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Still MEH. Letter: Neurological Surgery Residency Programs in the United States: A National Cross-Sectional Survey. Neurosurgery 2024; 95:e32-e33. [PMID: 38884482 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E H Still
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Ong V, Schupper AJ, Bederson JB, Choudhri TF, Shrivastava RK. Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Cited Articles and Author H-Indexes on the Surgical Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia. World Neurosurg 2024; 184:44-62. [PMID: 38216034 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medically refractory cases of trigeminal neuralgia often require treatment escalation. Surgical options include microvascular decompression and percutaneous ablation. This paper provides a bibliometric analysis of the most influential articles on the surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS The Web of Science database was queried to identify the top 100 cited articles concerning surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. The search terms used included ALL=(("trigeminal neuralgia" OR "tic douloureux" OR "Fothergill's disease" OR "Trifacial neuralgia") AND ("surgical treatment" OR "surgical management" OR "surgery" OR "neurosurgery") NOT ("radiosurgery" OR "gamma knife")). The extracted variables included the first and senior author names, journal, publication year, institution, and surgical modality. RESULTS Our bibliometric search yielded 2104 studies, with 41,502 citations overall. Within the top 100 articles, Zakrzewska had the most first author papers (n = 5), and Burchiel had the most senior author papers (n = 6). The Massachusetts General Hospital was the most represented institution (n = 5). The United States was the most represented country (51%). Microvascular decompression was the most studied surgical strategy (51%), followed by percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation (9%), balloon/nerve compression (7%), and glycerol rhizolysis (7%). Some studies assessed multiple treatment modalities (22%). The types of studies included retrospective articles (58%), prospective articles (26%), reviews (10%), anatomic studies (2%), and basic science (1%). Neurosurgery (35%) and the Journal of Neurosurgery (33%) were the most represented journals. CONCLUSIONS The current literature consists of retrospective reviews and mostly describes microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Future studies should include further characterization of other surgical modalities such as percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation, glycerol injection, and balloon compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ong
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Alexander J Schupper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Joshua B Bederson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tanvir F Choudhri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raj K Shrivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Kryshtalskyj MT, Dzulynsky K, Mak MYK, Hutnik CML. Research productivity of ophthalmology residents and its relationship to academic career outcomes. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 59:e28-e37. [PMID: 36306880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of ophthalmology resident research and its relationship to subsequent practice. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred and twenty residents of Canadian ophthalmology programs graduating between 2009 and 2020. METHODS Bibliometric data were obtained for each resident from Scopus. Indices of scholarly productivity included number of publications, h-index, m-quotient, and total citations. Demographic and career data were obtained from faculty listings and professional and regulatory web sites. Career outcomes included location and subspecialty of fellowship training and type of ultimate practice (academic vs community). RESULTS In total, 208 of 320 graduates (65%) published at least 1 peer-reviewed article during residency. Bibliometric indices, including numbers of papers, h-index, and total citations, were significantly higher for male residents and residents who pursued academic and subspecialized practices. No significant trends were seen regarding scholarly productivity and fellowship match outcomes (e.g., location and subspecialty of fellowship). The bulk of resident research projects was of lower tiers of evidence, including retrospective studies (n = 111) and case reports (n = 108). Five-year scholarly impact of resident research decreased over time (h-index, m = -0.14; p < 0.01) despite stable publication volumes. CONCLUSIONS Greater scholarly activity in residency corresponds to more academic and subspecialized practices but is not associated with type of fellowship. The impact of resident research declined between 2009 and 2020. Sex-based disparities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Y K Mak
- Department of Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - Cindy M L Hutnik
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON
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Rainone GJ, Nugent JG, Yeradi M, Ramanathan S, Lega BC. Bibliometric Analysis and Applications of a Modified H-Index Examining the Research Productivity of Neurosurgery Faculty at High-Ranking Academic Institutions. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e925-e937. [PMID: 37952889 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major critique of the h-index is that it may be inflated by noncritical authorship. We propose a modified h-index (hm), incorporating critical authorship, complementary to the h-index. We analyze its relationship to the traditional h-index, and how each varies across professional categories relevant to academic neurosurgery. This analysis is not meant to critique authorship decisions, affect career development, alter academic legacy, or imply that the concepts of team science or midlevel authorship contributions are not valuable. METHODS H-indices and hms were gathered and computed for clinical neurosurgical faculty at the top 32 ranked academic neurosurgical programs based on the current literature. Hm was computed for faculty at each program, using articles in which the individual was first, second, last, or co-corresponding author. Individuals were further identified based on chair status, leadership status, neurosurgical subspecialty, and National Institutes of Health funding status. Further analysis was performed to determine factors influencing h-index and hm. RESULTS The median h-index for the 225 physicians included in the final dataset is 48 (interquartile range [IQR], 39-61), whereas the median hm was 32 (IQR, 24-43). The median difference between h-index and hm is 15 (IQR, 10-23). The median hm/h was 64% (IQR, 57-74). National Institutes of Health funding and subspecialty (neurosurgical oncology, neurocritical care, and cerebrovascular) were associated with significant change from h to hm. CONCLUSIONS The h-index can be influenced by noncritical authorship, and hm, using critical contributions, can be used as a complement reflecting critical academic output in neurosurgery. Leaders deciding on hiring or promotion should consider disparities in productivity predicated on noncritical authorship contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gersham J Rainone
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Univeristy of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
| | - Joseph G Nugent
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Yeradi
- Department of General Surgery, Creighton Univeristy, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Siddharth Ramanathan
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Bradley C Lega
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Yang SD, Seu M, Qiao JB, Tsiang JTH, Pecoraro N, Germanwala AV. Posters Presented at North American Skull Base Society 2016-2018: What Factors Influence Their Publication? J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2023; 84:531-537. [PMID: 37854529 PMCID: PMC10581821 DOI: 10.1055/a-1946-5521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Research productivity impacts an individual's academic credentials and serves to advance the field of neurosurgery at large. Poster presentations allow researchers to share preliminary results with respected colleagues; however, more critical is the ability to publish peer-reviewed articles. Key factors that lead posters to journal publication are not well understood and difficult to quantify. This study investigates the association between bibliometrics of authors who presented posters at the North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) meeting and odds of journal publication. Methods Posters from the 2016 to 2018 NASBS archive were reviewed. Hirsch-index (h-index) of first (FH) and senior (SH) authors, research type, research topic, and number of poster authors (nAuthPost) were collected. For posters published as journal articles, number of days from poster presentation to publication (nDays), number of authors in published articles (nAuthArt), and journal impact factor (JIF) were recorded. Results One-hundred sixty-nine of 481 posters (35.1%) were published as articles. Median FH and SH for published versus unpublished posters were 7 versus 5 ( p = 0.01) and 29 versus 19 ( p < 0.001), respectively. When adjusted with multivariate regression, only SH ( p < 0.001) and nAuthPost ( p = 0.001) were significantly associated with odds of publication. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) nDays was 361 (394). Increased authors from poster to article ( p = 0.017) and lower FH ( p = 0.08) were correlated with increased time to publication. Median (IQR) JIF for all publications was 1.723 (1.068). Conclusions Bibliometrics such as h-index and number of authors from posters can help objectively characterize and predict future success in research productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Daniel Yang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - Michelle Seu
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - James B. Qiao
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - John Ta-Hsiang Tsiang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - Nathan Pecoraro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - Anand V. Germanwala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States
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Hulou MM, Samaan CA, McLouth CJ, Madriñán-Navia HJ, Benner D, Park MT, Essibayi MA, Howshar JT, Dornbos D, Graffeo CS, Lawton MT. Competitive neurosurgery residency programs: Predictors of matching outcome and research productivity. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 232:107884. [PMID: 37467577 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of preresidency research and school as predictors of competitive neurosurgery matching and to assess for any correlations between preresidency and intraresidency research productivity. METHODS Individuals who graduated from US neurosurgery programs from 2018 through 2020 were assessed for medical school, degree (MD, DO, or PhD), preresidency versus intraresidency publications, author order, article type, and neurosurgery matching outcomes. RESULTS Medical school ranking (top 50) and the number of published papers (≥3) before intern year were predictors for matching to a top-25 residency program after adjusting for other covariates (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). On average, individuals who published more papers before residency published more papers during residency. For the comprehensive clinical papers category, there was a significant difference between individuals from the top 25 residency programs and others, with a stronger correlation between the number of preresidency publications and intraresidency publications for neurosurgeons who attended a top-25 residency program (r = 0.378 and r = 0.179, respectively; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Medical school ranking and research productivity as measured by the number of published papers were independently associated with matching to the top 25 residency programs. In addition, high research productivity in the preresidency years was associated with continued productivity during residency, especially in the category of comprehensive clinical papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maher Hulou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Humberto José Madriñán-Navia
- Center for Research and Training in Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Dimitri Benner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marian T Park
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Muhammed Amir Essibayi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jacob T Howshar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David Dornbos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher S Graffeo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Muzyka L, Pugazenthi S, Lavadi RS, Shah D, Patel A, Rangwalla T, Javeed S, Elsayed G, Greenberg JK, Pennicooke B, Agarwal N. Geographic Distribution in Training and Practice of Academic Neurological and Orthopedic Spine Surgeons in the United States. World Neurosurg 2023; 176:e281-e288. [PMID: 37209918 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to stratify the geographic distribution of academic spine surgeons in the United States, analyzing how this distribution highlights differences in academic, demographic, professional metrics, and gaps in access to spine care. METHODS Spine surgeons were identified using American Association of Neurological Surgeons and American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons databases, categorizing into geographic regions of training and practice. Departmental websites, National Institutes of Health (NIH) RePort Expenditures and Results, Google Patent, and NIH icite databases were queried for demographic and professional metrics. RESULTS Academic spine surgeons (347 neurological; 314 orthopedic) are predominantly male (95%) and few have patents (23%) or NIH funding (4%). Regionally, the Northeast has the highest proportion per capita (3.28 surgeons per million), but California is the state with the highest proportion (13%). The Northeast has the greatest regional retention post-residency at 74%, followed by the Midwest (59%). The West and South are more associated with additional degrees. Neurosurgery-trained surgeons hold more additional degrees (17%) than orthopedic surgeons (8%), whereas more orthopedic surgeons hold leadership positions (34%) than neurosurgeons (20%). CONCLUSIONS Academic spine surgeons are found at the highest proportion in the Northeast and California; the Northeast has the greatest regional retention. Spine neurosurgeons have more additional degrees, whereas spine orthopedic surgeons have more leadership positions. These results are relevant to training programs looking to correct geographic disparities, surgeons in search of training programs, or students in pursuit of spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Muzyka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sangami Pugazenthi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Raj Swaroop Lavadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darsh Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Arpan Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Taiyeb Rangwalla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Saad Javeed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Galal Elsayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacob K Greenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brenton Pennicooke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Marín-Castañeda LA, Armas-Salazar A, Cid-Rodríguez FX, Lee A, Carrillo-Ruiz JD. Letter to the Editor Regarding "Neurosurgery Research Productivity in Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study". World Neurosurg 2023; 172:122-124. [PMID: 37012724 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando Armas-Salazar
- La Salle University School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico; Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Postgraduate Department, School of Higher Education in Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fatima X Cid-Rodríguez
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Postgraduate Department, School of Higher Education in Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Angeles del Pedregal Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José D Carrillo-Ruiz
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Research Direction, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Neuroscience coordination, Psychology Faculty, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Visconti-Lopez FJ, Solorzano-Salazar DM, Vargas-Fernández R. In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Neurosurgery Research Productivity in Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study". World Neurosurg 2023; 172:125-127. [PMID: 37012725 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Hulou MM, Park MT, Essibayi MA, McLouth CJ, Benner D, Samaan CA, Madriñán-Navia HJ, Howshar JT, Graffeo CS, Lawton MT. Academically Inclined: Predictors of Early Career Trajectory and Avenues for Early Intervention Among Neurosurgery Trainees. Neurosurgery 2023; 92:854-861. [PMID: 36729517 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of academic activities before and during neurosurgery residency with fellowship or career outcomes has not been studied completely. OBJECTIVE To assess possible predictors of fellowship and career outcomes among neurosurgery residents. METHODS US neurosurgery graduates (2018-2020) were assessed retrospectively for peer-reviewed citations of preresidency vs intraresidency publications, author order, and article type. Additional parameters included medical school, residency program, degree (MD vs DO; PhD), postgraduate fellowship, and academic employment. RESULTS Of 547 neurosurgeons, 334 (61.1%) entered fellowships. Fellowship training was significantly associated with medical school rank and first-author publications. Individuals from medical schools ranked 1 to 50 were 1.6 times more likely to become postgraduate fellows than individuals from medical schools ranked 51 to 92 (odds ratio [OR], 1.63 [95% CI 1.04-2.56]; P = .03). Residents with ≥2 first-author publications were almost twice as likely to complete a fellowship as individuals with <2 first-author publications (OR, 1.91 [95% CI 1.21-3.03]; P = .006). Among 522 graduates with employment data available, academic employment obtained by 257 (49.2%) was significantly associated with fellowship training and all publication-specific variables. Fellowship-trained graduates were twice as likely to pursue academic careers (OR, 1.99 [95% CI 1.34-2.96]; P < .001) as were individuals with ≥3 first-author publications ( P < .001), ≥2 laboratory publications ( P = .04), or ≥9 clinical publications ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Research productivity, medical school rank, and fellowships are independently associated with academic career outcomes of neurosurgeons. Academically inclined residents may benefit from early access to mentorship, sponsorship, and publishing opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maher Hulou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marian T Park
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Muhammed Amir Essibayi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Dimitri Benner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Humberto Jose Madriñán-Navia
- Center for Research and Training in Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Jacob T Howshar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher S Graffeo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Rallo MS, Strong MJ, Teton ZE, Murazsko K, Nanda A, Liau L, Rosseau G. Targeted Public Health Training for Neurosurgeons: An Essential Task for the Prioritization of Neurosurgery in the Evolving Global Health Landscape. Neurosurgery 2023; 92:10-17. [PMID: 36519856 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gap between the tremendous burden of neurological disease requiring surgical management and the limited capacity for neurosurgical care has fueled the growth of the global neurosurgical movement. It is estimated that an additional 23 300 neurosurgeons are needed to meet the burden posed by essential cases across the globe. Initiatives to increase neurosurgical capacity through systems strengthening and workforce development are key elements in correcting this deficit. Building on the growing interest in global health among neurosurgical trainees, we propose the integration of targeted public health education into neurosurgical training, in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. This effort will ensure that graduates possess the fundamental skillsets and experience necessary to participate in and lead capacity-building efforts in the developing countries. This additional public health training can also help neurosurgical residents to achieve the core competencies outlined by accreditation boards, such as the Accreditation Committee on Graduate Medical Education in the United States. In this narrative review, we describe the global burden of neurosurgical disease, establish the need and role for the global neurosurgeon, and discuss pathways for implementing targeted global public health education in the field of neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Rallo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael J Strong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zoe E Teton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karin Murazsko
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anil Nanda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Linda Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gail Rosseau
- Department of Neurological Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Singh R, De La Peña NM, Suarez-Meade P, Kerezoudis P, Akinduro OO, Chaichana KL, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Bendok BR, Bydon M, Meyer FB, Spinner RJ, Daniels DJ. A mentorship model for neurosurgical training: the Mayo Clinic experience. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 53:E11. [DOI: 10.3171/2022.5.focus22170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurosurgical education is a continually developing field with an aim of training competent and compassionate surgeons who can care for the needs of their patients. The Mayo Clinic utilizes a unique mentorship model for neurosurgical training. In this paper, the authors detail the historical roots as well as the logistical and experiential characteristics of this teaching model.
This model was first established in the late 1890s by the Mayo brothers and then adopted by the Mayo Clinic Department of Neurological Surgery at its inception in 1919. It has since been implemented enterprise-wide at the Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona residency programs. The mentorship model is focused on honing resident skills through individualized attention and guidance from an attending physician. Each resident is closely mentored by a consultant during a 2- or 3-month rotation, which allows for exposure to more complex cases early in their training.
In this model, residents take ownership of their patients’ care, following them longitudinally during their hospital course with guided oversight from their mentors. During the chief year, residents have their own clinic, operating room (OR) schedule, and OR team and service nurse. In this model, chief residents conduct themselves more in the manner of an attending physician than a trainee but continue to have oversight from staff to provide a “safety net.” The longitudinal care of patients provided by the residents under the mentorship model is not only beneficial for the trainee and the hospital, but also has a positive impact on patient satisfaction and safety. The Mayo Clinic Mentorship Model is one of many educational models that has demonstrated itself to be an excellent approach for resident education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohin Singh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Paola Suarez-Meade
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohamad Bydon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Fredric B. Meyer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert J. Spinner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David J. Daniels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Azab MA, Salem AE. Egyptian neurosurgical publication productivity. A retrospective analysis from 2015 to 2020. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2022.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Carrillo-Ruiz JD, Armas-Salazar A, Navarro-Olvera JL, Beltrán JQ, Bowles B, González-Garibay G, Lee Á. Bibliometric Analysis of Mexican Publications on Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery From 1949 to 2021. Front Surg 2022; 9:886391. [PMID: 35615655 PMCID: PMC9124808 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.886391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery (SFN) is a rapidly evolving field and some emerging countries, especially Mexico, have made significant contributions to this discipline. A bibliometric analysis has never been performed in Latin America, and this would be particularly important to show the areas that remain poorly studied, and design research strategies for the future. Methods Scopus was queried using keywords pertaining to functional neurosurgery, restricting the affiliation country to Mexico, and considering documents published after 1949. Added to the initial search, a complementary literature exploration by author, considering the publications of the most productive neurosurgeons, was performed. A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. Results From 5,109 articles, only 371 were eligible. Scientific production has gradually increased with time. Epilepsy (31%) and movement disorders (27.4%) were the most studied neurological conditions, whereas the other 41.6% corresponded to pain, behavior disorders, spinal cord injuries, neuromodulation, stereotactic biopsies, and SFN history. Level of evidence was predominantly level V (59.1%). Publication output is highly skewed to Mexico City, which represents 78.4% of national production. Relative to factors associated with impact of research, publications in English had more citations (28.5 mean citations per paper), and journals with an impact factor greater than one had more than 10 mean citations per paper. Conclusions Mexico has experienced an increase in the productivity of SFN literature, addressing the most prevalent issues in the country (epilepsy and motor disorders). However, it is necessary to report studies with a higher level of evidence, as well as to decentralize the research collaborating with national institutions outside Mexico City. On the other hand, it is imperative to promote scientific production in English and in high-impact indexed journals to increase the visibility of our production. We would like to call upon our colleagues in other countries to reproduce our methodology, in order to determine the factors associated with the impact and productivity on SFN research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Damián Carrillo-Ruiz
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, and Research Direction, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Health Sciences Direction of Anahuac University Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Armas-Salazar
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, and Research Direction, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Postgraduate Department, School of Higher Education in Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Navarro-Olvera
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, and Research Direction, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Q. Beltrán
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, and Research Direction, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brigham Bowles
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Neuroendovascular Therapy, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ángel Lee
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Neuroendovascular Therapy, Mexico City, Mexico
- Comisión Coordinadora de Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ángel Lee
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15
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Ananthasekar S, Boyd CJ, King TW. Letter to the Editor: Comment on Roy E, et al.: Influence of Residency Training on Research Productivity and Plastic Surgery Career (Ann Plast Surg. 2020;85:672-676). Ann Plast Surg 2022; 88:581. [PMID: 33833165 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Khalafallah AM, Jimenez AE, Mukherjee D. Predictors of Academic Career Trajectory Among Fellowship-Trained Neurosurgical Oncologists. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:430-438. [PMID: 32683630 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Much research has been conducted to investigate predictors of an academic career trajectory among neurosurgeons in general. This study seeks to examine a cohort of fellowship-trained neurosurgical oncologists to determine which factors are associated with a career in academia. Publicly available data on fellowship-trained neurosurgical oncologists was aggregated from ACGME-accredited residency websites, from program websites listed on the AANS Neurosurgical Fellowship Training Program Directory, and from professional websites including Doximity. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine covariates for a logistic regression model, and a multivariate analysis was conducted to determine which variables were independently associated with an academic career trajectory. A total of 87 neurosurgical oncologists were identified (1991-2018). A total of 73 (83.9%) had > 1 year of protected research time in residency, 33 (37.9%) had an h-index of ≥2 prior to residency, and 63 (72.4%) had an h-index of ≥2 during residency. In multivariate analysis, the only factor independently associated with academic career trajectory among neurosurgical oncologists was achieving an h-index of ≥2 during residency (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93, p = .041). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center graduated the most neurosurgical oncologists in our cohort (n = 23). Our study establishes a novel factor that is predictive of academic career trajectory among fellowship-trained neurosurgical oncologists, specifically having an h-index of ≥2 during residency. Our results may be useful for those mentoring students and trainees with an interest in pursuing academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Khalafallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Adrian E Jimenez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Debraj Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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17
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Seu MY, Yang SD, Qiao JB, Hansdorfer MA, Graham S, Wiegmann A, Esmaeeli S, Dorafshar AH. The Association Between H-Index and Publication of Plastic Surgery Meeting Presenters From 2014 to 2017. J Surg Res 2022; 272:125-131. [PMID: 34968785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastic surgery is a competitive specialty that values research productivity among members of the field. The Hirsch index has been shown to measure a researcher's scientific impact. This study sought to determine whether an association exists between H-indices and the probability of and speed to publication. METHODS Using Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Plastic Surgery the Meeting (PSTM) website, first author (FAHi) and senior author (SAHi) H-indices (n = 1048) from Plastic Surgery the Meeting (PSTM) abstracts from 2014 to 2017 were collected. Whether or not an abstract was ultimately published in a peer-reviewed journal was noted. If published, number of days between PSTM presentation and publication date were recorded. Logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In total, 592 out of 1048 total abstracts were published as manuscripts. FAHi and SAHi had significant positive correlations with odds of publication. Both FAHi and SAHi showed positive correlation with the odds of abstract publication (P < 0.001 and P = 0.033). Impact of FAHi on likelihood of publication was greater than that of SAHi. The correlation between FAHi and SAHi with the number of days until abstract publication was not significant (P = 0.333 and P = 0.856). For abstracts published before the PSTM presentation date (15.9% of published), only FAHi (P = 0.008) showed positive correlation of publication before presentation. CONCLUSIONS The Hirsch index provides an objective method for evaluating the probability that an abstract will lead to manuscript publication, in addition to its traditional application in gauging the impact of research. The findings of this study support that both FAHi and SAHi have a positive, direct correlation with the probability of publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Seu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - S Daniel Yang
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - James B Qiao
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Marek A Hansdorfer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shelby Graham
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aaron Wiegmann
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shooka Esmaeeli
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amir H Dorafshar
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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18
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Keane CA, Lossia OV, Olson SR, Akhter MF, Davis RT, Jarbo DA, Hudson ML, Boyd CJ. Ranking United States University-Based General Surgery Programs on the Academic Achievement of Surgery Department Faculty. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2022; 79:355-361. [PMID: 34801483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rankings of residency programs are highly influential and utilized by residency applicants. Existing ranking resources often use opaque criteria that may include bias or do not accurately represent the academic achievement of current faculty. This study aims to create an updated general surgery residency ranking list based on the academic achievements of their respective surgery department faculty members. DESIGN One hundred and six general surgery residency programs were selected from the American Medical Association Residency & Fellowship Programs Database. The names of faculty members affiliated with the departments of surgery were manually obtained. Lifetime and five-year h-indexes, a sum of grant awards from the National Institute of Health and Veterans Affairs, and a tally of journal editorial board positions were collected for the faculty. Metrics were compared among surgical departments, and the corresponding residency programs were ranked accordingly. SETTING The study evaluated university-based general surgery residency programs in the United States from 2017 to 2019 via assessing their respective institutions' departments of surgery. PARTICIPANTS A total of 7568 faculty members were evaluated. Faculty were required to be full-time, clinical surgeons to meet inclusion criteria. RESULTS Based on a composite of all measured criteria, the top overall surgery department was at the University of Michigan. Massachusetts General Hospital had the highest lifetime and five-year h-indexes. Brigham and Women's Hospital had the most National Institute of Health funding, and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center had the most Veterans Affairs funding. Washington University in St. Louis/Barnes Jewish Hospital had the most editorial board positions in their department. CONCLUSIONS The academic success of departments of surgery was evaluated to develop a ranking list of general surgery residency programs. Through utilizing standardized methods and several measures of academic achievement, this comprehensive general surgery residency classification system will allow residency applicants to make more informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Keane
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Olivia V Lossia
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Samuel R Olson
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Maheen F Akhter
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Ryan T Davis
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Dillon A Jarbo
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Michael L Hudson
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Carter J Boyd
- NYU Langone Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York, New York.
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Ozair A, Bhat V, Nanda A. Lessons from the life of Asia's first female neurosurgeon for modern neurosurgical trainees and educators worldwide. J Neurosurg 2021; 136:1164-1172. [PMID: 34534957 DOI: 10.3171/2021.3.jns2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Surgical specialties, and particularly neurosurgery, have historically had and continue to have poor representation of female trainees. This is especially true of South Asia, considering the added social and cultural expectations for women in this region. Yet it was in India, with its difficult history of gender relations, that Asia's first fully qualified female neurosurgeon, Dr. T. S. Kanaka (1932-2018), took root, flourished, and thereafter played an integral role in helping develop stereotactic and functional neurosurgery in the country. While a few biographical accounts of her exist, highlighted here are the lessons from her illustrious life for neurosurgical trainees and educators worldwide, along with the instances that exemplify those lessons, drawn from several hitherto unutilized primary sources. These lessons are consistent with the factors identified in previous systematic reviews to be contributing to gender disparities in neurosurgery. Many of the virtues that ensured her success are attributes that continue to be critical for a neurosurgical career. Additionally, the circumstances that helped Kanaka succeed have been recounted as considerations for those working to promote diversity and inclusion. Finally, her life choices and sacrifices are described, which are underexplored but relevant concerns for women in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ozair
- 1Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Bhat
- 2Faculty of Medicine, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India; and
| | - Anil Nanda
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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20
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Knight J. h-Index Five Years On: Academic Impact Rankings of Neurosurgical Units in the United Kingdom and Ireland. World Neurosurg 2021; 153:e329-e337. [PMID: 34217858 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to re-evaluate the h-index of neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom and Ireland because it was 5 years since it was last reported. METHODS Using the Web of Science database, we collated cumulative (1950-2020), 10-year (2011-2020), 5-year (2016-2020), and 3-year (2018-2020) data for neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Data included h-index, number of publications, and average number of citations. RESULTS In total, 37 neurosurgical units were found in the United Kingdom and Ireland, which we ranked according to h-index. Since last reviewed 5 years previously, some units had changed their position, whereas others had remained reasonably static. The top 5 units were the same for the 10-year h-index between 2015 and 2020. The 5-year h-index showed some variation in the top 5 compared with the 10-year h-index. We were also able to compare 2 other studies with similar methods but differing from ours. CONCLUSIONS The h-index for neurosurgical units is the most reliable bibliometric, which shows the academic standing and correlates well with amount of research grant obtained and size of department. It is particularly useful when calculated for the most recent 10-year and 5-year periods. Neurosurgical units change their rankings over time and, therefore, it is important to update the tables periodically. We propose an online database with open access showing all h-index and bibliometric data for neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom and Ireland. This database could provide a live and dynamic report of the academic standings of those units and could be used for grant applications and reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Knight
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Li AY, Asfaw ZK, Kalagara R, Schupper AJ, Yaeger KA, Siddiqui F, Shuman W, Hannah TC, Ali M, Durbin JR, Genadry L, Germano IM, Choudhri TF. Academic Productivity of United States Neurosurgeons Trained Abroad. World Neurosurg 2021; 152:e567-e575. [PMID: 34133993 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research in neurosurgery has examined academic productivity for U.S. medical graduates and residents. However, associations between scholarly output and international medical education, residency training, and fellowship training are scarcely documented. METHODS We identified 1671 U.S. academic neurosurgeons in 2020 using publicly available data along with their countries of medical school, residency, and fellowship training. Using Scopus, h-index, number of publications, and number of times publications were cited were compiled. Demographic, subspeciality, and academic productivity variables were compared between training locations using univariate analysis and multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Of the current neurosurgery faculty workforce, 16% completed at least 1 component of their training abroad. Canada was the most represented international country in the cohort. Academic productivity for neurosurgeons with international medical school and/or international residency did not significantly differ from that of neurosurgeons trained in the United States. Neurosurgeons with ≥1 U.S. fellowships or ≥1 international fellowships did not have higher academic productivity than neurosurgeons without a fellowship. However, dual fellowship training in both domestic and international programs was associated with higher mean h-index (β = 6.00, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 10.98, P = 0.02), higher citations (β = 2092.0, 95% confidence interval 460.1 to 3724.0, P = 0.01), and a trend toward higher publications (β = 36.82, 95% confidence interval -0.21 to 73.85, P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS Neurosurgeon scholarly output was not significantly affected by international training in medical school or residency. Dual fellowship training in both a domestic and an international program was associated with higher academic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Y Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Zerubabbel K Asfaw
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roshini Kalagara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander J Schupper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kurt A Yaeger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Faizaan Siddiqui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - William Shuman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theodore C Hannah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John R Durbin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Genadry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isabelle M Germano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tanvir F Choudhri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Khalafallah AM, Jimenez AE, Shlobin NA, Larkin CJ, Mukherjee D, Zygourakis CC, Lo SF, Sciubba DM, Bydon A, Witham TF, Dahdaleh NS, Theodore N. Predictors of an academic career among fellowship-trained spinal neurosurgeons. J Neurosurg Spine 2021; 35:251-258. [PMID: 34116505 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.spine201771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although fellowship training is becoming increasingly common in neurosurgery, it is unclear which factors predict an academic career trajectory among spinal neurosurgeons. In this study, the authors sought to identify predictors associated with academic career placement among fellowship-trained neurological spinal surgeons. METHODS Demographic data and bibliometric information on neurosurgeons who completed a residency program accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education between 1983 and 2019 were gathered, and those who completed a spine fellowship were identified. Employment was denoted as academic if the hospital where a neurosurgeon worked was affiliated with a neurosurgical residency program; all other positions were denoted as nonacademic. A logistic regression model was used for multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 376 fellowship-trained spinal neurosurgeons were identified, of whom 140 (37.2%) held academic positions. The top 5 programs that graduated the most fellows in the cohort were Cleveland Clinic, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, University of Miami, Barrow Neurological Institute, and Northwestern University. On multivariate analysis, increased protected research time during residency (OR 1.03, p = 0.044), a higher h-index during residency (OR 1.12, p < 0.001), completing more than one clinical fellowship (OR 2.16, p = 0.024), and attending any of the top 5 programs that graduated the most fellows (OR 2.01, p = 0.0069) were independently associated with an academic career trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Increased protected research time during residency, a higher h-index during residency, completing more than one clinical fellowship, and attending one of the 5 programs graduating the most fellowship-trained neurosurgical spinal surgeons independently predicted an academic career. These results may be useful in identifying and advising trainees interested in academic spine neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Khalafallah
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adrian E Jimenez
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Collin J Larkin
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Debraj Mukherjee
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Sheng-Fu Lo
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ali Bydon
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy F Witham
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nader S Dahdaleh
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Hoz SS, Al-Sharshahi ZF, Esene IN, Dolachee AA, Neamah AM, Al-Khafaji AO, Al-Dhahir MA, Sadik H. PubMed-indexed neurosurgical research productivity of Iraq-based neurosurgeons. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:223. [PMID: 34221554 PMCID: PMC8248137 DOI: 10.25259/sni_47_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research is a central component of neurosurgical training and practice and is increasingly viewed as a quintessential indicator of academic productivity. In this study, we focus on identifying the current status and challenges of neurosurgical research in Iraq. Methods: An online PubMed Medline database search was conducted to identify all articles published by Iraq-based neurosurgeons between 2003 and 2020. Information was extracted in relation to the following parameters: authors, year of publication, author’s affiliation, author’s specialty, article type, article citation, journal name, journal impact factor, and topic. This data were then tabulated and analyzed. Results: Between 2003 and 2021, a total of 52 PubMed indexed papers were published from Iraq. All publications have been clustered in the period of 2012–2020. From 2012 to 2016, only four papers were published, one per year. The number of publications increased from 2017 to 2021, with an average of 12 publications per year. The most common article type was “case reports” (n = 14). Neurotrauma (n = 10) and vascular neurosurgery (n = 10) were the two most common topics. Most of the studies came from the city of Bagdad (n = 46), with just nine studies coming from peripheral governorates. The Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital in Bagdad was the neurosurgery center with the highest research output (n = 38). Conclusion: The number of publications per year has been showing a, relatively, promising trend since 2012. However, to promote sustained growth in academic productivity, a strategic plan that acknowledges the political, financial, and health-system-related challenges are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer S Hoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ignatius N Esene
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Ali A Dolachee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali M Neamah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Mohammed A Al-Dhahir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strong Memorial Hospital University, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Hatem Sadik
- Department of Intensive Care, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Kilgore MD, Scullen T, Mathkour M, Dindial R, Carr C, Zeoli T, Werner C, Kahn L, Bui CJ, Keen JR, Maulucci CM, Dumont AS. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Operative Volume and Residency Training at Two Academic Neurosurgery Centers in New Orleans. World Neurosurg 2021; 151:e68-e77. [PMID: 33812067 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical subspecialties including neurosurgery have seen a dramatic shift in operative volume in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The goal of this study was to quantify the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on operative volume at 2 academic neurosurgery centers in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA from equivalent periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted analyzing neurosurgical case records for 2 tertiary academic centers from March to June 2020 and March to June 2019. The records were reviewed for variables including institution and physician coverage, operative volume by month and year, cases per subspecialty, patient demographics, mortality, and morbidity. RESULTS Comparison of groups showed a 34% reduction in monthly neurosurgical volume per institution during the pandemic compared with earlier time points, including a 77% decrease during April 2020. There was no change in mortality and morbidity across institutions during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on neurosurgical practice and will likely continue to have long-term effects on patients at a time when global gross domestic products decrease and relative health expenditures increase. Clinicians must anticipate and actively prepare for these impacts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Kilgore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tyler Scullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mansour Mathkour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rishawn Dindial
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher Carr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tyler Zeoli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cassidy Werner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lora Kahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cuong J Bui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joseph R Keen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher M Maulucci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Melnick K, Grady C, Cuneo M, Brennan M, Rahman M. Academic Accomplishments of Female Neurosurgeons Currently in Practice in the United States. World Neurosurg 2021; 150:20-25. [PMID: 33722726 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women have now surpassed men in the number of medical students currently enrolled in the United States. However, in surgical subspecialties including neurosurgery, women continue to be significantly underrepresented. The objective of this study was to investigate the academic accomplishments of women in academic neurosurgery as measured by academic title, publications, and grant funding. METHODS A list of ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) accredited neurosurgery departments was utilized and department websites were reviewed to collect data regarding female and male faculty. Scopus and National Institutes of Health (NIH) RePORTER websites were used to collect other variables. RESULTS Women comprise 11.0% of all academic neurosurgeons. Of the 116 neurosurgery residency programs in the United States, 77% have at least 1 female faculty member. There are 172 academic female neurosurgeons in practice in the United States currently. Of academic female neurosurgeons, 61% are assistant professors, 21% are associate professors, and 18% are professors. Only 20 women hold leadership positions in their departments. Women have an average of 39.7 49.6 publications. The average h-index of academic female neurosurgeons is 12.0 11.1. Twenty-two women have or have had NIH funding with an average cumulative total grant value of $3,409,919. Having NIH funding and more publications is associated with higher academic rank and holding a leadership position. Women have significantly less funding and publications than men. CONCLUSIONS Women represent younger faculty with expected publication and grant funding productivity. As women continue to advance into more senior positions, the trends for number of publications and grant funding is expected to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Melnick
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Clare Grady
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Micaela Cuneo
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Meghan Brennan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Pastor-Cabeza M, Torné R, García-Armengol R, Menéndez-Osorio B, Mosteiro-Cadaval A, Bollar A, Rimbau JM, Sarabia R, Rodríguez-Hernández A. Women's role in neurosurgical research: is the gender gap improving? Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E6. [PMID: 33789230 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.focus20911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The percentage of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research might be perceived as a representation of our specialty and may influence the perpetuation of the existing gender gap. This study investigated whether the trend in women taking lead roles in neurosurgical research has mirrored the increase in female neurosurgeons during the past decade and whether our most prestigious publications portray enough female role models to stimulate gender diversity among the new generation of neurosurgeons. METHODS Two of the most prominent neurosurgical journals-Journal of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery-were selected for this study, and every original article that was published in 2009 and 2019 in each of those journals was investigated according to the gender of the first and senior authors, their academic titles, their affiliations, and their institutions' region. RESULTS A total of 1328 articles were analyzed. The percentage of female authors was significantly higher in Europe and Russia compared with the US and Canada (first authors: 60/302 [19.9%] vs 109/829 [13.1%], p = 0.005; and senior authors: 32/302 [10.6%] vs 57/829 [6.9%], p = 0.040). Significantly increased female authorship was observed from 2009 to 2019, and overall numbers of both first and senior female authors almost doubled. However, when analyzing by regions, female authorship increased significantly only in the US and Canada. Female authors of neurosurgical research articles were significantly less likely to hold an MD degree compared with men. Female neurosurgeons serving as senior authors were represented in only 3.6% (48/1328) of articles. Women serving as senior authors were more likely to have a female colleague listed as the first author of their research (29/97 [29.9%] vs 155/1231 [12.6%]; χ2 = 22.561, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although this work showed an encouraging increase in the number of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research, the stagnant trend in Europe may suggest that a glass ceiling has been reached and further advances in equity would require more aggressive measures. The differences in the researchers' profiles (academic title and affiliation) suggest an even wider gender gap. Cultural unconscious bias may explain why female senior authors have more than double the number of women serving as their junior authors compared with men. While changes in the workforce happen, strategies such as publishing specific issues on women, encouraging female editorials, and working toward more gender-balanced editorial boards may help our journals to portray a more equitable specialty that would not discourage bright female candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pastor-Cabeza
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - Ramon Torné
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona
| | | | | | | | - Alicia Bollar
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Donostia University Hospital, Guipúzcoa; and
| | - Jordi M Rimbau
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona
| | - Rosario Sarabia
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
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Boyd CJ, Davis C, Lindsey JT, Ananthasekar S, Kurapati S, King TW. Ranking United States Plastic Surgery Residency Programs Based on Academic Achievement of Faculty Members. Ann Plast Surg 2021; 86:206-209. [PMID: 32826441 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Doximity Residency Navigator is currently the only resource that ranks plastic surgery residency programs. Given the paucity of objective program rankings, in this study, we devised a new algorithm to rank plastic surgery programs based on academic achievement of faculty members. METHODS The Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database was used to obtain the following information on plastic surgery programs: the amount of 2017 National Institute of Health and Veterans Administration funding, lifetime and 5-year faculty h-indices, and the number of faculty on editorial boards of journals. Based on all of this information, an overall ranking of the top 25 plastic surgery programs was created. RESULTS The top program for annual National Institutes of Health and Veteran Affairs funding was the University of Southern California (integrated and independent). The top programs for faculty lifetime h-index were the University of Michigan (integrated) and New York University (independent). The top program for faculty 5-year h-index was the University of Pennsylvania (integrated and independent). The top program for the number of faculty members who are on the editorial boards of major journals was Harvard University (integrated and independent). The top program overall was Harvard University (integrated and independent). CONCLUSION We ranked plastic surgery residency programs based on objective data related to faculty academic achievement. Academic achievement rankings are just one of numerous other factors that medical students should synthesize when making informed decisions when applying to residency.
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Basu S, Horak R, Pollack MM. The Association of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Training Programs with Research Publication Productivity and Employment Outcomes of Their Graduates. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2020; 11:138-146. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOur objective was to associate characteristics of pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) fellowship training programs with career outcomes of PCCM physicians, including research publication productivity and employment characteristics. This is a descriptive study using publicly available data from 2557 PCCM physicians from the National Provider Index registry. We analyzed data on a systematic sample of 690 PCCM physicians representing 62 fellowship programs. There was substantial diversity in the characteristics of fellowship training programs in terms of fellowship size, intensive care unit (ICU) bed numbers, age of program, location, research rank of affiliated medical school, and academic metrics based on publication productivity of their graduates standardized over time. The clinical and academic attributes of fellowship training programs were associated with publication success and characteristics of their graduates' employment hospital. Programs with greater publication rate per graduate had more ICU beds and were associated with higher ranked medical schools. At the physician level, training program attributes including larger size, older program, and higher academic metrics were associated with graduates with greater publication productivity. There were varied characteristics of current employment hospitals, with graduates from larger, more academic fellowship training programs more likely to work in larger pediatric intensive care units (24 [interquartile range, IQR: 16–35] vs. 19 [IQR: 12–24] beds; p < 0.001), freestanding children's hospitals (52.6 vs. 26.3%; p < 0.001), hospitals with fellowship programs (57.3 vs. 40.3%; p = 0.01), and higher affiliated medical school research ranks (35.5 [IQR: 14–72] vs. 62 [IQR: 32, unranked]; p < 0.001). Large programs with higher academic metrics train physicians with greater publication success (H index 3 [IQR: 1–7] vs. 2 [IQR: 0–6]; p < 0.001) and greater likelihood of working in large academic centers. These associations may guide prospective trainees as they choose training programs that may foster their career values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Basu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital and the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Robin Horak
- Department of Anesthesia Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Murray M. Pollack
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital and the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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Price G, Lakomkin N, Kamat S, Baron RB, Scherschinski L, Hadjipanayis C. Medical Student Publications in Neurosurgery: At Which U.S. Academic Institutions Do Medical Students Publish Most? World Neurosurg 2020; 147:181-189.e1. [PMID: 33338672 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurosurgery residency match is a competitive process. While medical research offers esteemed learning opportunities, productivity is closely evaluated by residency programs. Accordingly, students work diligently to make contributions on projects within their neurosurgery departments. The present study evaluated medical student research productivity for each of the 118 U.S. neurosurgery residency programs. METHODS A retrospective review of publications for 118 neurosurgery programs from January 1, 2015, to April 1, 2020, was performed. The primary outcome was any publication with a medical student as the first author. Secondary outcomes included number of faculty in each department, department region, and medical school ranking. The number of student first author publications was compared among programs, regions, and medical schools. RESULTS Mean numbers of medical student first author publications and faculty members per institution were 16.27 and 14.46, respectively. The top 3 neurosurgery departments with the greatest number of student first author publications were Johns Hopkins University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and University of California, San Francisco. Salient findings included a positive correlation between the number of medical student first author publications from a neurosurgery department and the number of departmental faculty (P < 0.001, R = 0.69). Additionally, the mean number of first author medical student publications at the top 30 programs was higher than the mean for the remaining programs (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to evaluate neurosurgery medical student productivity in North America. By systematizing first authorships, incoming students who desire to pursue neurosurgery can be informed of institutions with student involvement, and departments that use medical student expertise can be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Price
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nikita Lakomkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samir Kamat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca B Baron
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Constantinos Hadjipanayis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA.
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Zaed I, Menna G, Caccavella VM, Stumpo V, Giordano M, Caimmi E, Wheeler DR, Tinterri B. Italian Neurosurgical Residents' Experience with Research Activities: A National Survey. World Neurosurg 2020; 142:e101-e110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mentor–Mentee Relationship in Neurosurgery: Standing on the Shoulder of Giants. World Neurosurg 2020; 141:110-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Taussky L, Harmouch S, Delouya G, Lambert C, Bahary JP, Lambert L, Masucci L, Blais N, Tang A, Liberman D, Zorn KC, Taussky D. Do Women Have Equal Chances for an Academic Career in Radiation Oncology in Canada? A Comparison With Related Specialties. Adv Radiat Oncol 2020; 5:313-317. [PMID: 32529123 PMCID: PMC7276660 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The progress of women in academic medicine appears to be curtailed. We evaluated gender differences in academia for residents in radiation oncology compared with 2 of its related specialties, radiology and medical oncology, across Canada. METHODS AND MATERIALS We analyzed abstracts presented between 2013 and 2016 at the annual meetings of the Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists and compared it to the corresponding data for the meetings of the Canadian Association of Radiologists and Canadian Association of Medical Oncology. We further evaluated gender composition of abstracts, presentations, and publications available on PubMed. Conversion rates according to gender and to medical specialties were assessed. Proportions were compared using Fisher exact test or the chi-squared test. RESULTS Among the 198 presented abstracts, 103 (52%) were published. Radiation oncology had the highest publishing rate with 90% (oncology 56%, radiology 40%). The publication rate between the medical specialties was significantly different (P < .001).Fifty-seven percent of abstracts presented by women were published versus 48% of abstracts presented by men. Overall, there was no significant difference between genders in terms of subsequent conversions into a scientific publication within each specialty (P = .25-1.0).In radiation oncology, women presented 67% of abstracts and published 95% of their presented abstracts, and in medical oncology, 66% of abstracts were from women and 57% of the presented abstracts were published. Among the published abstracts, 83% had the same first author in the abstract and the publication. Among those who lost their first-authorship status, 59% were women. However, there was no statistically significant difference between specialties for loss of first-author status. CONCLUSIONS We observed that from 2013 to 2016, women had the highest presentation and publication rate in radiation oncology. More prospective data are needed to monitor the progress of women in all specialties and their specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Taussky
- Department of Radiation Oncology Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sabrina Harmouch
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Guila Delouya
- Department of Radiation Oncology Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
- CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carole Lambert
- Department of Radiation Oncology Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Bahary
- Department of Radiation Oncology Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Louise Lambert
- Department of Radiation Oncology Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Masucci
- Department of Radiation Oncology Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Normand Blais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
- CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Liberman
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin C. Zorn
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Taussky
- Department of Radiation Oncology Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Corresponding author: Daniel Taussky, MD
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Mahavadi A, Shah AH, Sarkiss CA. Commentary. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:E412-E413. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Khalafallah AM, Jimenez AE, Caplan JM, McDougall CG, Huang J, Mukherjee D, Tamargo RJ. Predictors of an academic career among fellowship-trained open vascular and endovascular neurosurgeons. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:1173-1181. [PMID: 32302986 DOI: 10.3171/2020.2.jns2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although previous studies have explored factors that predict an academic career among neurosurgery residents in general, such predictors have yet to be determined within specific neurosurgical subspecialties. The authors report on predictors they identified as correlating with academic placement among fellowship-trained vascular neurosurgeons. METHODS A database was created that included all physicians who graduated from ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education)-accredited neurosurgery residency programs between 1960 and 2018 using publicly available online data. Neurosurgeons who completed either open vascular or endovascular fellowships were identified. Subsequent employment of vascular or endovascular neurosurgeons in academic centers was determined. A position was considered academic if the hospital of employment was affiliated with a neurosurgery residency program; all other positions were considered non-academic. Bivariate analyses were conducted using Fisher's exact test or the Mann-Whitney U-test, and multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 83 open vascular neurosurgeons and 115 endovascular neurosurgeons were identified. In both cohorts, the majority of neurosurgeons were employed in academic positions after training. In bivariate analysis, only 2 factors were significantly associated with a career in academic neurosurgery for open vascular neurosurgeons: 1) an h-index of ≥ 2 during residency (OR 3.71, p = 0.016), and 2) attending a top 10 residency program based on U.S. News and World Report rankings (OR 4.35, p = 0.030). In bivariate analysis, among endovascular neurosurgeons, having an h-index of ≥ 2 during residency (OR 4.35, p = 0.0085) and attending a residency program affiliated with a top 10 U.S. News and World Report medical school (OR 2.97, p = 0.029) were significantly associated with an academic career. In multivariate analysis, for both open vascular and endovascular neurosurgeons, an h-index of ≥ 2 during residency was independently predictive of an academic career. Attending a residency program affiliated with a top 10 U.S. News and World Report medical school independently predicted an academic career among endovascular neurosurgeons only. CONCLUSIONS The authors report that an h-index of ≥ 2 during residency predicts pursuit of an academic career among vascular and endovascular neurosurgeons. Additionally, attendance of a residency program affiliated with a top research medical school independently predicts an academic career trajectory among endovascular neurosurgeons. This result may be useful to identify and mentor residents interested in academic vascular neurosurgery.
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Khan NR, Saad H, Oravec CS, Norrdahl SP, Fraser B, Wallace D, Lillard JC, Motiwala M, Nguyen VN, Lee SL, Jones AV, Ajmera S, Kalakoti P, Dave P, Moore KA, Akinduro O, Nyenwe E, Vaughn B, Michael LM, Klimo P. An Analysis of Publication Productivity During Residency for 1506 Neurosurgical Residents and 117 Residency Departments in North America. Neurosurgery 2020; 84:857-867. [PMID: 29850872 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bibliometrics is defined as the study of statistical and mathematical methods used to quantitatively analyze scientific literature. The application of bibliometrics in neurosurgery continues to evolve. OBJECTIVE To calculate a number of publication productivity measures for almost all neurosurgical residents and departments within North America. These measures were correlated with survey results on the educational environment within residency programs. METHODS During May to June 2017, data were collected from departmental websites and Scopus to compose a bibliometric database of neurosurgical residents and residency programs. Data related to authorship value and study content were collected on all articles published by residents. A survey of residency program research and educational environment was administered to program directors and coordinators; results were compared with resident academic productivity. RESULTS The median number of publications in residency was 3; median h-index and Resident index were 1 and 0.17 during residency, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in academic productivity among male neurosurgical residents compared with females. The majority of articles published were tier 1 clinical articles. Residency program research support was significantly associated with increased resident productivity (P < .001). Scholarly activity requirements were not associated with increased resident academic productivity. CONCLUSION This study represents the most comprehensive bibliometric assessment of neurosurgical resident academic productivity during training to date. New benchmarks for individual and department academic productivity are provided. A supportive research environment for neurosurgical residents is associated with increased academic productivity, but a scholarly activity requirement was, surprisingly, not shown to have a positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickalus R Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hassan Saad
- Arkansas Neuroscience Institute, CHI St. Vincent Infirmary, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Chesney S Oravec
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Brittany Fraser
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David Wallace
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jock C Lillard
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mustafa Motiwala
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Vincent N Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Siang Liao Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Anna V Jones
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sonia Ajmera
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Kenneth A Moore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Olutomi Akinduro
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Brandy Vaughn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - L Madison Michael
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Semmes Murphey, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul Klimo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Semmes Murphey, Memphis, Tennessee
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Shankar DS, Chung PJ, Hannah T, Dreher N, Li AY, Dai JB, Post AF, Choudhri TF. The effect of academic rank and years in practice on bibliometric profile growth rates among academic neurosurgeons in the New York metropolitan area. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY-ADVANCED TECHNIQUES AND CASE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2019.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Academic productivity of neurosurgery residents in Europe. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:245-246. [PMID: 31863298 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-019-04181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lepard JR, Shank CD, Agee BS, Hadley MN, Walters BC. Neurosurgical resident research education: a survey of United States residency program directors. J Neurosurg 2019; 133:1527-1536. [PMID: 32508079 DOI: 10.3171/2019.7.jns19632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The application of evidence-based medicine (EBM) has played an increasing role within neurosurgical education over the last several decades. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has mandated that residents are now required to demonstrate academic productivity and mastery of EBM principles. The goal of this study was to assess how neurosurgery programs around the US are dealing with the challenges of fulfilling these program requirements from the ACGME in addition to standard neurosurgical education. METHODS A 20-question survey was developed and electronically delivered to residency program directors of the 110 ACGME-approved MD and DO training programs in the US. Data regarding journal club and critical appraisal skills, research requirements, and protected research time were collected. Linear regression was used to determine significant associations between these data and reported resident academic productivity. RESULTS Responses were received from 102 of the 110 (92.7%) neurosurgical training programs in the US. Ninety-eight programs (96.1%) confirmed a regularly scheduled journal club. Approximately half of programs (51.5%) indicated that the primary goal of their journal club was to promote critical appraisal skills. Only 58.4% of programs reported a formal EBM curriculum. In 57.4% of programs an annual resident publication requirement was confirmed. Multivariate regression models demonstrated that greater protected research time (p = 0.001), journal club facilitator with extensive training in research methods (p = 0.029), and earlier research participation during residency (p = 0.049) all increased the number of reported publications per resident. CONCLUSIONS Although specific measures are important, and should be tailored to the program, the overall training culture with faculty mentorship and provision of time and resources for research activity are probably the most important factors.
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Kilinc F, Gessler F, Dubinski D, Won SY, Quick-Weller J, Seifert V, Behmanesh B. Academic output of German neurosurgical residents in 35 academic neurosurgery residency programs. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019; 161:1969-1974. [PMID: 31321540 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-019-04011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific activity of neurosurgeons and neurosurgery residents as measured by bibliometric parameters is of increased interest. While data about academic output for neurosurgeons in the USA, the UK, and Canada have been published, no similar results for German neurosurgical residents exist. Within this study, we aim to evaluate the academic output of German neurosurgery residents in 35 academic residency programs. METHODS Data for each resident were collected from the departmental websites, Pubmed, and Scopus. Further analyses evaluated the relationship between publication productivity, sex, and academic degree (Dr. med.). RESULTS Data from 424 neurosurgery residents were analyzed. A total of 1222 publications were considered. A total of 355 (29%) of the 1222 publications were first-author publications. The average number of publications per resident was 2.9; the average h-index and m-quotient was 1.1 and 0.4, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in academic output and h-index among neurosurgical residents with a doctoral degree compared with residents without such degree (5.3 vs. 1.3, p < 0.0001 and 2.0 vs. 0.5, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This is the very first study evaluating the academic output of neurosurgical residents in academic neurosurgical departments in Germany.
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Jazayeri HE, Ganjawalla KP, Lee KC, Wu BW, Tannyhill RJ. Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Dental Students Seek Academically Productive Mentors. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 78:12-17. [PMID: 31568754 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether a strong statistical correlation exists between the involvement of trainee groups and the academic productivity of the senior author. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of publications in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from 2002 to 2016 was designed and implemented. The primary predictor variables were the presence of a trainee (dental student or oral and maxillofacial surgery [OMS] resident), year of publication, and study design and topic. The outcome variable was the Hirsch index (h-index) of the senior author. Author affiliations were queried using ScienceDirect, and the Scopus database was used to identify the h-index of the senior author from each publication spanning the previous 15 years. Descriptive statistics and t tests were performed to determine significance. RESULTS Of the 6,398 articles published in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from January 2002 to December 2016, 1,341 (21.0%) met the inclusion criteria. The mean h-index of senior authors of articles with trainees or OMS residents was not significantly different from the mean h-index of senior authors without trainees (P = .50) or OMS residents (P = .37), whereas the mean h-index of senior authors working with dental students was significantly greater than the h-index of those not working with dental students (P < .01). Dental student mentors had a mean h-index that was below the sample mean from 2002 to 2007 but rose above the sample mean from 2010 to 2016. Trainees were more likely to work with academically productive mentors in orthognathic surgery (P < .01), temporomandibular joint (P < .05), retrospective cohort (P < .05), and innovative technique (P < .05) studies but less likely in randomized controlled trials (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Dental students seek more academically productive mentors to a greater degree. More studies should be conducted to elucidate the attributes of the ideal mentor in academic OMS and to determine whether differences in mentorship exist between domestic and foreign OMS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein E Jazayeri
- DMD Candidate, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karan P Ganjawalla
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin C Lee
- Resident, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Brendan W Wu
- DMD Candidate, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - R John Tannyhill
- OMFS Residency Program Director and Education Director, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.
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Karsy M, Henderson F, Tenny S, Guan J, Amps JW, Friedman AH, Spiotta AM, Patel S, Kestle JRW, Jensen RL, Couldwell WT. Attitudes and opinions of US neurosurgical residents toward research and scholarship: a national survey. J Neurosurg 2019; 131:252-263. [PMID: 30117774 DOI: 10.3171/2018.3.jns172846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The analysis of resident research productivity in neurosurgery has gained significant recent interest. Resident scholarly output affects departmental productivity, recruitment of future residents, and likelihood of future research careers. To maintain and improve opportunities for resident research, the authors evaluated factors that affect resident attitudes toward neurosurgical research on a national level. METHODS An online survey was distributed to all US neurosurgical residents. Questions assessed interest in research, perceived departmental support of research, and resident-perceived limitations in pursuing research. Residents were stratified based on number of publications above the median (AM; ≥ 14) or below the median (BM; < 14) for evaluation of factors influencing productivity. RESULTS A total of 278 resident responses from 82 US residency programs in 30 states were included (a 20% overall response rate). Residents predominantly desired future academic positions (53.2%), followed by private practice with some research (40.3%). Residents reported a mean ± SD of 11 ± 14 publications, which increased with postgraduate year level. The most common type of research involved retrospective cohort studies (24%) followed by laboratory/benchtop (19%) and case reports (18%). Residents as a group spent on average 14.1 ± 18.5 hours (median 7.0 hours) a week on research. Most residents (53.6%) had ≥ 12 months of protected research time. Mentorship (92.4%), research exposure (89.9%), and early interest in science (78.4%) had the greatest impact on interest in research while the most limiting factors were time (91.0%), call scheduling (47.1%), and funding/grants (37.1%). AM residents cited research exposure (p = 0.003), neurosurgery conference exposure (p = 0.02), formal research training prior to residency (p = 0.03), internal funding sources (p = 0.05), and software support (p = 0.02) as most important for their productivity. Moreover, more productive residents applied and received a higher number of < $10,000 and ≥ $10,000 grants (p < 0.05). A majority of residents (82.4%) agreed or strongly agreed with pursuing research throughout their professional careers. Overall, about half of residents (49.6%) were encouraged toward continued neurosurgical research, while the rest were neutral (36.7%) or discouraged (13.7%). Free-text responses helped to identify solutions on a departmental, regional, and national level that could increase interest in neurosurgical research. CONCLUSIONS This survey evaluates various factors affecting resident views toward research, which may also be seen in other specialties. Residents remain enthusiastic about neurosurgical research and offer several solutions to the ever-scarce commodities of time and funding within academic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karsy
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Fraser Henderson
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Steven Tenny
- 3Division of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jian Guan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremy W Amps
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Allan H Friedman
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alejandro M Spiotta
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Sunil Patel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John R W Kestle
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Randy L Jensen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - William T Couldwell
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Ajmera S, Lee RP, Schultz A, Hersh DS, Lepard J, Xu R, Saad H, Akinduro O, Justo M, Fraser BD, Motiwala M, Dave P, Jimenez B, Wallace DA, Osikoya O, Norrdahl S, Dooley JH, Khan NR, Vaughn BN, Maher CO, Klimo P. Postgraduate publishing output in pediatric neurosurgery: correlation with fellowship site and individual scholars. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019; 24:343-351. [PMID: 31226678 DOI: 10.3171/2019.4.peds18717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the publication output of postgraduate pediatric neurosurgery fellows for a 10-year period as well as identify 25 individual highly productive pediatric neurosurgeons. The correlation between academic productivity and the site of fellowship training was studied. METHODS Programs certified by the Accreditation Council for Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowships that had 5 or more graduating fellows from 2006 to 2015 were included for analysis. Fellows were queried using Scopus for publications during those 10 years with citation data through 2017. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, comparing program rankings of faculty against fellows using the revised Hirsch index (r-index; primary) and Hirsch index (h-index; secondary). A list of 25 highly accomplished individual academicians and their fellowship training locations was compiled. RESULTS Sixteen programs qualified with 152 fellows from 2006 to 2015; 136 of these surgeons published a total of 2009 articles with 23,735 citations. Most publications were pediatric-specific (66.7%) clinical articles (93.1%), with middle authorship (55%). Co-investigators were more likely from residency than fellowship. There was a clustering of the top 7 programs each having total publications of around 120 or greater, publications per fellow greater than 12, more than 1200 citations, and adjusted ir10 (revised 10-year institutional h-index) and ih10 (10-year institutional h-index) values of approximately 2 or higher. Correlating faculty and fellowship program rankings yielded correlation coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.80. Fifteen individuals (60%) in the top 25 (by r5 index) list completed their fellowship at 1 of these 7 institutions. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 90% of fellowship-trained pediatric neurosurgeons have 1 or more publications, but the spectrum of output is broad. There is a strong correlation between where surgeons complete their fellowships and postgraduate publications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan P Lee
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - David S Hersh
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jacob Lepard
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Hassan Saad
- 5Arkansas Neuroscience Institute, CHI St. Vincent Infirmary, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nickalus R Khan
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Cormac O Maher
- 8Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Paul Klimo
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- 7Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- 9Semmes Murphey, Memphis, Tennessee
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Gender Representation at Neurological Surgery Conferences. World Neurosurg 2019; 129:453-459. [PMID: 31212029 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women constitute a minority (9.2%) of academic neurosurgeons. We previously found that women in academic medicine are disadvantaged in funding and career advancement opportunities. We hypothesized that women are also underrepresented at neurosurgical society conferences. METHODS Programs from the 2014-2018 meetings of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), American Association of Neurological Surgery (AANS), and North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) were analyzed. Demographic data, including name, gender, and geographic region of practice, were collected for speaker, moderator, or leadership positions. χ2 statistical analysis was performed for difference in gender representation across all opportunity spots. RESULTS In the period 2014-2018, there was no female presidents or honored guest at any academic meetings analyzed; 53.8% of executive committees comprised all men. Women often constituted a minority (<15%) of speakers and moderators at CNS, AANS, and NASBS meetings: speakers (% female, range), 8.6 (5.5-11.7), 13.6 (10.1-19.7), and 10.5 (5.6-16.6); moderators (% female, range), 7.8 (0-14.3), 23.0 (81.3-91.3), and 13.0 (8.6-18.7). Conference panels frequently comprised all men (58% CNS, 20.7% AANS, 61% NASBS). χ2 analysis found a disparity in male and female participation across all opportunity spots (P = 0.002). Additionally, female participants are often repeated, decreasing total number of unique women participating. There was no significant increase in female participation across the study period. CONCLUSIONS In 2014-2018, underrepresentation of women in national neurosurgical conferences either matched or exceeded the baseline gender disparity seen in academic neurosurgery. We discussed potential causes of and strategies to address these findings.
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Broome ME, Oermann MH, Douglas CE, Simmons DF, Woodward A. Publication Productivity of Nursing Faculty in Selected Schools of Nursing Across the United States. J Nurs Scholarsh 2019; 51:346-355. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion E. Broome
- Beta Epsilon, Ruby F. Wilson Professor of Nursing and DeanDuke University School of Nursing Durham NC USA
| | - Marilyn H. Oermann
- Beta Epsilon, Thelma M. Ingles Professor of NursingDuke University School of Nursing Durham NC USA
| | - Christian E. Douglas
- Assistant Director and Senior StatisticianResearch Design and Statistical CoreCenter for Nursing ResearchDuke University School of Nursing Durham NC USA
| | - Denise F. Simmons
- Clinical Research CoordinatorDuke Office of Clinical ResearchDuke University Durham NC USA
| | - Amanda Woodward
- Research and Education LibrarianLiaison to the School of NursingDuke University Medical Center Library Durham NC USA
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Jean WC, Felbaum DR. Impact of Training and Practice Environment on Academic Productivity of Early Career Academic Neurosurgeons. World Neurosurg 2019; 121:e892-e897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Thangamathesvaran L, M. Patel N, Siddiqui SH, Singh R, Wayne R, Kılıç S, Hsueh WD, Baredes S, Eloy JA. The Otolaryngology Match: A Bibliometric Analysis of 222 First-Year Residents. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:1561-1566. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loka Thangamathesvaran
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Nirali M. Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Sana H. Siddiqui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Roshansa Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Robert Wayne
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Suat Kılıç
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Wayne D. Hsueh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Soly Baredes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery; Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Jean Anderson Eloy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery; Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey U.S.A
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Karsy M, Azab MA, Guan J, Couldwell WT, Rolston JD. The Impact of Specialization in Journal Networks and Scholarship. World Neurosurg 2018; 120:e349-e356. [PMID: 30144595 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of bibliometrics to evaluate authors, institutions, and journals faces significant challenges in comparing biomedical specialties because of marked differences among fields. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of specialty field and physician numbers on bibliometric parameters. METHODS For this bibliometric analysis, data from MDLinx.com and SCImago Journal & Country Rank for 2016 were used to rank the journals. The 2015 Physician Specialty Data Report provided the number of specialists in specific fields. We assessed the means for bibliometric parameters across medical and surgical specialties. RESULTS A total of 904 journals within 25 medical and surgical specialties were identified. Medical specialty journals had higher average total citations than did surgical specialty journals (8360 ± 16082 vs. 6217 ± 8743; P = 0.01). Medical specialties with the highest impact factor were oncology (7.8 ± 20.7), psychiatry (4.6 ± 4.0), and neurology (4.4 ± 4.1), whereas surgical specialties were led by urology (2.9 ± 3.3), cardiothoracic surgery (2.9 ± 2.7), and general surgery (2.6 ± 1.7). Impact factor and Eigenfactor score (a measure of both journal citations and caliber) were strongly correlated (r = 0.84, P = 0.0001). Comparison of impact factor per total physicians in the specialty suggested that top-ranked specialty journals were in allergy/immunology, pulmonology, and cardiothoracic surgery. Mean Eigenfactor score per total physicians showed that top journals were in cardiothoracic surgery, rheumatology, and pulmonary medicine. CONCLUSIONS Journal bibliometrics, which may strongly influence professional advancement and grant funding, show dramatic differences in ranking after accounting for specialty and physician population. Improved analysis and understanding of available bibliometrics, including their limitations, are necessary to appreciate their role in measuring scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | - Mohammed A Azab
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William T Couldwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Gelinne A, Zuckerman S, Benzil D, Grady S, Callas P, Durham S. United States Medical Licensing Exam Step I Score as a Predictor of Neurosurgical Career Beyond Residency. Neurosurgery 2018; 84:1028-1034. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUNDUnited States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step I score is cited as one of the most important factors when for applying to neurosurgery residencies. No studies have documented a correlation between USMLE Step I score and metrics of neurosurgical career trajectory beyond residency.OBJECTIVETo determine whether USMLE Step I exam scores are predictive of neurosurgical career beyond residency, as defined by American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) certification status, practice type, academic rank, and research productivity.METHODSA database of neurosurgery residency applicants who matched into neurosurgery from 1997 to 2007 was utilized that included USMLE Step I score. Online databases were used to determine h-index, National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant funding, academic rank, practice type, and ABNS certification status of each applicant. Linear regression and nonparametric testing determined associations between USMLE Step I scores and these variables.RESULTSUSMLE Step I scores were higher for neurosurgeons in academic positions (237) when compared to community practice (234) and non-neurosurgeons (233, P < .01). USMLE Step I score was not different between neurosurgeons of different academic rank (P = .21) or ABNS certification status (P = .78). USMLE Step I score was not correlated with h-index for academic neurosurgeons (R2 = 0.002, P = .36).CONCLUSIONUSMLE Step I score has little utility in predicting the future careers of neurosurgery resident applicants. A career in academic neurosurgery is associated with a slightly higher USMLE Step I score. However, USMLE Step I score does not predict academic rank or productivity (h-index or NIH funding) nor does USMLE Step I score predict ABNS certification status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gelinne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Scott Zuckerman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Deborah Benzil
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Kisco, New York
| | - Sean Grady
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Callas
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Susan Durham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
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Lee RP, Xu R, Dave P, Ajmera S, Lillard JC, Wallace D, Broussard A, Motiwala M, Norrdahl S, Howie C, Akinduro O, Venable GT, Khan NR, Taylor DR, Vaughn BN, Klimo P. Taking the next step in publication productivity analysis in pediatric neurosurgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018; 21:655-665. [PMID: 29570033 DOI: 10.3171/2018.1.peds17535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been an increasing interest in the quantitative analysis of publishing within the field of neurosurgery at the individual, group, and institutional levels. The authors present an updated analysis of accredited pediatric neurosurgery training programs. METHODS All 28 Accreditation Council for Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowship programs were contacted for the names of pediatric neurosurgeons who were present each year from 2011 through 2015. Faculty names were queried in Scopus for publications and citations during this time period. The 5-year institutional Hirsch index [i h(5)-index] and revised 5-year institutional h-index [i r(5)-index] were calculated to rank programs. Each publication was reviewed to determine authorship value, tier of research, clinical versus basic science research, subject matter, and whether it was pediatrics-specific. A unique 3-tier article classification system was introduced to stratify clinical articles by quality and complexity, with tier 3 being the lowest tier of publication (e.g., case reports) and tier 1 being the highest (e.g., randomized controlled trials). RESULTS Among 2060 unique publications, 1378 (67%) were pediatrics-specific. The pediatrics-specific articles had a mean of 15.2 citations per publication (median 6), whereas the non-pediatrics-specific articles had a mean of 23.0 citations per publication (median 8; p < 0.0001). For the 46% of papers that had a pediatric neurosurgeon as first or last author, the mean number of citations per publication was 12.1 (median 5.0) compared with 22.5 (median 8.0) for those in which a pediatric neurosurgeon was a middle author (p < 0.0001). Seventy-nine percent of articles were clinical research and 21% were basic science or translational research; however, basic science and translational articles had a mean of 36.9 citations per publication (median 15) compared with 12.6 for clinical publications (median 5.0; p < 0.0001). Among clinical articles, tier 1 papers had a mean of 15.0 citations per publication (median 8.0), tier 2 papers had a mean of 18.7 (median 8.0), and tier 3 papers had a mean of 7.8 (median 3.0). Neuro-oncology papers received the highest number of citations per publication (mean 25.7). The most common journal was the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics (20%). MD/PhD faculty members had significantly more citations per publication than MD faculty members (mean 26.7 vs 14.0; p < 0.0001) and also a higher number of publications per author (mean 38.6 vs 20.8). The median i h(5)- and i r(5)-indices per program were 14 (range 5-48) and 10 (range 5.6-37.2), respectively. The mean i r(5)/i h(5)-index ratio was 0.8. The top 5 fellowship programs (in descending order) as ranked by the i h(5)-index corrected for number of faculty members were The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital; Seattle Children's Hospital; and St. Louis Children's Hospital. CONCLUSIONS About two-thirds of publications authored by pediatric neurosurgeons are pediatrics-specific, although non-pediatrics-specific articles averaged more citations. Most of the articles authored by pediatric neurosurgeons are clinical, with basic and translational articles averaging more citations. Neurosurgeons with PhD degrees averaged more total publications and more citations per publication. In all, this is the most advanced and informative analysis of publication productivity in pediatric neurosurgery to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Lee
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Garrett T Venable
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Nickalus R Khan
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Douglas R Taylor
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | | | - Paul Klimo
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.,4Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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Post A, Li AY, Dai JB, Maniya AY, Haider S, Sobotka S, Choudhri TF. c-index and Subindices of the h-index: New Variants of the h-index to Account for Variations in Author Contribution. Cureus 2018; 10:e2629. [PMID: 30027021 PMCID: PMC6044490 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bibliometrics are used to assess or compare the academic productivity of individuals or groups. Most of these metrics, including the widely used h-index, do not recognize the added contribution that is generally provided by authors listed first, second, second-to-last and last (enhanced positions) in a publication citation. We propose the c-index as a novel modification to the h-index that will better reflect an individual's academic output, incorporating authorship position. Methods One hundred and sixty-six academic neurosurgeons in eight New York City (NYC) metropolitan region training programs were identified through department websites. Using the Scopus citation database, bibliometric profiles were created for each surgeon. Once an individual's h-index was calculated, the h-core articles (those with h or more citations) were specifically assessed to determine citation author position. Novel bibliometric indices were created to reflect the number of h-core articles that accounted for primary (hp), senior (hs) or internal authorship (hi) position. Weighted "involvement factors" for primary (ip) and senior (is) author contribution were created to reflect the added value of "enhanced position" authorship in an individual's h-core publications. c-indices were created to reflect the author's h-index once augmented by primary (cp), senior (cs), and overall (co) "enhanced position" authorship. Comparisons were made within each institution and across institutions, according to academic rank (assistant professor, associate professor, professor and chairperson). Results Breakdown by academic rank showed an increasing average h-index progressing from assistant professor through professor rank with no significant difference demonstrated between professor and chair status. This pattern was seen across all departments (aggregate) but with fewer instances of significance at the level of individual departments. After h-index modification, cp, cs, and co indices showed a similarly significant trend. As faculty rank increased, there was a significant trend toward increasing numbers of articles with authors in enhanced positions and a higher percentage of articles with the author in a senior position. Academic faculty had higher h, cp, and cs indices than clinical faculty. Evaluation of each individual department revealed no significant trend regarding a department's higher average cp or cs. Average c-index for a department paralleled the average h-index of that department, with larger departments tending to have larger cumulative h, cp, cs, and co indices. No consistent correlation was seen between mean h-indices and academic rank at an individual departmental level. Conclusions This study examines the academic productivity of a subset of neurosurgical programs in the NYC metropolitan area as a test bed for novel bibliometric indices. hp, hi, and hs represent the respective number of primary, internal and senior authorship papers that comprise an individual's h-core papers. cp, cs, and co, variations of the h-index metric, are designed to more accurately reflect the contributions by primary, secondary and senior authors. Increasing academic rank was associated with an increased number of articles with the author in enhanced positions and a higher percentage of articles in a senior position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Post
- Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
| | - Adam Y Li
- Neurosurgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dai
- Neurosurgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Syed Haider
- Neurosurgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Stanislaw Sobotka
- Neurosurgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Tanvir F Choudhri
- Neurosurgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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