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Sa-nguanmoo N, Namdee K, Khongkow M, Ruktanonchai U, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Review: Development of SARS-CoV-2 immuno-enhanced COVID-19 vaccines with nano-platform. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:2196-2225. [PMID: 34659650 PMCID: PMC8501370 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine development approaches consist of viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, live attenuated virus, and recombinant proteins, which elicit a specific immune response. The use of nanoparticles displaying antigen is one of the alternative approaches to conventional vaccines. This is due to the fact that nano-based vaccines are stable, able to target, form images, and offer an opportunity to enhance the immune responses. The diameters of ultrafine nanoparticles are in the range of 1-100 nm. The application of nanotechnology on vaccine design provides precise fabrication of nanomaterials with desirable properties and ability to eliminate undesirable features. To be successful, nanomaterials must be uptaken into the cell, especially into the target and able to modulate cellular functions at the subcellular levels. The advantages of nano-based vaccines are the ability to protect a cargo such as RNA, DNA, protein, or synthesis substance and have enhanced stability in a broad range of pH, ambient temperatures, and humidity for long-term storage. Moreover, nano-based vaccines can be engineered to overcome biological barriers such as nonspecific distribution in order to elicit functions in antigen presenting cells. In this review, we will summarize on the developing COVID-19 vaccine strategies and how the nanotechnology can enhance antigen presentation and strong immunogenicity using advanced technology in nanocarrier to deliver antigens. The discussion about their safe, effective, and affordable vaccines to immunize against COVID-19 will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawamin Sa-nguanmoo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Katawut Namdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Uracha Ruktanonchai
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - YongXiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumour Theranostics and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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Kang J, Ismail AM, Dehghan S, Rajaiya J, Allard MW, Lim HC, Dyer DW, Chodosh J, Seto D. Genomics-based re-examination of the taxonomy and phylogeny of human and simian Mastadenoviruses: an evolving whole genomes approach, revealing putative zoonosis, anthroponosis, and amphizoonosis. Cladistics 2020; 36:358-373. [PMID: 34618969 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of high-resolution and cost-effective genomics and bioinformatics tools and methods contributing to a large database of both human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) adenoviruses, a genomics-based re-evaluation of their taxonomy is warranted. Interest in these particular adenoviruses is growing in part due to the applications of both in gene transfer protocols, including gene therapy and vaccines, as well in oncolytic protocols. In particular, the re-evaluation of SAdVs as appropriate vectors in humans is important as zoonosis precludes the assumption that human immune system may be naïve to these vectors. Additionally, as important pathogens, adenoviruses are a model organism system for understanding viral pathogen emergence through zoonosis and anthroponosis, particularly among the primate species, along with recombination, host adaptation, and selection, as evidenced by one long-standing human respiratory pathogen HAdV-4 and a recent re-evaluation of another, HAdV-76. The latter reflects the insights on amphizoonosis, defined as infections in both directions among host species including "other than human", that are possible with the growing database of nonhuman adenovirus genomes. HAdV-76 is a recombinant that has been isolated from human, chimpanzee, and bonobo hosts. On-going and potential impacts of adenoviruses on public health and translational medicine drive this evaluation of 174 whole genome sequences from HAdVs and SAdVs archived in GenBank. The conclusion is that rather than separate HAdV and SAdV phylogenetic lineages, a single, intertwined tree is observed with all HAdVs and SAdVs forming mixed clades. Therefore, a single designation of "primate adenovirus" (PrAdV) superseding either HAdV and SAdV is proposed, or alternatively, keeping HAdV for human adenovirus but expanding the SAdV nomenclature officially to include host species identification as in ChAdV for chimpanzee adenovirus, GoAdV for gorilla adenovirus, BoAdV for bonobo adenovirus, and ad libitum.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Kang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Ashrafali Mohamed Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shoaleh Dehghan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.,Chemistry Department, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Marc W Allard
- Division of Microbiology (HFS-710), Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, US Food & Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Haw Chuan Lim
- Department of Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - David W Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
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Medkour H, Amona I, Akiana J, Davoust B, Bitam I, Levasseur A, Tall ML, Diatta G, Sokhna C, Hernandez-Aguilar RA, Barciela A, Gorsane S, La Scola B, Raoult D, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060657. [PMID: 32570742 PMCID: PMC7354429 DOI: 10.3390/v12060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are known hosts for adenoviruses (AdVs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of AdVs. As with humans, AdV infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of AdVs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different African countries (Republic of Congo, Senegal, Djibouti and Algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in the Republic of Congo, in order to explore the potential zoonotic risks. Samples were screened by real-time and standard PCRs, followed by the sequencing of the partial DNA polymerase gene in order to identify the AdV species. The prevalence was 3.3 folds higher in NHPs than in humans. More than 1/3 (35.8%) of the NHPs and 1/10 (10.5%) of the humans excreted AdVs in their feces. The positive rate was high in great apes (46%), with a maximum of 54.2% in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 35.9% in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), followed by monkeys (25.6%), with 27.5% in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) and 23.1% in baboons (seven Papio papio and six Papio hamadryas). No green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) were found to be positive for AdVs. The AdVs detected in NHPs were members of Human mastadenovirus E (HAdV-E), HAdV-C or HAdV-B, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, with evidence of zoonotic transmission since phylogenetic analysis revealed that gorilla AdVs belonging to HAdV-C were genetically identical to strains detected in humans who had been living around gorillas, and, inversely, a HAdV-C member HAdV type was detected in gorillas. This confirms the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus. which has been reported previously. In addition, HAdV-E members, the most often detected here, are widely distributed among NHP species regardless of their origin, i.e., HAdV-E members seem to lack host specificity. Virus isolation was successful from a human sample and the strain of the Mbo024 genome, of 35 kb, that was identified as belonging to HAdV-D, exhibited close identity to HAdV-D members for all genes. This study provides information on the AdVs that infect African NHPs and the human populations living nearby, with an evident zoonotic transmission. It is likely that AdVs crossed the species barrier between different NHP species (especially HAdV-E members), between NHPs and humans (especially HAdV-C), but also between humans, NHPs and other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub 25100, Algeria
| | - Inestin Amona
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Akiana
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- Superior School of Food Sciences and Food Industries, Algiers 16004, Algeria
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Mamadou Lamine Tall
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Georges Diatta
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- VITROME IRD 198, Campus IRD/UCAD, Hann Les Maristes, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- VITROME IRD 198, Campus IRD/UCAD, Hann Les Maristes, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Raquel Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal;
| | - Amanda Barciela
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal;
| | - Slim Gorsane
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé des Armées des Forces Françaises Stationnées à Djibouti;
| | - Bernard La Scola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Features and pathogenesis of adenoviral pancreatitis in rhesus monkeys were studied with an immunofluorescence staining procedure on tissues from two previously documented cases. Fluorescing adenovirus antigen in epithelial cells of the pancreatic ducts, duodenum, and jejunum suggests that under as yet undefined conditions, a primary adenovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract ascends to the pancreatic parenchyma via pancreatic ducts. In a retrospective survey, over 3,000 microslides of pancreas taken at necropsy from several species of nonhuman primates (1,002 animals) were studied to determine the incidence of and species susceptibility to adenoviral pancreatitis. Other than the two documented cases from our files, we found comparable lesions in only one rhesus monkey. Adenoviral pancreatitis seems to be a distinct entity in rhesus monkeys, and it should be considered when pancreatitis is found in this species. Our findings also suggest a possible viral cause for some cases of pancreatitis in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. W. Chandler
- Host Factors Division, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - H. M. McClure
- Host Factors Division, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
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Genome Sequence of a Cynomolgus Macaque Adenovirus (CynAdV-1) Isolate from a Primate Colony in the United Kingdom. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/6/e01193-16. [PMID: 27811094 PMCID: PMC5095464 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01193-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The genome sequence of a simian adenovirus from a cynomolgus macaque, denoted CynAdV-1, is presented here. Phylogenetic analysis supports CynAdV-1 in an independent clade, comprising a new simian adenovirus (SAdV) species. These genome data are critical for understanding the evolution and relationships of primate adenoviruses, including zoonosis and emergent human pathogens.
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Lonsdorf E, Travis D, Ssuna R, Lantz E, Wilson M, Gamble K, Terio K, Leendertz F, Ehlers B, Keele B, Hahn B, Gillespie T, Pond J, Raphael J, Collins A. Field immobilization for treatment of an unknown illness in a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania: findings, challenges, and lessons learned. Primates 2014; 55:89-99. [PMID: 23872909 PMCID: PMC3872260 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-013-0372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are widely presumed to be one of the greatest threats to ape conservation in the wild. Human diseases are of particular concern, and the costs and benefits of human presence in protected areas with apes are regularly debated. While numerous syndromes with fatal outcomes have recently been described, precise identification of pathogens remains difficult. These diagnostic difficulties are compounded by the fact that direct veterinary intervention on wild apes is quite rare. Here we present the unique case of a wild chimpanzee at Gombe National Park that was observed with a severe illness and was subsequently examined and treated in the field. Multiple specimens were collected and tested with the aim of identifying the pathogen responsible for the illness. Our findings represent the first extensive screening of a living wild chimpanzee, yet despite our efforts, the cause and source of illness remain unknown. Nevertheless, our findings represent valuable baseline data for the ape conservation community and for comparison with other recent findings. In addition, we present the case here to demonstrate the planning required and multiple types of expertise necessary to maximize the amount of data obtained from such a rare intervention, and to provide lessons learned for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lonsdorf
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA, 17604, USA,
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Dehghan S, Seto J, Jones MS, Dyer DW, Chodosh J, Seto D. Simian adenovirus type 35 has a recombinant genome comprising human and simian adenovirus sequences, which predicts its potential emergence as a human respiratory pathogen. Virology 2013; 447:265-73. [PMID: 24210123 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emergent human and simian adenoviruses (HAdVs) may arise from genome recombination. Computational analysis of SAdV type 35 reveals a genome comprising a chassis with elements mostly from two simian adenoviruses, SAdV-B21 and -B27, and regions of high sequence similarity shared with HAdV-B21 and HAdV-B16. Although recombination direction cannot be determined, the presence of these regions suggests prior infections of humans by an ancestor of SAdV-B35, and/or vice versa. Absence of this virus in humans may reflect non-optimal conditions for zoonosis or incomplete typing, e.g., limited epitope-based. The presence of both a critical viral replication element found in HAdV genomes and genes that are highly similar to ones in HAdVs suggest the potential to establish in a human host. This allows a prediction that this virus may be a nascent human respiratory pathogen. The recombination potential of human and simian adenovirus genomes should be considered in the use of SAdVs as vectors for gene delivery in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaleh Dehghan
- Chemistry Department, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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Dehghan S, Seto J, Liu EB, Walsh MP, Dyer DW, Chodosh J, Seto D. Computational analysis of four human adenovirus type 4 genomes reveals molecular evolution through two interspecies recombination events. Virology 2013; 443:197-207. [PMID: 23763770 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Computational analysis of human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-E4), a pathogen that is the only HAdV member of species E, provides insights into its zoonotic origin and molecular adaptation. Its genome encodes a domain of the major capsid protein, hexon, from HAdV-B16 recombined into the genome chassis of a simian adenovirus. Genomes of two recent field strains provide a clue to its adaptation to the new host: recombination of a NF-I binding site motif, which is required for efficient viral replication, from another HAdV genome. This motif is absent in the chimpanzee adenoviruses and the HAdV-E4 prototype, but is conserved amongst other HAdVs. This is the first report of an interspecies recombination event for HAdVs, and the first documentation of a lateral partial gene transfer from a chimpanzee AdV. The potential for such recombination events are important when considering chimpanzee adenoviruses as candidate gene delivery vectors for human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaleh Dehghan
- Chemistry Department, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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9
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Abstract
Viral vectors have been developed as vaccine platforms for a number of pathogens and tumors. In particular, adenovirus (Ad)-based vectors expressing genes coding for pathogen or tumor antigens have proven efficacious to induce protective immunity. Major challenges in the use of Ad vectors are the high prevalence of anti-Ad immunity and the recent observation during an Ad-based HIV vaccine trial that led to increased HIV-1 acquisition in the presence of circulating anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies. In this review we summarize strategies to address these challenges and focus on modifications of the Ad capsid to enhance the adjuvant effect of anti-Ad immunogenicity and to circumvent pre-existing immunity. In addition, we summarize the current status and potential of other viral vector vaccines based on adeno-associated viruses, lentiviruses and poxviruses.
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Colloca S, Barnes E, Folgori A, Ammendola V, Capone S, Cirillo A, Siani L, Naddeo M, Grazioli F, Esposito ML, Ambrosio M, Sparacino A, Bartiromo M, Meola A, Smith K, Kurioka A, O'Hara GA, Ewer KJ, Anagnostou N, Bliss C, Hill AVS, Traboni C, Klenerman P, Cortese R, Nicosia A. Vaccine vectors derived from a large collection of simian adenoviruses induce potent cellular immunity across multiple species. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:115ra2. [PMID: 22218691 PMCID: PMC3627206 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Replication-defective adenovirus vectors based on human serotype 5 (Ad5) induce protective immune responses against diverse pathogens and cancer in animal models, as well as elicit robust and sustained cellular immunity in humans. However, most humans have neutralizing antibodies to Ad5, which can impair the immunological potency of such vaccines. Here, we show that rare serotypes of human adenoviruses, which should not be neutralized in most humans, are far less potent as vaccine vectors than Ad5 in mice and nonhuman primates, casting doubt on their potential efficacy in humans. To identify novel vaccine carriers suitable for vaccine delivery in humans, we isolated and sequenced more than 1000 adenovirus strains from chimpanzees (ChAd). Replication-defective vectors were generated from a subset of these ChAd serotypes and screened to determine whether they were neutralized by human sera and able to grow in human cell lines. We then ranked these ChAd vectors by immunological potency and found up to a thousandfold variation in potency for CD8+ T cell induction in mice. These ChAd vectors were safe and immunologically potent in phase 1 clinical trials, thereby validating our screening approach. These data suggest that the ChAd vectors developed here represent a large collection of non-cross-reactive, potent vectors that may be exploited for the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Colloca
- Okairos, via dei Castelli Romani 22, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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11
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Novel adenoviruses in wild primates: a high level of genetic diversity and evidence of zoonotic transmissions. J Virol 2011; 85:10774-84. [PMID: 21835802 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00810-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) broadly infect vertebrate hosts, including a variety of nonhuman primates (NHPs). In the present study, we identified AdVs in NHPs living in their natural habitats, and through the combination of phylogenetic analyses and information on the habitats and epidemiological settings, we detected possible horizontal transmission events between NHPs and humans. Wild NHPs were analyzed with a pan-primate AdV-specific PCR using a degenerate nested primer set that targets the highly conserved adenovirus DNA polymerase gene. A plethora of novel AdV sequences were identified, representing at least 45 distinct AdVs. From the AdV-positive individuals, 29 nearly complete hexon genes were amplified and, based on phylogenetic analysis, tentatively allocated to all known human AdV species (Human adenovirus A to Human adenovirus G [HAdV-A to -G]) as well as to the only simian AdV species (Simian adenovirus A [SAdV-A]). Interestingly, five of the AdVs detected in great apes grouped into the HAdV-A, HAdV-D, HAdV-F, or SAdV-A clade. Furthermore, we report the first detection of AdVs in New World monkeys, clustering at the base of the primate AdV evolutionary tree. Most notably, six chimpanzee AdVs of species HAdV-A to HAdV-F revealed a remarkably close relationship to human AdVs, possibly indicating recent interspecies transmission events.
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12
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Chen EC, Yagi S, Kelly KR, Mendoza SP, Maninger N, Rosenthal A, Spinner A, Bales KL, Schnurr DP, Lerche NW, Chiu CY. Cross-species transmission of a novel adenovirus associated with a fulminant pneumonia outbreak in a new world monkey colony. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002155. [PMID: 21779173 PMCID: PMC3136464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are DNA viruses that naturally infect many vertebrates, including humans and monkeys, and cause a wide range of clinical illnesses in humans. Infection from individual strains has conventionally been thought to be species-specific. Here we applied the Virochip, a pan-viral microarray, to identify a novel adenovirus (TMAdV, titi monkey adenovirus) as the cause of a deadly outbreak in a closed colony of New World monkeys (titi monkeys; Callicebus cupreus) at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC). Among 65 titi monkeys housed in a building, 23 (34%) developed upper respiratory symptoms that progressed to fulminant pneumonia and hepatitis, and 19 of 23 monkeys, or 83% of those infected, died or were humanely euthanized. Whole-genome sequencing of TMAdV revealed that this adenovirus is a new species and highly divergent, sharing <57% pairwise nucleotide identity with other adenoviruses. Cultivation of TMAdV was successful in a human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line, but not in primary or established monkey kidney cells. At the onset of the outbreak, the researcher in closest contact with the monkeys developed an acute respiratory illness, with symptoms persisting for 4 weeks, and had a convalescent serum sample seropositive for TMAdV. A clinically ill family member, despite having no contact with the CNPRC, also tested positive, and screening of a set of 81 random adult blood donors from the Western United States detected TMAdV-specific neutralizing antibodies in 2 individuals (2/81, or 2.5%). These findings raise the possibility of zoonotic infection by TMAdV and human-to-human transmission of the virus in the population. Given the unusually high case fatality rate from the outbreak (83%), it is unlikely that titi monkeys are the native host species for TMAdV, and the natural reservoir of the virus is still unknown. The discovery of TMAdV, a novel adenovirus with the capacity to infect both monkeys and humans, suggests that adenoviruses should be monitored closely as potential causes of cross-species outbreaks. Infection from adenoviruses, viruses that cause a variety of illnesses in humans, monkeys, and other animals, has conventionally been thought to be species-specific. We used the Virochip, a microarray designed to detect all viruses, to identify a new species of adenovirus (TMAdV, or titi monkey adenovirus) that caused a deadly outbreak in a colony of New World titi monkeys at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC), and also infected a human researcher. One-third of the monkeys developed pneumonia and liver inflammation, and 19 of 23 monkeys died or were humanely euthanized. The unusually high death rate (83%) makes titi monkeys unlikely to be natural hosts for TMAdV, and the genomic sequence of TMAdV revealed that it is very different from any other known adenovirus. The researcher developed an acute respiratory illness at the onset of the outbreak, and was found to be infected by TMAdV by subsequent antibody testing. A clinically ill family member with no prior contact with the CNPRC also tested positive. Further investigation is needed to identify whether TMAdV originated from humans, monkeys, or another animal. The discovery of TMAdV suggests that adenoviruses should be monitored closely as potential causes of cross-species outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice C. Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shigeo Yagi
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Kristi R. Kelly
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sally P. Mendoza
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Maninger
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ann Rosenthal
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Abigail Spinner
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Bales
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - David P. Schnurr
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas W. Lerche
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Y. Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Krause A, Whu WZ, Xu Y, Joh J, Crystal RG, Worgall S. Protective anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa humoral and cellular mucosal immunity by AdC7-mediated expression of the P. aeruginosa protein OprF. Vaccine 2011; 29:2131-9. [PMID: 21215829 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vectors are an attractive platform for a vaccine against lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ad vectors based on non-human serotypes have been developed to circumvent the problem of pre-existing anti-Ad immunity in humans. The present study analyzes the anti-P. aeruginosa systemic and lung mucosal immunity elicited by a non-human primate-based AdC7 vector expressing the outer membrane protein F (AdC7OprF) of P. aeruginosa. Intramuscular immunization of mice with AdC7OprF induced similar levels of serum and mucosal anti-OprF IgG and increased levels of anti-OprF IgA in lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) compared to immunization with a human serotype Ad5OprF vector (p>0.05). OprF-specific INF-γ in splenic T cells stimulated with OprF-pulsed syngeneic splenic dendritic cells (DC) was similar following immunization with AdC7OprF compared to Ad5OprF (p>0.05). In contrast, OprF-specific INF-γ responses in lung T cells stimulated with either spleen or lung DC were increased following immunization with AdC7OprF compared to Ad5OprF (p<0.05). Interestingly, direct administration of AdC7OprF to the respiratory tract resulted in an increase of OprF-specific IgG in serum, OprF-specific IgG and IgA in lung ELF, and OprF-specific INF-γ in lung T-cells compared to immunization with Ad5OprF, and survival following challenge with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa. These data demonstrate that systemic or lung mucosal immunization with an AdC7-based vaccine vector induces superior pulmonary humoral and cellular anti-transgene immunity compared to immunization with an Ad5-based vector and favors AdC7-based vectors as vaccines to induce lung mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Krause
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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14
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Roy S, Medina-Jaszek A, Wilson MJ, Sandhu A, Calcedo R, Lin J, Wilson JM. Creation of a panel of vectors based on ape adenovirus isolates. J Gene Med 2011; 13:17-25. [PMID: 21259405 PMCID: PMC10694860 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported the isolation and sequencing of 30 novel adenoviruses from chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas. These adenoviruses are promising candidates for the purpose of expanding the repertoire of adenoviral serotypes that can be used to create vectors for circumventing pre-existing neutralizing antibodies in human populations. We thus aimed to create vectors from 20 of the newly isolated adenoviruses. METHODS Plasmid molecular clones were created that harbored the complete E1-deleted genomes from 20 of the newly isolated ape adenoviruses belonging to species B, C and E. The plasmids were transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells to rescue vectors. We also tested normal human sera to determine the extent of pre-existing cross-neutralizing anti-adenovirus neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS Twelve vectors could be rescued and expanded following transfection into HEK 293 cells with yields (from fifty 150-mm culture dishes) that ranged from 3 × 10(11) to 7 × 10(13) viral particles. Sera from 50 normal human donors were tested for the presence of neutralizing activity against 21 of the newly isolated ape adenoviruses. Cross-neutralizing activity was generally low, although outliers with high neutralizing activity were frequently detected. Species B ape adenoviruses generally showed the least cross-neutralization with antibodies present in the human sera that were tested. CONCLUSIONS E1-deleted adenovirus vectors can be created from a wide variety of ape adenoviruses that can be rescued and propagated in HEK 293 cells. The prevalence of pre-existing antibodies that can neutralize these adenoviruses in human populations is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angelica Medina-Jaszek
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arbansjit Sandhu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberto Calcedo
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianping Lin
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James M. Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Wevers D, Leendertz FH, Scuda N, Boesch C, Robbins MM, Head J, Ludwig C, Kühn J, Ehlers B. A novel adenovirus of Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Virol J 2010; 7:303. [PMID: 21054831 PMCID: PMC2989969 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdV) broadly infect vertebrate hosts including a variety of primates. We identified a novel AdV in the feces of captive gorillas by isolation in cell culture, electron microscopy and PCR. From the supernatants of infected cultures we amplified DNA polymerase (DPOL), preterminal protein (pTP) and hexon gene sequences with generic pan primate AdV PCR assays. The sequences in-between were amplified by long-distance PCRs of 2-10 kb length, resulting in a final sequence of 15.6 kb. Phylogenetic analysis placed the novel gorilla AdV into a cluster of primate AdVs belonging to the species Human adenovirus B (HAdV-B). Depending on the analyzed gene, its position within the cluster was variable. To further elucidate its origin, feces samples of wild gorillas were analyzed. AdV hexon sequences were detected which are indicative for three distinct and novel gorilla HAdV-B viruses, among them a virus nearly identical to the novel AdV isolated from captive gorillas. This shows that the discovered virus is a member of a group of HAdV-B viruses that naturally infect gorillas. The mixed phylogenetic clusters of gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo and human AdVs within the HAdV-B species indicate that host switches may have been a component of the evolution of human and non-human primate HAdV-B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wevers
- FG12 Division of Viral Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Roy S, Vandenberghe LH, Kryazhimskiy S, Grant R, Calcedo R, Yuan X, Keough M, Sandhu A, Wang Q, Medina-Jaszek CA, Plotkin JB, Wilson JM. Isolation and characterization of adenoviruses persistently shed from the gastrointestinal tract of non-human primates. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000503. [PMID: 19578438 PMCID: PMC2698151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are important human pathogens that have been developed as vectors for gene therapies and genetic vaccines. Previous studies indicated that human infections with adenoviruses are self-limiting in immunocompetent hosts with evidence of some persistence in adenoid tissue. We sought to better understand the natural history of adenovirus infections in various non-human primates and discovered that healthy populations of great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) and macaques shed substantial quantities of infectious adenoviruses in stool. Shedding in stools from asymptomatic humans was found to be much less frequent, comparable to frequencies reported before. We purified and fully sequenced 30 novel adenoviruses from apes and 3 novel adenoviruses from macaques. Analyses of the new ape adenovirus sequences (as well as the 4 chimpanzee adenovirus sequences we have previously reported) together with 22 complete adenovirus genomes available from GenBank revealed that (a) the ape adenoviruses could clearly be classified into species corresponding to human adenovirus species B, C, and E, (b) there was evidence for intraspecies recombination between adenoviruses, and (c) the high degree of phylogenetic relatedness of adenoviruses across their various primate hosts provided evidence for cross species transmission events to have occurred in the natural history of B and E viruses. The high degree of asymptomatic shedding of live adenovirus in non-human primates and evidence for zoonotic transmissions warrants caution for primate handling and housing. Furthermore, the presence of persistent and/or latent adenovirus infections in the gut should be considered in the design and interpretation of human and non-human primate studies with adenovirus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Luk H. Vandenberghe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sergey Kryazhimskiy
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Roberto Calcedo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Martin Keough
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arbans Sandhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qiang Wang
- Vaccine Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - C. Angelica Medina-Jaszek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joshua B. Plotkin
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James M. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Xiang Z, Li Y, Cun A, Yang W, Ellenberg S, Switzer WM, Kalish ML, Ertl HC. Chimpanzee adenovirus antibodies in humans, sub-Saharan Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 12:1596-9. [PMID: 17176582 PMCID: PMC3290939 DOI: 10.3201/eid1210.060078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sera from the United States, Thailand, and sub-Saharan Africa and chimpanzee sera were tested for neutralizing antibodies to 3 chimpanzee adenoviruses. Antibodies were more common in humans residing in sub-Saharan Africa than in humans living in the United States or Thailand. This finding suggests cross-species transmission of chimpanzee adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Xiang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Li
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ann Cun
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan Ellenberg
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Marcia L. Kalish
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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18
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Zhou D, Cun A, Li Y, Xiang Z, Ertl HCJ. A chimpanzee-origin adenovirus vector expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein as an oral vaccine against inhalation infection with rabies virus. Mol Ther 2006; 14:662-72. [PMID: 16797238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies has the highest fatality rate of all human viral infections and the virus could potentially be disseminated through aerosols. Currently licensed vaccines to rabies virus are highly effective but it is unknown if they would provide reliable protection to rabies virus transmitted through inhalation, which allows rapid access to the central nervous system upon entering olfactory nerve endings. Here we describe preclinical data with a novel vaccine to rabies virus based on a recombinant replication-defective chimpanzee-origin adenovirus vector expressing the glycoprotein of the Evelyn Rokitniki Abelseth strain of rabies virus. This vaccine, termed AdC68rab.gp, induces sustained central and mucosal antibody responses to rabies virus after oral application and provides complete protection against rabies virus acquired through inhalation even if given at a moderate dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Zhou
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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19
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Hashimoto M, Boyer JL, Hackett NR, Wilson JM, Crystal RG. Induction of protective immunity to anthrax lethal toxin with a nonhuman primate adenovirus-based vaccine in the presence of preexisting anti-human adenovirus immunity. Infect Immun 2005; 73:6885-91. [PMID: 16177368 PMCID: PMC1230977 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.10.6885-6891.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention or therapy for bioterrorism-associated anthrax infections requires rapidly acting effective vaccines. We recently demonstrated (Y. Tan, N. R. Hackett, J. L. Boyer, and R. G. Crystal, Hum. Gene Ther. 14:1673-1682, 2003) that a single administration of a recombinant serotype 5 adenovirus (Ad) vector expressing anthrax protective antigen (PA) provides rapid protection against anthrax lethal toxin challenge. However, approximately 35 to 50% of humans have preexisting neutralizing antibodies against Ad5. This study assesses the hypothesis that a recombinant adenovirus vaccine based on the nonhuman primate-derived serotype AdC7, against which humans do not have immunity, expressing PA (AdC7PA) will protect against anthrax lethal toxin even in the presence of preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity. Naive and Ad5-immunized BALB/c mice received (intramuscularly) 10(8) to 10(11) particle units (PU) of AdC7PA, Ad5PA (a human serotype Ad5-based vector expressing a secreted form of PA), or AdNull (an Ad5 vector with no transgene). Robust anti-PA immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies were detected by 2 to 4 weeks following administration of AdC7PA to naive or Ad5 preimmunized mice, whereas low anti-PA titers were detected in Ad5-preimmunized mice following administration of Ad5PA. To assess protection in vivo, naive or mice previously immunized against Ad5 were immunized with AdC7PA or Ad5PA and then challenged with a lethal intravenous dose of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. Whereas Ad5PA protected naive mice against challenge with B. anthracis lethal toxin, Ad5PA was ineffective in mice that were previously immunized against Ad5. In contrast, AdC7PA functioned effectively not only to protect naive mice but also to protect Ad5-preimmunized mice, with 100% survival after lethal toxin challenge. These data suggest the nonhuman-based vector AdC7PA is an effective vaccine for the development of protective immunity against B. anthracis and importantly functions as a "sero-switch" base for an adenovirus vaccine to function in the context of preexisting anti-Ad immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hashimoto
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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20
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Abstract
E1-deleted adenoviral vectors expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein rapidly induce protective titers of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in adult and neonatal mice upon systemic or mucosal immunization. Pre-existing immunity in humans due to natural infections with common human serotypes of adenovirus such as the human serotype 5, most commonly used as a vaccine carrier can be circumvented by systemic immunization with a simian-origin adenovirus or by using the oral route of immunization. Virus neutralizing antibody titers can be enhanced by prime-boost regimens.
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21
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Purkayastha A, Su J, Carlisle S, Tibbetts C, Seto D. Genomic and bioinformatics analysis of HAdV-7, a human adenovirus of species B1 that causes acute respiratory disease: implications for vector development in human gene therapy. Virology 2005; 332:114-29. [PMID: 15661145 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 07/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus serotype 7 (HAdV-7) is a reemerging pathogen identified in acute respiratory disease (ARD), particularly in epidemics affecting basic military trainee populations of otherwise healthy young adults. The genome has been sequenced and annotated (GenBank accession no. ). Comparative genomics and bioinformatics analyses of the HAdV-7 genome sequence provide insight into its natural history and phylogenetic relationships. A putative origin of HAdV-7 from a chimpanzee host is observed. This has implications within the current biotechnological interest of using chimpanzee adenoviruses as vectors for human gene therapy and DNA vaccine delivery. Rapid genome sequencing and analyses of this species B1 member provide an example of exploiting accurate low-pass DNA sequencing technology in pathogen characterization and epidemic outbreak surveillance through the identification, validation, and application of unique pathogen genome signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Purkayastha
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, 10900 University Boulevard, MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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22
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Purkayastha A, Ditty SE, Su J, McGraw J, Hadfield TL, Tibbetts C, Seto D. Genomic and bioinformatics analysis of HAdV-4, a human adenovirus causing acute respiratory disease: implications for gene therapy and vaccine vector development. J Virol 2005; 79:2559-72. [PMID: 15681456 PMCID: PMC546560 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.4.2559-2572.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus serotype 4 (HAdV-4) is a reemerging viral pathogenic agent implicated in epidemic outbreaks of acute respiratory disease (ARD). This report presents a genomic and bioinformatics analysis of the prototype 35,990-nucleotide genome (GenBank accession no. AY594253). Intriguingly, the genome analysis suggests a closer phylogenetic relationship with the chimpanzee adenoviruses (simian adenoviruses) rather than with other human adenoviruses, suggesting a recent origin of HAdV-4, and therefore species E, through a zoonotic event from chimpanzees to humans. Bioinformatics analysis also suggests a pre-zoonotic recombination event, as well, between species B-like and species C-like simian adenoviruses. These observations may have implications for the current interest in using chimpanzee adenoviruses in the development of vectors for human gene therapy and for DNA-based vaccines. Also, the reemergence, surveillance, and treatment of HAdV-4 as an ARD pathogen is an opportunity to demonstrate the use of genome determination as a tool for viral infectious disease characterization and epidemic outbreak surveillance: for example, rapid and accurate low-pass sequencing and analysis of the genome. In particular, this approach allows the rapid identification and development of unique probes for the differentiation of family, species, serotype, and strain (e.g., pathogen genome signatures) for monitoring epidemic outbreaks of ARD.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/prevention & control
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/therapy
- Adenoviruses, Human/classification
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/pathogenicity
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Computational Biology
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Genetic Therapy
- Genome, Viral
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology
- Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control
- Respiratory Tract Infections/transmission
- Respiratory Tract Infections/virology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Purkayastha
- School of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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23
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Reyes-Sandoval A, Fitzgerald JC, Grant R, Roy S, Xiang ZQ, Li Y, Gao GP, Wilson JM, Ertl HCJ. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific immune responses in primates upon sequential immunization with adenoviral vaccine carriers of human and simian serotypes. J Virol 2004; 78:7392-9. [PMID: 15220412 PMCID: PMC434124 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.14.7392-7399.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two triple immunization vaccine regimens with adenoviral vectors with E1 deleted expressing Gag of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were tested for induction of T- and B-cell-mediated-immune responses in mice and in nonhuman primates. The vaccine carriers were derived from distinct serotypes of human and simian adenoviruses that fail to elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies expected to dampen the effect of booster immunizations. Both triple immunization regimens induced unprecedented frequencies of gamma interferon-producing CD8(+) T cells to Gag in mice and monkeys that remained remarkably stable over time. In addition, monkeys developed Gag-specific interleukin-2-secreting T cells, presumably belonging to the CD4(+) T-cell subset, and antibodies to both Gag and the adenoviral vaccine carriers.
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24
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Roy S, Gao G, Clawson DS, Vandenberghe LH, Farina SF, Wilson JM. Complete nucleotide sequences and genome organization of four chimpanzee adenoviruses. Virology 2004; 324:361-72. [PMID: 15207622 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequences for four adenoviruses-Simian Adenoviruses 21, 22, 23, and 24, originally isolated from chimpanzees, were determined. The genome organization of the chimpanzee adenoviruses was found to be similar to that of other adenoviruses. The viral gene products of the adenoviruses Simian Adenoviruses 22, 23, and 24 are very closely related to those of the (previously sequenced) chimpanzee adenovirus Simian Adenovirus 25. Simian Adenovirus 21 is most similar to human subgroup B adenoviruses HAdV-3, HAdV-7, and HAdV-35. Analysis of the capsid proteins hexon and fiber of the chimpanzee adenoviruses also supports the placement of Simian Adenovirus 21 in subgroup B and Simian Adenoviruses 22, 23, and 24 in subgroup E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Gene Therapy Program, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Roy S, Gao G, Lu Y, Zhou X, Lock M, Calcedo R, Wilson JM. Characterization of a Family of Chimpanzee Adenoviruses and Development of Molecular Clones for Gene Transfer Vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2004; 15:519-30. [PMID: 15144581 DOI: 10.1089/10430340460745838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of preexisting immunity to the commonly used adenoviral vectors, as well as the requirement for readministration of vector for multiple therapeutic applications, necessitates the development of a panel of immunologically distinct adenoviral vectors against which neutralizing antibodies are rare in human populations. We have completely sequenced three chimpanzee-derived adenoviruses, Pan 5, Pan 6, and Pan 7, and have molecularly cloned E1-deleted vector genomes from each as bacterial plasmids. All the E1-deleted vectors were grown to high titer in HEK 293 cells. Neutralizing antibodies to the chimpanzee adenoviral vectors were not detected in serum samples from human subjects. In vitro cross-neutralization using rabbit antisera and in vivo readministration experiments in mice demonstrated that antibodies against Pan 5, Pan 7, or Pan 9 cross-neutralize one another but do not neutralize Pan 6. These results indicate that chimpanzee adenoviral vectors may be useful as vaccines or gene therapy vectors in human populations and should allow applications that require multiple vector administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Pinto AR, Fitzgerald JC, Gao GP, Wilson JM, Ertl HCJ. Induction of CD8+ T cells to an HIV-1 antigen upon oral immunization of mice with a simian E1-deleted adenoviral vector. Vaccine 2004; 22:697-703. [PMID: 14741162 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An E1-deleted adenoviral recombinant derived from the chimpanzee serotype 6 expressing a codon-optimized truncated form of gag of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was tested for induction of a transgene product-specific CD8+ T cell response upon oral immunization of mice. The vector was shown to induce gag-specific CD8+ T cells detectable at moderate frequencies of approximately 0.5-1.0% in the spleens and to provide partial protection in a surrogate challenge model based on intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection of mice with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing gag (VVgag) of HIV-1. Frequencies of gag-specific CD8+ T cells could be augmented by using a different, i.e., heterologous, vaccine carrier based on a distinct recombinant virus or an alternative adenoviral serotype expressing the same form of gag for oral or systemic-booster immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Pinto
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4268, USA
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Fitzgerald JC, Gao GP, Reyes-Sandoval A, Pavlakis GN, Xiang ZQ, Wlazlo AP, Giles-Davis W, Wilson JM, Ertl HCJ. A simian replication-defective adenoviral recombinant vaccine to HIV-1 gag. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:1416-22. [PMID: 12538702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.3.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In animal models, E1-deleted human adenoviral recombinants of the serotype 5 (AdHu5) have shown high efficacy as vaccine carriers for different Ags including those of HIV-1. Humans are infected by common serotypes of human adenovirus such as AdHu5 early in life and a significant percentage has high levels of neutralizing Abs to these serotypes, which will very likely impair the efficacy of recombinant vaccines based on the homologous virus. To circumvent this problem, a novel replication-defective adenoviral vaccine carrier based on an E1-deleted recombinant of the chimpanzee adenovirus 68 (AdC68) was developed. An AdC68 construct expressing a codon-optimized, truncated form of gag of HIV-1 induces CD8(+) T cells to gag in mice which at the height of the immune response encompass nearly 20% of the entire splenic CD8(+) T cell population. The vaccine-induced immune response provides protection to challenge with a vaccinia gag recombinant virus. Induction of transgene-specific CD8(+) T cells and protection against viral challenge elicited by the AdC68 vaccines is not strongly inhibited in animals preimmune to AdHu5 virus. However, the response elicited by the AdHu5 vaccine is greatly attenuated in AdHu5 preimmune animals.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus E1 Proteins/deficiency
- Adenovirus E1 Proteins/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Adenoviruses, Simian/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Simian/immunology
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Line
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/immunology
- Gene Products, gag/administration & dosage
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Pan troglodytes
- Transgenes/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virus Replication/genetics
- Virus Replication/immunology
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Xiang Z, Gao G, Reyes-Sandoval A, Cohen CJ, Li Y, Bergelson JM, Wilson JM, Ertl HCJ. Novel, chimpanzee serotype 68-based adenoviral vaccine carrier for induction of antibodies to a transgene product. J Virol 2002; 76:2667-75. [PMID: 11861833 PMCID: PMC135983 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.6.2667-2675.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An E1-deletion-containing adenoviral recombinant based on the chimpanzee serotype 68 (AdC68) was developed to express the rabies virus glycoprotein. Mice immunized with this construct (AdC68rab.gp) developed antibodies to rabies virus and remained resistant to challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of rabies virus. In naïve mice immunized intranasally, the rabies virus-specific antibody responses elicited by AdC68rab.gp were comparable with regard to both titers and isotype profiles to those induced by an adenoviral recombinant based on human serotype 5 (Adhu5) expressing the same transgene product. In contrast, subcutaneous immunization with the AdC68rab.gp vaccine resulted in markedly lower antibody responses to the rabies virus glycoprotein than the corresponding Adhu5 vaccine. Antibodies from AdC68rab.gp-immunized mice were strongly biased towards the immunoglobulin G2a isotype. The antibody response to the rabies virus glycoprotein presented by Adhu5rab.gp was severely compromised in animals preexposed to the homologous adenovirus. In contrast, the rabies virus-specific antibody response to the AdC68rab.gp vaccine was at most marginally affected by preexisting immunity to common human adenovirus serotypes, such as 2, 4, 5, 7, and 12. This novel vaccine carrier thus offers a distinct advantage over adenoviral vaccines based on common human serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Xiang
- The Wistar Institute, Institute for Human Gene Therapy of the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Posgrado en Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del I.P.N. (CICATA-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guangping Gao
- The Wistar Institute, Institute for Human Gene Therapy of the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Posgrado en Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del I.P.N. (CICATA-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- The Wistar Institute, Institute for Human Gene Therapy of the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Posgrado en Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del I.P.N. (CICATA-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher J. Cohen
- The Wistar Institute, Institute for Human Gene Therapy of the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Posgrado en Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del I.P.N. (CICATA-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yan Li
- The Wistar Institute, Institute for Human Gene Therapy of the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Posgrado en Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del I.P.N. (CICATA-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jeffrey M. Bergelson
- The Wistar Institute, Institute for Human Gene Therapy of the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Posgrado en Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del I.P.N. (CICATA-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - James M. Wilson
- The Wistar Institute, Institute for Human Gene Therapy of the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Posgrado en Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del I.P.N. (CICATA-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hildegund C. J. Ertl
- The Wistar Institute, Institute for Human Gene Therapy of the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, Posgrado en Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del I.P.N. (CICATA-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215) 898-3863. Fax: (215) 898-3953. E-mail:
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Cohen CJ, Xiang ZQ, Gao GP, Ertl HCJ, Wilson JM, Bergelson JM. Chimpanzee adenovirus CV-68 adapted as a gene delivery vector interacts with the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:151-155. [PMID: 11752711 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-1-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A replication-defective form of chimpanzee adenovirus type 68 (C68) has been developed to circumvent problems posed by widespread preexisting immunity to common human adenovirus vectors. To investigate the determinants of C68 tropism, its interaction with the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was studied. Although CHO cells were resistant to transduction by C68 as well as by adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), CHO cells expressing either human or murine CAR were transduced readily. C68 transduction, like Ad5 transduction, was blocked when cells were exposed to anti-CAR antibody or when virus was exposed to a soluble form of the CAR extracellular domain. These results indicate that gene delivery by C68 occurs by a CAR-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Cohen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, Abramson 1202, 3516 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA1
| | | | - Guang-Ping Gao
- The Institute for Human Gene Therapy, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA3
| | | | - James M Wilson
- The Institute for Human Gene Therapy, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA3
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA2
| | - Jeffrey M Bergelson
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, Abramson 1202, 3516 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA1
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Farina SF, Gao GP, Xiang ZQ, Rux JJ, Burnett RM, Alvira MR, Marsh J, Ertl HC, Wilson JM. Replication-defective vector based on a chimpanzee adenovirus. J Virol 2001; 75:11603-13. [PMID: 11689642 PMCID: PMC114747 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.23.11603-11613.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An adenovirus previously isolated from a mesenteric lymph node from a chimpanzee was fully sequenced and found to be similar in overall structure to human adenoviruses. The genome of this virus, called C68, is 36,521 bp in length and is most similar to subgroup E of human adenovirus, with 90% identity in most adenovirus type 4 open reading frames that have been sequenced. Substantial differences in the hexon hypervariable regions were noted between C68 and other known adenoviruses, including adenovirus type 4. Neutralizing antibodies to C68 were highly prevalent in sera from a population of chimpanzees, while sera from humans and rhesus monkeys failed to neutralize C68. Furthermore, infection with C68 was not neutralized from sera of mice immunized with human adenovirus serotypes 2, 4, 5, 7, and 12. A replication-defective version of C68 was created by replacing the E1a and E1b genes with a minigene cassette; this vector was efficiently transcomplemented by the E1 region of human adenovirus type 5. C68 vector transduced a number of human and murine cell lines. This nonhuman adenoviral vector is sufficiently similar to human serotypes to allow growth in 293 cells and transduction of cells expressing the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. As it is dissimilar in regions such as the hexon hypervariable domains, C68 vector avoids significant cross-neutralization by sera directed against human serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Farina
- Institute for Human Gene Therapy and Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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31
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Li QG, Wadell G. The degree of genetic variability among adenovirus type 4 strains isolated from man and chimpanzee. Arch Virol 1988; 101:65-77. [PMID: 2843149 DOI: 10.1007/bf01314652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 8 different genome types of adenovirus type 4 (Ad 4), Ad 4p, Ad 4p 1-3, Ad 4a, Ad 4a 1, Ad 4b, and Ad 4ch were identified among 50 selected human adenovirus isolates and 2 chimpanzee adenovirus strains using 16 restriction endonucleases Bam HI, Bcl I, Bgl I, Bgl II, Bst EII, Dra I, Eco RI, Eco RV, Hind III, Hpa I, Sal I, Sma I, Ssp I, Pst I, Xba I, and Xho I. They could be divided into three genomic clusters. Cluster 1 contained Ad 4p and Ad 4p 1-3; cluster 2 contained Ad 4a, ad 4a 1 and Ad 4b; whereas the chimpanzee Ad 4 genome type was the unique member of cluster 3. The degree of genetic variability within each cluster was minor. The genome types within one cluster display 95-99% pairwise comigrating restriction fragments (PCRF). However, the genetic space between the three clusters was large. The genome types between different clusters share only 25-46% PCRF. A comparative PCRF analysis performed with restriction endonucleases Apa I, Nar I, Nae I, Sac II, and Sma I recognizing exclusively G and C sequences and Dra I, Ssp I recognizing exclusively A and T containing sequences revealed that G and C rich regions were significantly more conserved than A and T rich regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q G Li
- Department of Virology, 302nd Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lewis MA, Frye LD, Gibbs CJ, Chou SM, Cutchins EC, Gajdusek DC, Ward G. Isolation and characterization of two new herpes-like viruses from capuchin monkeys. Infect Immun 1976; 14:759-66. [PMID: 823119 PMCID: PMC420951 DOI: 10.1128/iai.14.3.759-766.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two herpes-like viruses were isolated from capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) brain and (Cebus albifrons) spleen cell cultures, respectively. Both isolates induced similar cytopathic effects consisting of rounded and ballooned cells in the original monkey cell cultures and in a wide range of permissive cell types. Neutralizing antibody to each virus was present in serum from the capuchin monkey from which it was isolated, but the two viruses did not cross-react by neutralization. Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates of hyperimmune rabbit serum to one of the isolates showed an antigenic cross relationship between the two isolates. By electron microscopy, herpes-like virus particles were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected human diploid fibroblast cell cultures. Virus-infected cell cultures stained with acridine orange revealed small deoxyribonucleic acid-containing intranuclear inclusion bodies. Both viruses were inhibited by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and inactivated by chloroform or exposure to 56 degrees C for 30 min. Antisera prepared against 16 prototype herpesviruses and cytomegaloviruses did not neutralize approximately 100 50% tissue culture infective doses of either capuchin isolate. Neutralizing antibody to the capuchin isolates was detected in sera from 8 of 17 capuchin monkeys but not in sera from 16 humans, 15 chimpanzees, and 10 spider, 6 rhesus, and 5 squirrel monkeys.
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Abstract
A strain of adenovirus type 7 was recovered from cultured brain cells, taken at necropsy from a patient aged 71 years with chronic schizophrenia. This recovery may indicate the reactivation of a latent infection with one of the few adenoviruses that has regularly-if rarely-been associated with clinical encephalitis.
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Hooks JJ, Gibbs CJ, Cutchins EC, Rogers NG, Lampert P, Gajdusek DC. Characteization and distribution of two new foamy viruses isolated from chimpanzees. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1972; 38:38-55. [PMID: 4626670 DOI: 10.1007/bf01241354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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