 BAER hub via the UCSC browser, provides a robust platform to characterize p53 binding throughout the human genome including direct influence on gene expression and underlying mechanisms. We establish the impact of spacers and mismatches from consensus on p53 binding in vivo and propose that once bound, neither significantly influences the likelihood of expression. Our rigorous approach revealed a large p53 genome-wide cistrome composed of >900 genes directly targeted by p53. Importantly, we identify a core cistrome signature composed of genes appearing in over half the data sets, and we identify signatures that are treatment- or cell-specific, demonstrating new functions for p53 in cell biology. Our analysis reveals a broad homeostatic role for human p53 that is relevant to both basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Ai T Nguyen
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sara A Grimm
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Pierre R Bushel
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jianying Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Brian D Bennett
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Christopher A Lavender
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - James M Ward
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David C Fargo
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Office of Scientific Computing, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Carl W Anderson
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael A Resnick
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Daniel Menendez
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Huang J, Wong CC, Zhai J, Li C, Wei G, Zhao L, Wang G, Wei H, Zhao Z, Yu J. TRIM67 Activates p53 to Suppress Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4086-4098. [PMID: 31239268 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins participate in a variety of important cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, and senescence. In this study, we demonstrated that a novel TRIM family member, TRIM67, was commonly silenced in colorectal cancer and its downregulation was associated with poor survival. Trim67 knockout in ApcMin/+ mice increased the incidence, multiplicity, and burden of colorectal tumors. Similarly, colon-specific knockout of Trim67 significantly accelerated azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer in mice. RNA sequencing revealed that the antitumor effect of TRIM67 was mediated by activation of the p53 signaling pathway. TRIM67 interacted directly with the C-terminus of p53, inhibiting p53 degradation by its ubiquitin ligase MDM2. TRIM67 was also a transcriptional target of p53; upon cellular stress, p53 bound to the TRIM67 promoter and induced significant upregulation of TRIM67, thereby forming a TRIM67/p53 self-amplifying loop that boosts p53-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Consequently, loss of this p53-positive regulatory program profoundly compromised p53-mediated responses to chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. Dampened p53 response was also observed in tumors of Trim67 knockout mice and Trim67 knockout embryonic fibroblasts. TRIM67 reactivation restored p53 activation and sensitized colorectal cancer cells to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. TRIM67 thus functions as a pivotal tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer and is a potential target for improving chemotherapy responsiveness. SIGNIFICANCE: The TRIM67/p53 axis represents a novel therapeutic target that could be harnessed to improve chemotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer expressing wild-type p53 but with repressed p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yanquan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Junzhe Huang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianning Zhai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chuangen Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guifeng Wei
- Developmental Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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40
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Häfner AK, Kahnt AS, Steinhilber D. Beyond leukotriene formation—The noncanonical functions of 5-lipoxygenase. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 142:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Catizone AN, Good CR, Alexander KA, Berger SL, Sammons MA. Comparison of genotoxic versus nongenotoxic stabilization of p53 provides insight into parallel stress-responsive transcriptional networks. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:809-823. [PMID: 30966857 PMCID: PMC6527265 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1593643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is activated in response to diverse intrinsic and extrinsic cellular stresses and controls a broad cell-protective gene network. Whether p53:DNA binding and subsequent transcriptional activation differs downstream of these diverse intrinsic and extrinsic activators is controversial. Using primary human fibroblasts, we assessed the genome-wide profile of p53 binding, chromatin structure, and transcriptional dynamics after either genotoxic or nongenotoxic activation of p53. Activation of p53 by treatment with either etoposide or the small-molecule MDM2 inhibitor nutlin 3A yields strikingly similar genome-wide binding of p53 and concomitant changes to local chromatin modifications and structure. DNA damage, but not p53 activation per se, leads to increased expression of genes in an inflammatory cytokine pathway. The NF-κB pathway inhibitor Bay 11-7082 abrogates etoposide-mediated activation of the inflammation gene signature but does not affect expression of canonical p53 target genes. Our data demonstrate that differential activation of p53 within the same cell type leads to highly similar genome-wide binding, chromatin dynamics, and gene expression dynamics and that DNA damage-mediated signaling through NF-κB likely controls the observed pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Catizone
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Charly Ryan Good
- Epigenetics Institute, Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine A. Alexander
- Epigenetics Institute, Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Epigenetics Institute, Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Morgan A. Sammons
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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42
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Kurtz P, Jones AE, Tiwari B, Link N, Wylie A, Tracy C, Krämer H, Abrams JM. Drosophila p53 directs nonapoptotic programs in postmitotic tissue. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1339-1351. [PMID: 30892991 PMCID: PMC6724604 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-12-0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers, and despite intensive research efforts, genome-scale studies of p53 function in whole animal models are rare. The need for such in vivo studies is underscored by recent challenges to established paradigms, indicating that unappreciated p53 functions contribute to cancer prevention. Here we leveraged the Drosophila system to interrogate p53 function in a postmitotic context. In the developing embryo, p53 robustly activates important apoptotic genes in response to radiation-induced DNA damage. We recently showed that a p53 enhancer (p53RErpr) near the cell death gene reaper forms chromatin contacts and enables p53 target activation across long genomic distances. Interestingly, we found that this canonical p53 apoptotic program fails to activate in adult heads. Moreover, this failure to exhibit apoptotic responses was not associated with altered chromatin contacts. Instead, we determined that p53 does not occupy the p53RErpr enhancer in this postmitotic tissue as it does in embryos. Through comparative RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq studies of developing and postmitotic tissues, we further determined that p53 regulates distinct transcriptional programs in adult heads, including DNA repair, metabolism, and proteolysis genes. Strikingly, in the postmitotic context, p53-binding landscapes were poorly correlated with nearby transcriptional effects, raising the possibility that p53 enhancers could be generally acting through long distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kurtz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Amanda E Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bhavana Tiwari
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Nichole Link
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Annika Wylie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Charles Tracy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Helmut Krämer
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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43
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Central role of the p53 pathway in the noncoding-RNA response to oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 9:2559-2586. [PMID: 29242407 PMCID: PMC5764393 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in many conditions. Specifically, redox imbalance inhibits endothelial cell (EC) growth, inducing cell death and senescence. We used global transcriptome profiling to investigate the involvement of noncoding-RNAs in these phenotypes. By RNA-sequencing, transcriptome changes were analyzed in human ECs exposed to H2O2, highlighting a pivotal role of p53-signaling. Bioinformatic analysis and validation in p53-silenced ECs, identified several p53-targets among both mRNAs and long noncoding-RNAs (lncRNAs), including MALAT1 and NEAT1. Among microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-192-5p was the most induced by H2O2 treatment, in a p53-dependent manner. Down-modulated mRNA-targets of miR-192-5p were involved in cell cycle, DNA repair and stress response. Accordingly, miR-192-5p overexpression significantly decreased EC proliferation, inducing cell death. A central role of the p53-pathway was also confirmed by the analysis of differential exon usage: Upon H2O2 treatment, the expression of p53-dependent 5'-isoforms of MDM2 and PVT1 increased selectively. The transcriptomic alterations identified in H2O2-treated ECs were also observed in other physiological and pathological conditions where redox control plays a fundamental role, such as ECs undergoing replicative senescence, skeletal muscles of critical limb-ischemia patients and the peripheral-blood mononuclear cells of long-living individuals. Collectively, these findings indicate a prominent role of noncoding-RNAs in oxidative stress response.
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44
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Marcel V, Nguyen Van Long F, Diaz JJ. 40 Years of Research Put p53 in Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E152. [PMID: 29883412 PMCID: PMC5977125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1979, p53 has shown multiple facets. Initially the tumor suppressor p53 protein was considered as a stress sensor able to maintain the genome integrity by regulating transcription of genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA repair. However, it rapidly came into light that p53 regulates gene expression to control a wider range of biological processes allowing rapid cell adaptation to environmental context. Among them, those related to cancer have been extensively documented. In addition to its role as transcription factor, scattered studies reported that p53 regulates miRNA processing, modulates protein activity by direct interaction or exhibits RNA-binding activity, thus suggesting a role of p53 in regulating several layers of gene expression not restricted to transcription. After 40 years of research, it appears more and more clearly that p53 is strongly implicated in translational regulation as well as in the control of the production and activity of the translational machinery. Translation control of specific mRNAs could provide yet unsuspected capabilities to this well-known guardian of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Marcel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Flora Nguyen Van Long
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
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45
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Li XL, Subramanian M, Jones MF, Chaudhary R, Singh DK, Zong X, Gryder B, Sindri S, Mo M, Schetter A, Wen X, Parvathaneni S, Kazandjian D, Jenkins LM, Tang W, Elloumi F, Martindale JL, Huarte M, Zhu Y, Robles AI, Frier SM, Rigo F, Cam M, Ambs S, Sharma S, Harris CC, Dasso M, Prasanth KV, Lal A. Long Noncoding RNA PURPL Suppresses Basal p53 Levels and Promotes Tumorigenicity in Colorectal Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2408-2423. [PMID: 28877474 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal p53 levels are tightly suppressed under normal conditions. Disrupting this regulation results in elevated p53 levels to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. Here, we report the suppression of basal p53 levels by a nuclear, p53-regulated long noncoding RNA that we termed PURPL (p53 upregulated regulator of p53 levels). Targeted depletion of PURPL in colorectal cancer cells results in elevated basal p53 levels and induces growth defects in cell culture and in mouse xenografts. PURPL associates with MYBBP1A, a protein that binds to and stabilizes p53, and inhibits the formation of the p53-MYBBP1A complex. In the absence of PURPL, MYBBP1A interacts with and stabilizes p53. Silencing MYBBP1A significantly rescues basal p53 levels and proliferation in PURPL-deficient cells, suggesting that MYBBP1A mediates the effect of PURPL in regulating p53. These results reveal a p53-PURPL auto-regulatory feedback loop and demonstrate a role for PURPL in maintaining basal p53 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling Li
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Murugan Subramanian
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew F Jones
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ritu Chaudhary
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deepak K Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xinying Zong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Berkley Gryder
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sivasish Sindri
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min Mo
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aaron Schetter
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Swetha Parvathaneni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Dickran Kazandjian
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fathi Elloumi
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maite Huarte
- Center for Applied Medical Research, Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yuelin Zhu
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 28092, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sudha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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46
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Stiewe T, Haran TE. How mutations shape p53 interactions with the genome to promote tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:27-43. [PMID: 29857816 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive transcription factor p53 regulates a wide array of cellular processes that confer upon cells an essential protection against cancer development. Wild-type p53 regulates gene expression by directly binding to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. p53 missense mutations are the most common mutations in malignant cells and can be regarded as synonymous with anticancer drug resistance and poor prognosis. The current review provides an overview of how the extraordinary variety of more than 2000 different mutant p53 proteins, known as the p53 mutome, affect the interaction of p53 with DNA. We discuss how the classification of p53 mutations to loss of function (LOF), gain of function (GOF), and dominant-negative (DN) inhibition of a remaining wild-type allele, hides a complex p53 mutation spectrum that depends on the distinctive nature of each mutant protein, requiring different therapeutic strategies for each mutant p53 protein. We propose to regard the different mutant p53 categories as continuous variables, that may not be independent of each other. In particular, we suggest here to consider GOF mutations as a special subset of LOF mutations, especially when mutant p53 binds to DNA through cooperation with other transcription factors, and we present a model for GOF mechanism that consolidates many observations on the GOF phenomenon. We review how novel mutant p53 targeting approaches aim to restore a wild-type-like DNA interaction and to overcome resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tali E Haran
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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47
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Menendez D, Lowe JM, Snipe J, Resnick MA. Ligand dependent restoration of human TLR3 signaling and death in p53 mutant cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61630-61642. [PMID: 27533082 PMCID: PMC5308678 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity within the p53 transcriptional network can arise from a matrix of changes that include target response element sequences and p53 expression level variations. We previously found that wild type p53 (WT p53) can regulate expression of most innate immune-related Toll-like-receptor genes (TLRs) in human cells, thereby affecting immune responses. Since many tumor-associated p53 mutants exhibit change-of-spectrum transactivation from various p53 targets, we examined the ability of twenty-five p53 mutants to activate endogenous expression of the TLR gene family in p53 null human cancer cell lines following transfection with p53 mutant expression vectors. While many mutants retained the ability to drive TLR expression at WT levels, others exhibited null, limited, or change-of-spectrum transactivation of TLR genes. Using TLR3 signaling as a model, we show that some cancer-associated p53 mutants amplify cytokine, chemokine and apoptotic responses after stimulation by the cognate ligand poly(I:C). Furthermore, restoration of WT p53 activity for loss-of-function p53 mutants by the p53 reactivating drug RITA restored p53 regulation of TLR3 gene expression and enhanced DNA damage-induced apoptosis via TLR3 signaling. Overall, our findings have many implications for understanding the impact of WT and mutant p53 in immunological responses and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menendez
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, Inflammation Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Julie M Lowe
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, Inflammation Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Immunity, Inflammation Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Joyce Snipe
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, Inflammation Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael A Resnick
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, Inflammation Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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48
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Zerdoumi Y, Lanos R, Raad S, Flaman JM, Bougeard G, Frebourg T, Tournier I. Germline TP53 mutations result into a constitutive defect of p53 DNA binding and transcriptional response to DNA damage. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:2591-2602. [PMID: 28369373 PMCID: PMC5886078 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) results from heterozygous germline mutations of TP53, encoding a key transcriptional factor activated in response to DNA damage. We have recently shown, from a large LFS series, that dominant-negative missense mutations are the most clinically severe and, thanks to a new p53 functional assay in lymphocytes, that they alter the p53 transcriptional response to DNA damage more drastically than null mutations. In this study, we first confirmed this observation by performing the p53 functional assay in lymphocytes from 56 TP53 mutation carriers harbouring 35 distinct alterations. Then, to compare the impact of the different types of germline TP53 mutations on DNA binding, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in lymphocytes exposed to doxorubicin. ChIP-Seq performed in wild-type TP53 control lymphocytes accurately mapped 1287 p53-binding sites. New p53-binding sites were validated using a functional assay in yeast. ChIP-Seq analysis of LFS lymphocytes carrying TP53 null mutations (p.P152Rfs*18 or complete deletion) or the low penetrant ‘Brazilian’ p.R337H mutation revealed a moderate decrease of p53-binding sites (949, 580 and 620, respectively) and of ChIP-Seq peak depths. In contrast, analysis of LFS lymphocytes with TP53 dominant-negative missense mutations p.R273H or p.R248W revealed only 310 and 143 p53-binding sites, respectively, and the depths of the corresponding peaks were drastically reduced. Altogether, our results show that TP53 mutation carriers exhibit a constitutive defect of the transcriptional response to DNA damage and that the clinical severity of TP53 dominant-negative missense mutations is explained by a massive and global alteration of p53 DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Zerdoumi
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Raphaël Lanos
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Sabine Raad
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëlle Bougeard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Tournier
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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49
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Covino DA, Gauzzi MC, Fantuzzi L. Understanding the regulation of APOBEC3 expression: Current evidence and much to learn. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:433-444. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0717-310r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Fantuzzi
- National Center for Global Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
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50
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Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by p53. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:133-143. [PMID: 29125602 PMCID: PMC5729533 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a transcription factor that suppresses tumor growth through regulation of dozens of target genes with diverse biological functions. The activity of this master transcription factor is inactivated in nearly all tumors, either by mutations in the TP53 locus or by oncogenic events that decrease the activity of the wild-type protein, such as overexpression of the p53 repressor MDM2. However, despite decades of intensive research, our collective understanding of the p53 signaling cascade remains incomplete. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms of p53-dependent transcriptional control as they relate to five key areas: (1) the functionally distinct N-terminal transactivation domains, (2) the diverse regulatory roles of its C-terminal domain, (3) evidence that p53 is solely a direct transcriptional activator, not a direct repressor, (4) the ability of p53 to recognize many of its enhancers across diverse chromatin environments, and (5) mechanisms that modify the p53-dependent transcriptional program in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
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