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Ma Y, Qiao Y, Gao X. Potential role of hippocampal neurogenesis in spinal cord injury induced post-trauma depression. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2144-2156. [PMID: 38488549 PMCID: PMC11034606 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been reported both in clinic and rodent models that beyond spinal cord injury directly induced symptoms, such as paralysis, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, and loss of sexual function, there are a variety of secondary complications, including memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. The large-scale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that post-trauma depression is highly prevalent in spinal cord injury patients. Yet, few basic studies have been conducted to address the potential molecular mechanisms. One of possible factors underlying the depression is the reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis which may come from less physical activity, social isolation, chronic pain, and elevated neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. However, there is no clear consensus yet. In this review, we will first summarize the alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis post-spinal cord injury. Then, we will discuss possible mechanisms underlie this important spinal cord injury consequence. Finally, we will outline the potential therapeutic options aimed at enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis to ameliorate depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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2
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Xu K, Liu Z, Pan S, Zhang N, Wu S, Yang G, Song X, Teng Y, Tong X. BMSCs attenuate radiation-induced brain injury induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through a PI3K/Akt/Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148795. [PMID: 38331376 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) -based therapies represent a promising treatment for neurological disorders. However, therapeutic effects and mechanisms of BMSCs transplantation for radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) have not been fully disclosed. In this article, we explored the functions of BMSCs transplantation on RIBI and investigated the protective effects of BMSCS on hippocampal neurons in RIBI as well as the related molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6-8 weeks-old rats were used to build a RIBI model. Rats in BMSC group were treated with a 3 × 106 BMSCs injection through the tail vein on the 1st day and 8th day after irradiation; rats in both control and RIBI groups were injected with an equivalent volume of physiological saline for comparisons. The Morris water maze was applied to detect the variations in cognitive function after RIBI. MRS was performed to test changes in NAA/Cr, indicating neuronal apoptosis after RIBI. TUNEL was conducted to detect apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons, and HE staining was carried out to show pathological variations in the hippocampal region of rats. Protein levels of PI3K, P-PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins of rats in the hippocampal area were all determined by Western blot. RESULTS Cognitive function was reduced and hippocampal neurons underwent apoptosis in the rats of the RIBI group, and cognitive abilities, histopathological alterations, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were significantly improved after BMSCs treatment; the expression of PI3K, P-PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, and Bcl-2 proteins, in the hippocampal region of the rat, was up-regulated, and Bax proteins were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS BMCSs can inhibit hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in RIBI, and the mechanism may be associated with the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaina Xu
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Shichao Pan
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 Bukui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Guangrun Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Ye Teng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Xu Tong
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China.
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Unlu MD, Asci H, Yusuf Tepebasi M, Arlioglu M, Huseynov I, Ozmen O, Sezer S, Demirci S. The ameliorative effects of cannabidiol on methotrexate-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23571. [PMID: 37927177 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an antineoplastic agent and has neurotoxic effects. It exerts its toxic effect on the brain by triggering inflammation and apoptosis. Cannabidiol (CBD) is an agent known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues. The aim of this study is to examine the protective effects of CBD treatment in various brain structures from MTX damage and to evaluate the effect of intracellular pathways involved in apoptosis. Thirty-two adult Wistar Albino female rats were divided into four groups as control, MTX (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.]), MTX + CBD (0.1 mL of 5 mg/kg i.p.), and CBD (for 7 days, i.p.). At the end of the experiment, brain tissues collected for biochemical analyses as total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status, oxidative stress index (OSI), histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), serotonin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) staining, genetic analyses as caspase-9 (Cas-9), caspase-12 (Cas-12), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and cytochrome-c (Cyt-c) gene expressions. In the histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation, hyperemia, microhemorrhage, neuronal loss, and significant decreasing expressions of seratonin were observed in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum regions in the MTX group. mTOR, TNF-α, Cas-9, Cas-12, CHOP, and Cyt-c expressions with TOS and OSI levels were increased in the cortex. It was observed that these findings were reversed after CBD application in all regions. MTX triggers neuronal apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress while destroying serotonergic neurons. The reversal of the pathological changes with CBD treatment proves that it has anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activity in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike D Unlu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Halil Asci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Yusuf Tepebasi
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Melih Arlioglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Huseynov
- Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Serdar Sezer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Natural Products Application and Research Center (SUDUM), Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Serpil Demirci
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Gai X, Su L, Huang S, Zeng J, Guo F, Cai C, Lv W, Liu F, Li S, Hong J. Correlation between hippocampal radiation doses and psychological condition for patients with stage T1-2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2023; 189:109942. [PMID: 37813310 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the correlation between radiation doses to the hippocampi and the psychological status of patients with stage T1-2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and recommend proper hippocampal dose limits for preserving patients' psychological well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted involving 152 newly diagnosed NPC patients. The patients' psychological status was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) before and after radiotherapy. The hippocampi were manually delineated on treatment planning images, and dosimetric parameters were obtained from dose-volume histograms. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify influential dosimetric factors associated with anxiety and depression. RESULTS The results showed that several dosimetric parameters to the hippocampi were significantly associated with anxiety but not depression. The optimal cut-off value for the independent predictor of anxiety was determined as D40 to hippocampi > 1500 cGy. Patients with D40 to hippocampi > 1500 cGy showed a higher probability for anxiety after radiotherapy. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the relationship between radiation doses to the hippocampi and the psychological status of stage T1-2 NPC patients undergoing IMRT. It suggests the importance of hippocampal protection for preserving patients' psychological well-being. Further studies are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Gai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China; Department of Oncology, Laiyang Central Hospital of Yantai, Yantai 265200, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Jiang Zeng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Feibao Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Chuanshu Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Wenlong Lv
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; Department of Radiotherapy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical Universisty, Fuzhou 350212, China; Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China.
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Amelchenko EM, Bezriadnov DV, Chekhov OA, Ivanova AA, Kedrov AV, Anokhin KV, Lazutkin AA, Enikolopov G. Cognitive Flexibility Is Selectively Impaired by Radiation and Is Associated with Differential Recruitment of Adult-Born Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6061-6083. [PMID: 37532464 PMCID: PMC10451007 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0161-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to elevated doses of ionizing radiation, such as those in therapeutic procedures, catastrophic accidents, or space exploration, increases the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The full range of radiation-induced cognitive deficits is unknown, partly because commonly used tests may be insufficiently sensitive or may not be adequately tuned for assessing the fine behavioral features affected by radiation. Here, we asked whether γ-radiation might affect learning, memory, and the overall ability to adapt behavior to cope with a challenging environment (cognitive/behavioral flexibility). We developed a new behavioral assay, the context discrimination Morris water maze (cdMWM) task, which is hippocampus-dependent and requires the integration of various contextual cues and the adjustment of search strategies. We exposed male mice to 1 or 5 Gy of γ rays and, at different time points after irradiation, trained them consecutively in spatial MWM, reversal MWM, and cdMWM tasks, and assessed their learning, navigational search strategies, and memory. Mice exposed to 5 Gy performed successfully in the spatial and reversal MWM tasks; however, in the cdMWM task 6 or 8 weeks (but not 3 weeks) after irradiation, they demonstrated transient learning deficit, decreased use of efficient spatially precise search strategies during learning, and, 6 weeks after irradiation, memory deficit. We also observed impaired neurogenesis after irradiation and selective activation of 12-week-old newborn neurons by specific components of cdMWM training paradigm. Thus, our new behavioral paradigm reveals the effects of γ-radiation on cognitive flexibility and indicates an extended timeframe for the functional maturation of new hippocampal neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Exposure to radiation can affect cognitive performance and cognitive flexibility - the ability to adapt to changed circumstances and demands. The full range of consequences of irradiation on cognitive flexibility is unknown, partly because of a lack of suitable models. Here, we developed a new behavioral task requiring mice to combine various types of cues and strategies to find a correct solution. We show that animals exposed to γ-radiation, despite being able to successfully solve standard problems, show delayed learning, deficient memory, and diminished use of efficient navigation patterns in circumstances requiring adjustments of previously used search strategies. This new task could be applied in other settings for assessing the cognitive changes induced by aging, trauma, or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M Amelchenko
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Dmitri V Bezriadnov
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Chekhov
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Anna A Ivanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, 117485, Russian Federation
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Kedrov
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Anokhin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Lazutkin
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, 117485, Russian Federation
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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Nevins S, McLoughlin CD, Oliveros A, Stein JB, Rashid MA, Hou Y, Jang MH, Lee KB. Nanotechnology Approaches for Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity, Neuropathy, and Cardiomyopathy in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Survivors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300744. [PMID: 37058079 PMCID: PMC10576016 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents while improving their efficacy and safety. As a result, nanomaterial development for the selective targeting of cancers, with the possibility of treating off-target, detrimental sequelae caused by chemotherapy, is an important area of research. Breast and ovarian cancer are among the most common cancer types in women, and chemotherapy is an essential treatment modality for these diseases. However, chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy are common side effects that can affect breast and ovarian cancer survivors quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies for these adverse effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) have extreme potential for enhancing therapeutic efficacy but require continued research to elucidate beneficial interventions for women cancer survivors. In short, nanotechnology-based approaches have emerged as promising strategies for preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. NP-based drug delivery systems and therapeutics have shown potential for reducing the side effects of chemotherapeutics while improving drug efficacy. In this article, the latest nanotechnology approaches and their potential for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy in breast and ovarian cancer survivors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nevins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers
University, the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ
08854, U.S.A
| | - Callan D. McLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers
University, the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ
08854, U.S.A
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School, Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey, 661 Hoes Ln W,
Piscataway, NJ, 08854, U.S.A
| | - Joshua B. Stein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers
University, the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ
08854, U.S.A
| | - Mohammad Abdur Rashid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School, Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey, 661 Hoes Ln W,
Piscataway, NJ, 08854, U.S.A
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers
University, the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ
08854, U.S.A
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School, Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey, 661 Hoes Ln W,
Piscataway, NJ, 08854, U.S.A
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers
University, the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ
08854, U.S.A
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7
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Subramaniam CB, Wardill HR, Davies MR, Heng V, Gladman MA, Bowen JM. 5-Fluorouracil Induces an Acute Reduction in Neurogenesis and Persistent Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of the Neuropsychological Complications of Chemotherapy. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1408-1424. [PMID: 36449255 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The neuropsychological symptoms associated with chemotherapy treatment remain a major challenge with their prevention hampered by insufficient understanding of pathophysiology. While long-term neuroimmune changes have been identified as a hallmark feature shared by neurological symptoms, the exact timeline of mechanistic events preceding neuroinflammation, and the relationship between the glial cells driving this neuroinflammatory response, remain unclear. We therefore aimed to longitudinally characterize the neuroimmunological changes following systemic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment to gain insight into the timeline of events preceding the well-documented chronic neuroinflammation seen following chemotherapy. Eighteen female C57Bl/6 mice received a single intraperitoneal dose of 5-FU and groups were killed at days 1 and 2 (acute timepoint), days 4 and 8 (subacute timepoint), and days 16 and 32 (chronic timepoint). A further six mice were administered with vehicle control with tissues collected from three mice on day 1 and day 32 of the study. The expression of key genes of interest, BCL2, BDNF, TIMP1, MMP-9, MMP-2, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6R were assessed using real time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of neurogenesis were determined through immunofluorescent staining of doublecortin (DCX). The density of microglia and astrocytes were assessed using immunofluorescence staining of Iba1 and GFAP respectively. 5-FU treatment caused significant decreases to DCX staining at acute timepoints (p = 0.0030) which was positively correlated with BCL2 expression levels. An increase to microglial density was observed in the prefrontal cortex (p = 0.0256), CA3 region (p = 0.0283), and dentate gyrus (p = 0.0052) of the hippocampus at acute timepoints. 5-FU caused increases to astrocyte density, across multiple brains regions, at subacute and chronic timepoints which were positively correlated with TNFα, TIMP-1, MMP-2, and IL-6R expression. This study has identified acute objective neuroinflammatory changes suggesting that the role of early intervention should be explored to prevent the development of neuropsychological deficits in the longer-term following chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney B Subramaniam
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Medicine (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Medicine (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maya R Davies
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Medicine (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vivien Heng
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marc A Gladman
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Pavlock S, McCarthy DM, Kesarwani A, Jean-Pierre P, Bhide PG. Hippocampal neuroinflammation following combined exposure to cyclophosphamide and naproxen in ovariectomized mice. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:159-168. [PMID: 33635748 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1896508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy report cognitive changes collectively termed "chemo brain." Neuroinflammation is among the factors believed to contribute to "chemo brain" suggesting a potential beneficial role for anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We investigated whether the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen influenced hippocampal inflammation in non-tumor bearing female mice receiving the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (CP).Materials and methods: Intact and ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice were used to examine potential role of ovarian hormones on neuroinflammation. The mice were placed on naproxen (375 ppm) or control diet, and a week later CP (100 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered every 3 days for 2 weeks. We analyzed hippocampal inflammatory biomarkers, anxiety-like behavior, spatial working memory, exploratory behavior, spontaneous locomotor activity and depression-like behavior.Results: CP produced significant effects on anti-inflammatory but not pro-inflammatory biomarkers. However, CP and naproxen in combination produced significant effects on both pro- and anti- inflammatory biomarkers. Naproxen and ovariectomy individually produced significant effects on pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers as well. Working memory and depression-like behavior were not significantly influenced by CP, naproxen or ovariectomy individually although CP and ovariectomy produced significant interaction effects on depression-like behavior. Exploratory behavior and locomotor activity showed significant effects of CP, and interaction between CP and naproxen was significant for locomotor activity.Conclusions: Ovariectomy, naproxen and a combination of CP and naproxen upregulate hippocampal pro- and anti- inflammatory biomarkers. None of the factors individually produce significant behavioral changes that could be consistent with chemo brain, although CP and ovariectomy in combination produced significant effects on depression-like behavior, a co-morbidity of chemo brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Pavlock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Deirdre M McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Anisha Kesarwani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Pascal Jean-Pierre
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Pradeep G Bhide
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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9
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Jang A, Petrova B, Cheong TC, Zawadzki ME, Jones JK, Culhane AJ, Shipley FB, Chiarle R, Wong ET, Kanarek N, Lehtinen MK. Choroid plexus-CSF-targeted antioxidant therapy protects the brain from toxicity of cancer chemotherapy. Neuron 2022; 110:3288-3301.e8. [PMID: 36070751 PMCID: PMC9588748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For many cancer patients, chemotherapy produces untreatable life-long neurologic effects termed chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). We discovered that the chemotherapy methotrexate (MTX) adversely affects oxidative metabolism of non-cancerous choroid plexus (ChP) cells and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We used a ChP-targeted adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector approach in mice to augment CSF levels of the secreted antioxidant SOD3. AAV-SOD3 gene therapy increased oxidative defense capacity of the CSF and prevented MTX-induced lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus. Furthermore, this gene therapy prevented anxiety and deficits in short-term learning and memory caused by MTX. MTX-induced oxidative damage to cultured human cortical neurons and analyses of CSF samples from MTX-treated lymphoma patients demonstrated that MTX diminishes antioxidant capacity of patient CSF. Collectively, our findings motivate the advancement of ChP- and CSF-targeted anti-oxidative prophylactic measures to relieve CRCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahram Jang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Boryana Petrova
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taek-Chin Cheong
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miriam E Zawadzki
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard, MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jill K Jones
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard, MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J Culhane
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frederick B Shipley
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Eric T Wong
- Brain Tumor Center & Neuro-Oncology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naama Kanarek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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10
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Abstract
The nitrogen mustards are powerful cytotoxic and lymphoablative agents and have been used for more than 60 years. They are employed in the treatment of cancers, sarcomas, and hematologic malignancies. Cyclophosphamide, the most versatile of the nitrogen mustards, also has a place in stem cell transplantation and the therapy of autoimmune diseases. Adverse effects caused by the nitrogen mustards on the central nervous system, kidney, heart, bladder, and gonads remain important issues. Advances in analytical techniques have facilitated the investigation of the pharmacokinetics of the nitrogen mustards, especially the oxazaphosphorines, which are prodrugs requiring metabolic activation. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide are very polymorphic, but a greater understanding of the pharmacogenomic influences on their activity has not yet translated into a personalized medicine approach. In addition to damaging DNA, the nitrogen mustards can act through other mechanisms, such as antiangiogenesis and immunomodulation. The immunomodulatory properties of cyclophosphamide are an area of current exploration. In particular, cyclophosphamide decreases the number and activity of regulatory T cells, and the interaction between cyclophosphamide and the intestinal microbiome is now recognized as an important factor. New derivatives of the nitrogen mustards continue to be assessed. Oxazaphosphorine analogs have been synthesized in attempts to both improve efficacy and reduce toxicity, with varying degrees of success. Combinations of the nitrogen mustards with monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule targeted agents are being evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The nitrogen mustards are important, well-established therapeutic agents that are used to treat a variety of diseases. Their role is continuing to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Highley
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Bart Landuyt
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Hans Prenen
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Peter G Harper
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Ernst A De Bruijn
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
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11
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Tartt AN, Mariani MB, Hen R, Mann JJ, Boldrini M. Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neuroplasticity in major depression: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2689-2699. [PMID: 35354926 PMCID: PMC9167750 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) was previously hypothesized to be a disease of monoamine deficiency in which low levels of monoamines in the synaptic cleft were believed to underlie depressive symptoms. More recently, however, there has been a paradigm shift toward a neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression in which downstream effects of antidepressants, such as increased neurogenesis, contribute to improvements in cognition and mood. This review takes a top-down approach to assess how changes in behavior and hippocampal-dependent circuits may be attributed to abnormalities at the molecular, structural, and synaptic level. We conclude with a discussion of how antidepressant treatments share a common effect in modulating neuroplasticity and consider outstanding questions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rene Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Areas of Integrative Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Departments of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Zhu L, Li L, Li XZ, Wang L. Mind–Body Exercises for PTSD Symptoms, Depression, and Anxiety in Patients With PTSD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 12:738211. [PMID: 35153889 PMCID: PMC8833099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to systematically analyze the effects of mind–body exercises on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, and anxiety in patients with PTSD. Furthermore, it intends to provide scientific evidence-based exercise prescriptions. Methods Chinese (i.e., China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang) and English (i.e., Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) databases were used as data sources to search for studies on the effects of mind–body exercises on symptoms associated with patients with PTSD from January 1980 to November 2020. After a rigorous screening, 16 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. Results Mind–body exercises exerted a significant effect on PTSD symptoms [standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.64 to −0.19, p < 0.001], depression (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.55 to −0.15, p < 0.001), and anxiety (SMD = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.12, p < 0.001) among patients with PTSD. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that 60–150 min per session for 8–16 weeks of mindfulness was more effective in improving symptoms in patients with PTSD under 45 years of age compared with other subgroups. For depression, 150–180 min of yoga exercises once per week was effective. For anxiety, the frequency, timing, duration, and type of mind–body exercises that are most effective in relieving anxiety in patients with PTSD cannot be determined at this time due to the limited number of eligible RCTs. Conclusions Mind–body exercises were found to be significantly effective in improving PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety in patients with PTSD. Therefore, they can be used as an adjunct to intervention for symptoms of patients with PTSD. However, this conclusion requires further confirmation through additional scientific and objective RCTs. Systematic Review Registration: Unique Identifier: INPLASY2020120072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Wushu and Art, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Li
- School of Wushu and Art, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Long Li
| | - Xiao-zhi Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Lin Wang
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13
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Antonelli F, Casciati A, Belles M, Serra N, Linares-Vidal MV, Marino C, Mancuso M, Pazzaglia S. Long-Term Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Hippocampus: Linking Effects of the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Activation with Radiation Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212605. [PMID: 34830484 PMCID: PMC8624704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy represents one of the primary treatment modalities for primary and metastatic brain tumors. Although recent advances in radiation techniques, that allow the delivery of higher radiation doses to the target volume, reduce the toxicity to normal tissues, long-term neurocognitive decline is still a detrimental factor significantly affecting quality of life, particularly in pediatric patients. This imposes the need for the development of prevention strategies. Based on recent evidence, showing that manipulation of the Shh pathway carries therapeutic potential for brain repair and functional recovery after injury, here we evaluate how radiation-induced hippocampal alterations are modulated by the constitutive activation of the Shh signaling pathway in Patched 1 heterozygous mice (Ptch1+/-). Our results show, for the first time, an overall protective effect of constitutive Shh pathway activation on hippocampal radiation injury. This activation, through modulation of the proneural gene network, leads to a long-term reduction of hippocampal deficits in the stem cell and new neuron compartments and to the mitigation of radio-induced astrogliosis, despite some behavioral alterations still being detected in Ptch1+/- mice. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the neural decline following irradiation is essential for identifying prevention measures to contain the harmful consequences of irradiation. Our data have important translational implications as they suggest a role for Shh pathway manipulation to provide the therapeutic possibility of improving brain repair and functional recovery after radio-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonelli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Arianna Casciati
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Montserrat Belles
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Noemi Serra
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Maria Victoria Linares-Vidal
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
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14
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Rodrigues RS, Paulo SL, Moreira JB, Tanqueiro SR, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ, Xapelli S. Adult Neural Stem Cells as Promising Targets in Psychiatric Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 29:1099-1117. [PMID: 32723008 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapies for psychiatric disorders is of utmost importance, given the enormous toll these disorders pose to society nowadays. This should be based on the identification of neural substrates and mechanisms that underlie disease etiopathophysiology. Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) have been emerging as a promising platform to counteract brain damage. In this perspective article, we put forth a detailed view of how NSCs operate in the adult brain and influence brain homeostasis, having profound implications at both behavioral and functional levels. We appraise evidence suggesting that adult NSCs play important roles in regulating several forms of brain plasticity, particularly emotional and cognitive flexibility, and that NSC dynamics are altered upon brain pathology. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic value of utilizing adult endogenous NSCs as vessels for regeneration, highlighting their importance as targets for the treatment of multiple mental illnesses, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia, and addiction. Finally, we speculate on strategies to surpass current challenges in neuropsychiatric disease modeling and brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara R Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Zheng Z, Wang B, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Wei J, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Research progress on mechanism and imaging of temporal lobe injury induced by radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Eur Radiol 2021; 32:319-330. [PMID: 34327577 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC). Radiation-induced temporal lobe injury (TLI) is a serious complication of RT. Late symptoms of radiation-induced TLI are irreversible and manifest as memory loss, cognitive impairment, and even temporal lobe necrosis (TLN). It is currently believed that the mechanism of radiation-induced TLI involves microvascular injury, neuron and neural stem cell injury, glial cell damage, inflammation, and the production of free radicals. Significant RT-related structural changes and dose-dependent changes in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume and morphology were observed through computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which were common imaging assessment tools. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), dispersion kurtosis imaging (DKI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), resting-state functional magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation according to functional, molecular, and cellular processes of TLI. Early diagnosis of TLI is helpful to reduce the incidence of TLN and its related complications. This review summarizes the clinical features, mechanisms, and imaging of radiation-induced TLI in HNC patients. KEY POINTS: • Radiation-induced temporal lobe injury (TLI) is a clinical complication and its symptoms mainly include memory impairment, headache, and cognitive impairment. • The mechanisms of TLI include microvascular injury, cell injury, and inflammatory and free radical injury. Significant RT-related structural changes and dose-dependent changes in TL volume and morphology were observed through CT and MRI. • SWI, MRS, DTI, and DKI and other imaging examinations can detect anatomical and functional, molecular, and cellular changes of TLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology& Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology& Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology& Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology& Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology& Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology& Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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16
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Early Detection of Radiation-Induced Injury and Prediction of Cognitive Deficit by MRS Metabolites in Radiotherapy of Low-Grade Glioma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6616992. [PMID: 34258272 PMCID: PMC8260313 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6616992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To compare the sensitivity of MRS metabolites and MoCA and ACE-R cognitive tests in the detection of radiation-induced injury in low grade glioma (LGG) patients in early and early delayed postradiation stages. Methods MRS metabolite ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr, ACE-R and MoCA cognitive tests, and dosimetric parameters in corpus callosum were analyzed during RT and up to 6-month post-RT for ten LGG patients. Results Compared to pre RT baseline, a significant decline in both NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the corpus callosum was seen at the 4th week of RT, 1, 3, and 6-month post-RT. These declines were detected at least 3 months before the detection of declines in cognitive functions by ACE-R and MoCA tools. Moreover, NAA/Cr alterations at 4th week of RT and 1-month post-RT were significantly negatively correlated with the mean dose received by the corpus callosum, as well as the corpus callosum 40 Gy dose volume, i.e., the volume of the corpus callosum receiving a dose greater than 40 Gy. Conclusion MRS-based biomarkers may be more sensitive than the state-of-the-art cognitive tests in the prediction of postradiation cognitive impairments. They would be utilized in treatment planning and dose sparing protocols, with a specific focus on the corpus callosum in the radiation therapy of LGG patients.
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17
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Du Preez A, Onorato D, Eiben I, Musaelyan K, Egeland M, Zunszain PA, Fernandes C, Thuret S, Pariante CM. Chronic stress followed by social isolation promotes depressive-like behaviour, alters microglial and astrocyte biology and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:24-47. [PMID: 32755644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) is one of the most commonly used, robust and translatable models for studying the neurobiological basis of major depression. Although the model currently has multiple advantages, it does not entirely follow the trajectory of the disorder, whereby depressive symptomology can often present months after exposure to stress. Furthermore, patients with depression are more likely to withdraw in response to their stressful experience, or as a symptom of their depression, and, in turn, this withdrawal/isolation can further exacerbate the stressful experience and the depressive symptomology. Therefore, we investigated the effect(s) of 6 weeks of UCMS followed by another 6 weeks of social isolation (referred to as UCMSI), on behaviour, corticosterone stress responsivity, immune system functioning, and hippocampal neurogenesis, in young adult male mice. We found that UCMSI induced several behavioural changes resembling depression but did not induce peripheral inflammation. However, UCMSI animals showed increased microglial activation in the ventral dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and astrocyte activation in both the dorsal and ventral DG, with increased GFAP-positive cell immunoreactivity, GFAP-positive cell hypertrophy and process extension, and increased s100β-positive cell density. Moreover, UCMSI animals had significantly reduced neurogenesis in the DG and reduced levels of peripheral vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - a trophic factor produced by astrocytes and that stimulates neurogenesis. Finally, UCMSI mice also had normal baseline corticosterone levels but a smaller increase in corticosterone following acute stress, that is, the Porsolt Swim Test. Our work gives clinically relevant insights into the role that microglial and astrocyte functioning, and hippocampal neurogenesis may play in the context of stress, social isolation and depression, offering a potentially new avenue for therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Du Preez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Diletta Onorato
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Inez Eiben
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Ksenia Musaelyan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Martin Egeland
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Patricia A Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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18
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Cancer Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment and the Impact of the Alzheimer's Disease Risk Factor APOE. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123842. [PMID: 33352780 PMCID: PMC7766535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a serious impairment to maintaining quality of life in cancer survivors. Cancer chemotherapy contributes to this condition through several potential mechanisms, including damage to the blood brain barrier, increases in oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, and impaired neurogenesis, each of which lead to neuronal dysfunction. A genetic predisposition to CRCI is the E4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE), which is also the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In normal brains, APOE performs essential lipid transport functions. The APOE4 isoform has been linked to altered lipid binding, increased oxidative stress and inflammation, reduced turnover of neural progenitor cells, and impairment of the blood brain barrier. As chemotherapy also affects these processes, the influence of APOE4 on CRCI takes on great significance. This review outlines the main areas where APOE genotype could play a role in CRCI. Potential therapeutics based on APOE biology could mitigate these detrimental cognitive effects for those receiving chemotherapy, emphasizing that the APOE genotype could help in developing personalized cancer treatment regimens.
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Mal’tsev DI, Podgornyi OV. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Regulating Quiescence and Division of Hippocampal Stem Cells. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Wang Z, Alderman MH, Asgari C, Taylor HS. Fetal Bisphenol-A Induced Changes in Murine Behavior and Brain Gene Expression Persisted in Adult-aged Offspring. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5905560. [PMID: 32926169 PMCID: PMC7609133 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In utero Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been linked to many deficits during brain development, including sexual differentiation, behavior, and motor coordination. Yet, how BPA induces these disorders and whether its effects are long lasting are largely unknown. In this study, using a mouse model, we demonstrated that in utero exposure to an environmentally relevant dose of BPA induced locomotor deficits, anxiety-like behavior, and declarative memory impairments that persisted into old age (18 months). Compared to the control animals, the BPA-exposed mice had a significant decrease in locomotor activity, exploratory tendencies, and long-term memory, and an increase in anxiety. The global brain gene expression profile was altered permanently by BPA treatment and showed regional and sexual differences. The BPA-treated male mice had more changes in the hippocampus, while female mice experienced more changes in the cortex. Overall, we demonstrate that in utero exposure to BPA induces permanent changes in brain gene expression in a region-specific and sex-specific manner, including a significant decrease in locomotor activity, learning ability, long-term memory, and an increase in anxiety. Fetal/early life exposures permanently affect neurobehavioral functions that deteriorate with age; BPA exposure may compound the effects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Myles H Alderman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Cyrus Asgari
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Correspondence: Hugh S. Taylor, MD, Yale University School of Medicine, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA. E-mail:
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21
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Berger T, Lee H, Young AH, Aarsland D, Thuret S. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Major Depressive Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:803-818. [PMID: 32418723 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression and dementia are major public health problems. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) reciprocally elevate the risk for one another. No effective drug is available to treat AD and about one-third of depressive patients show treatment resistance. The biological connection between MDD and AD is still unclear. Uncovering this link might open novel ways of treatment and prevention to improve patient healthcare. Here, we discuss recent studies specifically on the role of human adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in MDD and AD. We compare diverse approaches to analyse the effect of MDD and AD on human AHN and analyse different studies implicating the role of human AHN as a potential converging mechanism in MDD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hyunah Lee
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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22
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Peukert X, Steindorf K, Schagen SB, Runz A, Meyer P, Zimmer P. Hippocampus-Related Cognitive and Affective Impairments in Patients With Breast Cancer-A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:147. [PMID: 32154164 PMCID: PMC7046686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although improvements in medical treatment lead to a steadily rising survival rate of breast cancer patients (BCP), it is associated with a decrease in cognitive and affective function. The hippocampus, a brain region with a high influence on both cognitive and affective function, is increasingly becoming the focus of current research because of its high vulnerability to adverse direct (chemotherapeutic agents, endocrine therapeutic agents, and radiation) or indirect (stress and other psycho-social factors) treatment-related effects. Methods: This systematic review analyses current data from literature combining hippocampus-related brain changes due to breast cancer treatment with associated cancer-related cognitive and affective impairments (CRCI/CRAI). The seven studies that met the inclusion criteria consisted of six cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study. Results: The study results indicate hippocampal differences across all types of treatment. Those differences include volume loss, deformation, and changes in functional connectivity. They are associated with CRCI, revealing executive function as well as working memory, episodic memory, and prospective memory as the most affected domains. Although an interaction between hippocampus-related brain changes, CRCI, and CRAI can be hypothesized, CRAI are less reflected in current research. Discussion: More research including longitudinal assessments with better overall methodology is needed to fully understand the interaction between hippocampal alterations and both CRCI and CRAI due to breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Peukert
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,SRH Hochschule Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sanne B Schagen
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adrian Runz
- SRH Hochschule Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sports and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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23
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La Carpia D, Liperoti R, Guglielmo M, Di Capua B, Devizzi LF, Matteucci P, Farina L, Fusco D, Colloca G, Di Pede P, Ferrara ML, Hohaus S, Bernabei R, Ripamonti CI. Cognitive decline in older long-term survivors from Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: a multicenter cross-sectional study. J Geriatr Oncol 2020; 11:790-795. [PMID: 32008957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare cognition in a group of older long-term survivors from Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and in a corresponding group of non-cancer controls of the same age. Functional status, polypharmacy and multimorbidity were also evaluated. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in a population of 63 outpatient long-term survivors from NHL, aged 65 or more and 61 non-cancer controls. Socio-demographic, clinical and functional data were collected. Cognitive function was assessed through neuropsychological tests. RESULTS NHL survivors showed a slightly worse functional status than controls, they were affected by more chronic conditions (3.4 vs 2.3; p = .003) and were taking a higher number of medications (3.4 vs 2.3; p = .03). The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was not significantly different between the groups. NHL survivors performed worse than controls in executive functioning (Trail Making Test B-A 47.9 vs 32.1 p = .04, OR for Stroop test time over 75th percentile in survivors: 2.66; CI 95% 1.04-6.61; OR for Multiple Features Target Cancellation time over 75th percentile in survivors: 2.84; CI 95% 1.10-7.31). A small, statistically significant difference was also observed in verbal memory scores between the two groups. . CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that, compared with non-cancer controls, older survivors from NHL may have a lower cognitive performance, especially in the executive functioning and attention domains, regardless of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Further evidence from larger samples is needed to confirm such findings and better characterize cognitive decline in NHL survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Liperoti
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Guglielmo
- Oncology-Supportive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Di Capua
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Matteucci
- Haematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Farina
- Haematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Fusco
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colloca
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patricia Di Pede
- Oncology-Supportive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stephan Hohaus
- Haematology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ida Ripamonti
- Oncology-Supportive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Akt dependent adult hippocampal neurogenesis regulates the behavioral improvement of treadmill running to mice model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112375. [PMID: 31759046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is well-established paradigm for improving adult neurogenesis and brain functions. As considered as an alternative therapeutic strategy, treadmill running could reduce cognitive impairment and psychiatric abnormalities associating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which might associate with the promote effects to adult neurogenesis. In current study, we aimed to address how treadmill exercise benefit adult hippocampal neurogenesis in PTSD model and the underlying molecular mechanism related with Akt signaling. PTSD was induced by exposure to aggressor and treatments were conducted with different intensity of compulsory treadmill running. We observed treadmill running improved hippocampal neurogenesis including proliferation and neural differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Moreover, behavioral tests showed treadmill could attenuate the cognitive deficit and depressive/anxiety like behaviors in correlating with PTSD model. Moreover, treadmill running recovered the Akt activity in hippocampus. Interrupting treadmill running administrated mice with Akt inhibitor GSK690693 resulted in the blocked the effects of treadmill running to hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral improvement in PTSD mice model. In conclusion, treadmill running could mediate behavioral functions and improve hippocampal neurogenesis in PTSD model by regulating Akt signaling.
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25
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Chen YC, Sheen JM, Hsu MH, Hsiao CC, Wang SC, Huang LT. Melatonin rescued methotrexate-induced spatial deficit and hyperhomocysteinemia and increased asymmetric dimethylarginine in plasma and dorsal hippocampus in developing rats. Life Sci 2019; 242:116931. [PMID: 31618610 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS With the improvement of the survival rates in children acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), some children ALL survivors show impaired cognitive function. Methotrexate (MTX), an essential component in ALL treatment, has been reported to be related to neurologic sequelae and to increased oxidative stress through its interactions with enzymes in the folate pathway. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is the main endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, and increased ADMA may result from increased oxidants. Melatonin is an antioxidant; however, its role in MTX neuropathy is not well studied. We developed a rat model mimicking child ALL treatment to explore peripheral and central homocysteine and ADMA regulation after MTX and found potential treatment choice. MAIN METHODS Preweaning male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Experiment 1 evaluated spatial performance in rats with intrathecal (IT) MTX, intraperitoneal (IP) MTX, or combined IT and IP MTX, protocols mimicking ALL treatment in children. Experiment 2 focused on rats with combined IT and IP MTX, evaluating spatial performance and plasma and dorsal hippocampal homocysteine and ADMA levels, their regulation, and the protective effect of melatonin. KEY FINDINGS Combined IT and IP MTX treatment caused in spatial deficits in developing rats, and melatonin restored the spatial performance. Alterations in peripheral and central homocysteine and ADMA concentrations and their regulation were found and could be alleviated by melatonin treatment. SIGNIFICANCES Combined IP and IT MTX treatment caused spatial deficits in developing rats. Melatonin could restore spatial performance through alleviating the effects on the imbalance of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow, Taiwan.
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26
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Michaelidesová A, Konířová J, Bartůněk P, Zíková M. Effects of Radiation Therapy on Neural Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E640. [PMID: 31450566 PMCID: PMC6770913 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and nervous system cancers in children represent the second most common neoplasia after leukemia. Radiotherapy plays a significant role in cancer treatment; however, the use of such therapy is not without devastating side effects. The impact of radiation-induced damage to the brain is multifactorial, but the damage to neural stem cell populations seems to play a key role. The brain contains pools of regenerative neural stem cells that reside in specialized neurogenic niches and can generate new neurons. In this review, we describe the advances in radiotherapy techniques that protect neural stem cell compartments, and subsequently limit and prevent the occurrence and development of side effects. We also summarize the current knowledge about neural stem cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in neural stem cell niches after brain radiotherapy. Strategies used to minimize radiation-related damages, as well as new challenges in the treatment of brain tumors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michaelidesová
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiation Dosimentry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Konířová
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiation Dosimentry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zíková
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Differentiation Induction as a Response to Irradiation in Neural Stem Cells In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070913. [PMID: 31261863 PMCID: PMC6678856 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a significant role in brain cancer treatment; however, the use of this therapy is often accompanied by neurocognitive decline that is, at least partially, a consequence of radiation-induced damage to neural stem cell populations. Our findings describe features that define the response of neural stem cells (NSCs) to ionizing radiation. We investigated the effects of irradiation on neural stem cells isolated from the ventricular-subventricular zone of mouse brain and cultivated in vitro. Our findings describe the increased transcriptional activity of p53 targets and proliferative arrest after irradiation. Moreover, we show that most cells do not undergo apoptosis after irradiation but rather cease proliferation and start a differentiation program. Induction of differentiation and the demonstrated potential of irradiated cells to differentiate into neurons may represent a mechanism whereby damaged NSCs eliminate potentially hazardous cells and circumvent the debilitating consequences of cumulative DNA damage.
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28
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Kumar A, Pareek V, Faiq MA, Ghosh SK, Kumari C. ADULT NEUROGENESIS IN HUMANS: A Review of Basic Concepts, History, Current Research, and Clinical Implications. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 16:30-37. [PMID: 31440399 PMCID: PMC6659986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in adult humans remains a controversial area of research among neuroscientists. Methodological challenges have hampered investigators from conducting high-quality, in-vivo studies that can help elucidate the presence and/or activity of neurogenesis in human brains. Additionally, the studies that have been done in humans report conflicting results, further adding to the ambiguity surrounding the concept of adult neurogenesis in humans. In this review article, the authors seek to help clarify the concept of adult neurogenesis by providing an overview of the basic concept, as we currently understand it, including its historical birth and evolution. The authors also review and discuss current key studies (pro and con) on adult neurogenesis in humans and animals, as well as research challenges with potential solutions. Finally, the authors discuss the clinical implications of adult neurogenesis in humans, based on what we know so far, including its potential use as a drug target in the development of pharmacological treatments for various neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Drs. Kumar and Ghosh are with the Department of Anatomy at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Patna, India
- Dr. Pareek is with the Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division at National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) in Manesar, Haryana, India
- Dr. Faiq is with the Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory at Langone Medical Centre, New York University School of Medicine in New York, New York
- Dr. Kumari is with the Department of Anatomy at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) in Chandigarh, India
- Drs. Kumar and Faiq are with All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi, India
- Drs. Kumar, Pareek, Faiq, Ghosh, and Kumari are with the Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN) in New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Pareek
- Drs. Kumar and Ghosh are with the Department of Anatomy at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Patna, India
- Dr. Pareek is with the Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division at National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) in Manesar, Haryana, India
- Dr. Faiq is with the Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory at Langone Medical Centre, New York University School of Medicine in New York, New York
- Dr. Kumari is with the Department of Anatomy at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) in Chandigarh, India
- Drs. Kumar and Faiq are with All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi, India
- Drs. Kumar, Pareek, Faiq, Ghosh, and Kumari are with the Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN) in New Delhi, India
| | - Muneeb A Faiq
- Drs. Kumar and Ghosh are with the Department of Anatomy at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Patna, India
- Dr. Pareek is with the Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division at National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) in Manesar, Haryana, India
- Dr. Faiq is with the Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory at Langone Medical Centre, New York University School of Medicine in New York, New York
- Dr. Kumari is with the Department of Anatomy at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) in Chandigarh, India
- Drs. Kumar and Faiq are with All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi, India
- Drs. Kumar, Pareek, Faiq, Ghosh, and Kumari are with the Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN) in New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjib K Ghosh
- Drs. Kumar and Ghosh are with the Department of Anatomy at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Patna, India
- Dr. Pareek is with the Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division at National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) in Manesar, Haryana, India
- Dr. Faiq is with the Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory at Langone Medical Centre, New York University School of Medicine in New York, New York
- Dr. Kumari is with the Department of Anatomy at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) in Chandigarh, India
- Drs. Kumar and Faiq are with All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi, India
- Drs. Kumar, Pareek, Faiq, Ghosh, and Kumari are with the Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN) in New Delhi, India
| | - Chiman Kumari
- Drs. Kumar and Ghosh are with the Department of Anatomy at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Patna, India
- Dr. Pareek is with the Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division at National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) in Manesar, Haryana, India
- Dr. Faiq is with the Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory at Langone Medical Centre, New York University School of Medicine in New York, New York
- Dr. Kumari is with the Department of Anatomy at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) in Chandigarh, India
- Drs. Kumar and Faiq are with All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi, India
- Drs. Kumar, Pareek, Faiq, Ghosh, and Kumari are with the Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN) in New Delhi, India
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The role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in brain health and disease. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:67-87. [PMID: 29679070 PMCID: PMC6195869 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is highly regulated by a number of environmental and cell-intrinsic factors to adapt to environmental changes. Accumulating evidence suggests that adult-born neurons may play distinct physiological roles in hippocampus-dependent functions, such as memory encoding and mood regulation. In addition, several brain diseases, such as neurological diseases and mood disorders, have deleterious effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and some symptoms of those diseases can be partially explained by the dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we review a possible link between the physiological functions of adult-born neurons and their roles in pathological conditions.
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30
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Radiation-induced overexpression of transthyretin inhibits retinol-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8394. [PMID: 29849106 PMCID: PMC5976673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial irradiation is the main therapeutic strategy for treating primary and metastatic brain tumors. However, radiation is well-known to induce several unexpected side effects including emotional disorders. Although radiation-induced depression may cause decreased quality of life after radiotherapy, investigations of its molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies are still insufficient. In this study, we found that behavioral symptoms of depression on mice models with the decrease of BrdU/NeuN- and Dcx-positive populations and MAP-2 expression in hippocampus were induced by cranial irradiation, and transthyretin (TTR) was highly expressed in hippocampus after irradiation. It was shown that overexpression of TTR resulted in the inhibition of retinol-mediated neuritogenesis. PAK1 phosphorylation and MAP-2 expression were significantly reduced by TTR overexpression following irradiation. Moreover, we observed that treatment of allantoin and neferine, the active components of Nelumbo nucifera, interrupted irradiation-induced TTR overexpression, consequently leading to the increase of PAK1 phosphorylation, neurite extension, BrdU/NeuN- and Dcx-positive populations, and MAP-2 expression. Behavioral symptoms of depression following cranial irradiation were also relieved by treatment of allantoin and neferine. These findings demonstrate that TTR plays a critical role in neurogenesis after irradiation, and allantoin and neferine could be potential drug candidates for recovering the effects of radiation on neurogenesis and depression.
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Naughton MJ, Case LD, Peiffer A, Chan M, Stieber V, Moore D, Falchuk S, Piephoff J, Edenfield W, Giguere J, Loghin M, Shaw EG, Rapp SR. Quality of life of irradiated brain tumor survivors treated with donepezil or placebo: Results of the WFU CCOP research base protocol 91105. Neurooncol Pract 2018; 5:114-121. [PMID: 29770225 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The health-related quality of life (HRQL) and fatigue of brain cancer survivors treated with donepezil or placebo for cognitive symptoms after radiation therapy were examined. Methods One hundred ninety-eight patients who completed >30 Gy fractionated whole or partial brain irradiation at least 6 months prior to enrollment were randomized to either placebo or donepezil (5 mg for 6 weeks followed by 10 mg for 18 weeks) in a phase 3 trial. A neurocognitive battery, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-fatigue, was administered at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results At 12 weeks, donepezil resulted in improvements in only emotional functioning (P = .04), with no significant effects at week 24. Associations by level of baseline cognitive symptoms (above or below the median score of the baseline FACT-Br "additional concerns/brain" subscale), indicated that participants with more baseline symptoms who received donepezil versus placebo, showed improvements in social (P = .02) and emotional well-being (P = .038), other concerns/brain (P = .003) and the FACT-Br total score (P = .004) at 12 weeks, but not 24 weeks. However, participants with fewer baseline symptoms randomized to donepezil versus placebo reported lower functional well-being at both 12 (P = .015) and 24 weeks (P = .009), and greater fatigue (P = .02) at 24 weeks. Conclusions The positive impact of donepezil on HRQL was greater in survivors reporting more baseline cognitive symptoms. Donepezil had significantly worse effects on fatigue and functional well-being among participants with fewer baseline symptoms. Future interventions with donepezil should target participants with more baseline cognitive complaints to achieve greater therapeutic impact and lessen potential side effects of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Naughton
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - L Douglas Case
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Ann Peiffer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Michael Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica Loghin
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Edward G Shaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Okubo R, Chen C, Sekiguchi M, Hamazaki K, Matsuoka YJ. Mechanisms underlying the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on fear memory processing and their hypothetical effects on fear of cancer recurrence in cancer survivors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 131:14-23. [PMID: 29628046 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and gut microbiota with brain function has been extensively reported. Here, we review how n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect fear memory processing. n-3 PUFAs may improve dysfunctional fear memory processing via immunomodulation/anti-inflammation, increased BDNF, upregulated adult neurogenesis, modulated signal transduction, and microbiota-gut-brain axis normalization. We emphasize how n-3 PUFAs affect this axis and also focus on the hypothetical effects of PUFAs in fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), the primary psychological unmet need of cancer survivors. Its pathophysiology may be similar to that of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which involves dysfunctional fear memory processing. Due to fewer adverse effects than psychotropic drugs, nutritional interventions involving n-3 PUFAs should be acceptable for physically vulnerable cancer survivors. We are currently studying the relationship of FCR with n-3 PUFAs and gut microbiota in cancer survivors to provide them with a nutritional intervention that protects against FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Okubo
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - C Chen
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Sekiguchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira City, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - K Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Y J Matsuoka
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Science, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Ji S, Ding X, Ji J, Wu H, Sun R, Li X, Zhang L, Tian Y. Cranial irradiation inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis via DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2899-2904. [PMID: 29435016 PMCID: PMC5778827 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of neurogenesis in the hippocampus following whole-brain irradiation is the most important mechanism of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure, meaning an ideal therapeutic target has not been identified. Evidence indicates that DNA methylation in neurons regulates synaptic plasticity and neuronal network activity. In the present study, the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in the hippocampus was analyzed to investigate their potential function in radiation-induced neurogenesis impairment. Sprague-Dawley rats were used throughout the present study, apportioned to the following groups: Control, radiation only, zebularine (a DNMT inhibitor) only, and radiation and zebularine together. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that radiation inhibited cellular proliferation and dendritic growth within new neurons of the hippocampus. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated lower expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A protein following radiation treatment compared with that in the non-irradiated control. Furthermore, compared with the radiation-only group, the radiation and zebularine group had significantly lower cell proliferative abilities, dendritic growth, and DNMT1 and DNMT3A protein levels. The results of the present study indicated that DNMT1 and DNMT3A may be involved in the pathogenesis of whole-brain radiation-induced neurogenesis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ji
- Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Haohao Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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Panoz-Brown D, Carey LM, Smith AE, Gentry M, Sluka CM, Corbin HE, Wu JE, Hohmann AG, Crystal JD. The chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel selectively impairs reversal learning while sparing prior learning, new learning and episodic memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 144:259-270. [PMID: 28811227 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is widely used to treat patients with systemic cancer. The efficacy of cancer therapies is frequently undermined by adverse side effects that have a negative impact on the quality of life of cancer survivors. Cancer patients who receive chemotherapy often experience chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment across a variety of domains including memory, learning, and attention. In the current study, the impact of paclitaxel, a taxane derived chemotherapeutic agent, on episodic memory, prior learning, new learning, and reversal learning were evaluated in rats. Neurogenesis was quantified post-treatment in the dentate gyrus of the same rats using immunostaining for 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki67. Paclitaxel treatment selectively impaired reversal learning while sparing episodic memory, prior learning, and new learning. Furthermore, paclitaxel-treated rats showed decreases in markers of hippocampal cell proliferation, as measured by markers of cell proliferation assessed using immunostaining for Ki67 and BrdU. This work highlights the importance of using multiple measures of learning and memory to identify the pattern of impaired and spared aspects of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Panoz-Brown
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lawrence M Carey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Alexandra E Smith
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Meredith Gentry
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Christina M Sluka
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Hannah E Corbin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Jie-En Wu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
| | - Jonathon D Crystal
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
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Lumniczky K, Szatmári T, Sáfrány G. Ionizing Radiation-Induced Immune and Inflammatory Reactions in the Brain. Front Immunol 2017; 8:517. [PMID: 28529513 PMCID: PMC5418235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced late brain injury consisting of vascular abnormalities, demyelination, white matter necrosis, and cognitive impairment has been described in patients subjected to cranial radiotherapy for brain tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that various degrees of cognitive deficit can develop after much lower doses of ionizing radiation, as well. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these alterations are not elucidated so far. A permanent deficit in neurogenesis, chronic microvascular alterations, and blood–brain barrier dysfunctionality are considered among the main causative factors. Chronic neuroinflammation and altered immune reactions in the brain, which are inherent complications of brain irradiation, have also been directly implicated in the development of cognitive decline after radiation. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview on radiation-induced immune alterations and inflammatory reactions in the brain and summarizes how these processes can influence cognitive performance. The available data on the risk of low-dose radiation exposure in the development of cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lumniczky
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
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Egeland M, Guinaudie C, Du Preez A, Musaelyan K, Zunszain PA, Fernandes C, Pariante CM, Thuret S. Depletion of adult neurogenesis using the chemotherapy drug temozolomide in mice induces behavioural and biological changes relevant to depression. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1101. [PMID: 28440814 PMCID: PMC5416706 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined links between postnatal neurogenesis and depression using a range of experimental methods to deplete neurogenesis. The antimitotic drug temozolomide (TMZ) has previously been used successfully as an experimental tool in animals to deplete adult neurogenesis and is used regularly on human patients as a standard chemotherapy for brain cancer. In this study, we wanted to evaluate whether TMZ as a model for chemotherapy treatment could affect parameters related to depression in an animal model. Prevalence rates of depression in patients is thought to be highly underdiagnosed, with some studies reporting rates as high as 90%. Results from this study in mice, treated with a regimen of TMZ similar to humans, exhibited behavioural and biochemical changes that have relevance to the development of depression. In particular, behavioural results demonstrated robust deficits in processing novelty and a significant increase in the corticosterone response. Quantification of neurogenesis using a novel sectioning method, which clearly evaluates dorsal and ventral neurogenesis separately, showed a significant correlation between the level of ventral neurogenesis and the corticosterone response. Depression is a complex disorder with discoveries regarding its neurobiology and how it relates to behaviour being only in their infancy. The findings presented in this study demonstrate that chemotherapy-induced decreases in neurogenesis results in previously unreported behavioural and biochemical consequences. These results, we argue, are indicative of a biological mechanism, which may contribute to the development of depression in patients being treated with chemotherapy and is separate from the mental distress resulting from a cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Egeland
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, UK. E-mail: or
| | - C Guinaudie
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Du Preez
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Musaelyan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P A Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Fernandes
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Psychological Medicine, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, UK. E-mail: or
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Cheng H, Li W, Gong L, Xuan H, Huang Z, Zhao H, Wang LS, Wang K. Altered resting-state hippocampal functional networks associated with chemotherapy-induced prospective memory impairment in breast cancer survivors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45135. [PMID: 28327626 PMCID: PMC5361087 DOI: 10.1038/srep45135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the intrinsic hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) network and its relationship with prospective memory in patients with breast cancer suffering from chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI). Thirty-four breast cancer patients before and after adjuvant chemotherapy (CB and CC, respectively) and 31 age- and education-matched cognitively normal (CN) women were recruited and subjected to a prospective memory task and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was used to compare the hippocampal FC networks between CC and CN groups. Partial correction analysis was used to examine the association between the hippocampal FC network and prospective memory in the CC group. The cancer group that underwent chemotherapy obtained significantly poorer scores than the CN group on mini-mental state examination, verbal fluency test, digit span, and prospective memory examination. Compared to the CN group, CC group showed increased hippocampal connectivity in the frontal and parietal cortex, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and the cerebellum. In addition, the increasing hippocampal FC networks were negatively correlated with prospective memory performance in the CC group. These findings suggest maladaptive hippocampal functioning as a mechanism underlying the impairment of prospective memory in patients experiencing CICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaidong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Han Xuan
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhonglian Huang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Long Sheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Neuropsychological Laboratory, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
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Caruso R, Nanni MG, Riba M, Sabato S, Mitchell AJ, Croce E, Grassi L. Depressive spectrum disorders in cancer: prevalence, risk factors and screening for depression: a critical review. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:146-155. [PMID: 28140731 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1266090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although depression and mood-related disorders are common in persons with cancer, these conditions remain frequently overlooked in clinical practice. Negative consequences of depressive disorder spectrum have been reported (e.g. suicidal ideation, increase physical complications and somatic symptoms, negative influence on prognosis), indicating the need for routine screening, assessment and management. METHODS A search of the major databases (Medline, Embase, PsycLIT, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library) was conducted on the reviews and meta-analyses available in order to summarize relevant data concerning depressive disorders spectrum in terms of prevalence, risk factors, and screening and assessment among patients with cancer across the trajectory of the disease. RESULTS The data show a prevalence of depression and depressive disorders between 5% and 60% according to the different diagnostic criteria, the tools used in the studies (e.g. semi-structured psychiatric interview and psychometric questionnaires), as well as the stage and type of cancer. Furthermore, despite the significant health care resources devoted to cancer care and the importance of addressing depressive symptoms, assessment and management of depressive spectrum disorders in cancer patients remains suboptimal. CONCLUSIONS Routine screening and adequate assessment of depressive spectrum disorders is necessary in patients with cancer in order to effectively manage the multifaceted and complex consequences on cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Caruso
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- University Hospital Psychiatry Unit, Integrated Department of Mental Health and Addictive Disorders, S. Anna University Hospital and Health Authorities, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. G. Nanni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- University Hospital Psychiatry Unit, Integrated Department of Mental Health and Addictive Disorders, S. Anna University Hospital and Health Authorities, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Riba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann, Arbor, MI, USA
- Psycho-oncology Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S. Sabato
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. J. Mitchell
- Department of Psycho-oncology, University of Leicester and Leicestershire Partnership Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - E. Croce
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L. Grassi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- University Hospital Psychiatry Unit, Integrated Department of Mental Health and Addictive Disorders, S. Anna University Hospital and Health Authorities, Ferrara, Italy
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Lomeli N, Di K, Czerniawski J, Guzowski JF, Bota DA. Cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with impaired cognitive function in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:274-286. [PMID: 27908784 PMCID: PMC5308450 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is commonly reported following the administration of chemotherapeutic agents and comprises a wide variety of neurological problems. No effective treatments for CRCI are currently available. Here we examined the mechanisms involving cisplatin-induced hippocampal damage following cisplatin administration in a rat model and in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs). We also assessed the protective effects of the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine in mitigating these damages. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Adult male rats received 6mg/kg cisplatin in the acute studies. In chronic studies, rats received 5mg/kg cisplatin or saline injections once per week for 4 weeks. N-acetylcysteine (250mg/kg/day) or saline was administered for five consecutive days during cisplatin treatment. Cognitive testing was performed 5 weeks after treatment cessation. Cisplatin-treated cultured hippocampal neurons and NSCs were examined for changes in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress production, caspase-9 activation, and neuronal dendritic spine density. RESULTS Acute cisplatin treatment reduced dendritic branching and spine density, and induced mitochondrial degradation. Rats receiving the chronic cisplatin regimen showed impaired performance in contextual fear conditioning, context object discrimination, and novel object recognition tasks compared to controls. Cisplatin induced mitochondrial DNA damage, impaired respiratory activity, increased oxidative stress, and activated caspase-9 in cultured hippocampal neurons and NSCs. N-acetylcysteine treatment prevented free radical production, ameliorated apoptotic cellular death and dendritic spine loss, and partially reversed the cisplatin-induced cognitive impairments. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress are involved in cisplatin-induced cognitive impairments. Therapeutic agents, such as N-acetylcysteine, may be effective in mitigating the deleterious effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Lomeli
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Kaijun Di
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Czerniawski
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - John F Guzowski
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Daniela A Bota
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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40
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Orchard TS, Gaudier-Diaz MM, Weinhold KR, Courtney DeVries A. Clearing the fog: a review of the effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids and added sugars on chemotherapy-induced cognitive deficits. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 161:391-398. [PMID: 27933449 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy have been an important part of extending survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer. However, chemotherapy can cause potentially toxic side effects in the brain that impair memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed in up to 30% of women treated. Women report that post-chemotherapy cognitive deficits negatively impact quality of life and may last up to ten years after treatment. Mechanisms underlying these cognitive impairments are not fully understood, but emerging evidence suggests that chemotherapy induces structural changes in the brain, produces neuroinflammation, and reduces adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Dietary approaches that modify inflammation and neurogenesis are promising strategies for reducing chemotherapy-induced cognitive deficits in breast cancer survivors. In this review, we describe the cognitive and neuronal side effects associated with commonly used chemotherapy treatments for breast cancer, and we focus on the often opposing actions of omega-3 fatty acids and added sugars on cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Omega-3 fatty acids administered concurrently with doxorubicin chemotherapy have been shown to prevent depressive-like behaviors and reduce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neural apoptosis in rodent models. In contrast, diets high in added sugars may interact with n-3 FAs to diminish their anti-inflammatory activity or act independently to increase neuroinflammation, reduce adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and promote cognitive deficits. We propose that a diet rich in long-chain, marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids and low in added sugars may be an ideal pattern for preventing or alleviating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, thereby protecting neurons from the toxic effects of chemotherapy. Research testing this hypothesis could lead to the identification of modifiable dietary choices to reduce the long-term impact of chemotherapy on the cognitive functions that are important to quality of life in breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya S Orchard
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 325 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Monica M Gaudier-Diaz
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 614 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kellie R Weinhold
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 325 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 614 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Buchfelder M, Kleist B, Kohlmann J, Menzel C, Buslei R, Kołtowska-Häggsträm M, Strasburger C, Siegel S. PREDICTORS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN 165 PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY: RESULTS FROM A SINGLE-CENTER STUDY. Endocr Pract 2016; 23:79-88. [PMID: 27749131 DOI: 10.4158/ep161373.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even if treated, acromegaly has a considerable impact on patient quality of life (QoL); despite this, the exact clinical determinants of QoL in acromegaly are unknown. This study retrospectively examines a cohort of treated patients with acromegaly, with the aim of identifying these determinants. METHODS Retrospective survey analysis, with 165 patients included in the study. All patients completed a survey, which included demographic data and the clinical details of their disease, the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Bern Embitterment Inventory (BEI). Stepwise regression was used to identify predictors of QoL. RESULTS The strongest predictors of the physical component score of the SF-36 were (in order of declining strength of association): Delay between first presentation of the disease and diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), number of doctors visited before the diagnosis of acromegaly, and age at diagnosis. For the mental component score, the strongest predictors were: number of doctors visited, previous radiotherapy, and age at study entry; and, for the BDI-II score: number of doctors visited, previous radiotherapy, age at study entry, and employment status at the time of diagnosis. The following were predictors of the BEI score: number of doctors visited, and age at study entry. CONCLUSION Diagnostic delay and lack of diagnostic acumen in medical care provision are strong predictors of poor QoL in patients with acromegaly. Other identified parameters are radiotherapy, age, BMI, and employment status. An efficient acromegaly service should address these aspects when devising disease management plans. ABBREVIATIONS BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory II BEI = Bern Embitterment Inventory BMI = body mass index IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1 MCS = mental component summary (score) PCS = physical component summary (score) QoL = quality of life SDS = standard deviation score SF-36 = Short Form-36 Health Survey.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Survival of brain tumor patients has increased with improvements in cancer treatments. However, treatments like radiotherapy can be neurotoxic and thus new end-points in clinical trials, as well as in individual management, have appeared. This article reviews the cognitive outcomes after radiotherapy in brain tumor patients, focusing on radiation-induced impairments, and then discusses actual cognitive assessment limitations. RECENT FINDINGS Although physiopathology of radiation-induced cognitive impairments remains elusive, a general course can be described as acute, early-delayed, and late-delayed effects corresponding to different processes. The last is of high interest because the related impairments are irreversible. In this context, a cognitive assessment should be performed as often as possible, but actual tools are unfortunately not developed. Nevertheless, with respect to neuro-oncologic specificities, new cognitive tools could be developed to overcome these limitations. SUMMARY Improvements in neuropsychologic assessment for brain tumor patients are urgently needed. A dynamic vision of radiation-induced cognitive impairments appears inevitable and should lead to a change in actual considerations about neurotoxicity follow-up.
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Williams JP, Calvi L, Chakkalakal JV, Finkelstein JN, O’Banion MK, Puzas E. Addressing the Symptoms or Fixing the Problem? Developing Countermeasures against Normal Tissue Radiation Injury. Radiat Res 2016; 186:1-16. [PMID: 27332954 PMCID: PMC4991354 DOI: 10.1667/rr14473.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P. Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Laura Calvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Joe V. Chakkalakal
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacob N. Finkelstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Edward Puzas
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Le Rhun E, Taillibert S, Chamberlain MC. Current Management of Adult Diffuse Infiltrative Low Grade Gliomas. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 16:15. [PMID: 26750130 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse infiltrative low grade gliomas (LGG) account for approximately 15 % of all gliomas. The prognosis of LGG differs between high-risk and low-risk patients notwithstanding varying definitions of what constitutes a high-risk patient. Maximal safe resection optimally is the initial treatment. Surgery that achieves a large volume resection improves both progression-free and overall survival. Based on results of three randomized clinical trials (RCT), radiotherapy (RT) may be deferred in patients with low-risk LGG (defined as age <40 years and having undergone a complete resection), although combined chemoradiotherapy has never been prospectively evaluated in the low-risk population. The recent RTOG 9802 RCT established a new standard of care in high-risk patients (defined as age >40 years or incomplete resection) by demonstrating a nearly twofold improvement in overall survival with the addition of PCV (procarbazine, CCNU, vincristine) chemotherapy following RT as compared to RT alone. Chemotherapy alone as a treatment of LGG may result in less toxicity than RT; however, this has only been prospectively studied once (EORTC 22033) in high-risk patients. A challenge remains to define when an aggressive treatment improves survival without impacting quality of life (QoL) or neurocognitive function and when an effective treatment can be delayed in order to preserve QoL without impacting survival. Current WHO histopathological classification is poorly predictive of outcome in patients with LGG. The integration of molecular biomarkers with histology will lead to an improved classification that more accurately reflects underlying tumor biology, prognosis, and hopefully best therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Le Rhun
- Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
- Breast unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, Lille, France.
- PRISM Inserm U1191, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Sophie Taillibert
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, UPMC-Paris VI University, Paris, France.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, UPMC-Paris VI University, Paris, France.
| | - Marc C Chamberlain
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Ave E, MS G4940, PO Box 19023, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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Resveratrol: A Potential Hippocampal Plasticity Enhancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9651236. [PMID: 27313836 PMCID: PMC4897722 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9651236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The search for molecules capable of restoring altered hippocampal plasticity in psychiatric and neurological conditions is one of the most important tasks of modern neuroscience. It is well established that neural plasticity, such as the ability of the postnatal hippocampus to continuously generate newly functional neurons throughout life, a process called adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), can be modulated not only by pharmacological agents, physical exercise, and environmental enrichment, but also by “nutraceutical” agents. In this review we focus on resveratrol, a phenol and phytoalexin found in the skin of grapes and red berries, as well as in nuts. Resveratrol has been reported to have antioxidant and antitumor properties, but its effects as a neural plasticity inducer are still debated. The current review examines recent evidence implicating resveratrol in regulating hippocampal neural plasticity and in mitigating the effects of various disorders and diseases on this important brain structure. Overall, findings show that resveratrol can improve cognition and mood and enhance hippocampal plasticity and AHN; however, some studies report opposite effects, with resveratrol inhibiting aspects of AHN. Therefore, further investigation is needed to resolve these controversies before resveratrol can be established as a safe coadjuvant in preventing and treating neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Gender Differences in the Neurobiology of Anxiety: Focus on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5026713. [PMID: 26885403 PMCID: PMC4738969 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5026713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the literature reports a higher incidence of anxiety disorders in women, the majority of basic research has focused on male rodents, thus resulting in a lack of knowledge on the neurobiology of anxiety in females. Bridging this gap is crucial for the design of effective translational interventions in women. One of the key brain mechanisms likely to regulate anxious behavior is adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). This review paper aims to discuss the evidence on the differences between male and female rodents with regard to anxiety-related behavior and physiology, with a special focus on AHN. The differences between male and female physiologies are greatly influenced by hormonal differences. Gonadal hormones and their fluctuations during the estrous cycle have often been identified as agents responsible for sexual dimorphism in behavior and AHN. During sexual maturity, hormone levels fluctuate cyclically in females more than in males, increasing the stress response and the susceptibility to anxiety. It is therefore of great importance that future research investigates anxiety and other neurophysiological aspects in the female model, so that results can be more accurately applicable to the female population.
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Abstract
The exposure to a life-threatening disease such as cancer may constitute a traumatic experience that in some cases may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In recent years, several studies investigated this syndrome in patients with cancer, but few focused on the underlying neurobiology. The aim of this work was to review the current literature of neurobiology of PTSD in oncological diseases, focusing on a comparison with the results of neurobiological studies on PTSD in non-oncological patients and on treatments resulted effective for such disorder. Brain structures having a role in the appearance of PTSD in psycho-oncology, and in particular, in intrusive symptoms, seem to be the same involved in non-oncologic PTSD. These findings may have important implications also at clinical level, suggesting that psychotherapies found to be effective to treat PTSD in different populations may be offered also to patients with cancer-induced posttraumatic symptoms. Further studies are needed to deepen our knowledge about cancer-related PTSD neurobiology and its treatment, aiming at transferring the results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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A prospective study on neurocognitive effects after primary radiotherapy in high-grade glioma patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2015; 21:642-650. [PMID: 26694815 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-015-0941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognition is a very important aspect of a brain tumor patient's quality of life following radiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to assess neurocognitive functions of patients diagnosed with high-grade gliomas undergoing radiotherapy by using the NeuroCogFx(®) test and to examine relevant dose/volume parameters as well as patient characteristics potentially influencing the neurological baseline status and subsequent outcome. METHODS The cohort consisted of 44 astrocytoma World Health Organization grade III/IV patients. The NeuroCogFx(®) test was carried out on patients during (N = 44) and after (N = 21) irradiation. The test examines verbal/figural/short-term/working memory, psychomotorical speed, selective attention and verbal speed. The results were compared with regular patient and treatment data with an emphasis on the dose applied to the hippocampus. RESULTS Overall there were only slight changes in the median test results when comparing the baseline to the follow-up tests. In the 'verbal memory test' lower percentile ranks were achieved in left-sided tumors compared to right-sided tumors (p = 0.034). Dexamethasone intake during radiotherapy was significantly correlated with the difference between the two test batteries. Concerning figural memory, a correlation was detected between decreased figural recognition and the radiation dose to the left hippocampus (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION We conclude that tumor infiltration of the hippocampus has an impact on neurocognitive function. However, treatment with radiotherapy seems to have less influence on cognitive outcome than expected.
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50
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The MMP-1/PAR-1 Axis Enhances Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Cells. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:646595. [PMID: 26783471 PMCID: PMC4691474 DOI: 10.1155/2015/646595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play a role in varied forms of developmental and postnatal neuroplasticity. MMP substrates include protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in hippocampus. We examined proliferation and differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells (aNPCs) from hippocampi of mice that overexpress the potent PAR-1 agonist MMP-1. We found that, as compared to aNPCs from littermate controls, MMP-1 tg aNPCs display enhanced proliferation. Under differentiating conditions, these cells give rise to a higher percentage of MAP-2(+) neurons and a reduced number of oligodendrocyte precursors, and no change in the number of astrocytes. The fact that these results are MMP and PAR-1 dependent is supported by studies with distinct antagonists. Moreover, JSH-23, an inhibitor of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, counteracted both the proliferation and differentiation changes seen in MMP-1 tg-derived NPCs. In complementary studies, we found that the percentage of Sox2(+) undifferentiated progenitor cells is increased in hippocampi of MMP-1 tg animals, compared to wt mice. Together, these results add to a growing body of data suggesting that MMPs are effectors of hippocampal neuroplasticity in the adult CNS and that the MMP-1/PAR-1 axis may play a role in neurogenesis following physiological and/or pathological stimuli.
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