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Silveira ML, Everard CD, Sharma E, Lauten K, Alexandridis AA, Duffy K, Taylor EV, Tolliver EA, Blanco C, Compton WM, Kimmel HL, Iafolla T, Hyland A, Chaffee BW. Tobacco Use and Incidence of Adverse Oral Health Outcomes Among US Adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2245909. [PMID: 36484986 PMCID: PMC9856400 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.45909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Evolving tobacco use patterns, including increasing electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use, warrant re-examination of the associations between tobacco use and oral health. Objective To examine associations between tobacco product use and incidence of adverse oral health outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used nationally representative data from wave (W) 1 to W5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Recruitment used a stratified address-based, area-probability household sample of the noninstitutionalized US civilian population. The W1 cohort included respondents aged 18 years and older without lifetime history of oral health outcomes at W1 or W3, depending on when the outcome was first assessed. Data analysis was performed from October 2021 to September 2022. Exposures Current (every day or someday use) established (lifetime use of at least 100 cigarettes or "fairly regular" use of other products) use of cigarettes, ENDS, cigars, pipes, hookah, snus, and smokeless tobacco, excluding snus at W1 to W4. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were past 12-month self-reported diagnosis of gum disease and precancerous oral lesions (W2-W5) and bone loss around teeth, bleeding after brushing or flossing, loose teeth, and 1 or more teeth removed (W4-W5). Results Sample sizes varied across the 6 oral health outcomes (13 149 respondents for the gum disease sample, 14 993 respondents for the precancerous oral lesions sample, 16 312 respondents for the bone loss around teeth sample, 10 286 respondents for the bleeding after brushing or flossing sample, 15 686 respondents for the loose teeth sample, and 12 061 respondents for the 1 or more teeth removed sample). Slightly more than half of adults (52%-54% across the 6 samples) were women, and the majority were of non-Hispanic White race and ethnicity. Cox proportional hazards models were developed with covariates that included time-dependent tobacco use variables mutually adjusted for each other. Cigarette smoking was positively associated with incidence of gum disease diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.11-1.60), loose teeth (AHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05-1.75), and 1 or more teeth removed (AHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.18-1.74). Cigar smoking was positively associated with incidence of precancerous oral lesions (AHR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.38-3.43). In addition, hookah smoking was positively associated with incidence of gum disease diagnosis (AHR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.20-2.63), and ENDS use was positively associated with incidence of bleeding after brushing or flossing (AHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.04-1.54). No associations were observed between snus and smokeless tobacco excluding snus and incidence of oral health outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance The observed associations of combustible tobacco use with incidence of several adverse oral health outcomes and ENDS use with incidence of bleeding after brushing or flossing highlight the importance of longitudinal studies and emphasize the continued importance of tobacco cessation counseling and resources in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marushka L. Silveira
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Kelly Government Solutions, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Colm D. Everard
- Kelly Government Solutions, Rockville, Maryland
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Kara Duffy
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ethel V. Taylor
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Eric A. Tolliver
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Carlos Blanco
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wilson M. Compton
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather L. Kimmel
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Timothy Iafolla
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Benjamin W. Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California, San Francisco
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Behaviour change intervention for smokeless tobacco (ST) cessation delivered through dentists within a dental setting: a feasibility study protocol. BDJ Open 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35449103 PMCID: PMC9023496 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-022-00104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives/Aim To adapt a structured behavioural support intervention for smokeless tobacco (ST) cessation and to assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the intervention via dentists within dental settings in Pakistan. Material and methods The study will have 3 phases: (1) Adapt a previously developed intervention to make it suitable for delivery in a clinical/dental setting through qualitative interviews with dental patients and dentists; (2) A multi-centre, pilot randomised control trial in two teaching dental hospitals in Pakistan. Participants (dental patients) will be randomly assigned to intervention or control group in a 1:1 allocation ratio to receive either a structured behavioural support intervention involving face to face counselling or self-help material plus usual care. Each participant will be in the study for approximately 6 months and the overall study is expected to run for 12 months; (3) An embedded qualitative process evaluation. All trial participants will be followed up at 3 and 6 months to assess self-reported ST use. Outcome measures will include: rates of eligibility, recruitment and retention, randomisation group cross-over rates, the provision of data on ST use behaviour, fidelity to the intervention and qualitative assessment of acceptability and feasibility. Discussion Despite the high use of ST in Pakistan, users are offered negligible cessation support. The findings of this multi-centre, mixed-method feasibility study will inform the scope for a larger trial on ST cessation delivered through the existing dental health system.
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The World of Oral Cancer and Its Risk Factors Viewed from the Aspect of MicroRNA Expression Patterns. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040594. [PMID: 35456400 PMCID: PMC9027895 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a reported 5-year survival rate of around 50% after treatment. Epigenetic modifications are considered to have a key role in oral carcinogenesis due to histone modifications, aberrant DNA methylation, and altered expression of miRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have a key role in cancer development by regulating signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. MiRNA deregulation identified in oral cancer has led to the idea of using them as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In recent years, a key role has been observed for risk factors in preventing and treating this malignancy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent knowledge about the altered mechanisms of oral cancer due to risk factors and the role of miRNAs in these mechanisms.
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Li Y, Carlson ES, Zarth AT, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS. Investigation of 2'-Deoxyadenosine-Derived Adducts Specifically Formed in Rat Liver and Lung DNA by N'-Nitrosonornicotine Metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1004-1015. [PMID: 33720703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the tobacco-specific nitrosamines N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1). To exert its carcinogenicity, NNN requires metabolic activation to form reactive intermediates which alkylate DNA. Previous studies have identified cytochrome P450-catalyzed 2'-hydroxylation and 5'-hydroxylation of NNN as major metabolic pathways, with preferential activation through the 5'-hydroxylation pathway in some cultured human tissues and patas monkeys. So far, the only DNA adducts identified from NNN 5'-hydroxylation in rat tissues are 2-[2-(3-pyridyl)-N-pyrrolidinyl]-2'-deoxyinosine (Py-Py-dI), 6-[2-(3-pyridyl)-N-pyrrolidinyl]-2'-deoxynebularine (Py-Py-dN), and N6-[4-hydroxy-1-(pyridine-3-yl)butyl]-2'-deoxyadenosine (N6-HPB-dAdo) after reduction. To expand the DNA adduct panel formed by NNN 5'-hydroxylation and identify possible activation biomarkers of NNN metabolism, we investigated the formation of dAdo-derived adducts using a new highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry method. Two types of NNN-specific dAdo-derived adducts, N6-[5-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2'-deoxyadenosine (N6-Py-THF-dAdo) and 6-[2-(3-pyridyl)-N-pyrrolidinyl-5-hydroxy]-2'-deoxynebularine (Py-Py(OH)-dN), were observed for the first time in calf thymus DNA incubated with 5'-acetoxyNNN. More importantly, Py-Py(OH)-dN was also observed in relatively high abundance in the liver and lung DNA of rats treated with racemic NNN in the drinking water for 3 weeks. These new adducts were characterized using authentic synthesized standards. Both NMR and MS data agreed well with the proposed structures of N6-Py-THF-dAdo and Py-Py(OH)-dN. Reduction of Py-Py(OH)-dN by NaBH3CN led to the formation of Py-Py-dN both in vitro and in vivo, which was confirmed by its isotopically labeled internal standard [pyridine-d4]Py-Py-dN. The NNN-specific dAdo adducts Py-THF-dAdo and Py-Py(OH)-dN formed by NNN 5'-hydroxylation provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of DNA adduct formation by NNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Erik S Carlson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adam T Zarth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Tirukkovalluri SS, Luck CP, Makesh RLS, Akhshaya PT, Radhakrishnan A, Karthick RC, Arumugam B, Gunasekaran N, Patwardhan SR. Workplace based Potentially Malignant Oral Lesions Screening among Tobacco Consuming Migrant Construction Site Workers in Chennai, South India: A Pilot Study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5004-5009. [PMID: 33209836 PMCID: PMC7652114 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_687_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Vulnerable population groups such as migrant workers are identified as emerging high-risk groups for oral cancer owing to the high prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption. Premature deaths due to oral cancer can be prevented by screening the population with high tobacco consumption practices and detecting early reversible stages of oral mucosal cavity lesions and facilitating linkages for further care. Aim: To assess prevalence of potentially malignant oral mucosal cavity lesions among tobacco consuming migrant construction workers in sub-urban Chennai, India. Settings and Designs: A workplace based cross-sectional study design. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at workplaces i.e., construction sites for screening potentially malignant oral mucosal cavity lesions among migrant workers across 23 construction sites of Chennai during September 2019 - February 2020. An onsite, group health education session was provided about the harms of tobacco use to the migrants. Statistical Analysis Used: Data entered in MS Excel was analysed using SPSS and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: Among 640 migrants included in the study, 411 (64.2%) were less than 30 years of age, 623 (97.4%) were from north-eastern states of India such as West Bengal, Bihar, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand. A considerable size (272, 42.5%) could not read or write and 355 (55.4%) earn a monthly income of less than ten thousand rupees. Current tobacco users were 619 (96.7%), smokeless tobacco users (463, 72.34%), smokers (206, 32.2%) and dual users (52,8.12%). Inflammatory mucosal lesions in the oral cavity were 70.97% and more among smokeless tobacco users comparable to 22.58% among tobacco smokers and was significantly associated with up to 20 years of tobacco consumption. Conclusions: Prevalence of Potentially malignant oral lesions among smokeless tobacco using interstate migrant construction site workers is very high and need urgent interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree S Tirukkovalluri
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C P Luck
- Department of Pathology, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R L S Makesh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tagore Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P T Akhshaya
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Radhakrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R C Karthick
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Arumugam
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Gunasekaran
- Dean, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Buendia AM, Ying Y, Kau CH. Incidental Finding of Oral White Lesions Due to Tobacco Chewing - A Case Report. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2020; 10:488-490. [PMID: 33708602 PMCID: PMC7944015 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_114_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of oral white lesions might be quite challenging. White lesions are only 5% of all oral pathologies. Smokeless tobacco (ST), also known as tobacco chewing, spit tobacco, dip, plug, or chew, is one of the well-documented agents that causes white lesions. The use of ST is associated with a variety of oral cavity lesions, including tooth decay, periodontal disease, tooth loss, leukoplakia, keratosis, oral cancers such as carcinoma-in situ, verrucous carcinoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The prevalence and severity of lesions are dose related. Therefore, it can be best predicted by the amount, frequency, and duration of ST used. This case report highlights an unusual presentation of an adolescent child presenting in the orthodontic retention phase that was originally misdiagnosed as gingival recession due to treatment. A clinical examination of the oral cavity and careful history taken should be routinely performed in every patient presenting at a dental office.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yedeh Ying
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Chung How Kau
- Department of Orthodontics and, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Khan Z, Huque R, Sheikh A, Readshaw A, Eckhardt J, Jackson C, Kanaan M, Iqbal R, Akhter Z, Garg S, Singh MM, Ahmad F, Abdullah SM, Javaid A, A Khan J, Han L, Rahman A, Siddiqi K. Compliance of smokeless tobacco supply chain actors and products with tobacco control laws in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: protocol for a multicentre sequential mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036468. [PMID: 32554728 PMCID: PMC7304837 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION South Asia is home to more than 300 million smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Bangladesh, India and Pakistan as signatories to the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) have developed policies aimed at curbing the use of tobacco. The objective of this study is to assess the compliance of ST point-of-sale (POS) vendors and the supply chain with the articles of the FCTC and specifically with national tobacco control laws. We also aim to assess disparities in compliance with tobacco control laws between ST and smoked tobacco products. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study will be carried out at two sites each in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. We will conduct a sequential mixed-methods study with five components: (1) mapping of ST POS, (2) analyses of ST samples packaging, (3) observation, (4) survey interviews of POS and (5) in-depth interviews with wholesale dealers/suppliers/manufacturers of ST. We aim to conduct at least 300 POS survey interviews and observations, and 6-10 in-depth interviews in each of the three countries. Data collection will be done by trained data collectors. The main statistical analysis will report the frequencies and proportions of shops that comply with the FCTC and local tobacco control policies, and provide a 95% CI of these estimates. The qualitative in-depth interview data will be analysed using the framework approach. The findings will be connected, each component informing the focus and/or design of the next component. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approvals for the study have been received from the Health Sciences Research Governance Committee at the University of York, UK. In-country approvals were taken from the National Bioethics Committee in Pakistan, the Bangladesh Medical Research Council and the Indian Medical Research Council. Our results will be disseminated via scientific conferences, peer-reviewed research publications and press releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khan
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rumana Huque
- Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Research and Development, ARK Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne Readshaw
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Cath Jackson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Vaild Research Ltd, Wetherby, UK
| | - Mona Kanaan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Romaina Iqbal
- Department of Community Health Sciences and Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Akhter
- Department of Community Health Sciences and Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suneela Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Fayaz Ahmad
- Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S M Abdullah
- Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Research and Development, ARK Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arshad Javaid
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Javaid A Khan
- Department of Pulmonary medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Aziz Rahman
- Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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How Each Component of Betel Quid Is Involved in Oral Carcinogenesis: Mutual Interactions and Synergistic Effects with Other Carcinogens—a Review Article. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Warnakulasuriya S, Straif K. Carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco: Evidence from studies in humans & experimental animals. Indian J Med Res 2018; 148:681-686. [PMID: 30778001 PMCID: PMC6396560 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_149_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A Working Group of the Monographs programme of the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified smokeless tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). This review article summarizes the data that support the evaluations of sufficient evidence in humans and in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco whether used alone or with betel quid. It also identifies compounds of smokeless tobacco relevant to carcinogenicity (prominently tobacco-specific nitrosamines) and addiction (nicotine). The epidemiological evidence is summarized for oral cancer, other cancers associated with smokeless tobacco and oral potentially malignant lesions with a focus on analytical studies from the SEARO Region. Studies on cancer in experimental animals are summarized with a focus on studies applying smokeless tobacco products typical for the regions, such as mishri and naswar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt Straif
- Section of Evidence Synthesis and Classification, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Chen XJ, Zhang XQ, Liu Q, Zhang J, Zhou G. Nanotechnology: a promising method for oral cancer detection and diagnosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:52. [PMID: 29890977 PMCID: PMC5994839 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common and aggressive cancer with high morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rate globally. Early detection is of utmost importance for cancer prevention and disease management. Currently, tissue biopsy remains the gold standard for oral cancer diagnosis, but it is invasive, which may cause patient discomfort. The application of traditional noninvasive methods-such as vital staining, exfoliative cytology, and molecular imaging-is limited by insufficient sensitivity and specificity. Thus, there is an urgent need for exploring noninvasive, highly sensitive, and specific diagnostic techniques. Nano detection systems are known as new emerging noninvasive strategies that bring the detection sensitivity of biomarkers to nano-scale. Moreover, compared to current imaging contrast agents, nanoparticles are more biocompatible, easier to synthesize, and able to target specific surface molecules. Nanoparticles generate localized surface plasmon resonances at near-infrared wavelengths, providing higher image contrast and resolution. Therefore, using nano-based techniques can help clinicians to detect and better monitor diseases during different phases of oral malignancy. Here, we review the progress of nanotechnology-based methods in oral cancer detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079 People’s Republic of China
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Oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a review for dental practitioners. Br Dent J 2017; 223:655-661. [PMID: 29097794 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To provide an overview of the current thinking in terms of the diagnosis and management of oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia as relevant to general dental practitioners.Data sources, data selection, data extraction, data synthesis We searched the MEDLINE Ovid, EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Library, (1990 to 16 April 2017), restricting our search to English language with the following key words: leukoplakia, white patch, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, precancerous lesion, premalignant lesions, potentially malignant oral conditions and potentially malignant oral disorders. The two authors selected key papers and engaged in collaborative data extraction and synthesis of the selected reference material.Conclusions General dental practitioners (GDPs) are likely to encounter patients with a known or yet undiagnosed oral leukoplakia in their clinical practice. The diagnosis is clinically based as there are no pathognomonic histopathological features. The definition of leukoplakia has evolved over the years. The importance of recognition and appropriate management relating to this condition is described particularly as it is one of the oral potentially malignant lesions. The inferred increased risk of malignant transformation is well documented however controversy still persists in terms of the appropriate management for these lesions. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a recalcitrant, often widespread and multifocal distinct type of leukoplakia. It is considered to have a high rate of malignant transformation with implications in terms of lifelong monitoring both clinically and histopathologically. A high index of suspicion is important for general dental practitioners in order to identify such lesions that would require onward referral for further investigation and management.
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Rinkoo A, Kaur J, Thamarangsi T. Regulating smokeless tobacco and processed areca nut in South-East Asia region: The journey so far and the road ahead. Indian J Public Health 2017; 61:S3-S6. [DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_242_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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