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Liu M, Guo W, Li M, Yang H, Lai X, Yang L, Zhang X. Physical activity modified association of urinary metals mixture and fasting blood glucose in children: From two panel studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118767. [PMID: 38527725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
There is unclear evidence available on the associations between multiple metals and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in children, and whether they could be beneficial from physical activity. We included 283 children aged 4-12 years from two panel studies with 4-consecutive morning urinary 13 essential metals and 10 non-essential metals repeated across 3 seasons. We employed multiple informant model, linear mixed-effect model, and quantile g-computation to evaluate associations of single metal and their mixture with FBG and interactions with extra-school activity. The results showed that positive relations of multiple essential metals (aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, molybdenum (Mo), nickel, selenium (Se), strontium, zinc) and non-essential metals (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), rubidium, titanium (Ti), thallium) with FBG were the strongest at lag 0 (the health examination day), especially in overweight & obesity children (FDR <0.05). The strongest effect presented 1-fold increment in As was related to FBG increased 1.66% (95%CI: 0.84%, 2.48%) in overweight & obesity children. Notably, modification of extra-school activity showed significant, and the effects of multiple metals on FBG were attenuated in children taking total extra-school activity ≥1 h/day, and only one type of which, low or moderate & high intensity extra-school activity reached 20 min/day (Pint <0.05). For instance, each 1-fold increased As was associated with 1.41% increased FBG in overall children taking total extra-school activity <1 h/day, while that of 0.13% in those ≥1 h/day. Meanwhile, mixture of all, essential and non-essential metals were associated with increased FBG, a trend that decreased and became nonsignificant in children having certain extra-school activity, which were dominated by Mo, Se, Ti, Cd. And such relations were substantially beneficial from extra-school activity in overweight & obesity children. Accordingly, multiple essential and non-essential metals, both individual and in mixture, were positively related to FBG in children, which might be attenuated by regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huihua Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefeng Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liangle Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Naraki K, Keshavarzi M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The Protective Effects of Taurine, a Non-essential Amino Acid, Against Metals Toxicities: A Review Article. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04191-8. [PMID: 38735894 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid derived from cysteine. It is involved in several phenomena such as the regulation of growth and differentiation, osmoregulation, neurohormonal modulation, and lipid metabolism. Taurine is important because of its high levels in several tissues such as the central nervous system (CNS), heart, skeletal muscles, retinal membranes, and platelets. In this report, we present the functional properties of taurine indicating that it has potential effects on various metal toxicities. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review was performed using the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. According to the search keywords, 61 articles were included in the study. The results indicate that taurine protects tissues against metal toxicity through enhancement of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, modulation of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, involvement in different molecular pathways, and interference with the activity of various enzymes. Taken together, taurine is a natural supplement that presents antitoxic effects against many types of compounds, especially metals, suggesting public consumption of this amino acid as a prophylactic agent against the incidence of metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Gencoglu H, Orhan C, Sahin K. Understanding Cr(III) Action on Mitochondrial ATP Synthase and AMPK Efficacy: Insights from Previous Studies-a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1325-1334. [PMID: 38105318 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromium supplementation has been notably recognized for its potential health benefits, especially in enhancing insulin sensitivity and managing glucose metabolism. However, recent studies have begun to shed light on additional mechanisms of action for chromium, expanding our understanding beyond its classical effects on the insulin-signaling pathway. The beta subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase is considered a novel site for Cr(III) action, influencing physiological effects apart from insulin signaling. The physiological effects of chromium supplementation have been extensively studied, particularly in its role in anti-oxidative efficacy and glucose metabolism. However, recent advancements have prompted a re-evaluation of chromium's mechanisms of action beyond the insulin signaling pathway. The discovery of the beta subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase as a potential target for chromium action is discussed, emphasizing its crucial role in cellular energy production and metabolic regulation. A meticulous analysis of relevant studies that were earlier carried out could shed light on the relationship between chromium supplementation and mitochondrial ATP synthase. This review categorizes studies based on their primary investigations, encompassing areas such as muscle protein synthesis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and antioxidant properties. Findings from these studies are scrutinized to distinguish patterns aligning with the new hypothesis. Central to this exploration is the presentation of studies highlighting the physiological effects of chromium that extend beyond the insulin signaling pathway. Evaluating the various independent mechanisms of action that chromium impacts cellular energy metabolism and overall metabolic balance has become more important. In conclusion, this review is a paradigm shift in understanding chromium supplementation, paving the way for future investigations that leverage the intricate interplay between chromium and mitochondrial ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Gencoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey.
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Dehzad MJ, Ghalandari H, Nouri M, Askarpour M. Effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on glycemic indices in adults: A grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102855. [PMID: 37748368 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycemic control is of utmost importance both as a preventive measure in individuals at risk of diabetes and in the management of patients with disturbed glycemia. Turmeric/curcumin has been extensively studied in this field. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed at investigating the impact of turmeric/curcumin supplementation on glycemic control. METHODS Major online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar) were systematically searched from inception up to October 2022. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting our eligible criteria were included. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with confidence intervals (CIs) were expressed using a random-effect model. Subgroup analyses were conducted to find the sources of heterogeneities. To detect risk of bias in the included studies, we used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The registration number was CRD42022374874. RESULTS Out of 4182 articles retrieved from the initial search, 59 RCTs were included. Our findings suggested that turmeric/curcumin supplementation was significantly effective in improving fasting blood sugar (WMD: 4.60 mg/dl; 95% CI: 5.55, -3.66), fasting insulin levels (WMD: 0.87 μIU/ml; 95% CI: 1.46, -0.27), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD: 0.32%; 95% CI: 0.45, -0.19), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.43, -0.22). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that turmeric/curcumin supplementation can be considered as a complementary method in the management of disturbed glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Dehzad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Alkhalidi F. A comparative study to assess the use of chromium in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Life 2023; 16:1178-1182. [PMID: 38024820 PMCID: PMC10652672 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, often resulting in complications affecting multiple organs, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Among potential interventions, certain micronutrients, like chromium, have the potential to improve glycemic management. The potential of chromium to mitigate insulin resistance and enhance insulin sensitivity through cellular receptors underscores its significance. Conversely, insufficient dietary chromium intake could contribute to diabetes development. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of chromium supplementation among individuals with diabetes. In a single-blind randomized clinical trial, participants aged 40 to 60 years with uncontrolled diabetes were divided into two groups. The intervention group received a daily chromium supplement of 200 mcg and their regular diabetes medication regimen, while the control group received only medication. The follow-up period spanned four months, during which fasting blood sugar, HbA1c levels, and lipid profiles were assessed for both groups, followed by a comparative analysis. Patients had a mean age of 52.3±6.3 years. Males constituted only 47.5% of participants, and women were 52.5%. The initial HbA1c level at the start of the study for individuals receiving chromium was 10.4±2.4. Following the follow-up period, the average HbA1c level decreased significantly to 7.2±1.7, showing a statistically significant difference. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the mean fasting blood sugar levels, approaching normal levels. These results suggest a beneficial role of chromium supplementation in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, contributing to improved glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Alkhalidi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, AL-Qadisiyah, Iraq
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Lu LH, Tsai CC, Lin CY, Wang CW, Wu PY, Huang JC, Chen SC, Chang JM. Association and Interaction between Heavy Metals and Hyperuricemia in a Taiwanese Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101741. [PMID: 37238228 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hyperuricemia in Taiwan is high, and hyperuricemia has been associated with a risk of developing several diseases. Although the traditional risk factors for hyperuricemia are well known, the relationship between heavy metals and hyperuricemia is still undefined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hyperuricemia and heavy metals. A total of 2447 participants (977 males and 1470 females) residing in southern Taiwan were enrolled, and levels of the following heavy metals were measured: lead in blood, and nickel, chromium, manganese, arsenic (As), copper, and cadmium in urine. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level greater than 7.0 mg/dL (416.5 μmol/L) in men and 6.0 mg/dL (357 μmol/L) in women. The participants were divided into two groups: those without hyperuricemia (n = 1821; 74.4%) and those with hyperuricemia (n = 626; 25.6%). Multivariate analysis showed that only high urine As (log per 1 μg/g creatinine; odds ratio, 1.965; 95% confidence interval, 1.449 to 2.664; p < 0.001), young age, male sex, high body mass index, high hemoglobin, high triglycerides, and low estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly associated with hyperuricemia. In addition, the interactions between Pb × Cd (p = 0.010), Ni × Cu (p = 0.002), and Cr × Cd (p = 0.001) on hyperuricemia were statistically significant. Increasing levels of Pb and Cr yielded an increased prevalence of hyperuricemia, and the effect was progressively greater for increasing Cd. Moreover, increasing levels of Ni yielded an increased prevalence of hyperuricemia, and the effect was progressively greater for increasing Cu. In conclusion, our results show that high urine As is associated with hyperuricemia, and some interactions of heavy metals on hyperuricemia are noted. We also found that young age, male sex, high BMI, high hemoglobin, high triglycerides, and low eGFR were significantly associated with hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Heng Lu
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Tsai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medical Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medical Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Chi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Chang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Ray A, Jankar JS. A Comparative Study of Chromium: Therapeutic Uses and Toxicological Effects on Human Health. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221128646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium is an essential trace element whose deficiency can cause impairment of glucose tolerance, growth and various biological functions. There are two isotopes of chromium-trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium. Both the isotopes of chromium have quite different effects on the human body. The objective of this narrative review is to compile the different effects of the two isotopes of chromium and give a comprehensive analysis of the effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium. Data from various studies across different forums were compared to provide a concrete analysis of the therapeutic and harmful effects of two isotopes of chromium on human health. Chromium plays a vital role in the biological functions of the body. It might be helpful in balancing the glycaemic levels, triglyceride levels and cholesterol levels in the body. Excessive intake of chromium is harmful for health. Overexposure to chromium can lead to carcinogenic effects. Consumption of an insufficient amount of chromium might not be adequate as well. Trivalent chromium can be quite beneficial if taken in proper quantities. Hexavalent chromium can cause cancer. Trivalent chromium is beneficial, while hexavalent chromium is harmful to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaiska Ray
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayshri Sadashiv Jankar
- Department of Biochemistry, BKL Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
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Firth G, Blower JE, Bartnicka JJ, Mishra A, Michaels AM, Rigby A, Darwesh A, Al-Salemee F, Blower PJ. Non-invasive radionuclide imaging of trace metal trafficking in health and disease: "PET metallomics". RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:495-518. [PMID: 35656481 PMCID: PMC9092424 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several specific metallic elements must be present in the human body to maintain health and function. Maintaining the correct quantity (from trace to bulk) and location at the cell and tissue level is essential. The study of the biological role of metals has become known as metallomics. While quantities of metals in cells and tissues can be readily measured in biopsy and autopsy samples by destructive analytical techniques, their trafficking and its role in health and disease are poorly understood. Molecular imaging with radionuclides - positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) - is emerging as a means to non-invasively study the acute trafficking of essential metals between organs, non-invasively and in real time, in health and disease. PET scanners are increasingly widely available in hospitals, and methods for producing radionuclides of some of the key essential metals are developing fast. This review summarises recent developments in radionuclide imaging technology that permit such investigations, describes the radiological and physicochemical properties of key radioisotopes of essential trace metals and useful analogues, and introduces current and potential future applications in preclinical and clinical investigations to study the biology of essential trace metals in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Julia E Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aishwarya Mishra
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aidan M Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Alex Rigby
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Afnan Darwesh
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
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Prasathkumar M, Becky R, Anisha S, Dhrisya C, Sadhasivam S. Evaluation of hypoglycemic therapeutics and nutritional supplementation for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: An insight on molecular approaches. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:203-238. [PMID: 35119572 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the current management of type 2 diabetes principles, including oral hypoglycemic agents, types of insulin administration, diet maintenance, and various molecular approaches. METHODS A literature search was conducted in different databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science by using the following keywords: type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), first-line and second-line treatment, oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin administration, diet/nutritional therapy, gene and stem cell therapy, and diabetic complications. RESULTS The first-line treatment of T2DM includes administering oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and second-line treatment by insulin therapy and some OHAs like Sulfonylurea's (SU). The oral hypoglycemic or oral antidiabetic drugs have the function of lowering glucose in the blood. Insulin therapy is recommended for people with A1C levels > 7.0, and insulin administration is evolved drastically from the syringe, pump, pen, inhalation, insulin jet, and patch. The use of OHAs and insulin therapy during glycemic control has a severe effect on weight gain and other side effects. Hence, diet maintenance (macro and micronutrients) and nutritional therapy guidelines were also reviewed/recommended for safe T2DM management. Besides, the recent progress in molecular approaches that focuses on identifying new targets for T2DM (i.e.) consisting of gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and the modulation of insulin signaling pathways for the regulation of glucose storage and uptake also discussed. CONCLUSION The analysis of all these key factors is necessary to develop a potential agent to cure T2DM and suggest that a combination of therapies will pave the way for advanced management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Prasathkumar
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Robert Becky
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Salim Anisha
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Chenthamara Dhrisya
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Subramaniam Sadhasivam
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India.
- Department of Extension and Career Guidance, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India.
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10
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Zhao F, Pan D, Wang N, Xia H, Zhang H, Wang S, Sun G. Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:516-525. [PMID: 33783683 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) have increased sharply worldwide. In order to evaluate the effect of chromium supplementation on patients with type 2 diabetes, a meta-analysis was conducted by searching the relevant literature. Randomized controlled trials on the effects of chromium supplements on glucose metabolism or lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes were retrieved from multiple databases. Literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction were conducted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and Review Manager 5.4.0 was used for data analysis. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials involving 509 patients were included, including 269 cases in the experimental group and 240 cases in the placebo control group. Statistical analysis was conducted on the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to evaluate the blood glucose and lipid levels. Meta-analysis results showed that the differences between the experimental group and the control group in only one indicator of HbA1c were statistically significant, while there were no statistically significant differences in other indicators. The use of chromium supplements can reduce the glycosylated hemoglobin of type 2 diabetic patients to a certain extent, but it cannot effectively improve the fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels of type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Niannian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Petroni ML, Brodosi L, Marchignoli F, Sasdelli AS, Caraceni P, Marchesini G, Ravaioli F. Nutrition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Present Knowledge and Remaining Challenges. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082748. [PMID: 34444908 PMCID: PMC8401663 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy behaviours, including diet and physical activity, coupled with genetic predisposition, drive type 2 diabetes (T2D) occurrence and severity; the present review aims to summarise the most recent nutritional approaches in T2D, outlining unmet needs. Guidelines consistently suggest reducing energy intake to counteract the obesity epidemic, frequently resulting in sarcopenic obesity, a condition associated with poorer metabolic control and cardiovascular disease. Various dietary approaches have been proposed with largely similar results, with a preference for the Mediterranean diet and the best practice being the diet that patients feel confident of maintaining in the long term based on individual preferences. Patient adherence is indeed the pivotal factor for weight loss and long-term maintenance, requiring intensive lifestyle intervention. The consumption of nutritional supplements continues to increase even if international societies do not support their systematic use. Inositols and vitamin D supplementation, as well as micronutrients (zinc, chromium, magnesium) and pre/probiotics, result in modest improvement in insulin sensitivity, but their use is not systematically suggested. To reach the desired goals, patients should be actively involved in the collaborative development of a personalised meal plan associated with habitual physical activity, aiming at normal body weight and metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Petroni
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Brodosi
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Marchignoli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Anna Simona Sasdelli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Paolo Caraceni
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2144889
| | - Federico Ravaioli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Molz P, Molz WA, Dallemole DR, Weber AF, Salvador M, Prá D, Franke SIR. Potential Ameliorative Effects of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism, Obesity, and Genomic Stability in Prediabetic Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1893-1899. [PMID: 32710349 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (III) (Cr(III)) effect on improving glucose, body mass loss, and genomic stability has been extensively studied in models of type 2 diabetes. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating its effect on prediabetes. Thus, this study evaluates the effects of Cr(III) as dietetic supplementation on glucose metabolism, obesity, and genomic stability on prediabetic rat model using high-invert sugar. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four treatment groups: (1) control, receiving standard diet (control); (2) prediabetic (PD), receiving a 32% of invert sugar; (3) Cr(III), receiving chromium (III) chloride (CrCl3•6H2O) (58.4 mg/L); and (4) Cr(III) + PD, receiving CrCl3•6H2O in combination with high-invert sugar. Cr(III) supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose (123.00 ± 8.29 mg/dL vs. 115.30 ± 9.31 mg/dL, p = 0.015) and partially reduced area under the 120-min blood glucose response curve (AUC) in PD rats (p = 0.227). Moreover, Cr(III) attenuated weight gain (187.29 ± 38.56 g vs. 167.22 ± 29.30 g, p = 0.004), significantly reducing body mass index (0.68 ± 0.04 g/cm2 vs. 0.63 ± 0.04 g/cm2, p < 0.001), Lee index (0.30 ± 0.01 vs. 0.28 ± 0.01, p < 0.001), and peritoneal fat (p < 0.001). Regarding genomic stability, high-invert sugar, Cr(III), or the combination of both did not produce changes in oxidative stress, DNA damage in pancreas, or cytotoxicity markers. These data suggest that Cr(III) supplementation improved partially glucose metabolism and reduced obesity in rat model PD due to high-invert sugar without influence in genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Molz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, 96815-900, Brazil.
| | - Walter A Molz
- Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Danieli R Dallemole
- Laboratory of Histology and Pathology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Augusto F Weber
- Laboratory of Histology and Pathology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Prá
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia I R Franke
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
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13
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Suljević D, Sulejmanović J, Fočak M, Halilović E, Pupalović D, Hasić A, Alijagic A. Assessing hexavalent chromium tissue-specific accumulation patterns and induced physiological responses to probe chromium toxicity in Coturnix japonica quail. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129005. [PMID: 33279236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is an environmental pollutant with vast mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Various past and recent studies confirm the deleterious effects of Cr(VI) in different models, from invertebrates to mammalians. However, there is a lack of studies that comprehensively assess and correlate Cr(VI) accumulation patterns and the resulting physiological responses. Here we used an attractive toxicological model, male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), as an alternative probing system to evaluate Cr(VI) accumulation in the vital organs, including the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, and testes after 20 days of exposure to 1.2 μg/mL and 2.4 μg/mL potassium dichromate-K2Cr2O7 ingested in the form of drinking water. The observed effects were correlated with the shift in immune system readiness, hematological indices, serum biochemistry and enzyme activity. Regardless of the exposure dose, the Cr(VI) distribution and accumulation pattern in terms of relative Cr(VI) concentration in tissues was: testes > kidneys > liver > heart > brain. Moreover, Cr(VI) triggered the development of microcytic and hypochromic anemia and reduced the immune system's readiness to cope with challenges. Besides, serum biochemistry presented significant shifts, including reduction of serum electrolytes and proteins and an increase in creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Our study provides novel toxicological data that can be translated to higher animal models to help in the extrapolation of Cr(VI) toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Suljević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmina Sulejmanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Fočak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Erna Halilović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Džemila Pupalović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Azra Hasić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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14
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Yang D, Yang Q, Fu N, Li S, Han B, Liu Y, Tang Y, Guo X, Lv Z, Zhang Z. Hexavalent chromium induced heart dysfunction via Sesn2-mediated impairment of mitochondrial function and energy supply. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128547. [PMID: 33049514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), the most toxic valence state of chromium, is widely present in industrial effluents and wastes. Although previous study has reported that Cr(VI) can cause cytomembrane structure impairment by aggravating lipid peroxidation in the heart, the detailed mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced heart dysfunction is still unclear. Sesn2, a novel antioxidant and stress-inducible molecule, is evidenced to protect against various cardiometabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy. To define the potential mechanism of heart dysfunction induced by chronic Cr(VI) exposure, Wistar rats were intraperitoneal injected with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) for 35 d in the present study. The data showed that chronic K2Cr2O7 exposure caused dose-dependently hematological variations, oxidative stress, dysfunction, and disorganized structure of heart, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ATP depletion, and mitochondria impairment in rats. In addition, the expressions of Drp1 and Bax were increased by K2Cr2O7. However, the suppression of Mfn2, PGC-1α, Sesn2, nuclear Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 protein levels was observed in K2Cr2O7-treated rat hearts. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that chronic K2Cr2O7 exposure dose-dependently causes heart dysfunction, and the molecular mechanism of this event is associated with the loss of Sesn2 mediated mitochondrial function and energy supply impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ning Fu
- Chifeng Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China; Chifeng Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhanjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China; Chifeng Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
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15
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Fakharzadeh S, Kalanaky S, Argani H, Dadashzadeh S, Torbati PM, Nazaran MH, Basiri A. Ameliorative effect of a nano chromium metal-organic framework on experimental diabetic chronic kidney disease. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:393-403. [PMID: 33230842 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of crystalline porous structures which can be used as a novel structure in diverse fields of medical science. Several studies have shown that chromium supplementation can be effective in amelioration of biochemical parameters of diabetes and its renal complications. Therefore, a chromium-containing MOF (DIFc) was synthetized by nanochelating technology in the present study and then its effect on biochemical indices in diabetic rats was evaluated. Diabetes was induced by high-fat diet consumption and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) injection and then the treatment started 8 weeks after disease induction and continued for 8 weeks. The results showed that DIFc treatment decreased HOMA-IR index, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and malondialdehyde in plasma samples. This nano MOF also reduced albumin, malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane in urine specimen, while it increased creatinine clearance. In conclusion, DIFc MOF demonstrated promising results in the present study, indicating that it can be developed and evaluated in future investigations with the aim of designing a novel agent for management of diabetes and its renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Argani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Mohammadi Torbati
- Department of Pathology, Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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The effect of chromium supplementation on apolipoproteins: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:34-41. [PMID: 33183560 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apos play a role in lipoprotein metabolism. Several studies have been carried out on the effect of chromium supplement in improving CVD risk factors. OBJECTIVE This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to investigate the effect of chromium supplementation on Apos levels of human studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus up to May 2020 up to September 2019. We retrieved studies from identified articles. The studies' quality was evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. We estimated the effect of chromium supplementation on Apo A, Apo A1, and Apo B by pooling mean and standard deviation (SD) values. RESULTS We obtained six trials involving 231 participants. Chromium consumption resulted significantly decreased Apo B while the subjects were ingesting chromium picolinate. Chromium supplementation did not significantly decrease Apo A (WMD: -3.89 mg/dl; 95% CI, -11.96 to 4.18) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.37). The serum level of Apo A1 did not statistically change following chromium intervention (WMD: 6.11 mg/dl; 95% CI, -7.01 to 19.23) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.68). Chromium supplementation did not significantly decrease Apo B (WMD: 3.81 mg/dl; 95% CI, -5.32 to 12.94). With no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 42.3%, p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The chromium supplement did not have a significant effect on the Apolipoproteins (Apo A, ApoA1 and Apo B).
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17
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Johanson K, Stirnaman S, Rose TM. Top consumer uses of bestselling, single-ingredient vitamin and mineral supplements. Complement Ther Med 2020; 53:102540. [PMID: 33066866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin and mineral supplements are widely used for self-care of a variety of medical conditions, but little is known about the specific conditions for which they are used. This study mined consumer product reviews to determine specific ways vitamin and mineral supplements are being used therapeutically. DESIGN/SETTING A cross-sectional analysis of user reviews for top-selling, single-ingredient vitamin and mineral products from a popular online retailer was performed to identify the most frequently appearing words associated with medical conditions. Results of individual analyses were compared to achieve consensus on the top, relevant keywords for each supplement. The full text of the reviews was searched for these keywords to distinguish whether they referred to therapeutic uses or adverse effects. RESULTS A total of 14 vitamin and 11 mineral supplements were analyzed. The number of user reviews for the analyzed products varied from 41 for manganese to over 5000 for biotin and vitamin D (median = 547 reviews per product). Cohen's kappa test for investigator-selected keywords related to medical conditions was generally greater than 0.6, indicating good interrater reliability. From these lists, the top consumer self-care uses were identified for 24 supplements. Commonly reported adverse effects were also noted for several products. CONCLUSION This study used data mining to identify the top ways consumers use an array of bestselling, single-ingredient vitamin and mineral supplements. These results can provide healthcare and nutrition professionals with information to anticipate the supplement-related education needs of patients and provide researchers with priority areas for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Johanson
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Pharmacy, 10920 S River Front Pkwy, South Jordan, UT 84095, United States
| | - Sara Stirnaman
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Pharmacy, 10920 S River Front Pkwy, South Jordan, UT 84095, United States
| | - Tyler M Rose
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Pharmacy, 10920 S River Front Pkwy, South Jordan, UT 84095, United States.
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18
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Rendell M. Pharmacotherapeutic options for prediabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:45-54. [PMID: 32892663 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1817381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 'Prediabetes' is a condition of elevated glucose not attaining the established criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes. The United States Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) began in 1996 and was the iconic study of prediabetes. In that study, after 3 years, the risk of reaching the numerical criteria of diabetes was reduced by 58% by intensive emphasis on diet and exercise whereas treatment with metformin achieved a lesser reduction of 31%. The DPP was widely heralded as suggesting that lifestyle change was superior to pharmacologic therapy in the prediabetes population. This conclusion may be overreaching in terms of the long-term results of that study. AREAS COVERED The author reviews the subsequent pharmacologic efforts to prevent diabetes in this population. He reviews the existing literature for pharmacologic treatment of prediabetes using Pubmed.gov using the keywords of prediabetes, impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. EXPERT OPINION Prediabetes is primarily related to being overweight. Obesity has health consequences going beyond glucose elevation. The approach to prediabetes should be primarily by pursuing weight loss with therapeutic agents such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rendell
- The Rose Salter Medical Research Foundation , Newport Coast, CA, USA.,The Association of Diabetes Investigators , Newport Coast, CA, USA
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19
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Domingo-Relloso A, Grau-Perez M, Briongos-Figuero L, Gomez-Ariza JL, Garcia-Barrera T, Dueñas-Laita A, Bobb JF, Chaves FJ, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Navas-Acien A, Redon-Mas J, Martin-Escudero JC, Tellez-Plaza M. The association of urine metals and metal mixtures with cardiovascular incidence in an adult population from Spain: the Hortega Follow-Up Study. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1839-1849. [PMID: 31329884 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of low-level exposure to metals and metal mixtures with cardiovascular incidence in the general population has rarely been studied. We flexibly evaluated the association of urinary metals and metal mixtures concentrations with cardiovascular diseases in a representative sample of a general population from Spain. METHODS Urine antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) were measured in 1171 adults without clinical cardiovascular diseases, who participated in the Hortega Study. Cox proportional hazard models were used for evaluating the association between single metals and cardiovascular incidence. We used a Probit extension of Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR-P) to handle metal mixtures in a survival setting. RESULTS In single-metal models, the hazard ratios [confidence intervals (CIs)] of cardiovascular incidence, comparing the 80th to the 20th percentiles of metal distributions, were 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) for Cu, 1.43 (1.07, 1.90) for Zn, 1.51 (1.13, 2.03) for Sb, 1.46 (1.13, 1.88) for Cd, 1.64 (1.05, 2.58) for Cr and 1.31 (1.01, 1.71) for V. BKMR-P analysis was confirmatory of these findings, supporting that Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd, Cr and V are related to cardiovascular incidence in the presence of the other metals. Cd and Sb showed the highest posterior inclusion probabilities. CONCLUSIONS Urine Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd, Cr and V were independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk at levels relevant for the general population of Spain. Urine metals in the mixture were also jointly associated with cardiovascular incidence, with Cd and Sb being the most important components of the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer F Bobb
- Biostatistics Unit, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F Javier Chaves
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josep Redon-Mas
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health CarlosIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Behrouz V, Dastkhosh A, Sohrab G. Overview of dietary supplements on patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:325-334. [PMID: 32298985 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The primary approach for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves lifestyle modification and diet therapy along with pharmacologic interventions. Many patients are interested to identify nutritional supplements that may provide benefit in prevention and management of diabetes. However, the efficacy and safety of nutritional supplements such as chromium, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D, zinc and magnesium in disease treatment is a worrying and controversial matter. In this narrative review, patients and health care providers are introduced to the effects of mentioned dietary supplements that may help in choosing or not choosing these supplements in treatment of diabetes. METHODS This review was carried out using comprehensive and systematic literature reports on the dietary supplements in the management of diabetes. Empirical searches were conducted using Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed databases. Searches were also undertaken using keywords, in English, such as "chromium" OR "vitamin D" OR "omega-3 fatty acids" OR "zinc" OR "magnesium" in combination with "type 2 diabetes". RESULTS The available evidence is insufficient to create a definite conclusion that nutritional supplements including chromium, n-3 PUFAs, vitamin D, zinc and magnesium might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and therefore, the general recommendation to use these supplements in the management of diabetes cannot be justified. The results of most studies lack uniformity across multiple aspects, including different dose and formation of supplements, duration, and subjects under intervention. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for well-designed, high quality, large and long-term studies to strengthen the available evidence and ensure the safety and efficacy of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Behrouz
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Dastkhosh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Phosphorus, Selenium, Zinc, and Chromium Levels in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061901. [PMID: 32570709 PMCID: PMC7357092 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macronutrients and trace elements are important components of living tissues that have different metabolic properties and functions. Trace elements participate in the regulation of immunity through humoral and cellular mechanisms, nerve conduction, muscle spasms, membrane potential regulation as well as mitochondrial activity and enzymatic reactions. Excessive alcohol consumption disrupts the concentrations of crucial trace elements, also increasing the risk of enhanced oxidative stress and alcohol-related liver diseases. In this review, we present the status of selected macroelements and trace elements in the serum and plasma of people chronically consuming alcohol. Such knowledge helps to understand the mechanisms of chronic alcohol-use disorder and to progress and prevent withdrawal effects, also improving treatment strategies.
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La Torre GL, Cicero N, Bartolomeo G, Rando R, Vadalà R, Santini A, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Dugo G, Salvo A. Assessment and Monitoring of Fish Quality from a Coastal Ecosystem under High Anthropic Pressure: A Case Study in Southern Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093285. [PMID: 32397269 PMCID: PMC7246799 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fish is a nutrient-rich food but, at the same time, consumption of fish is a possible source of exposure to heavy metals. Since many coastal Mediterranean areas suffer from great anthropomorphic pressure, the aim of this study was to assess the level of potentially toxic inorganic elements in different fish samples from the coastal zone of Southern Italy (Gela) where there is a high mortality rate linked to cancer disease and congenital malformations. The presence of mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, arsenic, vanadium, and chromium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The risk assessment was evaluated in terms of estimated daily intake by calculating the amount of potentially toxic elements that an average individual adult weighing 60 kg would ingest. Moreover the non-carcinogenic risk was estimated by target hazard quotient (THQ). The study evidenced significant contamination by inorganic elements, especially cadmium, which can be linked to industrial pollution. The THQ indexes, as indicators of human health, suggest that the consumption of fish from the study area is not free of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Loredana La Torre
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (G.B.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (G.B.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (G.D.)
- Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, V.le Leonardo Sciascia Coop Fede Pal. B, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6766285
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (G.B.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Rossana Rando
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (G.B.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Rossella Vadalà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (G.B.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Roma, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Roma, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (G.B.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (G.D.)
- Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, V.le Leonardo Sciascia Coop Fede Pal. B, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
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Hannon BA, Fairfield WD, Adams B, Kyle T, Crow M, Thomas DM. Use and abuse of dietary supplements in persons with diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:14. [PMID: 32341338 PMCID: PMC7186221 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary supplement industry has estimated sales of over $30 billion in the US and over $100 billion globally. Many consumers believe that dietary supplements are safer and possibly more effective than drugs to treat diabetes. The sheer volume of the literature in this space makes compiling them into one review challenging, so much so that primarily narrative reviews currently exist. By applying the interactive database supplied by the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, we identified the top 100 ingredients that appeared most often in dietary supplement products. One-hundred different keyword searches using the ingredient name and the word diabetes were performed using a program developed to automatically scrape PubMed. Each search was retained in a separate Excel spreadsheet, which was then reviewed for inclusion or exclusion. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for effect of reducing and controlling diabetes. The PubMed scrape resulted in 6217 studies. For each keyword search only the most recent 100 were retained, which refined the total to 1823 studies. Of these 425 met the screening criteria. The ingredients, fiber, selenium and zinc had the most studies associated with improvement in diabetes. Several popular supplement ingredients (phosphorus, pantothenic acid, calcium, magnesium, glutamine, isoleucine, tyrosine, choline, and creatine monohydrate) did not result in any studies meeting our screening criteria. Our study demonstrates how to automate reviews to filter and collapse literature in content areas that have an enormous volume of studies. The aggregated set of studies suggest there is little clinical evidence for the use of dietary supplements to reduce or control diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Hannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - William D Fairfield
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bryan Adams
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - Theodore Kyle
- ConscienHealth, Country Club Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mason Crow
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - Diana M Thomas
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA.
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Król E, Krejpcio Z, Okulicz M, Śmigielska H. Chromium(III) Glycinate Complex Supplementation Improves the Blood Glucose Level and Attenuates the Tissular Copper to Zinc Ratio in Rats with Mild Hyperglycaemia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:185-194. [PMID: 30826908 PMCID: PMC6914712 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the hypoglycaemic potential of supplementary Cr in the form of chromium(III) glycinate (CrGly) in the diabetic model of rats. The experiment was conducted on 40 male Wistar rats, of which 30 were made diabetic by injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg b.m.), while the remaining 10 rats served as the healthy control. After inducing hyperglycaemia, 2 groups of diabetic rats (10 rats each) were supplemented with Cr either as CrGly or chromium(III) picolinate (CrPic) given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg diet (about 0.75 mg Cr/kg b.m.) with adequate AIN-93M diet for 7 weeks. At the termination of experiment, all animals were sacrificed to collect blood and internal organs for biochemical assays. Blood biochemical indices and tissular trace element contents (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr) were measured and compared with the values of the untreated groups. It was found that CrGly significantly decreased blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels more efficiently than CrPic. Furthermore, both Cr compounds normalized disturbed the serum, renal and cardiac molar Cu/Zn ratio, as well as restored the kidney Zn and Cu levels in rats with hyperglycaemia. Supplementary Cr did not increase the tissular Cr levels in diabetic rats. The study confirmed the hypoglycaemic potential of CrGly in the diabetic model of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Król
- Insitute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Krejpcio
- Insitute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Okulicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Śmigielska
- Department of Natural Science and Quality Assurance, Poznań University of Economics and Business, al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875, Poznan, Poland
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LISBOA TP, FLORES LDS, CORREA CC, SOUSA RAD. Evaluation of Chromium and Manganese levels in sports supplements using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. REV NUTR 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202033e190141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective In this paper, we studied three different types of ordinary sports supplements containing whey protein: whey protein-based ones, hypercaloric ones, and protein bars. Methods A sample preparation procedure was studied employing microwave-assisted wet digestion in order to determine the Chromium and Manganese levels by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The developed methods have presented good accuracy (recoveries in the range of 90% to 109%) and precision (Relative standard deviation <8%). Although an adequate detectability was obtained (50ng g-1 for Manganese and 65ng g-1 for Chromium), the sample preparation method was also adequate to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. The method was applied to 26 commercial samples, in which the Chromium concentrations were in the range between 0.22 and 1.0μg g-1 and the Manganese concentrations varied from 2.0 to 37μg g-1. Conclusion The results obtained by atomic absorption for both analytes were in agreement with those obtained by mass spectrometry. In addition, some samples presented concentrations of Chromium above the recommended daily intake and, as a result, we used the X-ray powder diffraction technique as an analytical tool to evaluate the oxidation state of Chromium in such samples.
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An Overview of Disease Burden, Mechanism, Traditional and Non-traditional Management of Type 2 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetes is a major global health problem leading to high morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Diabetes is connected to complex social, environmental, and behavioral factors and requires multisectoral evidence-based strategies to reduce its incidence and prevalence. Here we attempt to connect existing diabetes data with the underlying mechanism of the disease, while touching disease processes and traditional management approaches for diabetes and its complications. The major objective of this manuscript is to examine the effect of nontraditional treatment modalities, e.g. non-pharmaceutical interventions, supplements, alternative and integrative therapies etc., on diabetes. We performed an extensive literature search and review using electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) to examine recent and historical diabetes statistics, the underlying mechanism of the disease, traditional treatments, remission possibility, and finally, the role of alternative therapies and supplements in its management. We found that there is no sufficient evidence to make most of the alternative therapies the first line of management and prevention approach for diabetes. Long-term and large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of alternative medicine. We feel that this review could urge other health researchers to plan comprehensive studies to examine the role of alternative or newly-identified therapies in diabetes. Also, this information can be useful for diverse health professionals and policymakers in developing and implementing evidence-based strategies.
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Vincent JB. Effects of chromium supplementation on body composition, human and animal health, and insulin and glucose metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:483-489. [PMID: 31577642 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chromium(III) has been proposed to have a nutritional or pharmacological role in changing body composition and improving symptoms of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and related conditions although the mode of action of Cr(III) at a molecular level has failed to be elucidated. This review details the current status of studies into Cr(III) supplementation. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews have failed to demonstrate clinically significant effects from Cr(III) supplementation on body composition or symptoms of insulin resistance and related conditions in humans and farm animals. Although new Cr(III) supplements continue to appear in the scientific literature, studies have failed to elucidate the mechanism of chromium action at a molecular level. Conflicting results on a role of transferrin in Cr(III) transport and detoxification have appeared. SUMMARY Cr(III) supplementation cannot currently be recommended in humans or farm animals. Further studies are required to probe the mechanism of Cr(III) action in increasing insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in rodent models of insulin resistance and diabetes, with particular attention being turned to a potential role of transferrin in Cr(III) transport and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Vincent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
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Imanparast F, Javaheri J, Kamankesh F, Rafiei F, Salehi A, Mollaaliakbari Z, Rezaei F, Rahimi A, Abbasi E. The effects of chromium and vitamin D 3 co-supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:471-477. [PMID: 31593637 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the effects of simultaneous usage with vitamin D3 and chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementations on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ninety-two patients with T2DM were randomly allocated to the following 4 groups for 4 months: (I) placebo of vitamin D3 (n = 23); (II) vitamin D3 supplement at a dose of 50 000 IU/week (n = 23); (III) CrPic supplement at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23); and (IV) both vitamin D3 at a dose of 50 000 IU/week and CrPic at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23). HOMA-IR levels increased significantly in groups I and II after the intervention. However, this increase in group I was significantly higher than that in group II after the treatment. HOMA-IR levels were controlled in groups III and IV during the intervention. TNF-α decreased significantly in groups II, III, and IV after the intervention. FBS, HbA1c, and lipid profile did not change significantly in total groups after the intervention. It seems that chromium and vitamin D3 co-supplementation are probably effective in controlling HOMA-IR by decreasing TNF-α in T2DM. Novelty Chromium alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment with vitamin D3 is more effective than vitamin D3 in controlling HOMA-IR in T2DM. Chromium and vitamin D3 alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment decrease TNF-α in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Imanparast
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.,Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Javad Javaheri
- Arak Community and Preventive Medicine Specialist, Community Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kamankesh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafiei
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Salehi
- Department of Nursing Education, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mollaaliakbari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
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Banihani SA, Jaradat SA, Khader YS. Serum Chromium Level is Increased in Jordanian Smokers, Decreased in Jordanians with Prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes, But not Altered in Jordanians with Hypertension, With Obesity, or With Family History of Diabetes. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:145. [PMID: 31579129 PMCID: PMC6767804 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_137_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromium was found to be crucial for several biochemical processes in the human body, including, in particular, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism whereas the exact mechanisms of its actions have yet to be explored. Here, we asked whether low serum chromium levels are present in Jordanian smokers and Jordanians with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D), with hypertension, with overweight and obesity, and with a family history of diabetes. Methods A total of 360 patients (120 with T2D, 120 with prediabetes, and 120 healthy controls) were recruited randomly based on the American Diabetes Association criteria. Smokers (n = 26), and patients with hypertension (n = 46), with overweight (n = 47) and obesity (n = 57), and with family history of diabetes (n = 63) were included in the tested population. Serum chromium concentration was measured using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The results from this study revealed significant increase (P = 0.001 univariate, P = 0.038 multivariate) and significant decrease (P = 0.046 univariate,P = 0.038 multivariate) in serum chromium concentrations in smokers and people with T2D and prediabetes, respectively. In addition, serum chromium insignificantly altered (P > 0.05) in people with hypertension, with a family history of diabetes, and with overweight or obesity. Conclusions Higher levels of serum chromium were observed in smokers, whereas lower levels were found to be present in patients with T2D and patients with prediabetes. In addition, serum chromium level may not be affected by hypertension, overweight and obesity, and family history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem A Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sara A Jaradat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef S Khader
- Department of Public Health, University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Santos AS, de Souza CT, Leao DJ, Correia FO, Almeida TS, Ferreira SLC. Simultaneous Determination of Chromium and Iron in Powdered Milk Using High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Moreira LDPD, Gomes JVP, Mattar JB, Chaves LO, Martino HSD. Potential of trace elements as supplements for the metabolic control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Peng S, Wang X, Luo L, Liu L, Huang Q, Tian M, Zhang X, Shen H. Multiple elements related to metabolic markers in the context of gestational diabetes mellitus in meconium. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:1227-1234. [PMID: 30385065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a typical fetus development niches dysfunction and many toxic/nutrient elements have been associated with its onset and progression. However, the classic epidemiologic approach is regarded as "black-box epidemiology" and fails to elucidate these elements' biological roles on the damaged fetus developmental microenvironment. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the associations between meconium of multiple elements with GDM for illustrating their interruption effects on in-uterus microenvironment. METHODS In this case-control study (n = 137 cases; n = 197 controls), the participants were nested from a cross-sectional retrospection of 1359 recruitments in Xiamen, China. Twenty-one meconium elements were characterized using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). For shifting the present paradigm from a black-box approach to a molecular approach, GDM-related metabolic markers were identified in our previous metabolome report. Based on the meet-in-middle strategy, the associations among the elements, metabolic markers and GDM incidence were assessed by using redundancy analysis and correlation-adjusted correlation; mediation analysis was further used to test the hypothesis that metabolic markers mediate the associations of the elements with GDM incidence. RESULTS Eight elements were related with the GDM occurrence in dose-dependent manners, which positively (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Hg, and Sn) or negatively (Ca and V) associated with GDM. Among them, As, Cd, Ba, and Ca significantly contributed to the variation of GDM-related metabolic markers. Additionally, the associations of Cd, Ba, Ca and As with GDM were mediated by the metabolic markers which majorly involved in the lipid metabolism and the Adenosine/l-Arginine/Nitric Oxide (ALANO) pathways. CONCLUSIONS The two-side mediations of meconium metabolic markers between the multiple elements and GDM occurrence indicated that maternal exposure to As, Ba, Cd, and Ca may be associated with the dysfunction of fetus development niche through disrupting lipid metabolism and ALANO pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Siyuan Peng
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lianzhong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Xiamen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen, China.
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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Chromium supplementation does not improve weight loss or metabolic and hormonal variables in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review. Nutr Res 2018; 56:1-10. [PMID: 30055769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, and recently, chromium was discussed as an adjuvant way to manage it. Herein, a systematic review was conducted which centered on the effects of chromium on ovarian physiology with a focus on body mass index, as well as hormonal and metabolic dysfunctions in women suffering from PCOS. This review was performed using the guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Clinical trials investigating chromium in women with PCOS with outcome measures related to metabolic and hormonal status were included. The search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for clinical trials in the English language from the inception of the resources until May 2017 with the terms: chromium, chromium picolinate, CrP, polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS, and sclerocystic ovary syndrome. The search resulted in 89 articles, and after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 6 articles were selected for analysis. Two studies that evaluated the effect of chromium on body weight or body mass index reported no effect. Another study reported the beneficial effect of chromium on weight reduction. It seems that the effect of chromium in the reduction of blood glucose is insignificant, and results are inconsistent in relation to dyslipidemia. With regard to the effects of chromium on concentrations of sex hormones, a longer duration of treatment is needed to produce significant changes. The articles reviewed demonstrated that chromium supplementation has limited effects on weight reduction, glucose control, lipid profile, and hormonal disturbance of women with PCOS; however, more studies are needed due to the clinical changes observed in patients with PCOS after chromium supplementation.
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Nigra AE, Ruiz-Hernandez A, Redon J, Navas-Acien A, Tellez-Plaza M. Environmental Metals and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review Beyond Lead and Cadmium. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:416-433. [PMID: 27783356 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Published systematic reviews concluded that there is moderate to strong evidence to infer a potential role of lead and cadmium, widespread environmental metals, as cardiovascular risk factors. For other non-essential metals, the evidence has not been appraised systematically. Our objective was to systematically review epidemiologic studies on the association between cardiovascular disease in adults and the environmental metals antimony, barium, chromium, nickel, tungsten, uranium, and vanadium. We identified a total of 4 articles on antimony, 1 on barium, 5 on chromium, 1 on nickel, 4 on tungsten, 1 on uranium, and 0 on vanadium. We concluded that the current evidence is not sufficient to inform on the cardiovascular role of these metals because of the small number of studies. Few experimental studies have also evaluated the role of these metals in cardiovascular outcomes. Additional epidemiologic and experimental studies, including prospective cohort studies, are needed to understand the role of metals, including exposure to metal mixtures, in cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, 11 Floor Rm 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Adrian Ruiz-Hernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinical of Valencia (INCLIVA), Av. Menendez Pelayo, 4 accesorio, 6010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Redon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinical of Valencia (INCLIVA), Av. Menendez Pelayo, 4 accesorio, 6010, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, 11 Floor Rm 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinical of Valencia (INCLIVA), Av. Menendez Pelayo, 4 accesorio, 6010, Valencia, Spain.
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Dwyer JT, Coates PM, Smith MJ. Dietary Supplements: Regulatory Challenges and Research Resources. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010041. [PMID: 29300341 PMCID: PMC5793269 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the scientific and regulatory challenges that exist in research on the safety, quality and efficacy of dietary supplements are common to all countries as the marketplace for them becomes increasingly global. This article summarizes some of the challenges in supplement science and provides a case study of research at the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, USA, along with some resources it has developed that are available to all scientists. It includes examples of some of the regulatory challenges faced and some resources for those who wish to learn more about them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7517, USA.
| | - Paul M Coates
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7517, USA.
| | - Michael J Smith
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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Orhan C, Şahin N, Tuzcu Z, Komorowski JR, Şahin K. Combined oral supplementation of chromium picolinate, docosahexaenoic acid, and boron enhances neuroprotection in rats fed a high-fat diet. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:1616-1625. [PMID: 29152944 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1701-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim: A novel complex of a nutritional supplement (CDB) contains chromium picolinate (CrPic), phosphatidylserine (PS), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and boron (B). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CDB on the metabolic profile and memory acquisition in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups and received either a regular diet or HFD supplemented with or without different levels of CDB (0, 11, or 22 mg/kg BW). Results: Rats fed the HFD had greater glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and serum malondialdehyde concentrations, but lower serotonin and tryptophan in the serum and brain and lower Cr concentrations in serum, kidney, brain, and liver (P < 0.0001). CDB complex supplementation reversed all the effects, and the reversal effect was more pronounced with HFD for some parameters. Latency was less (P < 0.05) but probe was greater (P < 0.0001) for rats fed a regular diet. Increasing CDB complex levels in the diets resulted in a linear decrease in latency (P < 0.0002) but a linear increase in probe (P < 0.0002). Conclusion: Findings of the present work indicate that the CDB complex could be considered as an alternative treatment for preventing certain metabolic diseases and improving neurological functions, such as learning and memory.
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Huang H, Chen G, Dong Y, Zhu Y, Chen H. Chromium supplementation for adjuvant treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from a pooled analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28677892 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We conducted a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of chromium supplementation on clinically relevant metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Electronic searches were conducted and the bibliographies of located articles were searched, and 28 studies were suitable for statistical pooling. Endpoints were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using fixed-effects or random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression assessments were also assessed. Chromium reduced levels of fasting plasma glucose (WMD, -0.99 mmol/L; 95% CI, -1.72 to -0.25; p = 0.008), hemoglobin A1c (WMD, -0.54 %; 95% CI, -0.82 to -0.25; p = 0.0002), triglycerides (WMD, -11.71 mg/dL; 95% CI, -18.38 to -5.04; p = 0.0006). Chromium also increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD, 1.73 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.50 to 2.96; p = 0.006). These results were robust in sensitivity analysis and were not dependent on the chromium dose and duration of supplementation. Subgroup analyses indicated that these notably favorable effects were presented in T2DM subjects ingesting chromium chloride and chromium picolinate formulations. CONCLUSION Our pooled analysis suggested that chromium supplementation might be a candidate as an adjunct to pharmacological management in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangzhao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Agricultural Reclamation Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Dong
- Department of Science and Education, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongkun Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Capone K, Sriram S, Patton T, Weinstein D, Newton E, Wroblewski K, Sentongo T. Effects of Chromium on Glucose Tolerance in Infants Receiving Parenteral Nutrition Therapy. Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 33:426-432. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533617711162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Capone
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sudhir Sriram
- Section of Pediatric Neonatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiffany Patton
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dana Weinstein
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ellen Newton
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen Wroblewski
- Department of Health Studies, Statistical Analysis, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy Sentongo
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Inverse Association of Plasma Chromium Levels with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030294. [PMID: 28304331 PMCID: PMC5372957 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium has long been known as an enhancer of insulin action. However, the role of chromium in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans remains controversial. The current study aimed to examine the associations of plasma chromium levels with T2DM and pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM). We conducted a case-control study involving 1471 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, 682 individuals with newly diagnosed pre-DM, and 2290 individuals with normal glucose tolerance in a Chinese population from 2009 to 2014. Plasma chromium was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Plasma chromium levels were lower in the T2DM and pre-DM groups than in the control group (median: 3.68 μg/L, 3.61 μg/L, 3.97 μg/L, respectively, p < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for T2DM across increasing quartiles of plasma chromium levels were 1 (referent), 0.67 (0.55–0.83), 0.64 (0.51–0.79), and 0.58 (0.46–0.73), respectively (p for trend <0.001). The corresponding odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for pre-DM were 1 (referent), 0.70 (0.54–0.91), 0.67 (0.52–0.88), and 0.58 (0.43–0.78), respectively (p for trend < 0.001). Our results indicated that plasma chromium concentrations were inversely associated with T2DM and pre-DM in Chinese adults.
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