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Coene JR, Reeves PT. Marching Band Injuries in Children Presenting to Emergency Departments in the United States, 2012-2021: A Trebling Tale. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:1106-1114. [PMID: 37924241 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231210656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Marching band is both a sport and a performance art. Organized athletics like American football, soccer, and cheerleading all have established epidemiologic trends of injury, including stigmata from head trauma. Despite the potential for mild to severe injury, there is a paucity of data on marching band-related morbidity. We examined the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021 to describe demographic information and injury patterns. There were an estimated 20 335 marching band injuries (95% confidence interval: 12 892-27 777). The majority of injuries occurred in females (70%), and those aged 14 to 18 years (85%). Fifty percent of all injuries occurred in the lower extremity, and soft tissue injuries were the most frequently observed diagnosis (49%). Mild traumatic brain injury accounted for 6% of all injuries. Of marching band injury, 98% did not require escalation of care. Based on these findings, we suggest targeted public health intervention by sports medicine teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Coene
- Department of Pediatrics, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick T Reeves
- Department of Pediatrics, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Bjørndal CT, Hausken-Sutter S, Møller M, Myklebust G, Grindem H. Exploring the interplay of interpersonal and contextual dynamics in youth sports injuries: a comprehensive narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001964. [PMID: 39021867 PMCID: PMC11253767 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Injuries are recognised in sports and exercise medicine as not isolated incidents but complex outcomes. This is because an athlete's health trajectory is understood to be shaped by dynamic, complex linkages between individual performance, biology, and the wider social and cultural contexts and systems in which individuals perform. Despite this recognition, little attention has been paid to how interpersonal and contextual dynamics can potentially affect the risk of injury by influencing the choices and decisions made by coaches, parents and athletes. To address this gap, this narrative review bridges insights from sociocultural studies in sports with the findings of sports injury research. The narrative review aims to identify and summarise how interpersonal and contextual dynamics influence the risk of youth sports injuries. The results reveal the pressures faced by athletes, often leading to compromised health. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of designing complex interventions and strategies to promote healthier practices in youth sports. Specifically, intervention programmes should prioritise raising awareness of injury risks, cultivating effective communication skills and fostering supportive training environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Thue Bjørndal
- Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Child and Youth Sport Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Merete Møller
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grethe Myklebust
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Grindem
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Fehr CJ, West SW, Hagel BE, Goulet C, Emery CA. Head Contact and Suspected Concussion Rates in Youth Basketball: Time to Target Head Contact Penalties for Prevention. Clin J Sport Med 2024:00042752-990000000-00207. [PMID: 38975899 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare game events, head contact (HC) rates, and suspected concussion incidence rates (IRs) in boys' and girls' youth basketball. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Canadian club basketball teams (U16-U18). PARTICIPANTS Players from 24 boys' and 24 girls' Canadian club basketball teams during the 2022 season. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS Recorded games were analyzed using Dartfish video analysis software to compare sexes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate HCs [direct (HC1) and indirect (HC2)], suspected concussion IRs, and IR ratios (IRRs). Game event, court location, and HC1 fouls were reported. RESULTS Division 1 HC rates did not differ between boys (n = 238; IR = 0.50/10 player-minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.56) and girls (n = 220; IR = 0.46/10 player-minutes; 95% CI, 0.40-0.52). Division 2 boys experienced 252 HCs (IR = 0.53/10 player-minutes; 95% CI, 0.46-0.59); girls experienced 192 HCs (IR = 0.40/10 player-minutes; 95% CI, 0.35-0.46). Division 2 boys sustained higher HC1 IRs compared with Division 2 girls (IRR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.15-1.74). Head contacts, rates did not differ between boys and girls in either Division. Suspected concussion IRs were not significantly different for boys and girls in each Division. Head contacts occurred mostly in the key for boys and girls in each Division. Despite illegality, HC1 penalization ranged from 3.9% to 19.7%. Head contact mechanisms varied across Divisions and sexes. CONCLUSIONS Despite current safety measures, both HCs and suspected concussions occur in boys' and girls' basketball. Despite the illegality and potential danger associated with HC, only a small proportion of direct HCs were penalized and therefore targeting greater enforcement of these contacts may be a promising prevention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy J Fehr
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen W West
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Centre for Health, and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- UK Collaborating Centre for Illness and Injury Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; and
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Qin Z, Qin Y, Wang J. Neuromuscular Training Effects on Athletes' Jumping and Lower Limb Injury: A Systematic Review. J Mot Behav 2024; 56:600-613. [PMID: 38967242 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2369699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on athletes' jumping performance and lower limb injury prevention. A thorough search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library, identified a sample of 19,805 athletes aged between 8.5 and 27.7 years. Results showed that INT led to a significant improvement in jumping ability (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.30-0.60, P = 0.000) and a reduction in lower limb injuries (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.62-0.74, P = 0.000). The most effective interventions lasted at least 25 minutes, conducted 2-5 times per week, for a minimum of 9 weeks. This approach was particularly beneficial for children and adolescents, as it enhanced their countermovement jump (CMJ) ability and helped in the prevention of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Qin
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | | | - Junsheng Wang
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Lutz D, van den Berg C, Räisänen AM, Shill IJ, Kim J, Vaandering K, Hayden A, Pasanen K, Schneider KJ, Emery CA, Owoeye OBA. Best practices for the dissemination and implementation of neuromuscular training injury prevention warm-ups in youth team sport: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:615-625. [PMID: 38684329 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate best practices for neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programme dissemination and implementation (D&I) in youth team sports, including characteristics, contextual predictors and D&I strategy effectiveness. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Seven databases were searched. ELIGIBILITY The literature search followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. INCLUSION CRITERIA participation in a team sport, ≥70% youth participants (<19 years), D&I outcomes with/without NMT-related D&I strategies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Downs & Black checklist. RESULTS Of 8334 identified papers, 68 were included. Sport participants included boys, girls and coaches. Top sports were soccer, basketball and rugby. Study designs included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (29.4%), cross-sectional (23.5%) and quasi-experimental studies (13.2%). The median Downs & Black score was 14/33. Injury prevention effectiveness (vs efficacy) was rarely (8.3%) prioritised across the RCTs evaluating NMT programmes. Two RCTs (2.9%) used Type 2/3 hybrid approaches to investigate D&I strategies. 19 studies (31.6%) used D&I frameworks/models. Top barriers were time restrictions, lack of buy-in/support and limited benefit awareness. Top facilitators were comprehensive workshops and resource accessibility. Common D&I strategies included Workshops with supplementary Resources (WR; n=24) and Workshops with Resources plus in-season Personnel support (WRP; n=14). WR (70%) and WRP (64%) were similar in potential D&I effect. WR and WRP had similar injury reduction (36-72%) with higher adherence showing greater effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Workshops including supplementary resources supported the success of NMT programme implementation, however, few studies examined effectiveness. High-quality D&I studies are needed to optimise the translation of NMT programmes into routine practice in youth sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny Lutz
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla van den Berg
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anu M Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy Education - Oregon, Western University of Health Sciences College of Health Sciences - Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
| | - Isla J Shill
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jemma Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware College of Health Sciences, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Kenzie Vaandering
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alix Hayden
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Tampere Research Center for Sports Medicine, Ukk Instituutti, Tampere, Finland
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Medicine Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Eubank BHF, Takahashi T, Shields R, Martyn J, Zhao RX, Lackey SW, Slomp M, Werle JR, Robert J, Hui C. Development of a Soft Tissue Knee Clinical Decision-Making Tool for Patients Presenting to Primary Point-of-Care Providers in Alberta, Canada. J Prim Care Community Health 2024; 15:21501319241271953. [PMID: 39219463 PMCID: PMC11369871 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241271953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Several barriers exist in Alberta, Canada to providing accurate and accessible diagnoses for patients presenting with acute knee injuries and chronic knee problems. In efforts to improve quality of care for these patients, an evidence-informed clinical decision-making tool was developed. Forty-five expert panelists were purposively chosen to represent stakeholder groups, various expertise, and each of Alberta Health Services' 5 geographical health regions. A systematic rapid review and modified Delphi approach were executed with the intention of developing standardized clinical decision-making processes for acute knee injuries, atraumatic/overuse conditions, knee arthritis, and degenerative meniscus. Standardized criteria for screening, history-taking, physical examination, diagnostic imaging, timelines, and treatment were developed. This tool standardizes and optimizes assessment and diagnosis of acute knee injuries and chronic knee problems in Alberta. This project was a highly collaborative, province-wide effort led by Alberta Health Services' Bone and Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network (BJH SCN) and the Alberta Bone and Joint Health Institute (ABJHI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Takahashi
- Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Rebound Health Centre Ltd, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Shields
- Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- University of Calgary Sport Medicine Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jason Martyn
- Alberta Health Services Corporate Office, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Mel Slomp
- Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Health Services Corporate Office, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason R. Werle
- Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jill Robert
- Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Health Services Corporate Office, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Hui
- Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Kara ÖS, Torgutalp SS, Turhan E, Dönmez G, Korkusuz F. Operative treatment in non-emergency sports injuries: a sports medicine clinic experience. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2023; 51:596-602. [PMID: 36416053 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2151325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate referrals from sports medicine clinic (SMC) to orthopedics, consensus rates among physicians and surgeons on surgical need in these patients, and reasoning of the patients who refused to have surgery despite the recommendations by both groups in non-emergency sports injury patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis by using the administrative and referral records of a sports medicine clinic for the 15 months between October 2017 and January 2019. Gender, age, diagnosis, and type of sport were compared between two groups (patients referred to orthopedics vs patients treated in SMC). Agreement between orthopedics and SMC on surgical need in those patients who were referred to orthopedics was evaluated. We additionally screened the hospital archive for surgery reports of patients recommended surgery, and, if a patient did not have a surgery record, we investigated the reasons by telephone interview and categorized these reasons. RESULTS Surgical evaluation needed for 4.7% (n = 155) of the patients. Patients referred to orthopedics were younger (median: 22.0 years), mostly male (n = 119, 76.8%), and involved in contact sports (n = 108, 69.7%) (p < 0.001 for all) compared to patients treated conservatively. Majority of the consultations were made owing to certain diagnoses such as cruciate/collateral ligament sprain (n = 70, 45.2%), meniscal tear (n = 21, 13.5%), and cartilage injuries (n = 15, 9.7%). Most of the patients diagnosed with Achilles tendon rupture (n = 2, 100%) and patellar instability (n = 13, 81.3%) were referred to surgery. Orthopedics agreed with the sports medicine physicians' opinions in most cases (n = 110, 71.0%). Thirty-four patients (30.9%) recommended surgery by the surgeon postponed/refused the treatment for various reasons or had surgery in another hospital. CONCLUSION Most non-emergency sports injuries can be treated conservatively. Young and male patients participating in contact sports are more likely to need surgical treatment. Non-surgeon musculoskeletal health-care providers may consider referring patients to orthopedics considering the data demonstrated in this study. Nevertheless, patient's motivation to undergo an operation should be considered before referring to orthopedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Serkan Kara
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Sports Medicine, Health Sciences, University Gülhane Medical Faculty, 06010, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serife Seyma Torgutalp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Egemen Turhan
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gürhan Dönmez
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feza Korkusuz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
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de Azevedo Sodré Silva A, Sassi LB, Martins TB, de Menezes FS, Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Okubo R. Epidemiology of injuries in young volleyball athletes: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:748. [PMID: 37789463 PMCID: PMC10548731 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volleyball is among the five most popular sports in the world. Regardless of level and age, volleyball athletes perform fast high-impact movements such as jumps, landings, and changes in direction, demanding motor and sensory skills to avoid injuries. The available scientific literature provides information regarding the incidence of injuries in volleyball, but the evidence of injuries in young volleyball athletes (12-18 years old) is not well defined. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to investigate the incidence and prevalence of injuries in young volleyball players. METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA recommendations and prospectively registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022344623). An electronic search was conducted in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and SportDiscuss via EBSCO in August 2022 and March 2023. Inclusion criteria followed the PICOS acronym: (P) youth volleyball players; (I) volleyball; (C) none; (O) incidence and/or prevalence of injury; and (S) cohort studies. The risk of bias was analysed using the adapted STROBE instrument. RESULTS Five studies were included in the qualitative analysis. They had a mean methodological quality of 6 (range 4-8) on the modified STROBE scale. Injury incidence was presented in varying ways, ranging from 1.51 injuries/1000 player hours to 12.4 injuries/10,000 athlete exposures (AEs). The prevalence was 1.6 ± 1.7 per 100 AEs. A total sample of 3698 youth volleyball athletes predominantly females was found. The body sites with the highest rate of injuries were the ankle, the distal portion of the upper limbs (wrist/hand/fingers) and the knee, respectively. CONCLUSION There was remarkable variability in the rate of injuries and the form of presentation between the studies. In addition, junior volleyball athletes had lower injury rates compared to other sports practised in high school, and older athletes had higher injury rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Beatriz Sassi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Beppler Martins
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fábio Sprada de Menezes
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Medical Centre, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of SalernoUniversity Hospital Sant' Andrea, University La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke on Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4DG, UK
| | - Rodrigo Okubo
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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9
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Eliason P, Galarneau JM, Shill I, Kolstad A, Babul S, Mrazik M, Lebrun C, Dukelow S, Schneider K, Hagel B, Emery C. Factors Associated With Concussion Rates in Youth Ice Hockey Players: Data From the Largest Longitudinal Cohort Study in Canadian Youth Ice Hockey. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:497-504. [PMID: 37432327 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine factors associated with rates of game and practice-related concussion in youth ice hockey. DESIGN Five-year prospective cohort (Safe2Play). SETTING Community arenas (2013-2018). PARTICIPANTS Four thousand eighteen male and 405 female ice hockey players (6584 player-seasons) participating in Under-13 (ages 11-12), Under-15 (ages 13-14), and Under-18 (ages 15-17) age groups. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS Bodychecking policy, age group, year of play, level of play, previous injury in the previous year, lifetime concussion history, sex, player weight, and playing position. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS All game-related concussions were identified using validated injury surveillance methodology. Players with a suspected concussion were referred to a study sport medicine physician for diagnosis and management. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis including multiple imputation of missing covariates estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs). MAIN RESULTS A total of 554 game and 63 practice-related concussions were sustained over the 5 years. Female players (IRR Female/Male = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.26-2.53), playing in lower levels of play (IRR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.10-1.77), and those with a previous injury (IRR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.88) or lifetime concussion history (IRR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.34-2.00) had higher rates of game-related concussion. Policy disallowing bodychecking in games (IRR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40-0.72) and being a goaltender (IRR Goaltenders/Forwards = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38-0.87) were protective against game-related concussion. Female sex was also associated with a higher practice-related concussion rate (IRR Female/Male = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.24-5.59). CONCLUSIONS In the largest Canadian youth ice hockey longitudinal cohort to date, female players (despite policy disallowing bodychecking), players participating in lower levels of play, and those with an injury or concussion history had higher rates of concussion. Goalies and players in leagues that disallowed bodychecking had lower rates. Policy prohibiting bodychecking remains an effective concussion prevention strategy in youth ice hockey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eliason
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Galarneau
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Isla Shill
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ash Kolstad
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Mrazik
- Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Constance Lebrun
- Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Glen Sather Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sean Dukelow
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brent Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; and
- Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; and
- Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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10
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Guan Y, Bredin SS, Taunton J, Jiang Q, Wu N, Warburton DE. Predicting the Risk of Injuries Through Assessments of Asymmetric Lower Limb Functional Performance: A Prospective Study of 415 Youth Taekwondo Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231185586. [PMID: 37655257 PMCID: PMC10467375 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231185586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of interlimb asymmetries on sport injuries is unclear because of inconsistent findings, and there is a lack of research on youth athletes and the sport of taekwondo. Purpose To examine the effects of functional interlimb asymmetries on noncontact lower limb injuries in youth athletes. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods A total of 415 taekwondo athletes (318 boys and 97 girls) aged 6 to 17 years underwent baseline testing to determine interlimb asymmetries through the single-leg countermovement jump (CMJ), hop, and triple hop tests as well as the Star Excursion Balance Test. The athletes were then evaluated for 12 months to observe the occurrence of noncontact lower limb injuries. Results During the study, 98 athletes (70 boys and 28 girls) sustained at least 1 noncontact lower limb injury. Athletes with higher interlimb asymmetries in single-leg CMJ height showed a significantly increased risk of noncontact lower limb injuries (boys: odds ratio [OR], 1.053 [95% CI, 1.027-1.080], P < .001; girls: OR, 1.070 [95% CI, 1.016-1.128], P = .011). Asymmetry in single-leg CMJ height of ≥15.28% was found to be the cutoff point for predicting noncontact lower limb injuries in boys (OR, 4.652 [95% CI, 2.577-8.398]; P < .001). Conclusion This study highlights the utility of interlimb asymmetries in unilateral jump performance as a tool for assessing the risk of noncontact lower limb injuries in youth taekwondo athletes of both sexes. A proper evaluation of interlimb asymmetries may improve prevention strategies for youth athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guan
- School of Physical Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon S.D. Bredin
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jack Taunton
- Allan McGavin Sports Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qinxian Jiang
- Department of Physical Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Nana Wu
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darren E.R. Warburton
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Volkova VG, Räisänen A, Benson LC, Ferber R, Kenny SJ. Systematic review of methods used to measure training load in dance. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001484. [PMID: 37457429 PMCID: PMC10347480 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dance is a popular physical activity. Increased dance training has been associated with an increased risk of injury. Given the established association between training load (TL) and injury in sport, knowledge of how TL is currently being measured in dance is critical. The objective of this study is to summarise published literature examining TL monitoring in dance settings. Six prominent databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, ProQuest, Scopus, SportDiscus) were searched and nine dance-specific journals were handsearched up to May 2022. Selected studies met inclusion criteria, where original TL data were collected from at least one dancer in a class, rehearsal and/or performance. Studies were excluded if TL was not captured in a dance class, rehearsal or performance. Two reviewers independently assessed each record for inclusion at title, abstract and full-text screening stages. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool checklists for each study design. The 199 included studies reported on female dancers (61%), ballet genre (55%) and the professional level (31%). Dance hours were the most common tool used to measure TL (90%), followed by heart rate (20%), and portable metabolic systems (9%). The most common metric for each tool was mean weekly hours (n=381; median=9.5 hours, range=0.2-48.7 hours), mean heart rate (n=143) and mean oxygen consumption (n=93). Further research on TL is needed in dance, including a consensus on what tools and metrics are best suited for TL monitoring in dance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya G Volkova
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anu Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
| | - Lauren Christine Benson
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Tonal Strength Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Reed Ferber
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Running Injury Clinic, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah J Kenny
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- School of Creative and Performing Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Tummala SV, Morikawa L, Brinkman JC, Crijns TJ, Vij N, Gill V, Kile TA, Patel K, Chhabra A. Characterization of Ankle Injuries and Associated Risk Factors in the National Basketball Association: Minutes Per Game and Usage Rate Associated With Time Loss. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231184459. [PMID: 37529529 PMCID: PMC10387785 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231184459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ankle injuries are more common in the National Basketball Association (NBA) compared with other professional sports. Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to report the incidence and associated risk factors of ankle injuries in NBA athletes. It was hypothesized that factors associated with an increased physiologic burden, such as minutes per game (MPG), usage rate, and associated lower extremity injury, would be associated with increased ankle injury risk and time loss. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Ankle injury data from the 2015-2016 through 2020-2021 NBA seasons were evaluated. The truncated 2019-2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic was omitted. The primary outcome was the incidence of ankle injuries, reported per 1000 game-exposures (GEs). Secondary analysis was performed to identify risk factors for ankle injuries through bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression of player demographic characteristics, performance statistics, injury characteristics, and previous lower extremity injuries. Factors influencing the time loss after injury were assessed via a negative binomial regression analysis. Results A total of 554 ankle injuries (4.06 injuries per 1000 GEs) were sustained by NBA players over 5 NBA seasons, with sprain/strain the most common injury type (3.71 injuries per 1000 GEs). The majority of ankle injury events (55%) resulted in 2 to 10 game absences. The likelihood of sustaining an ankle injury was significantly associated with a greater number of games played (P = .029) and previous injury to the hip, hamstring, or quadriceps (P = .004). Increased length of absence due to ankle injury was associated with greater height (P = .019), MPG (P < .001), usage rate (P = .025), points per game (P = .011), and a prior history of foot (P = .003), ankle (P < .001), and knee injuries (P < .001). Conclusion The incidence of ankle injuries was 4.06 per 1000 GEs in professional basketball players. Games played and prior history of hip, hamstring, or quadriceps injuries were found to be risk factors for ankle injuries. Factors associated with physiologic burden such as MPG and usage rate were associated with an increased time loss after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tom J. Crijns
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Neeraj Vij
- Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Vikram Gill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Todd A. Kile
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Karan Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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13
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Jo KH, Lee SM, So WY, Lee EJ. Mediating Effect of Sports Safety Awareness between Sports Activity Habits and the Intention to Complete Safety Education among Korean Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1891. [PMID: 37444725 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the importance of safety during sports activities continues to gain emphasis socially, the interest in creating a culture of safety and safety education to support this is also increasing. However, no study has examined the willingness of adolescents to complete safety education voluntarily. To identify methods of building a culture of sports safety among adolescents, this study investigated the structural relationship among three related variables: sports activity habits, intention to complete safety education, and sports safety awareness of Korean adolescents. METHODS Data on 3928 adolescents aged 13-18 years old from the 2019 Sports Safety Accident Survey conducted by the Korea Sports Safety Foundation were analyzed. This encompassed frequency analysis, scale reliability, validity verification, descriptive statistics analysis, path analysis, and mediating effect verification. RESULTS The results indicated that sports activity habits among these adolescents had a positive effect on their sports safety awareness and on their intention to complete safety education; further, their sports safety awareness had a positive effect on their intention to complete safety education. The results also showed that sports safety awareness had a partial mediating effect between sports activity habits and intention to complete safety education. The willingness of adolescents to voluntarily complete safety education is particularly important, as adolescence is a critical period when lifelong safety habits can be formed. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, discussions on creating safe sports activity habits for adolescents and continuous education on sports safety awareness are needed. Ultimately, we need to improve sports safety awareness by paying attention to the development and implementation of sports safety education programs for adolescents as a national policy and, through this, increase their willingness to complete safety education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hee Jo
- Center for Textbook Authorization, Department of Curriculum and Textbook, Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation, Jincheon-gun 27873, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Man Lee
- Department of Sports Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sport Medicine Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jae Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kamiya T, Teramoto A, Otsubo H, Matsumura T, Ikeda Y, Watanabe K, Yamashita T. Risk factors of lower extremity injuries in youth athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001493. [PMID: 36741788 PMCID: PMC9896231 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Lower extremity sports injuries frequently occur during an individual's growth period. The object of the current study was to analyse the risk factors for lower extremity sports injuries for youth athletes. The secondary objective was to clarify the factors related to new injuries after a lower extremity injury. Methods We extracted information on youth athletes (aged 10-15 years) with sports-related disorders. Background data and injury situations were collected via a specific application. During the follow-up period, new injuries were also recorded. The athletes were divided into two groups according to injury location (lower extremity or other). We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to clarify the association between injury location and background data. Results 1575 complaints of lower extremity disorders and 328 complaints in other body parts were registered. According to the multiple regression analysis, practice time per week was significantly shorter for the lower extremity group than the other locations group (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.963 to 0.999). Athletes whose future goal was at the recreational level had a significantly low incidence of new injuries after experiencing lower extremity disorders. Conclusion The practice environments and psychological factors should receive more attention to prevent lower extremity injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kamiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chitose City Hospital, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsushi Teramoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidenori Otsubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Ikeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Physical Therapy, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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15
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Al Attar WSA, Ghulam H, Al Arifi S, Alomar AI, Alhosaini S, Alharbi S, Alraddadi Y, Sanders RH. Injury prevention programs including balance exercises with compliance and follow-up reduce the incidence of knee injuries in athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-220084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The knee is one of the most common injuries in sports. However, the incidence of knee injuries can be decreased by enhancing balance and neuromuscular control. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate how injury prevention programs (IPPs) that include balance training influence knee injury rates in athletes. METHODS: Data were obtained from different databases (1985–2021). Only randomised controlled trials that used IPPs that include balance training, were considered. Two investigators extracted data from the qualifying documents. The critical outcome data elements derived from the included studies were the number of ACL/knee injuries, ACL/knee injury rates, exposure hours, compliance rate, and follow-up duration. RESULTS: Compared to the control groups, those who participated in the IPP had a 54% lower risk of knee injuries per 1000 hours of exposure (IRR 0.457 (95% CI 0.346–0.603), P= 0.001) and a 60% lower risk of ACL injuries per 1000 hours of exposure (IRR 0.401 (95% CI 0.215–0.750), P= 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: IPPs that include balance training may reduce the risk of knee injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Saleh A. Al Attar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Ghulam
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Al Arifi
- Department of Physical Therapy, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I. Alomar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Security Forces Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhosaini
- Department of Physical Therapy, King Fahd Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Alharbi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alraddadi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ross H. Sanders
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Butler LS, Janosky JJ, Sugimoto D. Pediatric and Adolescent Knee Injuries. Clin Sports Med 2022; 41:799-820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Zając B, Mika A, Gaj PK, Ambroży T. Does Cycling Training Reduce Quality of Functional Movement Motor Patterns and Dynamic Postural Control in Adolescent Cyclists? A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12109. [PMID: 36231409 PMCID: PMC9566619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether cycling training may influence quality of functional movement patterns and dynamic postural control. We also sought to determine if the Functional Movement Screen and Lower Quarter Y-balance tests could be predictive of injury risk among adolescent road cyclists. Twenty-three male road cyclists, aged 15-18 years, were involved in the study. Quality of functional movement patterns was assessed using the Functional Movement Screen test (FMS). Dynamic postural control was evaluated using the Lower Quarter Y-balance test (YBT-LQ). Information on injury occurrence was collected through a retrospective survey. The results showed the highest percentage of scores equalling 0 and 1 (>30% in total) in two FMS component tests: the hurdle step and trunk stability push-up. The results also demonstrated a low injury predictive value of the Functional Movement Screen (cut-off <14/21 composite score) and the Lower Quarter Y-balance test (cut-off <94% composite score and >4 cm reach distance asymmetry) in adolescent road cyclists. The most important information obtained from this study is that youth road cyclists may have functional deficits within the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex and the trunk, while neither the FMS nor the YBT-LQ test are not recommended for injury risk screening in cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Zając
- Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics, Central Scientific and Research Laboratory, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Mika
- Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Ambroży
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
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18
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Injury prevention programs that include balance training exercises reduce ankle injury rates among soccer players: a systematic review. J Physiother 2022; 68:165-173. [PMID: 35753965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION What is the effect of injury prevention programs that include balance training exercises on the incidence of ankle injuries among soccer players? DESIGN Systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS Soccer players of any age, sex or competition level. INTERVENTIONS The experimental intervention was an injury prevention program that included balance training exercises. The control intervention was the soccer team's usual warm-up program. OUTCOME MEASURES Exposure-based ankle injury rates. RESULTS Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The pooled results of injury prevention programs that included balance training exercises among 4,959 soccer players showed a 36% reduction in ankle injury per 1,000 hours of exposure compared to the control group with an injury risk ratio (IRR) of 0.64 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.77). The pooled results of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) injury prevention programs caused a 37% reduction in ankle injury (IRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.84) and balance-training exercises alone cause a 42% reduction in ankle injury (IRR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.84). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that balance exercises alone or as part of an injury prevention program decrease the risk of ankle injuries. PROSPERO CRD42017054450.
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19
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Factors Associated with School Sports Injury among Elementary and Middle School Students in Shanghai, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116406. [PMID: 35681991 PMCID: PMC9180226 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
School sports activity (SSA) is beneficial to gaining and maintaining optimal health among elementary and middle school students but might increase risks for school sports injury (SSI). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the incidence and identify risk factors of SSI among Chinese elementary and middle school students in Shanghai. Students in grades 4–5 (elementary) and 7–9 (middle) from three k-12 schools (aged from 9 to 16 years old) in Shanghai selected via the method of cluster random sampling were invited to participate in the study. Information on socio-demography, sleep duration, individual internal and external risk factors, and SSI experiences in the past 12 months was collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to estimate the risk factors of SSI. A total of 1303 participants completed the questionnaires, with an overall SSI incidence rate of 29.5%. Along with boys, elementary school students, and sports team members, students scoring high on internal and external risk factors were at higher risk for SSA. In summary, SSI was prevalent among elementary and middle school students in Shanghai, China, and was associated with several modifiable risk factors. The findings provide insights regarding actions that could be taken to reduce the occurrence of SSI and maximize the benefits of SSA, including improvements in safety education, maintenance of facilities and equipment, and completion of warm-up exercises.
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20
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Causal effects, workload and injury risk: The importance of specifying the research question. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:574-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Marshall AN, Root HJ, Valovich McLeod TC, Lam KC. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Pediatric Patients With Sport-Related Injuries: A Systematic Review. J Athl Train 2022; 57:371-384. [PMID: 34478555 PMCID: PMC9020602 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0598.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite a call to incorporate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into all aspects of health care, little is known about which instruments are best suited for a pediatric patient population with sport-related injury. The objective of this article was to perform a systematic review of the currently available evidence to determine which PROMs were used for pediatric patients with sport-related injuries and identify the associated psychometric properties and considerations for clinical utility. We conducted a literature search for articles on PROMs used in the pediatric population through electronic databases and a manual search of reference lists and authors between from inception to 2020. Articles were grouped based on the PROM(s) included, and considerations for clinical utility and psychometric properties were extracted from each article. Thirty-nine articles were included in this review, from which 22 PROMs were identified: 12 PROMs were developed specifically for the pediatric population, 4 were modified versions of an adult scale, and 6 were adult measures used in a pediatric population. Of the PROMs included in this review, the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory were the most comprehensive in their development and assessment. Several outcome measures used for pediatric patients had missing or inadequate measurement properties and considerations for clinical utility, particularly in regard to readability, responsiveness, and interpretability. Clinicians and researchers should consider a measure's feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness, and psychometric properties when selecting a PROM for use with the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Marshall
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC
| | - Hayley J. Root
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Phoenix
| | - Tamara C. Valovich McLeod
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences
- Athletic Training Programs and School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, A.T. Still University, Mesa
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22
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Thompson F, Rongen F, Cowburn I, Till K. The Impacts of Sports Schools on Holistic Athlete Development: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:1879-1917. [PMID: 35260992 PMCID: PMC9325842 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background To understand the multiple and wide-ranging impacts of intensified youth sport, the need for a holistic approach to athlete development has recently been advocated. Sports schools are an increasingly popular operationalisation of intensified youth sport, aiming to offer an optimal environment for holistic development by combining sport and education. Yet, no study has systematically explored the impacts associated with sports schools. Objectives The aims of this mixed method systematic review were to (1) determine the characteristics and features of sports schools; (2) identify the methods used to evaluate sports school impacts, and (3) evaluate the positive and negative holistic athlete development impacts associated with sports school programme involvement. Methods Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, eight electronic databases were searched until the final return in February 2021. Forty-six articles satisfied the inclusion criteria, were analysed thematically, and synthesised using a narrative approach. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results Findings indicated (1) sports school student-athletes receive considerable support in terms of academic and athletic services, more intensified training and competition schedules with high-level training partners, but regularly miss school; (2) multiple methods have been used to evaluate student-athlete impacts, making comparison across studies and developing consensus on the impacts of sports schools difficult; and (3) there are a multitude of immediate, short- and long-term positive and negative impacts associated with the academic/vocational, athletic/physical, psychosocial and psychological development of sports school student-athletes. Conclusions This study is the first to systematically review the research literature to understand the impacts associated with sports schools in terms of holistic athlete development. Practitioners should be aware that they can promote (positive) and negate (negative) health impacts through the design of an appropriate learning environment that simultaneously balances multiple training, academic, psychosocial and psychological factors that can be challenging for youth athletes. We recommend that practitioners aim to design and implement monitoring and evaluation tools that assess the holistic development of student-athletes within their sports schools to ensure they are promoting all-round and healthy youth athlete development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ffion Thompson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK. .,Queen Ethelburga's College, Thorpe Underwood, York, UK. .,Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Room G07, Cavendish Hall, Headingley Campus, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK.
| | - Fieke Rongen
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ian Cowburn
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
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Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Nutritional Status and Physical Activity Levels and a Sports Injury Reported in Children: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040870. [PMID: 35215520 PMCID: PMC8875659 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to analyze dose–response associations between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and physical activity levels with childhood sports injury rates. Methods: Participants included pre-pregnant mothers (n = 4811) and their children at the age of 7 years (n = 3311). Maternal anthropometry (height, weight, and body mass index), time spent in physical activity, and education level were recorded. All sports injuries were defined as injuries reported in the past year by the children at the age of 7 years. Results: Children whose mothers were overweight/obese in the pre-pregnancy period were 2.04 (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.12–3.71) times more likely to report a sports injury at the age of 7 years. Underweight mothers exhibited a 74% decrease in the odds of their children reporting a sports injury at follow-up (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.10–0.68). Finally, an increase in maternal physical activity across the last three quartiles was associated with a lower odds of sports injuries. Conclusions: The risk of reporting a sports injury was greater for children whose mothers were overweight/obese in the pre-pregnancy period. However, there was a lower risk with both maternal underweight status and increasing minutes of physical activity.
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Guan Y, Bredin SSD, Taunton J, Jiang Q, Wu N, Warburton DER. Association between Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Lower-Limb Functional Performance and Sport Injury: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020360. [PMID: 35054054 PMCID: PMC8779786 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inter-limb asymmetry in lower-limb functional performance has been associated with increased risk of sport injury; however, findings are not always consistent. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review on whether inter-limb asymmetry in lower-limb functional performance can predict sport injury. Methods: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SportDiscus) were systematically searched for prospective cohort studies reporting the association between inter-limb asymmetry in lower-limb functional performance and sport injury. Results: A total of 28 prospective cohort studies were included in the analyses. Collectively, the findings were highly inconsistent, and a clear statement on the association between each asymmetry and sport injury was difficult. Conclusions: Highly inconsistent findings make it difficult to create clear recommendations on the relationship between the inter-limb asymmetry in lower-limb functional performance (power, muscle flexibility, and dynamic balance) and sport injury. The influence of potential factors (selection of tests/parameters, participant characteristics, definition of injury, and ways of calculating asymmetry) should be considered when using previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guan
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.G.); (S.S.D.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Shannon S. D. Bredin
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.G.); (S.S.D.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Jack Taunton
- Allan McGavin Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Qinxian Jiang
- Department of Physical Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China;
| | - Nana Wu
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.G.); (S.S.D.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Darren E. R. Warburton
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.G.); (S.S.D.B.); (N.W.)
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-822-4603
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The "SHRed Injuries Basketball" Neuromuscular Training Warm-up Program Reduces Ankle and Knee Injury Rates by 36% in Youth Basketball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:40-48. [PMID: 34972488 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.10959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular training warm-up prevention program, Surveillance in High school and community sport to Reduce (SHRed) Injuries Basketball, for reducing all-complaint ankle and knee injuries in youth basketball players. DESIGN Quasi-experimental study. METHODS High school/club basketball teams (male and female players aged 11-18 years) in Calgary, Canada participated in 2016-2017 (control; season 1) and 2017-2018 (intervention; season 2). The control season included a standard-of-practice warm-up. In season 2, a SHRed Injuries Basketball coach workshop was completed by participating team coaches. Teams were randomized by school/club to an unsupervised or a supervised (weekly supervision by study personnel) implementation of the coach-delivered SHRed Injuries Basketball program. The 10-minute SHRed Injuries Basketball program included 13 exercises (ie, aerobic, agility, strength, balance). All-complaint ankle and knee injuries were collected weekly using validated injury surveillance. Multilevel, multivariable Poisson regression analyses (considering important covariates, clustering by team and individual, and offset by exposure hours) estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by intervention group (season 1 versus season 2) and secondarily considered the control versus completion of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program, unsupervised and supervised. RESULTS Sixty-three teams (n = 502 players) participated in season 1 and 31 teams (n = 307 players: 143 unsupervised, 164 supervised) participated in season 2. The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was protective against all-complaint knee and ankle injuries (IRR = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51, 0.79). Unsupervised (IRR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.83) and supervised (IRR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85) implementations of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program had similar protective effects. CONCLUSION The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was associated with a 36% lower rate of ankle and knee injuries. Neuromuscular training warm-ups are recommended as the minimal standard of practice for injury prevention in youth basketball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(1):40-48. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10959.
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Cairo AL, Räisänen AM, Shill I, Black AM, Emery CA. High Injury and Concussion Rates in Female Youth Team Sport: An Opportunity for Prevention. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:608-615. [PMID: 34781391 DOI: 10.1055/a-1697-2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate sport-related injury rates, types, locations, and mechanisms in female youth team sports.This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. An anonymous online survey was administered to high school students (ages 14-19) in Canada. The survey included questions regarding demographic information, sport participation and self-reported injuries sustained in the past year. Results were analyzed for girls who reported playing a top ten team sports for female participation. For girls participating in team sports, the overall injury rate was 55.5 injuries/100 participants/year. The rate of at least one concussion was 9.4 concussions/100 participants/year. Injury and concussion rates were highest in ringette (Injury rate=42.9 injuries/100 participants/year, Concussion rate=19.0 concussions/100 participants/year) and rugby (Injury rate=40.0, Concussion rate=15.3). The top three most serious injury locations were the knee (24.7%), ankle (21.6%) and head (16.1%). The most common injury types were joint/ligament sprain (26.71%), fracture (13.0%) and concussion (11.8%). Contact mechanisms accounted for 73.4% of all serious injuries reported in girls team sports.Team sport injury rates are high in female youth team sports. Specific consideration of sport-specific injury rates, types and mechanisms in girls' team sports will inform development and evaluation of targeted sport-specific prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Cairo
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anu M Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, United States
| | - Isla Shill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Amanda M Black
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - C A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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27
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Guan Y, Bredin SSD, Taunton J, Jiang Q, Wu N, Li Y, Warburton DER. Risk Factors for Non-Contact Lower-Limb Injury: A Retrospective Survey in Pediatric-Age Athletes. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143171. [PMID: 34300337 PMCID: PMC8307706 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Risk factors for non-contact lower-limb injury in pediatric-age athletes and the effects of lateral dominance in sport (laterally vs. non-laterally dominant sports) on injury have not been investigated. Purpose: To identify risk factors for non-contact lower-limb injury in pediatric-age athletes. Methods: Parents and/or legal guardians of 2269 athletes aged between 6–17 years were recruited. Each participant completed an online questionnaire that contained 10 questions about the athlete’s training and non-contact lower-limb injury in the preceding 12 months. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model determined that lateral dominance in sport (adjusted OR (laterally vs. non-laterally dominant sports), 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10–1.75; p = 0.006), leg preference (adjusted OR (right vs. left-leg preference), 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.95; p = 0.023), increased age (adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16–1.26; p = 0.000), training intensity (adjusted OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.43–2.19; p = 0.000), and training frequency (adjusted OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.25–1.48; p = 0.000) were significantly associated with non-contact lower-limb injury in pediatric-age athletes. Length of training (p = 0.396) and sex (p = 0.310) were not associated with a non-contact lower-limb injury. Conclusions: Specializing in laterally dominant sports, left-leg preference, increase in age, training intensity, and training frequency indicated an increased risk of non-contact lower-limb injury in pediatric-age athletes. Future research should take into account exposure time and previous injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guan
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.G.); (S.S.D.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Shannon S. D. Bredin
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.G.); (S.S.D.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Jack Taunton
- Allan McGavin Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Qinxian Jiang
- Department of Physical Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China;
| | - Nana Wu
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.G.); (S.S.D.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Yongfeng Li
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Ji’nan 250102, China;
| | - Darren E. R. Warburton
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (Y.G.); (S.S.D.B.); (N.W.)
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-822-4603
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Lee ASY, Standage M, Hagger MS, Chan DKC. Applying the trans-contextual model to promote sport injury prevention behaviors among secondary school students. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1840-1852. [PMID: 34174104 PMCID: PMC8456917 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current study tested the effects of an intervention based on the trans‐contextual model (TCM) on secondary school PE students’ sport injury prevention behavior and on theory‐based motivational and social cognition mediators. Participants were PE students (N = 1168; Mage = 13.322 ± 1.045, range = 12–16; female = 51.721%) who participated in a 3‐month cluster‐randomized controlled trial. Schools were randomly assigned to a treatment group, in which PE teachers received training to be more supportive of psychological needs in teaching sport injury prevention, or a control group, in which PE teachers received no training. Participants completed survey measures of TCM variables and self‐reported sport injury prevention behavior at baseline and at 3‐month post‐intervention follow‐up. The proposed TCM model exhibited adequate fit with the data, χ2 = 143.080 (df = 19), CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.916, RMSEA = 0.078 (90% CI = 0.066–0.090), and SRMR = 0.058. We found positive, statistically significant direct intervention effects on changes in perceived psychological need support (β = 0.064, p = 0.020). We also found positive, significant direct (β = 0.086–0.599, p < 0.001) and indirect (β = 0.002–0.027, p = 0.020–0.032) intervention effects on changes in TCM variables and behaviors to prevent sport injuries. Our findings support the TCM as a useful framework for building an intervention for promoting sport injury prevention behaviors among secondary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred S Y Lee
- Centre for Child and Family Science, Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Martyn Standage
- Centre for Motivation and Health Behaviour Change, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Martin S Hagger
- SHARPP Lab, Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Derwin K C Chan
- Centre for Child and Family Science, Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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29
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Mohr M, Pieper R, Löffler S, Schmidt AR, Federolf PA. Sex-Specific Hip Movement Is Correlated With Pelvis and Upper Body Rotation During Running. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:657357. [PMID: 34235137 PMCID: PMC8255915 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.657357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a sex bias for common overuse running injuries that are associated with sex-specific hip kinematics. Gait retraining programs aimed at altering hip kinematics may be more efficient if they incorporated an understanding of how hip kinematics are correlated with the movement of the remaining body segments. We applied a principal component analysis to structure the whole-body running kinematics of 23 runners (12 ♀) into k = 12 principal movements (PMk), describing correlated patterns of upper and lower body movements. We compared the time-dependent movement amplitudes with respect to each PMk between males and females using a waveform analysis and interpreted our findings according to stick figure animations. The movement amplitudes of two PMs (PM6 and PM8) showed statistically significant effects of "sex," which were independent of running speed. According to PM8, females showed more hip adduction, which correlated with increased transverse rotation of the pelvis and upper body compared to men. We propose that increased hip adduction and upper body rotation in female runners may be a strategy to compensate for a less efficient arm and upper body swing compared to men. Gait interventions aimed at reducing hip adduction and running-related injuries in female runners should consider instructions for both upper and lower body to maximize training efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Mohr
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robin Pieper
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sina Löffler
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas R Schmidt
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter A Federolf
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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30
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Currie GR, Lee R, Black AM, Palacios-Derflingher L, Hagel BE, Emery CA, Marshall DA. An Economic Evaluation of Disallowing Body Checking in 11- to 12-Year-Old Ice Hockey Leagues. Sports Health 2021; 14:292-298. [PMID: 34096399 PMCID: PMC8873289 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211021551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: After a national policy change in 2013 disallowing body checking in Pee Wee ice hockey games, the rate of injury was reduced by 50% in Alberta. However, the effect on associated health care costs has not been examined previously. Hypothesis: A national policy removing body checking in Pee Wee (ages 11-12 years) ice hockey games will reduce injury rates, as well as costs. Study Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted alongside a cohort study comparing rates of game injuries in Pee Wee hockey games in Alberta in a season when body checking was allowed (2011-2012) with a season when it was disallowed after a national policy change (2013-2014). The effectiveness measure was the rate of game injuries per 1000 player-hours. Costs were estimated based on associated health care use from both the publicly funded health care system and privately paid health care cost perspectives. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted using bootstrapping. Results: Disallowing body checking significantly reduced the rate of game injuries (−2.21; 95% CI [−3.12, −1.31] injuries per 1000 player-hours). We found no statistically significant difference in public health care system (−$83; 95% CI [−$386, $220]) or private health care costs (−$70; 95% CI [−$198, $57]) per 1000 player-hours. The probability that the policy of disallowing body checking was dominant (with both fewer injuries and lower costs) from the perspective of the public health care system and privately paid health care was 78% and 92%, respectively. Conclusion: Given the significant reduction in injuries, combined with lower public health care system and private costs in the large majority of iterations in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, our findings support the policy change disallowing body checking in ice hockey in 11- and 12-year-old ice hockey leagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian R Currie
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Lee
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda M Black
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luz Palacios-Derflingher
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah A Marshall
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Lagerstrand K, Baranto A, Hebelka H. Different disc characteristics between young elite skiers with diverse training histories revealed with a novel quantitative magnetic resonance imaging method. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021; 30:2082-2089. [PMID: 34013394 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-06869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate if there are differences in thoraco-lumbar disc characteristics between elite skiers and non-athletic controls as well as between different types of elite skiers, with diverse training histories, using a novel quantitative MRI method. METHODS The thoraco-lumbar spine of 58 elite skiers (age = 18.2 ± 1.1 years, 30 males) and 26 normally active controls (age = 16.4 ± 0.6 years, 9 males) was examined using T2w-MRI. Disc characteristics were compared quantitatively between groups using histogram and regional image analyses to determine delta peak and T2-values in five sub-regions. RESULTS A statistical difference in the delta peak value was found between skiers and controls (p <0.001), reflecting higher degree of disc degeneration. The histogram analysis also revealed that the type of training determines where and to what extent the changes occur. Alpine skiers displayed lumbar changes, while mogul skiers displayed changes also in the thoracic spine. Alpine skiers with diverse training dose differed in delta peak value (p = 0.005), where skiers with highest training dose displayed less changes. Regional T2-value differences were found in skiers with divergent training histories (p <0.05), reflecting differences in disc degeneration patterns, foremost within the dorsal annulus. CONCLUSION Differences in quantitative disc characteristics were found not only between elite skiers and non-athletic controls but also between subgroups of elite skiers with diverse training histories. The differences in the disc measures, reflecting tissue degradation, are likely related to type and intensity of the physical training. Future studies are encouraged to explore the relation between disc functionality, training history and pain to establish adequate prevention and rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lagerstrand
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Physics and Techniques, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - A Baranto
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Hebelka
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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32
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Karuc J, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Šarlija M, Marković G, Hadžić V, Trošt-Bobić T, Sorić M. Can Injuries Be Predicted by Functional Movement Screen in Adolescents? The Application of Machine Learning. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:910-919. [PMID: 33555832 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Karuc, J, Mišigoj-Duraković, M, Šarlija, M, Marković, G, Hadžić, V, Trošt-Bobić, T, and Sorić, M. Can injuries be predicted by functional movement screen in adolescents? The application of machine learning. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 910-919, 2021-This study used machine learning (ML) to predict injuries among adolescents by functional movement testing. This research is a part of the CRO-PALS study conducted in a representative sample of adolescents and analyses for this study are based on nonathletic (n = 364) and athletic (n = 192) subgroups of the cohort (16-17 years). Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), body fatness, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), training hours per week, Functional Movement Screen (FMS), and socioeconomic status were assessed at baseline. A year later, data on injury occurrence were collected. The optimal cut-point of the total FMS score for predicting injury was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve. These predictors were included in ML analyses with calculated metrics: area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses with associated criterium of total FMS score >12 showed AUC of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.48-0.59) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.47-0.63), for the nonathletic and athletic youth, respectively. However, in the nonathletic subgroup, ML showed that the Naïve Bayes exhibited highest AUC (0.58), whereas in the athletic group, logistic regression was demonstrated as the model with the best predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.62). In both subgroups, with given predictors: sex, age, BMI, body fat percentage, MVPA, training hours per week, socioeconomic status, and total FMS score, ML can give a more accurate prediction then FMS alone. Results indicate that nonathletic boys who have lower-body fat could be more prone to suffer from injury incidence, whereas among athletic subjects, boys who spend more time training are at a higher risk of being injured. Conclusively, total FMS cut-off scores for each subgroup did not successfully discriminate those who suffered from those who did not suffer from injury, and, therefore, our research does not support FMS as an injury prediction tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Karuc
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Šarlija
- Department of Electric Machines, Drives and Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Marković
- Department of Kinesiology of Sport, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Hadžić
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and
| | - Tatjana Trošt-Bobić
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Richmond SA, Bruin S, Black AM, Pike I, Babul S. Active & Safe Central: using a mixed-methods design and the RE-AIM framework to evaluate a sport and recreational injury prevention resource for practitioners in Canada. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e039070. [PMID: 33436464 PMCID: PMC7805371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An online, evidence-based resource was created to support the development of sport and recreational injury prevention programmes. The resource, called Active & Safe Central (www.activesafe.ca), provides evidence-based information across the public health approach for a number of sport and recreational activities. The objective of this project was to evaluate the perceived usefulness of Active & Safe Central as an educational tool. DESIGN A mixed-methods study design, guided by the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance) framework, was used to evaluate Active & Safe Central. SETTING Data were collected using an online survey, available to all users of the site, and focus groups (n=2) that took place in Vancouver and Toronto, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Survey respondents (n=87) were recruited online, including parents, coaches, youth and adult athletes, and teachers. Focus group participants (n=16) were key stakeholders and end users, recruited from academia, local health sectors, sport and recreational organisations, and not-for-profit injury prevention organisations. RESULTS Post launch, there were 1712 users visiting the website 2306 times (sessions), with the majority representing new users, over returning users (87.5% and 12.5%, respectively). There were 6340 page visits, with the most popular pages including soccer, playgrounds and ice hockey. Active & Safe Central was reported as a credible source of evidence-based sport and recreational information and that the site would be recommended to others. Information collected from focus group participants was used to inform necessary adaptations to the online platform, including critical navigation issues, visualisations and interactivity. The major themes that emerged from focus group and survey data included increased awareness of injury prevention recommendations and that the recommendations would be used in one's own sporting activity and/or practice. CONCLUSIONS The results of the evaluation suggest the tool is a useful resource for sport and recreational injury information that has significant potential to impact prevention practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Richmond
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Bruin
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda M Black
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sports medicine: bespoke player management. Digit Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818914-6.00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Workload a-WEAR-ness: Monitoring Workload in Team Sports With Wearable Technology. A Scoping Review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:549-563. [PMID: 32998615 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (1) identify the wearable devices and associated metrics used to monitor workload and assess injury risk, (2) describe the situations in which workload was monitored using wearable technology (including sports, purpose of the analysis, location and duration of monitoring, and athlete characteristics), and (3) evaluate the quality of evidence that workload monitoring can inform injury prevention. DESIGN Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH We searched the CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, HealthSTAR, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA We included all studies that used wearable devices (eg, heart rate monitor, inertial measurement units, global positioning system) to monitor athlete workload in a team sport setting. DATA SYNTHESIS We provided visualizations that represented the workload metrics reported, sensors used, sports investigated, athlete characteristics, and the duration of monitoring. RESULTS The 407 included studies focused on team ball sports (67% soccer, rugby, or Australian football), male athletes (81% of studies), elite or professional level of competition (74% of studies), and young adults (69% of studies included athletes aged between 20 and 28 years). Thirty-six studies of 7 sports investigated the association between workload measured with wearable devices and injury. CONCLUSION Distance-based metrics derived from global positioning system units were common for monitoring workload and are frequently used to assess injury risk. Workload monitoring studies have focused on specific populations (eg, elite male soccer players in Europe and elite male rugby and Australian football players in Oceania). Different injury definitions and reported workload metrics and poor study quality impeded conclusions regarding the relationship between workload and injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(10):549-563. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9753.
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Lee ASY, Standage M, Hagger MS, Chan DKC. Predictors of in-school and out-of-school sport injury prevention: A test of the trans-contextual model. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:215-225. [PMID: 32939848 PMCID: PMC7756760 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to predict secondary school students’ motivation toward sport injury prevention in “in‐school” and “out‐of‐school” contexts, and their sport injury prevention behavior at 3‐month follow‐up using the trans‐contextual model (TCM). Hong Kong secondary school students (N = 1566; mean age = 13.34 years, range = 11 to 19; female = 49.42%) were recruited. Participants were asked to complete a survey comprising previously validated scales measuring TCM constructs at baseline and a measure of sport injury prevention behavior at follow‐up three months later. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the hypothesized paths among TCM constructs. A SEM specifying hypothesized paths among TCM variables showed acceptable fit with the data (χ2(29) = 418.55, CFI = .93, TLI = .90, and RMSEA = .09, 90% CI [.09, .10], and SRMR = .05). Findings supported tenets of the TCM: the effects of perceived autonomy support from PE teachers on in‐school autonomous motivation toward injury prevention, the trans‐contextual relationship between students' “in‐school” and “out‐of‐school” autonomous motivation toward injury prevention, and the effects of autonomous motivation toward injury prevention on social cognitive variables and subsequent sport injury prevention behaviors. Results supported the tenets proposed within the TCM in predicting students' “in‐school” and “out‐of‐school” autonomous motivation toward sport injury prevention. Findings underscore the potential importance of autonomy support from PE teachers in facilitating students’ sport injury prevention behaviors. Further longitudinal and intervention research is warranted to establish temporal and causal effects of TCM variables in sport injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred S Y Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martyn Standage
- Centre for Motivation and Health Behaviour Change, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Martin S Hagger
- SHARPP Lab, Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Derwin K C Chan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Sommerfield LM, Harrison CB, Whatman CS, Maulder PS. Injury Prevention Programs in Youth: A Narrative Review Targeting Females. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Facilitators and Barriers to the Implementation of iSPRINT: A Sport Injury Prevention Program in Junior High Schools. Clin J Sport Med 2020; 30:231-238. [PMID: 32341290 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sport injury is the leading cause of hospitalization in Canadian youth and represents a high burden to the health care system. This study aims to describe the facilitators and barriers to implementation of a sport injury prevention program in junior high school physical education (known as iSPRINT), previously shown to reduce the risk of sport-related injury in youth (age, 11-15 years). METHODS Focus group data were mapped onto constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Four schools that implemented iSPRINT participated in this study. Forty-seven key stakeholders (teachers, students, principals) participated in 9 semistructured focus groups and 4 interviews. The CFIR was used to guide the focus group discussions, data coding, and analysis using a qualitative content analysis approach. RESULTS Of the 22 applicable CFIR constructs, 16 were identified in the transcripts. The most significant facilitators to successful implementation efforts included evidence strength and quality, adaptability, implementation climate, culture, and having a high level of compatibility facilitated successful implementation efforts. Barriers to implementation included intervention complexity, planning, and readiness for implementation. Constructs that acted as both a facilitator and a barrier, depending on the context, were self-efficacy, execution, and individual identification with the organization. CONCLUSIONS Participants in this study reported positive attitudes about implementing iSPRINT, citing evidence strength, adaptability, and constructs related to the organizational setting that contributed to successful implementation. Potential improvements include modifying certain program components, decreasing the number of components, and reducing the equipment required.
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Salmon DM, Mcgowan J, Sullivan SJ, Murphy I, Walters S, Whatman C, Keung S, Clacy A, Romanchuk J. What they know and who they are telling: Concussion knowledge and disclosure behaviour in New Zealand adolescent rugby union players. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1585-1594. [PMID: 32264762 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1749409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to survey high school rugby players from a range of ethnic, geographic and socioeconomic backgrounds in New Zealand (NZ) to gain an understanding of concussion knowledge, awareness of NZ Rugby's (NZR) guidelines and attitudes towards reporting behaviours. Male and female high school rugby players (n= 416) from across NZ were surveyed. The findings indicated that 69% of players had sustained a suspected concussion, and 31% had received a medical diagnosis of concussion. 63% of players indicated they were aware of NZR's guidelines. Māori and Pasifika players were less likely to be aware of the guidelines compared to NZ European, Adjusted OR 0.5, p = 0.03. Guideline awareness was significantly higher for those from high decile schools when compared to low (Unadjusted OR 1.63, p = 0.04); however, when ethnicity and school locations were controlled for this became non-significant (Adjusted OR= 1.3, p=0.37). The coach was the key individual for the provision of concussion information and disclosure of symptoms for players. The findings of this study will inform the development and delivery of NZR's community concussion initiative and how these examined factors influence a high school player's concussion knowledge and reporting behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Salmon
- Health Safety and Welfare, New Zealand Rugby , Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jody Mcgowan
- Health Safety and Welfare, New Zealand Rugby , Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S John Sullivan
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ian Murphy
- Health Safety and Welfare, New Zealand Rugby , Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Simon Walters
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Whatman
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sierra Keung
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Clacy
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast , Birtinya, Australia
| | - Janelle Romanchuk
- Health Safety and Welfare, New Zealand Rugby , Wellington, New Zealand
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Terry DP, Wojtowicz M, Cook NE, Maxwell BA, Zafonte R, Seifert T, Silverberg ND, Berkner PD, Iverson GL. Factors Associated With Self-Reported Concussion History in Middle School Athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2020; 30 Suppl 1:S69-S74. [PMID: 32132480 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying personal characteristics associated with sustaining a concussion is of great interest, yet only a few have examined this in children. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between sex, neurodevelopmental disorders, health history, and lifetime history of self-reported concussion in 12- and 13-year-old athletes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Middle schools. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 1744 twelve- and thirteen-year-old student athletes who completed preseason Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) testing, including a self-report questionnaire about previous concussions, developmental diagnoses, and previous medical treatment. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Age, sex, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities (LDs), and previous treatment for migraine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported history of concussion. RESULTS A minority of athletes (13.7%) reported previous concussions (1 concussion, n = 181; 2 concussions, n = 41; and 3+ concussions, n = 17). A small proportion reported a history of ADHD (4.4%), LD (2.8%) or migraine treatment (4.0%). Higher rates of self-reported previous concussions were associated with male sex [16.9% vs 9.1%; χ(1) = 21.47, P < 0.001] and previous migraine treatment [31.9% vs 13.0%; χ(1) = 20.08, P < 0.001]. There were no differences in self-reported concussion history between 12- and 13-year olds (P = 0.18) and those with/without ADHD (P = 0.41) or LDs (P = 0.06). The overall logistic regression model was statistically significant [χ(5) = 42.01, P < 0.001] but explained only 4.3% of the variance. Previous treatment for migraine [P < 0.001, Exp(B) = 3.30] and male sex [P < 0.001, Exp(B) = 2.06] were independently associated with a self-reported concussion history, whereas age, LD, and ADHD were not (P's > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Male sex and previous migraine treatment were associated with higher rates of self-reported previous concussions in both independent and multivariate models in middle school athletes, whereas age, ADHD, and LDs were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Terry
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nathan E Cook
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce A Maxwell
- Department of Computer Science, Colby College, Waterville, Maine
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tad Seifert
- Departments of Neurology and Sports Health, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, Kentucky
- Kentucky Boxing and Wrestling Commission, Frankfort, Kentucky
| | - Noah D Silverberg
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and
| | - Paul D Berkner
- Department of Biology and Health Services, Colby College, Waterville, Maine
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts
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Emery CA, van den Berg C, Richmond SA, Palacios-Derflingher L, McKay CD, Doyle-Baker PK, McKinlay M, Toomey CM, Nettel-Aguirre A, Verhagen E, Belton K, Macpherson A, Hagel BE. Implementing a junior high school-based programme to reduce sports injuries through neuromuscular training (iSPRINT): a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT). Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:913-919. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a junior high school-based sports injury prevention programme to reduce injuries through neuromuscular training (NMT).MethodsThis was a cluster randomised controlled trial. Students were recruited from 12 Calgary junior high schools (2014–2017). iSPRINT is a 15 min NMT warm-up including aerobic, agility, strength and balance exercises. Following a workshop, teachers delivered a 12-week iSPRINT NMT (six schools) or a standard-of-practice warm-up (six schools) in physical education classes. The definition of all recorded injuries included injuries that resulted in participants being unable to complete a sport and recreation (S&R) session, lost time from sport and/or seek medical attention. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated based on multiple multilevel Poisson regression analyses (adjusting for sex (considering effect modification) and previous injury, offset by S&R participation hours, and school-level and class-level random effects were examined) for intent-to-treat analyses.Results1067 students (aged 11–16) were recruited across 12 schools (6 intervention schools (22 classes), 6 control schools (27 classes); 53.7% female, 46.3% male). The iSPRINT programme was protective of all recorded S&R injuries for girls (IRR=0.543, 95% CI 0.295 to 0.998), but not for boys (IRR=0.866, 95% CI 0.425 to 1.766). The iSPRINT programme was also protective of each of lower extremity injuries (IRR=0.357, 95% CI 0.159 to 0.799) and medical attention injuries (IRR=0.289, 95% CI 0.135 to 0.619) for girls, but not for boys (IRR=1.055, 95% CI 0.404 to 2.753 and IRR=0.639, 95% CI 0.266 to 1.532, respectively).ConclusionThe iSPRINT NMT warm-up was effective in preventing each of all recorded injuries, lower extremity injuries and medically treated S&R injuries in female junior high school students.Trial registration numberNCT03312504
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Luiggi M, Griffet J. Sport injury prevalence and risk by level of play and sports played among a representative population of French adolescents. A school-based study. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2019; 67:383-391. [PMID: 31561942 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports practice has both benefits and physical risks. In France, data related to adolescent sports injury are rare. The main purpose of this article is to study the prevalence and risk of injuries by level of play and sports in the southeast of France. METHODS Data collection was conducted in French schools among adolescents in 2015 and 2017 (n=1849; aged 14-19). Only sports players were included (n=1366). Two level of play were created. The low-level group included adolescents playing sport either outside or within a club, at the local level of competition or below. The high-level group included adolescents playing sport within a club at the state (regional) level of competition or higher. Odds-ratios and their 95% confidence intervals adjusted for variables selected using stepwise regression procedures were calculated to determine the injury risk of high-level athletes compared with those at low-level, in each sport. We also calculated the injury risk of each sport compared to all the other sports, by level of play. RESULTS In almost all sports activities, the prevalence of injured athletes was higher in the high-level of play than in the low-level of play. The increase in injury risk was the highest in tennis, basketball, dance, athletics and volleyball. When comparing sports, at the lowest level, handball, boxing, soccer and gymnastics practitioners were more at risk than the rest of the sample. At the highest level of play, only basketball players were more at-risk. Dancing is the less dangerous sport in terms of injury outcome, regardless the level. CONCLUSION From the state level of competition, injury risk increases significantly across most of the sports. Meanwhile, differences appeared regarding the prevalence, severity and nature of the sustained injuries. It would be useful to perform such analysis on a greater sample size, ideally representative of the national population of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luiggi
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - J Griffet
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
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Lee ASY, Standage M, Hagger MS, Chan DKC. Sport injury prevention in-school and out-of-school? A qualitative investigation of the trans-contextual model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222015. [PMID: 31490982 PMCID: PMC6730904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate junior secondary school students' experiences and perspectives of in-school and out-of-school sport-safety, with a particular focus on the meaning and content that they applied to the motivational and social cognitive factors of sport injury prevention. DESIGN Focus-group interview. METHOD Participants were 128 junior secondary school students (Form 1 to Form 3) aged between 12 and 16 years from two secondary schools. We organised focus-group interviews by class (group size = six to nine students). Seventeen groups completed semi-structured interviews regarding their experience, beliefs, and motives for injury prevention in-school and out-of-school. We analysed data by thematic content analysis using a typological approach. RESULTS Higher order themes (N = 7) including in-school and out-of-school motives and social cognitive factors and associated lower-order themes (N = 16), emerged from the analysis corresponding to constructs from trans-contextual model tenets. CONCLUSIONS The current study is the first qualitative study to explore junior secondary school students' experience and perspectives on sport injury prevention, using trans-contextual model as a framework for investigation. The findings contribute to a better understanding on their motivational and social cognitive factors in adopting sport injury prevention. The content of the theme behavior also indicated the inadequacy of students' knowledge of effective sport injury prevention techniques, and underscored the importance of sport safety education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred S. Y. Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Martyn Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Derwin K. C. Chan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Plummer A, Mugele H, Steffen K, Stoll J, Mayer F, Müller J. General versus sports-specific injury prevention programs in athletes: A systematic review on the effects on performance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221346. [PMID: 31465458 PMCID: PMC6715272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Injury prevention programs (IPPs) are an inherent part of training in recreational and professional sports. Providing performance-enhancing benefits in addition to injury prevention may help adjust coaches and athletes' attitudes towards implementation of injury prevention into daily routine. Conventional thinking by players and coaches alike seems to suggest that IPPs need to be specific to one's sport to allow for performance enhancement. The systematic literature review aims to firstly determine the IPPs nature of exercises and whether they are specific to the sport or based on general conditioning. Secondly, can they demonstrate whether general, sports-specific or even mixed IPPs improve key performance indicators with the aim to better facilitate long-term implementation of these programs? METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were electronically searched throughout March 2018. The inclusion criteria were randomized control trials, publication dates between Jan 2006 and Feb 2018, athletes (11-45 years), injury prevention programs and included predefined performance measures that could be categorized into balance, power, strength, speed/agility and endurance. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tools. RESULTS Of 6619 initial findings, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. In addition, reference lists unearthed a further 6 studies, making a total of 28. Nine studies used sports specific IPPs, eleven general and eight mixed prevention strategies. Overall, general programs ranged from 29-57% in their effectiveness across performance outcomes. Mixed IPPs improved in 80% balance outcomes but only 20-44% in others. Sports-specific programs led to larger scale improvements in balance (66%), power (83%), strength (75%), and speed/agility (62%). CONCLUSION Sports-specific IPPs have the strongest influence on most performance indices based on the significant improvement versus control groups. Other factors such as intensity, technical execution and compliance should be accounted for in future investigations in addition to exercise modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Plummer
- Clinical Exercise Science, University of Potsdam, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hendrik Mugele
- Clinical Exercise Science, University of Potsdam, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Josefine Stoll
- University Outpatient Clinic, Professorship of Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Mayer
- University Outpatient Clinic, Professorship of Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juliane Müller
- University Outpatient Clinic, Professorship of Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Professorship for Physiotherapy: Exercise Science and Applied Biomechanics, Trier University of Applied Science, Trier, Germany
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Schneider KJ. Concussion - Part I: The need for a multifaceted assessment. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019; 42:140-150. [PMID: 31133539 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concussion is among the most commonly occurring sport and recreation injuries in today's society. An understanding of the heterogenous nature of concussion will assist in directing a multifaceted and comprehensive interdisciplinary assessment following injury. PURPOSE The purpose of this masterclass article is to summarize the current state of the evidence in the area of concussion, describe typical symptom presentations and assessment techniques that may assist in directing appropriate management following concussion. IMPLICATIONS A comprehensive assessment including a thoughtful differential diagnosis will assist the clinician to direct care appropriately and efficiently in individuals who have suffered a concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, KNB3300D 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Richmond SA, Black AM, Jacob J, Babul S, Pike I. 'Active & Safe Central': development of an online resource for the prevention of injury in sport and recreational activity. Inj Prev 2019; 25:546-551. [PMID: 31088897 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sport and recreation related injuries exert a significant cost on the healthcare system. As prevention researchers and practitioners, we have a responsibility to provide guidance towards prevention to those who participate in sport and recreation, and those that coach, treat and parent children that participate. The objective of this project was to use an integrated knowledge translation approach to develop an end user-driven digital platform that provides injury prevention information and resources across 51 sport and recreational activities. DESIGN We used an integrated knowledge translation approach to scope and develop an online sport and recreational injury prevention resource. A project team was formed that included end users-coaches, parents and athletes, injury researchers and practitioners, as well as members of a digital design team. All members of the project team informed the development process, including a review of literature and existing resources, the translation of evidence and development of the platform. At all stages of development, members of the project team cocreated knowledge for the tool, including forming the research questions, the approach, feasibility and development of outcomes. CONCLUSION The 'Active & Safe Central' (https://activesafe.ca/) platform provides web-based sport injury and prevention information. This user-friendly, web and mobile accessible platform can increase the reach, awareness and implementation of prevention programming in sport and recreational activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Richmond
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda M Black
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Jacob
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Cassel M, Müller J, Moser O, Strempler ME, Reso J, Mayer F. Orthopedic Injury Profiles in Adolescent Elite Athletes: A Retrospective Analysis From a Sports Medicine Department. Front Physiol 2019; 10:544. [PMID: 31143127 PMCID: PMC6520583 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to identify common orthopedic sports injury profiles in adolescent elite athletes with respect to age, sex, and anthropometrics. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 718 orthopedic presentations among 381 adolescent elite athletes from 16 different sports to a sports medical department was performed. Recorded data of history and clinical examination included area, cause and structure of acute and overuse injuries. Injury-events were analyzed in the whole cohort and stratified by age (11-14/15-17 years) and sex. Group differences were tested by chi-squared-tests. Logistic regression analysis was applied examining the influence of factors age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on the outcome variables area and structure (α = 0.05). Results: Higher proportions of injury-events were reported for females (60%) and athletes of the older age group (66%) than males and younger athletes. The most frequently injured area was the lower extremity (47%) followed by the spine (30.5%) and the upper extremity (12.5%). Acute injuries were mainly located at the lower extremity (74.5%), while overuse injuries were predominantly observed at the lower extremity (41%) as well as the spine (36.5%). Joints (34%), muscles (22%), and tendons (21.5%) were found to be the most often affected structures. The injured structures were different between the age groups (p = 0.022), with the older age group presenting three times more frequent with ligament pathology events (5.5%/2%) and less frequent with bony problems (11%/20.5%) than athletes of the younger age group. The injured area differed between the sexes (p = 0.005), with males having fewer spine injury-events (25.5%/34%) but more upper extremity injuries (18%/9%) than females. Regression analysis showed statistically significant influence for BMI (p = 0.002) and age (p = 0.015) on structure, whereas the area was significantly influenced by sex (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Events of soft-tissue overuse injuries are the most common reasons resulting in orthopedic presentations of adolescent elite athletes. Mostly, the lower extremity and the spine are affected, while sex and age characteristics on affected area and structure must be considered. Therefore, prevention strategies addressing the injury-event profiles should already be implemented in early adolescence taking age, sex as well as injury entity into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cassel
- Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juliane Müller
- Professorship for Physiotherapy, Exercise Science and Applied Biomechanics, Department of Computer Science - Therapy Sciences, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Trier, Germany
| | - Othmar Moser
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mares Elaine Strempler
- Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Judith Reso
- Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Mayer
- Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Raikes AC, Athey A, Alfonso-Miller P, Killgore WDS, Grandner MA. Insomnia and daytime sleepiness: risk factors for sports-related concussion. Sleep Med 2019; 58:66-74. [PMID: 31132574 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Poor quality and inadequate sleep are associated with impaired cognitive, motor, and behavioral components of sport performance and increased injury risk. While prior work identifies sports-related concussions as predisposing factors for poor sleep, the role of sleep as a sports-related concussion risk factor is unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of poor sleep quality and insomnia symptoms on future sports-related concussion risk. PATIENTS/METHODS In this study, 190 NCAA Division-1 athletes completed a survey battery, including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Sleep module. Univariate risk ratios for future sports-related concussions were computed with ISI and NHANES sleepiness scores as independent predictors. An additional multiple logistic regression model including sport, sports-related concussion history, and significant univariate predictors jointly assessed the odds of sustaining a concussion. RESULTS Clinically moderate-to-severe insomnia severity (RR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.320-7.424, p = 0.015) and excessive daytime sleepiness two or more times per month (RR = 2.856, 95% CI: 0.681-11.977, p = 0.037) increased concussion risk. These variables remained significant and comparable in magnitude in a multivariate model adjusted for sport participation. CONCLUSION Insomnia and daytime sleepiness are independently associated with increased sports-related concussion risk. More completely identifying bidirectional relationships between concussions and sleep requires further research. Clinicians and athletes should be cognizant of this relationship and take proactive measures - including assessing and treating sleep-disordered breathing, limiting insomnia risk factors, improving sleep hygiene, and developing daytime sleepiness management strategies - to reduce sports-related concussion risk and support overall athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Raikes
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience (SCAN) Lab, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Amy Athey
- Department of Athletics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - William D S Killgore
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience (SCAN) Lab, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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A pragmatic approach to prevent post-traumatic osteoarthritis after sport or exercise-related joint injury. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2019; 33:158-171. [PMID: 31431269 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries are common in sport and exercise, and associated with increased risk of obesity and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Unlike other forms of osteoarthritis, PTOA is common at a younger age and associated with more rapid progression, which may impact career choices, long-term general health and reduce quality of life. Individuals who suffer an activity-related joint injury and present with abnormal joint morphology, elevated adiposity, weak musculature, or become physically inactive are at increased risk of PTOA. Insufficient exercise therapy or incomplete rehabilitation, premature return-to-sport and re-injury, unrealistic expectations, or poor nutrition may further elevate this risk. Delay in surgical interventions in lieu of exercise therapy to optimize muscle strength and neuromuscular control while addressing fear of movement to guarantee resumption of physical activity, completeness of rehabilitation before return-to-sport, education that promotes realistic expectations and self-management, and nutritional counseling are the best approaches for delaying or preventing PTOA.
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Abstract
Participation in sport and recreation has important positive implications for public health across the lifespan; however, the burden of sport-related musculoskeletal injury is significant, with the greatest risk being in youth and young adults. Moving upstream to primary prevention of injury is a public health priority that will have significant implications for reducing the long-term consequences of musculoskeletal injury including early post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The primary targets for the prevention of musculoskeletal injury in sport include neuromuscular training (NMT), rule modification, and equipment recommendations. Currently, there is significant high-quality evidence to support the widespread use of NMT warm up programs in team and youth sport, with an expected significant impact of reducing the risk of musculoskeletal injury by over 35%. Policy disallowing body checking in youth ice hockey has led to a >50% reduction in injuries, and rules limiting contact practice in youth American football has significant potential for injury prevention. There is evidence to support the use of bracing and taping in elite sport to reduce the risk of recurrent ankle sprain injury but not for use to prevent the primary injury, and wrist guards are protective of sprain injuries in snowboarding. Future research examining the maintenance of NMT programs across real-world sport and school settings, optimization of adherence, additional benefit of workload modification, and evaluation of rule changes in other sports is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Emery
- Chair Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada.
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