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Jan R, Asif S, Asaf S, Lubna, Khan Z, Khan W, Kim KM. Gamma-aminobutyric acid treatment promotes resistance against Sogatella furcifera in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1419999. [PMID: 39091314 PMCID: PMC11291254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1419999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is a white-backed planthopper (WBPH) that causes "hopper burn" in rice, resulting in severe yield loss. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a well-known neurotransmitter that inhibits neurotransmission in insects by binding to specific receptors. In this study, we investigated the potential role of GABA in modulating rice resistance to WBPH and evaluated possible defense mechanisms. The experiment was conducted in green house in pots consist of four groups: control, GABA-treated, WBPH-infested, and WBPH-infested treated with GABA. Among the various tested concentration of GABA, 15 mM GABA was applied as a single treatment in water. The treatment was administered one week before WBPH infestation. The results revealed that 15 mM GABA treatment strongly increased WBPH resistance. A plate-based assay indicated that direct application of 15 mM GABA increased the mortality rate of WBPH and increased the damage recovery rate in rice plants. We found that GABA treatment increased the activation of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the reactive oxygen species content and malondialdehyde contents, and reduced the damage rate caused by WBPH. Interestingly, GABA-supplemented plants infested with WBPH exhibited increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes expression levels. GABA induced the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) and enhanced the stomata closure and reduced leaf vessels to reduce water conductance during WBPH stress. Furthermore, we found that GABA application to the plant induced the expression of Jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes (LOX, AOS, AOC, and OPR) and melatonin biosynthesis-related genes (TDC, T5H, ASMT, and SNAT). Our study suggested that GABA increases resistance against WBPH infestation by regulating antioxidant defense system, TCA cycle regulation, phytohormonal signaling, and PR gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lubna
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Zakirullah Khan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Waleed Khan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Yadav P, Ansari MW, Kaula BC, Rao YR, Meselmani MA, Siddiqui ZH, Brajendra, Kumar SB, Rani V, Sarkar A, Rakwal R, Gill SS, Tuteja N. Regulation of ethylene metabolism in tomato under salinity stress involving linkages with important physiological signaling pathways. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111736. [PMID: 37211221 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The tomato is well-known for its anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties, and with a wide range of health benefits is an important cash crop for human well-being. However, environmental stresses (especially abiotic) are having a deleterious effect on plant growth and productivity, including tomato. In this review, authors describe how salinity stress imposes risk consequences on growth and developmental processes of tomato through toxicity by ethylene (ET) and cyanide (HCN), and ionic, oxidative, and osmotic stresses. Recent research has clarified how salinity stress induced-ACS and - β-CAS expressions stimulate the accumulation of ET and HCN, wherein the action of salicylic acid (SA),compatible solutes (CSs), polyamines (PAs) and ET inhibitors (ETIs) regulate ET and HCN metabolism. Here we emphasize how ET, SA and PA cooperates with mitochondrial alternating oxidase (AOX), salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathways and the antioxidants (ANTOX) system to better understand the salinity stress resistance mechanism. The current literature evaluated in this paper provides an overview of salinity stress resistance mechanism involving synchronized routes of ET metabolism by SA and PAs, connecting regulated network of central physiological processes governing through the action of AOX, β-CAS, SOS and ANTOX pathways, which might be crucial for the development of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Wahid Ansari
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Babeeta C Kaula
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Yalaga Rama Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Moaed Al Meselmani
- School of Biosciences, Alfred Denny Building, Grantham Centre, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, UK
| | | | - Brajendra
- Division of Soil Science, ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Kumar
- Department of Soil Science, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varsha Rani
- Department of Crop Physiology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Department of Botany, University of GourBanga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Chatzigianni M, Savvas D, Papadopoulou EA, Aliferis KA, Ntatsi G. Combined Effect of Salt Stress and Nitrogen Level on the Primary Metabolism of Two Contrasting Hydroponically Grown Cichorium spinosum L. Ecotypes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040607. [PMID: 37189356 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stamnagathi (Cichorium spinosum L.) is an indigenous plant species well-known for its health-promoting properties. Salinity is a long-term issue with devastating consequences on land and farmers. Nitrogen (N) constitutes a crucial element for plant growth and development (chlorophyll, primary metabolites, etc.). Thus, it is of paramount importance to investigate the impact of salinity and N supply on plants’ metabolism. Within this context, a study was conducted aiming to assess the impact of salinity and N stress on the primary metabolism of two contrasting ecotypes of stamnagathi (montane and seaside). Both ecotypes were exposed to three different salinity levels (0.3 mM—non-saline treatment, 20 mM—medium, and 40 mM—high salinity level) combined with two different total-N supply levels: a low-N at 4 mM and a high-N at 16 mM, respectively. The differences between the two ecotypes revealed the variable responses of the plant under the applied treatments. Fluctuations were observed at the level of TCA cycle intermediates (fumarate, malate, and succinate) of the montane ecotype, while the seaside ecotype was not affected. In addition, the results showed that proline (Pro) levels increased in both ecotypes grown under a low N-supply and high salt stress, while other osmoprotectant metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) exhibited variable responses under the different N supply levels. Fatty acids such as α-linolenate and linoleate also displayed variable fluctuations following plant treatments. The carbohydrate content of the plants, as indicated by the levels of glucose, fructose, α,α-trehalose, and myo-inositol, was significantly affected by the applied treatments. These findings suggest that the different adaptation mechanisms among the two contrasting ecotypes could be strongly correlated with the observed changes in their primary metabolism. This study also suggests that the seaside ecotype may have developed unique adaptation mechanisms to cope with high N supply and salinity stress, making it a promising candidate for future breeding programs aimed at developing stress tolerant varieties of C. spinosum L.
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Liu H, Li Y, Peng T, Xue S. Transmembrane potential, an indicator in situ reporting cellular senescence and stress response in plant tissues. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:27. [PMID: 36945027 PMCID: PMC10029184 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cells usually sustain a stable membrane potential due to influx and/or efflux of charged ions across plasma membrane. With the growth and development of plants, different tissues and cells undergo systemic or local programmed decline. Whether the membrane potential of plasma membrane could report senescence signal of plant tissues and cells is unclear. RESULTS We applied a maneuverable transmembrane potential (TMP) detection method with patch-clamp setup to examine the senescence signal of leaf tissue cells in situ over the whole life cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana. The data showed that the TMPs of plant tissues and cells were varied at different growth stages, and the change of TMP was higher at the vegetative growth stage than at the reproductive stage of plant growth. The distinct change of TMP was detectable between the normal and the senescent tissues and cells in several plant species. Moreover, diverse abiotic stimuli, such as heat stress, hyperpolarized the TMP in a short time, followed by depolarized membrane potential with the senescence occurring. We further examined the TMP of plant chloroplasts, which also indicates the senescence signal in organelles. CONCLUSIONS This convenient TMP detection method can report the senescence signal of plant tissues and cells, and can also indicate the potential of plant tolerance to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shaowu Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Zhang J, Cheng K, Ma B, Zhang W, Zheng L, Wang Y. CaCl 2 promotes the cross adaptation of Reaumuria trigyna to salt and drought by regulating Na +, ROS accumulation and programmed cell death. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:214-227. [PMID: 36641945 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reaumuria trigyna, a salt-secreting xerophytic shrub endemic to arid desert regions of northwest China, is extremely adaptable to salt and aridity. In this study, we used PEG to simulates drought stress and investigated the effect of NaCl and CaCl2 on R. trigyna seedlings exposed to drought stress. Exogenous application moderate NaCl and CaCl2 were found to stimulate the growth and alleviate drought stress in R. trigyna seedlings. Moderate NaCl and CaCl2 combined treatment increased fresh weight and decreased electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in R. trigyna seedlings under drought stress. Simultaneously, leaf senescence and root damage induced by drought stress were alleviated, with programmed cell death (PCD) related genes expression down-regulated. Among them, the application of CaCl2 under drought and salt treatment is the most effective way to increase osmotic regulators content, antioxidant enzymes activities, and related genes expressions of plants under drought stress, which scavenged excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviated oxidative damage caused by drought stress. Meanwhile, CaCl2 can reduce the content of Na+and the ratio of Na+/K+ by promoting the outflow of Na+ and inflow of Ca2+, as well as the expression of ion transporter gene, and reduce the ionic toxicity caused by drought and salt cross adaptation. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the relevant beneficial indicators were positively correlated with the combined treatment. These results indicated that moderate NaCl can positively regulates defense response to drought stress in R. trigyna, while CaCl2 can significantly promote this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bingjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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Xu T, Meng S, Zhu X, Di J, Zhu Y, Yang X, Yan W. Integrated GWAS and transcriptomic analysis reveal the candidate salt-responding genes regulating Na +/K + balance in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1004477. [PMID: 36777542 PMCID: PMC9910287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the main abiotic stresses affecting crop yield and quality. Barley has strong salt tolerance, however, the underlying genetic basis is not fully clear, especially in the seedling stage. This study examined the ionic changes in barley core germplasms under the control and salt conditions. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis revealed 54 significant SNPs from a pool of 25,342 SNPs distributed in 7 chromosomes (Chr) of the Illumina Barley 50K SNP array. These SNPs are associated with ion homeostasis traits, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) content, and Na+/K+ ratio representing five genomic regions on Chr 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 in the leaves of worldwide barley accessions. And there are 3 SNP peaks located on the Chr 4, 6, and 7, which could be the "hot spots" regions for mining and identifying candidate genes for salt tolerance. Furthermore, 616 unique candidate genes were screened surrounding the significant SNPs, which are associated with transport proteins, protein kinases, binding proteins, and other proteins of unknown function. Meanwhile, transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq) was carried out to compare the salt-tolerant (CM72) and salt-sensitive (Gairdner) genotypes subjected to salt stress. And there was a greater accumulation of differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in Gairdner compared to CM72, mainly enriched in metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, signal transduction,emphasizing the different transcriptional response in both genotypes following salt exposure. Combined GWAS and RNA-Seq analysis revealed 5 promising salt-responding genes (PGK2, BASS3, SINAT2, AQP, and SYT3) from the hot spot regions, which were verified between the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties by qRT-PCR. In all, these results provide candidate SNPs and genes responsible for salinity responding in barley, and a new idea for studying such genetic basis in similar crops.
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7
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Graus D, Li K, Rathje JM, Ding M, Krischke M, Müller MJ, Cuin TA, Al-Rasheid KAS, Scherzer S, Marten I, Konrad KR, Hedrich R. Tobacco leaf tissue rapidly detoxifies direct salt loads without activation of calcium and SOS signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:217-231. [PMID: 36128659 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress, responsible for declining agricultural productivity. Roots are regarded as hubs for salt detoxification, however, leaf salt concentrations may exceed those of roots. How mature leaves manage acute sodium chloride (NaCl) stress is mostly unknown. To analyze the mechanisms for NaCl redistribution in leaves, salt was infiltrated into intact tobacco leaves. It initiated pronounced osmotically-driven leaf movements. Leaf downward movement caused by hydro-passive turgor loss reached a maximum within 2 h. Salt-driven cellular water release was accompanied by a transient change in membrane depolarization but not an increase in cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+ ) level. Nonetheless, only half an hour later, the leaves had completely regained turgor. This recovery phase was characterized by an increase in mesophyll cell plasma membrane hydrogen ion (H+ ) pumping, a salt uptake-dependent cytosolic alkalization, and a return of the apoplast osmolality to pre-stress levels. Although, transcript numbers of abscisic acid- and Salt Overly Sensitive pathway elements remained unchanged, salt adaptation depended on the vacuolar H+ /Na+ -exchanger NHX1. Altogether, tobacco leaves can detoxify sodium ions (Na+ ) rapidly even under massive salt loads, based on pre-established posttranslational settings and NHX1 cation/H+ antiport activity. Unlike roots, signaling and processing of salt stress in tobacco leaves does not depend on Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Graus
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kunkun Li
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan M Rathje
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meiqi Ding
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Müller
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., 7005, Australia
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Irene Marten
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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Validation of a QTL on Chromosome 1DS Showing a Major Effect on Salt Tolerance in Winter Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213745. [PMID: 36430224 PMCID: PMC9691212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one the most destructive abiotic stressors, causing yield losses in wheat worldwide. A prerequisite for improving salt tolerance is the identification of traits for screening genotypes and uncovering causative genes. Two populations of F3 lines developed from crosses between sensitive and tolerant parents were tested for salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Based on their response, the offspring were classified as salt sensitive and tolerant. Under saline conditions, tolerant genotypes showed lower Na+ and proline content but higher K+, higher chlorophyll content, higher K+/Na+ ratio, higher PSII activity levels, and higher photochemical efficiency, and were selected for further molecular analysis. Five stress responsive QTL identified in a previous study were validated in the populations. A QTL on the short arm of chromosome 1D showed large allelic effects in several salt tolerant related traits. An expression analysis of associated candidate genes showed that TraesCS1D02G052200 and TraesCS5B02G368800 had the highest expression in most tissues. Furthermore, qRT-PCR expression analysis revealed that ZIP-7 had higher differential expressions under saline conditions compared to KefC, AtABC8 and 6-SFT. This study provides information on the genetic and molecular basis of salt tolerance that could be useful in development of salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
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Krishna B A, Zwijnenberg HJ, Lindhoud S, de Vos WM. Sustainable K+/Na+ monovalent-selective membranes with hot-pressed PSS-PVA saloplastics. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Characterization of Differentially Expressed Genes under Salt Stress in Olive. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010154. [PMID: 35008580 PMCID: PMC8745295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change, currently taking place worldwide and also in the Mediterranean area, is leading to a reduction in water availability and to groundwater salinization. Olive represents one of the most efficient tree crops to face these scenarios, thanks to its natural ability to tolerate moderate salinity and drought. In the present work, four olive cultivars (Koroneiki, Picual, Royal de Cazorla and Fadak86) were exposed to high salt stress conditions (200 mM of NaCl) in greenhouse, in order to evaluate their tolerance level and to identify key genes involved in salt stress response. Molecular and physiological parameters, as well as plant growth and leaves’ ions Na+ and K+ content were measured. Results of the physiological measurements showed Royal de Cazorla as the most tolerant cultivar, and Fadak86 and Picual as the most susceptible ones. Ten candidate genes were analyzed and their complete genomic, CDS and protein sequences were identified. The expression analysis of their transcripts through reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) demonstrated that only OeNHX7, OeP5CS, OeRD19A and OePetD were upregulated in tolerant cultivars, thus suggesting their key role in the activation of a salt tolerance mechanism.
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11
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Rai N, Rai SP, Sarma BK. Prospects for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops Utilizing Phyto- and Bio-Stimulants. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.754853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors such as salinity, drought, high temperature, high rainfall, etc. have already demonstrated the negative impacts on plant growth and development and thereby limiting productivity of the crops. Therefore, in the time to come, more sustainable efforts are required in agricultural practices to ensure food production and security under such adverse environmental conditions. A most promising and eco-friendly way to achieve this goal would be to apply biostimulants to address the environmental concerns. Non-microbial biostimulants such as humic substances (HA), protein hydrolysate, plant-based products and seaweed extracts (SWE), etc. and/or microbial inoculants comprising of plant growth-promoting microbes such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), fluorescent and non-fluorescent Pseudomonas, Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp. etc. have tremendous potentiality to enhance plant growth, flowering, crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and translocation, as well as enhancing tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses by modifying physiological, biological and biochemical processes of the crop-plants. Similarly, application techniques and timing are also important to achieve the desired results. In this article we discussed the prospects of using seaweed, microbial, and plant-based biostimulants either individually or in combination for managing environmental stresses to achieve food security in a sustainable way. Particular attention was given to the modifications that take place in plant's physiology under adverse environmental conditions and how different biostimulants re-program the host's physiology to withstand such stresses. Additionally, we also discussed how application of biostimulants can overcome the issue of nutrient deficiency in agricultural lands and improve their use efficiency by crop plants.
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Zhang R, Wang N, Li S, Wang Y, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Egrinya Eneji A, Zhang M, Wang B, Duan L, Li F, Tian X, Li Z. Gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor mepiquat chloride enhances root K+ uptake in cotton by modulating plasma membrane H+-ATPase. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6659-6671. [PMID: 34161578 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potassium deficiency causes severe losses in yield and quality in crops. Mepiquat chloride, a plant growth regulator, can increase K+ uptake in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), but the underlying physiological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used a non-invasive micro-test technique to measure K+ and H+ fluxes in the root apex with or without inhibitors of K+ channels, K+ transporters, non-selective cation channels, and plasma membrane H+-ATPases. We found that soaking seeds in mepiquat chloride solution increased the K+ influx mediated by K+ channels and reduced the K+ efflux mediated by non-selective cation channels in cotton seedlings. Mepiquat chloride also increased negative membrane potential (Em) and the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPases in roots, due to higher levels of gene expression and protein accumulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases as well as phosphorylation of H+-ATPase 11 (GhAHA11). Thus, plasma membrane hyperpolarization mediated by H+-ATPases was able to stimulate the activity of K+ channels in roots treated with mepiquat chloride. In addition, reduced K+ efflux under mepiquat chloride treatment was associated with reduced accumulation of H2O2 in roots. Our results provide important insights into the mechanisms of mepiquat chloride-induced K+ uptake in cotton and hence have the potential to help in improving K nutrition for enhancing cotton production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - A Egrinya Eneji
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, 540271, Nigeria
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Hameed A, Ahmed MZ, Hussain T, Aziz I, Ahmad N, Gul B, Nielsen BL. Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function. Cells 2021; 10:2023. [PMID: 34440792 PMCID: PMC8395010 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Irfan Aziz
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Szparaga A, Kocira S, Findura P, Kapusta I, Zaguła G, Świeca M. Uncovering the multi-level response of Glycine max L. to the application of allelopathic biostimulant from Levisticum officinale Koch. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15360. [PMID: 34321544 PMCID: PMC8319131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest expressed by the agriculture in the category of innovative biostimulants is due to the intensive search for natural preparations. Our study is the first ever to report a complex approach to the use of allelopathic extracts from Levisticum officinale Koch. roots in soybean cultivation, includes analyses of morphological observations, and analyses of biochemical indicators. Hot method of aqueous extraction was applied. The extracts were administered via foliar application and soil treatment. Lovage extracts had high contents of polyphenolic compounds and rich micro- and macroelemental composition. The infusions did not contain gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid but the abscisic acid and saccharose, glucose, and fructose were found. The extracts modified soybean plant physiology, as manifested by changes in biometric traits. Plants responded positively by increased yield. Seeds from the treated plants had higher contents of micro- and macroelements, as well as total concentrations of lipids (with a slight decrease in protein content). In addition, they featured changes in their amino acid profile and fatty acid composition. The application of allelopathic biostimulant caused increased concentrations of isoflavones and saponins. The natural biostimulants from Levisticum officinale may become a valuable tool in the sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szparaga
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-620, Koszalin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kocira
- Department of Machinery Exploitation and Management of Production Processes, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Pavol Findura
- Department of Machines and Production Biosystems, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, 949 76, Slovakia
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Science, University of Rzeszow, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zaguła
- Department of Bioenergetics and Food Analysis, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
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Hamani AKM, Chen J, Soothar MK, Wang G, Shen X, Gao Y, Qiu R. Application of Exogenous Protectants Mitigates Salt-Induced Na + Toxicity and Sustains Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedling Growth: Comparison of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:380. [PMID: 33671193 PMCID: PMC7923183 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinization adversely affects agricultural productivity. Mitigating the adverse effects of salinity represents a current major challenge for agricultural researchers worldwide. The effects of exogenously applied glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on mitigating sodium toxicity and improving the growth of cotton seedlings subjected to salt stress remain unclear. The treatments in a phytotron included a control (CK, exogenously untreated, non-saline), two NaCl conditions (0 and 150 mM), four exogenous GB concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mM), and four exogenous SA concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM). The shoot and roots exposed to 150 mM NaCl without supplementation had significantly higher Na+ and reduced K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents, along with lowered biomass, compared with those of CK. Under NaCl stress, exogenous GB and SA at all concentrations substantially inversed these trends by improving ion uptake regulation and biomass accumulation compared with NaCl stress alone. Supplementation with 5.0 mM GB and with 1.0 mM SA under NaCl stress were the most effective conditions for mitigating Na+ toxicity and enhancing biomass accumulation. NaCl stress had a negative effect on plant growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area, leaf water potential, and total nitrogen (N) in the shoot and roots, which were improved by supplementation with 5.0 mM GB or 1.0 mM SA. Supplementation with 5.0 mM exogenous GB was more effective in controlling the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) under NaCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China; (A.K.M.H.); (J.C.); (M.K.S.); (G.W.); (X.S.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinsai Chen
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China; (A.K.M.H.); (J.C.); (M.K.S.); (G.W.); (X.S.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Soothar
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China; (A.K.M.H.); (J.C.); (M.K.S.); (G.W.); (X.S.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangshuai Wang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China; (A.K.M.H.); (J.C.); (M.K.S.); (G.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China; (A.K.M.H.); (J.C.); (M.K.S.); (G.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Yang Gao
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China; (A.K.M.H.); (J.C.); (M.K.S.); (G.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Ranjian Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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16
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Zhang H, Huo Y, Xu Z, Guo K, Wang Y, Zhang X, Xu N, Sun G. Physiological and proteomics responses of nitrogen assimilation and glutamine/glutamine family of amino acids metabolism in mulberry ( Morus alba L.) leaves to NaCl and NaHCO 3 stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1798108. [PMID: 32729371 PMCID: PMC8550533 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1798108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to find out the response mechanism of nitrogen assimilation and glutamine/glutamine family of amino acids metabolism in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves under NaCl and NaHCO3 stress, and to reveal its role in salt alkali adaptation. The effects of the nitrogen metabolism of mulberry leaves were studied under 100 mmol L-1 NaCl and NaHCO3 stress.The results showed that the activity of NR and the content of TN and SP did not change significantly, the expression of NiR, Fd-NiR, Fd-NiR gene and theactivity of NiR increased significantly under NaCl stress, but nitrogen assimilation was inhibited under NaHCO3 stress. NaCl stress had no significant effect on the expression and activity of GS and GOGAT in mulberry leaves. Under NaHCO3 stress, the expression of Fd-GOGAT, Fd-GOGAT2, Fd-GOGAT gene, and the activity of GS and GOGAT were significantly decreased. NaCl stress can promote the accumulation of Pro, Put and Spd in mulberry leaves. The accumulation of Pro under NaHCO3 stress is greater than that under NaCl stress. NaCl stress also induced the up-regulation of GAD, GAD1 and GAD1 gene expression, so promoting the synthesis of GABA may be an adaptive mechanism for mulberry to cope with NaCl stress, but the expression of GAD did not change significantly and GAD gene expression lower than CK under NaHCO3 stress. Although both NaCl and NaHCO3 stress could promote the synthesis of GSH by up-regulation of GCLM expression, GSH under NaHCO3 stress was significantly higher than that under NaCl stress, the content of H2O2 was still significantly higher than that of NaCl stress, that means GSH may not play a key role in alleviating the oxidative damage in mulberry leaves caused by salt and alkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, NortheastAgriculturalUniversity, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuze Huo
- College of Resources and Environment, NortheastAgriculturalUniversity, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zisong Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, NortheastAgriculturalUniversity, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kaiwen Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, NortheastAgriculturalUniversity, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Department of Research and Education, Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, Harbin University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Sciences Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Alotaibi S, Ali E, Darwesh H, Ahmed AT, Al-Thubaiti E. Effect of Proline on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of <i>Simmondsia chinensis </i>(Link) Schneider under Salinity Stress. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:412-418. [PMID: 31930871 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.412.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider grows as an important economic and medical plant in deserts. It suffers from salt stress during the first period of growth despite having to endure it after an advanced age. More than 30% of irrigated lands worldwide are destructively impacted by salt stress, which enormously influences the growth and productivity of several crops worldwide. Proline (Pro) aggregation has been correlated with salt tolerance. This treatise was conducted to evaluate the impact of Pro on the negative effects of salinity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experiment, sodium chloride (NaCl) (5 and 10 dS m-1) and Pro treatments (10 and 20 mM) were examined and then growth parameters, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and inorganic ion contents of jojoba plant were determined. RESULTS Salt stress significantly minimized the growth parameters (i.e., plant height, branch number/plant, leaf number/plant and dry weight), RWC, chlorophyll and N+ and K+ contents, whereas Na+ and Cl- contents showed the opposite manner. CONCLUSION Contrariwise, when Pro was applied at 10 and 20 mM, the adverse effects of salt stress on the previous parameters were mitigated; 20 mM Pro treatment showed superior effects compared with 10 mM treatment.
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18
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Chen Y, Cao C, Guo Z, Zhang Q, Li S, Zhang X, Gong J, Shen Y. Herbivore exposure alters ion fluxes and improves salt tolerance in a desert shrub. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:400-419. [PMID: 31674033 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex mechanisms that allow them to withstand multiple environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we investigated the interaction between herbivore exposure and salt stress of Ammopiptanthus nanus, a desert shrub. We found that jasmonic acid (JA) was involved in plant responses to both herbivore attack and salt stress, leading to an increased NaCl stress tolerance for herbivore-pretreated plants and increase in K+ /Na+ ratio in roots. Further evidence revealed the mechanism by which herbivore improved plant NaCl tolerance. Herbivore pretreatment reduced K+ efflux and increased Na+ efflux in plants subjected to long-term, short-term, or transient NaCl stress. Moreover, herbivore pretreatment promoted H+ efflux by increasing plasma membrane H+ -adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity. This H+ efflux creates a transmembrane proton motive force that drives the Na+ /H+ antiporter to expel excess Na+ into the external medium. In addition, high cytosolic Ca2+ was observed in the roots of herbivore-treated plants exposed to NaCl, and this effect may be regulated by H+ -ATPase. Taken together, herbivore exposure enhances A. nanus tolerance to salt stress by activating the JA-signalling pathway, increasing plasma membrane H+ -ATPase activity, promoting cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation, and then restricting K+ leakage and reducing Na+ accumulation in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjian Cao
- China Forest Pest control and Quarantine Station of Ningxia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhujuan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Gong
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Che-Othman MH, Jacoby RP, Millar AH, Taylor NL. Wheat mitochondrial respiration shifts from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the GABA shunt under salt stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1166-1180. [PMID: 30688365 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity are required during salt stress in plants to provide ATP and reductants for adaptive processes such as ion exclusion, compatible solute synthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. However, there is a poor mechanistic understanding of how salinity affects mitochondrial metabolism, particularly respiratory substrate source. To determine the mechanism of respiratory changes under salt stress in wheat leaves, we conducted an integrated analysis of metabolite content, respiratory rate and targeted protein abundance measurements. Also, we investigated the direct effect of salt on mitochondrial enzyme activities. Salt-treated wheat leaves exhibit higher respiration rate and extensive metabolite changes. The activity of the TCA cycle enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex were shown to be directly salt-sensitive. Multiple lines of evidence showed that the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt was activated under salt treatment. During salt exposure, key metabolic enzymes required for the cyclic operation of the TCA cycle are physiochemically inhibited by salt. This inhibition is overcome by increased GABA shunt activity, which provides an alternative carbon source for mitochondria that bypasses salt-sensitive enzymes, to facilitate the increased respiration of wheat leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hafiz Che-Othman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre of Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Richard P Jacoby
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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20
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Li J, Yue Y, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Fan L, Chai Z, Song C, Dong H, Yan S, Gao X, Xu Q, Yao J, Wang Z, Wang X, Hou P, Huang L. Illumination/Darkness-Induced Changes in Leaf Surface Potential Linked With Kinetics of Ion Fluxes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1407. [PMID: 31787996 PMCID: PMC6854870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A highly reproducible plant electrical signal-light-induced bioelectrogenesis (LIB) was obtained by means of periodic illumination/darkness stimulation of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves. By stimulating the same position of the same leaf with different concentrations of NaCl, we observed that the amplitude and waveform of the LIB was correlated with the intensity of stimulation. This method allowed us to link dynamic ion fluxes induced by periodic illumination/darkness to salt stress. The self-referencing ion electrode technique was used to explore the ionic mechanisms of the LIB. Fluxes of H+, Ca2+, K+, and Cl- showed periodic changes under periodic illumination/darkness before and after 50 mM NaCl stimulation. Gray relational analysis was used to analyze correlations between each of these ions and LIB. The results showed that different ions are involved in surface potential changes at different stages under periodic illumination/darkness. The gray relational grade reflected the contribution of each ion to the change in surface potential at a certain time period. The ion fluxes data obtained under periodic illumination/darkness stimulation will contribute to the future development of a dynamic model for interpretation of electrophysiological events in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Li
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yue
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Fan
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chai
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Song
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtu Dong
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shixian Yan
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiepeng Yao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peichen Hou
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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21
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Chen T, Wang W, Xu K, Xu Y, Ji D, Chen C, Xie C. K+ and Na+ transport contribute to K+/Na+ homeostasis in Pyropia haitanensis under hypersaline stress. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Mousavi S, Regni L, Bocchini M, Mariotti R, Cultrera NGM, Mancuso S, Googlani J, Chakerolhosseini MR, Guerrero C, Albertini E, Baldoni L, Proietti P. Physiological, epigenetic and genetic regulation in some olive cultivars under salt stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1093. [PMID: 30705308 PMCID: PMC6355907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated olive, a typical fruit crop species of the semi-arid regions, could successfully face the new scenarios driven by the climate change through the selection of tolerant varieties to salt and drought stresses. In the present work, multidisciplinary approaches, including physiological, epigenetic and genetic studies, have been applied to clarify the salt tolerance mechanisms in olive. Four varieties (Koroneiki, Royal de Cazorla, Arbequina and Picual) and a related form (O. europaea subsp. cuspidata) were grown in a hydroponic system under different salt concentrations from zero to 200 mM. In order to verify the plant response under salt stress, photosynthesis, gas exchange and relative water content were measured at different time points, whereas chlorophyll and leaf concentration of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ions, were quantified at 43 and 60 days after treatment, when stress symptoms became prominent. Methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique was used to assess the effects of salt stress on plant DNA methylation. Several fragments resulted differentially methylated among genotypes, treatments and time points. Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed significant expression changes related to plant response to salinity. Four genes (OePIP1.1, OePetD, OePI4Kg4 and OeXyla) were identified, as well as multiple retrotransposon elements usually targeted by methylation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mousavi
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
- CNR - Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Regni
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marika Bocchini
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Mancuso
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dept. Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - Jalaladdin Googlani
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dept. Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Emidio Albertini
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- CNR - Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Primo Proietti
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
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23
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Kumari A, Kapoor R, Bhatla SC. Nitric oxide and light co-regulate glycine betaine homeostasis in sunflower seedling cotyledons by modulating betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase transcript levels and activity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1666656. [PMID: 31526096 PMCID: PMC6804699 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1666656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB), an osmolyte, is produced in chloroplasts by the action of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) on its precursor betaine aldehyde. The present work highlights the significance of nitric oxide (NO) in GB homeostasis as a long-distance salt (120 mM NaCl) stress-elicited response. In light-grown seedling cotyledons, both the activity and transcript levels of BADH are much higher than in dark-grown seedlings irrespective of salt stress. Significantly high accumulation of GB in dark-grown seedling cotyledons indicates its preferential mobilization from cotyledons to other plant parts in light-grown seedlings. NO donor application (diethylenetriamine) maintains high BADH activity in light, although in dark it is brought down marginally. BADH levels are maintained high in light than in dark in respective treatments. Reversal of the effect of NO donor on age-dependent GB content, BADH activity, and transcript levels by NO scavenger (diethyldithiocarbamate) further demonstrates the impact of NO on GB homeostasis in light- and dark-grown seedlings in an age-dependent manner, major modulation being observed in 4-d-old seedlings. The present work, thus, provides new information on co-regulation of GB homeostasis by NO and light. It also puts forward new information of GB-NO crosstalk in maneuvering salt stress sensing as a long-distance response in seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Satish C. Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- CONTACT Satish C. Bhatla Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 11007, India
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Maintenance of mesophyll potassium and regulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase are associated with physiological responses of tea plants to drought and subsequent rehydration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Sun Y, Mu C, Zheng H, Lu S, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu X. Exogenous Pi supplementation improved the salt tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) by promoting Na + exclusion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16203. [PMID: 30385783 PMCID: PMC6212588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of phosphate (Pi)-mediated salt tolerance in maize is poorly understood. In this study, the effects of Pi (H2PO4-) on the salt tolerance of two contrasting genotypes was investigated in a pot experiment. We discovered that the application of 3 mM Pi could alleviate salt injury caused by 200 mM NaCl. High amounts of compatible solutes and low amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also observed under Pi application. Consistent with the increased tolerance, the total number of roots and the growth of shoots increased to relieve salt stress. This phenomenon could be associated with the observed increased expression of nitrate transporters. Furthermore, the seedlings presented a negative relationship between sodium (Na+) and Pi (low Na+ content and high Pi content), which is related to the genes ZmNHX1, ZmPHT1;8, and ZmPHT1;9, indicating that the exclusion of Na+ was promoted by high Pi uptake. However, high Na+ and low potassium (K+) efflux were detected in the roots, and these were positively correlated with two K+ transporters. These observations indicate that Na+ exclusion was directly induced by high K+ retention rather than Pi absorption. We conclude that maize salt tolerance increased in response to Pi application by promoting Na+ exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Sun
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhua Mu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Shouping Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xuecai Zhang
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Mexico
| | - Xia Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China.
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Gill MB, Zeng F, Shabala L, Böhm J, Zhang G, Zhou M, Shabala S. The ability to regulate voltage-gated K+-permeable channels in the mature root epidermis is essential for waterlogging tolerance in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:667-680. [PMID: 29301054 PMCID: PMC5853535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen depletion under waterlogged conditions results in a compromised operation of H+-ATPase, with strong implications for membrane potential maintenance, cytosolic pH homeostasis, and transport of all nutrients across membranes. The above effects, however, are highly tissue specific and time dependent, and the causal link between hypoxia-induced changes to the cell's ionome and plant adaptive responses to hypoxia is not well established. This work aimed to fill this gap and investigate the effects of oxygen deprivation on K+ signalling and homeostasis in plants, and potential roles of GORK (depolarization-activated outward-rectifying potassium) channels in adaptation to oxygen-deprived conditions in barley. A significant K+ loss was observed in roots exposed to hypoxic conditions; this loss correlated with the cell's viability. Stress-induced K+ loss was stronger in the root apex immediately after stress onset, but became more pronounced in the root base as the stress progressed. The amount of K+ in shoots of plants grown in waterlogged soil correlated strongly with K+ flux under hypoxia measured in laboratory experiments. Hypoxia induced membrane depolarization; the severity of this depolarization was less pronounced in the tolerant group of cultivars. The expression of GORK was down-regulated by 1.5-fold in mature root but it was up-regulated by 10-fold in the apex after 48 h hypoxia stress. Taken together, our results suggest that the GORK channel plays a central role in K+ retention and signalling under hypoxia stress, and measuring hypoxia-induced K+ fluxes from the mature root zone may be used as a physiological marker to select waterlogging-tolerant varieties in breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Gill
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lana Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jennifer Böhm
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Kiani-Pouya A, Roessner U, Jayasinghe NS, Lutz A, Rupasinghe T, Bazihizina N, Bohm J, Alharbi S, Hedrich R, Shabala S. Epidermal bladder cells confer salinity stress tolerance in the halophyte quinoa and Atriplex species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1900-1915. [PMID: 28558173 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) have been postulated to assist halophytes in coping with saline environments. However, little direct supporting evidence is available. Here, Chenopodium quinoa plants were grown under saline conditions for 5 weeks. One day prior to salinity treatment, EBCs from all leaves and petioles were gently removed by using a soft cosmetic brush and physiological, ionic and metabolic changes in brushed and non-brushed leaves were compared. Gentle removal of EBC neither initiated wound metabolism nor affected the physiology and biochemistry of control-grown plants but did have a pronounced effect on salt-grown plants, resulting in a salt-sensitive phenotype. Of 91 detected metabolites, more than half were significantly affected by salinity. Removal of EBC dramatically modified these metabolic changes, with the biggest differences reported for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proline, sucrose and inositol, affecting ion transport across cellular membranes (as shown in electrophysiological experiments). This work provides the first direct evidence for a role of EBC in salt tolerance in halophytes and attributes this to (1) a key role of EBC as a salt dump for external sequestration of sodium; (2) improved K+ retention in leaf mesophyll and (3) EBC as a storage space for several metabolites known to modulate plant ionic relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kiani-Pouya
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nirupama S Jayasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Lutz
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Bazihizina
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Deptartment of Agrifood Production and Environmental Science, University of Florence, I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Jennifer Bohm
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Würzburg University, 97082, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Sulaiman Alharbi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Würzburg University, 97082, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Mansour MMF, Ali EF. Evaluation of proline functions in saline conditions. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 140:52-68. [PMID: 28458142 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
More than one third of the world's irrigated lands are affected by salinity, which has great impact on plant growth and yield worldwide. Proline accumulation under salt stress has been indicated to correlate with salt tolerance. Exogenous application as well as genetic engineering of metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of proline has been successful in improving tolerance to salinity. Correlation between proline accumulation as well as its proposed roles and salt adaptation, however, has not been clearly confirmed in several plant species. In addition, the studies relating proline functions and plant salt tolerance are always carried out in growth chambers, and are not successfully verified in field conditions. Further, plant salt tolerance is a complex trait, and studies based solely on proline accumulation do not adequately explain its functions in salinity tolerance, and thus it is difficult to interpret the discrepancies among different data. Moreover, several reports indicate that Pro role in salt tolerance is a matter of debates, as whether Pro accumulation has adaptive significance or is a consequence of alterations in cellular metabolism induced by salinity. As no consensus is obtained on the exact roles of proline production, proline exact roles in the adaptation to saline environments is therefore still lacking and is even a matter of debates. It is obvious that comprehensive future research is needed to establish the proline exact mechanism by which it enhances plant salt tolerance. We propose, however, that proline might be essential for improving salinity tolerance in some species/cultivars, but may not be relevant in others. Evidence supporting both arguments has been presented in order to reassess the feasibility of the proposed roles of Pro in plant salt tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Magdy F Mansour
- Dept. of Botany, Fac. of Science, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo 11566, Egypt; Dept. of Biology, Fac. of Science, Taif Univ., Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Esmat Farouk Ali
- Dept. of Horticulture (Floriculture), Fac. of Agriculture, Assuit Univ., Assuit, Egypt; Dept. of Biology, Fac. of Science, Taif Univ., Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Miranda RDS, Mesquita RO, Costa JH, Alvarez-Pizarro JC, Prisco JT, Gomes-Filho E. Integrative Control Between Proton Pumps and SOS1 Antiporters in Roots is Crucial for Maintaining Low Na+ Accumulation and Salt Tolerance in Ammonium-Supplied Sorghum bicolor. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:522-536. [PMID: 28158828 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An effective strategy for re-establishing K+ and Na+ homeostasis is a challenge for the improvement of plant performance in saline soil. Specifically, attempts to understand the mechanisms of Na+ extrusion from plant cells, the control of Na+ loading in the xylem and the partitioning of the accumulated Na+ between different plant organs are ongoing. Our goal was to provide insight into how an external nitrogen source affects Na+ accumulation in Sorghum bicolor under saline conditions. The NH4+ supply improved the salt tolerance of the plant by restricting Na+ accumulation and improving the K+/Na+ homeostasis in shoots, which was consistent with the high activity and expression of Na+/H+ antiporters and proton pumps in the plasma membrane and vacuoles in the roots, resulting in low Na+ loading in the xylem. Conversely, although NO3--grown plants had exclusion and sequestration mechanisms for Na+, these responses were not sufficient to reduce Na+ accumulation. In conclusion, NH4+ acts as an efficient signal to activate co-ordinately responses involved in the regulation of Na+ homeostasis in sorghum plants under salt stress, which leads to salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Souza Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade (INCTSal/CNPq), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - José Hélio Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade (INCTSal/CNPq), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez-Pizarro
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, 63133-610, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Tarquinio Prisco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade (INCTSal/CNPq), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Enéas Gomes-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade (INCTSal/CNPq), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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30
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Kumari PH, Kumar SA, Sivan P, Katam R, Suravajhala P, Rao KS, Varshney RK, Kishor PBK. Overexpression of a Plasma Membrane Bound Na +/H + Antiporter-Like Protein ( SbNHXLP) Confers Salt Tolerance and Improves Fruit Yield in Tomato by Maintaining Ion Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2027. [PMID: 28111589 PMCID: PMC5216050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A Na+/H+ antiporter-like protein (NHXLP) was isolated from Sorghum bicolor L. (SbNHXLP) and validated by overexpressing in tomato for salt tolerance. Homozygous T2 transgenic lines when evaluated for salt tolerance, accumulated low Na+ and displayed enhanced salt tolerance compared to wild-type plants (WT). This is consistent with the amiloride binding assay of the protein. Transgenics exhibited higher accumulation of proline, K+, Ca2+, improved cambial conductivity, higher PSII, and antioxidative enzyme activities than WT. Fluorescence imaging results revealed lower Na+ and higher Ca2+ levels in transgenic roots. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that SbNHXLP interacts with a Solanum lycopersicum cation proton antiporter protein2 (SlCHX2). qRT-PCR results showed upregulation of SbNHXLP and SlCHX2 upon treatment with 200 mM NaCl and 100 mM potassium nitrate. SlCHX2 is known to be involved in K+ acquisition, and the interaction between these two proteins might help to accumulate more K+ ions, and thus maintain ion homeostasis. These results strongly suggest that plasma membrane bound SbNHXLP involves in Na+ exclusion, maintains ion homeostasis in transgenics in comparison with WT and alleviates NaCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Hima Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania UniversityHyderabad, India
| | - S. Anil Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania UniversityHyderabad, India
| | - Pramod Sivan
- Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel UniversityAnand, India
| | - Ramesh Katam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M UniversityTallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - K. S. Rao
- Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel UniversityAnand, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
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Bojórquez-Quintal E, Ruiz-Lau N, Velarde-Buendía A, Echevarría-Machado I, Pottosin I, Martínez-Estévez M. Natural variation in primary root growth and K + retention in roots of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) under salt stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:1114-1125. [PMID: 32480531 DOI: 10.1071/fp15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we analysed the natural variation in mechanisms for protection against salt stress in pepper varieties (Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. Rex, Chichen-Itza and Naranja and Capsicum annuum L. cv. Padron), considering primary root growth and viability of the post-stressed seedlings. NaCl-induced K+ and H+ efflux in roots was also studied by ion-selective microelectrodes under application of pharmacological agents. In these pepper varieties, the magnitude of the K+ leakage in the roots positively correlated with growth inhibition of the primary root in the presence of NaCl, with Rex variety showing a higher level of tolerance than Chichen-Itza. The K+ leakage and the activity of the H+ pump in the roots were dependent on the NaCl concentration. Pharmacological analysis indicated that the NaCl-induced K+ leakage was mediated by TEA+-sensitive KOR channels but not by NSCC channels. In addition, we present evidence for the possible participation of proline, and a Na+-insensitive HAK K+ transporter expressed in habanero pepper roots for maintaining K+ homeostasis under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bojórquez-Quintal
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
| | - Nancy Ruiz-Lau
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
| | - Ana Velarde-Buendía
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Ileana Echevarría-Machado
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Manuel Martínez-Estévez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
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Brassinolide Increases Potato Root Growth In Vitro in a Dose-Dependent Way and Alleviates Salinity Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8231873. [PMID: 27803931 PMCID: PMC5075642 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8231873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal phytohormones that regulate various physiological processes, such as root development and stress tolerance. In the present study, we showed that brassinolide (BL) affects potato root in vitro growth in a dose-dependent manner. Low BL concentrations (0.1 and 0.01 μg/L) promoted root elongation and lateral root development, whereas high BL concentrations (1–100 μg/L) inhibited root elongation. There was a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation between root activity and BL concentrations within a range from 0.01 to 100 μg/L, with the peak activity of 8.238 mg TTC·g−1 FW·h−1 at a BL concentration of 100 μg/L. Furthermore, plants treated with 50 μg/L BL showed enhanced salt stress tolerance through in vitro growth. Under this scenario, BL treatment enhanced the proline content and antioxidant enzymes' (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) activity and reduced malondialdehyde content in potato shoots. Application of BL maintain K+ and Na+ homeostasis by improving tissue K+/Na+ ratio. Therefore, we suggested that the effects of BL on root development from stem fragments explants as well as on primary root development are dose-dependent and that BL application alleviates salt stress on potato by improving root activity, root/shoot ratio, and antioxidative capacity in shoots and maintaining K+/Na+ homeostasis in potato shoots and roots.
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Al Hassan M, Pacurar A, López-Gresa MP, Donat-Torres MP, Llinares JV, Boscaiu M, Vicente O. Effects of Salt Stress on Three Ecologically Distinct Plantago Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160236. [PMID: 27490924 PMCID: PMC4973956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies on the responses to salt stress of taxonomically related taxa should help to elucidate relevant mechanisms of stress tolerance in plants. We have applied this strategy to three Plantago species adapted to different natural habitats, P. crassifolia and P. coronopus-both halophytes-and P. major, considered as salt-sensitive since it is never found in natural saline habitats. Growth inhibition measurements in controlled salt treatments indicated, however, that P. major is quite resistant to salt stress, although less than its halophytic congeners. The contents of monovalent ions and specific osmolytes were determined in plant leaves after four-week salt treatments. Salt-treated plants of the three taxa accumulated Na+ and Cl- in response to increasing external NaCl concentrations, to a lesser extent in P. major than in the halophytes; the latter species also showed higher ion contents in the non-stressed plants. In the halophytes, K+ concentration decreased at moderate salinity levels, to increase again under high salt conditions, whereas in P. major K+ contents were reduced only above 400 mM NaCl. Sorbitol contents augmented in all plants, roughly in parallel with increasing salinity, but the relative increments and the absolute values reached did not differ much in the three taxa. On the contrary, a strong (relative) accumulation of proline in response to high salt concentrations (600-800 mM NaCl) was observed in the halophytes, but not in P. major. These results indicate that the responses to salt stress triggered specifically in the halophytes, and therefore the most relevant for tolerance in the genus Plantago are: a higher efficiency in the transport of toxic ions to the leaves, the capacity to use inorganic ions as osmotica, even under low salinity conditions, and the activation, in response to very high salt concentrations, of proline accumulation and K+ transport to the leaves of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Al Hassan
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP, UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Pacurar
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP, UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María P. López-Gresa
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP, UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María P. Donat-Torres
- Research Institute for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (IGIC, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, 46730, Gandia, Spain
| | - Josep V. Llinares
- Mediterranean Agroforestal Institute (IAM, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestal Institute (IAM, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP, UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Allaoua S, Hafsa CS, Bilal Y. Growing varieties durum wheat (Triticum durum) in response to the effect of osmolytes and inoculation by Azotobacter chroococcum under salt stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Pottosin I, Shabala S. Transport Across Chloroplast Membranes: Optimizing Photosynthesis for Adverse Environmental Conditions. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:356-370. [PMID: 26597501 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are central to solar light harvesting and photosynthesis. Optimal chloroplast functioning is vitally dependent on a very intensive traffic of metabolites and ions between the cytosol and stroma, and should be attuned for adverse environmental conditions. This is achieved by an orchestrated regulation of a variety of transport systems located at chloroplast membranes such as porines, solute channels, ion-specific cation and anion channels, and various primary and secondary active transport systems. In this review we describe the molecular nature and functional properties of the inner and outer envelope and thylakoid membrane channels and transporters. We then discuss how their orchestrated regulation affects thylakoid structure, electron transport and excitation energy transfer, proton-motive force partition, ion homeostasis, stromal pH regulation, and volume regulation. We link the activity of key cation and anion transport systems with stress-specific signaling processes in chloroplasts, and discuss how these signals interact with the signals generated in other organelles to optimize the cell performance, with a special emphasis on Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pottosin
- Biomedical Centre, University of Colima, Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
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Zhang J, Yu H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang J, Duan L, Zhang M, Li Z. Increased abscisic acid levels in transgenic maize overexpressing AtLOS5 mediated root ion fluxes and leaf water status under salt stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1339-55. [PMID: 26743432 PMCID: PMC4762378 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a vital cellular signal in plants, and effective ABA signalling is pivotal for stress tolerance. AtLOS5 encoding molybdenum cofactor sulphurase is a key regulator of ABA biosynthesis. Here, transgenic AtLOS5 plants were generated to explore the role of AtLOS5 in salt tolerance in maize. AtLOS5 overexpression significantly up-regulated the expression of ZmVp14-2, ZmAO, and ZmMOCO, and increased aldehyde oxidase activities, which enhanced ABA accumulation in transgenic plants under salt stress. Concurrently, AtLOS5 overexpression induced the expression of ZmNHX1, ZmCBL4, and ZmCIPK16, and enhanced the root net Na(+) efflux and H(+) influx, but decreased net K(+) efflux, which maintained a high cytosolic K(+)/Na(+) ratio in transgenic plants under salt stress. However, amiloride or sodium orthovanadate could significantly elevate K(+) effluxes and decrease Na(+) efflux and H(+) influx in salt-treated transgenic roots, but the K(+) effluxes were inhibited by TEA, suggesting that ion fluxes regulated by AtLOS5 overexpression were possibly due to activation of Na(+)/H(+) antiport and K(+) channels across the plasma membrane. Moreover, AtLOS5 overexpression could up-regulate the transcripts of ZmPIP1:1, ZmPIP1:5, and ZmPIP2:4, and enhance root hydraulic conductivity. Thus transgenic plants had higher leaf water potential and turgor, which was correlated with greater biomass accumulation under salt stress. Thus AtLOS5 overexpression induced the expression of ABA biosynthetic genes to promote ABA accumulation, which activated ion transporter and PIP aquaporin gene expression to regulate root ion fluxes and water uptake, thus maintaining high cytosolic K(+) and Na(+) homeostasis and better water status in maize exposed to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Maoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiachang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Wang Q, Dodd IC, Belimov AA, Jiang F. Rhizosphere bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase increase growth and photosynthesis of pea plants under salt stress by limiting Na + accumulation. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:161-172. [PMID: 32480450 DOI: 10.1071/fp15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although plant salt tolerance has been improved by soil inoculation with rhizobacteria containing the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (which metabolises ACC, the immediate precursor of the phytohormone ethylene), it is not always clear whether ion homeostasis and plant water relations are affected. When pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alderman) was grown with 70 and 130mM NaCl, the ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacterium Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2 increased total biomass by 25 and 54% respectively. Nutrient flow modelling showed that V. paradoxus 5C-2 increased K uptake and root to shoot K flow, but decreased Na flow and increased Na deposition in roots. Thus, shoot K+:Na+ ratio increased following V. paradoxus 5C-2 inoculation. At 70 and 130mM NaCl, rhizobacterial inoculation decreased stomatal resistance by 14 and 31% and decreased xylem balancing pressure by 7 and 21% respectively. Furthermore, rhizobacterial inoculation improved photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) by 12 and 19% and increased maximal electron transport rate (ETR) by 18 and 22% at 70 and 130mM NaCl respectively. Thus V. paradoxus 5C-2 mitigates salt stress by improving water relations, ion homeostasis and photosynthesis of pea plants, and may provide an economic means of promoting growth of plants exposed to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Andrey A Belimov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelskogo Sh. 3, Pushkin-8, 196608, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Fan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Anion Channel Inhibitor NPPB-Inhibited Fluoride Accumulation in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) Is Related to the Regulation of Ca²⁺, CaM and Depolarization of Plasma Membrane Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010057. [PMID: 26742036 PMCID: PMC4730302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea plant is known to be a hyper-accumulator of fluoride (F). Over-intake of F has been shown to have adverse effects on human health, e.g., dental fluorosis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms fluoride accumulation and developing potential approaches to decrease F uptake in tea plants might be beneficial for human health. In the present study, we found that pretreatment with the anion channel inhibitor NPPB reduced F accumulation in tea plants. Simultaneously, we observed that NPPB triggered Ca(2+) efflux from mature zone of tea root and significantly increased relative CaM in tea roots. Besides, pretreatment with the Ca(2+) chelator (EGTA) and CaM antagonists (CPZ and TFP) suppressed NPPB-elevated cytosolic Ca(2+) fluorescence intensity and CaM concentration in tea roots, respectively. Interestingly, NPPB-inhibited F accumulation was found to be significantly alleviated in tea plants pretreated with either Ca(2+) chelator (EGTA) or CaM antagonists (CPZ and TFP). In addition, NPPB significantly depolarized membrane potential transiently and we argue that the net Ca(2+) and H⁺ efflux across the plasma membrane contributed to the restoration of membrane potential. Overall, our results suggest that regulation of Ca(2+)-CaM and plasma membrane potential depolarization are involved in NPPB-inhibited F accumulation in tea plants.
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Ma Y, Zhu M, Shabala L, Zhou M, Shabala S. Conditioning of Roots with Hypoxia Increases Aluminum and Acid Stress Tolerance by Mitigating Activation of K+ Efflux Channels by ROS in Barley: Insights into Cross-Tolerance Mechanisms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:160-73. [PMID: 26581863 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is prevalent in soils, but Al toxicity is manifested only under acid conditions. It causes severe damages to the root system. Short-term waterlogging stress can occur simultaneously with Al toxicity in areas with high rainfall or an inappropriate irrigation pattern. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most Al-sensitive small-grained cereals. In this work, we have investigated effects of short-term treatments with hypoxia and phenolic acid (two major constraints in waterlogged soils) on root sensitivity to low-pH and Al stresses. We showed that hypoxia-primed roots maintained higher cell viability when exposed to low-pH/Al stress, in both elongation and mature root zones, and possessed superior ability to retain K(+) in response to low-pH/Al stresses. These priming effects were not related to higher H(+)-ATPase activity and better membrane potential maintenance, and could not be explained by the increased expression levels of HvHAK1, which mediates high-affinity K(+) uptake in roots. Instead, hypoxia-conditioned roots were significantly less sensitive to H2O2 treatment, indicated by the 10-fold reduction in the magnitude of K(+) efflux changes. This suggested that roots pre-treated with hypoxia desensitized reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducible K(+) efflux channels in root epidermis, most probably via enhanced antioxidative capacity. A possible role for Ca(2+) in stress-induced ROS signaling pathways is also discussed. Overall, our results report, for the first time, the phenomenon of cross-protection between hypoxia and low-pH/Al stresses, and causally link it to the cell's ability to maintain cytosolic K(+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ma
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
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Colla G, Nardi S, Cardarelli M, Ertani A, Lucini L, Canaguier R, Rouphael Y. Protein hydrolysates as biostimulants in horticulture. SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 2015. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Fan Y, Shabala S, Ma Y, Xu R, Zhou M. Using QTL mapping to investigate the relationships between abiotic stress tolerance (drought and salinity) and agronomic and physiological traits. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:43. [PMID: 25651931 PMCID: PMC4320823 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drought and salinity are two major abiotic stresses that severely limit barley production worldwide. Physiological and genetic complexity of these tolerance traits has significantly slowed the progress of developing stress-tolerant cultivars. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) may potentially overcome this problem. In the current research, seventy two double haploid (DH) lines from a cross between TX9425 (a Chinese landrace variety with superior drought and salinity tolerance) and a sensitive variety, Franklin were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for drought and salinity tolerance, based on a range of developmental and physiological traits. Results Two QTL for drought tolerance (leaf wilting under drought stress) and one QTL for salinity tolerance (plant survival under salt stress) were identified from this population. The QTL on 2H for drought tolerance determined 42% of phenotypic variation, based on three independent experiments. This QTL was closely linked with a gene controlling ear emergency. The QTL on 5H for drought tolerance was less affected by agronomic traits and can be effectively used in breeding programs. A candidate gene for this QTL on 5H was identified based on the draft barley genome sequence. The QTL for proline accumulation, under both drought and salinity stresses, were located on different positions to those for drought and salinity tolerance, indicating no relationship with plant tolerance to either of these stresses. Conclusions Using QTL mapping, the relationships between QTL for agronomic and physiological traits and plant drought and salinity tolerance were studied. A new QTL for drought tolerance which was not linked to any of the studied traits was identified. This QTL can be effectively used in breeding programs. It was also shown that proline accumulation under stresses was not necessarily linked with drought or salinity tolerance based on methods of phenotyping used in this experiment. The use of proline content in breeding programs can also be limited by the accuracy of phenotyping. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1243-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS 7249, Australia.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS 7249, Australia.
| | - Yanling Ma
- University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS 7249, Australia.
| | - Rugen Xu
- Barley Research Institution of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Meixue Zhou
- University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS 7249, Australia.
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Song J, Wang B. Using euhalophytes to understand salt tolerance and to develop saline agriculture: Suaeda salsa as a promising model. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:541-53. [PMID: 25288631 PMCID: PMC4332605 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As important components in saline agriculture, halophytes can help to provide food for a growing world population. In addition to being potential crops in their own right, halophytes are also potential sources of salt-resistance genes that might help plant breeders and molecular biologists increase the salt tolerance of conventional crop plants. One especially promising halophyte is Suaeda salsa, a euhalophytic herb that occurs both on inland saline soils and in the intertidal zone. The species produces dimorphic seeds: black seeds are sensitive to salinity and remain dormant in light under high salt concentrations, while brown seeds can germinate under high salinity (e.g. 600 mm NaCl) regardless of light. Consequently, the species is useful for studying the mechanisms by which dimorphic seeds are adapted to saline environments. S. salsa has succulent leaves and is highly salt tolerant (e.g. its optimal NaCl concentration for growth is 200 mm). A series of S. salsa genes related to salt tolerance have been cloned and their functions tested: these include SsNHX1, SsHKT1, SsAPX, SsCAT1, SsP5CS and SsBADH. The species is economically important because its fresh branches have high value as a vegetable, and its seed oil is edible and rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Because it can remove salts and heavy metals from saline soils, S. salsa can also be used in the restoration of salinized or contaminated saline land. SCOPE Because of its economic and ecological value in saline agriculture, S. salsa is one of the most important halophytes in China. In this review, the value of S. salsa as a source of food, medicine and forage is discussed. Its uses in the restoration of salinized or contaminated land and as a source of salt-resistance genes are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
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Mansour MMF. The plasma membrane transport systems and adaptation to salinity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1787-800. [PMID: 25262536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress represents one of the environmental challenges that drastically affect plant growth and yield. Evidence suggests that glycophytes and halophytes have a salt tolerance mechanisms working at the cellular level, and the plasma membrane (PM) is believed to be one facet of the cellular mechanisms. The responses of the PM transport proteins to salinity in contrasting species/cultivars were discussed. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances describing the crucial roles that the PM transport systems have in plant adaptation to salt. Several lines of evidence were presented to demonstrate the correlation between the PM transport proteins and adaptation of plants to high salinity. How alterations in these transport systems of the PM allow plants to cope with the salt stress was also addressed. Although inconsistencies exist in some of the information related to the responses of the PM transport proteins to salinity in different species/cultivars, their key roles in adaptation of plants to high salinity is obvious and evident, and cannot be precluded. Despite the promising results, detailed investigations at the cellular/molecular level are needed in some issues of the PM transport systems in response to salinity to further evaluate their implication in salt tolerance.
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Bojórquez-Quintal E, Velarde-Buendía A, Ku-González Á, Carillo-Pech M, Ortega-Camacho D, Echevarría-Machado I, Pottosin I, Martínez-Estévez M. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in habanero pepper plants (Capsicum chinense Jacq.): Proline accumulation, ions dynamics and sodium root-shoot partition and compartmentation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:605. [PMID: 25429292 PMCID: PMC4228851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite its economic relevance, little is known about salt tolerance mechanisms in pepper plants. To address this question, we compared differences in responses to NaCl in two Capsicum chinense varieties: Rex (tolerant) and Chichen-Itza (sensitive). Under salt stress (150 mM NaCl over 7 days) roots of Rex variety accumulated 50 times more compatible solutes such as proline compared to Chichen-Itza. Mineral analysis indicated that Na(+) is restricted to roots by preventing its transport to leaves. Fluorescence analysis suggested an efficient Na(+) compartmentalization in vacuole-like structures and in small intracellular compartments in roots of Rex variety. At the same time, Na(+) in Chichen-Itza plants was compartmentalized in the apoplast, suggesting substantial Na(+) extrusion. Rex variety was found to retain more K(+) in its roots under salt stress according to a mineral analysis and microelectrode ion flux estimation (MIFE). Vanadate-sensitive H(+) efflux was higher in Chichen-Itza variety plants, suggesting a higher activity of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, which fuels the extrusion of Na(+), and, possibly, also the re-uptake of K(+). Our results suggest a combination of stress tolerance mechanisms, in order to alleviate the salt-induced injury. Furthermore, Na(+) extrusion to apoplast does not appear to be an efficient strategy for salt tolerance in pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bojórquez-Quintal
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Ana Velarde-Buendía
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de ColimaColima, México
| | - Ángela Ku-González
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Mildred Carillo-Pech
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Daniela Ortega-Camacho
- Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Ileana Echevarría-Machado
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de ColimaColima, México
| | - Manuel Martínez-Estévez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánYucatán, México
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Paz RC, Reinoso H, Espasandin FD, González Antivilo FA, Sansberro PA, Rocco RA, Ruiz OA, Menéndez AB. Akaline, saline and mixed saline-alkaline stresses induce physiological and morpho-anatomical changes in Lotus tenuis shoots. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:1042-9. [PMID: 24597843 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Saline, alkaline and mixed saline-alkaline conditions frequently co-occur in soil. In this work, we compared these plant stress sources on the legume Lotus tenuis, regarding their effects on shoot growth and leaf and stem anatomy. In addition, we aimed to gain insight on the plant physiological status of stressed plants. We performed pot experiments with four treatments: control without salt (pH = 5.8; EC = 1.2 dS·m(-1)) and three stress conditions, saline (100 mM NaCl, pH = 5.8; EC = 11.0 dS·m(-1)), alkaline (10 mM NaHCO3, pH = 8.0, EC = 1.9 dS·m(-1)) and mixed salt-alkaline (10 mM NaHCO3 + 100 mM NaCl, pH = 8.0, EC = 11.0 dS·m(-1)). Neutral and alkaline salts produced a similar level of growth inhibition on L. tenuis shoots, whereas their mixture exacerbated their detrimental effects. Our results showed that none of the analysed morpho-anatomical parameters categorically differentiated one stress from the other. However, NaCl- and NaHCO3 -derived stress could be discriminated to different extents and/or directions of changes in some of the anatomical traits. For example, alkalinity led to increased stomatal opening, unlike NaCl-treated plants, where a reduction in stomatal aperture was observed. Similarly, plants from the mixed saline-alkaline treatment characteristically lacked palisade mesophyll in their leaves. The stem cross-section and vessel areas, as well as the number of vascular bundles in the sectioned stem were reduced in all treatments. A rise in the number of vessel elements in the xylem was recorded in NaCl-treated plants, but not in those treated exclusively with NaHCO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Paz
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, IIB-IINTECH/UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Instituto de Biotecnología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Mendoza, Argentina
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Shabala S, Shabala L, Barcelo J, Poschenrieder C. Membrane transporters mediating root signalling and adaptive responses to oxygen deprivation and soil flooding. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2216-33. [PMID: 24689809 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive assessment of a previously unexplored topic: elucidating the role that plasma- and organelle-based membrane transporters play in plant-adaptive responses to flooding. We show that energy availability and metabolic shifts under hypoxia and anoxia are critical in regulating membrane-transport activity. We illustrate the high tissue and time dependence of this regulation, reveal the molecular identity of transporters involved and discuss the modes of their regulation. We show that both reduced oxygen availability and accumulation of transition metals in flooded roots result in a reduction in the cytosolic K(+) pool, ultimately determining the cell's fate and transition to programmed cell death (PCD). This process can be strongly affected by hypoxia-induced changes in the amino acid pool profile and, specifically, ϒ-amino butyric acid (GABA) accumulation. It is suggested that GABA plays an important regulatory role, allowing plants to proceed with H2 O2 signalling to activate a cascade of genes that mediate plant adaptation to flooding while at the same time, preventing the cell from entering a 'suicide program'. We conclude that progress in crop breeding for flooding tolerance can only be achieved by pyramiding the numerous physiological traits that confer efficient energy maintenance, cytosolic ion homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) control and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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Choline but not its derivative betaine blocks slow vacuolar channels in the halophyte Chenopodium quinoa: implications for salinity stress responses. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3918-23. [PMID: 25240200 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Activity of tonoplast slow vacuolar (SV, or TPC1) channels has to be under a tight control, to avoid undesirable leak of cations stored in the vacuole. This is particularly important for salt-grown plants, to ensure efficient vacuolar Na(+) sequestration. In this study we show that choline, a cationic precursor of glycine betaine, efficiently blocks SV channels in leaf and root vacuoles of the two chenopods, Chenopodium quinoa (halophyte) and Beta vulgaris (glycophyte). At the same time, betaine and proline, two major cytosolic organic osmolytes, have no significant effect on SV channel activity. Physiological implications of these findings are discussed.
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Bazihizina N, Taiti C, Marti L, Rodrigo-Moreno A, Spinelli F, Giordano C, Caparrotta S, Gori M, Azzarello E, Mancuso S. Zn2+ -induced changes at the root level account for the increased tolerance of acclimated tobacco plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4931-42. [PMID: 24928985 PMCID: PMC4144771 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that heavy-metal tolerance can be induced in plants following pre-treatment with non-toxic metal concentrations, but the results are still controversial. In the present study, tobacco plants were exposed to increasing Zn2+ concentrations (up to 250 and/or 500 μM ZnSO4) with or without a 1-week acclimation period with 30 μM ZnSO4. Elevated Zn2+ was highly toxic for plants, and after 3 weeks of treatments there was a marked (≥50%) decline in plant growth in non-acclimated plants. Plant acclimation, on the other hand, increased plant dry mass and leaf area up to 1.6-fold compared with non-acclimated ones. In non-acclimated plants, the addition of 250 μM ZnSO4 led to transient membrane depolarization and stomatal closure within 24h from the addition of the stress; by contrast, the acclimation process was associated with an improved stomatal regulation and a superior ability to maintain a negative root membrane potential, with values on average 37% more negative compared with non-acclimated plants. The different response at the plasma-membrane level between acclimated and non-acclimated plants was associated with an enhanced vacuolar Zn2+ sequestration and up to 2-fold higher expression of the tobacco orthologue of the Arabidopsis thaliana MTP1 gene. Thus, the acclimation process elicited specific detoxification mechanisms in roots that enhanced Zn2+ compartmentalization in vacuoles, thereby improving root membrane functionality and stomatal regulation in leaves following elevated Zn2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bazihizina
- LINV - Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo Taiti
- LINV - Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Marti
- LINV - Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Rodrigo-Moreno
- LINV - Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- LINV - Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristiana Giordano
- Centro di Microscopie Elettroniche 'Laura Bonzi' (Ce.M.E.), ICCOM, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Caparrotta
- LINV - Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Gori
- LINV - Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Azzarello
- LINV - Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- LINV - Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
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Lai D, Mao Y, Zhou H, Li F, Wu M, Zhang J, He Z, Cui W, Xie Y. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide enhances salt tolerance by coupling the reestablishment of redox homeostasis and preventing salt-induced K⁺ loss in seedlings of Medicago sativa. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 225:117-29. [PMID: 25017167 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the external application of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) conferring plant tolerance against various environmental cues, the physiological significance of l-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-DES)-associated endogenous H2S production involved in salt-stress signaling was poorly understood. To address this gap, the participation of in planta changes of H2S homeostasis involved in alfalfa salt tolerance was investigated. The increasing concentration of NaCl (from 50 to 300 mM) progressively caused the induction of total l-DES activity and the increase of endogenous H2S production. NaCl-triggered toxicity symptoms (175 mM), including seedling growth inhibition and lipid peroxidation, were alleviated by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; 100 μM), a H2S donor, whereas aggravated by an inhibitor of l-DES or a H2S scavenger. A weaker or negative response was observed in lower or higher dose of NaHS. Further results showed that endogenous l-DES-related H2S modulated several genes/activities of antioxidant defence enzymes, and also regulated the contents of antioxidant compounds, thus counterbalancing the NaCl-induced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, H2S maintained K(+)/Na(+) homeostasis by preventing the NaCl-triggered K(+) efflux, which might be result form the impairment of SKOR expression. Together, our findings indicated that endogenous H2S homeostasis enhance salt tolerance by coupling the reestablishment of redox balance and restraining K(+) efflux in alfalfa seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwen Lai
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ziyi He
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiti Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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50
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Suzuki N, Rivero RM, Shulaev V, Blumwald E, Mittler R. Abiotic and biotic stress combinations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:32-43. [PMID: 24720847 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 795] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, cold, or pathogen infection can have a devastating impact on plant growth and yield under field conditions. Nevertheless, the effects of these stresses on plants are typically being studied under controlled growth conditions in the laboratory. The field environment is very different from the controlled conditions used in laboratory studies, and often involves the simultaneous exposure of plants to more than one abiotic and/or biotic stress condition, such as a combination of drought and heat, drought and cold, salinity and heat, or any of the major abiotic stresses combined with pathogen infection. Recent studies have revealed that the response of plants to combinations of two or more stress conditions is unique and cannot be directly extrapolated from the response of plants to each of the different stresses applied individually. Moreover, the simultaneous occurrence of different stresses results in a high degree of complexity in plant responses, as the responses to the combined stresses are largely controlled by different, and sometimes opposing, signaling pathways that may interact and inhibit each other. In this review, we will provide an update on recent studies focusing on the response of plants to a combination of different stresses. In particular, we will address how different stress responses are integrated and how they impact plant growth and physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
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