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Hernández-Muñoz A, Agreda-Laguna KA, Ramírez-Bernabé IE, Oltehua-López O, Arteaga-Vázquez MA, Leon P. Marchantia polymorpha GOLDEN2-LIKE transcriptional factor; a central regulator of chloroplast and plant vegetative development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1406-1423. [PMID: 38922903 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors act as a central regulatory node involved in both developmental processes and environmental responses. Marchantia polymorpha, a basal terrestrial plant with strategic evolutionary position, contains a single GLK representative that possesses an additional domain compared to spermatophytes. We analyzed the role of MpGLK in chloroplast biogenesis and development by altering its levels, preforming transcriptomic profiling and conducting chromatin immunoprecipitation. Decreased MpGLK levels impair chloroplast differentiation and disrupt the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes, while overexpressing MpGLK leads to ectopic chloroplast biogenesis. This demonstrates the MpGLK functions as a bona fide GLK protein, likely representing an ancestral GLK architecture. Altering MpGLK levels directly regulates the expression of genes involved in Chl synthesis and degradation, similar to processes observed in eudicots, and causes various developmental defects in Marchantia, including the formation of dorsal structures such as air pores and gemma cups. MpGLK, also directly activates MpMAX2 gene expression, regulating the timing of gemma cup development. Our study shows that MpGLK functions as a master regulator, potentially coupling chloroplast development with vegetative reproduction. This illustrates the complex regulatory networks governing chloroplast function and plant development communication and highlight the evolutionary conservation of GLK-mediated regulatory processes across plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arihel Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Kenny Alejandra Agreda-Laguna
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Ignacio E Ramírez-Bernabé
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Omar Oltehua-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Mario A Arteaga-Vázquez
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91090, Mexico
| | - Patricia Leon
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
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Wang X, Zhou Y, Chen S, Lu M, Guan C, He R, Yu Y, Yan H, Liu W, Li S, Liu Y, Li K, Wang S, Bao H, Ali S, Meng N, Zhao J, Chen S. Identification and transcriptome analysis of a photosynthesis deficient mutant of Populus davidiana Dode. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112182. [PMID: 39019090 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the main source of energy for plants to sustain growth and development. Abnormalities in photosynthesis may cause defects in plant development. The elaborate regulatory mechanism underlying photosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, we identified a natural mutant from the Greater Khingan Mountains and named it as "1-T". This mutant had variegated leaf with irregular distribution of yellow and green. Chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic capacity of 1-T were significantly reduced compared to other poplar genotypes. Furthermore, a transcriptome analysis revealed 3269 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 1-T. The products of the DEGs were enriched in photosystem I and photosystem II. Three motifs were significantly enriched in the promoters of these DEGs. Yeast one-hybrid, Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and tobacco transient transformation experiments indicated that PdGLKs may bind to the three motifs. Further analysis indicated that these photosystem related genes were also significantly down-regulated in PdGLK-RNAi poplars. Therefore, we preliminarily concluded that the down-regulation of PdGLKs in 1-T may affect the expression of photosystem-related genes, resulting in abnormal photosystem development and thus affecting the growth and development. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of photosynthesis regulating plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Meiqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunyu Guan
- Qiqihar University, College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar 161006 China
| | - Ruihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuanfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kanglei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Haoran Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sajid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Forest Botanical Garden of Heilongjiang Province, Haping Road 105, Harbin, China.
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Qu H, Liang S, Hu L, Yu L, Liang P, Hao Z, Peng Y, Yang J, Shi J, Chen J. Overexpression of Liriodendron Hybrid LhGLK1 in Arabidopsis Leads to Excessive Chlorophyll Synthesis and Improved Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6968. [PMID: 39000074 PMCID: PMC11241243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts is the site for photosynthesis, which is the main primary source of energy for plants. Golden2-like (GLK) is a key transcription factor that regulates chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis. However, most studies on GLK genes are performed in crops and model plants with less attention to woody plants. In this study, we identified the LhGLK1 and LhGLK2 genes in the woody plant Liriodendron hybrid, and they are specifically expressed in green tissues. We showed that overexpression of the LhGLK1 gene improves rosette leaf chlorophyll content and induces ectopic chlorophyll biogenesis in primary root and petal vascular tissue in Arabidopsis. Although these exhibit a late-flowering phenotype, transgenic lines accumulate more biomass in vegetative growth with improved photochemical quenching (qP) and efficiency of photosystem II. Taken together, we verified a conserved and ancient mechanism for regulating chloroplast biogenesis in Liriodendron hybrid and evaluated its effect on photosynthesis and rosette biomass accumulation in the model plant Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxian Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.Q.); (S.L.); (L.H.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.Q.); (S.L.); (L.H.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Lingfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.Q.); (S.L.); (L.H.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.Q.); (S.L.); (L.H.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Pengxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.Q.); (S.L.); (L.H.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.Q.); (S.L.); (L.H.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ye Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Jing Yang
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Jisen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.Q.); (S.L.); (L.H.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jinhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.Q.); (S.L.); (L.H.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.H.)
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Wang H, Xia L, Chen J, Cheng C. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of the Leaf Yellowing in Allotriploid Cucumber. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:825. [PMID: 39062604 PMCID: PMC11275418 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellowing leaves are ideal materials for studying the metabolic pathways of photosynthetic pigment chloroplast development, and the mechanism of photosynthetic systems. Here, we obtained a triploid material HCC (2n = 3x = 26), which was derived from hybridization between the artificial tetraploid Cucumis × hytivus (2n = 4x = 38, HHCC) and the cultivated cucumber Cucumis sativus (2n = 2x = 14, CC), and this triploid HCC showed obvious leaf yellowing characteristics. Phenotypic observation results showed that chloroplast development was impaired, the chlorophyll content decreased, and photosynthesis decreased in yellowing HCC leaves. The transcriptome results indicated that HCC-GLK is significantly downregulated in HCC and participates in the regulation of leaf yellowing. GO enrichment analysis revealed that differential genes were enriched in the heme binding and tetrapyrrole binding pathways related to leaf color. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that differential genes were predominantly enriched in photosynthesis-related pathways. The experimental results of VIGS and yeast hybridization showed that silencing the GLK gene can induce leaf yellowing in cucumber plants, and the GLK protein can affect plant chloroplast development by interacting with the CAB3C protein (light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding) in the plant chlorophyll synthesis pathway. The current findings have not only enhanced our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of the GLK transcription factor in cucumber but also introduced novel insights and directions for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying polyploid leaf yellowing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.W.); (L.X.); (J.C.)
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Zou Y, Huang Y, Zhang D, Chen H, Liang Y, Hao M, Yin Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Chlorophyll Deficiency in Ilex × attenuata 'Sunny Foster' Mutant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1284. [PMID: 38794356 PMCID: PMC11124982 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Ilex × attenuata 'Sunny Foster' represents a yellow leaf mutant originating from I. × attenuata 'Foster#2', a popular ornamental woody cultivar. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this leaf color mutation remain unclear. Using a comprehensive approach encompassing cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic methodologies, notable distinctions were discerned between the mutant specimen and its wild type. The mutant phenotype displayed aberrant chloroplast morphology, diminished chlorophyll content, heightened carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios, and a decelerated rate of plant development. Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to chlorophyll metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. The up-regulation of CHLD and CHLI subunits leads to decreased magnesium chelatase activity, while the up-regulation of COX10 increases heme biosynthesis-both impair chlorophyll synthesis. Conversely, the down-regulation of HEMD hindered chlorophyll synthesis, and the up-regulation of SGR enhanced chlorophyll degradation, resulting in reduced chlorophyll content. Additionally, genes linked to carotenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid metabolism, and photosynthesis were significantly down-regulated. We also identified 311 putative differentially expressed transcription factors, including bHLHs and GLKs. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color mutation in I. × attenuata 'Sunny Foster' and provide a substantial gene reservoir for enhancing leaf color through breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zou
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Qinghao Landscape Horticulture Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211225, China
| | - Yajian Huang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Donglin Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Youwang Liang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingzhuo Hao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Qinghao Landscape Horticulture Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211225, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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Zhang T, Zhang R, Zeng XY, Lee S, Ye LH, Tian SL, Zhang YJ, Busch W, Zhou WB, Zhu XG, Wang P. GLK transcription factors accompany ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 to orchestrate light-induced seedling development in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2400-2421. [PMID: 38180123 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Light-induced de-etiolation is an important aspect of seedling photomorphogenesis. GOLDEN2 LIKE (GLK) transcriptional regulators are involved in chloroplast development, but to what extent they participate in photomorphogenesis is not clear. Here, we show that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) binds to GLK promoters to activate their expression, and also interacts with GLK proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The chlorophyll content in the de-etiolating Arabidopsis seedlings of the hy5 glk2 double mutants was lower than that in the hy5 single mutant. GLKs inhibited hypocotyl elongation, and the phenotype could superimpose on the hy5 phenotype. Correspondingly, GLK2 regulated the expression of photosynthesis and cell elongation genes partially independent of HY5. Before exposure to light, DE-ETIOLATED 1 (DET1) affected accumulation of GLK proteins. The enhanced etioplast development and photosystem gene expression observed in the det1 mutant were attenuated in the det1 glk2 double mutant. Our study reveals that GLKs act downstream of HY5, or additive to HY5, and are likely quantitatively adjusted by DET1, to orchestrate multiple developmental traits during the light-induced skotomorphogenesis-to-photomorphogenesis transition in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi-Yu Zeng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lu-Huan Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Long Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wen-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
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Satasiya P, Patel S, Patel R, Raigar OP, Modha K, Parekh V, Joshi H, Patel V, Chaudhary A, Sharma D, Prajapati M. Meta-analysis of identified genomic regions and candidate genes underlying salinity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:5730. [PMID: 38459066 PMCID: PMC10923909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice output has grown globally, yet abiotic factors are still a key cause for worry. Salinity stress seems to have the more impact on crop production out of all abiotic stresses. Currently one of the most significant challenges in paddy breeding for salinity tolerance with the help of QTLs, is to determine the QTLs having the best chance of improving salinity tolerance with the least amount of background noise from the tolerant parent. Minimizing the size of the QTL confidence interval (CI) is essential in order to primarily include the genes responsible for salinity stress tolerance. By considering that, a genome-wide meta-QTL analysis on 768 QTLs from 35 rice populations published from 2001 to 2022 was conducted to identify consensus regions and the candidate genes underlying those regions responsible for the salinity tolerance, as it reduces the confidence interval (CI) to many folds from the initial QTL studies. In the present investigation, a total of 65 MQTLs were extracted with an average CI reduced from 17.35 to 1.66 cM including the smallest of 0.01 cM. Identification of the MQTLs for individual traits and then classifying the target traits into correlated morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects, resulted in more efficient interpretation of the salinity tolerance, identifying the candidate genes and to understand the salinity tolerance mechanism as a whole. The results of this study have a huge potential to improve the rice genotypes for salinity tolerance with the help of MAS and MABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Satasiya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanyam Patel
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritesh Patel
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Om Prakash Raigar
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushal Modha
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Vipul Parekh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Haimil Joshi
- Coastal Soil Salinity Research Station Danti-Umbharat, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Vipul Patel
- Regional Rice Research Station, Vyara, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Ankit Chaudhary
- Kishorbhai Institute of Agriculture Sciences and Research Centre, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Gujarat, India.
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Maulik Prajapati
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
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Mahapatra K, Mukherjee A, Suyal S, Dar MA, Bhagavatula L, Datta S. Regulation of chloroplast biogenesis, development, and signaling by endogenous and exogenous cues. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:167-183. [PMID: 38623168 PMCID: PMC11016055 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are one of the defining features in most plants, primarily known for their unique property to carry out photosynthesis. Besides this, chloroplasts are also associated with hormone and metabolite productions. For this, biogenesis and development of chloroplast are required to be synchronized with the seedling growth to corroborate the maximum rate of photosynthesis following the emergence of seedlings. Chloroplast biogenesis and development are dependent on the signaling to and from the chloroplast, which are in turn regulated by several endogenous and exogenous cues. Light and hormones play a crucial role in chloroplast maturation and development. Chloroplast signaling involves a coordinated two-way connection between the chloroplast and nucleus, termed retrograde and anterograde signaling, respectively. Anterograde and retrograde signaling are involved in regulation at the transcriptional level and downstream modifications and are modulated by several metabolic and external cues. The communication between chloroplast and nucleus is essential for plants to develop strategies to cope with various stresses including high light or high heat. In this review, we have summarized several aspects of chloroplast development and its regulation through the interplay of various external and internal factors. We have also discussed the involvement of chloroplasts as sensors of various external environment stress factors including high light and temperature, and communicate via a series of retrograde signals to the nucleus, thus playing an essential role in plants' abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Mahapatra
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Arpan Mukherjee
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Shikha Suyal
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Mansoor Ali Dar
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | | | - Sourav Datta
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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Lim C, Kim Y, Shim Y, Cho SH, Yang TJ, Song YH, Kang K, Paek NC. Rice OsGATA16 is a positive regulator for chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:599-615. [PMID: 37902786 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are essential organelles in plants that contain chlorophylls and facilitate photosynthesis for growth and development. As photosynthetic efficiency significantly impacts crop productivity, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast development has been crucial in increasing grain and biomass production. This study demonstrates the involvement of OsGATA16, an ortholog of Arabidopsis GATA, NITRATE INDUCIBLE, CARBON-METABOLISM INVOLVED (GNC), and GNC-LIKE/CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 (GNL/CGA1), in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice (Oryza sativa). The osgata16-1 knockdown mutants produced pale-green leaves, while OsGATA16-overexpressed plants (OsGATA16-OE1) generated dark-green leaves, compared to their parental japonica rice. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR analysis revealed downregulation of genes related to chloroplast division, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis in the leaves of osgata16-1 and upregulation in those of OsGATA16-OE1. Additionally, in vivo binding assays showed that OsGATA16 directly binds to the promoter regions of OsHEMA, OsCHLH, OsPORA, OsPORB, and OsFtsZ, and upregulates their expression. These findings indicate that OsGATA16 serves as a positive regulator controlling chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaemyeong Lim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngoh Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Shim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Cho
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Xu Z. A Specific Protective Mechanism Against Chloroplast Photo-Reactive Oxygen Species in Phosphate-Starved Rice Plants. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300106. [PMID: 37409401 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (Pi) starvation prevents a good match between light energy absorption and photosynthetic carbon metabolism, generating photo-reactive oxygen species (photo-ROS) in chloroplasts. Plants have evolved to withstand photo-oxidative stress, but the key regulatory mechanism underlying it remains unclear. In rice (Oryza sativa), DEEP GREEN PANICLE1 (DGP1) is robustly up-regulated in response to Pi deficiency. DGP1 decreases the DNA-binding capacities of the transcriptional activators GLK1/2 on the photosynthetic genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, light harvesting, and electron transport. This Pi-starvation-induced mechanism dampens both electron transport rates through photosystem I and II (ETRI and ETRII) and thus mitigates the electron-excessive stress in mesophyll cells. Meanwhile, DGP1 hijacks glycolytic enzymes GAPC1/2/3, redirecting glucose metabolism toward the pentose phosphate pathway with superfluous NADPH production. Phenotypically, light irradiation induces O2 - production in Pi-starved WT leaves but is observably accelerated in dgp1 mutant and impaired in GAPCsRNAi and glk1glk2 lines. Interestingly, overexpressed DGP1 in rice caused hyposensitivity to ROS-inducers (catechin and methyl viologen), but the dgp1 mutant shows a similar inhibitory phenotype with the WT seedlings. Overall, the DGP1 gene serves as a specific antagonizer against photo-ROS in Pi-starved rice plants, which coordinates light-absorbing and anti-oxidative systems by orchestrating transcriptional and metabolic regulations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding, Guangzhou, 510000, China
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11
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Ying J, Wang Y, Xu L, Yao S, Wang K, Dong J, Ma Y, Wang L, Xie Y, Yan K, Li J, Liu L. RsGLK2.1-RsNF-YA9a module positively regulates the chlorophyll biosynthesis by activating RsHEMA2 in green taproot of radish. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111768. [PMID: 37343602 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an economically important and widely cultivated root vegetable crop. The coloration of the green skin and green flesh is an important trait influencing the nutrition and flavor quality in fruit radish. GOLDEN2-LIKEs (GLKs) play critically important roles in plastid development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying chlorophyll biosynthesis still remain elusive in green fruit radish taproot. Herein, the RsGLK2.1 gene exhibited higher expression level in taproot with a green skin (GS) and green flesh (GF) than that in taproot of the white or red radish genotypes. RsGLK2.1 is a nuclear transcription factor that has intrinsic transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of RsGLK2.1 increased the total chlorophyll content of 20.68%-45.84% in radish leaves. Knockout of the RsGLK2.1 gene via CRISPR/Cas9 technology resulted in a significant decrease in the chlorophyll content. Overexpression of the RsGLK2.1 gene could restore the phenotype of the glk1glk2 mutant Arabidopsis. RsGLK2.1 was participated in regulating the chlorophyll biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoter of RsHEMA2 and activating its transcription. The interaction of RsNF-YA9a with RsGLK2.1 increased the transcriptional activity of the downstream gene RsHEMA2 under the light condition rather than the dark condition, indicating that both of them regulate the chlorophyll biosynthesis in a light-dependent manner of radish. Overall, these results provided insights into the molecular framework of the RsGLK2.1-RsNF-YA9a module, and could facilitate dissecting the regulatory mechanism underlying chlorophyll biosynthesis in green taproot of radish, and genetic improvement of quality traits in fruit radish breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shuqi Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Junhui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yinbo Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Lun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Kang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jingxue Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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12
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Wu R, Guo L, Guo Y, Ma L, Xu K, Zhang B, Du L. The G2-Like gene family in Populus trichocarpa: identification, evolution and expression profiles. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:37. [PMID: 37403017 PMCID: PMC10320924 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golden2-like (GLK) transcription factors are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that perform extensive and significant roles in regulating chloroplast development. Here, genome-wide identification, classification, conserved motifs, cis-elements, chromosomal locations, evolution and expression patterns of the PtGLK genes in the woody model plant Populus trichocarpa were analyzed in detail. In total, 55 putative PtGLKs (PtGLK1-PtGLK55) were identified and divided into 11 distinct subfamilies according to the gene structure, motif composition and phylogenetic analysis. Synteny analysis showed that 22 orthologous pairs and highly conservation between regions of GLK genes across P. trichocarpa and Arabidopsis were identified. Furthermore, analysis of the duplication events and divergence times provided insight into the evolutionary patterns of GLK genes. The previously published transcriptome data indicated that PtGLK genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues and different stages. Additionally, several PtGLKs were significantly upregulated under the responses of cold stress, osmotic stress, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellic acid (GA) treatments, implying that they might take part in abiotic stress and phytohormone responses. Overall, our results provide comprehensive information on the PtGLK gene family and elucidate the potential functional characterization of PtGLK genes in P. trichocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lin Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yueyang Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lehang Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kehang Xu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Du
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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13
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Luo W, Tan J, Li T, Feng Z, Ding Z, Xie X, Chen Y, Chen L, Liu YG, Zhu Q, Guo J. Overexpression of maize GOLDEN2 in rice and maize calli improves regeneration by activating chloroplast development. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:340-349. [PMID: 35982378 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Golden2 (G2), a member of the GARP transcription factor superfamily, regulates several biological processes and phytohormone signaling pathways in plants. In this study, we used a rice codon-optimized maize G2 gene (rZmG2) to improve the regeneration efficiency of rice and maize calli for genetic transformation. We isolated a promoter driving strong and callus-specific expression from rice to drive rZmG2 transcription from a transgene after transformation of two indica and two japonica rice cultivars. The resulting rZmG2 transgenic calli turned green in advance at the differentiation stage, thus significantly raising the regeneration rates of the transgenic indica and japonica rice plants relative to control transformations. Similar effect of this gene on improving maize transformation was also observed. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR analyses showed that many rice genes related to chloroplast development and phytohormones are upregulated in rZmG2-transgenic calli. These results demonstrate that rZmG2 can promote embryogenic callus differentiation and improve regeneration efficiency by activating chloroplast development and phytohormone pathways. We also established a heat-inducible Cre/loxP-based gene-excision system to remove rZmG2 and the antibiotic selectable gene after obtaining the transgenic plants. This study provides a useful tool for functional genomics work and biotechnology in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanni Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziting Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianrong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuanling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jinxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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14
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Leister D. Enhancing the light reactions of photosynthesis: Strategies, controversies, and perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:4-22. [PMID: 35996755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is central to life on Earth, employing sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce chemical energy and oxygen. It is generally accepted that boosting its efficiency offers one promising way to increase crop yields under agronomically realistic conditions. Since the components, structure, and regulatory mechanisms of the light reactions of photosynthesis are well understood, concepts for enhancing the process have been suggested and partially tested. These approaches vary in complexity, from targeting single components to comprehensive redesign of the whole process on the scales from single cells or tissues to whole canopies. Attempts to enhance light utilization per leaf, by decreasing pigmentation, increasing levels of photosynthetic proteins, prolonging the lifespan of the photosynthetic machinery, or massive reconfiguration of the photosynthetic machinery and the incorporation of nanomaterials, are discussed in this review first. Secondly, strategies intended to optimize the acclimation of photosynthesis to changes in the environment are presented, including redesigning mechanisms to dissipate excess excitation energy (e.g., non-photochemical quenching) or reduction power (e.g., flavodiiron proteins). Moreover, schemes for improving acclimation, inspired by natural or laboratory-induced adaptation, are introduced. However, all these endeavors are still in an early exploratory phase and/or have not resulted in the desired outcome, largely because photosynthesis is embedded within large networks of closely interacting cellular and metabolic processes, which can vary among species and even cultivars. This explains why integrated, systems-wide approaches are required to achieve the breakthroughs required for effectively increasing crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Martinsried-Planegg, D-82152 Munich, Germany.
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15
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Li X, Lin F, Li C, Du L, Liu Z, Shi W, Lv J, Cao X, Lan Y, Fan Y, Zhou Y, Zhou T. Golden 2-like transcription factor contributes to the major QTL against rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4233-4243. [PMID: 36100693 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A major resistance QTL was identified on chromosome 6 in rice variety Wuke; both overexpression and knockdown experiments confirmed that OsGLK1 is the candidate gene for association with Rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease. Rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease is one of the most destructive rice viral diseases in China and East Asia. Progress has been limited in RBSDVD resistance breeding due to inadequate knowledge on the underlying functional genes. In this study, a major QTL for RBSDV (rice black-streaked dwarf virus) independent of SBPH (small brown planthopper) resistance was mapped in a 1.8 Mb interval on chromosome 6 by using an F2:3 population originated from resistant rice variety Wuke. Representative transcripts within this region were analysed and three genes showing amino acid sequence variation in functional domains were selected for transformation. Overexpression experiments showed that one gene exhibited significant enhanced resistance compared to control lines, encoding protein involving Myb domain and probable transcription factor Golden 2-like1 (GLK1). Furthermore, OsGLK1 knockdown rice lines were investigated and the resistance ability was significantly declined without this gene compared to the wild type. Taken together, both overexpression and knockdown experiments strongly suggested that OsGLK1 plays an important role for RBSDV resistance and contributes to the major QTL. The study paves the way for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying RBSDVD resistance and the molecular markers associated with OsGLK1 may be used for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
- International Rice Research Institute and Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Joint Laboratory, NanjingJiangsu Province, 210014, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linlin Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianying Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Lan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongjian Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China.
- International Rice Research Institute and Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Joint Laboratory, NanjingJiangsu Province, 210014, China.
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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16
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Alam I, Manghwar H, Zhang H, Yu Q, Ge L. Identification of GOLDEN2-like transcription factor genes in soybeans and their role in regulating plant development and metal ion stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052659. [PMID: 36438095 PMCID: PMC9691782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Golden 2-Like (G2-like or GLK) transcription factors are essential for plant growth, development, and many stress responses as well as heavy metal stress. However, G2-like regulatory genes have not been studied in soybean. This study identified the genes for 130 G2-Like candidates' in the genome of Glycine max (soybean). These GLK genes were located on all 20 chromosomes, and several of them were segmentally duplicated. Most GLK family proteins are highly conserved in Arabidopsis and soybean and were classified into five major groups based on phylogenetic analysis. These GmGLK gene promoters share cis-acting elements involved in plant responses to abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, auxin signaling, low temperature, and biotic and abiotic stresses. RNA-seq expression data revealed that the GLK genes were classified into 12 major groups and differentially expressed in different tissues or organs. The co-expression network complex revealed that the GmGLK genes encode proteins involved in the interaction of genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis, circadian rhythms, and flowering regulation. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the expression profiles of eight GLK genes in response to cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) stress, with some GLK genes significantly induced by both Cd and Cu stress treatments, implying a functional role in defense responsiveness. Thus, we present a comprehensive perspective of the GLK genes in soybean and emphasize their important role in crop development and metal ion stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intikhab Alam
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hakim Manghwar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanyin Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianxia Yu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangfa Ge
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Niu XL, Li HL, Li R, Liu GS, Peng ZZ, Jia W, Ji X, Zhu HL, Zhu BZ, Grierson D, Giuliano G, Luo YB, Fu DQ. Transcription factor SlBEL2 interferes with GOLDEN2-LIKE and influences green shoulder formation in tomato fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:982-997. [PMID: 36164829 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play a crucial role in plant growth and fruit quality. However, the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast development are still poorly understood in fruits. In this study, we investigated the role of the transcription factor SlBEL2 (BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN 2) in fruit of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Phenotypic analysis of SlBEL2 overexpression (OE-SlBEL2) and SlBEL2 knockout (KO-SlBEL2) plants revealed that SlBEL2 has the function of inhibiting green shoulder formation in tomato fruits by affecting the development of fruit chloroplasts. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the expression of chloroplast-related genes such as SlGLK2 and SlLHCB1 changed significantly in the fruit of OE-SlBEL2 and KO-SlBEL2 plants. Further analysis showed that SlBEL2 could not only bind to the promoter of SlGLK2 to inhibit its transcription, but also interacted with the SlGLK2 protein to inhibit the transcriptional activity of SlGLK2 and its downstream target genes. SlGLK2 knockout (KO-SlGLK2) plants exhibited a complete absence of the green shoulder, which was consistent with the fruit phenotype of OE-SlBEL2 plants. SlBEL2 showed an expression gradient in fruits, in contrast with that reported for SlGLK2. In conclusion, our study reveals that SlBEL2 affects the formation of green shoulder in tomato fruits by negatively regulating the gradient expression of SlGLK2, thus providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of fruit green shoulder formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Niu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang-Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Peng
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wen Jia
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ben-Zhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Res. Ctr, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, 00123, Italy
| | - Yun-Bo Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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18
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Jan M, Liu Z, Rochaix JD, Sun X. Retrograde and anterograde signaling in the crosstalk between chloroplast and nucleus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:980237. [PMID: 36119624 PMCID: PMC9478734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.980237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is a complex cellular organelle that not only performs photosynthesis but also synthesizes amino acids, lipids, and phytohormones. Nuclear and chloroplast genetic activity are closely coordinated through signaling chains from the nucleus to chloroplast, referred to as anterograde signaling, and from chloroplast to the nucleus, named retrograde signaling. The chloroplast can act as an environmental sensor and communicates with other cell compartments during its biogenesis and in response to stress, notably with the nucleus through retrograde signaling to regulate nuclear gene expression in response to developmental cues and stresses that affect photosynthesis and growth. Although several components involved in the generation and transmission of plastid-derived retrograde signals and in the regulation of the responsive nuclear genes have been identified, the plastid retrograde signaling network is still poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge on multiple plastid retrograde signaling pathways, and on potential plastid signaling molecules. We also discuss the retrograde signaling-dependent regulation of nuclear gene expression within the frame of a multilayered network of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Jan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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19
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of G2-Like Transcription Factor Genes in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175491. [PMID: 36080259 PMCID: PMC9457811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
G2-like (GLK) transcription factors contribute significantly and extensively in regulating chloroplast growth and development in plants. This study investigated the genome-wide identification, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, promoter cis-elements, MCScanX, divergence times, and expression profile analysis of PeGLK genes in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). Overall, 78 putative PeGLKs (PeGLK1–PeGLK78) were identified and divided into 13 distinct subfamilies. Each subfamily contains members displaying similar gene structure and motif composition. By synteny analysis, 42 orthologous pairs and highly conserved microsynteny between regions of GLK genes across moso bamboo and maize were found. Furthermore, an analysis of the divergence times indicated that PeGLK genes had a duplication event around 15 million years ago (MYA) and a divergence happened around 38 MYA between PeGLK and ZmGLK. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that PeGLK genes presented distinct expression profiles in various tissues, and many members were highly expressed in leaves. Additionally, several PeGLKs were significantly up-regulated under cold stress, osmotic stress, and MeJA and GA treatment, implying that they have a likelihood of affecting abiotic stress and phytohormone responses in plants. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the moso bamboo GLK gene family, as well as elucidating the potential functional characterization of PeGLK genes.
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Zheng S, Dong J, Lu J, Li J, Jiang D, Yu H, Ye S, Bu W, Liu Z, Zhou H, Ding Y, Zhuang C. A cytosolic pentatricopeptide repeat protein is essential for tapetal plastid development by regulating OsGLK1 transcript levels in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1678-1695. [PMID: 35306663 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most plant pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins localize to and function inside plastids and mitochondria. However, the function of PPRs that only localize to the cytoplasm remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the rice (Oryza sativa) PPR protein CYTOPLASM-LOCALIZED PPR1 (OsCPPR1) contributes to pollen development and localizes to the cytoplasm. Knocking down OsCPPR1 led to abnormal plastid development in tapetal cells, prolonged tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and tapetum degradation, and significantly reduced pollen fertility. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the transcript level of OsGOLDEN-LIKE1 (OsGLK1), which encodes a transcription factor that regulates plastid development and maintenance, was significantly higher in the OsCPPR1 knockdown plants compared to wild-type plants. We further determined that OsCPPR1 downregulates OsGLK1 transcription by directly binding to the single-stranded regions of OsGLK1 mRNAs. Overexpression of OsGLK1 resulted in abnormal tapetum and plastid development, similar to that seen in OsCPPR1 knockdown plants, and suppression of OsGLK1 partially restored pollen fertility in the OsCPPR1 knockdown plants. We therefore conclude that OsCPPR1 suppresses OsGLK1 in the regulation of plastid development and PCD in the tapetum. Our work revealed novel functions for a cytosolic PPR, demonstrating the diverse roles of PPRs in plants and identifying a new regulatory mechanism for regulating pollen development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingfang Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jingqin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dagang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haopeng Yu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Simiao Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenli Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yiliang Ding
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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21
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Mercado MA, Studer AJ. Meeting in the Middle: Lessons and Opportunities from Studying C 3-C 4 Intermediates. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:43-65. [PMID: 35231181 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of C3-C4 intermediate species nearly 50 years ago opened up a new avenue for studying the evolution of photosynthetic pathways. Intermediate species exhibit anatomical, biochemical, and physiological traits that range from C3 to C4. A key feature of C3-C4 intermediates that utilize C2 photosynthesis is the improvement in photosynthetic efficiency compared with C3 species. Although the recruitment of some core enzymes is shared across lineages, there is significant variability in gene expression patterns, consistent with models that suggest numerous evolutionary paths from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. Despite the many evolutionary trajectories, the recruitment of glycine decarboxylase for C2 photosynthesis is likely required. As technologies enable high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping, the discovery of new C3-C4 intermediates species will enrich comparisons between evolutionary lineages. The investigation of C3-C4 intermediate species will enhance our understanding of photosynthetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes and will potentially aid in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony J Studer
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA; ,
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22
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Wang L, Tang X, Zhang S, Xie X, Li M, Liu Y, Wang S. Tea GOLDEN2- LIKE genes enhance catechin biosynthesis through activating R2R3-MYB transcription factor. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac117. [PMID: 35937860 PMCID: PMC9347013 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of catechins, a major type of flavonoids accumulated in tea, is mediated by developmental cues and environmental stimuli. Light enhances but shading treatment reduces catechin accumulation in tea leaves. However, the transcription factors involved in light-mediated catechin biosynthesis remain to be identified. Two GOLDEN2 LIKE genes from tea plant (CsGLK1 and CsGLK2) were isolated and characterized in both tomato and tea plants. Transcripts of both CsGLK1 and CsGLK2 were affected by light intensity in tea plants. Overexpression of CsGLK1 and CsGLK2 promoted chloroplast development and carotenoid accumulation in tomato fruits. An integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach revealed that both catechin content and related biosynthetic genes were upregulated in CsGLK-overexpressing tomato leaves. Our further studies in tea plants indicated that CsGLKs directly regulate the transcription of CsMYB5b, a transcription factor involved in catechin biosynthesis. Suppression of CsGLKs in tea leaves led to the reduction of both CsMYB5b expression and catechin accumulation. Taken together, the results show that CsGLKs are involved in light-regulated catechin accumulation in tea plants by regulating expression of CsMYB5b and have great potential for enhancing the accumulation of both carotenoids and flavonoids in fruits of horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuan Wang
- School of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - Xiang Xie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - Mengfei Li
- School of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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23
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Fujii S, Kobayashi K, Lin YC, Liu YC, Nakamura Y, Wada H. Impacts of phosphatidylglycerol on plastid gene expression and light induction of nuclear photosynthetic genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2952-2970. [PMID: 35560187 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the only major phospholipid in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. PG is essential for photosynthesis, and loss of PG in Arabidopsis thaliana results in severe defects of growth and chloroplast development, with decreased chlorophyll accumulation, impaired thylakoid formation, and down-regulation of photosynthesis-associated genes encoded in nuclear and plastid genomes. However, how the absence of PG affects gene expression and plant growth remains unclear. To elucidate this mechanism, we investigated transcriptional profiles of a PG-deficient Arabidopsis mutant pgp1-2 under various light conditions. Microarray analysis demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive genes were up-regulated in pgp1-2. However, ROS production was not enhanced in the mutant even under strong light, indicating limited impacts of photooxidative stress on the defects of pgp1-2. Illumination to dark-adapted pgp1-2 triggered down-regulation of photosynthesis-associated nuclear-encoded genes (PhANGs), while plastid-encoded genes were constantly suppressed. Overexpression of GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (GLK1), a transcription factor gene regulating chloroplast development, in pgp1-2 up-regulated PhANGs but not plastid-encoded genes along with chlorophyll accumulation. Our data suggest a broad impact of PG biosynthesis on nuclear-encoded genes partially via GLK1 and a specific involvement of this lipid in plastid gene expression and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Fujii
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ying-Chen Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of G2-like Transcription Factor Genes and Their Role in Development and Abiotic Stresses in Arabidopsis. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors are a subfamily of GARP family transcription factors, which play an essential function in plant growth and development as well as stress response during abiotic and biotic stress conditions. This study reports GLK genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome in-depth and identified 55 AtGLK genes in the Arabidopsis genome. Phylogenetic analyses resolved these GLK gene clusters into seven groups. A Ka/Ks ratios analysis indicated that they had experienced purifying selection. Many essential cis elements are present in the promoter regions of AtGLK genes associated with plant hormones, light, and stress. The expression profile from RNA-Seq data revealed that 29.1% of them had relatively high expression in all tested tissues or organs, indicating their crucial housekeeping function in plant growth and development. However, many other GLK members were selectively expressed in particular tissues or organs. In silico study of the transcriptional regulation of AtGLKs indicated that it is strongly regulated by cold, drought, osmotic, salt, and metal ion stressors. Our research provides essential information for the functional studies of each GLK gene in different species in the future.
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25
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Cackett L, Luginbuehl LH, Schreier TB, Lopez-Juez E, Hibberd JM. Chloroplast development in green plant tissues: the interplay between light, hormone, and transcriptional regulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2000-2016. [PMID: 34729790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are best known for their role in photosynthesis, but they also allow nitrogen and sulphur assimilation, amino acid, fatty acid, nucleotide and hormone synthesis. How chloroplasts develop is therefore relevant to these diverse and fundamental biological processes, but also to attempts at their rational redesign. Light is strictly required for chloroplast formation in all angiosperms and directly regulates the expression of hundreds of chloroplast-related genes. Light also modulates the levels of several hormones including brassinosteriods, cytokinins, auxins and gibberellins, which themselves control chloroplast development particularly during early stages of plant development. Transcription factors such as GOLDENLIKE1&2 (GLK1&2), GATA NITRATE-INDUCIBLE CARBON METABOLISM-INVOLVED (GNC) and CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 (CGA1) act downstream of both light and phytohormone signalling to regulate chloroplast development. Thus, in green tissues transcription factors, light signalling and hormone signalling form a complex network regulating the transcription of chloroplast- and photosynthesis-related genes to control the development and number of chloroplasts per cell. We use this conceptual framework to identify points of regulation that could be harnessed to modulate chloroplast abundance and increase photosynthetic efficiency of crops, and to highlight future avenues to overcome gaps in current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Cackett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Leonie H Luginbuehl
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Tina B Schreier
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Enrique Lopez-Juez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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Wang ZY, Zhao S, Liu JF, Zhao HY, Sun XY, Wu TR, Pei T, Wang Y, Liu QF, Yang HH, Zhang H, Jiang JB, Li JF, Zhao TT, Xu XY. Genome-wide identification of Tomato Golden 2-Like transcription factors and abiotic stress related members screening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:82. [PMID: 35196981 PMCID: PMC8864820 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golden 2-Like (G2-like) transcription factors play an important role in plant development. However, the roles of these G2-like regulatory genes in response to abiotic stresses in tomato are not well understood. RESULTS In this study, we identified 66 putative G2-like genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and classified them into 5 groups (I to V) according to gene structure, motif composition and phylogenetic analysis. The G2-like genes were unevenly distributed across all 12 chromosomes. There were nine pairs of duplicated gene segments and four tandem duplicated SlGlk genes. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) showed that the promoter regions of SlGlks contain many kinds of stress- and hormone-related CREs. Based on RNA-seq, SlGlks were expressed in response to three abiotic stresses. Thirty-six differentially expressed SlGlks were identified; these genes have multiple functions according to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and are enriched mainly in the zeatin biosynthesis pathway. Further studies exhibited that silencing SlGlk16 in tomato would reduce drought stress tolerance by earlier wilted, lower superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities, less Pro contents and more MDA contents. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of this study provide comprehensive information on G2-like transcription factors and G2-like genes that may be expressed in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jun-fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Hai-yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xu-ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Tai-ru Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Tong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Qi-feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Huan-huan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jing-bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jing-fu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Ting-ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Heilongjiang Province 150030 Harbin, P.R. China
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Yeh SY, Lin HH, Chang YM, Chang YL, Chang CK, Huang YC, Ho YW, Lin CY, Zheng JZ, Jane WN, Ng CY, Lu MY, Lai IL, To KY, Li WH, Ku MSB. Maize Golden2-like transcription factors boost rice chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and grain yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:442-459. [PMID: 34747472 PMCID: PMC9049120 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the sites for photosynthesis, and two Golden2-like factors act as transcriptional activators of chloroplast development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Rice OsGLK1 and OsGLK2 are orthologous to maize ZmGLK1 (ZmG1) and ZmGLK2 (ZmG2), respectively. However, while rice OsGLK1 and OsGLK2 act redundantly to regulate chloroplast development in mesophyll cells, maize ZmG1 and ZmG2 are functionally specialized and expressed in different cell-specific manners. To boost rice chloroplast development and photosynthesis, we generated transgenic rice plants overexpressing ZmG1 and ZmG2, individually or simultaneously, with constitutive promoters (pZmUbi::ZmG1 and p35S::ZmG2) or maize promoters (pZmG1::ZmG1, pZmG2::ZmG2, and pZmG1::ZmG1/pZmG2::ZmG2). Both ZmG1 and ZmG2 genes were highly expressed in transgenic rice leaves. Moreover, ZmG1 and ZmG2 showed coordinated expression in pZmG1::ZmG1/pZmG2::ZmG2 plants. All Golden2-like (GLK) transgenic plants had higher chlorophyll and protein contents, Rubisco activities and photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area in flag leaves. However, the highest grain yields occurred when maize promoters were used; pZmG1::ZmG1, pZmG2::ZmG2, and pZmG1::ZmG1/pZmG2::ZmG2 transgenic plants showed increases in grain yield by 51%, 47%, and 70%, respectively. In contrast, the pZmUbi::ZmG1 plant produced smaller seeds without yield increases. Transcriptome analysis indicated that maize GLKs act as master regulators promoting the expression of both photosynthesis-related and stress-responsive regulatory genes in both rice shoot and root. Thus, by promoting these important functions under the control of their own promoters, maize GLK1 and GLK2 genes together dramatically improved rice photosynthetic performance and productivity. A similar approach can potentially improve the productivity of many other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yao-Ming Chang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- Department of Bioagricultural Science, National
Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kang Chang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cin Huang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Ho
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yin Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ze Zheng
- Department of Bioagricultural Science, National
Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yeung Ng
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yeh Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lai
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National
Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912,
Taiwan
| | - Kin-Ying To
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Jeong YS, Choi H, Kim JK, Baek SA, You MK, Lee D, Lim SH, Ha SH. Overexpression of OsMYBR22/OsRVE1 transcription factor simultaneously enhances chloroplast-dependent metabolites in rice grains. Metab Eng 2022; 70:89-101. [PMID: 35032672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The OsMYBR22 (same to OsRVE1), an R1type-MYB transcription factor belonging to the rice CCA1-like family, was upregulated under blue light condition, which enhanced the chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. The overexpression of OsMYBR22 in rice (Oryza sativa, L) led to everlasting green seeds and leaves of a darker green. Transgene expression patterns showed more concordance with chlorophyll than carotenoid profiles. The transcript levels of most genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation examined were similarly repressed in the late maturing stages of seeds. It proposed that rice seeds have the feedback regulatory mechanism for chlorophyll biosynthesis and also implied that evergreen seed traits might be caused due to the inhibition of degradation rather than the promotion of biosynthesis for chlorophylls. Metabolomics revealed that OsMYBR22 overexpression largely and simultaneously enhanced the contents of nutritional and functional metabolites such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, amino acids including lysine and threonine, and amino acid derivatives including γ-aminobutyric acid, which are mostly biosynthesized in chloroplasts. Transmission electron microscopy anatomically demonstrated greener phenotypes with an increase in the number and thickness of chloroplasts in leaves and the structurally retentive chloroplasts in tubular and cross cells of the seed inner pericarp region. In conclusion, the molecular actions of OsMYBR22/OsRVE1 provided a new strategy for the biofortified rice variety, an "Evergreen Rice," with high accumulation of chloroplast-localized metabolites in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sol Jeong
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebak Choi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung You
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Yang H, Li P, Jin G, Gui D, Liu L, Zhang C. Temporal regulation of alternative splicing events in rice memory under drought stress. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:116-125. [PMID: 35281128 PMCID: PMC8897166 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant adaptation to drought stress is essential for plant survival and crop yield. Recently, harnessing drought memory, which is induced by repeated stress and recovery cycles, was suggested as a means to improve drought resistance at the transcriptional level. However, the genetic mechanism underlying drought memory is unclear. Here, we carried out a quantitative analysis of alternative splicing (AS) events in rice memory under drought stress, generating 12 transcriptome datasets. Notably, we identified exon skipping (ES) as the predominant AS type (>80%) in differential alternative splicing (DAS) in response to drought stress. Applying our analysis pipeline to investigate DAS events following drought stress in six other plant species revealed variable ES frequencies ranging from 9.94% to 60.70% depending on the species, suggesting that the relative frequency of DAS types in plants is likely to be species-specific. The dinucleotide sequence at AS splice sites in rice following drought stress was preferentially GC-AG and AT-AC. Since U12-type splicing uses the AT-AC site, this suggests that drought stress may increase U12-type splicing, and thus increase ES frequency. We hypothesize that multiple isoforms derived from exon skipping may be induced by drought stress in rice. We also identified 20 transcription factors and three highly connected hub genes with potential roles in drought memory that may be good targets for plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Guihua Jin
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daping Gui
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Li Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Corresponding author. Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Haiyan Engineering & Technology Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Corresponding author. Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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Liu Z, Xiong T, Zhao Y, Qiu B, Chen H, Kang X, Yang J. Genome-wide characterization and analysis of Golden 2-Like transcription factors related to leaf chlorophyll synthesis in diploid and triploid Eucalyptus urophylla. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952877. [PMID: 35968152 PMCID: PMC9366356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Golden 2-Like (GLK) transcription factors play a crucial role in chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis in many plant taxa. To date, no systematic analysis of GLK transcription factors in tree species has been conducted. In this study, 40 EgrGLK genes in the Eucalyptus grandis genome were identified and divided into seven groups based on the gene structure and motif composition. The EgrGLK genes were mapped to 11 chromosomes and the distribution of genes on chromosome was uneven. Phylogenetic analysis of GLK proteins between E. grandis and other species provided information for the high evolutionary conservation of GLK genes among different species. Prediction of cis-regulatory elements indicated that the EgrGLK genes were involved in development, light response, and hormone response. Based on the finding that the content of chlorophyll in mature leaves was the highest, and leaf chlorophyll content of triploid Eucalyptus urophylla was higher than that of the diploid control, EgrGLK expression pattern in leaves of triploid and diploid E. urophylla was examined by means of transcriptome analysis. Differential expression of EgrGLK genes in leaves of E. urophylla of different ploidies was consistent with the trend in chlorophyll content. To further explore the relationship between EgrGLK expression and chlorophyll synthesis, co-expression networks were generated, which indicated that EgrGLK genes may have a positive regulatory relationship with chlorophyll synthesis. In addition, three EgrGLK genes that may play an important role in chlorophyll synthesis were identified in the co-expression networks. And the prediction of miRNAs targeting EgrGLK genes showed that miRNAs might play an important role in the regulation of EgrGLK gene expression. This research provides valuable information for further functional characterization of GLK genes in Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Guangxi Dongmen Forest Farm, Chongzuo, China
| | | | - Bingfa Qiu
- Guangxi Dongmen Forest Farm, Chongzuo, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Yang,
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Zhao Z, Shuang J, Li Z, Xiao H, Liu Y, Wang T, Wei Y, Hu S, Wan S, Peng R. Identification of the Golden-2-like transcription factors gene family in Gossypium hirsutum. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12484. [PMID: 34820202 PMCID: PMC8603818 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Golden2-Like (GLK) transcription factors are a type of transcriptional regulator in plants. They play a pivotal role in the plant physiological activity process and abiotic stress response. Methods In this study, the potential function of GLK family genes in Gossypium hirsutum was studied based on genomic identification, phylogenetic analysis, chromosome mapping and cis-regulatory elements prediction. Gene expression of nine key genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR experiments. Results Herein, we identified a total of 146 GhGLK genes in Gossypium hirsutum, which were unevenly distributed on each of the chromosomes. There were significant differences in the number and location of genes between the At sub-genome and the Dt sub-genome. According to the phylogenetic analysis, they were divided into ten subgroups, each of which had very similar number and structure of exons and introns. Some cis-regulatory elements were identified through promoter analysis, including five types of elements related to abiotic stress response, five types of elements related to phytohormone and five types of elements involved in growth and development. Based on public transcriptome data analysis, we identified nine key GhGLKs involved in salt, cold, and drought stress. The qRT-PCR results showed that these genes had different expression patterns under these stress conditions, suggesting that GhGLK genes played an important role in abiotic stress response. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the screening and functional verification of genes related to stress resistance of GLK gene family in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiaran Shuang
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoguo Li
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Wei
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Shoulin Hu
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sumei Wan
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
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Cui H. Challenges and Approaches to Crop Improvement Through C3-to-C4 Engineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715391. [PMID: 34594351 PMCID: PMC8476962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With a rapidly growing world population and dwindling natural resources, we are now facing the enormous challenge of increasing crop yields while simultaneously improving the efficiency of resource utilization. Introduction of C4 photosynthesis into C3 crops is widely accepted as a key strategy to meet this challenge because C4 plants are more efficient than C3 plants in photosynthesis and resource usage, particularly in hot climates, where the potential for productivity is high. Lending support to the feasibility of this C3-to-C4 engineering, evidence indicates that C4 photosynthesis has evolved from C3 photosynthesis in multiple lineages. Nevertheless, C3-to-C4 engineering is not an easy task, as several features essential to C4 photosynthesis must be introduced into C3 plants. One such feature is the spatial separation of the two phases of photosynthesis (CO2 fixation and carbohydrate synthesis) into the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, respectively. Another feature is the Kranz anatomy, characterized by a close association between the mesophyll and bundle sheath (BS) cells (1:1 ratio). These anatomical features, along with a C4-specific carbon fixation enzyme (PEPC), form a CO2-concentration mechanism that ensures a high photosynthetic efficiency. Much effort has been taken in the past to introduce the C4 mechanism into C3 plants, but none of these attempts has met with success, which is in my opinion due to a lack of system-level understanding and manipulation of the C3 and C4 pathways. As a prerequisite for the C3-to-C4 engineering, I propose that not only the mechanisms that control the Kranz anatomy and cell-type-specific expression in C3 and C4 plants must be elucidated, but also a good understanding of the gene regulatory network underlying C3 and C4 photosynthesis must be achieved. In this review, I first describe the past and current efforts to increase photosynthetic efficiency in C3 plants and their limitations; I then discuss a systems approach to tackling down this challenge, some practical issues, and recent technical innovations that would help us to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Cui
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- College of Life Science, Northwest Science University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, China
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Taketa S, Hattori M, Takami T, Himi E, Sakamoto W. Mutations in a�Golden2-Like�Gene Cause Reduced Seed Weight in�Barley�albino lemma 1�Mutants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:447-457. [PMID: 33439257 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The albino lemma 1 (alm1) mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) exhibit obvious chlorophyll-deficient hulls. Hulls are seed-enclosing tissues on the spike, consisting of the lemma and palea. The alm1 phenotype is also expressed in the pericarp, culm nodes and basal leaf sheaths, but leaf blades and awns are normal green. A single recessive nuclear gene controls tissue-specific alm1 phenotypic expression. Positional cloning revealed that the ALM1 gene encodes a Golden 2-like (GLK) transcription factor, HvGLK2, belonging to the GARP subfamily of Myb transcription factors. This finding was validated by genetic evidence indicating that all 10 alm1 mutants studied had a lesion in functionally important regions of HvGLK2, including the three alpha-helix domains, an AREAEAA motif and the GCT box. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that, in lemmas of the alm1.g mutant, the chloroplasts lacked thylakoid membranes, instead of stacked thylakoid grana in wild-type chloroplasts. Compared with wild type, alm1.g plants showed similar levels of leaf photosynthesis but reduced spike photosynthesis by 34%. The alm1.g mutant and the alm1.a mutant showed a reduction in 100-grain weight by 15.8% and 23.1%, respectively. As in other plants, barley has HvGLK2 and a paralog, HvGLK1. In flag leaves and awns, HvGLK2 and HvGLK1 are expressed at moderate levels, but in hulls, HvGLK1 expression was barely detectable compared with HvGLK2. Barley alm1/Hvglk2 mutants exhibit more severe phenotypes than glk2 mutants of other plant species reported to date. The severe alm1 phenotypic expression in multiple tissues indicates that HvGLK2 plays some roles that are nonredundant with HvGLK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Taketa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Momoko Hattori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Takami
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Eiko Himi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
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Choi H, Yi T, Ha SH. Diversity of Plastid Types and Their Interconversions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692024. [PMID: 34220916 PMCID: PMC8248682 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are pivotal subcellular organelles that have evolved to perform specialized functions in plant cells, including photosynthesis and the production and storage of metabolites. They come in a variety of forms with different characteristics, enabling them to function in a diverse array of organ/tissue/cell-specific developmental processes and with a variety of environmental signals. Here, we have comprehensively reviewed the distinctive roles of plastids and their transition statuses, according to their features. Furthermore, the most recent understanding of their regulatory mechanisms is highlighted at both transcriptional and post-translational levels, with a focus on the greening and non-greening phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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Zhang C, Zhang J, Tang Y, Liu K, Liu Y, Tang J, Zhang T, Yu H. DEEP GREEN PANICLE1 suppresses GOLDEN2-LIKE activity to reduce chlorophyll synthesis in rice glumes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:469-477. [PMID: 33721900 PMCID: PMC8133608 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation mechanisms of photosynthesis is key to improving its efficiency and, ultimately, crop yield. In this study, we report that DEEP GREEN PANICLE1 (DGP1) is involved in photosynthesis regulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We identified the dgp1 mutant, which has increased chlorophyll content in glumes. The mutated gene was isolated by map-based cloning. Knockout plants, generated using a gene editing approach, mimic the phenotype of dgp1. Overexpression of DGP1 leads to chlorotic leaves and glumes. DGP1 is a plant-specific protein with a conserved TIGR01589 domain. The expression of DGP1 was detected in green tissues and is induced by light. Moreover, genes involved in key steps of chlorophyll synthesis are upregulated in the glumes of dgp1. Importantly, we found that DGP1 interacts with the rice proteins GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (OsGLK1) and GOLDEN2-LIKE2 (OsGLK2), the two transcription factors involved in the regulation of photosynthesis. Transactivation assays showed that DGP1 represses the activation activity of OsGLK1 on its target genes. Our results demonstrate that DGP1 is a repressor of OsGLK activity and thus photosynthesis in rice. Manipulation of this gene and its homologs in other crops may provide new approaches for high photosynthetic efficiency breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | | | - Jiaqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hengxiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Author for communication:
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Gajecka M, Marzec M, Chmielewska B, Jelonek J, Zbieszczyk J, Szarejko I. Changes in plastid biogenesis leading to the formation of albino regenerants in barley microspore culture. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:22. [PMID: 33413097 PMCID: PMC7792217 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microspore embryogenesis is potentially the most effective method of obtaining doubled haploids (DH) which are utilized in breeding programs to accelerate production of new cultivars. However, the regeneration of albino plants significantly limits the exploitation of androgenesis for DH production in cereals. Despite many efforts, the precise mechanisms leading to development of albino regenerants have not yet been elucidated. The objective of this study was to reveal the genotype-dependent molecular differences in chloroplast differentiation that lead to the formation of green and albino regenerants in microspore culture of barley. RESULTS We performed a detailed analysis of plastid differentiation at successive stages of androgenesis in two barley cultivars, 'Jersey' and 'Mercada' that differed in their ability to produce green regenerants. We demonstrated the lack of transition from the NEP-dependent to PEP-dependent transcription in plastids of cv. 'Mercada' that produced mostly albino regenerants in microspore culture. The failed NEP-to-PEP transition was associated with the lack of activity of Sig2 gene encoding a sigma factor necessary for transcription of plastid rRNA genes. A very low level of 16S and 23S rRNA transcripts and impaired plastid translation machinery resulted in the inhibition of photomorphogenesis in regenerating embryos and albino regenerants. Furthermore, the plastids present in differentiating 'Mercada' embryos contained a low number of plastome copies whose replication was not always completed. Contrary to 'Mercada', cv. 'Jersey' that produced 90% green regenerants, showed the high activity of PEP polymerase, the highly increased expression of Sig2, plastid rRNAs and tRNAGlu, which indicated the NEP inhibition. The increased expression of GLKs genes encoding transcription factors required for induction of photomorphogenesis was also observed in 'Jersey' regenerants. CONCLUSIONS Proplastids present in microspore-derived embryos of albino-producing genotypes did not pass the early checkpoints of their development that are required for induction of further light-dependent differentiation of chloroplasts. The failed activation of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase during differentiation of embryos was associated with the genotype-dependent inability to regenerate green plants in barley microspore culture. The better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying formation of albino regenerants may be helpful in overcoming the problem of albinism in cereal androgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gajecka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Marek Marzec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Beata Chmielewska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Janusz Jelonek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Justyna Zbieszczyk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
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Li H, Zhou Z, Hua H, Ma W. Comparative transcriptome analysis of defense response of rice to Nilaparvata lugens and Chilo suppressalis infestation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2270-2285. [PMID: 32971164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis) are two of the most devastating insect pests in rice, causing significant losses of rice yield. Plants evolve multiple defense responses in the process of coexisting with pests. According to different pest infestation, the plants selectively activate related pathways and downstream gene expression. However, there are very few reports of differences in defense signaling pathways after rice was attacked by BPH or SSB. We determined the transcriptional responses of rice infested with BPH and SSB for 3 and 6 h using Illumina sequencing. By comparing the difference in gene changes caused by BPH and SSB infestation in rice, multiple signal pathways and gene expression patterns, including phytohormones, secondary metabolites, plant-pathogen interaction, reactive oxygen species, defense response, transcription factors, protease inhibitor and chitinase were found significantly different. Our results provide a basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism of rice defense response caused by BPH and SSB infestation, which will add to further understanding the interactions between plants and insects, and could provide valuable resources that could be applied in insect-resistant crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zaihui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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38
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Bianchetti R, De Luca B, de Haro LA, Rosado D, Demarco D, Conte M, Bermudez L, Freschi L, Fernie AR, Michaelson LV, Haslam RP, Rossi M, Carrari F. Phytochrome-Dependent Temperature Perception Modulates Isoprenoid Metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:869-882. [PMID: 32409479 PMCID: PMC7333726 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Changes in environmental temperature influence many aspects of plant metabolism; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In addition to their role in light perception, phytochromes (PHYs) have been recently recognized as temperature sensors affecting plant growth. In particular, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), high temperature reversibly inactivates PHYB, reducing photomorphogenesis-dependent responses. Here, we show the role of phytochrome-dependent temperature perception in modulating the accumulation of isoprenoid-derived compounds in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves and fruits. The growth of tomato plants under contrasting temperature regimes revealed that high temperatures resulted in coordinated up-regulation of chlorophyll catabolic genes, impairment of chloroplast biogenesis, and reduction of carotenoid synthesis in leaves in a PHYB1B2-dependent manner. Furthermore, by assessing a triple phyAB1B2 mutant and fruit-specific PHYA- or PHYB2-silenced plants, we demonstrated that biosynthesis of the major tomato fruit carotenoid, lycopene, is sensitive to fruit-localized PHY-dependent temperature perception. The collected data provide compelling evidence concerning the impact of PHY-mediated temperature perception on plastid metabolism in both leaves and fruit, specifically on the accumulation of isoprenoid-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bianchetti
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Belen De Luca
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A de Haro
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniele Rosado
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mariana Conte
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria). Hurlingham, 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luisa Bermudez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria). Hurlingham, 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm D-14476, Germany
| | - Louise V Michaelson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
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39
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Alam R, Hummel M, Yeung E, Locke AM, Ignacio JCI, Baltazar MD, Jia Z, Ismail AM, Septiningsih EM, Bailey‐Serres J. Flood resilience loci SUBMERGENCE 1 and ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 interact in seedlings established underwater. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00240. [PMID: 32775950 PMCID: PMC7403837 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crops with resilience to multiple climatic stresses are essential for increased yield stability. Here, we evaluate the interaction between two loci associated with flooding survival in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 (AG1), encoding trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase 7 (TPP7), promotes mobilization of endosperm reserves to enhance the elongation of a hollow coleoptile in seeds that are seeded directly into shallow paddies. SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1), encoding the ethylene-responsive transcription factor SUB1A-1, confers tolerance to complete submergence by dampening carbohydrate catabolism, to enhance recovery upon desubmergence. Interactions between AG1/TPP7 and SUB1/SUB1A-1 were investigated under three flooding scenarios using four near-isogenic lines by surveying growth and survival. Pyramiding of the two loci does not negatively affect anaerobic germination or vegetative-stage submergence tolerance. However, the pyramided AG1 SUB1 genotype displays reduced survival when seeds are planted underwater and maintained under submergence for 16 d. To better understand the roles of TPP7 and SUB1A-1 and their interaction, temporal changes in carbohydrates and shoot transcriptomes were monitored in the four genotypes varying at the two loci at four developmental timeponts, from day 2 after seeding through day 14 of complete submergence. TPP7 enhances early coleoptile elongation, whereas SUB1A-1 promotes precocious photoautotrophy and then restricts underwater elongation. By contrast, pyramiding of the AG1 and SUB1 slows elongation growth, the transition to photoautotrophy, and survival. mRNA-sequencing highlights time-dependent and genotype-specific regulation of mRNAs associated with DNA repair, cell cycle, chromatin modification, plastid biogenesis, carbohydrate catabolism and transport, elongation growth, and other processes. These results suggest that interactions between AG1/TPP7 and SUB1/SUB1A-1 could impact seedling establishment if paddy depth is not effectively managed after direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejbana Alam
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Maureen Hummel
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Elaine Yeung
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Anna M. Locke
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
- Present address:
Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research UnitUSDA‐ARSRaleighNCUSA
| | | | - Miriam D. Baltazar
- Department of Biological SciencesCavite State UniversityIndangPhilippines
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | | | - Endang M. Septiningsih
- International Rice Research InstituteMetro ManilaPhilippines
- Present address:
Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Julia Bailey‐Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
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40
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Duan L, Ruiz-Sola MÁ, Couso A, Veciana N, Monte E. Red and blue light differentially impact retrograde signalling and photoprotection in rice. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190402. [PMID: 32362254 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling (RS) is known to impact plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis, we and others have shown that RS affects seedling establishment by inhibiting deetiolation. In the presence of lincomycin, a chloroplast protein synthesis inhibitor that triggers RS, Arabidopsis light-grown seedlings display partial skotomorphogenesis with undeveloped plastids and closed cotyledons. By contrast, RS in monocotyledonous has been much less studied. Here, we show that emerging rice seedlings exposed to lincomycin do not accumulate chlorophyll but otherwise remain remarkably unaffected. However, by using high red (R) and blue (B) monochromatic lights in combination with lincomycin, we have uncovered a RS inhibition of length and a reduction in the B light-induced declination of the second leaf. Furthermore, we present data showing that seedlings grown in high B and R light display different non-photochemical quenching capacity. Our findings support the view that excess B and R light impact seedling photomorphogenesis differently to photoprotect and optimize the response to high-light stress. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Duan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Águila Ruiz-Sola
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Couso
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nil Veciana
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Liu X, Li L, Zhang B, Zeng L, Li L. AhHDA1-mediated AhGLK1 promoted chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis regulates recovery growth of peanut leaves after water stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110461. [PMID: 32234234 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop that is adversely affected by drought. Post-drought growth is essential for improving peanut productivity and quality. Previous studies demonstrated that AhGLK1 (Arachis hypogaea L. Golden2-like 1) activates the expression of AhPORA to stimulate chlorophyll biosynthesis, and that AhGLK1 physically interacts with AhHDA1 (Arachis hypogaea L. histone deacetylase 1). However, the roles of the AhGLK1/AhHDA1 interaction in post-drought recovery remain to be elucidated. Herein, we report that AhHDA1 binds to AhGLK1 promoter and alters histone deacetylation levels to inhibit AhGLK1 expression. RNA-seq confirms that chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis-related genes are induced in AhGLK1-overexpressing, but reduced in AhGLK1 RNAi hairy roots. Furthermore, ChIP-seq shows that AhCAB (Arachis hypogaea L. chlorophyll A/B binding protein) is a target of both AhHDA1 and AhGLK1. Transactivation assays reveal that AhGLK1 activates AhCAB expression, while AhHDA1 inhibits the effect of AhGLK1 on AhCAB and AhPORA transcription. ChIP-qPCR shows that AhHDA1 and AhGLK1 bind to the promoters of AhCAB and AhPORA to regulate their expression during water stress and recovery. We propose that AhHDA1 and AhGLK1 consist of an ON/OFF switch for AhCAB and AhPORA expression during water stress and recovery. AhGLK1 activates, whereas AhHDA1 suppresses the expression of AhCAB and AhPORA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Limei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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42
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Abstract
C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently from ancestral C3 photosynthesis in a broad range of flowering land plant families and in both monocots and dicots. The evolution of C4 photosynthesis entails the recruitment of enzyme activities that are not involved in photosynthetic carbon fixation in C3 plants to photosynthesis. This requires a different regulation of gene expression as well as a different regulation of enzyme activities in comparison to the C3 context. Further, C4 photosynthesis relies on a distinct leaf anatomy that differs from that of C3, requiring a differential regulation of leaf development in C4. We summarize recent progress in the understanding of C4-specific features in evolution and metabolic regulation in the context of C4 photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urte Schlüter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; ,
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; ,
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43
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Kusano M, Fukushima A, Tabuchi-Kobayashi M, Funayama K, Kojima S, Maruyama K, Yamamoto YY, Nishizawa T, Kobayashi M, Wakazaki M, Sato M, Toyooka K, Osanai-Kondo K, Utsumi Y, Seki M, Fukai C, Saito K, Yamaya T. Cytosolic GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE1;1 Modulates Metabolism and Chloroplast Development in Roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1894-1909. [PMID: 32024696 PMCID: PMC7140926 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient, and the final form of endogenous inorganic N is ammonium, which is assimilated by Gln synthetase (GS) into Gln. However, how the multiple isoforms of cytosolic GSs contribute to metabolic systems via the regulation of ammonium assimilation remains unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of two rice (Oryza sativa) cytosolic GSs, namely OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2, on central metabolism in roots using reverse genetics, metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling, and network analyses. We observed (1) abnormal sugar and organic N accumulation and (2) significant up-regulation of genes associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis in the roots of Osgs1;1 but not Osgs1;2 knockout mutants. Network analysis of the Osgs1;1 mutant suggested that metabolism of Gln was coordinated with the metabolic modules of sugar metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and carbon fixation. Transcript profiling of Osgs1;1 mutant roots revealed that expression of the rice sigma-factor (OsSIG) genes in the mutants were transiently upregulated. GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factor-encoding genes, which are involved in chloroplast biogenesis in rice, could not compensate for the lack of OsSIGs in the Osgs1;1 mutant. Microscopic analysis revealed mature chloroplast development in Osgs1;1 roots but not in the roots of Osgs1;2, Osgs1;2-complemented lines, or the wild type. Thus, organic N assimilated by OsGS1;1 affects a broad range of metabolites and transcripts involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and plastid development in rice roots, whereas OsGS1;2 has a more specific role, affecting mainly amino acid homeostasis but not carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Kusano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Funayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-0845, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-0845, Japan
| | - Kyonoshin Maruyama
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Y Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kumiko Osanai-Kondo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Utsumi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chihaya Fukai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-0845, Japan
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Li X, Wang P, Li J, Wei S, Yan Y, Yang J, Zhao M, Langdale JA, Zhou W. Maize GOLDEN2-LIKE genes enhance biomass and grain yields in rice by improving photosynthesis and reducing photoinhibition. Commun Biol 2020; 3:151. [PMID: 32238902 PMCID: PMC7113295 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency is a major target for improvement of crop yield potential under agricultural field conditions. Inefficiencies can occur in many steps of the photosynthetic process, from chloroplast biogenesis to functioning of the light harvesting and carbon fixation reactions. Nuclear-encoded GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors regulate some of the earliest steps by activating target genes encoding chloroplast-localized and photosynthesis-related proteins. Here we show that constitutive expression of maize GLK genes in rice leads to enhanced levels of chlorophylls and pigment-protein antenna complexes, and that these increases lead to improved light harvesting efficiency via photosystem II in field-grown plants. Increased levels of xanthophylls further buffer the negative effects of photoinhibition under high or fluctuating light conditions by facilitating greater dissipation of excess absorbed energy as heat. Significantly, the enhanced photosynthetic capacity of field-grown transgenic plants resulted in increased carbohydrate levels and a 30–40% increase in both vegetative biomass and grain yield. Li et al. improve photosynthetic efficiency in rice by constitutively expressing maize GOLDEN2-like (GLK) genes (ZmG2 and ZmGLK1). They are able to reduce photoinhibition and enhance the photosynthetic potential as well as increase the carbohydrate, biomass and grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Wei
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, 201602, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China.
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45
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Ectopic Expression of AhGLK1b (GOLDEN2-like Transcription Factor) in Arabidopsis Confers Dual Resistance to Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030343. [PMID: 32213970 PMCID: PMC7141132 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) is a member of the myeloblastosis (MYB) family transcription factor and it plays an important role in the regulation of plastid development and stress tolerance. In this study, a gene named AhGLK1b was identified from a cultivated peanut showing down-regulation in response to low calcium with a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1212 bp. The AhGLK1b has 99.26% and 96.28% sequence similarities with its orthologs in Arachis ipaensis and A. duranensis, respectively. In the peanut, the AhGLK1b was localized in the nucleus and demonstrated the highest expression in the leaf, followed by the embryo. Furthermore, the expression of AhGLK1b was induced significantly in response to a bacterial pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum infection. Ectopic expression of AhGLK1b in Arabidopsis showed stronger resistance against important phytopathogenic fungi S. sclerotiorum. It also exhibited high resistance to infection of the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000. AhGLK1b-expressing Arabidopsis induced defense-related genes including PR10 and Phox/Bem 1 (PBI), which are involved in multiple disease resistance. Taken together, the results suggest that AhGLK1b might be useful in providing dual resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens as well as tolerance to abiotic stresses.
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Bhutia KL, Nongbri EL, Gympad E, Rai M, Tyagi W. In silico characterization, and expression analysis of rice golden 2-like (OsGLK) members in response to low phosphorous. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2529-2549. [PMID: 32086721 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The availability of phosphorus (P) affects productivity of rice. Under acidic soil conditions (pH < 5.5), P is rapidly immobilized in the soil. Several transcription factors play an important role in low Pi tolerance response, including MYB family members but their role in acidic soil is yet unknown. In this study, genome wide identification and characterization of golden 2-like (GLK) members belonging to GARP superfamily from rice (OsGLK) led to identification of 46 members distributed over 12 chromosomes. We assigned gene nomenclature, analyzed gene structure and identified mutant orthologs and phenotypes in maize and rice, respectively. On the basis of biological functions three categories viz., (a) two-component response regulator (five members), (b) putative transcription factor (21 members) and (c) phosphate starvation response (8 members) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a total of nine subgroups with MYB homeodomain-like and MYB CC-type domains conserved across members. Expression profiling of OsGLKs in response to 24 and 48 h of low Pi in four contrasting rice genotypes, revealed significantly higher expression of OsGLK10, OsGLK15, OsGLK22 and OsGLK30 in tolerant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotypes, suggesting their role in Pi starvation tolerance. Meta analyses and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) profiling of OsGLK showed diverse expression pattern in various tissues and organs and also modulation in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Our results highlight the versatile role of this diverse and complex GLK family, in particular to abiotic stress. These genes will form the basis of future studies on low Pi tolerance in acidic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma Landup Bhutia
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ernieca Lyngdoh Nongbri
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ebenazar Gympad
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mayank Rai
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - Wricha Tyagi
- School of Crop Improvement, College of Post-Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umroi Road, Umiam, 793103, Meghalaya, India.
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Singh P, Reeves G. Constructing the bundle sheath towards enhanced photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1206-1209. [PMID: 32076726 PMCID: PMC7031064 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: van Rooijen R, Schulze S, Petzsch P, Westhoff P. 2020. Targeted misexpression of NAC052, acting in H3K4 demethylation, alters leaf morphological and anatomical traits in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 1434–1448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh
- University of Cambridge, Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregory Reeves
- University of Cambridge, Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK
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Genetic and Physiological Dissection of Photosynthesis in Barley Exposed to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246341. [PMID: 31888211 PMCID: PMC6940956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced photosynthesis under drought is essential for better survival and for agricultural benefits in terms of biomass and yield. Given the current attempts to improve the photosynthetic efficiency for greater crop yield, the explanation of the genetic basis of that process, together with the phenotypic analysis, is significant in terms of both basic studies and potential agricultural application. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to uncover the molecular basis of the photosynthesis process under drought stress in barley. To address that goal, we conducted transcriptomic examination together with detailed photosynthesis analysis using the JIP-test. Using this approach, we indicated that photosynthesis is a process that is very early affected in barley seedlings treated with severe drought stress. Rather than focusing on individual genes, our strategy was pointed to the identification of groups of genes with similar expression patterns. As such, we identified and annotated almost 150 barley genes as crucial core-components of photosystems, electron transport components, and Calvin cycle enzymes. Moreover, we designated 17 possible regulatory interactions between photosynthesis-related genes and transcription factors in barley. Summarizing, our results provide a list of candidate genes for future genetic research and improvement of barley drought tolerance by targeting photosynthesis.
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Sandhu N, Subedi SR, Singh VK, Sinha P, Kumar S, Singh SP, Ghimire SK, Pandey M, Yadaw RB, Varshney RK, Kumar A. Deciphering the genetic basis of root morphology, nutrient uptake, yield, and yield-related traits in rice under dry direct-seeded cultivation systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9334. [PMID: 31249338 PMCID: PMC6597570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of global water scarcity, a successful transition of rice cultivation from puddled to dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) is a future need. A genome-wide association study was performed on a complex mapping population for 39 traits: 9 seedling-establishment traits, 14 root and nutrient-uptake traits, 5 plant morphological traits, 4 lodging resistance traits, and 7 yield and yield-contributing traits. A total of 10 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were found along with 25 QTLs associated with 25 traits. The percent phenotypic variance explained by SNPs ranged from 8% to 84%. Grain yield was found to be significantly and positively correlated with seedling-establishment traits, root morphological traits, nutrient uptake-related traits, and grain yield-contributing traits. The genomic colocation of different root morphological traits, nutrient uptake-related traits, and grain-yield-contributing traits further supports the role of root morphological traits in improving nutrient uptake and grain yield under DDSR. The QTLs/candidate genes underlying the significant MTAs were identified. The identified promising progenies carrying these QTLs may serve as potential donors to be exploited in genomics-assisted breeding programs for improving grain yield and adaptability under DDSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Sandhu
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sushil Raj Subedi
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.,National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Nepal
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallavi Sinha
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S P Singh
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | | | - Madhav Pandey
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | | | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.
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Sedelnikova OV, Hughes TE, Langdale JA. Understanding the Genetic Basis of C 4 Kranz Anatomy with a View to Engineering C 3 Crops. Annu Rev Genet 2018; 52:249-270. [PMID: 30208293 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120417-031217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the most remarkable examples of convergent evolution is the transition from C3 to C4 photosynthesis, an event that occurred on over 60 independent occasions. The evolution of C4 is particularly noteworthy because of the complexity of the developmental and metabolic changes that took place. In most cases, compartmentalized metabolic reactions were facilitated by the development of a distinct leaf anatomy known as Kranz. C4 Kranz anatomy differs from ancestral C3 anatomy with respect to vein spacing patterns across the leaf, cell-type specification around veins, and cell-specific organelle function. Here we review our current understanding of how Kranz anatomy evolved and how it develops, with a focus on studies that are dissecting the underlying genetic mechanisms. This research field has gained prominence in recent years because understanding the genetic regulation of Kranz may enable the C3-to-C4 transition to be engineered, an endeavor that would significantly enhance crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Sedelnikova
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Thomas E Hughes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom; , ,
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