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Grunblatt E, Feinstein MJ. Precision Phenotyping of Heart Failure in People with HIV: Early Insights and Challenges. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024; 21:417-427. [PMID: 38940893 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People with HIV have an elevated risk of developing heart failure even with optimally controlled disease. In this review, we outline the various mechanisms through which HIV infection may directly and indirectly contribute to heart failure pathology and highlight the emerging relationship between HIV, chronic inflammation, and cardiometabolic disease. RECENT FINDINGS HIV infection leads to chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic imbalances even in those with well controlled disease. These dysregulations occur through several diverse mechanisms which may lead to manifestations of different phenotypes of heart failure in people with HIV. While it has long been known that people with HIV are at risk of developing heart failure, recent studies have suggested numerous complex mechanisms involving chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic derangement through which this may be mediated. Further comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate the precise relationship between these mechanisms and the development of different subtypes of heart failure in people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Grunblatt
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E Superior St, Ste 12-758, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthew J Feinstein
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E Superior St, Ste 12-758, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Division of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Hmiel L, Zhang S, Obare LM, Santana MADO, Wanjalla CN, Titanji BK, Hileman CO, Bagchi S. Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7266. [PMID: 39000373 PMCID: PMC11242562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease disproportionately affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) compared to those without. The reasons for the excess risk include dysregulated immune response and inflammation related to HIV infection itself, comorbid conditions, and co-infections. Here, we review an updated understanding of immune and inflammatory pathways underlying atherosclerosis in PLWH, including effects of viral products, soluble mediators and chemokines, innate and adaptive immune cells, and important co-infections. We also present potential therapeutic targets which may reduce cardiovascular risk in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hmiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Suyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Laventa M. Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Boghuma K. Titanji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Corrilynn O. Hileman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Shashwatee Bagchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Wang Q, Han J, Liang Z, Geng X, Du Y, Zhou J, Yao W, Xu T. FSH Is Responsible for Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Associated Atherosclerosis in Mice by Exaggerating Endothelial Inflammation and Monocyte Adhesion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:698-719. [PMID: 38205641 PMCID: PMC10880942 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. But ADTs with orchiectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which appears less significant with GnRH antagonist. The difference of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in ADT modalities is hypothesized to be responsible for ADT-associated cardiovascular diseases. METHODS We administered orchiectomy, GnRH agonist, or GnRH antagonist in male ApoE-/- mice fed with Western diet and manipulated FSH levels by testosterone and FSH supplementation or FSH antibody to investigate the role of FSH elevation on atherosclerosis. By combining lipidomics, in vitro study, and intraluminal FSHR (FSH receptor) inhibition, we delineated the effects of FSH on endothelium and monocytes and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Orchiectomy and GnRH agonist, but not GnRH antagonist, induced long- or short-term FSH elevation and significantly accelerated atherogenesis. In orchiectomized and testosterone-supplemented mice, FSH exposure increased atherosclerosis. In GnRH agonist-treated mice, blocking of short FSH surge by anti-FSHβ antibody greatly alleviated endothelial inflammation and delayed atherogenesis. In GnRH antagonist-treated mice, FSH supplementation aggravated atherogenesis. Mechanistically, FSH, synergizing with TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), exacerbated endothelial inflammation by elevating VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion protein 1) expression through the cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)/c-Jun and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B)/GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta)/GATA-6 (GATA-binding protein 6) pathways. In monocytes, FSH upregulated CD29 (cluster of differentiation 29) expression via the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/SP1 (specificity protein 1) pathway and promoted monocyte-endothelial adhesion both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, FSHR knockdown by shRNA in endothelium of carotid arteries markedly reduced GnRH agonist-induced endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis in mice. CONCLUSIONS FSH is responsible for ADT-associated atherosclerosis by exaggerating endothelial inflammation and promoting monocyte-endothelial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (Q.W.)
| | - Jingli Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
| | - Zhenhui Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Xueyu Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Weijuan Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (W.Y.)
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
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Wang E, Andrade MJ, Smith Q. Vascularized liver-on-a-chip model to investigate nicotine-induced dysfunction. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:064108. [PMID: 38155919 PMCID: PMC10754629 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of physiologically relevant in vitro systems for simulating disease onset and progression and predicting drug metabolism holds tremendous value in reducing drug discovery time and cost. However, many of these platforms lack accuracy in replicating the tissue architecture and multicellular interactions. By leveraging three-dimensional cell culture, biomimetic soft hydrogels, and engineered stimuli, in vitro models have continued to progress. Nonetheless, the incorporation of the microvasculature has been met with many challenges, specifically with the addition of parenchymal cell types. Here, a systematic approach to investigating the initial seeding density of endothelial cells and its effects on interconnected networks was taken and combined with hepatic spheroids to form a liver-on-a-chip model. Leveraging this system, nicotine's effects on microvasculature and hepatic function were investigated. The findings indicated that nicotine led to interrupted adherens junctions, decreased guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 expression, impaired angiogenesis, and lowered barrier function, all key factors in endothelial dysfunction. With the combination of the optimized microvascular networks, a vascularized liver-on-a-chip was formed, providing functional xenobiotic metabolism and synthesis of both albumin and urea. This system provides insight into potential hepatotoxicity caused by various drugs and allows for assessing vascular dysfunction in a high throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Melisa J. Andrade
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Guha D, Misra V, Yin J, Horiguchi M, Uno H, Gabuzda D. Vascular injury markers associated with cognitive impairment in people with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2023; 37:2137-2147. [PMID: 37503603 PMCID: PMC10615701 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent despite viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Vascular disease contributes to HAND, but peripheral markers that distinguish vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) from HIV-related etiologies remain unclear. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of vascular injury, inflammation, and central nervous system (CNS) injury markers in relation to HAND. METHODS Vascular injury (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, CRP), inflammation (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IP-10, MCP-1, VEGF-A), and CNS injury (NFL, total Tau, GFAP, YKL-40) markers were measured in plasma and CSF from 248 individuals (143 HIV+ on suppressive ART and 105 HIV- controls). RESULTS Median age was 53 years, median CD4 + cell count, and duration of HIV infection were 505 cells/μl and 16 years, respectively. Vascular injury, inflammation, and CNS injury markers were increased in HIV+ compared with HIV- individuals ( P < 0.05). HAND was associated with increased plasma VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and YKL-40 ( P < 0.01) and vascular disease ( P = 0.004). In contrast, inflammation markers had no significant association with HAND. Vascular injury markers were associated with lower neurocognitive T scores in age-adjusted models ( P < 0.01). Furthermore, plasma VCAM-1 correlated with NFL ( r = 0.29, P = 0.003). Biomarker clustering separated HAND into three clusters: two clusters with high prevalence of vascular disease, elevated VCAM-1 and NFL, and distinctive inflammation profiles (CRP/ICAM-1/YKL-40 or IL-6/IL-8/IL-15/MCP-1), and one cluster with no distinctive biomarker elevations. CONCLUSIONS Vascular injury markers are more closely related to HAND and CNS injury in PWH on suppressive ART than inflammation markers and may help to distinguish relative contributions of VCI to HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikas Misra
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology
| | - Miki Horiguchi
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Hajime Uno
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Dana Gabuzda
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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White KS, Walker JA, Wang J, Autissier P, Miller AD, Abuelezan NN, Burrack R, Li Q, Kim WK, Williams KC. Simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques with AIDS co-develop cardiovascular pathology and encephalitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240946. [PMID: 37965349 PMCID: PMC10641955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV co-morbidities remain where central nervous system (CNS) neurocognitive disorders and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-pathology that are linked with myeloid activation are most prevalent. Comorbidities such as neurocogntive dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain prevalent among people living with HIV. We sought to investigate if cardiac pathology (inflammation, fibrosis, cardiomyocyte damage) and CNS pathology (encephalitis) develop together during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and if their co-development is linked with monocyte/macrophage activation. We used a cohort of SIV-infected rhesus macaques with rapid AIDS and demonstrated that SIV encephalitis (SIVE) and CVD pathology occur together more frequently than SIVE or CVD pathology alone. Their co-development correlated more strongly with activated myeloid cells, increased numbers of CD14+CD16+ monocytes, plasma CD163 and interleukin-18 (IL-18) than did SIVE or CVD pathology alone, or no pathology. Animals with both SIVE and CVD pathology had greater numbers of cardiac macrophages and increased collagen and monocyte/macrophage accumulation, which were better correlates of CVD-pathology than SIV-RNA. Animals with SIVE alone had higher levels of activated macrophage biomarkers and cardiac macrophage accumulation than SIVnoE animals. These observations were confirmed in HIV infected individuals with HIV encephalitis (HIVE) that had greater numbers of cardiac macrophages and fibrosis than HIV-infected controls without HIVE. These results underscore the notion that CNS and CVD pathologies frequently occur together in HIV and SIV infection, and demonstrate an unmet need for adjunctive therapies targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. White
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Joshua A. Walker
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - John Wang
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Patrick Autissier
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Physiology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nadia N. Abuelezan
- Connel School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Rachel Burrack
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
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Guha D, Misra V, Yin J, Horiguchi M, Uno H, Gabuzda D. Vascular injury markers associated with cognitive impairment in people with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.23.23293053. [PMID: 37546734 PMCID: PMC10402231 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.23.23293053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent despite viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Vascular disease contributes to HAND, but peripheral markers that distinguish vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) from HIV-related etiologies remain unclear. Design Cross-sectional study of vascular injury, inflammation, and central nervous system (CNS) injury markers in relation to HAND. Methods Vascular injury (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, CRP), inflammation (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IP-10, MCP-1, VEGF-A), and CNS injury (NFL, total Tau, GFAP, YKL-40) markers were measured in plasma and CSF from 248 individuals (143 HIV+ on suppressive ART and 105 HIV- controls). Results Median age was 53 years, median CD4 count, and duration of HIV infection were 505 cells/μl and 16 years, respectively. Vascular injury, inflammation, and CNS injury markers were increased in HIV+ compared with HIV- individuals (p<0.05). HAND was associated with increased plasma VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and YKL-40 (p<0.01) and vascular disease (p=0.004). In contrast, inflammation markers had no significant association with HAND. Vascular injury markers were associated with lower neurocognitive T scores in age-adjusted models (p<0.01). Furthermore, plasma VCAM-1 correlated with NFL (r=0.29, p=0.003). Biomarker clustering separated HAND into three clusters: two clusters with high prevalence of vascular disease, elevated VCAM-1 and NFL, and distinctive inflammation profiles (CRP/ICAM-1/YKL-40 or IL-6/IL-8/IL-15/MCP-1), and one cluster with no distinctive biomarker elevations. Conclusions Vascular injury markers are more closely related to HAND and CNS injury in PWH on suppressive ART than inflammation markers and may help to distinguish relative contributions of VCI to HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Guha
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vikas Misra
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miki Horiguchi
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajime Uno
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Gabuzda
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Da Fonseca Ferreira A, Wei J, Zhang L, Macon CJ, Degnan B, Jayaweera D, Hare JM, Kolber MA, Bellio M, Khan A, Pan Y, Dykxhoorn DM, Wang L, Dong C. HIV Promotes Atherosclerosis via Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7567. [PMID: 37108729 PMCID: PMC10146407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at a higher risk of having cerebrocardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to HIV negative (HIVneg) individuals. The mechanisms underlying this elevated risk remains elusive. We hypothesize that HIV infection results in modified microRNA (miR) content in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs), which modulates the functionality of vascular repairing cells, i.e., endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) in humans or lineage negative bone marrow cells (lin- BMCs) in mice, and vascular wall cells. PLHIV (N = 74) have increased atherosclerosis and fewer ECFCs than HIVneg individuals (N = 23). Plasma from PLHIV was fractionated into EVs (HIVposEVs) and plasma depleted of EVs (HIV PLdepEVs). HIVposEVs, but not HIV PLdepEVs or HIVnegEVs (EVs from HIVneg individuals), increased atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice, which was accompanied by elevated senescence and impaired functionality of arterial cells and lin- BMCs. Small RNA-seq identified EV-miRs overrepresented in HIVposEVs, including let-7b-5p. MSC (mesenchymal stromal cell)-derived tailored EVs (TEVs) loaded with the antagomir for let-7b-5p (miRZip-let-7b) counteracted, while TEVs loaded with let-7b-5p recapitulated the effects of HIVposEVs in vivo. Lin- BMCs overexpressing Hmga2 (a let-7b-5p target gene) lacking the 3'UTR and as such is resistant to miR-mediated regulation showed protection against HIVposEVs-induced changes in lin- BMCs in vitro. Our data provide a mechanism to explain, at least in part, the increased CVD risk seen in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Da Fonseca Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jianqin Wei
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lukun Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Conrad J. Macon
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bernard Degnan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dushyantha Jayaweera
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael A. Kolber
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael Bellio
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Aisha Khan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yue Pan
- Biostatistics Division, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Derek M. Dykxhoorn
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Liyong Wang
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chunming Dong
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Miami VA Health System, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
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Hanser S, Mphekgwana PM, Moraba MM, Erasmus L, van Staden M. Increased endothelial biomarkers are associated with HIV antiretroviral therapy and C-reactive protein among a African rural population in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Front Public Health 2022; 10:980754. [PMID: 36407976 PMCID: PMC9672841 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.980754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) endothelial dysfunction (ED) and chronic inflammation in the HIV-positive adults population who are on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are not fully explored. We determined the effect of HAART on chronic inflammation and ED among HAART-exposed adults in a rural setting. Weight and height were measured to quantify the body mass index (BMI). Lipid and Glucose levels were determined. C-reactive protein (CRP), L-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) in serum samples were tested. The majority of the HAART-exposed group were on treatment for <5 years. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecules, sVCAM-1, L-selectin and CRP were elevated in the HIV-infected groups as compared to the control group. The multivariate analysis showed that HIV infection (HAART-naïve) associated with increased sICAM-1 (β = 0.350; 95% CI: 0.035-0.664, p = 0.029) and L-selectin (β = 0.236; 95% CI: 0.038-0.434, p = 0.019) but not sVCAM-1 (β = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.252-0.270, p = 0.468). The HAART-exposed group is associated with sVCAM-1 (β = 0.250; 95% CI: 0.015-0.486, p = 0.037) but not with sICAM-1- (β = 0.253; 95% CI: -0.083-0.590, p = 0.14) and L-selectin (β = 0.119; 95% CI: -0.016-0.253, p = 0.084). sVCAM-1 was associated with decreased alcohol consumption (β = -0.245; 95% CI: -0.469-0.021, p = 0.032) while L-selectin was associated with decreased total cholesterol (β = -0.061; 95% CI: -0.124-0.002, p = 0.05) and increased CRP (β = 0.015; 95% CI: 0.009-0.022, p < 0.001). Increased endothelial biomarkers were associated with HIV disease and HAART in a rural black adult population of African descent after controlling for CVD risk factors. Inflammation (as measured with CRP) may play an important role in endothelial activation. Further studies are needed to explore the association between endothelial dysfunction and inflammation especially among the HIV-positive population on HAART in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Hanser
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa,*Correspondence: Sidney Hanser
| | | | | | - Lourens Erasmus
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Marlise van Staden
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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Schapkaitz E, Jacobson BF, Libhaber E. Pregnancy Related Venous Thromboembolism-Associated with HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy. Semin Thromb Hemost 2022; 49:355-363. [PMID: 36055274 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1754391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pregnancy is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Improved access to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shifted the spectrum of pregnancy-related complications among HIV-infected pregnant women. In addition to placental vascular complications and preterm delivery, increased rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been described. HIV infection is characterized by immune activation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which contribute to the activation of coagulation and its prothrombotic consequences. Indeed, activated coagulation factors have been reported to be increased and natural anticoagulants reduced in HIV. Several mechanisms for this persistent prothrombotic balance on ART have been identified. These may include: co-infections, immune recovery, and loss of the gastrointestinal mucosal integrity with microbial translocation. In addition to the direct effects of HIV and ART, traditional venous and obstetric risk factors also contribute to the risk of VTE. A research priority has been to understand the mechanisms of VTE in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving suppressive ART and to translate this into HIV-specific thromboprophylaxis recommendations. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach and further studies are indicated to guide the prevention and management of pregnancy-associated VTE in this population. The current review describes the epidemiology, mechanisms, and management of VTE in HIV-infected women in pregnancy and the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Schapkaitz
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Barry F Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elena Libhaber
- Department of Research Methodology and Statistics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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11
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Ahmed HA, Mohamed J, Akuku IG, Lee KK, Alam SR, Perel P, Shah J, Ali MK, Eskander S, Chung MH, Shah AS. Cardiovascular risk factors and markers of myocardial injury and inflammation in people living with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya: a pilot cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062352. [PMID: 35667720 PMCID: PMC9171254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and explore associations with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hscTnI) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Kenya. DESIGN Pilot cross-sectional study. SETTING Data were collected from community HIV clinics across two sites in Nairobi, Kenya, from July 2019 to May 2020. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 200 PLHIV (≥30 years with no prior history of CVD). OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and its association with hsTnI and hsCRP levels. RESULTS Across 200 PLHIV (median age 46 years, IQR 38-53; 61% women), the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol >6.1 mmol/L) and hypertension were 19% (n=30/199) and 30% (n=60/200), respectively. Smoking and diabetes prevalence was 3% (n=5/200) and 4% (n=7/200). HscTnI was below the limit of quantification (<2.5 ng/L) in 65% (n=109/169). High (>3 mg/L), intermediate (1-3 mg/L) and low (<1 mg/L) hsCRP levels were found in 38% (n=75/198), 33% (n=65/198) and 29% (n=58/198), respectively. Framingham laboratory-based risk scores classified 83% of PLHIV at low risk with 12% and 5% at intermediate and high risk, respectively. Older age (adjusted OR (aOR) per year increase 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08) and systolic blood pressure (140-159 mm Hg (aOR 2.96; 95% CI 1.09 to 7.90) and >160 mm Hg (aOR 4.68, 95% CI 1.55 to 14) compared with <140 mm Hg) were associated with hscTnI levels. No associations were observed between hsCRP and CVD risk factors. CONCLUSION The majority of PLHIV-using traditional risk estimation systems-have a low estimated CVD risk likely reflecting a younger aged population predominantly consisting of women. Hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were common while smoking and diabetes rates remained low. While hscTnI values were associated with increasing age and raised blood pressure, no associations between hsCRP levels and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Adan Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jeilan Mohamed
- Internal Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaiah G Akuku
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kuan Ken Lee
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shirjel R Alam
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Cardiology, North Bristol Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Pablo Perel
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jasmit Shah
- Internal Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sherry Eskander
- Department of Medicine, Coptic Hospital and Coptic Hope Center for Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael H Chung
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anoop Sv Shah
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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12
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Schapkaitz E, Libhaber E, Jacobson BF, Gerber A, Rhemtula H, Büller HR. Profile of antiphospholipid antibodies in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women with a history of thrombosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:635-642. [PMID: 35132770 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, the association between aPL and the increased risk of thrombosis in HIV requires further clarification. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 215 consecutive women with a history of thrombosis and/or obstetric complications (158 HIV-uninfected and 57 HIV-infected) between July 2017 and March 2021. Participants (n = 215) without clinical criteria manifestations for antiphospholipid syndrome were included as matched controls. Testing for lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta2-glycoprotein1 (aβ2GP1) IgM and IgG was performed. RESULTS Thirty-two (10.1%) HIV-uninfected and 15 (13.2%) HIV-infected participants were positive at baseline for one of the five criteria aPL, with no statistically significant difference. The profile of the HIV-infected participants with thrombosis (n = 11) included LAC in 15.8%, aCL IgG in 3.5% and aβ2GP1 IgG in 1.8%. In contrast, the HIV-infected controls (n = 4), included aCL IgM in 1.8% and aβ2GP1 IgM in 5.3%. Only LAC was significantly associated with thrombosis (p < 0.003). On repeat testing, in a HIV-infected sub-population, 2/7 with thrombosis were positive, while 3/3 controls tested negative. CONCLUSION In contrast to earlier reports, the prevalence and expression of aPL in HIV-infected women with a history of thrombosis in the present study, in the era of antiretroviral therapy, were similar to HIV-uninfected women. Baseline LAC positivity was associated with a significantly increased risk for thrombosis in HIV. Future studies are recommended to explore additional coagulation abnormalities in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Schapkaitz
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elena Libhaber
- HS Research Office and School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Barry F Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annika Gerber
- Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Haroun Rhemtula
- Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Harry R Büller
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Wu YS, Chen CR, Yeh YT, Lin HH, Peng YH, Lin YL. 7,7″-Dimethoxyagastisflavone Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine Release and Inflammatory Cell Recruitment through Modulating ERα Signaling. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121778. [PMID: 34944595 PMCID: PMC8698781 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute systemic inflammatory diseases, including sepsis, usually result in cytokine disorder and multiple-organ failure. 7,7″-Dimethoxyagastisflavone (DMGF), a biflavonoid isolated from the needles of Taxus x media var. Hicksii, has previously been evaluated for its antiproliferative and antineoplastic effects in cancer cells. In this study, the effects of DMGF on the cytokine production and cell migration of inflammatory macrophages were investigated. The inhibition of cytokine and chemokine production by DMGF in LPS-treated macrophages was analyzed by a multiplex cytokine assay. Then, the integrin molecules used for cell adhesion and regulators of actin polymerization were observed by RT-PCR and recorded using confocal imaging. The DMGF interaction with estrogen receptor α (ERα) was modeled structurally by molecular docking and validated by an ERα reporter assay. DMGF inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in LPS-induced macrophages. DMGF also inhibited inflammatory macrophage migration by downregulating the gene and protein expression of adhesion molecules (LFA-1 and VLA4) and regulators of actin assembly (Cdc42-Rac1 pathway). DMGF might interact with the ligand-binding domain of ERα and downregulate its transcriptional activity. These results indicated that DMGF effectively inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of inflammatory cells through downregulating ERα signaling.
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14
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Huaman MA, Feria MG, Kityo C, Nalukwago S, Nazzinda R, Zidar DA, Zanni MV, Siedner MJ, Grinspoon SK, Longenecker CT. A Sex-Stratified Analysis of Monocyte Phenotypes Associated with HIV Infection in Uganda. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112135. [PMID: 34834941 PMCID: PMC8620269 DOI: 10.3390/v13112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with HIV may experience higher rates of non-AIDS comorbidities compared to men with HIV, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated sex-related differences in the effects of HIV on monocyte phenotypes within the Ugandan Study of HIV effects on the Myocardium and Atherosclerosis (mUTIMA). Of 133 participants who provided blood for flow cytometry assays, 86 (65%) were women and 91 (68%) were persons living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy. The median age was 57 (interquartile range, 52–63) years. PLWH exhibited a lower proportion of circulating CD14+CD16- classical monocytes (66.3% vs. 75.1%; p < 0.001), and higher proportion of CD14+CD16+ inflammatory monocytes (17% vs. 11.7%; p = 0.005) compared to HIV-uninfected participants. PLWH had an increased expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in total monocytes (CX3CR1+ monocytes, 24.5% vs. 4.7%; p < 0.001) and monocyte subsets. These findings were generally similar when analyzed by sex, with no significant interactions between sex and HIV status in adjusted models. Our data show that the inflammatory monocyte subset is expanded and monocyte CX3CR1 chemokine receptor expression is enhanced among PLWH, regardless of sex. Whether these parameters differentially affect risk for non-AIDS comorbidities and clinical outcomes in women with HIV requires additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises A. Huaman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel G. Feria
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Cissy Kityo
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala P.O. Box 10005, Uganda; (C.K.); (S.N.); (R.N.)
| | - Sophie Nalukwago
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala P.O. Box 10005, Uganda; (C.K.); (S.N.); (R.N.)
| | - Rashidah Nazzinda
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala P.O. Box 10005, Uganda; (C.K.); (S.N.); (R.N.)
| | - David A. Zidar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (D.A.Z.); (C.T.L.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Markella V. Zanni
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.Z.); (M.J.S.); (S.K.G.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark J. Siedner
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.Z.); (M.J.S.); (S.K.G.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven K. Grinspoon
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.V.Z.); (M.J.S.); (S.K.G.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chris T. Longenecker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (D.A.Z.); (C.T.L.)
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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15
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Auma AWN, Shive C, Damjanovska S, Kowal C, Cohen DE, Bhattacharya D, Alston-Smith B, Osborne M, Kalayjian R, Balagopal A, Sulkowski M, Wyles D, Anthony DD. T-cell Activation Is Correlated With Monocyte Activation in HCV/HIV Coinfection and Declines During HCV Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab079. [PMID: 33880389 PMCID: PMC8043262 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune activation markers associate with morbidity and mortality in HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We investigated how T-cell and monocyte activation are related over the course of HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy during HCV/HIV coinfection. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5329 participants and a single-site separate cohort treated with DAAs were analyzed for central memory (CM)/effector memory (EM) T-cell subsets, monocyte subsets, and cell activation (CD38 and HLA-DR expression) before, during, and after therapy. RESULTS Before therapy, classical and inflammatory monocyte subset HLA-DR expression positively correlated with absolute counts and frequencies of CD38+HLA-DR+-expressing CD4+ and CD8 T cells and corresponding CM and EM subsets. After therapy initiation, CD38+HLA-DR+ co-expression on CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells decreased by 12 weeks and 36 weeks, and plasma sCD14 positively correlated with CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4+ and CD4+CM T-cell frequencies. Monocyte subset activation remained similar over time. CONCLUSIONS During HCV/HIV coinfection, memory T-cell activation is associated with monocyte subset activation, consistent with related underlying mechanisms. Following therapy initiation, memory T-cell, but not monocyte, activation decreased. Residual CD4+ T-cell activation after therapy completion is associated with sCD14, potentially linking the remaining CD4+ T-cell activation to residual factors driving activation in antiretroviral therapy-controlled HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann W N Auma
- Department of Pathology, VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carey Shive
- Department of Pathology, VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sofi Damjanovska
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Corinne Kowal
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Debika Bhattacharya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Melissa Osborne
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Kalayjian
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Sulkowski
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Wyles
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Donald D Anthony
- Department of Pathology, VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- ACTG Immunology Support Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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16
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Maggi P, Ricci E, Messina V, Salzillo A, Simeone F, Iodice A, Socio GV. Dangerous liaisons? The role of inflammation and comorbidities in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:201-208. [PMID: 33538189 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1886080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In people living with HIV (PLWH), immune activation and inflammation levels are high even when viral suppression is maintained, potentially contributing to several comorbidities, and hampering the immune response to infections such as the recent SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19). AREAS COVERED Immune activation and inflammation play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe COVID-19 patients may experience cytokine release syndrome (CRS), leading to alveolar damage, pulmonary fibrinolysis, dysregulated coagulation, and pulmonary injury. Into the systemic circulation, cytokines in excess might leak out of pulmonary circulation, causing systemic symptoms and possibly a multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome. Preexisting comorbidities are also linked to worse COVID-19 outcome: studies suggest that diabetes and hypertension are linked to higher mortality rates. Such comorbidities are more frequent in PLWH, but it is unclear if they have worse outcomes in the case of COVID-19. The literature was searched in PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE, and manually in COVID-19 resources. EXPERT OPINION A body of evidence shows that HIV and SARS-CoV-2 are able to activate inflammatory pathways, acute in the case of SARS-CoV-2, chronic in the case of HIV, while the comorbidities seem to represent, in the first case, a contributory cause, in the second an effect of the virus-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maggi
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Ricci
- Fondazione A.S.I.A. Onlus, Buccinasco, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Messina
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN S.Anna and S.Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Salzillo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN S.Anna and S.Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
| | - Filomena Simeone
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN S.Anna and S.Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
| | - Angelo Iodice
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN S.Anna and S.Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vittorio Socio
- Department of Medicine 2, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera Di Perugia and University of Perugia, Santa Maria Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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Bowman ER, Cameron CM, Richardson B, Kulkarni M, Gabriel J, Cichon MJ, Riedl KM, Mustafa Y, Cartwright M, Snyder B, Raman SV, Zidar DA, Koletar SL, Playford MP, Mehta NN, Sieg SF, Freeman ML, Lederman MM, Cameron MJ, Funderburg NT. Macrophage maturation from blood monocytes is altered in people with HIV, and is linked to serum lipid profiles and activation indices: A model for studying atherogenic mechanisms. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008869. [PMID: 33002093 PMCID: PMC7553323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Proportions of vascular homing monocytes are enriched in PWH; however, little is known regarding monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) that may drive atherosclerosis in this population. We isolated PBMCs from people with and without HIV, and cultured these cells for 5 days in medium containing autologous serum to generate MDMs. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis of MDMs from PWH identified broad alterations in innate immune signaling (IL-1β, TLR expression, PPAR βδ) and lipid processing (LXR/RXR, ACPP, SREBP1). Transcriptional changes aligned with the functional capabilities of these cells. Expression of activation markers and innate immune receptors (CD163, TLR4, and CD300e) was altered on MDMs from PWH, and these cells produced more TNFα, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) than did cells from people without HIV. MDMs from PWH also had greater lipid accumulation and uptake of oxidized LDL. PWH had increased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and ceramides, with enrichment of saturated FAs and a reduction in polyunsaturated FAs. Levels of lipid classes and species that are associated with CVD correlated with unique DGE signatures and altered metabolic pathway activation in MDMs from PWH. Here, we show that MDMs from PWH display a pro-atherogenic phenotype; they readily form foam cells, have altered transcriptional profiles, and produce mediators that likely contribute to accelerated ASCVD. People with HIV (PWH) are at greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general public, but the mechanisms underlying this increased risk are poorly understood. Macrophages play key roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we investigate phenotypic and functional abnormalities in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) isolated from PWH that may drive CVD risk in this population. MDMs were differentiated in the presence of autologous serum, enabling us to explore the contributions of serum components (lipids, inflammatory cytokines, microbial products) as drivers of altered MDM function. We link serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and CVD-associated lipid species to MDM activation. Our study provides new insight into drivers of pro-atherogenic MDM phenotype in PWH, and identifies directions for future study and potential intervention strategies to mitigate CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Bowman
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Manjusha Kulkarni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Janelle Gabriel
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Morgan J. Cichon
- Department of Food Science & Technology and the Nutrient & Phytochemical Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. Riedl
- Department of Food Science & Technology and the Nutrient & Phytochemical Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yousef Mustafa
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael Cartwright
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brandon Snyder
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Subha V. Raman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David A. Zidar
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Koletar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Martin P. Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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18
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Temu TM, Polyak SJ, Zifodya JS, Wanjalla CN, Koethe JR, Masyuko S, Nyabiage J, Kinuthia J, Gervassi AL, Oyugi J, Page S, Farquhar C. Endothelial Dysfunction Is Related to Monocyte Activation in Antiretroviral-Treated People With HIV and HIV-Negative Adults in Kenya. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa425. [PMID: 33094120 PMCID: PMC7568437 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual monocyte activation may contribute to increased risk for endothelial dysfunction and subsequent atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We examined the relationship between monocyte activation and endothelial activation in PWH in Kenya. METHODS Serum levels of markers of endothelial activation (soluble/circulating intercellular [sICAM-1] and vascular [sVCAM-1] cell adhesion molecule-1), intestinal barrier dysfunction (intestinal fatty acid binding protein [I-FABP]), and monocyte activation (soluble CD14 [sCD14]) were measured in 275 PWH on ART and 266 HIV-negative persons. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations, adjusting for demographic and traditional CVD risk factors. RESULTS Among 541 participants, the median age was 43 years, 50% were female, and most PWH were virally suppressed (97%). sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels were significantly higher in PWH than in HIV-negative participants (P < .001 for both). After further adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors, HIV infection remained associated with 49% (95% CI, 33% to 67%) greater sICAM-1 and 30% (95% CI, 14% to 48%) greater sVCAM-1 relative to uninfected controls. Adjustment for sCD14 substantially attenuated the difference between PWH and HIV-negative individuals. In a stratified analysis of PWH, both sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were positively associated with sCD14 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Despite viral suppression, African PWH have evidence of enhanced endothelial activation associated with sCD14, suggesting that monocyte activation plays a role in atherosclerotic plaque development. Future studies are needed to determine mechanistic pathways leading to monocyte activation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tecla M Temu
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen J Polyak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jerry S Zifodya
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - John R Koethe
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah Masyuko
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jerusha Nyabiage
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Kinuthia
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ana L Gervassi
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julius Oyugi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephanie Page
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Panigrahi S, Chen B, Fang M, Potashnikova D, Komissarov AA, Lebedeva A, Michaelson GM, Wyrick JM, Morris SR, Sieg SF, Paiardini M, Villinger FJ, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Cameron MJ, Cameron CM, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Younes SA, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. CX3CL1 and IL-15 Promote CD8 T cell chemoattraction in HIV and in atherosclerosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008885. [PMID: 32976527 PMCID: PMC7540902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains an important cause of morbidity in the general population and risk for ASCVD is increased approximately 2-fold in persons living with HIV infection (PLWH). This risk is linked to elevated CD8 T cell counts that are abundant in atherosclerotic plaques and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis yet the mechanisms driving T cell recruitment to and activation within plaques are poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of CD8 T cells in atherosclerosis in a non-human primate model of HIV infection and in the HIV-uninfected elderly; we sought to identify factors that promote the activation, function, and recruitment to endothelium of CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells. We measured elevated expression of CX3CL1 and IL-15, and increased CD8 T cell numbers in the aortas of rhesus macaques infected with SIV or SHIV, and demonstrated similar findings in atherosclerotic vessels of HIV-uninfected humans. We found that recombinant TNF enhanced the production and release of CX3CL1 and bioactive IL-15 from aortic endothelial cells, but not from aortic smooth muscle cells. IL-15 in turn promoted CX3CR1 surface expression on and TNF synthesis by CD8 T cells, and IL-15-treated CD8 T cells exhibited enhanced CX3CL1-dependent chemoattraction toward endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, we show that CD8 T cells in human atherosclerotic plaques have an activated, resident phenotype consistent with in vivo IL-15 and CX3CL1 exposure. In this report, we define a novel model of CD8 T cell involvement in atherosclerosis whereby CX3CL1 and IL-15 operate in tandem within the vascular endothelium to promote infiltration by activated CX3CR1+ memory CD8 T cells that drive further endothelial activation via TNF. We propose that these interactions are prevalent in aging and in PLWH, populations where circulating activated CX3CR1+ CD8 T cell numbers are often expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gillian M. Michaelson
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Wyrick
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Morris
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Francois J. Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States of America
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Vikram S. Kashyap
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David A. Zidar
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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20
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Ehinger E, Ghosheh Y, Pramod AB, Lin J, Hanna DB, Mueller K, Durant CP, Baas L, Qi Q, Wang T, Buscher K, Anastos K, Lazar JM, Mack WJ, Tien PC, Cohen MH, Ofotokun I, Gange S, Heath SL, Hodis HN, Tracy RP, Landay AL, Kaplan RC, Ley K. Classical monocyte transcriptomes reveal significant anti-inflammatory statin effect in women with chronic HIV. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1166-1177. [PMID: 32658258 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS During virally suppressed chronic HIV infection, persistent inflammation contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major comorbidity in people living with HIV (LWH). Classical blood monocytes (CMs) remain activated during antiretroviral therapy and are a major source of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factors that contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development and instability. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we identify transcriptomic changes in circulating CMs in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study, selected by HIV and subclinical CVD (sCVD) status. We flow-sorted CM from participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study and deep-sequenced their mRNA (n = 92). CMs of HIV+ participants showed elevated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-12β, overlapping with many transcripts identified in sCVD+ participants. In sCVD+ participants LWH, those reporting statin use showed reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression to a level comparable with healthy (HIV-sCVD-) participants. Statin non-users maintained an elevated inflammatory profile and increased cytokine production. CONCLUSION Statin therapy has been associated with a lower risk of cardiac events, such as myocardial infarction in the general population, but not in those LWH. Our data suggest that women LWH may benefit from statin therapy even in the absence of overt CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ehinger
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Akula Bala Pramod
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Juan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David B Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Karin Mueller
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher P Durant
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Livia Baas
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Konrad Buscher
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jason M Lazar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Department of Medicine and Medical Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mardge H Cohen
- Department of Medicine, John Stroger Hospital and Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Igho Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division and Grady Health Care System, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Gange
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonya L Heath
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Departments of Medicine and Preventative Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle WA 98109, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Gabuzda D, Jamieson BD, Collman RG, Lederman MM, Burdo TH, Deeks SG, Dittmer DP, Fox HS, Funderburg NT, Pahwa SG, Pandrea I, Wilson CC, Hunt PW. Pathogenesis of Aging and Age-related Comorbidities in People with HIV: Highlights from the HIV ACTION Workshop. Pathog Immun 2020; 5:143-174. [PMID: 32856008 PMCID: PMC7449259 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v5i1.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) experience accentuated biological aging, as defined by markers of inflammation, immune dysfunction, and the epigenetic clock. They also have an elevated risk of multiple age-associated comorbidities. To discuss current knowledge, research gaps, and priorities in aging and age-related comorbidities in treated HIV infection, the NIH program staff organized a workshop held in Bethesda, Maryland in September 2019. This review article describes highlights of discussions led by the Pathogenesis/Basic Science Research working group that focused on three high priority topics: immunopathogenesis; the microbiome/virome; and aging and senescence. We summarize knowledge in these fields and describe key questions for research on the pathogenesis of aging and age-related comorbidities in PWH. Understanding the drivers and mechanisms underlying accentuated biological aging is a high priority that will help identify potential therapeutic targets to improve healthspan in older PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gabuzda
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beth D Jamieson
- Department of Medicine; David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles, California
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Department of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Neuroscience; Lewis Katz School of Medicine; Temple University; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco, California
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus, Ohio
| | - Savita G Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami, Florida
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cara C Wilson
- Department of Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco, California
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22
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Chen B, Morris SR, Panigrahi S, Michaelson GM, Wyrick JM, Komissarov AA, Potashnikova D, Lebedeva A, Younes SA, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Zidar DA, Sieg SF, Shive CL, Funderburg NT, Gianella S, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Cytomegalovirus Coinfection Is Associated with Increased Vascular-Homing CD57 + CD4 T Cells in HIV Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:2722-2733. [PMID: 32229536 PMCID: PMC7315224 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4 T cells are linked to cardiovascular morbidities and accumulate in both HIV and CMV infections, both of which are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we identify CMV coinfection as a major driver of the cytotoxic phenotype, characterized by elevated CD57 expression and reduced CD28 expression, in circulating CD4 T cells from people living with HIV infection, and investigate potential mechanisms linking this cell population to CVD. We find that human CD57+ CD4 T cells express high levels of the costimulatory receptor CD2 and that CD2/LFA-3 costimulation results in a more robust and polyfunctional effector response to TCR signals, compared with CD28-mediated costimulation. CD57+ CD4 T cells also express the vascular endothelium-homing receptor CX3CR1 and migrate toward CX3CL1-expressing endothelial cells in vitro. IL-15 promotes the cytotoxic phenotype, elevates CX3CR1 expression, and enhances the trafficking of CD57+ CD4 T cells to endothelium and may therefore be important in linking these cells to cardiovascular complications. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of activated CD57+ CD4 T cells and expression of CX3CL1 and LFA-3 in atherosclerotic plaque tissues from HIV-uninfected donors. Our findings are consistent with a model in which cytotoxic CD4 T cells contribute to CVD in HIV/CMV coinfection and in atherosclerosis via CX3CR1-mediated trafficking and CD2/LFA-3-mediated costimulation. This study identifies several targets for therapeutic interventions and may help bridge the gap in understanding how CMV infection and immunity are linked to increased cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Stephen R Morris
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Gillian M Michaelson
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jonathan M Wyrick
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Alexey A Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Vikram S Kashyap
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David A Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Carey L Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Sara Gianella
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106;
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23
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Mayne ES, Moabi H, Grobbee DE, Barth RE, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Stevens WS, Vos AG, Louw S. The Utility of the Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2) Assay in Detecting Abnormalities in Lipid Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk in an HIV-Infected South African Cohort. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2020; 25:1076029619883944. [PMID: 31686546 PMCID: PMC7019388 DOI: 10.1177/1076029619883944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) have an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
compared to uninfected patients. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
(Lp-PLA2) catalyzes the synthesis of pro-inflammatory lipids that recruit
monocytes. Current guidelines for assessing cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients
suggest that Lp-PLA2 may be a useful surrogate marker for CVD health in this
patient population. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, lipids, glucose,
physical parameters, and carotid intimal–medial thickness (CIMT) were measured in 98
participants (49 HIV-uninfected, 27 antiretroviral therapy [ART]-naive PWH, and 22
ART-treated PWH). HIV viral load (VL) and CD4+ T-cell count were measured in HIV-infected
participants. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 was increased in
participants on protease inhibitor (PI) ART (median 50.5 vs 127.0 nmol/mL,
P = .05) and correlated with age, body mass index, and cholesterol.
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 was not related to Framingham risk
score or CIMT but correlated directly with VL (r = .323,
P = .025) and inversely with CD4+ T-cell count (r =
−.727, P < .001). Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
was increased in HIV-infected participants on PIs and correlated strongly with VL and CD4+
T-cell count suggesting that HIV-associated inflammation is linked to increased
Lp-PLA2, providing a mechanistic link between HIV and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Mayne
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hellen Moabi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roos E Barth
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kersten Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wendy S Stevens
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alinda G Vos
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Susan Louw
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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24
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Freeman ML, Panigrahi S, Chen B, Juchnowski S, Sieg SF, Lederman MM, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA. CD8+ T-Cell-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Can Induce Tissue Factor Expression on Monocytes. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:73-77. [PMID: 30698729 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating CD8+ T cells and monocytes are activated during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and colocalize in the aortas of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected nonhuman primates. We hypothesized that CD8+ T cells could exert a proatherosclerotic effect via paracrine actions on monocytes. We found that T-cell receptor-stimulated CD8+ T cells induce monocytes to express tissue factor, a potent activator of coagulation. Tumor necrosis factor was both necessary and sufficient for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Steven Juchnowski
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David A Zidar
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland
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25
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Yadav A, Kossenkov AV, Knecht VR, Showe LC, Ratcliffe SJ, Montaner LJ, Tebas P, Collman RG. Evidence for Persistent Monocyte and Immune Dysregulation After Prolonged Viral Suppression Despite Normalization of Monocyte Subsets, sCD14 and sCD163 in HIV-Infected Individuals. Pathog Immun 2019; 4:324-362. [PMID: 31893252 PMCID: PMC6930814 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v4i2.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (HIV/ART) experience excess non-AIDS comorbidities, and also remain at increased risk for certain infections and viral malignancies. Monocytes/macrophages are central to many of these comorbidities, and elevated plasma cytokines and immune activation during untreated infection are often incompletely reversed by ART and are also associated with comorbidities. METHODS We investigated monocyte surface markers, gene expression, and plasma cytokines in 11 HIV-infected older individuals (median 53 years) who started therapy with low CD4 counts (median 129 cells/µl), with elevated hsCRP (≥ 2mg/L) despite long-term ART (median 7.4 years), along with matched controls. RESULTS Frequency of monocyte subsets (based on CD14/CD16/CD163), were not different from controls, but surface expression of CD163 was increased (P = 0.021) while PD1 was decreased (P = 0.013) along with a trend for higher tissue factor (P = 0.096). As a group, HIV/ART participants had elevated plasma CCL2 (MCP-1; P = 0.0001), CXCL9 (MIG; P = 0.04), and sIL2R (P = 0.015), which were correlated, while sCD14 was not elevated. Principal component analysis of soluble markers revealed that 6/11 HIV/ART participants clustered with controls, while 5 formed a distinct group, driven by IL-10, CCL11, CXCL10, CCL2, CXCL9, and sIL2R. These individuals were significantly older than those clustering with controls. Transcriptomic analysis revealed multiple genes linked to immune functions including inflammation, immune cell development, and cell-cell signaling that were downregulated in HIV/ART monocytes and distinct from patterns in untreated subjects. CONCLUSIONS Long-term ART-treated individuals normalize monocyte subsets but exhibit immune dysregulation involving both aberrant inflammation and monocyte dysfunction, as well as inter-individual heterogeneity, suggesting complex mechanisms linking monocytes and HIV/ART comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Yadav
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Vincent R Knecht
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Sarah J Ratcliffe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Pablo Tebas
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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26
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Yu X, Shang H, Jiang Y. ICAM-1 in HIV infection and underlying mechanisms. Cytokine 2019; 125:154830. [PMID: 31491723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a glycoprotein that participates in inflammatory and immune responses. Both cell surface and soluble ICAM-1 are significantly increased during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and ICAM-1 has important functions in promoting inflammatory responses and enhancing HIV infectivity; however, a comprehensive summary these roles has yet to be elaborated. In this review we describe the general biological characteristics of ICAM-1, its association with HIV disease progression and promotion of HIV production, mechanisms inducing upregulation of ICAM-1, and possible intervention strategies, representing important insights in the context of HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Mayne ES, Louw S. Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Vascular Disease. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz303. [PMID: 31737735 PMCID: PMC6847507 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, venous thrombosis, and microvascular disease in people with HIV (PWH) is predicted to increase in an aging HIV-infected population. Endothelial damage and dysfunction is a risk factor for cardiovascular events in PWH and is characterized by impaired vascular relaxation and decreased nitric oxide availability. Vascular disease has been attributed to direct viral effects, opportunistic infections, chronic inflammation, effects of antiretroviral therapy, and underlying comorbid conditions, like hypertension and use of tobacco. Although biomarkers have been examined to predict and prognosticate thrombotic and cardiovascular disease in this population, more comprehensive validation of risk factors is necessary to ensure patients are managed appropriately. This review examines the pathogenesis of vascular disease in PWH and summarizes the biomarkers used to predict vascular disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Mayne
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service
| | - Susan Louw
- Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bowman ER, Kulkarni M, Gabriel J, Cichon MJ, Riedl K, Belury MA, Lake JE, Richardson B, Cameron C, Cameron M, Koletar SL, Lederman MM, Sieg SF, Funderburg NT. Altered Lipidome Composition Is Related to Markers of Monocyte and Immune Activation in Antiretroviral Therapy Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and in Uninfected Persons. Front Immunol 2019; 10:785. [PMID: 31040846 PMCID: PMC6477036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have both been linked to dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Alterations in the composition of saturated (SaFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids are related to inflammation and CVD progression in HIV-uninfected (HIV-) populations. The relationships among the lipidome and markers of monocyte and immune activation in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals are not well understood. Methods: Concentrations of serum lipids and their fatty acid composition were measured by direct infusion-tandem mass spectrometry in samples from 20 ART-treated HIV+ individuals and 20 HIV- individuals. Results: HIV+ individuals had increased levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) with enrichment of SaFAs, including palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), and these levels were directly associated with markers of monocyte (CD40, HLA-DR, TLR4, CD36) and serum inflammation (LBP, CRP). PUFA levels were reduced significantly in HIV+ individuals, and many individual PUFA species levels were inversely related to markers of monocyte activation, such as tissue factor, TLR4, CD69, and SR-A. Also in HIV+ individuals, the composition of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was enriched for SaFAs; LPC species containing SaFAs were directly associated with IL-6 levels and monocyte activation. We similarly observed direct relationships between levels of SaFAs and inflammation in HIV uninfected individuals. Further, SaFA exposure altered monocyte subset phenotypes and inflammatory cytokine production in vitro. Conclusions: The lipidome is altered in ART-treated HIV infection, and may contribute to inflammation and CVD progression. Detailed lipidomic analyses may better assess CVD risk in both HIV+ and HIV- individuals than does traditional lipid profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Bowman
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Manjusha Kulkarni
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Janelle Gabriel
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Morgan J Cichon
- Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolomics for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth Riedl
- Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolomics for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Cheryl Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Susan L Koletar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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29
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Liu D, Zeinolabediny Y, Caccuri F, Ferris G, Fang WH, Weston R, Krupinski J, Colombo L, Salmona M, Corpas R, Sarroca S, Sanfeliu C, Caruso A, Guo B, Zeng X, Slevin M. p17 from HIV induces brain endothelial cell angiogenesis through EGFR-1-mediated cell signalling activation. J Transl Med 2019; 99:180-190. [PMID: 30390010 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in HIV patients substantially reduces their quality of life. We previously showed that the HIV matrix protein, p17 could stimulate lymph-angiogenesis in vitro potentially contributing to lymphoma tumour growth and in addition is associated with vascular activation in neuro-degenerating brain tissue; here, therefore, we have investigated the detailed molecular mechanisms of this action. We performed in vitro cell culture, angiogenesis experiments, phospho-protein microarrays and Western blotting to identify cellular signalling induced by p17 within human brain endothelial cells (HbMEC), and inhibitor studies to block p17-induced vascular growth. We also characterised the effects of hippocampal CA1 injection of p17 on epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (EGFR1) expression linked to our murine model of dementia. p17 strongly induced angiogenesis of HbMEC (migration, tube formation and spheroid growth). p17 concomitantly increased phosphorylation of EGFR1 as well as down-stream intermediates ERK1/2, FAK, PLC-γ and PKC-β whilst an inhibitor peptide of EGFR, blocked cell signalling and angiogenesis. Finally, Mice that showed reduced cognitive function and behavioural deficiencies after p17 injection, demonstrated that p17 localised in cortical microvessels and also neurones many of which stained positive for p-EGFR1 by histology/IHC. This work provides strong support that p17 may be involved in initiating and/or perpetuating vascular tissue pathophysiology associated with comorbidity in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Yasmin Zeinolabediny
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy
| | - Glenn Ferris
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ria Weston
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jerzy Krupinski
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Department of Neurology, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Ruben Corpas
- Instituto De Investigaciones Biomedicas De Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Sarroca
- Instituto De Investigaciones Biomedicas De Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Instituto De Investigaciones Biomedicas De Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | | | - Mark Slevin
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK. .,University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania. .,Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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30
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Wu YQ, Cheng SY, Xu XC, Li WC. Association between CD14 rs2569190 C>T polymorphism and ischemic stroke susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 5,277 subjects. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:47-55. [PMID: 30613146 PMCID: PMC6306072 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s185313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that CD14 rs2569190 C>T polymorphism plays an important role in ischemic stroke (IS) risk, but the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the association between CD14 rs2569190 C>T polymorphism and IS susceptibility. METHODS Online databases were searched from inception up to July 1, 2018, for studies concerning CD14 rs2569190 C>T polymorphism and its association with IS susceptibility. ORs and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated in the genetic models of each polymorphism locus with Stata Version 14.0. Furthermore, heterogeneity, meta-regression, accumulative analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were examined. RESULTS Overall, 10 observed studies involving 5,277 subjects were included in this meta-analysis on CD14 rs2569190 C>T polymorphism. Generally, no significant associations were found between CD14 rs2569190 C>T polymorphism and IS risk (allele contrast of T vs C: OR =1.03, 95% CI =0.96-1.12, P=0.41, I2=27.8%; co-dominant models of CT vs CC: OR =1.01, 95% CI =0.81-1.25, P=0.95, I2=51.9%; co-dominant models of TT vs CC: OR =1.04, 95% CI =0.89-1.22, P=0.62, I2=25.1%; dominant model of CT + TT vs CC: OR =1.02, 95% CI =0.84-1.25, P=0.82, I2=51.4%; recessive model of TT vs CC + CT: OR =1.07, 95% CI =0.95-1.22, P=0.28, I2=0%), similar to the results in the subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION The current evidence indicated that CD14 rs2569190 C>T polymorphism was not a critical risk factor for IS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Shi-Yan Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou 441300, China
| | - Xian-Cheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Wen-Cui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China,
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31
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Pigs Lacking the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich Domain 5 of CD163 Are Resistant to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00415-18. [PMID: 29925651 PMCID: PMC6069206 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00415-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has a narrow host cell tropism, limited to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. CD163 protein is expressed at high levels on the surface of specific macrophage types, and a soluble form is circulating in blood. CD163 has been described as a fusion receptor for PRRSV, with the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain 5 (SRCR5) region having been shown to be the interaction site for the virus. As reported previously, we have generated pigs in which exon 7 of the CD163 gene has been deleted using CRISPR/Cas9 editing in pig zygotes. These pigs express CD163 protein lacking SRCR5 (ΔSRCR5 CD163) and show no adverse effects when maintained under standard husbandry conditions. Not only was ΔSRCR5 CD163 detected on the surface of macrophage subsets, but the secreted, soluble protein can also be detected in the serum of the edited pigs, as shown here by a porcine soluble CD163-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Previous results showed that primary macrophage cells from ΔSRCR5 CD163 animals are resistant to PRRSV-1 subtype 1, 2, and 3 as well as PRRSV-2 infection in vitro Here, ΔSRCR5 pigs were challenged with a highly virulent PRRSV-1 subtype 2 strain. In contrast to the wild-type control group, ΔSRCR5 pigs showed no signs of infection and no viremia or antibody response indicative of a productive infection. Histopathological analysis of lung and lymph node tissue showed no presence of virus-replicating cells in either tissue. This shows that ΔSRCR5 pigs are fully resistant to infection by the virus.IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) is the etiological agent of PRRS, causing late-term abortions, stillbirths, and respiratory disease in pigs, incurring major economic losses to the worldwide pig industry. The virus is highly mutagenic and can be divided into two species, PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2, each containing several subtypes. Current control strategies mainly involve biosecurity measures, depopulation, and vaccination. Vaccines are at best only partially protective against infection with heterologous subtypes and sublineages, and modified live vaccines have frequently been reported to revert to virulence. Here, we demonstrate that a genetic-control approach results in complete resistance to PRRSV infection in vivo CD163 is edited so as to remove the viral interaction domain while maintaining protein expression and biological function, averting any potential adverse effect associated with protein knockout. This research demonstrates a genetic-control approach with potential benefits in animal welfare as well as to the pork industry.
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32
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Jaureguiberry-Bravo M, Lopez L, Berman JW. Frontline Science: Buprenorphine decreases CCL2-mediated migration of CD14 + CD16 + monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1049-1059. [PMID: 29791013 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0118-015r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection of the CNS causes neuroinflammation and damage that contributes to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in greater than 50% of HIV-infected individuals, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Opioid abuse is a major risk factor for HIV infection. It has been shown that opioids can contribute to increased HIV CNS pathogenesis, in part, by modulating the function of immune cells. HIV enters the CNS within two weeks after peripheral infection by transmigration of infected monocytes across the blood brain barrier (BBB). CD14+ CD16+ monocytes are a mature subpopulation that is increased in number in the peripheral blood of HIV-infected people. Mature monocytes can be productively infected with HIV, and they transmigrate preferentially across the BBB in response to CCL2, a chemokine elevated in the CNS and CSF of HIV-infected people even with ART. Buprenorphine, an opioid derivate, is an opioid replacement therapy for heroin addiction. It is a partial agonist of μ-opioid receptor and full antagonist of κ-opioid receptor. The effects of buprenorphine on CCL2-mediated CD14+ CD16+ monocytes transmigration across the BBB, a critical mechanism that promotes neuroinflammation and HAND, have not been characterized. We showed for the first time that buprenorphine decreases several steps of CCL2-mediated human mature monocyte transmigration. We propose that buprenorphine treatment in the context of HIV infection could serve a dual purpose, to treat opioid addiction and also to reduce neuroinflammation. Additionally, buprenorphine may be used as a treatment for HAND not only in the context of opioid abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lillie Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Joan W Berman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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33
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CXCR7/ACKR3-targeting ligands interfere with X7 HIV-1 and HIV-2 entry and replication in human host cells. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00557. [PMID: 29560468 PMCID: PMC5857896 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are considered the main coreceptors for initial HIV infection, replication and transmission, and subsequent AIDS progression. Over the years, other chemokine receptors, belonging to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, have also been identified as candidate coreceptors for HIV entry into human host cells. Amongst them, CXCR7, also known as atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), was suggested as a coreceptor candidate capable of facilitating both HIV-1 and HIV-2 entry in vitro. In this study, a cellular infection model was established to further decipher the role of CXCR7 as an HIV coreceptor. Using this model, CXCR7-mediated viral entry was demonstrated for several clinical HIV isolates as well as laboratory strains. Of interest, the X4-tropic HIV-1 HE strain showed rapid adaptation towards CXCR7-mediated infection after continuous passaging on CD4- and CXCR7-expressing cells. Furthermore, we uncovered anti-CXCR7 monoclonal antibodies, small molecule CXCR7 inhibitors and the natural CXCR7 chemokine ligands as potent inhibitors of CXCR7 receptor-mediated HIV entry and replication. Even though the clinical relevance of CXCR7-mediated HIV infection remains poorly understood, our data suggest that divergent HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains can quickly adapt their coreceptor usage depending on the cellular environment, which warrants further investigation.
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34
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Douglas SD, Spitsin S. Editorial: Gateway to monocyte entry into the brain: CXCR7, the new orchestra conductor. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1155-1157. [PMID: 29093133 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ce0717-273r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Douglas
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA and .,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sergei Spitsin
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA and
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35
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Belury MA, Bowman E, Gabriel J, Snyder B, Kulkarni M, Palettas M, Mo X, Lake JE, Zidar D, Sieg SF, Rodriguez B, Playford MP, Andrade A, Kuritzkes DR, Mehta NN, Lederman MM, Funderburg NT. Prospective Analysis of Lipid Composition Changes with Antiretroviral Therapy and Immune Activation in Persons Living with HIV. Pathog Immun 2017; 2:376-403. [PMID: 29098203 PMCID: PMC5663243 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v2i3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid profiles are altered by HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among HIV-uninfected (HIV-) populations the concentrations of various lipid classes (ie, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, LPC) and their saturated (SaFA), mono-unsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition are related to cardiometabolic disease risk. Associations between changes in the lipidome and immune activation in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals beginning ART have not been described. Methods Plasma lipid concentrations and their fatty acid composition were measured by differential mobility spectroscopy in samples from 35 treatment-naive HIV+ participants beginning raltegravir (RAL)-based ART and from HIV- individuals (n = 13) matched for age and sex. Results The levels of SaFA, including palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acid were enriched in HIV+ participants (pre- and post-ART), and SaFA levels were often positively correlated with levels of immune activation (ie, IL-6, sCD14, and TNFR1) at baseline and week 48. Levels of PUFAs (including 18:3, 20:4, and 20:5) were lower in HIV+ participants at baseline compared to levels in HIV- participants (P < 0.01), and levels of these PUFAs were increased following 48 weeks of ART. Levels of PUFAs were often inversely related to immune activation. Levels of LPC were increased in HIV+ participants, both pre- and post-ART vs HIV- participants, and the composition of LPC was enriched for SaFAs among HIV+ individuals. At week 48, several LPC molecules containing SaFAs were positively correlated with levels of sCD14, D-dimer, and TNFR1 (P < 0.01), and levels of PUFA-containing LPC (18:3, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6) were positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts and inversely correlated with sCD14 and IL-6 (P < 0.01). Conclusions The composition of the lipidome is altered in HIV infection and changes when ART is administered. Alterations in SaFAs were generally associated with inflammatory markers and may contribute to comorbid disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emily Bowman
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Janelle Gabriel
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brandon Snyder
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Manjusha Kulkarni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marilly Palettas
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jordan E Lake
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Zidar
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel R Kuritzkes
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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36
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Macrophages and Phospholipases at the Intersection between Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071390. [PMID: 28661459 PMCID: PMC5535883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent low grade immune activation and chronic inflammation are nowadays considered main driving forces of the progressive immunologic failure in effective antiretroviral therapy treated HIV-1 infected individuals. Among the factors contributing to this phenomenon, microbial translocation has emerged as a key driver of persistent immune activation. Indeed, the rapid depletion of gastrointestinal CD4+ T lymphocytes occurring during the early phases of infection leads to a deterioration of the gut epithelium followed by the translocation of microbial products into the systemic circulation and the subsequent activation of innate immunity. In this context, monocytes/macrophages are increasingly recognized as an important source of inflammation, linked to HIV-1 disease progression and to non-AIDS complications, such as cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive decline, which are currently main challenges in treated patients. Lipid signaling plays a central role in modulating monocyte/macrophage activation, immune functions and inflammatory responses. Phospholipase-mediated phospholipid hydrolysis leads to the production of lipid mediators or second messengers that affect signal transduction, thus regulating a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. In this review, we discuss the contribution of phospholipases to monocyte/macrophage activation in the context of HIV-1 infection, focusing on their involvement in virus-associated chronic inflammation and co-morbidities.
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