1
|
Wang Y, Luo B, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Du S. Nitrate-induced AHb1 expression aggravates Cd toxicity in plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132495. [PMID: 37690205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) causes severe toxicity in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance to Cd in relation to nitrogen (N) supply remain unclear. The non-symbiotic hemoglobin gene Hb1 plays an important role in scavenging nitric oxide (NO) in plants. In this study, there was no differential effect of Cd on the biomass of wild-type (WT) and AHb1-overexpressing (H7) plants when NH4+-N was used as a nitrogen source. However, under NO3--N conditions, Cd exerted less biomass stress on AHb1-silenced (L3) plants and more stress on H7 plants than on WT plants. The Cd tolerance index followed the order: L3 > WT > H7. However, there was no difference in Cd concentrations in the roots or shoots of the WT, L3, and H7 plants, indicating that differences in AHb1 expression were unrelated to Cd uptake. Further investigation showed that Cd exposure enhanced H2O2 accumulation and aggravated oxidative damage in H7 plants. The application of an NO donor effectively reversed growth inhibition, H2O2 burst, and oxidative stress induced by Cd in H7 plants. Thus, we suggest that NO3--induced AHb1 expression suppresses Cd-induced NO production in plants, increasing the ROS burst and exacerbating Cd toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Planting Technology Extension Center of Dongyang, Jinhua 322100, China
| | - Bingfang Luo
- Huiduoli AMP Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310052, China; College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Shaoting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Derrien V, André E, Bernad S. Peroxidase activity of rice (Oryza sativa) hemoglobin: distinct role of tyrosines 112 and 151. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:613-626. [PMID: 37507628 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Five non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nsHb) have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa). Previous studies have shown that stress conditions can induce their overexpression, but the role of those globins is still unclear. To better understand the functions of nsHb, the reactivity of rice Hb1 toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been studied in vitro. Our results show that recombinant rice Hb1 dimerizes through dityrosine cross-links in the presence of H2O2. By site-directed mutagenesis, we suggest that tyrosine 112 located in the FG loop is involved in this dimerization. Interestingly, this residue is not conserved in the sequence of the five rice non-symbiotic hemoglobins. Stopped-flow spectrophotometric experiments have been performed to measure the catalytic constants of rice Hb and its variants using the oxidation of guaiacol. We have shown that Tyrosine112 is a residue that enhances the peroxidase activity of rice Hb1, since its replacement by an alananine leads to a decrease of guaiacol oxidation. In contrast, tyrosine 151, a conserved residue which is buried inside the heme pocket, reduces the protein reactivity. Indeed, the variant Tyr151Ala exhibits a higher peroxidase activity than the wild type. Interestingly, this residue affects the heme coordination and the replacement of the tyrosine by an alanine leads to the loss of the distal ligand. Therefore, even if the amino acid at position 151 does not participate to the formation of the dimer, this residue modulates the peroxidase activity and plays a role in the hexacoordinated state of the heme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Derrien
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Avenue Jean Perrin. Bat 350, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Eric André
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Avenue Jean Perrin. Bat 350, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Bernad
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Avenue Jean Perrin. Bat 350, 91405, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conformational Dynamics of Phytoglobin BvPgb1.2 from Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043973. [PMID: 36835381 PMCID: PMC9961634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hemoglobins, often referred to as phytoglobins, play important roles in abiotic stress tolerance. Several essential small physiological metabolites can be bound to these heme proteins. In addition, phytoglobins can catalyze a range of different oxidative reactions in vivo. These proteins are often oligomeric, but the degree and relevance of subunit interactions are largely unknown. In this study, we delineate which residues are involved in dimer formation of a sugar beet phytoglobin type 1.2 (BvPgb1.2) using NMR relaxation experiments. E. coli cells harboring a phytoglobin expression vector were cultivated in isotope-labeled (2H, 13C and 15N) M9 medium. The triple-labeled protein was purified to homogeneity using two chromatographic steps. Two forms of BvPgb1.2 were examined, the oxy-form and the more stable cyanide-form. Using three-dimensional triple-resonance NMR experiments, sequence-specific assignments for CN-bound BvPgb1.2 were achieved for 137 backbone amide cross-peaks in the 1H-15N TROSY spectrum, which amounts to 83% of the total number of 165 expected cross-peaks. A large proportion of the non-assigned residues are located in α-helixes G and H, which are proposed to be involved in protein dimerization. Such knowledge around dimer formation will be instrumental for developing a better understanding of phytoglobins' roles in planta.
Collapse
|
4
|
Flooding Tolerance in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050878. [PMID: 35624742 PMCID: PMC9138130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding is harmful to almost all higher plants, including crop species. Most cultivars of the root crop sweet potato are able to tolerate environmental stresses such as drought, high temperature, and high salinity. They are, however, relatively sensitive to flooding stress, which greatly reduces yield and commercial value. Previous transcriptomic analysis of flood-sensitive and flood-resistant sweet potato cultivars identified genes that were likely to contribute to protection against flooding stress, including genes related to ethylene (ET), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. Although each sweet potato cultivar can be classified as either tolerant or sensitive to flooding stress, the molecular mechanisms of flooding resistance in ET, ROS, and NO regulation-mediated responses have not yet been reported. Therefore, this study characterized the regulation of ET, ROS, and NO metabolism in two sweet potato cultivars—one flood-tolerant cultivar and one flood-sensitive cultivar—under early flooding treatment conditions. The expression of ERFVII genes, which are involved in low oxygen signaling, was upregulated in leaves during flooding stress treatments. In addition, levels of respiratory burst oxidase homologs and metallothionein-mediated ROS scavenging were greatly increased in the early stage of flooding in the flood-tolerant sweet potato cultivar compared with the flood-sensitive cultivar. The expression of genes involved in NO biosynthesis and scavenging was also upregulated in the tolerant cultivar. Finally, NO scavenging-related MDHAR expressions and enzymatic activity were higher in the flood-tolerant cultivar than in the flood-sensitive cultivar. These results indicate that, in sweet potato, genes involved in ET, ROS, and NO regulation play an important part in response mechanisms against flooding stress.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong Y, Bao Q, Gao M, Qiu W, Song Z. A novel mechanism study of microplastic and As co-contamination on indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126694. [PMID: 34332483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the compound pollution of microplastics and arsenic (As) in paddy soil can affect the growth and quality of rice, relevant research on this phenomenon was limited. Therefore, we combined a pot experiment with computational chemistry to explore the effects and mechanism of polystyrene (PSMP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microplastics on As bioavailability. PSMP and PTFE interacted with rice root exudates through van der Waals forces, approached the rice root system, inhibited root activity, reduced the relative abundance of Geobacteria and Anaeromyxobacter, and consequently reduced the iron plaques on the root surfaces. Consequently, As uptake by the rice was inhibited. PSMP and PTFE reduced the hemoglobin content by directly destroying its tertiary structure, thereby retarding rice growth. In contrast, As increased the hemoglobin content by inducing reactive oxygen species in rice. Under the influence of PSMP, PTFE, and As, the activities of soluble starch synthase and pyrophosphorylase in rice grains were inhibited, and starch accumulation decreased. Thus, PSMP, PTFE, and As reduced rice biomass and yield owing to their physiological toxicity and adverse impacts on root activity. Grain yields in soil with an As content of 86.3 mg·kg-1, 0.5% small particle-sized PSMP, and 0.5% small particle-sized PTFE decreased by 30.7%, 20.6%, and 19.4%, respectively, compared to the control. This study determined the comprehensive mechanism through which PSMP and PTFE affect As bioavailability, which is critical for managing rice biomass and low yields in As and microplastic co-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youming Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qiongli Bao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhat JA, Ahmad P, Corpas FJ. Main nitric oxide (NO) hallmarks to relieve arsenic stress in higher plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124289. [PMID: 33153789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that adversely affects plant growth, and poses severe risks to human health. It induces disturbance to many physiological and metabolic pathways such as nutrient, water and redox imbalance, abnormal photosynthesis and ATP synthesis and loss of membrane integrity. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical molecule endogenously generated in plant cells which has signalling properties. Under As-stress, the endogenous NO metabolism is significantly affected in a clear connection with the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering nitro-oxidative stress. However, the exogenous NO application provides beneficial effects under As-stress conditions which can relieve oxidative damages by stimulating the antioxidant systems, regulation of the expression of the transporter and other defence-related genes, modification of root cell wall composition or the biosynthesis of enriched sulfur compounds such phytochelatins (PCs). This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the key NO hallmarks to relieve As-stress in higher plants. Furthermore, it will be analyzed the diverse genetic engineering techniques to increase the endogenous NO content which could open new biotechnological applications, especially in crops under arsenic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 8, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakamura M, Noguchi K. Tolerant mechanisms to O 2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:343-371. [PMID: 32185673 PMCID: PMC7214491 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P)+ and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by non-phosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O2 escape and low O2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH4+ as the nitrogen (N) source without NH4+-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O2 supply system efficiently use NO3- from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO2--driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoka Nakamura
- Department of Bio-Production, Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nejamkin A, Foresi N, Mayta ML, Lodeyro AF, Castello FD, Correa-Aragunde N, Carrillo N, Lamattina L. Nitrogen Depletion Blocks Growth Stimulation Driven by the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:312. [PMID: 32265964 PMCID: PMC7100548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule widespread studied in plant physiology. Latter evidence supports the lack of a NO-producing system involving a NO synthase (NOS) activity in higher plants. However, a NOS gene from the unicellular marine alga Ostreococcus tauri (OtNOS) was characterized in recent years. OtNOS is a genuine NOS, with similar spectroscopic fingerprints to mammalian NOSs and high NO producing capacity. We are interested in investigating whether OtNOS activity alters nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen availability, thus improving growth promotion conditions in tobacco. Tobacco plants were transformed with OtNOS under the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing OtNOS accumulated higher NO levels compared to siblings transformed with the empty vector, and displayed accelerated growth in different media containing sufficient nitrogen availability. Under conditions of nitrogen scarcity, the growth promoting effect of the OtNOS expression is diluted in terms of total leaf area, protein content and seed production. It is proposed that OtNOS might possess a plant growth promoting effect through facilitating N remobilization and nitrate assimilation with potential to improve crop plants performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Nejamkin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Noelia Foresi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín L. Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anabella F. Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Del Castello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A forty year journey: The generation and roles of NO in plants. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:53-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
10
|
Rubio MC, Calvo-Begueria L, Díaz-Mendoza M, Elhiti M, Moore M, Matamoros MA, James EK, Díaz I, Pérez-Rontomé C, Villar I, Sein-Echaluce VC, Hebelstrup KH, Dietz KJ, Becana M. Phytoglobins in the nuclei, cytoplasm and chloroplasts modulate nitric oxide signaling and interact with abscisic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:38-54. [PMID: 31148289 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic hemoglobins provide O2 to N2 -fixing bacteria within legume nodules, but the functions of non-symbiotic hemoglobins or phytoglobins (Glbs) are much less defined. Immunolabeling combined with confocal microscopy of the Glbs tagged at the C-terminus with green fluorescent protein was used to determine their subcellular localizations in Arabidopsis and Lotus japonicus. Recombinant proteins were used to examine nitric oxide (NO) scavenging in vitro and transgenic plants to show S-nitrosylation and other in vivo interactions with NO and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. We found that Glbs occur in the nuclei, chloroplasts and amyloplasts of both model plants, and also in the cytoplasm of Arabidopsis cells. The proteins show similar NO dioxygenase activities in vitro, are nitrosylated in Cys residues in vivo, and scavenge NO in the stomatal cells. The Cys/Ser mutation does not affect NO dioxygenase activity, and S-nitrosylation does not significantly consume NO. We demonstrate an interaction between Glbs and ABA on several grounds: Glb1 and Glb2 scavenge NO produced in stomatal guard cells following ABA supply; plants overexpressing Glb1 show higher constitutive expression of the ABA responsive genes Responsive to ABA (RAB18), Responsive to Dehydration (RD29A) and Highly ABA-Induced 2 (HAI2), and are more tolerant to dehydration; and ABA strongly upregulates class 1 Glbs. We conclude that Glbs modulate NO and interact with ABA in crucial physiological processes such as the plant's response to dessication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Calvo-Begueria
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Díaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed Elhiti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Marten Moore
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University D-33501, Germany
| | - Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Euan K James
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Isabel Díaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rontomé
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Villar
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Violeta C Sein-Echaluce
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kim H Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University D-33501, Germany
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Buegger F, Albert A, Ghirardo A, Winkler B, Schnitzler JP, Hebelstrup KH, Durner J, Lindermayr C. Phytoglobin overexpression promotes barley growth in the presence of enhanced level of atmospheric nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4521-4537. [PMID: 31245808 PMCID: PMC6736386 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of high atmospheric NO concentrations on crop plants and the role of phytoglobins under these conditions, we performed a long-term study on barley 'Golden Promise' wild type (WT), class 1 phytoglobin knockdown (HvPgb1.1-) and class 1 phytoglobin overexpression (HvPgb1.1+) lines. Plants were cultivated with nitrogen-free nutrient solution during the entire growth period and were fumigated with different NO concentration (ambient, 800, 1500, and 3000 ppb). Analysis of fresh weight, stem number, chlorophyll content, and effective quantum yield of PSII showed that NO fumigation promoted plant growth and tillering significantly in the HvPgb1.1+ line. After 80 d of NO fumigation, dry matter weight, spikes number, kernel number, and plant kernel weight were significantly increased in HvPgb1.1+ plants with increasing NO concentration. In contrast, yield decreased in WT and HvPgb1.1- plants the higher the NO level. Application of atmospheric 15NO and 15NO2 demonstrated NO specificity of phytoglobins. 15N from 15NO could be detected in RNA, DNA, and proteins of barley leaves and the 15N levels were significantly higher in HvPgb1.1+ plants in comparison with HvPgb1.1- and WT plants. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of phytoglobins allows plants to more efficiently use atmospheric NO as N source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Franz Buegger
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martínez-Medina A, Pescador L, Fernández I, Rodríguez-Serrano M, García JM, Romero-Puertas MC, Pozo MJ. Nitric oxide and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory elements in the Solanum lycopersicum-Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1560-1574. [PMID: 31066909 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and phytoglobins in plant response to pathogenic and mutualistic microbes has been evidenced. However, little is known about their function in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. We investigated whether NO and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory components in the AM symbiosis. Rhizophagus irregularis in vitro-grown cultures and tomato plants were used to monitor AM-associated NO-related root responses as compared to responses triggered by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. A genetic approach was conducted to understand the role of PHYTOGB1 on NO signaling during both interactions. After a common early peak in NO levels in response to both fungi, a specific NO accumulation pattern was triggered in tomato roots during the onset of the AM interaction. PHYTOGB1 was upregulated by the AM interaction. By contrast, the pathogen triggered a continuous NO accumulation and a strong downregulation of PHYTOGB1. Manipulation of PHYTOGB1 levels in overexpressing and silenced roots led to a deregulation of NO levels and altered mycorrhization and pathogen infection. We demonstrate that the onset of the AM symbiosis is associated with a specific NO-related signature in the host root. We propose that NO regulation by PHYTOGB1 is a regulatory component of the AM symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Leyre Pescador
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Iván Fernández
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Serrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Juan M García
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeng W, Peng Y, Zhao X, Wu B, Chen F, Ren B, Zhuang Z, Gao Q, Ding Y. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of the Seedling Root Response of Drought-sensitive and Drought-tolerant Maize Varieties to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112793. [PMID: 31181633 PMCID: PMC6600177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of maize roots are closely related to drought tolerance. In order to clarify the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance between different maize (Zea mays L.) varieties at the protein level, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) quantitative proteomics were used for the comparative analysis of protein expression in the seedling roots of the drought-tolerant Chang 7-2 and drought-sensitive TS141 maize varieties under 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000)-simulated drought stress. We identified a total of 7723 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 1243 were significantly differentially expressed in Chang 7-2 following drought stress, 572 of which were up-regulated and 671 were down-regulated; 419 DEPs were identified in TS141, 172 of which were up-regulated and 247 were down-regulated. In Chang 7-2, the DEPs were associated with ribosome pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In TS141, the DEPs were associated with metabolic pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Compared with TS141, the higher drought tolerance of Chang 7-2 root system was attributed to a stronger water retention capacity; the synergistic effect of antioxidant enzymes; the strengthen cell wall; the osmotic stabilization of plasma membrane proteins; the effectiveness of recycling amino acid; and an improvement in the degree of lignification. The common mechanisms of the drought stress response between the two varieties included: The promotion of enzymes in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway; cross-protection against the toxicity of aldehydes and ammonia; maintenance of the cell membrane stability. Based on the proteome sequencing information, the coding region sequences of eight DEP-related genes were analyzed at the mRNA level by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The findings of this study can inform the future breeding of drought-tolerant maize varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yunling Peng
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Boyang Wu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Fenqi Chen
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Bin Ren
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Zelong Zhuang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Qiaohong Gao
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yongfu Ding
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tejada-Jimenez M, Llamas A, Galván A, Fernández E. Role of Nitrate Reductase in NO Production in Photosynthetic Eukaryotes. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8030056. [PMID: 30845759 PMCID: PMC6473468 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a gaseous secondary messenger that is critical for proper cell signaling and plant survival when exposed to stress. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in plants, under standard phototrophic oxygenic conditions, has long been a very controversial issue. A few algal strains contain NO synthase (NOS), which appears to be absent in all other algae and land plants. The experimental data have led to the hypothesis that molybdoenzyme nitrate reductase (NR) is the main enzyme responsible for NO production in most plants. Recently, NR was found to be a necessary partner in a dual system that also includes another molybdoenzyme, which was renamed NO-forming nitrite reductase (NOFNiR). This enzyme produces NO independently of the molybdenum center of NR and depends on the NR electron transport chain from NAD(P)H to heme. Under the circumstances in which NR is not present or active, the existence of another NO-forming system that is similar to the NOS system would account for NO production and NO effects. PII protein, which senses and integrates the signals of the C–N balance in the cell, likely has an important role in organizing cell responses. Here, we critically analyze these topics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tejada-Jimenez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Angel Llamas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Aurora Galván
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Planchet E, Lothier J, Limami AM. Hypoxic Respiratory Metabolism in Plants: Reorchestration of Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
16
|
Shankar A, Fernandes JL, Kaur K, Sharma M, Kundu S, Pandey GK. Rice phytoglobins regulate responses under low mineral nutrients and abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:215-230. [PMID: 29044557 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Just like animals, plants also contain haemoglobins (known as phytoglobins in plants). Plant phytoglobins (Pgbs) have been categorized into 6 different classes, namely, Phytogb0 (Pgb0), Phytogb1 (Pgb1), Phytogb2 (Pgb2), SymPhytogb (sPgb), Leghaemoglobin (Lb), and Phytogb3 (Pgb3). Among the 6 Phytogbs, sPgb and Lb have been functionally characterized, whereas understanding of the roles of other Pgbs is still evolving. In our present study, we have explored the function of 2 rice Pgbs (OsPgb1.1 and OsPgb1.2). OsPgb1.1, OsPgb1.2, OsPgb1.3, and OsPgb1.4 displayed increased level of transcript upon salt, drought, cold, and ABA treatment. The overexpression (OX) lines of OsPgb1.2 in Arabidopsis showed a tolerant phenotype in terms of better root growth in low potassium (K+ ) conditions. The expression of the known K+ gene markers such as LOX2, HAK5, and CAX3 was much higher in the OsPgb1.2 OX as compared to wild type. Furthermore, the OsPgb1.2 OX lines showed a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and conversely an increase in the K+ content, both in root and shoot, as compared to wild type in K+ limiting condition. Our results indicated the potential involvement of OsPgb1.2 in signalling networks triggered by the nutrient deficiency stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Shankar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Joel Lars Fernandes
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chamizo-Ampudia A, Sanz-Luque E, Llamas A, Galvan A, Fernandez E. Nitrate Reductase Regulates Plant Nitric Oxide Homeostasis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:163-174. [PMID: 28065651 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate reductase (NR) is a key enzyme for nitrogen acquisition by plants, algae, yeasts, and fungi. Nitrate, its main substrate, is required for signaling and is widely distributed in diverse tissues in plants. In addition, NR has been proposed as an important enzymatic source of nitric oxide (NO). Recently, NR has been shown to play a role in NO homeostasis by supplying electrons from NAD(P)H through its diaphorase/dehydrogenase domain both to a truncated hemoglobin THB1, which scavenges NO by its dioxygenase activity, and to the molybdoenzyme NO-forming nitrite reductase (NOFNiR) that is responsible for NO synthesis from nitrite. We review how NR may play a central role in plant biology by controlling the amounts of NO, a key signaling molecule in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain; Present address: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iqbal MJ, Majeed M, Humayun M, Lightfoot DA, Afzal AJ. Proteomic Profiling and the Predicted Interactome of Host Proteins in Compatible and Incompatible Interactions Between Soybean and Fusarium virguliforme. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1657-1674. [PMID: 27491306 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a complex of two diseases of soybean (Glycine max), caused by the soil borne pathogenic fungus Fusarium virguliforme. The root rot and leaf scorch diseases both result in significant yield losses worldwide. Partial SDS resistance has been demonstrated in multiple soybean cultivars. This study aimed to highlight proteomic changes in soybean roots by identifying proteins which are differentially expressed in near isogenic lines (NILs) contrasting at the Rhg1/Rfs2 locus for partial resistance or susceptibility to SDS. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved approximately 1000 spots on each gel; 12 spots with a significant (P < 0.05) difference in abundance of 1.5-fold or more were picked, trypsin-digested, and analyzed using quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Several spots contained more than one protein, so that 18 distinct proteins were identified overall. A functional analysis performed to categorize the proteins depicted that the major pathways altered by fungal infection include disease resistance, stress tolerance, and metabolism. This is the first report which identifies proteins whose abundances are altered in response to fungal infection leading to SDS. The results provide valuable information about SDS resistance in soybean plants, and plant partial resistance responses in general. More importantly, several of the identified proteins could be good candidates for the development of SDS-resistant soybean plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Javed Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Maryam Majeed
- Department of Biology, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Maheen Humayun
- Department of Biology, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - David A Lightfoot
- Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, Genomics Core Facility and Center for Excellence in Soybean Research, Teaching, and Outreach, and Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Ahmed J Afzal
- Department of Biology, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, Genomics Core Facility and Center for Excellence in Soybean Research, Teaching, and Outreach, and Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Athwal NS, Alagurajan J, Andreotti AH, Hargrove MS. Role of Reversible Histidine Coordination in Hydroxylamine Reduction by Plant Hemoglobins (Phytoglobins). Biochemistry 2016; 55:5809-5817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Singh Athwal
- The Roy
J. Carver Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jagannathan Alagurajan
- The Roy
J. Carver Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Amy H. Andreotti
- The Roy
J. Carver Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Mark S. Hargrove
- The Roy
J. Carver Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Domínguez S, Rubio MB, Cardoza RE, Gutiérrez S, Nicolás C, Bettiol W, Hermosa R, Monte E. Nitrogen Metabolism and Growth Enhancement in Tomato Plants Challenged with Trichoderma harzianum Expressing the Aspergillus nidulans Acetamidase amdS Gene. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1182. [PMID: 27536277 PMCID: PMC4971021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma is a fungal genus that includes species that are currently being used as biological control agents and/or as biofertilizers. In addition to the direct application of Trichoderma spp. as biocontrol agents in plant protection, recent studies have focused on the beneficial responses exerted on plants, stimulating the growth, activating the defenses, and/or improving nutrient uptake. The amdS gene, encoding an acetamidase of Aspergillus, has been used as a selectable marker for the transformation of filamentous fungi, including Trichoderma spp., but the physiological effects of the introduction of this gene into the genome of these microorganisms still remains unexplored. No evidence of amdS orthologous genes has been detected within the Trichoderma spp. genomes and the amdS heterologous expression in Trichoderma harzianum T34 did not affect the growth of this fungus in media lacking acetamide. However, it did confer the ability for the fungus to use this amide as a nitrogen source. Although a similar antagonistic behavior was observed for T34 and amdS transformants in dual cultures against Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum, a significantly higher antifungal activity was detected in amdS transformants against F. oxysporum, compared to that of T34, in membrane assays on media lacking acetamide. In Trichoderma-tomato interaction assays, amdS transformants were able to promote plant growth to a greater extent than the wild-type T34, although compared with this strain the transformants showed similar capability to colonize tomato roots. Gene expression patterns from aerial parts of 3-week-old tomato plants treated with T34 and the amdS transformants have also been investigated using GeneChip Tomato Genome Arrays. The downregulation of defense genes and the upregulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism genes observed in the microarrays were accompanied by (i) enhanced growth, (ii) increased carbon and nitrogen levels, and (iii) a higher sensitivity to B. cinerea infections in plants treated with amdS transformants as detected in greenhouse assays. These observations suggest that the increased plant development promoted by the amdS transformants was at expense of defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Domínguez
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Centre for Agricultural Research, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| | - M. Belén Rubio
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Centre for Agricultural Research, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa E. Cardoza
- Area of Microbiology, University School of Agricultural Engineering, University of LeonPonferrada, Spain
| | - Santiago Gutiérrez
- Area of Microbiology, University School of Agricultural Engineering, University of LeonPonferrada, Spain
| | - Carlos Nicolás
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Spanish-Portuguese Centre for Agricultural Research, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| | - Wagner Bettiol
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Centre for Agricultural Research, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
- Embrapa EnvironmentJaguariúna, Brazil
| | - Rosa Hermosa
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Centre for Agricultural Research, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique Monte
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Centre for Agricultural Research, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Overexpression of spinach non-symbiotic hemoglobin in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased NO content and lowered nitrate and other abiotic stresses tolerance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26400. [PMID: 27211528 PMCID: PMC4876387 DOI: 10.1038/srep26400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A class 1 non-symbiotic hemoglobin family gene, SoHb, was isolated from spinach. qRT-PCR showed that SoHb was induced by excess nitrate, polyethylene glycol, NaCl, H2O2, and salicylic acid. Besides, SoHb was strongly induced by application of nitric oxide (NO) donor, while was suppressed by NO scavenger, nitrate reductase inhibitor, and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Overexpression of SoHb in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased NO level and sensitivity to nitrate stress, as shown by reduced root length, fresh weight, the maximum photosystem II quantum ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and higher malondialdehyde contents. The activities and gene transcription of superoxide dioxidase, and catalase decreased under nitrate stress. Expression levels of RD22, RD29A, DREB2A, and P5CS1 decreased after nitrate treatment in SoHb-overexpressing plants, while increased in the WT plants. Moreover, SoHb-overexpressing plants showed decreased tolerance to NaCl and osmotic stress. In addition, the SoHb-overexpression lines showed earlier flower by regulating the expression of SOC, GI and FLC genes. Our results indicated that the decreasing NO content in Arabidopsis by overexpressing SoHb might be responsible for lowered tolerance to nitrate and other abiotic stresses.
Collapse
|
22
|
De Henau S, Tilleman L, Vangheel M, Luyckx E, Trashin S, Pauwels M, Germani F, Vlaeminck C, Vanfleteren JR, Bert W, Pesce A, Nardini M, Bolognesi M, De Wael K, Moens L, Dewilde S, Braeckman BP. A redox signalling globin is essential for reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8782. [PMID: 26621324 PMCID: PMC4686822 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now recognized as redox signalling molecules. However, thus far, only mitochondria and NADPH oxidases have been identified as cellular sources of ROS in signalling. Here we identify a globin (GLB-12) that produces superoxide, a type of ROS, which serves as an essential signal for reproduction in C. elegans. We find that GLB-12 has an important role in the regulation of multiple aspects in germline development, including germ cell apoptosis. We further describe how GLB-12 displays specific molecular, biochemical and structural properties that allow this globin to act as a superoxide generator. In addition, both an intra- and extracellular superoxide dismutase act as key partners of GLB-12 to create a transmembrane redox signal. Our results show that a globin can function as a driving factor in redox signalling, and how this signal is regulated at the subcellular level by multiple control layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha De Henau
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Lesley Tilleman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2000, Belgium
| | | | - Evi Luyckx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2000, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Trashin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2000, Belgium
| | - Martje Pauwels
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2000, Belgium
| | - Francesca Germani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wim Bert
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Pesce
- Department of Physics, University of Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano I-20133, Italy
- CNR-IBF and CIMAINA, University of Milano, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2000, Belgium
| | - Luc Moens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2000, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2000, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Electron self-exchange in hemoglobins revealed by deutero-hemin substitution. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 150:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
Hemoglobins (Hbs) corresponding to non-symbiotic (nsHb) and truncated (tHb) Hbs have been identified in rice (
Oryza). This review discusses the major findings from the current studies on rice Hbs. At the molecular level, a family of the
nshb genes, consisting of
hb1,
hb2,
hb3,
hb4 and
hb5, and a single copy of the
thb gene exist in
Oryza sativa var. indica and
O.
sativa var. japonica, Hb transcripts coexist in rice organs and Hb polypeptides exist in rice embryonic and vegetative organs and in the cytoplasm of differentiating cells. At the structural level, the crystal structure of rice Hb1 has been elucidated, and the structures of the other rice Hbs have been modeled. Kinetic analysis indicated that rice Hb1 and 2, and possibly rice Hb3 and 4, exhibit a very high affinity for O
2, whereas rice Hb5 and tHb possibly exhibit a low to moderate affinity for O
2. Based on the accumulated information on the properties of rice Hbs and data from the analysis of other plant and non-plant Hbs, it is likely that Hbs play a variety of roles in rice organs, including O
2-transport, O
2-sensing, NO-scavenging and redox-signaling. From an evolutionary perspective, an outline for the evolution of rice Hbs is available. Rice
nshb and
thb genes vertically evolved through different lineages, rice nsHbs evolved into clade I and clade II lineages and rice
nshbs and
thbs evolved under the effect of neutral selection. This review also reveals lacunae in our ability to completely understand rice Hbs. Primary lacunae are the absence of experimental information about the precise functions of rice Hbs, the properties of modeled rice Hbs and the
cis-elements and
trans-acting factors that regulate the expression of rice
hb genes, and the partial understanding of the evolution of rice Hbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Arredondo-Peter
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Jose F Moran
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, IdAB-CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Navarre, E-31192, Spain
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0937, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mochizuki S, Jikumaru Y, Nakamura H, Koiwai H, Sasaki K, Kamiya Y, Ichikawa H, Minami E, Nishizawa Y. Ubiquitin ligase EL5 maintains the viability of root meristems by influencing cytokinin-mediated nitrogen effects in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2307-18. [PMID: 24663342 PMCID: PMC4036501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Root formation is dependent on meristematic activity and is influenced by nitrogen supply. We have previously shown that ubiquitin ligase, EL5, in rice (Oryza sativa) is involved in the maintenance of root meristematic viability. When mutant EL5 protein is overexpressed to dominantly inhibit the endogenous EL5 function in rice, primordial and meristematic necrosis ia observed. Here, we analysed the cause of root cell death in transgenic rice plants (mEL5) overexpressing EL5V162A, which encodes a partly inactive ubiquitin ligase. The mEL5 mutants showed increased sensitivity to nitrogen that was reflected in the inhibition of root formation. Treatment of mEL5 with nitrate or nitrite caused meristematic cell death accompanied by browning. Transcriptome profiling of whole roots exhibited overlaps between nitrite-responsive genes in non-transgenic (NT) rice plants and genes with altered basal expression levels in mEL5. Phytohormone profiling of whole roots revealed that nitrite treatment increased cytokinin levels, but mEL5 constitutively contained more cytokinin than NT plants and showed increased sensitivity to exogenous cytokinin. More superoxide was detected in mEL5 roots after treatment with nitrite or cytokinin, and treatment with an inhibitor of superoxide production prevented mEL5 roots from both nitrite- and cytokinin-induced meristematic cell death. These results indicate a nitrogen-triggered pathway that leads to changes in root formation through the production of cytokinin and superoxide, on which EL5 acts to prevent meristematic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Mochizuki
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- Growth Regulation Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Hanae Koiwai
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Keisuke Sasaki
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- Growth Regulation Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichikawa
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Eiichi Minami
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan Growth Regulation Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Leiva-Eriksson N, Pin PA, Kraft T, Dohm JC, Minoche AE, Himmelbauer H, Bülow L. Differential expression patterns of non-symbiotic hemoglobins in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:834-44. [PMID: 24486763 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biennial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) is a Caryophyllidae that has adapted its growth cycle to the seasonal temperature and daylength variation of temperate regions. This is the first time a holistic study of the expression pattern of non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nsHbs) is being carried out in a member of this group and under two essential environmental conditions for flowering, namely vernalization and length of photoperiod. BvHb genes were identified by sequence homology searches against the latest draft of the sugar beet genome. Three nsHb genes (BvHb1.1, BvHb1.2 and BvHb2) and one truncated Hb gene (BvHb3) were found in the genome of sugar beet. Gene expression profiling of the nsHb genes was carried out by quantitative PCR in different organs and developmental stages, as well as during vernalization and under different photoperiods. BvHb1.1 and BvHb2 showed differential expression during vernalization as well as during long and short days. The high expression of BvHb2 indicates that it has an active role in the cell, maybe even taking over some BvHb1.2 functions, except during germination where BvHb1.2 together with BvHb1.1-both Class 1 nsHbs-are highly expressed. The unprecedented finding of a leader peptide at the N-terminus of BvHb1.1, for the first time in an nsHb from higher plants, together with its observed expression indicate that it may have a very specific role due to its suggested location in chloroplasts. Our findings open up new possibilities for research, breeding and engineering since Hbs could be more involved in plant development than previously was anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nélida Leiva-Eriksson
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221.00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Igamberdiev AU, Stasolla C, Hill RD. Low Oxygen Stress, Nonsymbiotic Hemoglobins, NO, and Programmed Cell Death. LOW-OXYGEN STRESS IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1254-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
29
|
Wang X, Hargrove MS. Nitric oxide in plants: the roles of ascorbate and hemoglobin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82611. [PMID: 24376554 PMCID: PMC3869716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid and hemoglobins have been linked to nitric oxide metabolism in plants. It has been hypothesized that ascorbic acid directly reduces plant hemoglobin in support of NO scavenging, producing nitrate and monodehydroascorbate. In this scenario, monodehydroascorbate reductase uses NADH to reduce monodehydroascorbate back to ascorbate to sustain the cycle. To test this hypothesis, rates of rice nonsymbiotic hemoglobin reduction by ascorbate were measured directly, in the presence and absence of purified rice monodehydroascorbate reductase and NADH. Solution NO scavenging was also measured methodically in the presence and absence of rice nonsymbiotic hemoglobin and monodehydroascorbate reductase, under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, in an effort to gauge the likelihood of these proteins affecting NO metabolism in plant tissues. Our results indicate that ascorbic acid slowly reduces rice nonsymbiotic hemoglobin at a rate identical to myoglobin reduction. The product of the reaction is monodehydroascorbate, which can be efficiently reduced back to ascorbate in the presence of monodehydroascorbate reductase and NADH. However, our NO scavenging results suggest that the direct reduction of plant hemoglobin by ascorbic acid is unlikely to serve as a significant factor in NO metabolism, even in the presence of monodehydroascorbate reductase. Finally, the possibility that the direct reaction of nitrite/nitrous acid and ascorbic acid produces NO was measured at various pH values mimicking hypoxic plant cells. Our results suggest that this reaction is a likely source of NO as the plant cell pH drops below 7, and as nitrite concentrations rise to mM levels during hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Hargrove
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Glyan’ko AK, Ischenko AA. Level nitric oxide (NO) and growth of roots of etiolated pea seedlings. BIOL BULL+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235901306006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
31
|
Puppo A, Pauly N, Boscari A, Mandon K, Brouquisse R. Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide: key regulators of the Legume-Rhizobium and mycorrhizal symbioses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2202-19. [PMID: 23249379 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE During the Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) appear to play an important signaling role in the establishment and the functioning of this interaction. Modifications of the levels of these reactive species in both partners impair either the development of the nodules (new root organs formed on the interaction) or their N(2)-fixing activity. RECENT ADVANCES NADPH oxidases (Noxs) have been recently described as major sources of H(2)O(2) production, via superoxide anion dismutation, during symbiosis. Nitrate reductases (NR) and electron transfer chains from both partners were found to significantly contribute to NO production in N(2)-fixing nodules. Both S-sulfenylated and S-nitrosylated proteins have been detected during early interaction and in functioning nodules, linking reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NO production to redox-based protein regulation. NO was also found to play a metabolic role in nodule energy metabolism. CRITICAL ISSUES H(2)O(2) may control the infection process and the subsequent bacterial differentiation into the symbiotic form. NO is required for an optimal establishment of symbiosis and appears to be a key player in nodule senescence. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A challenging question is to define more precisely when and where reactive species are generated and to develop adapted tools to detect their production in vivo. To investigate the role of Noxs and NRs in the production of H(2)O(2) and NO, respectively, the use of mutants under the control of organ-specific promoters will be of crucial interest. The balance between ROS and NO production appears to be a key point to understand the redox regulation of symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Puppo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, TGU INRA 1355-CNRS 7254, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rosic NN, Leggat W, Kaniewska P, Dove S, Hoegh-Guldberg O. New-old hemoglobin-like proteins of symbiotic dinoflagellates. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:822-34. [PMID: 23610627 PMCID: PMC3631397 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic dinoflagellates are unicellular photosynthetic algae that live in mutualistic symbioses with many marine organisms. Within the transcriptome of coral endosymbionts Symbiodinium sp. (type C3), we discovered the sequences of two novel and highly polymorphic hemoglobin-like genes and proposed their 3D protein structures. At the protein level, four isoforms shared between 87 and 97% sequence identity for Hb-1 and 78-99% for Hb-2, whereas between Hb-1 and Hb-2 proteins, only 15-21% sequence homology has been preserved. Phylogenetic analyses of the dinoflagellate encoding Hb sequences have revealed a separate evolutionary origin of the discovered globin genes and indicated the possibility of horizontal gene transfer. Transcriptional regulation of the Hb-like genes was studied in the reef-building coral Acropora aspera exposed to elevated temperatures (6-7°C above average sea temperature) over a 24-h period and a 72-h period, as well as to nutrient stress. Exposure to elevated temperatures resulted in an increased Hb-1 gene expression of 31% after 72 h only, whereas transcript abundance of the Hb-2 gene was enhanced by up to 59% by both 1-day and 3-day thermal stress conditions. Nutrient stress also increased gene expression of Hb-2 gene by 70%. Our findings describe the differential expression patterns of two novel Hb genes from symbiotic dinoflagellates and their polymorphic nature. Furthermore, the inducible nature of Hb-2 gene by both thermal and nutrient stressors indicates a prospective role of this form of hemoglobin in the initial coral-algal responses to changes in environmental conditions. This novel hemoglobin has potential use as a stress biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljka N Rosic
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Matilla AJ, Rodríguez-Gacio MDC. Non-symbiotic hemoglobins in the life of seeds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 87:7-15. [PMID: 23286879 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nsHbs), ancestors of symbiotic-Hbs, are hexacoordinated dimeric proteins, for which the crystal structure is well described. According to the extent of hexacoordination, nsHbs are classified as belonging to class-1 (nsHbs1) or class-2 (nsHbs2). The nsHbs1 show weak hexacoordination, moderate rates of O(2)-binding, very small rates of O(2) dissociation, and a remarkably high affinity for O(2), all suggesting a function involving O(2) scavenging. In contrast, the nsHbs2 exhibit strong hexacoordination, low rates of O(2)-binding and moderately low O(2) dissociation and affinity, suggesting a sensing role for sustained low (μM) levels of O(2). The existence of spatial and specific expression of nsHbs1 suggests that nsHbs play tissue-specific rather than housekeeping functions. The permeation of O(2) into seeds is usually prevented during the desiccation phase and early imbibition, generating an internal hypoxic environment that leads to ATP limitation. During evolution, the seed has acquired mechanisms to prevent or reduce this hypoxic stress. The nsHbs1/NO cycle appear to be involved in modulating the redox state in the seed and in maintaining an active metabolism. Under O(2) deficit, NADH and NO are synthesized in the seed and nsHbs1 scavenges O(2), which is used to transform NO into NO(3)(-) with concomitant formation of Fe(3+)-nsHbs1. Expression of nsHbs1 is not detectable in dry viable seeds. However, in the seeds cross-talk occurs between nsHbs1 and NO during germination. This review considers the current status of our knowledge of seed nsHbs and considers key issues of further work to better understand their role in seed physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel J Matilla
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Morzan UN, Capece L, Marti MA, Estrin DA. Quaternary structure effects on the hexacoordination equilibrium in rice hemoglobin rHb1: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2013; 81:863-73. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Gardner PR. Hemoglobin: a nitric-oxide dioxygenase. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:683729. [PMID: 24278729 PMCID: PMC3820574 DOI: 10.6064/2012/683729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Members of the hemoglobin superfamily efficiently catalyze nitric-oxide dioxygenation, and when paired with native electron donors, function as NO dioxygenases (NODs). Indeed, the NOD function has emerged as a more common and ancient function than the well-known role in O2 transport-storage. Novel hemoglobins possessing a NOD function continue to be discovered in diverse life forms. Unique hemoglobin structures evolved, in part, for catalysis with different electron donors. The mechanism of NOD catalysis by representative single domain hemoglobins and multidomain flavohemoglobin occurs through a multistep mechanism involving O2 migration to the heme pocket, O2 binding-reduction, NO migration, radical-radical coupling, O-atom rearrangement, nitrate release, and heme iron re-reduction. Unraveling the physiological functions of multiple NODs with varying expression in organisms and the complexity of NO as both a poison and signaling molecule remain grand challenges for the NO field. NOD knockout organisms and cells expressing recombinant NODs are helping to advance our understanding of NO actions in microbial infection, plant senescence, cancer, mitochondrial function, iron metabolism, and tissue O2 homeostasis. NOD inhibitors are being pursued for therapeutic applications as antibiotics and antitumor agents. Transgenic NOD-expressing plants, fish, algae, and microbes are being developed for agriculture, aquaculture, and industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Gardner
- Miami Valley Biotech, 1001 E. 2nd Street, Suite 2445, Dayton, OH 45402, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tiso M, Tejero J, Kenney C, Frizzell S, Gladwin MT. Nitrite reductase activity of nonsymbiotic hemoglobins from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemistry 2012; 51:5285-92. [PMID: 22620259 DOI: 10.1021/bi300570v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant nonsymbiotic hemoglobins possess hexacoordinate heme geometry similar to that of the heme protein neuroglobin. We recently discovered that deoxygenated neuroglobin converts nitrite to nitric oxide (NO), an important signaling molecule involved in many processes in plants. We sought to determine whether Arabidopsis thaliana nonsymbiotic hemoglobins classes 1 and 2 (AHb1 and AHb2, respectively) might function as nitrite reductases. We found that the reaction of nitrite with deoxygenated AHb1 and AHb2 generates NO gas and iron-nitrosyl-hemoglobin species. The bimolecular rate constants for reduction of nitrite to NO are 19.8 ± 3.2 and 4.9 ± 0.2 M(-1) s(-1), respectively, at pH 7.4 and 25 °C. We determined the pH dependence of these bimolecular rate constants and found a linear correlation with the concentration of protons, indicating the requirement for one proton in the reaction. The release of free NO gas during the reaction under anoxic and hypoxic (2% oxygen) conditions was confirmed by chemiluminescence detection. These results demonstrate that deoxygenated AHb1 and AHb2 reduce nitrite to form NO via a mechanism analogous to that observed for hemoglobin, myoglobin, and neuroglobin. Our findings suggest that during severe hypoxia and in the anaerobic plant roots, especially in species submerged in water, nonsymbiotic hemoglobins provide a viable pathway for NO generation via nitrite reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Tiso
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shi X, Wang X, Peng F, Zhao Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of a nonsymbiotic hemoglobin gene (GLB1) from Malus hupehensis Rehd. with heterologous expression in tomato. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8075-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
38
|
Hill RD. Non-symbiotic haemoglobins-What's happening beyond nitric oxide scavenging? AOB PLANTS 2012; 2012:pls004. [PMID: 22479675 PMCID: PMC3292739 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/pls004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-symbiotic haemoglobins have been an active research topic for over 30 years, during which time a considerable portfolio of knowledge has accumulated relative to their chemical and molecular properties, and their presence and mode of induction in plants. While progress has been made towards understanding their physiological role, there remain a number of unanswered questions with respect to their biological function. This review attempts to update recent progress in this area and to introduce a hypothesis as to how non-symbiotic haemoglobins might participate in regulating hormone signal transduction. PRINCIPAL RESULTS Advances have been made towards understanding the structural nuances that explain some of the differences in ligand association characteristics of class 1 and class 2 non-symbiotic haemoglobins. Non-symbiotic haemoglobins have been found to function in seed development and germination, flowering, root development and differentiation, abiotic stress responses, pathogen invasion and symbiotic bacterial associations. Microarray analyses under various stress conditions yield uneven results relative to non-symbiotic haemoglobin expression. Increasing evidence of the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hormone responses and the known involvement of non-symbiotic haemoglobins in scavenging NO provide opportunities for fruitful research, particularly at the cellular level. CONCLUSIONS Circumstantial evidence suggests that non-symbiotic haemoglobins may have a critical function in the signal transduction pathways of auxin, ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and abscisic acid. There is a strong need for research on haemoglobin gene expression at the cellular level relative to hormone signal transduction.
Collapse
|
39
|
Sturms R, DiSpirito AA, Fulton DB, Hargrove MS. Hydroxylamine Reduction to Ammonium by Plant and Cyanobacterial Hemoglobins. Biochemistry 2011; 50:10829-35. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sturms
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics, and Molecular
Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
50011, United States
| | - Alan A. DiSpirito
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics, and Molecular
Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
50011, United States
| | - D. Bruce Fulton
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics, and Molecular
Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
50011, United States
| | - Mark S. Hargrove
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics, and Molecular
Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gupta KJ, Hebelstrup KH, Mur LAJ, Igamberdiev AU. Plant hemoglobins: important players at the crossroads between oxygen and nitric oxide. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3843-9. [PMID: 22036787 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant hemoglobins constitute a diverse group of hemeproteins and evolutionarily belong to three different classes. Class 1 hemoglobins possess an extremely high affinity to oxygen and their main function consists in scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) at very low oxygen levels. Class 2 hemoglobins have a lower oxygen affinity and they facilitate oxygen supply to developing tissues. Symbiotic hemoglobins in nodules have mostly evolved from class 2 hemoglobins. Class 3 hemoglobins are truncated and represent a clade with a very low similarity to class 1 and 2 hemoglobins. They may regulate oxygen delivery at high O(2) concentrations. Depending on their physical properties, hemoglobins belong either to hexacoordinate non-symbiotic or pentacoordinate symbiotic groups. Plant hemoglobins are plausible targets for improving resistance to multiple stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapuganti J Gupta
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Trevisan S, Manoli A, Begheldo M, Nonis A, Enna M, Vaccaro S, Caporale G, Ruperti B, Quaggiotti S. Transcriptome analysis reveals coordinated spatiotemporal regulation of hemoglobin and nitrate reductase in response to nitrate in maize roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:338-52. [PMID: 21762167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of nitrogen for plant growth and the environmental costs of intense fertilization, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the root adaptation to nitrogen fluctuations is a primary goal for the development of biotechnological tools for sustainable agriculture. This research aimed to identify the molecular factors involved in the response of maize roots to nitrate. cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism was exploited for comprehensive transcript profiling of maize (Zea mays) seedling roots grown with varied nitrate availabilities; 336 primer combinations were tested and 661 differentially regulated transcripts were identified. The expression of selected genes was studied in depth through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Over 50% of the genes identified responded to prolonged nitrate starvation and a few were identified as putatively involved in the early nitrate signaling mechanisms. Real-time results and in situ localization analyses demonstrated co-regulated transcriptional patterns in root epidermal cells for genes putatively involved in nitric oxide synthesis/scavenging. Our findings, in addition to strengthening already known mechanisms, revealed the existence of a new complex signaling framework in which brassinosteroids (BRI1), the module MKK2-MAPK6 and the fine regulation of nitric oxide homeostasis via the co-expression of synthetic (nitrate reductase) and scavenging (hemoglobin) components may play key functions in maize responses to nitrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Trevisan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang Y, Elhiti M, Hebelstrup KH, Hill RD, Stasolla C. Manipulation of hemoglobin expression affects Arabidopsis shoot organogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:1108-1116. [PMID: 21741261 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years non-symbiotic plant hemoglobins have been described in a variety of plant species where they fulfill several functions ranging from detoxification processes to basic aspects of plant growth and post-embryonic development. To date no information is available on the role of hemoglobins during in vitro morphogenesis. Shoot organogenesis was induced in Arabidopsis lines constitutively expressing class 1, 2 and 3 hemoglobins (GLB1, 2 and 3) and lines in which the respective genes were either downregulated by RNAi (GLB1) or knocked out (GLB2 and GLB3). The process was executed by culturing root explants on an initial auxin-rich callus induction medium (CIM) followed by a transfer onto a cytokinin-containing shoot induction medium (SIM). While the repression of GLB2 inhibited organogenesis the over-expression of GLB1 or GLB2 enhanced the number of shoots produced in culture, and altered the transcript levels of genes participating in cytokinin perception and signalling. The up-regulation of GLB1 or GLB2 activated CKI1 and AHK3, genes encoding cytokinin receptors and affected the transcript levels of cytokinin responsive regulators (ARRs). The expression of Type-A ARRs (ARR4, 5, 7, 15, and 16), feed-back repressors of the cytokinin pathway, was repressed in both hemoglobin over-expressors whereas that of several Type-B ARRs (ARR2, 12, and 13), transcription activators of cytokinin-responsive genes, was induced. Such changes enhanced the sensitivity of the root explants to cytokinin allowing the 35S::GLB1 and 35S::GLB2 lines to produce shoots at low cytokinin concentrations which did not promote organogenesis in the WT line. These results show that manipulation of hemoglobin can modify shoot organogenesis in Arabidopsis and possibly in those systems partially or completely unresponsive to applications of exogenous cytokinins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sturms R, DiSpirito AA, Hargrove MS. Plant and Cyanobacterial Hemoglobins Reduce Nitrite to Nitric Oxide under Anoxic Conditions. Biochemistry 2011; 50:3873-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bi2004312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sturms
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Alan A. DiSpirito
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Mark S. Hargrove
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bustos-Sanmamed P, Tovar-Méndez A, Crespi M, Sato S, Tabata S, Becana M. Regulation of nonsymbiotic and truncated hemoglobin genes of Lotus japonicus in plant organs and in response to nitric oxide and hormones. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 189:765-776. [PMID: 21073469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
• In legumes, symbiotic leghemoglobins facilitate oxygen diffusion to the bacteroids, but the roles of nonsymbiotic and truncated hemoglobins are largely unknown. Here the five hemoglobin genes of Lotus japonicus have been functionally characterized to gain insight into their regulatory mechanisms. • Plants were exposed to nitric oxide donors, stressful conditions, and hormones. Gene expression profiling was determined by quantitative PCR, and gene activities were localized using in situ hybridization and promoter-reporter gene fusions. • The LjGLB1-1, LjGLB2, and LjGLB3-1 mRNA expression levels were very high in nodules relative to other plant organs. The expression of these genes was localized in the vascular bundles, cortex, and infected tissue. LjGLB1-1 was the only gene induced by nitric oxide. Cytokinins caused nearly complete inactivation of LjGLB2 and LjGLB3-1 in nodules and induction of LjGLB1-1 in roots. Abscisic acid induced LjGLB1-1 in nodules and LjGLB1-2 and LjGLB2 in roots, whereas polyamines and jasmonic acid induced LjGLB1-1 only in roots. • The enhanced expression of the three types of hemoglobins in nodules, the colocalization of gene activities in nodule and root tissues with high metabolic rates, and their distinct regulatory mechanisms point out complementary roles of hemoglobins and strongly support the hypothesis that LjGLB1-1, LjGLB2, and LjGLB3-1 are required for symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Bustos-Sanmamed
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Tovar-Méndez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrase, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Shusei Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tabata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schinko T, Berger H, Lee W, Gallmetzer A, Pirker K, Pachlinger R, Buchner I, Reichenauer T, Güldener U, Strauss J. Transcriptome analysis of nitrate assimilation in Aspergillus nidulans reveals connections to nitric oxide metabolism. Mol Microbiol 2010; 78:720-38. [PMID: 20969648 PMCID: PMC3020322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is a dominant form of inorganic nitrogen (N) in soils and can be efficiently assimilated by bacteria, fungi and plants. We studied here the transcriptome of the short-term nitrate response using assimilating and non-assimilating strains of the model ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans. Among the 72 genes positively responding to nitrate, only 18 genes carry binding sites for the pathway-specific activator NirA. Forty-five genes were repressed by nitrate metabolism. Because nirA(-) strains are N-starved at nitrate induction conditions, we also compared the nitrate transcriptome with N-deprived conditions and found a partial overlap of differentially regulated genes between these conditions. Nitric oxide (NO)-metabolizing flavohaemoglobins were found to be co-regulated with nitrate assimilatory genes. Subsequent molecular characterization revealed that the strongly inducible FhbA is required for full activity of nitrate and nitrite reductase enzymes. The co-regulation of NO-detoxifying and nitrate/nitrite assimilating systems may represent a conserved mechanism, which serves to neutralize nitrosative stress imposed by an external NO source in saprophytic and pathogenic fungi. Our analysis using membrane-permeable NO donors suggests that signalling for NirA activation only indirectly depends on the nitrate transporters NrtA (CrnA) and NrtB (CrnB).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schinko
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Austrian Institute of Technology and BOKU University ViennaMuthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Berger
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Austrian Institute of Technology and BOKU University ViennaMuthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wanseon Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gallmetzer
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Austrian Institute of Technology and BOKU University ViennaMuthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Robert Pachlinger
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Austrian Institute of Technology and BOKU University ViennaMuthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Buchner
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Austrian Institute of Technology and BOKU University ViennaMuthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ulrich Güldener
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Austrian Institute of Technology and BOKU University ViennaMuthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Plessl M, Rigola D, Hassinen VH, Tervahauta A, Kärenlampi S, Schat H, Aarts MGM, Ernst D. Comparison of two ecotypes of the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (J. & C. PRESL) at the transcriptional level. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 239:81-93. [PMID: 19937357 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates differences in gene expression among the two Thlaspi caerulescens ecotypes La Calamine (LC) and Lellingen (LE) that have been shown to differ in metal tolerance and metal uptake. LC originates from a metalliferous soil and tolerates higher metal concentrations than LE which originates from a non-metalliferous soil. The two ecotypes were treated with different levels of zinc in solution culture, and differences in gene expression were assessed through application of a cDNA microarray consisting of 1,700 root and 2,700 shoot cDNAs. Hybridisation of root and shoot cDNA from the two ecotypes revealed a total of 257 differentially expressed genes. The regulation of selected genes was verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Comparison of the expression profiles of the two ecotypes suggests that LC has a higher capacity to cope with reactive oxygen species and to avoid the formation of peroxynitrite. Furthermore, increased transcripts for the genes encoding for water channel proteins could explain the higher Zn tolerance of LC compared to LE. The higher Zn tolerance of LC was reflected by a lower expression of the genes involved in disease and defence mechanisms. The results of this study provide a valuable set of data that may help to improve our understanding of the mechanisms employed by plants to tolerate toxic concentrations of metal in the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Plessl
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Violante-Mota F, Tellechea E, Moran JF, Sarath G, Arredondo-Peter R. Analysis of peroxidase activity of rice (Oryza sativa) recombinant hemoglobin 1: implications for in vivo function of hexacoordinate non-symbiotic hemoglobins in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:21-26. [PMID: 19833360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In plants, it has been proposed that hexacoordinate (class 1) non-symbiotic Hbs (nsHb-1) function in vivo as peroxidases. However, little is known about peroxidase activity of nsHb-1. We evaluated the peroxidase activity of rice recombinant Hb1 (a nsHb-1) by using the guaiacol/H2O2 system at pH 6.0 and compared it to that from horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Results showed that the affinity of rice Hb1 for H2O2 was 86-times lower than that of HRP (K(m)=23.3 and 0.27 mM, respectively) and that the catalytic efficiency of rice Hb1 for the oxidation of guaiacol using H2O2 as electron donor was 2838-times lower than that of HRP (k(cat)/K(m)=15.8 and 44,833 mM(-1) min(-1), respectively). Also, results from this work showed that rice Hb1 is not chemically modified and binds CO after incubation with high H2O2 concentration, and that it poorly protects recombinant Escherichia coli from H2O2 stress. These observations indicate that rice Hb1 inefficiently scavenges H2O2 as compared to a typical plant peroxidase, thus indicating that non-symbiotic Hbs are unlikely to function as peroxidases in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Violante-Mota
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Dordas C. Nonsymbiotic hemoglobins and stress tolerance in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 176:433-40. [PMID: 26493132 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobins (Hbs) are heme containing proteins found in most organisms including animals, bacteria, and plants. Their structure, size, and function are quite diverse among the different organisms. There are three different types of hemoglobins in plants: symbiotic (sHb), nonsymbiotic (nsHb), and truncated hemoglobins (trHb). The nonsymbiotic hemoglobins are divided into: class 1 hemoglobins (nsHb-1s), which have a very high affinity for oxygen: and class 2 hemoglobins (nsHb-2s), which have lower affinity for oxygen, are similar to the sHbs. nsHb-1s are expressed under hypoxia, osmotic stress, nutrient deprivation, cold stress, rhizobial infection, nitric oxide exposure, and fungal infection. Tolerance to stress is very important for the survival of the plant. Hemoglobins are one of many different strategies that plants have evolved to overcome stress conditions and survive. Hbs also react with NO produced under different stress conditions. Class 1 nsHbs are involved in a metabolic pathway involving NO. Those hemoglobins provide an alternative type of respiration to mitochondrial electron transport under limiting oxygen concentrations. Class 1 nsHbs in hypoxic plants act as part of a soluble, terminal, NO dioxygenase system, yielding nitrate from the reaction of oxyHb with NO. The overall reaction sequence, referred to as the nsHb/NO cycle, consumes NADH and maintains ATP levels via an as yet unknown mechanism. Class 2 nsHbs seem to scavenge NO in a similar fashion as class 1 Hbs and are involved in reducing flowering time in Arabidopsis. nsHbs also show peroxidase-like activity and NO metabolism and possibly protect against nitrosative stress in plant-pathogen interaction and in symbiotic interactions. nsHbs may be involved in other stress conditions such as osmotic, nutrient and cold stress together with NO and the function of nsHbs can be in NO metabolism and signal transduction. However, other possible functions cannot be precluded as Hbs have many different functions in other organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Dordas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Agronomy, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jokipii-Lukkari S, Frey AD, Kallio PT, Häggman H. Intrinsic non-symbiotic and truncated haemoglobins and heterologous Vitreoscilla haemoglobin expression in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:409-422. [PMID: 19129158 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To date, haemoglobins (Hbs) have been shown to exist in all kingdoms of life. The least studied and understood groups are plant non-symbiotic haemoglobins (nsHbs) and the recently found plant truncated Hbs (trHbs). From a biotechnological point of view, the best characterized and almost exclusively applied Hb is the bacterial Vitreoscilla haemoglobin (VHb). In this review, the present state of knowledge of structural features and ligand binding kinetics of plant nsHbs and trHbs and their proposed roles as oxygen carriers, oxygen sensors, and for oxygen storage, in nitric oxide (NO) detoxification, and in peroxidase activity are described. Furthermore, in order to predict the functioning of plant Hbs, their characteristics will be compared with those of the better known bacterial globins. In this context, the effects of heterologous applications of VHb on plants are reviewed. Finally, the challenging future of plant Hb research is discussed.
Collapse
|