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Antonova EV, Pozolotina VN. Investigation of biological-rhythm patterns: physiological and biochemical effects in herbaceous plants exposed to low-level chronic radiation - part 1: nonirradiated seeds. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1051-1071. [PMID: 38805607 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2348076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Because reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of biological rhythms, we hypothesized that intra-annual variability of seed progeny quality at low doses of ionizing radiation (LDIRs) would differ from that of background plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted 12 consecutive experiments using the roll culture method by germinating seeds (monthly for 3 weeks) of six herbaceous plant species (Bromus inermis, Geum aleppicum, Plantago major, Rumex confertus, Silene latifolia, and Taraxacum officinale) growing under conditions of chronic radiation in the East Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT). We assessed physiological (seed viability and abnormality frequency) and biochemical (low-molecular-weight antioxidants, LMWAs) parameters of seedlings. RESULTS Total absorbed dose rates of maternal plants (TADRplants) and seed embryos (TADRseeds) in the EURT exceeded background levels by 1-3 and 1-2 orders of magnitude, respectively. Nonlinear dependencies on TADR were mainly characteristic of physiological and biochemical parameters. For most populations of the studied species (B. inermis, G. aleppicum, R. confertus, and S. latifolia), seedling survival and root length decreased in the autumn-winter period, while the frequency of abnormal seedlings increased. The content of LMWAs could be ranked as R. confertus > B. inermis > G. aleppicum > S. latifolia, in good agreement with the presence of anthocyanin pigmentation in the plants. The lowest synthesis of antioxidants in seedlings was observed in winter. A high LMWA content promoted growth and reduced the frequency of abnormal seedlings. CONCLUSIONS These results underscore a multistage nature of the impact of LDIRs on intra-annual biological rhythms in plants. High heterogeneity in reference group 'wild grasses' and diversity of their radiobiological effects should help to develop methods of radiation protection for natural ecosystems and facilitate approaches used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.HighlightsAbsorbed dose rates for six plant species in the East Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT) area range from 0.11 to 73.89 µGy h-s (plants) and 0.11 to 6.88 µGy h-s (seed embryos).Intra-annual rhythms of physiological and biochemical parameters in the EURT zone differ from those in background seedlings.Plants in the EURT area exhibit a wide range of trait variability, asynchrony of the manifestation of the effects, nonlinear dose-response relations, and hormesis.A high content of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (LMWAs) is associated with low frequency of developmental abnormalities and high viability of seed progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Antonova
- Laboratory of Population Radiobiology, Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vera N Pozolotina
- Laboratory of Population Radiobiology, Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Zhang Y, Xing H, Wang H, Yu L, Yang Z, Meng X, Hu P, Fan H, Yu Y, Cui N. SlMYC2 interacted with the SlTOR promoter and mediated JA signaling to regulate growth and fruit quality in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1013445. [PMID: 36388521 PMCID: PMC9647163 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1013445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major vegetable crop cultivated worldwide. The regulation of tomato growth and fruit quality has long been a popular research topic. MYC2 is a key regulator of the interaction between jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and other signaling pathways, and MYC2 can integrate the interaction between JA signaling and other hormone signals to regulate plant growth and development. TOR signaling is also an essential regulator of plant growth and development. However, it is unclear whether MYC2 can integrate JA signaling and TOR signaling during growth and development in tomato. Here, MeJA treatment and SlMYC2 overexpression inhibited the growth and development of tomato seedlings and photosynthesis, but increased the sugar-acid ratio and the contents of lycopene, carotenoid, soluble sugar, total phenol and flavonoids, indicating that JA signaling inhibited the growth of tomato seedlings and altered fruit quality. When TOR signaling was inhibited by RAP, the JA content increased, and the growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings decreased, indicating that TOR signaling positively regulated the growth and development of tomato seedlings. Further yeast one-hybrid assays showed that SlMYC2 could bind directly to the SlTOR promoter. Based on GUS staining analysis, SlMYC2 regulated the transcription of SlTOR, indicating that SlMYC2 mediated the interaction between JA and TOR signaling by acting on the promoter of SlTOR. This study provides a new strategy and some theoretical basis for tomato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyun Xing
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengpeng Hu
- Department of Foreign Language Teaching, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Cui
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Qi X, Guo S, Wang D, Zhong Y, Chen M, Chen C, Cheng D, Liu Z, An T, Li J, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Chen S, Liu C. ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b redundantly regulate anther dehiscence and gametophytic male fertility in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:849-862. [PMID: 35167149 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the generation and release of viable pollen from anthers is vital for double fertilization and the initiation of seed development. Thus, the characterization of genes related to pollen development and anther dehiscence in plants is of great significance. The F-box protein COI1 plays a crucial role in the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway and interacts with many JAZ family proteins in the presence of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) or coronatine (COR). The mutation of AtCOI1 in Arabidopsis leads to defective anther dehiscence and male sterility (MS), although COI has not been shown to affect fertility in Zea mays (maize). Here we identified two genes, ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b, that redundantly regulate gametophytic male fertility. Both ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b are highly homologous and constitutively expressed in all tissues tested. Subcellular localization revealed that ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b were located in the nucleus. The coi2a coi2b double mutant, generated by CRISPR/Cas9, had non-dehiscent anthers, delayed anther development and MS. In addition, coi2a coi2b male gametes could not be transmitted to the next generation because of severe defects in pollen germination. The JA content of coi2a coi2b anthers was unaltered compared with those of the wild type, and the exogenous application of JA could not rescue the fertility defects of coi2a coi2b. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of genes involving the JA signaling transduction pathway, including ZmJAZ3, ZmJAZ4, ZmJAZ5 and ZmJAZ15, was affected in coi2a coi2b. However, yeast two-hybrid assays showed that ZmJAZs interacted with ZmCOI1s, but not with ZmCOI2s. In conclusion, ZmCOI2a and ZmCOI2b redundantly regulate anther dehiscence and gametophytic male fertility in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Qi
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuwei Guo
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dong Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dehe Cheng
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zongkai Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tai An
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Jiao
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinchu Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Idris M, Seo N, Jiang L, Kiyota S, Hidema J, Iino M. UV-B signalling in rice: Response identification, gene expression profiling and mutant isolation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1468-1485. [PMID: 33377203 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Responses of rice seedlings to UV-B radiation (UV-B) were investigated, aiming to establish rice as a model plant for UV-B signalling studies. The growth of japonica rice coleoptiles, grown under red light, was inhibited by brief irradiation with UV-B, but not with blue light. The effective UV-B fluences (10-1 -103 μmol m-2 ) were much lower than those reported in Arabidopsis. The response was much less in indica rice cultivars and its extent varied among Oryza species. We next identified UV-B-specific anthocyanin accumulation in the first leaf of purple rice and used this visible phenotype to isolate mutants. Some isolated mutants were further characterized, and one was found to have a defect in the growth response. Using microarrays, we identified a number of genes that are regulated by low-fluence-rate UV-B in japonica coleoptiles. Some up-regulated genes were analysed by real-time PCR for UV-B specificity and the difference between japonica and indica. More than 70% of UV-B-regulated rice genes had no homologs in UV-B-regulated Arabidopsis genes. Many UV-B-regulated rice genes are related to plant hormones and especially to jasmonate biosynthetic and responsive genes in apparent agreement with the growth response. Possible involvement of two rice homologs of UVR8, a UV-B photoreceptor, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idris
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobu Seo
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lei Jiang
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kiyota
- Office of General Administration, Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Iino
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Suppression of Rice Cryptochrome 1b Decreases Both Melatonin and Expression of Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Genes Resulting in Salt Tolerance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041075. [PMID: 33670642 PMCID: PMC7922549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between the blue-light photoreceptor cryptochrome (CRY) and melatonin biosynthesis by generating RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic rice plants that suppress the cryptochrome 1b gene (CRY1b). The resulting CRY1b RNAi rice lines expressed less CRY1b mRNA, but not CRY1a or CRY2 mRNA, suggesting that the suppression is specific to CRY1b. The growth of CRY1b RNAi rice seedlings was enhanced under blue light compared to wild-type growth, providing phenotypic evidence for impaired CRY function. When these CRY1b RNAi rice plants were challenged with cadmium to induce melatonin, wild-type plants produced 100 ng/g fresh weight (FW) melatonin, whereas CRY1b RNAi lines produced 60 ng/g FW melatonin on average, indicating that melatonin biosynthesis requires the CRY photoreceptor. Due to possible feedback regulation, the expression of melatonin biosynthesis genes such as T5H, SNAT1, SNAT2, and COMT was elevated in the CRY1b RNAi lines compared to the wild-type plants. In addition, laminar angles decreased in the CRY1b RNAi lines via the suppression of brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis genes such as DWARF. The main cause of the BR decrease in the CRY1b RNAi lines seems to be the suppression of CRY rather than decreased melatonin because the melatonin decrease suppressed DWARF4 rather than DWARF.
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Nguyen TH, Mai HTT, Moukouanga D, Lebrun M, Bellafiore S, Champion A. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing of the Jasmonate Biosynthesis OsAOC Gene in Rice. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2085:199-209. [PMID: 31734927 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The function of Jasmonate (JA) is well documented in different plant physiological processes as well as in the interactions with their environment. Mutants impaired in JA production and/or signaling are useful materials to study the function of this phytohormone. Genes involved in the JA biosynthesis pathway in rice have been described, but few mutants deficient in JA production and signaling have been identified. Moreover, these mutants are mostly generated through random mutagenesis approaches, such as irradiation, EMS treatment, or T-DNA insertion, and potentially harbor undesired mutations that could affect other biological processes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a precise and efficient genome editing tool that creates DNA modification at specific loci and limit undesired mutations.In this chapter, we describe a procedure to generate new JA-deficient mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice. The Allene Oxide Cyclase (OsAOC) gene is targeted since it is a single copy gene in the JA biosynthesis pathway in rice. The widely used variety Oryza sativa japonica Kitaake has been chosen due to its short life cycle and its ease of genetic transformation. This protocol describes the selection of the 20-nt target sequence, construction of the binary vector, and strategy for selecting the T-DNA-free mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Hieu Nguyen
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Cirad, Universite fe Montpellier, DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | - Huong To Thi Mai
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), LMI-RICE2, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Daniel Moukouanga
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Cirad, Universite fe Montpellier, DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Lebrun
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Cirad, Universite fe Montpellier, DIADE, Montpellier, France
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), LMI-RICE2, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Hanoi, Vietnam
- IRD, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, LSTM, Montpellier, France
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Riemann M. Phenotyping of Light Response on JA-Defective Mutant in Rice. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2085:23-28. [PMID: 31734914 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are associated with stress responses. However, there are many roles for jasmonates in plant development. One such function is their participation in the regulation of growth and development of rice seedlings, especially of their coleoptile in response to light. Impairment of jasmonate biosynthesis or signaling results in obvious phenotypic effects in seedlings, which can be used for screening homozygous mutants from a heterozygous population for downstream experimental approaches. A procedure for screening mutants under light is described, which can easily be adapted to standard laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riemann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Jasmonates-the Master Regulator of Rice Development, Adaptation and Defense. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090339. [PMID: 31505882 PMCID: PMC6784130 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops worldwide, as well as the model plant in molecular studies on the cereals group. Many different biotic and abiotic agents often limit rice production and threaten food security. Understanding the molecular mechanism, by which the rice plant reacts and resists these constraints, is the key to improving rice production to meet the demand of an increasing population. The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and related compounds, collectively called jasmonates, are key regulators in plant growth and development. They are also one of the central players in plant immunity against biotic attacks and adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions. Here, we review the most recent knowledge about jasmonates signaling in the rice crop model. We highlight the functions of jasmonates signaling in many adaptive responses, and also in rice growth and development processes. We also draw special attention to different signaling modules that are controlled by jasmonates in rice.
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Li X, Wang Y, Duan E, Qi Q, Zhou K, Lin Q, Wang D, Wang Y, Long W, Zhao Z, Cheng Z, Lei C, Zhang X, Guo X, Wang J, Wu C, Jiang L, Wang C, Wan J. OPEN GLUME1: a key enzyme reducing the precursor of JA, participates in carbohydrate transport of lodicules during anthesis in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:329-346. [PMID: 29177846 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OG1 is involved in JA-regulated anthesis by modulating carbohydrate transport of lodicules in rice. Flowering plants have evolved a sophisticated regulatory network to coordinate anthesis and maximize reproductive success. In addition to various environmental conditions, the plant hormone jasmonic acid and its derivatives (JAs) are involved in anthesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. Here, we report a JA-defective mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), namely open glume 1, which has dysfunctional lodicules that lead to open glumes following anthesis. Map-based cloning and subsequent complementation tests confirmed that OG1 encodes a peroxisome-localized 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase-a key enzyme that reduces the precursor of JA. Loss-of-function of OG1 resulted in almost no JA accumulation. Exogenous JA treatment completely rescued the defects caused by the og1 mutation. Further studies revealed that intracellular metabolism was disrupted in the lodicules of og1 mutant. At the mature plant stage, most seeds of the mutant were malformed with significantly reduced starch content. We speculate that JA or JA signaling mediates the carbohydrate transport of lodicules during anthesis, and signal the onset of cell degradation in lodicules after anthesis. We conclude that the OPEN GLUME 1 gene that produces a key enzyme involved in reducing the precursor of JA in JA biosynthesis and is involved in carbohydrate transport underlying normal lodicule function during anthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qi
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunneng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhua Long
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang CJ, Liu XL, Liu XQ, Zhang H, Yu YJ, Liang ZW. Stunted Growth Caused by Blast Disease in Rice Seedlings Is Associated with Changes in Phytohormone Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1558. [PMID: 28932234 PMCID: PMC5592330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to pathogen attack, plants prioritize defense reactions generally at the expense of plant growth. In this work, we report that changes in phytohormone signaling pathways are associated with the stunted plant growth caused by blast disease in rice seedlings. Infection of rice seedlings with blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (race 007.0) at the four-leaf stage (three true leaves) resulted in considerable inhibition of the growth of the upper uninfected distal leaves; the length of leaf blade and leaf sheath of the sixth and seventh leaf was reduced by 27 and 82%, and 88 and 72%, respectively, compared to that in the uninoculated plant control. Interestingly, cutting off the blast-infected fourth leaf blade within 2 days post inoculation (dpi) significantly rescued the inhibition of leaf growth, implying that an inhibitory substance(s) and/or signal was generated in the blast-infected leaves (fourth leaf) and transmitted to the upper distal leaves (sixth and seventh) during the 2-dpi period that induced growth inhibition. Expression analysis of marker genes for phytohormone pathways revealed acute activation of the jasmonate (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways, and repression of auxin, gibberellic acid (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways, in the sixth leaf. The genes related to cell wall expansion were also significantly downregulated. In the blast-infected fourth leaf, JA pathway was activated within 2 dpi, followed by activation of ABA pathway 3 dpi. Further, leaf inhibition caused by blast infection was partially rescued in the rice mutant line coleoptile photomorphogenesis 2 (cpm2), which is defective in the gene encoding allene oxide cyclase (OsAOC). These results indicate that the JA signaling pathway is at least partly involved in the growth inhibition processes. Collectively, our data suggest that, upon pathogen attack, rice seedlings prioritize defense reactions against the infecting pathogen by temporarily ceasing plant growth through the systemic control of phytohormone pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun, China
| | - Xin-Qiong Liu
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Liang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun, China
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Liu L, Zou Z, Qian K, Xia C, He Y, Zeng H, Zhou X, Riemann M, Yin C. Jasmonic acid deficiency leads to scattered floret opening time in cytoplasmic male sterile rice Zhenshan 97A. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4613-4625. [PMID: 28981770 PMCID: PMC5853226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) rice has been widely used for hybrid rice seed production in China. However, CMS rice suffers from undesirable flowering habits including scattered floret opening time (FOT), which causes different FOTs among parental rice plants and greatly reduces hybrid rice seed production. Little is known about the mechanism of scattered FOT in CMS rice. Our results demonstrate that scattered FOT in CMS rice Zhenshan 97A (ZS97A) resulted from the lack of a driving force to open florets, which was directly caused by retarded lodicule expansion. Our results indicate that retarded lodicule expansion in ZS97A was caused by reduced water accumulation due to retarded accumulation of osmotic regulation substances (ORSs). Further, the retardation in accumulation of ORSs and water were caused by jasmonic acid (JA) deficiency, resulting from down-regulation of OsAOC expression. Applying JA restored scattered FOT in ZS97A by promoting ORS and water accumulation, and inducing the expansion of the lodicules. Taken together, JA deficiency inhibited lodicule expansion by retarding the accumulation of ORSs and water, leading to scattered FOT in CMS rice ZS97A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengshan Zou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Qian
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chan Xia
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanlai Zeng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xie Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Cell Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (CS), Kaiserstr, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Changxi Yin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence:
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Huang H, Liu B, Liu L, Song S. Jasmonate action in plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1349-1359. [PMID: 28158849 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones, including jasmonates (JAs), gibberellin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and auxin, integrate endogenous developmental cues with environmental signals to regulate plant growth, development, and defense. JAs are well- recognized lipid-derived stress hormones that regulate plant adaptations to biotic stresses, including herbivore attack and pathogen infection, as well as abiotic stresses, including wounding, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation. An increasing number of studies have shown that JAs also have functions in a remarkable number of plant developmental events, including primary root growth, reproductive development, and leaf senescence. Since the 1980s, details of the JA biosynthesis pathway, signaling pathway, and crosstalk during plant growth and development have been elucidated. Here, we summarize recent advances and give an updated overview of JA action and crosstalk in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Susheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Dhakarey R, Kodackattumannil Peethambaran P, Riemann M. Functional Analysis of Jasmonates in Rice through Mutant Approaches. PLANTS 2016; 5:plants5010015. [PMID: 27135235 PMCID: PMC4844424 DOI: 10.3390/plants5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid, one of the major plant hormones, is, unlike other hormones, a lipid-derived compound that is synthesized from the fatty acid linolenic acid. It has been studied intensively in many plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana, in which most of the enzymes participating in its biosynthesis were characterized. In the past 15 years, mutants and transgenic plants affected in the jasmonate pathway became available in rice and facilitate studies on the functions of this hormone in an important crop. Those functions are partially conserved compared to other plant species, and include roles in fertility, response to mechanical wounding and defense against herbivores. However, new and surprising functions have also been uncovered by mutant approaches, such as a close link between light perception and the jasmonate pathway. This was not only useful to show a phenomenon that is unique to rice but also helped to establish this role in plant species where such links are less obvious. This review aims to provide an overview of currently available rice mutants and transgenic plants in the jasmonate pathway and highlights some selected roles of jasmonate in this species, such as photomorphogenesis, and abiotic and biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Dhakarey
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | | | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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14
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Kadotani N, Akagi A, Takatsuji H, Miwa T, Igarashi D. Exogenous proteinogenic amino acids induce systemic resistance in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:60. [PMID: 26940322 PMCID: PMC4778346 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant immune responses can be induced by endogenous and exogenous signaling molecules. Recently, amino acids and their metabolites have been reported to affect the plant immune system. However, how amino acids act in plant defense responses has yet to be clarified. Here, we report that treatment of rice roots with amino acids such as glutamate (Glu) induced systemic disease resistance against rice blast in leaves. RESULTS Treatment of roots with Glu activated the transcription of a large variety of defense-related genes both in roots and leaves. In leaves, salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes, rather than jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET)-responsive genes, were induced by this treatment. The Glu-induced blast resistance was partially impaired in rice plants deficient in SA signaling such as NahG plants expressing an SA hydroxylase, WRKY45-knockdown, and OsNPR1-knockdown plants. The JA-deficient mutant cpm2 exhibited full Glu-induced blast resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the amino acid-induced blast resistance partly depends on the SA pathway but an unknown SA-independent signaling pathway is also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kadotani
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Aya Akagi
- Plant Disease Resistance Research Unit, Division of Plant Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan.
- Bayer Crop Science, Tokyo, 100-8262, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takatsuji
- Plant Disease Resistance Research Unit, Division of Plant Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Miwa
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Igarashi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan.
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15
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Antonova EV, Pozolotina VN, Karimullina EM. Time-dependent changes of the physiological status ofBromus inermisLeyss. seeds from chronic low-level radiation exposure areas. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1034973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Riemann M, Haga K, Shimizu T, Okada K, Ando S, Mochizuki S, Nishizawa Y, Yamanouchi U, Nick P, Yano M, Minami E, Takano M, Yamane H, Iino M. Identification of rice Allene Oxide Cyclase mutants and the function of jasmonate for defence against Magnaporthe oryzae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 74:226-38. [PMID: 23347338 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two photomorphogenic mutants of rice, coleoptile photomorphogenesis 2 (cpm2) and hebiba, were found to be defective in the gene encoding allene oxide cyclase (OsAOC) by map-based cloning and complementation assays. Examination of the enzymatic activity of recombinant GST-OsAOC indicated that OsAOC is a functional enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and related compounds. The level of jasmonate was extremely low in both mutants, in agreement with the fact that rice has only one gene encoding allene oxide cyclase. Several flower-related mutant phenotypes were observed, including morphological abnormalities of the flower and early flowering. We used these mutants to investigate the function of jasmonate in the defence response to the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Inoculation assays with fungal spores revealed that both mutants are more susceptible than wild-type to an incompatible strain of M. oryzae, in such a way that hyphal growth was enhanced in mutant tissues. The level of jasmonate isoleucine, a bioactive form of jasmonate, increased in response to blast infection. Furthermore, blast-induced accumulation of phytoalexins, especially that of the flavonoid sakuranetin, was found to be severely impaired in cpm2 and hebiba. Together, the present study demonstrates that, in rice, jasmonate mediates the defence response against blast fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Cell Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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17
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Peng X, Hu Y, Tang X, Zhou P, Deng X, Wang H, Guo Z. Constitutive expression of rice WRKY30 gene increases the endogenous jasmonic acid accumulation, PR gene expression and resistance to fungal pathogens in rice. PLANTA 2012; 236:1485-98. [PMID: 22798060 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are crucial regulatory components of plant responses to pathogen infection. In the present study, we report isolation and functional characterization of the pathogen-responsive rice WRKY30 gene, whose transcripts accumulate rapidly in response to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Overexpression of WRKY30 in rice enhanced resistance to rice sheath blight fungus Rhizoctonia solani and blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. The enhanced resistance in the transgenic lines overexpressing WRKY30 was associated with activated expression of JA synthesis-related genes LOX, AOS2 and pathogenesis-related (PR)3 and PR10, and increased endogenous JA accumulation under the challenge of fungal pathogens. WRKY30 was nuclear-localized and had transcriptional activation ability in yeast cells, supporting that it functions as a transcription factor. Together, our findings indicate that JA plays a crucial role in the WRKY30-mediated defense responses to fungal pathogens, and that the rice WRKY30 seems promising as an important candidate gene to improve disease resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixu Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
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18
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Svyatyna K, Riemann M. Light-dependent regulation of the jasmonate pathway. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249 Suppl 2:S137-45. [PMID: 22569926 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are plant hormones which are crucial for the response of plants to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Beside this important function, they are involved in several developmental processes throughout plant life. In this short review, we would like to summarize the recent findings about the function of JAs in photomorphogenesis with a main focus on the model plant rice. Early plant development is determined to a large extent by light. Depending on whether seedlings are raised in darkness or in light, they show a completely different appearance which led to the terms skoto- and photomorphogenesis, respectively. The different appearance depending on the light conditions has been used to screen for mutants in photoperception and signalling. By this approach, mutants for several photoreceptors and in the downstream signalling pathways could be isolated. In rice, we and others isolated mutants with a very intriguing phenotype. The mutated genes have been cloned by map-based cloning, and all of them encode for JA biosynthesis genes. The most bioactive form of JAs identified so far is the amino acid conjugate jasmonoyl-isoleucin (JA-Ile). In order to conjugate JA to Ile, an enzyme of the GH3 family, JASMONATE RESISTANT 1, is required. We characterized mutants of OsJAR1 on a physiological and biochemical level and found evidence for redundantly active enzymes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Svyatyna
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Cell Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr 2, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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19
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Hu Z, Yan H, Yang J, Yamaguchi S, Maekawa M, Takamure I, Tsutsumi N, Kyozuka J, Nakazono M. Strigolactones negatively regulate mesocotyl elongation in rice during germination and growth in darkness. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1136-42. [PMID: 20498118 PMCID: PMC2900821 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are newly discovered plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development including shoot branching. They also stimulate symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Rice has at least three genes that are involved in SL synthesis (D10, D17/HTD1 and D27) and at least two genes that are involved in SL signaling (D3) and SL signaling or downstream metabolism (D14/D88/HTD2). We observed that mesocotyl elongation in darkness was greater in rice mutants defective in these genes than in the wild type. Exogenous application of a synthetic SL analog, GR24, rescued the phenotype of mesocotyl elongation in the SL-deficient mutants, d10-1, d17-1 and d27-1, in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect mesocotyl lengths of the SL-insensitive mutants, d3-1 and d14-1. No significant differences in cell length were found between the d mutants and the wild type, except for some cells on the lower half of the d3-1 mesocotyl that were shortened. On the other hand, the number of cells in the mesocotyls was 3- to 6-fold greater in the d mutants than in the wild type. Treatment with GR24 reduced the number of cells in the d10-1 mesocotyl to the wild-type level, but did not affect the number of cells in the d3-1 and d14-1 mesocotyls. These findings indicate that SLs negatively regulate cell division, but not cell elongation, in the mesocotyl during germination and growth of rice in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Hu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Haifang Yan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 PR China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 PR China
| | | | - Masahiko Maekawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Itsuro Takamure
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax: +81-52-789-4018
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20
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Andrés F, Galbraith DW, Talón M, Domingo C. Analysis of PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY5 sheds light on the role of phytochromes in photoperiodic flowering in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:681-90. [PMID: 19675157 PMCID: PMC2754645 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.139097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A great number of plants synchronize flowering with day length. In rice (Oryza sativa), photoperiod is the primary environmental cue that triggers flowering. Here, we show that the s73 mutant, identified in a gamma-irradiated Bahia collection, displays early flowering and photoperiodic insensitivity due to a null mutation in the PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY5 (SE5) gene, which encodes an enzyme implicated in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis. s73 mutant plants show a number of alterations in the characteristic diurnal expression patterns of master genes involved in photoperiodic control of flowering, resulting in up-regulation of the floral integrator Heading date3a (Hd3a). Early heading date1 (Ehd1), an additional rice floral activator, was also highly expressed in the s73 mutant, suggesting that SE5 represses Ehd1 in wild-type plants. Silencing of Ehd1 in both Bahia and s73 backgrounds indicated that SE5 regulates Ehd1 expression. The data also indicate that SE5 confers photoperiodic sensitivity through regulation of Hd1. These results provide direct evidence that phytochromes inhibit flowering by affecting both Hd1 and Ehd1 flowering pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Andrés
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Carretera Moncada-Naquera Km 7.5, 46113 Moncada, Spain
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21
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Riemann M, Riemann M, Takano M. Rice JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 is involved in phytochrome and jasmonate signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:783-92. [PMID: 18266905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important negative regulator of light-regulated coleoptile elongation in rice. We isolated rice JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (osjar1) mutants from the Tos17 mutant panel by BLAST search. In far-red and blue lights, osjar1 coleoptiles were longer if compared with the wild type (WT), indicating that OsJar1 participates in the suppression of coleoptile elongation in these light conditions, while the mutant did not show a clear phenotype in red light. The analysis of OsJar1 expression in phytochrome (phy) mutants revealed that phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) act redundantly to induce this gene by red light, presumably. Unexpectedly, blue light-induced expression of OsJar1 gene was impaired in phyA-deficient mutants, indicating the involvement of phyA in the blue light signalling. In WT seedlings, OsJar1 transcripts were up-regulated transiently in response to treatment with exogenous methyl-jasmonic acid (MeJA). The dose-response curve of the MeJA treatment showed a characteristic pattern: concentrations as low as 4.5 nM could induce OsJar1 transcription, while the gene was superinduced at a concentration of 450 microM MeJA. In summary, this paper demonstrated that OsJar1 modulates light and JA signalling in the photomorphogenesis of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Riemann
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
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22
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Biswas KK, Ooura C, Higuchi K, Miyazaki Y, Van Nguyen V, Rahman A, Uchimiya H, Kiyosue T, Koshiba T, Tanaka A, Narumi I, Oono Y. Genetic characterization of mutants resistant to the antiauxin p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid reveals that AAR3, a gene encoding a DCN1-like protein, regulates responses to the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in Arabidopsis roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 145:773-85. [PMID: 17905859 PMCID: PMC2048793 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To isolate novel auxin-responsive mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we screened mutants for root growth resistance to a putative antiauxin, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), which inhibits auxin action by interfering the upstream auxin-signaling events. Eleven PCIB-resistant mutants were obtained. Genetic mapping indicates that the mutations are located in at least five independent loci, including two known auxin-related loci, TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 and Arabidopsis CULLIN1. antiauxin-resistant mutants (aars) aar3-1, aar4, and aar5 were also resistant to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as shown by a root growth assay. Positional cloning of aar3-1 revealed that the AAR3 gene encodes a protein with a domain of unknown function (DUF298), which has not previously been implicated in auxin signaling. The protein has a putative nuclear localization signal and shares homology with the DEFECTIVE IN CULLIN NEDDYLATION-1 protein through the DUF298 domain. The results also indicate that PCIB can facilitate the identification of factors involved in auxin or auxin-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kanti Biswas
- Radiation-Applied Biology Division, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Takasaki 370-1292, Japan
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23
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Abstract
Cryptochromes are blue light receptors that mediate various light-induced responses in plants and animals. They share sequence similarity to photolyases, flavoproteins that catalyze the repair of UV light-damaged DNA, but do not have photolyase activity. Arabidopsis cryptochromes work together with the red/far-red light receptor phytochromes to regulate various light responses, including the regulation of cell elongation and photoperiodic flowering, and are also found to act together with the blue light receptor phototropins to mediate blue light regulation of stomatal opening. The signaling mechanism of Arabidopsis cryptochromes is mediated through negative regulation of COP1 by direct CRY-COP1 interaction through CRY C-terminal domain. Arabidopsis CRY dimerized through its N-terminal domain and dimerization of CRY is required for light activation of the photoreceptor activity. Recently, significant progresses have been made in our understanding of cryptochrome functions in other dicots such as pea and tomato and lower plants including moss and fern. This review will focus on recent advances in functional and mechanism characterization of cryptochromes in plants. It is not intended to cover every aspect of the field; readers are referred to other review articles for historical perspectives and a more comprehensive understanding of this photoreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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24
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Xie X, Shinomura T, Inagaki N, Kiyota S, Takano M. Phytochrome-Mediated Inhibition of Coleoptile Growth in Rice: Age-dependency and Action Spectra†. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 83:131-8. [PMID: 17029495 DOI: 10.1562/2006-03-17-ra-850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytochrome has been shown to be the major photoreceptor involved in the photo-inhibition of coleoptile growth in Japonica-type rice (Oryza sativa L.). We have characterized this typical photomorphogenetic response of rice using mutants deficient in phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) and with respect to age-dependency and action spectra. Seedlings were irradiated with a pulse of light 40 h or 80 h after germination (i.e. at an early or late developmental stage) and the final coleoptile length of these seedlings was determined. A saturating pulse of red light (R) had a stronger effect when it was given in the late stage than in the early stage. It was found that the photoinhibition is mediated by both the phyA and the phyB in the late stage but predominantly by phyB in the early stage. Consistent with many other reported responses, the photo-inhibition in the phyA mutant, which was observed in the early and late developmental stages and is thought to be mediated mainly by phyB, occurred in the low-fluence range (10(1)-10(3) micromol m(-2)) of R and was far-red-light (FR)-reversible; the photo-inhibition in the phyB mutant, which was observed in the late developmental stage and is thought to be mediated mainly by phyA, occurred in the very-low-fluence range (10(-2)-10(0) micromol m(-2)) and was FR-irreversible. The action spectra (350-800 nm at 50 nm intervals) obtained at the two developmental stages using phyA and phyB mutants indicated that both the phyB-mediated low-fluence response and the phyA-mediated very-low-fluence response have a major peak at 650 nm and a minor peak at 400 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Xie
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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25
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Nishimura T, Mori Y, Furukawa T, Kadota A, Koshiba T. Red light causes a reduction in IAA levels at the apical tip by inhibiting de novo biosynthesis from tryptophan in maize coleoptiles. PLANTA 2006; 224:1427-35. [PMID: 16741747 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
When maize coleoptiles were unilaterally exposed to red light (7.9 micromol m(-2)s(-1) for 5 min), 3 h after treatment IAA levels in coleoptiles decreased in all regions, from top to basal, with levels about 60% of dark controls. Localized irradiation in the 5 mm top zone was sufficient to cause the same extent of IAA reduction in the tips to that in the tips of whole irradiated shoots. When coleoptiles were treated with N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an accumulation of IAA in the tip and a decrease of diffusible IAA from tips were simultaneously detected. IAA accumulation in red-light treated coleoptiles by NPA was much lower than that of dark controls. NPA treatment did not affect the content of conjugated IAA in either dark or light treated coleoptile tips. When (13)C(11) (15)N(2)-tryptophan (Trp) was applied to the top of coleoptiles, substantial amounts of stable isotope were incorporated into free IAA in dark and red-light treated coleoptile tips. The ratio of incorporation was slightly lower in red-light treated coleoptile tips than that in dark controls. The label could not be detected in conjugated IAA. The rate of basipetal transport of IAA was about 10 mm h(-1) and the velocity was not affected by red light. These results strongly suggest that red light does not affect the rates of conversion of free IAA to the conjugate form or of the basipetal transport, but just reduces the IAA level in the tips, probably inhibited by IAA biosynthesis from Trp in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Hirose F, Shinomura T, Tanabata T, Shimada H, Takano M. Involvement of rice cryptochromes in de-etiolation responses and flowering. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 47:915-25. [PMID: 16760221 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcj064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the function of cryptochromes (cry) in rice, we have characterized all rice CRY genes, including OsCRY1a, OsCRY1b and OsCRY2. Our studies revealed that OsCRY1 genes were mainly expressed in the green plant tissue, while OsCRY2 gene expression was high in the coleoptile, flower and callus. Light treatment affected neither the expression of any of the OsCRY genes nor the stability of their transcripts. However, it was found that Oscry2 protein was negatively regulated by blue light. Moreover, the level of Oscry2 protein also decreased upon red light treatment, and this red light-dependent degradation was shown to be mediated by phytochrome B. Overexpression of OsCRY1 genes resulted in an increased responsiveness to blue light when measuring coleoptile growth inhibition. Moreover, growth of leaf sheaths and blades was also repressed more in OsCRY1 overexpressers than in wild type (WT) under blue light conditions. These results suggest that Oscry1s are responsible for regulating blue light-mediated de-etiolation in rice. In addition, OsCRY2 antisense transgenic rice flowered later than WT under both long-day and short-day conditions, indicating that Oscry2 is involved in the promotion of flowering time in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Hirose
- Department of Plant Physiology, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
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Zhang YC, Gong SF, Li QH, Sang Y, Yang HQ. Functional and signaling mechanism analysis of rice CRYPTOCHROME 1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 46:971-83. [PMID: 16805731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRY) are blue-light photoreceptors that mediate various light responses, such as inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, enhancement of cotyledon expansion, anthocyanin accumulation and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. The signaling mechanism of Arabidopsis CRY is mediated through direct interaction with COP1, a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis. CRY has now been characterized in tomato, pea, moss and fern, but its function in monocots is largely unknown. Here we report the function and basic signaling mechanism of rice cryptochrome 1 (OsCRY1). Overexpresion of OsCRY1b resulted in a blue light-dependent short hypcotyl phenotype in Arabidopsis, and a short coleoptile, leaf sheath and leaf blade phenotype in rice (Oryza sativa). On fusion with beta-glucuronidase (GUS), the C-terminal domain of either OsCRY1a (OsCCT1a) or OsCRY1b (OsCCT1b) mediated a constitutive photomorphogenic (COP) phenotype in both Arabidopsis and rice, whereas OsCCT1b mutants corresponding to missense mutations in previously described Arabidopsis cry1 alleles failed to confer a COP phenotype. Yeast two-hybrid and subcellular co-localization studies demonstrated that OsCRY1b interacted physically with rice COP1 (OsCOP1). From these results, we conclude that OsCRY1 is implicated in blue-light inhibition of coleoptile and leaf elongation during early seedling development in rice, and that the signaling mechanism of OsCRY1 involves direct interaction with OsCOP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China
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Yoshihara T, Iino M. Circumnutation of rice coleoptiles: its relationships with gravitropism and absence in lazy mutants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2006; 29:778-92. [PMID: 17087462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although circumnutation occurs widely in higher plants, its mechanism is little understood. The idea that circumnutation is based on gravitropism has long been investigated, but the reported results have been controversial. We used dark-grown coleoptiles of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to re-investigate this issue. The following results supported the existence of a close relationship between gravitropism and circumnutation: (1) circumnutation disappears on a horizontal clinostat; (2) circumnutation is interrupted by a gravitropic response and re-initiated at a definable phase after gravitropic curvature; (3) circumnutation can be re-established by submergence and a brief gravitropic stimulation in the coleoptiles that have stopped nutating in response to red light; and (4) lazy mutants show no circumnutation. In spite of these results, however, there were cases in which gravitropism and circumnutation could be separated. Firstly, the non-circumnutating lazy coleoptile showed nearly a wild-type level of gravitropic responsiveness in its upper half, although this part was an active site of both gravitropism and circumnutation in wild-type coleoptiles. Secondly, coleoptiles could nutate without overshooting the vertical when developing phototropic curvature. It is concluded that gravitropism influences, but it is not directly involved in the process of circumnutation. It is further suggested that a gravity signal, shared with gravitropism, contributes to the maintenance of circumnutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshihara
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Kisaichi, Katano-shi, Osaka 576-0004, Japan
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He G, Tarui Y, Iino M. A Novel Receptor Kinase Involved in Jasmonate-mediated Wound and Phytochrome Signaling in Maize Coleoptiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 46:870-83. [PMID: 15829513 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We identified a gene of maize (Zea mays L.) that is transcriptionally activated in decapitated coleoptiles. The amino acid sequence deduced from its full-length cDNA indicated that the identified gene encodes a novel leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinase. The gene is named WOUND-RESPONSIVE AND PHYTOCHROME-REGULATED KINASE1 (WPK1) based on the findings of this study. Database searches revealed two and three homologs of WPK1 for Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, respectively. These homologs occurred along with WPK1 on a phylogenetic branch separated from all reported receptor kinases. We uncovered that the level of WPK1 transcripts is up-regulated rapidly and transiently in response to wounding and red light. The response to red light was reversible by far-red light, indicating that it is mediated by phytochrome. Applied jasmonic acid activated the expression of WPK1, while ethylene, salicylic acid and abscisic acid had no such effect. These results strongly suggested that WPK1 is a component of the jasmonate-mediated signaling that participates in both wound-induced defensive and phytochrome-mediated photomorphogenetic responses. Furthermore, it was found that both wounding and red light up-regulate the transcript level of ZmAOS, a gene for the jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme allene oxide synthase, and that auxin inhibits the expression of WPK1 but not of ZmAOS. We present a model of jasmonate-mediated signaling to explain the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen He
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Kisaichi, Katano-shi, Osaka, 576-0004 Japan
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Yoshihara T, Iino M. Circumnutation of rice coleoptiles: its occurrence, regulation by phytochrome, and relationship with gravitropism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2005; 28:134-46. [PMID: 16010729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that coleoptiles of dark-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings undergo regular circumnutation in circular orbits with periods of about 180 min. Both clockwise and counter-clockwise movements were observed, but individual coleoptiles continued to rotate only in one direction. Light-grown seedlings did not show circumnutation. In fact, dark-grown seedlings were found to cease circumnutating in response to a pulse of red light (R). This light-induced inhibition of circumnutation was demonstrated to involve both a FR-inducible very-low-fluence response, solely mediated by phytochrome A, and a FR-reversible low-fluence response, mediated by phytochrome B and/or C. The R-induced inhibition of circumnutation showed temporal agreement with the R-induced inhibition of coleoptile growth, suggesting that the former results from the latter. However, about 25% of growth activity remained after R treatment, indicating that circumnutation is more specifically regulated by phytochrome. The R-treated coleoptile showed gravitropism. Investigation of the growth differential for gravitropic curvature revealed that gravitropic responsiveness was rather enhanced by R. The results suggested that gravitropism is not a cause of circumnutation. It remained probable, however, that gravity perception is a part of the mechanism of circumnutation. It is speculated that the circumnutation investigated aids the seedling shoot in growing through the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshihara
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Kisaichi, Katano-shi, Osaka, Japan
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Kurata N, Miyoshi K, Nonomura KI, Yamazaki Y, Ito Y. Rice mutants and genes related to organ development, morphogenesis and physiological traits. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 46:48-62. [PMID: 15659430 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic studies and the sequenced genome information have made it possible to utilize phenotypic mutants for characterizing relevant genes at the molecular level and reveal their functions. Various mutants and strains expressing phenotypic and physiological variations provide an indispensable source for functional analysis of genes. In this review, we cover almost all of the rice mutants found to date and the variant strains that are important in developmental, physiological and agronomical studies. Mutants and genes showing defects in vegetative organs, i.e. leaf, culm and root, inflorescence reproductive organ and seeds with an embryo and endosperm are described with regards to their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. A variety of alleles detected by quantitative trait locus analysis, such as heading date, disease/insect resistance and stress tolerance, are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Kurata
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan.
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Haga K, Takano M, Neumann R, Iino M. The Rice COLEOPTILE PHOTOTROPISM1 gene encoding an ortholog of Arabidopsis NPH3 is required for phototropism of coleoptiles and lateral translocation of auxin. THE PLANT CELL 2005; 17:103-15. [PMID: 15598797 PMCID: PMC544493 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.028357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We isolated a mutant, named coleoptile phototropism1 (cpt1), from gamma-ray-mutagenized japonica-type rice (Oryza sativa). This mutant showed no coleoptile phototropism and severely reduced root phototropism after continuous stimulation. A map-based cloning strategy and transgenic complementation test were applied to demonstrate that a NPH3-like gene deleted in the mutant corresponds to CPT1. Phylogenetic analysis of putative CPT1 homologs of rice and related proteins indicated that CPT1 has an orthologous relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana NPH3. These results, along with those for Arabidopsis, demonstrate that NPH3/CPT1 is a key signal transduction component of higher plant phototropism. In an extended study with the cpt1 mutant, it was found that phototropic differential growth is accompanied by a CPT1-independent inhibition of net growth. Kinetic investigation further indicated that a small phototropism occurs in cpt1 coleoptiles. This response, induced only transiently, was thought to be caused by the CPT1-independent growth inhibition. The 3H-indole-3-acetic acid applied to the coleoptile tip was asymmetrically distributed between the two sides of phototropically responding coleoptiles. However, no asymmetry was induced in cpt1 coleoptiles, indicating that lateral translocation of auxin occurs downstream of CPT1. It is concluded that the CPT1-dependent major phototropism of coleoptiles is achieved by lateral auxin translocation and subsequent growth redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Haga
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Kisaichi, Katano-shi, Osaka 576-0004, Japan
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Haga K, Iino M. Phytochrome-Mediated Transcriptional Up-regulation of ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE in Rice Seedlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 45:119-28. [PMID: 14988482 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pch025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). We identified four AOS gene homologs, named OsAOS1-4, in the database of a japonica rice genome and cloned a full-length cDNA of OsAOS1. The analysis of deduced amino acid sequences indicated that only OsAOS1 has a chloroplast transit peptide among all the identified monocot AOSs including OsAOSs. We found that the transcripts of OsAOS1 and OsAOS4 are up-regulated by red and far-red light in seedling shoots. The response in OsAOS1 transcripts occurred rapidly and transiently, while the response in OsAOS4 transcripts was slower and more sustainable; the maximal enhancement was greater in OsAOS1 transcripts than in OsAOS4 transcripts. The transcript of OsAOS1 was also up-regulated transiently in response to wounding, as reported for dicot AOSs. No wound-induced enhancement occurred, however, in OsAOS4 transcripts. Our results also indicated that OsAOS1, responding to both light and wounding, is the most highly expressed of all the OsAOSs in seedling shoots. By using phyA mutants of rice, it was demonstrated that the photoregulation of the AOS transcript level is mediated by phytochrome. It is suggested that this transcriptional photoregulation participates in the phytochrome-mediated inhibition of rice coleoptile growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Haga
- Botanical Gardens, Research School of Science, Osaka City University, Kisaichi, Katano-shi, Osaka, 576-0004 Japan
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Riemann M, Muller A, Korte A, Furuya M, Weiler EW, Nick P. Impaired induction of the jasmonate pathway in the rice mutant hebiba. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 133:1820-30. [PMID: 14605232 PMCID: PMC300735 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.027490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2003] [Revised: 06/27/2003] [Accepted: 08/31/2003] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The elongation of rice (Oryza sativa) coleoptiles is inhibited by light, and this photoinhibition was used to screen for mutants with impaired light response. In one of the isolated mutants, hebiba, coleoptile elongation was stimulated in the presence of red light, but inhibited in the dark. Light responses of endogenous indolyl-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid were identical between the wild type and the mutant. In contrast, the wild type showed a dramatic increase of jasmonate heralded by corresponding increases in the content of its precursor o-phytodienoic acid, whereas both compounds were not detectable in the mutant. The jasmonate response to wounding was also blocked in the mutant. The mutant phenotype was rescued by addition of exogenous methyl jasmonate and o-phytodienoic acid. Moreover, the expression of O. sativa 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase, an early gene of jasmonic acid-synthesis, is induced by red light in the wild type, but not in the mutant. This evidence suggests a novel role for jasmonates in the light response of growth, and we discuss a cross-talk between jasmonate and auxin signaling. In addition, hebiba represents the first rice mutant in which the induction of the jasmonate pathway is impaired providing a valuable tool to study the role of jasmonates in Graminean development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riemann
- Biologisches Institut II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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