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Amarsi R, Furse S, Cleaton MAM, Maurel S, Mitchell AL, Ferguson-Smith AC, Cenac N, Williamson C, Koulman A, Charalambous M. A co-ordinated transcriptional programme in the maternal liver supplies long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to the conceptus using phospholipids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6767. [PMID: 39117683 PMCID: PMC11310303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The long and very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are preferentially transported by the mother to the fetus. Failure to supply LC-PUFAs is strongly linked with stillbirth, fetal growth restriction, and impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, dietary supplementation during pregnancy is unable to simply reverse these outcomes, suggesting imperfectly understood interactions between dietary fatty acid intake and the molecular mechanisms of maternal supply. Here we employ a comprehensive approach combining untargeted and targeted lipidomics with transcriptional profiling of maternal and fetal tissues in mouse pregnancy. Comparison of wild-type mice with genetic models of impaired lipid metabolism allows us to describe maternal hepatic adaptations required to provide LC-PUFAs to the developing fetus. A late pregnancy-specific, selective activation of the Liver X Receptor signalling pathway dramatically increases maternal supply of LC-PUFAs within circulating phospholipids. Crucially, genetic ablation of this pathway in the mother reduces LC-PUFA accumulation by the fetus, specifically of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a critical nutrient for brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Amarsi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK
- Pregnancy Physiology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Samuel Furse
- Biological chemistry group, Jodrell laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mary A M Cleaton
- Department of Genetics, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Sarah Maurel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice L Mitchell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Anne C Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Genetics, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marika Charalambous
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE19RT, UK.
- Pregnancy Physiology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK.
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2
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Abou Assi A, Heude B, Plancoulaine S, Sarté C, Tafflet M, Yuan WL, Charles MA, Armand M, Bernard JY. Patterns of perinatal polyunsaturated fatty acid status and associated dietary or candidate-genetic factors. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100562. [PMID: 38762122 PMCID: PMC11231547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can be characterized through biomarkers in maternal or cord blood or breast milk. Objectives were to describe perinatal PUFA status combining multiple biofluids and to investigate how it was influenced by dietary intake during pregnancy and maternal FADS and ELOVL gene polymorphisms. This study involved 1,901 mother-child pairs from the EDEN cohort, with PUFA levels measured in maternal and cord erythrocytes, and colostrum. Maternal dietary PUFA intake during the last trimester was derived from a food frequency questionnaire. Twelve single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FADS and ELOVL genes were genotyped from maternal DNA. Principal component analysis incorporating PUFA levels from the three biofluids identified patterns of perinatal PUFA status. Spearman's correlations explored associations between patterns and PUFA dietary intake, and linear regression models examined pattern associations with FADS or ELOVL haplotypes. Five patterns were retained: "High omega-3 LC-PUFAs, low omega-6 LC-PUFAs"; "Omega-6 LC-PUFAs"; "Colostrum LC-PUFAs"; "Omega-6 precursor (LA) and DGLA"; "Omega-6 precursor and colostrum ALA". Maternal omega-3 LC-PUFA intakes were correlated with "High omega-3 LC-PUFAs, low omega-6 LC-PUFAs" (r(DHA) = 0.33) and "Omega-6 LC-PUFAs" (r(DHA) = -0.19) patterns. Strong associations were found between FADS haplotypes and PUFA patterns except for "High omega-3 LC-PUFAs, low omega-6 LC-PUFAs". Lack of genetic association with the "High omega-3 LC-PUFAs, low omega-6 LC-PUFAs" pattern, highly correlated with maternal omega-3 LC-PUFA intake, emphasizes the importance of adequate omega-3 LC-PUFA intake during pregnancy and lactation. This study offers a more comprehensive assessment of perinatal PUFA status and its determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Abou Assi
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.
| | - Sabine Plancoulaine
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, WAKING, Bron, France
| | | | - Muriel Tafflet
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Martine Armand
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
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3
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Bi X, Wang Y, Lin Y, Wang M, Li X. Genetic Evidence for Causal Relationships between Plasma Eicosanoid Levels and Cardiovascular Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:294. [PMID: 38921429 PMCID: PMC11206149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Eicosanoids are a group of bioactive metabolites that are mainly oxidized by arachidonic acid. Eicosanoids play a diverse role in cardiovascular diseases, with some exerting beneficial effects while others have detrimental consequences. However, a causal relationship between eicosanoid levels and cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with strong associations with plasma eicosanoid levels were selected. Summary-level data for cardiovascular disease were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies. A two-sample MR analysis identified that plasma eicosanoid levels were inversely correlated with unstable angina pectoris (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1-1.12; p = 0.04), myocardial infarction (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.09; p = 0.005), ischemia stroke (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1-1.11; p = 0.047), transient ischemic attack (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1-1.07; p = 0.042), heart failure (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p = 0.011), and pulmonary embolism (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.02-1.14; p = 1.69 × 10-6). In conclusion, our data strongly suggest a genetic causal link between high plasma eicosanoid levels and an increased cardiovascular disease risk. This study provides genetic evidence for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Nursing, No. 906 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yangjun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
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4
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Wimalasena ST, Ramírez Silva CI, Gonzalez Casanova I, Rivera JA, Sun YV, Stein AD, Ferranti EP, Alvarez JA, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Maternal and Offspring Fatty Acid Desaturase Variants, Prenatal DHA Supplementation, and Dietary n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children. J Nutr 2024; 154:1540-1548. [PMID: 38453026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes may modify dietary fatty acid requirements and influence cardiometabolic health (CMH). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the role of selected variants in maternal and offspring FADS genes on offspring CMH at the age of 11 y and assessed interactions of genotype with diet quality and prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. METHODS We used data from offspring (n = 203) born to females who participated in a randomized controlled trial of DHA supplementation (400 mg/d) from midgestation to delivery. We generated a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score from body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose and identified 6 distinct haplotypes from 5 offspring FADS SNPs. Dietary n-6 (ω-6):n-3 fatty acid ratios were derived from 24-h recall data (n = 141). We used generalized linear models to test associations of offspring diet and FADS haplotypes with MetS score and interactions of maternal and offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with prenatal treatment group and dietary n-6:n-3 ratio on MetS score. RESULTS Associations between FADS haplotypes and MetS score were null. Offspring SNP rs174602 did not modify the association of prenatal DHA supplementation with MetS score. Among children with TT or TC genotype for SNP rs174602 (n = 88), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile (>8.61) had higher MetS score relative to the lowest tertile [<6.67) (Δ= 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.69]. Among children with CC genotype (n = 53), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile had a lower MetS score relative to the lowest tertile (Δ= -0.23; 95% CI: -0.61, 0.16). CONCLUSIONS There was evidence of an interaction of offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with current dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, but not with prenatal DHA supplementation, on MetS score. Further studies may help to determine the utility of targeted supplementation strategies and dietary recommendations based on genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Erin P Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Hörnell A, Lagström H. Infant feeding-a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10456. [PMID: 38370110 PMCID: PMC10870977 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2012 edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) included recommendations on breastfeeding, based on the most recent guidelines and recommendations from major national food and health authorities and organizations, systematic reviews, and some original research. For NNR 2023, the scope has been expanded and also includes formula feeding and the introduction of solid food. The main focus in this scoping review is on infants aged 0-12 months but also considers parts both before and beyond the first year, as the concept of 'the first 1000 days' emphasizes the importance of factors during pregnancy and the first 2 years of life for immediate and later health: physical as well as emotional and mental health. Breastmilk is the natural and sustainable way to feed an infant during the first months of life. Numerous studies have indicated immediate as well as long-term beneficial effects of breastfeeding on health for both the infant and the breastfeeding mother, and from a public health perspective, it is therefore important to protect, support, and promote breastfeeding. For full-term, normal weight infants, breastmilk is sufficient as the only form of nutrition for the first 6 months, except for vitamin D that needs to be given as supplement. The World Health Organization (WHO) and several other authoritative bodies therefore recommend exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months. Starting solids at about 6 months is necessary for both nutritional and developmental reasons. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), solid foods are safe to give from 4 months although exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months is the desirable goal. Breastfeeding can continue together with complementary foods as long as it is mutually desired by the mother and child. If breastfeeding is not enough or for some reason discontinued before the infant is 4 months of age, the infant should be fed infant formula, and, when possible, breastfeeding should be continued alongside the formula feeding. If the infant is 4 months or older, starting with solids together with continued breastfeeding and/or formula feeding is an option. Infant formulas have been developed for infants who are not breastfed or do not get enough breastmilk. Home-made formula should not be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Hörnell
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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6
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Wimalasena ST, Ramírez-Silva CI, Gonzalez Casanova I, Stein AD, Sun YV, Rivera JA, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Effects of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on offspring cardiometabolic health at 11 years differs by maternal single nucleotide polymorphism rs174602: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial in Mexico. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:1123-1132. [PMID: 37839707 PMCID: PMC10797513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence regarding long-term effects of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on offspring cardiometabolic health (CMH). Inconsistent results may be attributable to variants of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on offspring CMH and investigate effect modification by maternal FADS2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174602. METHODS We used follow-up data from a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in Mexico in which pregnant females received 400 mg/d of algal DHA or placebo from midgestation until delivery. The study sample included 314 offspring with data at age 11 y and maternal FADS genetic data (DHA: n = 160; Placebo: n = 154). We derived a Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) score from body mass index, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose concentrations, and systolic blood pressure. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on offspring MetS score and test interactions between treatment group and genotype, adjusting for maternal, offspring, and household factors. RESULTS Offspring MetS score did not differ significantly by treatment group. We observed evidence of effect modification by maternal SNP rs174602 (P = 0.001); offspring of maternal TT genotype who received DHA had lower MetS score relative to the placebo group (DHA (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)): -0.21 ± 0.11, n = 21; Placebo: 0.05 ± 0.11, n = 23; Δ= -0.26 (95% CI: -0.55, 0.04), P = 0.09); among CC maternal genotype carriers, offspring of mothers who received DHA had higher MetS score (0.18 ± 0.06, n = 62) relative to the placebo group (-0.05 ± 0.06, n = 65, Δ=0.24 (0.06, 0.41), P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on offspring MetS score differed by maternal FADS SNP rs174602. These findings further support incorporating genetic analysis of FADS polymorphisms in DHA supplementation trials. CLINICAL TRIAL DETAILS This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00646360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Aryeh D Stein
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Juan A Rivera
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU-Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU-Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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7
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Hergenrader A, VanOrmer M, Slotkowski R, Thompson M, Freeman A, Paetz O, Sweeney S, Wegner L, Ali K, Bender N, Chaudhary R, Thoene M, Hanson C, Anderson-Berry A. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Maternal and Cord Plasma Are Associated with Maternal Socioeconomic Status. Nutrients 2023; 15:4432. [PMID: 37892508 PMCID: PMC10609830 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a crucial role in fetal growth and neurodevelopment, while omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated that socioeconomic status (SES) influences dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, but few studies have evaluated the association between maternal and cord plasma biomarkers of PUFAs and socioeconomic markers. An IRB-approved study enrolled mother-infant pairs (n = 55) at the time of delivery. Maternal and cord plasma PUFA concentrations were analyzed using gas chromatography. Markers of SES were obtained from validated surveys and maternal medical records. Mann-Whitney U tests and linear regression models were utilized for statistical analysis. Maternal eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (p = 0.02), cord EPA (p = 0.04), and total cord n-3 PUFA concentrations (p = 0.04) were significantly higher in college-educated mothers vs. mothers with less than a college education after adjustment for relevant confounders. Insurance type and household income were not significantly associated with n-3 or n-6 PUFA plasma concentrations after adjustment. Our findings suggest that mothers with lower educational status may be at risk of lower plasma concentrations of n-3 PUFAs at delivery, which could confer increased susceptibility to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hergenrader
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew VanOrmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rebecca Slotkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Alyssa Freeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Olivia Paetz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sarah Sweeney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lauren Wegner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Khadijjta Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nicole Bender
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ridhi Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education Program, College of Allied Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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8
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Olejnik A, Gornowicz-Porowska J, Jenerowicz D, Polańska A, Dobrzyńska M, Przysławski J, Sansone A, Ferreri C. Fatty Acids Profile and the Relevance of Membranes as the Target of Nutrition-Based Strategies in Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3857. [PMID: 37686888 PMCID: PMC10489657 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis has increased drastically, especially in urban populations. This multifactorial skin disease is caused by complex interactions between various factors including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and diet. In eczema, apart from using an elimination diet, the adequate content of fatty acids from foods (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) plays an important role as an immunomodulatory agent. Different aspects regarding atopic dermatitis include connections between lipid metabolism in atopic dermatitis, with the importance of the MUFA levels, as well as of the omega-6/omega-3 balance that affects the formation of long-chain (C20 eicosanoic and C22 docosaenoic) fatty acids and bioactive lipids from them (such as prostaglandins). Impair/repair of the functioning of epidermal barrier is influenced by these fatty acid levels. The purpose of this review is to drive attention to membrane fatty acid composition and its involvement as the target of fatty acid supplementation. The membrane-targeted strategy indicates the future direction for dermatological research regarding the use of nutritional synergies, in particular using red blood cell fatty acid profiles as a tool for checking the effects of supplementations to reach the target and influence the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance of lipid mediators. This knowledge gives the opportunity to develop personalized strategies to create a healthy balance by nutrition with an anti-inflammatory outcome in skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Jenerowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Anna Sansone
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
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9
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Ma Z, He W. Fatty acids and pregnancy-induced hypertension: a Mendelian randomization study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:131. [PMID: 37587460 PMCID: PMC10428562 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) contributes significantly to the mortality rates of both mothers and babies during pregnancy. The relationship between fatty acids (FAs) and PIH remains debatable, with the causality between the two yet to be definitively established. METHODS Two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses were executed, based on pooled data from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), to investigate any causal impact of FAs on PIH. A suite of methods was employed to assess causality, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. Subsequently, the data underwent a sensitivity analysis (using Leave-One-Out analysis), a heterogeneity test (with MR-PRESSO and Cochran's Q test), as well as a multiple validity test (using MR-Egger regression). In multivariable analyses, fatty acids were first grouped to observe the effect of individual FAs on PIH. Subsequently, factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) were incorporated into a multivariable examination of the impact of each FA on PIH. During this process, the IVW, weighted median, MR-Lasso, and MR-Egger methods were employed. RESULTS A systematic investigation was conducted into the causal impact of each FA on PIH. The findings indicated that Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA), Omega3, the ratio of Omega6 to Omega3, and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) have a causal relationship with PIH. Increases in PUFA, Omega3, and DHA could potentially reduce the risk of PIH, while an increase in the Omega6/Omega3 ratio could heighten the risk. The impacts of other FAs (including Total Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA), Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA), and Omega 6) on PIH were not substantiated by the MR analysis. In the univariate leave-one-out analysis, rs174564 was identified in PUFA, Omega3, and DHA as having a significant role. The tests with MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO found that the results were not influenced by pleiotropy and heterogeneity. After adjusting for BMI, Diabetes Mellitus, and pre-existing hypertension in the multivariable analysis, the results mirrored those obtained univariable. CONCLUSION The research implies that elevated levels of circulating PUFA, DHA, and Omega3 may serve as a protective mechanism against PIH, while higher Omega6/Omega3 ratios could potentially increase the risk of PIH. These findings may inform clinical strategies for PIH prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Ma
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Decsi T, Marosvölgyi T, Szabó É. Docosahexaenoic Acid in Formulas for Term Infants: The Way from Pioneer Idea to Mandatory Dietary Recommendation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1326. [PMID: 37374109 DOI: 10.3390/life13061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a novel mandatory constituent of breast-milk-substitute infant formula in Europe. The aim of the present narrative review was to summarize available data in connection with the background of the novel European mandatory dietary recommendation to add at least 20 mg/100 kcal (4.8 mg/100 kJ) DHA to infant formula. The literature search with the expression "docosahexaenoic acid with (infant or human milk or formula)" revealed nearly 2000 papers, including more than 400 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DHA is a persistent constituent of human milk (HM) with a worldwide mean level of 0.37% (standard deviation: 0.11%) of all fatty acids in HM. RCTs on supplementing DHA to lactating women showed some indications, though no direct evidence of the beneficial effect of enhanced HM DHA on the development of breastfed infants. The most-recent Cochrane review of RCTs investigating the effect of DHA supplementation to infant formula for full-term infants reported no evidence for recommending supplementation. The controversy between the Cochrane view and the actual recommendation may be related to the numerous hurdles in organizing high-quality studies in this field. On the basis of the official food composition recommendation, today in Europe, DHA should be considered as a fatty acid essential for infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Decsi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School and Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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11
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Huang T, Long Y, Ou Y, Li J, Huang Y, Gao J. Association between circulating fatty acid metabolites and asthma risk: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:112. [PMID: 37221513 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are involved in a wide range of immunological responses in humans. Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids has been reported to help alleviate symptoms and airway inflammation in asthma patients, whereas the effects of fatty acids on the actual risk of asthma remain controversial. This study comprehensively investigated the causal effects of serum fatty acids on asthma risk using two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS Genetic variants strongly associated with 123 circulating fatty acid metabolites were extracted as instrumental variables, and a large GWAS data of asthma was used to test effects of the metabolites on this outcome. The inverse-variance weighted method was used for primary MR analysis. The weighted median, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analyses were utilized to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Potential confounders were adjusted by performing multivariable MR analyses. Reverse MR analysis was also conducted to estimate the causal effect of asthma on candidate fatty acid metabolites. Further, we performed colocalization analysis to examine the pleiotropy of variants within the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) locus between the significant metabolite traits and the risk of asthma. Cis-eQTL-MR and colocalization analysis were also performed to determine the association between RNA expression of FADS1 and asthma. RESULTS Genetically instrumented higher average number of methylene groups was causally associated with a lower risk of asthma in primary MR analysis, while inversely, the higher ratio of bis-allylic groups to double bonds and the higher ratio of bis-allylic groups to total fatty acids, were associated with higher probabilities of asthma. Consistent results were obtained in multivariable MR when adjusted for potential confounders. However, these effects were completely eliminated after SNPs correlated with the FADS1 gene were excluded. The reverse MR also found no causal association. The colocalization analysis suggested that the three candidate metabolite traits and asthma likely share causal variants within the FADS1 locus. In addition, the cis-eQTL-MR and colocalization analyses demonstrated a causal association and shared causal variants between FADS1 expression and asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports a negative association between several PUFA traits and the risk of asthma. However, this association is largely attributed to the influence of FADS1 polymorphisms. The results of this MR study should be carefully interpreted given the pleiotropy of SNPs associated with FADS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Long
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
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12
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Wu WC, Wu PY, Chan CY, Lee MF, Huang CY. Effect of FADS1 rs174556 Genotype on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:352-362. [PMID: 36806496 PMCID: PMC10229383 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PUFA status is highly implicated in cognitive development and metabolic disorder-related diseases. Genetic variants of FADS genes encoding enzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting steps of PUFA biosynthesis appear to be associated with n-3 and n-6 PUFA contents. Therefore, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association of the A-allele carriers of the FADS1 rs174556 with PUFA status. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The literature search was conducted up to November 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Airiti Library, and CINAHL. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used to assess the methodological quality. The correlation with 95% CIs was determined by a random-effect meta-analysis. Eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria and acceptable quality were included in this systematic review. The data on PUFA contents were collected when they were mainly analyzed using blood samples and breast milk. Results of the meta-analysis on eight studies (one randomized controlled trial, one cohort study, and six cross-sectional studies) showed that the A-allele carriers of rs174556 were significantly negatively correlated with the concentrations of AA (P = 0.001), EPA (P = 0.004), and DHA (P = 0.025). However, ALA and LA were not associated with the A-allele carriers. To clarify the discrepancy, we further divided the studies into blood samples and breast milk subgroups. The subgroup analysis revealed that the A-allele carriers of rs174556 were significantly positively correlated with LA (P = 0.031) and negatively correlated with AA (P = 0.001), EPA (P = 0.036), and DHA (P < 0.001) in the blood sample group, but not in the breast milk group. The current meta-analysis proved that the A-allele carriers of the FADS1 rs174556 appeared to be highly associated with lower concentrations of AA, EPA, and DHA but higher LA in the blood samples. The study has been registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO:CRD42022363978). Adv Nutr 2023;x:xx-xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chieh Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fen Lee
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yin Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Vamadeva SG, Bhattacharyya N, Sharan K. Maternal Plasma Glycerophospholipids LC-PUFA Levels Have a Sex-Specific Association with the Offspring's Cord Plasma Glycerophospholipids-Fatty Acid Desaturation Indices at Birth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14850. [PMID: 36429569 PMCID: PMC9691092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases, the enzymes responsible for the production of unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in fetal tissues, are known to be influenced by maternal-placental supply of nutrients and hormones for their function. We hypothesize that there could be a gender-specific regulation of unsaturated FA metabolism at birth, dependent on the maternal fatty acid levels. In this study, 153 mother-newborn pairs of uncomplicated and 'full-term' pregnancies were selected and the FA composition of plasma glycerophospholipids (GP) was quantified by gas chromatography. The FA composition of mother blood plasma (MB) was compared with the respective cord blood plasma (CB) of male newborns or female newborns. Product to substrate ratios were estimated to calculate delta 5 desaturase (D5D), delta 6 desaturase (D6D) and delta 9 stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (D9D/SCD) indices. Pearson correlations and linear regression analyses were employed to determine the associations between MB and CB pairs. In the results, the male infant's MB-CB association was positively correlated with the SCD index of carbon-16 FA, while no correlation was seen for the SCD index of carbon-18 FA. Unlike for males, the CB-D5D index of female neonates presented a strong positive association with the maternal n-6 long chain-polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA), arachidonic acid. In addition, the lipogenic desaturation index of SCD18 in the CB of female new-borns was negatively correlated with their MB n-3 DHA. In conclusion, sex-related differences in new-borns' CB desaturation indices are associated with maternal LC-PUFA status at the time of the birth. This examined relationship appears to predict the origin of sex-specific unsaturated FA metabolism seen in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Giriyapura Vamadeva
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Kunal Sharan
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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14
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Li YW, Guo Q, Peng QQ, Shen Q, Nie ZK, Ye C, Shi TQ. Recent Development of Advanced Biotechnology in the Oleaginous Fungi for Arachidonic Acid Production. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3163-3173. [PMID: 36221956 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is an essential ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which plays a significant role in cardiovascular health and neurological development, leading to its wide use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, ARA is obtained from deep-sea fish oil. However, this source is limited by season and is depleting the already threatened global fish stocks. With the rapid development of synthetic biology in recent years, oleaginous fungi have gradually attracted increasing attention as promising microbial sources for large-scale ARA production. Numerous advanced technologies including metabolic engineering, dynamic regulation of fermentation conditions, and multiomics analysis were successfully adapted to increase ARA synthesis. This review summarizes recent advances in the bioengineering of oleaginous fungi for ARA production. Finally, perspectives for future engineering approaches are proposed to further improve the titer yield and productivity of ARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Peng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Kui Nie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi New Reyphon Biochemical Co., Ltd, Salt & Chemical Industry, Xingan, Jiangxi 331399, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
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15
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Pregnancy as a Fundamental Determinant of Child Health: a Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:457-485. [PMID: 35789475 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Maternal conditions and exposures during pregnancy including over- and undernutrition are associated with poor childbirth outcomes, growth, development and chronic childhood diseases. We examined contemporary pregnancy-related determinants of child health. RECENT FINDINGS While maternal undernutrition remains a major contributor to low birth weight, maternal obesity affects foetal growth, birth weight, survival and is associated with childhood obesity, asthma and autistic spectrum disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic changes, the prenatal microbiome and maternal immune activation (MIA), a neuroinflammatory process induced by diet and other exposures cause foetal programming resulting in these chronic childhood diseases. Maternal diet is potentially a modifiable risk factor for controlling low birth weight, obesity and chronic disease in childhood. Further studies are warranted to refine guidance on dietary restriction and physical activity during pregnancy and determine how MIA and prenatal microbiota can be applied to control childhood diseases arising from programming.
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16
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Fayezi S, Mehdizadeh A, Germeyer A, Strowitzki T, Fayyazpour P, Nowrouzi Z, Zarezadeh R. Maternal erythrocyte fatty acid composition as a predictive marker for pregnancy health. Biofactors 2022; 48:763-778. [PMID: 35357720 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is accompanied by a surge in demand for fatty acids (FAs) in order to support maternal health, as well as fetal growth and development. Of particular demand is essential for long-chain polyunsaturated FAs. FAs are primarily obtained from dietary sources and are distributed in the body. In comparison with the use of self-reporting approaches, measuring the FA levels within different blood compartments can present a more accurate image of nutritional, and thus tissue, FA composition. Hence, the FA profile of plasma or serum is commonly used for physiological analyses. Nevertheless, plasma and serum FAs are not yet incorporated into cell membranes, and consequently may not be a suitable reflection of the FA status of body tissues. The evaluation of erythrocyte FA levels offers a superior possibility for the following reasons: the biological fluctuation of erythrocyte FA composition is low, phospholipids account for almost all the lipid content of erythrocytes, and the FA profiles of erythrocytes represent those of tissues. Here, we elaborate on whether the status of maternal erythrocyte FAs can serve as a prognostic biomarker for reproductive health and fetomaternal complications, including embryonic and fetoplacental development, gestational length, and preeclampsia. In addition, factors with the potential of altering the maternal erythrocyte FAs such as maternal diet, lifestyle habits, genetics, and body composition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Fayezi
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ariane Germeyer
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Parisa Fayyazpour
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Nowrouzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Hlusko LJ, McNelis MG. Evolutionary adaptation highlights the interconnection of fatty acids, sunlight, inflammation and epithelial adhesion. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1313-1318. [PMID: 35416313 PMCID: PMC9324807 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gene variants that influence human biology today reflect thousands of years of evolution. Genetic effects on infant health are a major point of selective pressure, given that childhood survival is essential to evolutionary success. Knowledge of this evolutionary history can have implications for paediatric research. CONCLUSION: An episode of human adaptation to the extremely low ultraviolet radiation environment of the Arctic 20,000 years ago implicates the Ectodysplasin A Receptor (EDAR) and the Fatty Acid Desaturases (FADS) in human lactation and epithelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslea J. Hlusko
- National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH) Burgos Spain
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Madeline G. McNelis
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
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18
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Niwa S, Kawabata T, Shoji K, Ogata H, Kagawa Y, Nakayama K, Yanagisawa Y, Iwamoto S, Tatsuta N, Asato K, Arima T, Yaegashi N, Nakai K. Investigation of Maternal Diet and FADS1 Polymorphism Associated with Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Compositions in Human Milk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102160. [PMID: 35631303 PMCID: PMC9143760 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the amount of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in human milk is an important strategy for infant growth and development. We investigated the associations of LCPUFA compositions in human milk with maternal diet (especially fish and shellfish intake), with fatty acid Δ5 desaturase gene (FADS1) polymorphisms, and with gene-diet interactions. The present study was performed as part of an adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The participants were 304 lactating females, who provided human milk 6−7 months after delivery. Fatty acids in human milk were analyzed by gas chromatography, and dietary surveys were conducted using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. We also analyzed a single nucleotide polymorphism of FADS1 (rs174547, T/C). There was a significant difference in arachidonic acid (ARA) composition in human milk among the genotype groups, and the values were decreasing in the order of TT > TC > CC. The concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were also different between TT and CC genotype, indicating a tendency for decreasing values in the same order. The composition of ARA showed significant gene−dietary interactions in multiple regression analysis, and the positive correlation between fish and shellfish intake and ARA composition in human milk was significant only in the CC genotype. Moreover, the factor most strongly associated with EPA and DHA composition in human milk was fish and shellfish intake. Therefore, it was suggested that increasing fish and shellfish intake in mothers may increase EPA and DHA composition in human milk, while increasing fish and shellfish intake in CC genotype mothers may lead to increased ARA composition in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Niwa
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
- Faculty of Home Economics, Gifu Women’s University, 80 Taromaru, Gifu City 501-2592, Gifu, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-49-282-3705
| | - Terue Kawabata
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kumiko Shoji
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hiromitsu Ogata
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yasuo Kagawa
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kazuhiro Nakayama
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8562, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Yoshiko Yanagisawa
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.I.)
| | - Sadahiko Iwamoto
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.I.)
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (N.T.); (K.A.); (K.N.)
| | - Kaname Asato
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (N.T.); (K.A.); (K.N.)
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (N.T.); (K.A.); (K.N.)
- School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Nishinohora 21-233, Miyoshi 470-0207, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Panda C, Varadharaj S, Voruganti VS. PUFA, genotypes and risk for cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 176:102377. [PMID: 34915303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long chain fatty acids that are characterized by the presence of more than one double bond. These include fatty acids such as ꞷ-3-α-linolenic acid (ALA) and ꞷ-6 -linoleic acid (LA) which can only be obtained from dietary sources and are therefore termed essential fatty acids. They contain the building blocks for dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in the ꞷ-6 family as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the ꞷ-3 family. Both ALA and LA are important constituents of animal and plant cell membranes and are important components of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory hormones and therefore, often modulate cellular immunity under chronic inflammatory states. The variation in physiological PUFA levels is under significant genetic influence, the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes being key regulators of PUFA metabolism. These genetic variants have been shown to alter fatty acid metabolism and influence the onset and progression of various metabolic conditions. This detailed review discusses the role of PUFAs, diet and genotypes in risk for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Panda
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Standard Process Inc, United States
| | | | - Venkata Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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20
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Kytikova OY, Novgorodtseva TP, Denisenko YK, Antonyuk MV, Gvozdenko TA. Associations Of Delta Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Polymorphisms With Lipid Metabolism Disorders. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2021.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are common chronic ailments associated with lipid metabolism disorders. One of the mechanisms of these disorders is related to the deficiency and/or change in the balance of essential fatty acids (FAs). At the same time, the provision of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) depends, besides sufficient dietary intake, on efficiency of their endogenous biosynthesis by desaturation and elongation processes regulated by FA elongases and FA desaturases. Desaturases are encoded by PUFA desaturase genes (FADSs): FADS1 and FADS2. Alteration of FA desaturase activity and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FADS1 and FADS2 gene cluster are associated with lipid metabolism dysfunction and may affect the pathogenesis of lipid-related diseases. People of different ages, from different ethnic backgrounds and countries may exhibit varying degrees of response to dietary supplements of ω3 and ω6 PUFAs. The study of the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and genetic factors controlling FA metabolism is an important research area since the health effects of alimentary ω3 and ω6 PUFAs can depend on genetic variants of the FADS genes. This review summarizes the literature data on the association of FADS gene polymorphisms with lipid metabolism disorders and their role in the development of chronic non-communicable pathologies associated with changes in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Yu. Kytikova
- Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - Yulia K. Denisenko
- Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Marina V. Antonyuk
- Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Gvozdenko
- Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
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21
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Potential Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Pediatric Food Allergy. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010152. [PMID: 35011028 PMCID: PMC8746967 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved both in immune system regulation and inflammation. In particular, within the PUFAs category, omega-3 (ω-3) may reduce inflammation, whereas omega-6 (ω-6) PUFAs are generally considered to have a proinflammatory effect. Recent evidence highlights an imbalance in the ω-3:ω-6 ratio with an increased intake of ω-6, as a consequence of the shift towards a westernized diet. In critical age groups such as infants, toddlers and young children, as well as pregnant and lactating women or fish allergic patients, ω-3 intake may be inadequate. This review aims to discuss the potential beneficial effects of PUFAs on pediatric food allergy prevention and treatment, both at prenatal and postnatal ages. Data from preclinical studies with PUFAs supplementation show encouraging effects in suppressing allergic response. Clinical studies results are still conflicting about the best timing and dosages of supplementation and which individuals are most likely to benefit; therefore, it is still not possible to draw firm conclusions. With regard to food-allergic children, it is still debated whether PUFAs could slow disease progression or not, since consistent data are lacking. In conclusion, more data on the effects of ω-3 PUFAs supplementation alone or in combination with other nutrients are warranted, both in the general and food allergic population.
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22
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Tandon S, Gonzalez-Casanova I, Barraza-Villarreal A, Romieu I, Demmelmair H, Jones DP, Koletzko B, Stein AD, Ramakrishnan U. Infant Metabolome in Relation to Prenatal DHA Supplementation and Maternal Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs174602: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Mexico. J Nutr 2021; 151:3339-3349. [PMID: 34494106 PMCID: PMC8562085 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although DHA (22:6n-3) is critical for fetal development, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of prenatal DHA supplementation report inconsistent effects on offspring health. Variants in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes that regulate the conversion of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids into their biologically active derivatives may explain this heterogeneity. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on the offspring metabolome at age 3 mo and explored differences by maternal FADS single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174602. METHODS Data were obtained from a double-blind RCT in Mexico [POSGRAD (Prenatal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Child Growth and Development)] in which women (18-35 y old) received DHA (400 mg/d) or placebo from mid-gestation until delivery. Using high-resolution MS with LC, untargeted metabolomics was performed on 112 offspring plasma samples. Discriminatory metabolic features were selected via linear regression (P < 0.05) with false discovery rate (FDR) correction (q = 0.2). Interaction by SNP rs174602 was assessed using 2-factor ANOVA. Stratified analyses were performed, where the study population was grouped into carriers (TT, TC; n = 70) and noncarriers (CC; n = 42) of the minor allele. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed with Mummichog (P < 0.05). RESULTS After FDR correction, there were no differences in metabolic features between infants whose mothers received prenatal DHA (n = 58) and those whose mothers received placebo (n = 54). However, we identified 343 differentially expressed features in the interaction analysis after FDR correction. DHA supplementation positively enriched amino acid and aminosugars metabolism pathways and decreased fatty acid metabolism pathways among offspring of minor allele carriers and decreased metabolites within the tricarboxylic acid cycle and galactose metabolism pathways among offspring of noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate differences in infant metabolism in response to prenatal DHA supplementation by maternal SNP rs174602 and further support the need to incorporate genetic analysis of FADS polymorphisms into DHA supplementation trials.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00646360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ines Gonzalez-Casanova
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Romieu
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, (LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Dean P Jones
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, (LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Leikin-Frenkel A, Mohr-Sasson A, Anteby M, Kandel-Kfir M, Harari A, Rahav R, Kamari Y, Shaish A, Harats D, Cohen H, Hendler I. Blood fatty acid analysis reveals similar n-3 fatty acid composition in non-pregnant and pregnant women and their neonates in an Israeli pilot study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 173:102339. [PMID: 34487973 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is required during pregnancy to supply for normal fetal growth and development. This pilot study aimed to assess the unknown fatty acid (FA) composition in a cohort of non-pregnant and pregnant Israeli women at term and their offspring on a normal diet without n-3 FA supplementation. The fatty acid profile, analyzed using gas chromatography, showed significantly higher plasma monounsaturated (MUFA) and lower n-6 FA percent distribution with similar n-3 index, in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women. RBC exhibited significantly higher MUFA with similar n-3 index, in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women. N-3 FA significantly correlated between neonates' plasma, with higher n-3 index, and pregnant women's DHA. Conclusion: DHA levels in non-pregnant and pregnant Israeli women at term were comparable and the DHA in pregnant women's plasma positively correlated with their neonate's level, suggesting an efficient mother-fetus FA transfer and/or fetal fatty acid metabolism to longer FA products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Aya Mohr-Sasson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - Matan Anteby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel-Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Roni Rahav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hofit Cohen
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Israel Hendler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Dai Y, Liu J. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:847-868. [PMID: 33382879 PMCID: PMC8262633 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Omega-3, a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), may help promote healthy sleep outcomes. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials are inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the impact of omega-3 LC-PUFA supplementation and related dietary intervention in clinical trials as well as omega-3 LC-PUFA exposure in longitudinal studies on human's sleep-related outcome. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and AMED databases were searched from inception to November 2019. Randomized controlled trials, clinical trials that included a control group, and longitudinal studies that reported the intake of omega-3 LC-PUFA and sleep-related outcomes were included. STUDY SELECTION A total of 20 studies with 12 clinical trials and 8 longitudinal studies were identified for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION Participant characteristics, study location, intervention information, and sleep-related outcome measurements were reported. Included studies were appraised with Cochrane risk-of-bias tools and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95%CIs were pooled with fixed or random effect models. RESULTS Omega-3 LC-PUFA may improve infants' sleep organization and maturity. It reduced the percentage of infants' active sleep (WMD = -8.40%; 95%CI, -14.50 to -2.29), sleep-wake transition (WMD = -1.15%; 95%CI, -2.09 to -0.20), and enhanced the percentage of wakefulness (WMD = 9.06%; 95%CI, 1.53-16.59) but had no effect on quiet sleep. Omega-3 reduced children's total sleep disturbance score for those with clinical-level sleep problems (WMD = -1.81; 95%CI, -3.38 to -0.23) but had no effect on healthy children's total sleep duration, sleep latency, or sleep efficiency. No effectiveness was found in adults' total sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep quality, or insomnia severity. CONCLUSION Omega-3 LC-PUFA may improve certain aspects of sleep health throughout childhood. Additional robust studies are warranted to confirm the relationship between omega-3 LC-PUFA and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Leikin-Frenkel A, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Hollander KS, Atrakchi D, Ravid O, Rand D, Kandel-Kfir M, Israelov H, Cohen H, Kamari Y, Shaish A, Harats D, Schnaider-Beeri M, Cooper I. Dietary alpha linolenic acid in pregnant mice and during weaning increases brain docosahexaenoic acid and improves recognition memory in the offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 91:108597. [PMID: 33545323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is critical for normal brain development and function. DHA is in danger of being significantly reduced in the human food supply, and the question of whether its metabolic precursor, the essential n-3 alpha linolenic acid (ALA) during pregnancy, can support fetal brain DHA levels for optimal neurodevelopment, is fundamental. Female mice were fed either ALA-enriched or Control diet during pregnancy and lactation. The direct effect of maternal dietary ALA on lipids was analyzed in liver, red blood cells, brain and brain vasculature, together with genes of fatty acid metabolism and transport in three-week-old offspring. The long-term effect of maternal dietary ALA on brain fatty acids and memory was studied in 19-week-old offspring. Three-week-old ALA offspring showed higher levels of n-3 fatty acids in liver, red blood cell, blood-brain barrier (BBB) vasculature and brain parenchyma, DHA enrichment in brain phospholipids and higher gene and protein expression of the DHA transporter, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a, compared to Controls. 19-week-old ALA offspring showed higher brain DHA levels and better memory performance than Controls. The increased brain DHA levels induced by maternal dietary ALA during pregnancy-lactation, together with the up-regulated levels of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a, may indicate a mode for greater DHA uptake with long-term impact on better memory in ALA offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Dana Atrakchi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orly Ravid
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Daniel Rand
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel-Kfir
- Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hila Israelov
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hofit Cohen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider-Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel; The Nehemia Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research - The TELEM Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Maternal Factors Associated with Levels of Fatty Acids, Specifically n-3 PUFA during Pregnancy: ECLIPSES Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020317. [PMID: 33499257 PMCID: PMC7912138 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimal fatty acid (FA) profile during pregnancy, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is essential for the health of the mother and child. Our aim was to identify the socioeconomic and maternal lifestyle factors associated with serum FA concentration in pregnant women. A longitudinal study was conducted on 479 pregnant women, who were assessed during the first (T1) and third (T3) trimesters of pregnancy. Data on maternal characteristics, food consumption, and lifestyle were collected. Serum FA concentrations were analysed by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combination. The multiple linear regression showed that high educational level and older age were significantly associated with higher EPA and DHA concentrations and lower values of n-6/n-3 and arachidonic acid (AA)/EPA in T1 and/or T3. Regarding diet—fish and seafood consumption increased EPA concentration and reduced n-6/n-3 and AA/EPA values in both trimesters, whereas its consumption increased DHA concentration only in T1. Smoking was associated with lower DHA concentration in T1 and higher values of n-6/n-3 ratio in both trimester. Overweight and obesity were associated with higher values of n-6/n-3 ratio and AA/EPA ratio in T1. A statistically non-significant association was observed with saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). In conclusion, high educational levels, older age, fish, seafood consumption, and/or non-smoking, are factors that influence better omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) profile in both trimesters of pregnancy. Further research is needed to go in-depth into these findings and their health consequences.
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Cheatham CL. Nutritional Factors in Fetal and Infant Brain Development. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020; 75 Suppl 1:20-32. [PMID: 32564018 DOI: 10.1159/000508052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fetal and infant brain development determine the trajectory of the organism across the lifespan. Optimal maternal and infant nutrition during the period of rapid brain development is vital to the integrity of the neural substrate for subsequent lifelong functions. The goal of this review is to educate the reader on the effects of fetal and infant nutrition on the developing human brain. A review of the literature reveals 6 nutrients that have been studied with respect to maternal nutrition and subsequent offspring brain development: folate, iodine, iron, vitamin D, choline, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). The research is discussed with a focus on the timing of nutrient needs (preconception, prenatally, and postnatally) as well as potential confounding and unobserved variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L Cheatham
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA,
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