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Li G, Wu J, Kronzucker HJ, Li B, Shi W. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant-root responses to iron toxicity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 297:154257. [PMID: 38688043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The chemical form and physiological activity of iron (Fe) in soil are dependent on soil pH and redox potential (Eh), and Fe levels in soils are frequently elevated to the point of causing Fe toxicity in plants, with inhibition of normal physiological activities and of growth and development. In this review, we describe how iron toxicity triggers important physiological changes, including nitric-oxide (NO)-mediated potassium (K+) efflux at the tips of roots and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) in roots, resulting in physiological stress. We focus on the root system, as the first point of contact with Fe in soil, and describe the key processes engaged in Fe transport, distribution, binding, and other mechanisms that are drawn upon to defend against high-Fe stress. We describe the root-system regulation of key physiological processes and of morphological development through signaling substances such as ethylene, auxin, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide, and discuss gene-expression responses under high Fe. We especially focus on studies on the physiological and molecular mechanisms in rice and Arabidopsis under high Fe, hoping to provide a valuable theoretical basis for improving the ability of crop roots to adapt to soil Fe toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jinlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Baohai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Welle M, Niether W, Stöhr C. The underestimated role of plant root nitric oxide emission under low-oxygen stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1290700. [PMID: 38379951 PMCID: PMC10876902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1290700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The biotic release of nitric oxide (NO), a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere contributes to climate change. In plants, NO plays a significant role in metabolic and signaling processes. However, little attention has been paid to the plant-borne portion of global NO emissions. Owing to the growing significance of global flooding events caused by climate change, the extent of plant NO emissions has been assessed under low-oxygen conditions for the roots of intact plants. Each examined plant species (tomato, tobacco, and barley) exhibited NO emissions in a highly oxygen-dependent manner. The transfer of data obtained under laboratory conditions to the global area of farmland was used to estimate possible plant NO contribution to greenhouse gas budgets. Plant-derived and stress-induced NO emissions were estimated to account for the equivalent of 1 to 9% of global annual NO emissions from agricultural land. Because several stressors induce NO formation in plants, the actual impact may be even higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Welle
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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He S, Niu Y, Xing L, Liang Z, Song X, Ding M, Huang W. Research progress of the detection and analysis methods of heavy metals in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1310328. [PMID: 38362447 PMCID: PMC10867983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM)-induced stress can lead to the enrichment of HMs in plants thereby threatening people's lives and health via the food chain. For this reason, there is an urgent need for some reliable and practical techniques to detect and analyze the absorption, distribution, accumulation, chemical form, and transport of HMs in plants for reducing or regulating HM content. Not only does it help to explore the mechanism of plant HM response, but it also holds significant importance for cultivating plants with low levels of HMs. Even though this field has garnered significant attention recently, only minority researchers have systematically summarized the different methods of analysis. This paper outlines the detection and analysis techniques applied in recent years for determining HM concentration in plants, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) and omics and molecular biology approaches. They can detect the chemical forms, spatial distribution, uptake and transport of HMs in plants. For this paper, the principles behind these techniques are clarified, their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted, their applications are explored, and guidance for selecting the appropriate methods to study HMs in plants is provided for later research. It is also expected to promote the innovation and development of HM-detection technologies and offer ideas for future research concerning HM accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuting Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Lu Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of “Taibaiqiyao” Research and Applications, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Meihai Ding
- Management Department, Xi’an Ande Pharmaceutical Co; Ltd., Xi’an, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of “Taibaiqiyao” Research and Applications, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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4
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Hunt H, Leape S, Sidhu JS, Ajmera I, Lynch JP, Ratcliffe RG, Sweetlove LJ. A role for fermentation in aerobic conditions as revealed by computational analysis of maize root metabolism during growth by cell elongation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1553-1570. [PMID: 37831626 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The root is a well-studied example of cell specialisation, yet little is known about the metabolism that supports the transport functions and growth of different root cell types. To address this, we used computational modelling to study metabolism in the elongation zone of a maize lateral root. A functional-structural model captured the cell-anatomical features of the root and modelled how they changed as the root elongated. From these data, we derived constraints for a flux balance analysis model that predicted metabolic fluxes of the 11 concentric rings of cells in the root. We discovered a distinct metabolic flux pattern in the cortical cell rings, endodermis and pericycle (but absent in the epidermis) that involved a high rate of glycolysis and production of the fermentation end-products lactate and ethanol. This aerobic fermentation was confirmed experimentally by metabolite analysis. The use of fermentation in the model was not obligatory but was the most efficient way to meet the specific demands for energy, reducing power and carbon skeletons of expanding cells. Cytosolic acidification was avoided in the fermentative mode due to the substantial consumption of protons by lipid synthesis. These results expand our understanding of fermentative metabolism beyond that of hypoxic niches and suggest that fermentation could play an important role in the metabolism of aerobic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Stefan Leape
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sidhu
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Ishan Ajmera
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - R George Ratcliffe
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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Zelinová V, Demecsová L, Liptáková Ľ, Valentovičová K, Tamás L. Extracellular nitric oxide sustains root surface redox activity and growth under sudden flooding-induced hypoxic conditions in barley root tips. PLANTA 2023; 259:3. [PMID: 37989783 PMCID: PMC10663193 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Nitric oxide sustains root tip surface redox activity and restricts lipid peroxidation-triggered cell death in the root tips. In order to gain more insight into the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in plant response to sudden flooding-induced hypoxic stress, we studied the effect of two NO donors, sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-L-glutathione, on short-term partial submergence-induced root growth inhibition, alteration in root surface redox activity, lipid peroxidation and cell death in two barley cultivars (cv.) at their early seedling stage. The short-term hypoxic stress induces root growth arrest in cv. Karmel, accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and cell death. By contrast, in cv. Slaven, short-term hypoxic conditions cause only reduced root growth rate, associated with elevated extracellular NO level in the root tips. The root tip surface redox activity decreases with the increasing timespan of hypoxic conditions in both cultivars; however, this decrease in redox activity started earlier and was greater in the cv. Karmel in comparison with cv. Slaven. Application of NO donors during hypoxic stress sustains the root redox activity and eliminates the hypoxia-induced lipid peroxidation, accompanied by a partial restoration of root growth after short-term hypoxic stress. These results suggest that extracellular NO plays a key role in maintaining the root tip surface redox activity and in the restriction of lipid peroxidation and cell death under short-term hypoxic stress in the root tips of barley seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zelinová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubica Liptáková
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Valentovičová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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6
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Sanchez-Corrionero A, Sánchez-Vicente I, Arteaga N, Manrique-Gil I, Gómez-Jiménez S, Torres-Quezada I, Albertos P, Lorenzo O. Fine-tuned nitric oxide and hormone interface in plant root development and regeneration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6104-6118. [PMID: 36548145 PMCID: PMC10575706 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant root growth and developmental capacities reside in a few stem cells of the root apical meristem (RAM). Maintenance of these stem cells requires regenerative divisions of the initial stem cell niche (SCN) cells, self-maintenance, and proliferative divisions of the daughter cells. This ensures sufficient cell diversity to guarantee the development of complex root tissues in the plant. Damage in the root during growth involves the formation of a new post-embryonic root, a process known as regeneration. Post-embryonic root development and organogenesis processes include primary root development and SCN maintenance, plant regeneration, and the development of adventitious and lateral roots. These developmental processes require a fine-tuned balance between cell proliferation and maintenance. An important regulator during root development and regeneration is the gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO). In this review we have sought to compile how NO regulates cell rate proliferation, cell differentiation, and quiescence of SCNs, usually through interaction with phytohormones, or other molecular mechanisms involved in cellular redox homeostasis. NO exerts a role on molecular components of the auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways in primary roots that affects cell proliferation and maintenance of the RAM. During root regeneration, a peak of auxin and cytokinin triggers specific molecular programs. Moreover, NO participates in adventitious root formation through its interaction with players of the brassinosteroid and cytokinin signaling cascade. Lately, NO has been implicated in root regeneration under hypoxia conditions by regulating stem cell specification through phytoglobins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Sanchez-Corrionero
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noelia Arteaga
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Manrique-Gil
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Gómez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Torres-Quezada
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Albertos
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
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7
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Mira MM, El-Khateeb EA, Youssef MS, Ciacka K, So K, Duncan RW, Hill RD, Stasolla C. Arabidopsis root apical meristem survival during waterlogging is determined by phytoglobin through nitric oxide and auxin. PLANTA 2023; 258:86. [PMID: 37747517 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Over-expression of phytoglobin mitigates the degradation of the root apical meristem (RAM) caused by waterlogging through changes in nitric oxide and auxin distribution at the root tip. Plant performance to waterlogging is ameliorated by the over-expression of the Arabidopsis Phytoglobin 1 (Pgb1) which also contributes to the maintenance of a functional RAM. Hypoxia induces accumulation of ROS and damage in roots of wild type plants; these events were preceded by the exhaustion of the RAM resulting from the loss of functionality of the WOX5-expressing quiescent cells (QCs). These phenotypic deviations were exacerbated by suppression of Pgb1 and attenuated when the same gene was up-regulated. Genetic and pharmacological studies demonstrated that degradation of the RAM in hypoxic roots is attributed to a reduction in the auxin maximum at the root tip, necessary for the specification of the QC. This reduction was primarily caused by alterations in PIN-mediated auxin flow but not auxin synthesis. The expression and localization patterns of several PINs, including PIN1, 2, 3 and 4, facilitating the basipetal translocation of auxin and its distribution at the root tip, were altered in hypoxic WT and Pgb1-suppressing roots but mostly unchanged in those over-expressing Pgb1. Disruption of PIN1 and PIN2 signal in hypoxic roots suppressing Pgb1 initiated in the transition zone at 12 h and was specifically associated to the absence of Pgb1 protein in the same region. Exogenous auxin restored a functional RAM, while inhibition of the directional auxin flow exacerbated the degradation of the RAM. The regulation of root behavior by Pgb1 was mediated by nitric oxide (NO) in a model consistent with the recognized function of Pgbs as NO scavengers. Collectively, this study contributes to our understanding of the role of Pgbs in preserving root meristem function and QC niche during conditions of stress, and suggests that the root transition zone is most vulnerable to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Mira
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman A El-Khateeb
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Youssef
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Katarzyna Ciacka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kenny So
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert W Duncan
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert D Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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8
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Dalle Carbonare L, Jiménez JDLC, Lichtenauer S, van Veen H. Plant responses to limited aeration: Advances and future challenges. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e488. [PMID: 36993903 PMCID: PMC10040318 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Limited aeration that is caused by tissue geometry, diffusion barriers, high elevation, or a flooding event poses major challenges to plants and is often, but not exclusively, associated with low oxygen. These processes span a broad interest in the research community ranging from whole plant and crop responses, post-harvest physiology, plant morphology and anatomy, fermentative metabolism, plant developmental processes, oxygen sensing by ERF-VIIs, gene expression profiles, the gaseous hormone ethylene, and O2 dynamics at cellular resolution. The International Society for Plant Anaerobiosis (ISPA) gathers researchers from all over the world contributing to understand the causes, responses, and consequences of limited aeration in plants. During the 14th ISPA meeting, major research progress was related to the evolution of O2 sensing mechanisms and the intricate network that balances low O2 signaling. Here, the work moved beyond flooding stress and emphasized novel underexplored roles of low O2 and limited aeration in altitude adaptation, fruit development and storage, and the vegetative development of growth apices. Regarding tolerance towards flooding, the meeting stressed the relevance and regulation of developmental plasticity, aerenchyma, and barrier formation to improve internal aeration. Additional newly explored flood tolerance traits concerned resource balance, senescence, and the exploration of natural genetic variation for novel tolerance loci. In this report, we summarize and synthesize the major progress and future challenges for low O2 and aeration research presented at the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie Lichtenauer
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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9
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Han M, Yang H, Yu G, Jiang P, You S, Zhang L, Lin H, Liu J, Shu Y. Application of Non-invasive Micro-test Technology (NMT) in environmental fields: A comprehensive review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 240:113706. [PMID: 35659702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive Micro-test Technology (NMT) is a selective microelectrode technique which can detect the flux rates and three-dimensional motion directions of ions or molecules into and out of living organisms in situ without damaging the sample. It has the advantages of maintaining sample integrity, high temporal and spatial resolution, and being able to measure multiple sites simultaneously. In this paper we provide a comprehensive review on the development of NMT in recent years. Its principles, characteristics, and the differences with other microelectrode techniques are introduced. We discuss the applications of NMT in the field of phytoremediation, plant resistance, water quality monitoring, and toxicity mechanisms of heavy metals on organisms. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects of NMT in the environmental field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Han
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China.
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Shaohong You
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, MNR, Guilin, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hua Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, MNR, Guilin, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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10
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Jing S, Zhang X, Niu H, Lin F, Ayi Q, Wan B, Ren X, Su X, Shi S, Liu S, Zeng B. Differential Growth Responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides as Affected by Submergence Depths. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883800. [PMID: 35720589 PMCID: PMC9201830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has resulted in an increase in intensity and frequency of flooding, plants living in lowlands, and shore areas have to confront submergence caused by flooding, submergence-tolerant plants usually respond by adopting either escape or quiescence strategies. While certain plants exhibit a changeover from escape strategy upon partial submergence to quiescence strategy under complete shallow submergence, it remains unknown whether plants completely submerged at different water depths would adjust their strategies to cope with the change in submergence depth. Alternanthera philoxeroides is an ideal species to explore this adjustment as it is widely distributed in flood-disturbed habitats and exhibits an escape strategy when completely submerged in shallow waters. We investigated the responses of A. philoxeroides in terms of morphology, anatomy, and non-structural carbohydrate metabolism by conducting experiments using a series of submergence depths (0, 2, 5, and 9 m). During the submergence treatment, environmental factors such as light, dissolved oxygen, and temperature for submerged plants were kept constant. The results showed that A. philoxeroides plants submerged at depth of 2 m presented an escape strategy via fast stem elongation, extensive pith cavity development, and small biomass loss. However, the retarded stem elongation, reduced pith cavity transverse area, and increased biomass loss along the water depth gradient indicated that A. philoxeroides altered its growth response as water depth increased from 2 to 9 m. It is found that the changeover of response strategies occurred at higher submergence depths (5-9 m). Based on the results of our experiments, we demonstrated that water depth played an important role in driving the change in strategy. The water-depth-dependent growth performance of A. philoxeroides would benefit the species in habit exploration and exploitation. Further studies should focus on the performances of plants when submerged at varied water depths with different light climates and dissolved oxygen content, and how water depths drive the response behaviors of the submerged plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Art and Design, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoli Ayi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binna Wan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolei Su
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Flooding Tolerance in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050878. [PMID: 35624742 PMCID: PMC9138130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding is harmful to almost all higher plants, including crop species. Most cultivars of the root crop sweet potato are able to tolerate environmental stresses such as drought, high temperature, and high salinity. They are, however, relatively sensitive to flooding stress, which greatly reduces yield and commercial value. Previous transcriptomic analysis of flood-sensitive and flood-resistant sweet potato cultivars identified genes that were likely to contribute to protection against flooding stress, including genes related to ethylene (ET), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. Although each sweet potato cultivar can be classified as either tolerant or sensitive to flooding stress, the molecular mechanisms of flooding resistance in ET, ROS, and NO regulation-mediated responses have not yet been reported. Therefore, this study characterized the regulation of ET, ROS, and NO metabolism in two sweet potato cultivars—one flood-tolerant cultivar and one flood-sensitive cultivar—under early flooding treatment conditions. The expression of ERFVII genes, which are involved in low oxygen signaling, was upregulated in leaves during flooding stress treatments. In addition, levels of respiratory burst oxidase homologs and metallothionein-mediated ROS scavenging were greatly increased in the early stage of flooding in the flood-tolerant sweet potato cultivar compared with the flood-sensitive cultivar. The expression of genes involved in NO biosynthesis and scavenging was also upregulated in the tolerant cultivar. Finally, NO scavenging-related MDHAR expressions and enzymatic activity were higher in the flood-tolerant cultivar than in the flood-sensitive cultivar. These results indicate that, in sweet potato, genes involved in ET, ROS, and NO regulation play an important part in response mechanisms against flooding stress.
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12
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Zimmermann MJ, Bose J, Kramer EM, Atkin OK, Tyerman SD, Baskin TI. Oxygen uptake rates have contrasting responses to temperature in the root meristem and elongation zone. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13682. [PMID: 35373370 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Growing at either 15 or 25°C, roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia accession, produce cells at the same rate and have growth zones of the same length. To determine whether this constancy is related to energetics, we measured oxygen uptake by means of a vibrating oxygen-selective electrode. Concomitantly, the spatial distribution of elongation was measured kinematically, delineating meristem and elongation zone. All seedlings were germinated, grown, and measured at a given temperature (15 or 25°C). Columbia was compared to lines where cell production rate roughly doubles between 15 and 25°C: Landsberg and two Columbia mutants, er-105 and ahk3-3. For all genotypes and temperatures, oxygen uptake rate at any position was highest at the root cap, where mitochondrial density was maximal, based on the fluorescence of a reporter. Uptake rate declined through the meristem to plateau within the elongation zone. For oxygen uptake rate integrated over a zone, the meristem had steady-state Q10 values ranging from 0.7 to 2.1; by contrast, the elongation zone had values ranging from 2.6 to 3.3, implying that this zone exerts a greater respiratory demand. These results highlight a substantial energy consumption by the root cap, perhaps helpful for maintaining hypoxia in stem cells, and suggest that rapid elongation is metabolically more costly than is cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura J Zimmermann
- Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eric M Kramer
- Physics Department, Bard College at Simon's Rock, Great Barrington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tobias I Baskin
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Li W, Challa GS, Gupta A, Gu L, Wu Y, Li W. Physiological and Transcriptomic Characterization of Sea-Wheatgrass-Derived Waterlogging Tolerance in Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010108. [PMID: 35009111 PMCID: PMC8747256 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging, causing hypoxia stress and nitrogen depletion in the rhizosphere, has been an increasing threat to wheat production. We developed a wheat-sea wheatgrass (SWG) amphiploid showing superior tolerance to waterlogging and low nitrogen. Validated in deoxygenated agar medium for three weeks, hypoxia stress reduced the dry matter of the wheat parent by 40% but had little effect on the growth of the amphiploid. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we comparatively analyzed the wheat-SWG amphiploid and its wheat parent grown in aerated and hypoxic solutions for physiological traits and root transcriptomes. Compared with its wheat parent, the amphiploid showed less magnitude in forming root porosity and barrier to radial oxygen loss, two important mechanisms for internal O2 movement to the apex, and downregulation of genes for ethylene, lignin, and reactive oxygen species. In another aspect, however, hypoxia stress upregulated the nitrate assimilation/reduction pathway in amphiploid and induced accumulation of nitric oxide, a byproduct of nitrate reduction, in its root tips, and the amphiploid maintained much higher metabolic activity in its root system compared with its wheat parent. Taken together, our research suggested that enhanced nitrate assimilation and reduction and accumulation of nitric oxide play important roles in the SWG-derived waterlogging tolerance.
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14
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Meristematic Connectome: A Cellular Coordinator of Plant Responses to Environmental Signals? Cells 2021; 10:cells10102544. [PMID: 34685524 PMCID: PMC8533771 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress in tree roots induces the production of reaction wood (RW) and the formation of new branch roots, both functioning to avoid anchorage failure and limb damage. The vascular cambium (VC) is the factor responsible for the onset of these responses as shown by their occurrence when all primary tissues and the root tips are removed. The data presented confirm that the VC is able to evaluate both the direction and magnitude of the mechanical forces experienced before coordinating the most fitting responses along the root axis whenever and wherever these are necessary. The coordination of these responses requires intense crosstalk between meristematic cells of the VC which may be very distant from the place where the mechanical stress is first detected. Signaling could be facilitated through plasmodesmata between meristematic cells. The mechanism of RW production also seems to be well conserved in the stem and this fact suggests that the VC could behave as a single structure spread along the plant body axis as a means to control the relationship between the plant and its environment. The observation that there are numerous morphological and functional similarities between different meristems and that some important regulatory mechanisms of meristem activity, such as homeostasis, are common to several meristems, supports the hypothesis that not only the VC but all apical, primary and secondary meristems present in the plant body behave as a single interconnected structure. We propose to name this structure “meristematic connectome” given the possibility that the sequence of meristems from root apex to shoot apex could represent a pluricellular network that facilitates long-distance signaling in the plant body. The possibility that the “meristematic connectome” could act as a single structure active in adjusting the plant body to its surrounding environment throughout the life of a plant is now proposed.
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15
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Lessons from Comparison of Hypoxia Signaling in Plants and Mammals. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050993. [PMID: 34067566 PMCID: PMC8157222 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important stress for organisms, including plants and mammals. In plants, hypoxia can be the consequence of flooding and causes important crop losses worldwide. In mammals, hypoxia stress may be the result of pathological conditions. Understanding the regulation of responses to hypoxia offers insights into novel approaches for crop improvement, particularly for the development of flooding-tolerant crops and for producing better therapeutics for hypoxia-related diseases such as inflammation and cancer. Despite their evolutionary distance, plants and mammals deploy strikingly similar mechanisms to sense and respond to the different aspects of hypoxia-related stress, including low oxygen levels and the resulting energy crisis, nutrient depletion, and oxidative stress. Over the last two decades, the ubiquitin/proteasome system and the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO have been identified as key regulators that act in concert to regulate core aspects of responses to hypoxia in plants and mammals. Here, we review ubiquitin and SUMO-dependent mechanisms underlying the regulation of hypoxia response in plants and mammals. By comparing and contrasting these mechanisms in plants and mammals, this review seeks to pinpoint conceptually similar mechanisms but also highlight future avenues of research at the junction between different fields of research.
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16
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Manrique-Gil I, Sánchez-Vicente I, Torres-Quezada I, Lorenzo O. Nitric oxide function during oxygen deprivation in physiological and stress processes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:904-916. [PMID: 32976588 PMCID: PMC7876777 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are aerobic organisms that have evolved to maintain specific requirements for oxygen (O2), leading to a correct respiratory energy supply during growth and development. There are certain plant developmental cues and biotic or abiotic stress responses where O2 is scarce. This O2 deprivation known as hypoxia may occur in hypoxic niches of plant-specific tissues and during adverse environmental cues such as pathogen attack and flooding. In general, plants respond to hypoxia through a complex reprogramming of their molecular activities with the aim of reducing the impact of stress on their physiological and cellular homeostasis. This review focuses on the fine-tuned regulation of hypoxia triggered by a network of gaseous compounds that includes O2, ethylene, and nitric oxide. In view of recent scientific advances, we summarize the molecular mechanisms mediated by phytoglobins and by the N-degron proteolytic pathway, focusing on embryogenesis, seed imbibition, and germination, and also specific structures, most notably root apical and shoot apical meristems. In addition, those biotic and abiotic stresses that comprise hypoxia are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Manrique-Gil
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. C/ Río Duero 12, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. C/ Río Duero 12, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Torres-Quezada
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. C/ Río Duero 12, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. C/ Río Duero 12, Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Gupta KJ, Mur LAJ, Wany A, Kumari A, Fernie AR, Ratcliffe RG. The role of nitrite and nitric oxide under low oxygen conditions in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1143-1151. [PMID: 31144317 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissues, particularly roots, can be subjected to periods of hypoxia due to environmental circumstances. Plants have developed various adaptations in response to hypoxic stress and these have been described extensively. Less well-appreciated is the body of evidence demonstrating that scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) and the reduction of nitrate/nitrite regulate important mechanisms that contribute to tolerance to hypoxia. Although ethylene controls hyponasty and aerenchyma formation, NO production apparently regulates hypoxic ethylene biosynthesis. In the hypoxic mitochondrion, cytochrome c oxidase, which is a major source of NO, also is inhibited by NO, thereby reducing the respiratory rate and enhancing local oxygen concentrations. Nitrite can maintain ATP generation under hypoxia by coupling its reduction to the translocation of protons from the inner side of mitochondria and generating an electrochemical gradient. This reaction can be further coupled to a reaction whereby nonsymbiotic haemoglobin oxidizes NO to nitrate. In addition to these functions, nitrite has been reported to influence mitochondrial structure and supercomplex formation, as well as playing a role in oxygen sensing via the N-end rule pathway. These studies establish that nitrite and NO perform multiple functions during plant hypoxia and suggest that further research into the underlying mechanisms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Aakanksha Wany
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - R George Ratcliffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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Demecsová L, Tamás L. Reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in metal-stressed roots: toxicity or defence. Biometals 2019; 32:717-744. [PMID: 31541378 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The presented review is a summary on the current knowledge about metal induced stress response in plants, focusing on the roles of reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in roots. The article focuses mainly on the difference between defence and toxicity symptoms of roots during metal-induced stress. Nowadays, pollution of soils by heavy metals is a rapidly growing issue, which affects agriculture and human health. In order to deal with these problems, we must first understand the basic mechanisms and responses to environmental conditions in plants growing under such conditions. Studies so far show somewhat conflicting data, interpreting the same stress responses as both symptoms of defence and toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give a report about current knowledge of heavy metal-induced stress research, and also to differentiate between toxicity and defence, and outline the challenges of research, focusing on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, auxin, and the interplay among them. There are still remaining questions on how reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as auxin, can activate either symptoms of toxicity or defence, and adaptation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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19
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Armstrong W, Beckett PM, Colmer TD, Setter TL, Greenway H. Tolerance of roots to low oxygen: 'Anoxic' cores, the phytoglobin-nitric oxide cycle, and energy or oxygen sensing. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 239:92-108. [PMID: 31255944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation by plants to hypoxia and anoxia is of importance in various ecological systems, and especially for roots in waterlogged soil. We present evidence for acclimation by roots via 'anoxic' cores rather than being triggered by O2 sensors. The evidence for 'anoxic' cores comes from radial O2 profiles across maize roots and associated metabolic changes such as increases in the 'anaerobic enzymes' ADH and PDC in the 'anoxic' core, and inhibition of Cl- transport to the xylem. These cores are predicted to develop within 15-20 min after sudden transfer of a root to hypoxia, so that the cores are 'anoxically-shocked'. We suggest that 'anoxic' cores could emanate a signal(s), such as ACC the precursor of ethylene and/or propagation of a 'Ca2+ wave', to other tissue zones. There, the signalling would result in acclimation of the tissues to energy crisis metabolism. An O2 diffusion model for tissues with an 'anoxic' core, indicates that the phytoglobin-nitric oxide (Pgb-NO) cycle would only be engaged in a thin 'shell' (annulus) of tissue surrounding the 'anoxic' core, and so would only contribute small amounts of ATP on a whole organ basis (e.g. whole roots). A key feature within this annulus of tissue, where O2 is likely to be limiting, is that the ratio (ATP formed) / (O2 consumed) is 5-6, both when the NAD(P)H of glycolysis is converted to NAD(P)+ by the Pgb-NO cycle or by the TCA cycle linked to the electron transport chain. The main function of the Pgb-NO cycle may be the modulating of NO levels and O2 scavenging, thus preventing oxidative damage. We speculate that an 'anoxic' core in hypoxic plant organs may have a particularly high tolerance to anoxia because cells might receive a prolonged supply of carbohydrates and/or ATP from the regions still receiving sufficient O2 for oxidative phosphorylation. Severely hypoxic or 'anoxic' cores are well documented, but much research on responses of roots to hypoxia is still based on bulk tissue analyses. More research is needed on the interaction between 'anoxic' cores and tissues still receiving sufficient O2 for oxidative phosphorylation, both during a hypoxic exposure and during subsequent anoxia of the tissue/organ as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Armstrong
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Timothy L Setter
- Agricultural and Environmental Consultant, P.O. Box 305, Bull Creek, 6149, WA, Australia
| | - Hank Greenway
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Perth, WA, Australia
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Tamás L, Demecsová L, Zelinová V. L-NAME decreases the amount of nitric oxide and enhances the toxicity of cadmium via superoxide generation in barley root tip. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 224-225:68-74. [PMID: 29604535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of barley roots to mM concentrations of L-NAME for 30 min caused a considerable root growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of root growth was higher in seedlings co-treated with Cd and L-NAME, compared with roots treated with Cd alone, despite the fact that L-NAME markedly reduced the uptake of Cd by roots. Treatment of roots with L-NAME evoked a decrease in NO level in both control and Cd-treated root tips only after a relatively long lag period, which overlaps with an increase in superoxide and H2O2 levels and peroxynitrite generation. L-NAME-induced root growth inhibition is alleviated not only by the application of the NO donor SNP but also by the ROS and peroxynitrite scavengers. Our results indicate that L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor in the animal kingdom, indeed evokes NO depletion also in the plant tissues; however, it does not occur due to the action of L-NAME as an inhibitor of NOS or NOS-like activity, but as a consequence of L-NAME-induced enhanced superoxide generation, leading to increased peroxynitrite level in the root tips due to the reaction between superoxide and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Zelinová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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21
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Planchet E, Lothier J, Limami AM. Hypoxic Respiratory Metabolism in Plants: Reorchestration of Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Considine MJ, Diaz-Vivancos P, Kerchev P, Signorelli S, Agudelo-Romero P, Gibbs DJ, Foyer CH. Learning To Breathe: Developmental Phase Transitions in Oxygen Status. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:140-153. [PMID: 27986423 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants are developmentally disposed to significant changes in oxygen availability, but our understanding of the importance of hypoxia is almost entirely limited to stress biology. Differential patterns of the abundance of oxygen, nitric oxide (•NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as of redox potential, occur in organs and meristems, and examples are emerging in the literature of mechanistic relationships of these to development. We describe here the convergence of these cues in meristematic and reproductive tissues, and discuss the evidence for regulated hypoxic niches within which oxygen-, ROS-, •NO-, and redox-dependent signalling curate developmental transitions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia; Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Pedro Diaz-Vivancos
- Group of Fruit Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Pavel Kerchev
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Gent Technologiepark 927, Gent, 9052 Belgium
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel J Gibbs
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Peng R, Bian Z, Zhou L, Cheng W, Hai N, Yang C, Yang T, Wang X, Wang C. Hydrogen sulfide enhances nitric oxide-induced tolerance of hypoxia in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2325-2340. [PMID: 27516180 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Our data present H 2 S in a new role, serving as a multi-faceted transducer to different response mechanisms during NO-induced acquisition of tolerance to flooding-induced hypoxia in maize seedling roots. Nitric oxide (NO), serving as a secondary messenger, modulates physiological processes in plants. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been demonstrated to have similar signaling functions. This study focused on the effects of treatment with H2S on NO-induced hypoxia tolerance in maize seedlings. The results showed that treatment with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) enhanced survival rate of submerged maize roots through induced accumulation of endogenous H2S. The induced H2S then enhanced endogenous Ca2+ levels as well as the Ca2+-dependent activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), improving the capacity for antioxidant defense and, ultimately, the hypoxia tolerance in maize seedlings. In addition, NO induced the activities of key enzymes in H2S biosynthesis, such as L-cysteine desulfhydrases (L-CDs), O-acetyl-L-serine (thiol)lyase (OAS-TL), and β-Cyanoalanine Synthase (CAS). SNP-induced hypoxia tolerance was enhanced by the application of NaHS, but was eliminated by the H2S-synthesis inhibitor hydroxylamine (HA) and the H2S-scavenger hypotaurine (HT). H2S concurrently enhanced the transcriptional levels of relative hypoxia-induced genes. Together, our findings indicated that H2S serves as a multi-faceted transducer that enhances the nitric oxide-induced hypoxia tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong, 723002, China
| | - Na Hai
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Changquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chongying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Li G, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. The Response of the Root Apex in Plant Adaptation to Iron Heterogeneity in Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:344. [PMID: 27047521 PMCID: PMC4800179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and is frequently limiting. By contrast, over-accumulation of Fe in plant tissues leads to toxicity. In soils, the distribution of Fe is highly heterogeneous. To cope with this heterogeneity, plant roots engage an array of adaptive responses to adjust their morphology and physiology. In this article, we review root morphological and physiological changes in response to low- and high-Fe conditions and highlight differences between these responses. We especially focus on the role of the root apex in dealing with the stresses resulting from Fe shortage and excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
| | | | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
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25
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Manoli A, Trevisan S, Voigt B, Yokawa K, Baluška F, Quaggiotti S. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Maize Root Apex Responses to Nitrate are Regulated by Auxin and Strigolactones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1269. [PMID: 26834770 PMCID: PMC4722128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 (-)) is a key element for crop production but its levels in agricultural soils are limited. Plants have developed mechanisms to cope with these NO3 (-) fluctuations based on sensing nitrate at the root apex. Particularly, the transition zone (TZ) of root apex has been suggested as a signaling-response zone. This study dissects cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NO3 (-) resupply effects on primary root (PR) growth in maize, confirming nitric oxide (NO) as a putative modulator. Nitrate restoration induced PR elongation within the first 2 h, corresponding to a stimulation of cell elongation at the basal border of the TZ. Xyloglucans (XGs) immunolocalization together with Brefeldin A applications demonstrated that nitrate resupply induces XG accumulation. This effect was blocked by cPTIO (NO scavenger). Transcriptional analysis of ZmXET1 confirmed the stimulatory effect of nitrate on XGs accumulation in cells of the TZ. Immunolocalization analyses revealed a positive effect of nitrate resupply on auxin and PIN1 accumulation, but a transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis/transport/signaling genes was excluded. Short-term nitrate treatment repressed the transcription of genes involved in strigolactones (SLs) biosynthesis and transport, mainly in the TZ. Enhancement of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) transcription in presence of cPTIO indicated endogenous NO as a negative modulator of CCDs activity. Finally, treatment with the SLs-biosynthesis inhibitor (TIS108) restored the root growth in the nitrate-starved seedlings. Present report suggests that the NO-mediated root apex responses to nitrate are accomplished in cells of the TZ via integrative actions of auxin, NO and SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Manoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Boris Voigt
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Ken Yokawa
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
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26
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Trevisan S, Manoli A, Ravazzolo L, Botton A, Pivato M, Masi A, Quaggiotti S. Nitrate sensing by the maize root apex transition zone: a merged transcriptomic and proteomic survey. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3699-715. [PMID: 25911739 PMCID: PMC4473975 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an essential nutrient for plants, and crops depend on its availability for growth and development, but its presence in agricultural soils is far from stable. In order to overcome nitrate fluctuations in soil, plants have developed adaptive mechanisms allowing them to grow despite changes in external nitrate availability. Nitrate can act as both nutrient and signal, regulating global gene expression in plants, and the root tip has been proposed as the sensory organ. A set of genome-wide studies has demonstrated several nitrate-regulated genes in the roots of many plants, although only a few studies have been carried out on distinct root zones. To unravel new details of the transcriptomic and proteomic responses to nitrate availability in a major food crop, a double untargeted approach was conducted on a transition zone-enriched root portion of maize seedlings subjected to differing nitrate supplies. The results highlighted a complex transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming that occurs in response to nitrate, emphasizing the role of this root zone in sensing and transducing nitrate signal. Our findings indicated a relationship of nitrate with biosynthesis and signalling of several phytohormones, such as auxin, strigolactones, and brassinosteroids. Moreover, the already hypothesized involvement of nitric oxide in the early response to nitrate was confirmed with the use of nitric oxide inhibitors. Our results also suggested that cytoskeleton activation and cell wall modification occurred in response to nitrate provision in the transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alessandro Manoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Laura Ravazzolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alessandro Botton
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Micaela Pivato
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy Proteomics Centre of Padova University, VIMM and Padova University Hospital, Via Giuseppe Orus, 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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27
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Masi E, Ciszak M, Comparini D, Monetti E, Pandolfi C, Azzarello E, Mugnai S, Baluška F, Mancuso S. The electrical network of maize root apex is gravity dependent. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7730. [PMID: 25588706 PMCID: PMC4295110 DOI: 10.1038/srep07730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations carried out on maize roots under microgravity and hypergravity revealed that gravity conditions have strong effects on the network of plant electrical activity. Both the duration of action potentials (APs) and their propagation velocities were significantly affected by gravity. Similarly to what was reported for animals, increased gravity forces speed-up APs and enhance synchronized electrical events also in plants. The root apex transition zone emerges as the most active, as well as the most sensitive, root region in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Masi
- LINV, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marzena Ciszak
- 1] LINV, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy [2] CNR, National Institute of Optics (INO), L.go E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Comparini
- 1] LINV, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy [2] LINV@Kitakyushu Research Center, University of Kitakyushu, 808-0135 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emanuela Monetti
- LINV, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Camilla Pandolfi
- LINV, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Elisa Azzarello
- LINV, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Sergio Mugnai
- LINV, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Frantisek Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- LINV, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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28
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Qu Y, Li R, Baluška F, Wan Y. Mapping of Membrane Lipid Order in Root Apex Zones of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1151. [PMID: 26734047 PMCID: PMC4685293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used the fluorescence probe, Di-4-ANEPPDHQ, to map the distribution of membrane lipid order in the apical region of Arabidopsis roots. The generalized polarization (GP) value of Di-4-ANEPPDHQ-stained roots indicated the highest lipid order in the root transition zone (RTZ). The cortical cells have higher lipid order than the epidermal cells in same regions, while the developing root hairs show very prominent cell polarity with high lipid order in apical region. Moreover, the endosomes had lower lipid order than that of the plasma membrane (PM). Brefeldin A (BFA) treatment decreased the lipid order in both the plasma and endosomal membranes of epidermal cells in the RTZ. The lipid order of BFA-induced compartments became higher than that of the PM after BFA treatment in epidermal cells. Meanwhile, the polarly growing tips of root hairs did not show the same behavior. The lipid order of the PM remained unchanged, with higher values than that of the endosomes. This suggests that the lipid ordering in the PM was affected by recycling of endosomal vesicles in epidermal cells of the root apex transition zone but not in the root hairs of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiran Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yanli Qu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglang Wan,
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29
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Sudo K, Park JI, Sakazono S, Masuko-Suzuki H, Osaka M, Kawagishi M, Fujita K, Maruoka M, Nanjo H, Suzuki G, Suwabe K, Watanabe M. Demonstration in vivo of the role of Arabidopsis PLIM2 actin-binding proteins during pollination. Genes Genet Syst 2014; 88:279-87. [PMID: 24694391 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.88.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant reproduction, pollination is the initial key process in bringing together the male and female gametophytes. When a pollen grain lands on the surface of the stigma, information is exchanged between the pollen and stigmatic cell to determine whether the pollen grain will be accepted or rejected. If it is accepted, the stigmatic papilla cell supplies water and other resources to the pollen for germination and pollen tube elongation. Cellular processes involving actin are essential for pollen germination and tube growth, and actin-binding proteins regulate these processes by interacting with actin filaments to assemble cytoskeletal structures and actin networks. LIM proteins, which belong to a subfamily of cysteine-rich proteins, are a family of actin-binding proteins in plants, and are considered to be important for formation of the actin cytoskeleton and maintenance of its dynamics. Although the physiological and biochemical characteristics of LIMs have been elucidated in vitro in a variety of cell types, their exact role in pollen germination and pollen tube growth during pollination remained unclear. In this manuscript, we focus on the pollen-specific LIM proteins, AtPLIM2a and AtPLIM2c, and define their biological function during pollination in Arabidopsis thaliana. The atplim2a/atplim2c double knockdown RNAi plants showed a reduced pollen germination, approximately one-fifth of wild type, and slower pollen tube growth in the pistil, that is 80.4 μm/hr compared to 140.8 μm/hr in wild type. These defects led to an occasional unfertilized ovule at the bottom of the silique in RNAi plants. Our data provide direct evidence of the biological function of LIM proteins during pollination as actin-binding proteins, modulating cytoskeletal structures and actin networks, and their consequent importance in seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sudo
- Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Genetics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
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30
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Li Y, Shi W, Wang X. New insights into how increases in fertility improve the growth of rice at the seedling stage in red soil regions of subtropical China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109161. [PMID: 25291182 PMCID: PMC4188606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The differences in rhizosphere nitrification activities between high- and low- fertility soils appear to be related to differences in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the soil, implying a relationship to differences in the radial oxygen loss (ROL) of rice roots in these soils. A miniaturised Clark-type oxygen microelectrode system was used to determine rice root ROL and the rhizosphere oxygen profile, and rhizosphere nitrification activity was studied using a short-term nitrification activity assay. Rice planting significantly altered the oxygen cycling in the water-soil system due to rice root ROL. Although the oxygen content in control high-fertility soil (without rice plants) was lower than that in control low-fertility soil, high rice root ROL significantly improved the rhizosphere oxygen concentration in the high-fertility soil. High soil fertility improved the rice root growth and root porosity as well as rice root ROL, resulting in enhanced rhizosphere nitrification. High fertility also increased the content of nitrification-induced nitrate in the rhizosphere, resulting in enhanced ammonium uptake and assimilation in the rice. Although high ammonium pools in the high-fertility soil increased rhizosphere nitrification, rice root ROL might also contribute to rhizosphere nitrification improvement. This study provides new insights into the reasons that an increase in soil fertility may enhance the growth of rice. Our results suggest that an amendment of the fertiliser used in nutrient- and nitrification-poor paddy soils in the red soil regions of China may significantly promote rice growth and rice N nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Research of Red Soil, Yingtan, Jiangxi, China
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31
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Mugnai S, Pandolfi C, Masi E, Azzarello E, Monetti E, Comparini D, Voigt B, Volkmann D, Mancuso S. Oxidative stress and NO signalling in the root apex as an early response to changes in gravity conditions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:834134. [PMID: 25197662 PMCID: PMC4150467 DOI: 10.1155/2014/834134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen influx showed an asymmetry in the transition zone of the root apex when roots were placed horizontally on ground. The influx increased only in the upper side, while no changes were detected in the division and in the elongation zone. Nitric oxide (NO) was also monitored after gravistimulation, revealing a sudden burst only in the transition zone. In order to confirm these results in real microgravity conditions, experiments have been set up by using parabolic flights and drop tower. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also monitored. Oxygen, NO, and ROS were continuously monitored during normal and hyper- and microgravity conditions in roots of maize seedlings. A distinct signal in oxygen and NO fluxes was clearly detected only in the apex zone during microgravity, with no significant changes in normal and in hypergravity conditions. The same results were obtained by ROS measurement. The detrimental effect of D'orenone, disrupting the polarised auxin transport, on the onset of the oxygen peaks during the microgravity period was also evaluated. Results indicates an active role of NO and ROS as messengers during the gravitropic response, with probable implications in the auxin redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Mugnai
- DISPAA, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- HSO-USB, ESTEC, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Pandolfi
- DISPAA, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisa Masi
- DISPAA, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisa Azzarello
- DISPAA, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Monetti
- DISPAA, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Diego Comparini
- DISPAA, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Boris Voigt
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Volkmann
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- DISPAA, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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32
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Trevisan S, Manoli A, Quaggiotti S. NO signaling is a key component of the root growth response to nitrate in Zea mays L. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28290. [PMID: 24613869 PMCID: PMC4091522 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Roots are considered to be a vital organ system of plants due to their involvement in water and nutrient uptake, anchorage, propagation, storage functions, secondary metabolite (including hormones) biosynthesis, and accumulation. Crops are strongly dependent on the availability of nitrogen in soil and on the efficiency of nitrogen utilization for biomass production and yield. However, knowledge about molecular responses to nitrogen fluctuations mainly derives from the study of model species. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to be implicated in plant adaptation to environment, but its exact role in the response of plants to nutritional stress is still under evaluation. Recently a novel role for NO production and scavenging, thanks to the coordinate spatio-temporal expression of nitrate reductase and non-symbiotic hemoglobins, in the maize root response to nitrate has been postulated. This control of NO homeostasis is preferentially accomplished by the cells of the root transition zone (TZ) which seem to represent the most nitrate responsive portion of maize root. The TZ is already known to function as a sensory center able to gather information from the external environment and to re-elaborate them in an adequate response. These results indicate that it could play a central role also for nitrate sensing by roots. A lot of work is still needed to identify and characterize other upstream and downstream signals involved in the "nitrate-NO" pathway, leading to root architecture adjustments and finally to stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment (DAFNAE); University of Padua; Agripolis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alessandro Manoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment (DAFNAE); University of Padua; Agripolis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment (DAFNAE); University of Padua; Agripolis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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33
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New Insights into the Metabolic and Molecular Mechanism of Plant Response to Anaerobiosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 311:231-64. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800179-0.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Manoli A, Begheldo M, Genre A, Lanfranco L, Trevisan S, Quaggiotti S. NO homeostasis is a key regulator of early nitrate perception and root elongation in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:185-200. [PMID: 24220653 PMCID: PMC3883287 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop plant development is strongly dependent on nitrogen availability in the soil and on the efficiency of its recruitment by roots. For this reason, the understanding of the molecular events underlying root adaptation to nitrogen fluctuations is a primary goal to develop biotechnological tools for sustainable agriculture. However, knowledge about molecular responses to nitrogen availability is derived mainly from the study of model species. Nitric oxide (NO) has been recently proposed to be implicated in plant responses to environmental stresses, but its exact role in the response of plants to nutritional stress is still under evaluation. In this work, the role of NO production by maize roots after nitrate perception was investigated by focusing on the regulation of transcription of genes involved in NO homeostasis and by measuring NO production in roots. Moreover, its involvement in the root growth response to nitrate was also investigated. The results provide evidence that NO is produced by nitrate reductase as an early response to nitrate supply and that the coordinated induction of non-symbiotic haemoglobins (nsHbs) could finely regulate the NO steady state. This mechanism seems to be implicated on the modulation of the root elongation in response to nitrate perception. Moreover, an improved agar-plate system for growing maize seedlings was developed. This system, which allows localized treatments to be performed on specific root portions, gave the opportunity to discern between localized and systemic effects of nitrate supply to roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Manoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Maura Begheldo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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35
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Baluška F, Mancuso S. Root apex transition zone as oscillatory zone. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:354. [PMID: 24106493 PMCID: PMC3788588 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Root apex of higher plants shows very high sensitivity to environmental stimuli. The root cap acts as the most prominent plant sensory organ; sensing diverse physical parameters such as gravity, light, humidity, oxygen, and critical inorganic nutrients. However, the motoric responses to these stimuli are accomplished in the elongation region. This spatial discrepancy was solved when we have discovered and characterized the transition zone which is interpolated between the apical meristem and the subapical elongation zone. Cells of this zone are very active in the cytoskeletal rearrangements, endocytosis and endocytic vesicle recycling, as well as in electric activities. Here we discuss the oscillatory nature of the transition zone which, together with several other features of this zone, suggest that it acts as some kind of command center. In accordance with the early proposal of Charles and Francis Darwin, cells of this root zone receive sensory information from the root cap and instruct the motoric responses of cells in the elongation zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Cell Biology, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- LINV – DiSPAA, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of FlorenceSesto Fiorentino, Italy
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36
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Schlicht M, Ludwig-Müller J, Burbach C, Volkmann D, Baluska F. Indole-3-butyric acid induces lateral root formation via peroxisome-derived indole-3-acetic acid and nitric oxide. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:473-482. [PMID: 23795714 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlled plant growth requires regulation through a variety of signaling molecules, including steroids, peptides, radicals of oxygen and nitrogen, as well as the 'classical' phytohormone groups. Auxin is critical for the control of plant growth and also orchestrates many developmental processes, such as the formation of new roots. It modulates root architecture both slowly, through actions at the transcriptional level and, more rapidly, by mechanisms targeting primarily plasma membrane sensory systems and intracellular signaling pathways. The latter reactions use several second messengers, including Ca(2+) , nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we investigated the different roles of two auxins, the major auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and another endogenous auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), in the lateral root formation process of Arabidopsis and maize. This was mainly analyzed by different types of fluorescence microscopy and inhibitors of NO production. This study revealed that peroxisomal IBA to IAA conversion is followed by peroxisomal NO, which is important for IBA-induced lateral root formation. We conclude that peroxisomal NO emerges as a new player in auxin-induced root organogenesis. In particular, the spatially and temporally coordinated release of NO and IAA from peroxisomes is behind the strong promotion of lateral root formation via IBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schlicht
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Burbach
- Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Volkmann
- Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frantisek Baluska
- Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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37
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Voesenek LACJ, Bailey-Serres J. Flooding tolerance: O2 sensing and survival strategies. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:647-653. [PMID: 23830867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of flooding survival strategies in model, crop and wild plant species has yielded insights into molecular, physiological and developmental mechanisms of soil flooding (waterlogging) and submergence survival. The antithetical flooding escape and quiescence strategies of deepwater and submergence tolerant rice (Oryza sativa), respectively, are regulated by members of a clade of ethylene responsive factor transcriptional activators. This knowledge paved the way for the discovery that these proteins are targets of a highly conserved O2-sensing protein turnover mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Further examples of genes that regulate transcription, root and shoot metabolism or development during floods have emerged. With the rapid advancement of genomic technologies, the mining of natural genetic variation in flooding tolerant wild species may ultimately benefit crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A C J Voesenek
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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38
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Baluška F, Mancuso S. Ion channels in plants: from bioelectricity, via signaling, to behavioral actions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23009. [PMID: 23221742 PMCID: PMC3745586 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In his recent opus magnum review paper published in the October issue of Physiology Reviews, Rainer Hedrich summarized the field of plant ion channels. (1) He started from the earliest electric recordings initiated by Charles Darwin of carnivorous Dionaea muscipula, (1,2) known as Venus flytrap, and covered the topic extensively up to the most recent discoveries on Shaker-type potassium channels, anion channels of SLAC/SLAH families, and ligand-activated channels of glutamate receptor-like type (GLR) and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC). (1.)
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Affiliation(s)
- František Baluška
- University of Bonn; IZMB; Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence to: František Baluška,
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