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Wang X, Wu L, Zhang W, Qiu S, Xu Z, Wan H, He J, Wang W, Wang M, Yin Q, Shi Y, Gao R, Xiang L, Yang W. Multi-omics analysis reveals promiscuous O-glycosyltransferases involved in the diversity of flavonoid glycosides in Periploca forrestii (Apocynaceae). Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1106-1116. [PMID: 38495554 PMCID: PMC10940802 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides are widespread in plants, and are of great interest owing to their diverse biological activities and effectiveness in preventing chronic diseases. Periploca forrestii, a renowned medicinal plant of the Apocynaceae family, contains diverse flavonoid glycosides and is clinically used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic injuries. However, the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of these flavonoid glycosides have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we used widely targeted metabolomics and full-length transcriptome sequencing to identify flavonoid diversity and biosynthetic genes in P. forrestii. A total of 120 flavonoid glycosides, including 21 C-, 96 O-, and 3 C/O-glycosides, were identified and annotated. Based on 24,123 full-length coding sequences, 99 uridine diphosphate sugar-utilizing glycosyltransferases (UGTs) were identified and classified into 14 groups. Biochemical assays revealed that four UGTs exhibited O-glycosyltransferase activity toward apigenin and luteolin. Among them, PfUGT74B4 and PfUGT92A8 were highly promiscuous and exhibited multisite O-glycosylation or consecutive glycosylation activities toward various flavonoid aglycones. These four glycosyltransferases may significantly contribute to the diversity of flavonoid glycosides in P. forrestii. Our findings provide a valuable genetic resource for further studies on P. forrestii and insights into the metabolic engineering of bioactive flavonoid glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150006, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wanran Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150006, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150006, China
| | - Huihua Wan
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiang He
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Medicine, Urumqi 830004, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qinggang Yin
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ranran Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Medicine, Urumqi 830004, China
- Prescription Laboratory of Xinjiang Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urmuqi 830000, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Medicine, Urumqi 830004, China
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Zheng Y, Zhao S, Zhang M, Yang L, Wu X, Tan R, Jiang H. Progress based on a multi-omics research strategy in the biosynthesis and modernization of active ingredients of Herpetospermum pedunculosum seeds. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106113. [PMID: 38971329 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Herpetospermum pedunculosum seeds also known as Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall. is the mature seed of the Herpetospermum pedunculosum(Ser.) C. B. Clarke,Cucurbitaceae. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that H. pedunculosum has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-gout and antibacterial pharmacological activities. The biologically active chemical components include lignin compounds such as Herpetin, Herpetetrone, Herpetoriol and so on. The natural product displays considerable skeletal diversity and structural complexity, offering significant opportunities for novel drug discovery. Based on the multi-omics research strategy and the 'gene-protein-metabolite' research framework, the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoids and lignans in H. pedunculosum has has been elucidated at multiple levels. These approaches provide comprehensive genetic information for cloning and identification of pertinent enzyme genes. Furthermore, the application of multi-omics integrative approaches provides a scientific means to elucidate entire secondary metabolic pathways. We investigated the biosynthetic pathways of lignin and terpene components in H. pedunculosum and conducted bioinformatics analysis of the crucial enzyme genes involved in the biosynthetic process using genomic and transcriptomic data. We identified candidate genes for six key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. This review reports on the current literature on pharmacological investigations of H. pedunculosum, proposing its potential as an antidiabetic agent. Moreover, we conclude, for the first time, the identification of key enzyme genes potentially involved in the biosynthesis of active compounds in H. pedunculosum. This review provides a scientific foundation for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 613100, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 613100, PR China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 613100, PR China
| | - Lijiao Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 613100, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 613100, PR China
| | - Rui Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 613100, PR China.
| | - Hezhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 613100, PR China.
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Zhang H, Guo L, Su Y, Wang R, Yang W, Mu W, Xuan L, Huang L, Wang J, Gao W. Hosts engineering and in vitro enzymatic synthesis for the discovery of novel natural products and their derivatives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:1121-1139. [PMID: 37574211 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2236787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel natural products (NPs) and their derivatives are important sources for drug discovery, which have been broadly applied in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and medicine, making the synthesis of NPs and their derivatives necessarily important. In recent years, biosynthesis technology has received increasing attention due to its high efficiency in the synthesis of high value-added novel products and its advantages of green, environmental protection, and controllability. In this review, the technological advances of biosynthesis strategies in the discovery of novel NPs and their derivatives are outlined, with an emphasis on two areas of host engineering and in vitro enzymatic synthesis. In terms of hosts engineering, multiple microorganisms, including Streptomyces, Aspergillus, and Penicillium, have been used as the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) provider and host strain for the expression of BGCs to discover new compounds over the past years. In addition, the use of in vitro enzymatic synthesis strategy to generate novel compounds such as triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids is also hereby described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yaowu Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rubing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenrong Mu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liangshuang Xuan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Lu C, Wang H, Zheng D, Jia S, Xing Q, Wang Z, Li Q, Zhao L. Cloning and Direct Evolution of a Novel 7- O-Glycosyltransferase from Cucurbita moschata and Its Application in the Efficient Biocatalytic Synthesis of Luteolin-7- O-glucoside. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19093-19106. [PMID: 39161099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Luteolin-7-O-glucoside(L7G), a glycosylation product of luteolin, is present in a variety of foods, vegetables, and medicinal herbs and is commonly used in dietary supplements due to its health benefits. Meanwhile, luteolin-7-O-glucoside is an indicator component for the quality control of honeysuckle in the pharmacopoeia. However, its low content in plants has hindered its use in animal pharmacological studies and clinical practice. In this study, a novel 7-O-glycosyltransferase CmGT from Cucurbita moschata was cloned, which could efficiently convert luteolin into luteolin-7-O-glucoside under optimal conditions (40 °C and pH 8.5). To further improve the catalytic efficiency of CmGT, a 3D structure of CmGT was constructed, and directed evolution was performed. The mutant CmGT-S16A-T80W was obtained by using alanine scanning and iterative saturation mutagenesis. This mutant exhibited a kcat/Km value of 772 s-1·M-1, which was 3.16-fold of the wild-type enzyme CmGT. Finally, by introducing a soluble tag and UDPG synthesis pathway, the strain BXC was able to convert 1.25 g/L of luteolin into 1.91 g/L of luteolin-7-O-glucoside under optimal conditions, achieving a molar conversion rate of 96% and a space-time yield of 27.08 mg/L/h. This study provides an efficient method for the biosynthesis of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, which holds broad application prospects in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Daiyi Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shutong Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiqi Xing
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 58 Haichang South Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Qi Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jinpu Research institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jinpu Research institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Chen N, Cao W, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Yiasmin MN, Tristanto NA, Hua X. Recent advancements in mogrosides: A review on biological activities, synthetic biology, and applications in the food industry. Food Chem 2024; 449:139277. [PMID: 38608607 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mogrosides are low-calorie, biologically active sweeteners that face high production costs due to strict cultivation requirements and the low yield of monk fruit. The rapid advancement in synthetic biology holds the potential to overcome this challenge. This review presents mogrosides exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and liver protective activities, with their efficacy in diabetes treatment surpassing that of Xiaoke pills (a Chinese diabetes medication). It also discusses the latest elucidated biosynthesis pathways of mogrosides, highlighting the challenges and research gaps in this field. The critical and most challenging step in this pathway is the transformation of mogrol into a variety of mogrosides by different UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), primarily hindered by the poor substrate selectivity, product specificity, and low catalytic efficiency of current UGTs. Finally, the applications of mogrosides in the current food industry and the challenges they face are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weichao Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuying Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xijia Zhang
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Jiangsu Stevia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mst Nushrat Yiasmin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | | | - Xiao Hua
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Gong S, Li C, Chu Q, Gao W, Su P, Cui G, Tang J, Qu G, Sun Z, Guo J, Huang L. Rationally Engineered Novel Glycosyltransferase UGT74DD1 from Siraitia grosvenorii Catalyzes the Generation of the Sweetener Mogroside III. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18214-18224. [PMID: 39101349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Mogrosides are natural compounds highly valued in the food sector for their exceptional sweetness. Here, we report a novel O-glycosyltransferase (UGT74DD1) from Siraitia grosvenorii that catalyzes the conversion of mogrol to mogroside IIE. Site-directed mutagenesis yielded the UGT74DD1-W351A mutant, which exhibited the new capability to transform mogroside IIE into the valuable sweetener mogroside III, but with low catalytic activity. Subsequently, using structure-guided directed evolution with combinatorial active-site saturation testing, the superior mutant M6 (W351A/Q373 K/E49H/Q335W/S278C/D17F) were obtained, which showed a 46.1-fold increase in catalytic activity compared to UGT74DD1-W351A. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the enhanced activity and extended substrate profiles of M6 are due to its enlarged substrate-binding pocket and strengthened enzyme-substrate hydrogen bonding interactions. Overall, we redesigned UGT74DD1, yielding mutants that catalyze the conversion of mogrol into mogroside III. This study thus broadens the toolbox of UGTs capable of catalyzing the formation of valuable polyglycoside compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qi Chu
- School of Food Engineering, Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology for Prepared Food, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
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Cao Y, Han Z, Zhang Z, He L, Huang C, Chen J, Dai F, Xuan L, Yan S, Si Z, Hu Y, Zhang T. UDP-glucosyltransferase 71C4 controls the flux of phenylpropanoid metabolism to shape cotton seed development. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100938. [PMID: 38689494 PMCID: PMC11369780 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Seeds play a crucial role in plant reproduction, making it essential to identify genes that affect seed development. In this study, we focused on UDP-glucosyltransferase 71C4 (UGT71C4) in cotton, a member of the glycosyltransferase family that shapes seed width and length, thereby influencing seed index and seed cotton yield. Overexpression of UGT71C4 results in seed enlargement owing to its glycosyltransferase activity on flavonoids, which redirects metabolic flux from lignin to flavonoid metabolism. This shift promotes cell proliferation in the ovule via accumulation of flavonoid glycosides, significantly enhancing seed cotton yield and increasing the seed index from 10.66 g to 11.91 g. By contrast, knockout of UGT71C4 leads to smaller seeds through activation of the lignin metabolism pathway and redirection of metabolic flux back to lignin synthesis. This redirection leads to increased ectopic lignin deposition in the ovule, inhibiting ovule growth and development, and alters yield components, increasing the lint percentage from 41.42% to 43.40% and reducing the seed index from 10.66 g to 8.60 g. Our research sheds new light on seed size development and reveals potential pathways for enhancing seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Zegang Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Lu He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chujun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Xuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunyi Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanfeng Si
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, the Advanced Seed Institute, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China.
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8
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Wu H, Cui H, Tian Y, Wu J, Bai Z, Zhang X. Exogenous ethephon treatment on the biosynthesis and accumulation of astragaloside IV in Astragalus membranaceus Bge. Var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2024; 65:16. [PMID: 38967679 PMCID: PMC11226570 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-024-00426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragaloside IV is a main medicinal active ingredient in Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, which is also the key biomarker of A. membranaceus quality. Ethylene has been well-documented to involve in secondary metabolites biosynthesis in plants. Nevertheless, how ethylene regulates astragaloside IV biosynthesis in A. membranaceus is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study different dosages and time-dependent exogenous application of ethephon (Eth) were employed to analyze astragaloside IV accumulation and its biosynthesis genes expression level in hydroponically A. membranaceus. RESULTS Exogenous 200 µmol·L- 1Eth supply is most significantly increased astragaloside IV contents in A. membranaceus when compared with non-Eth supply. After 12 h 200 µmol·L- 1 Eth treatment, the astragaloside IV contents reaching the highest content at 3 d Eth treatment(P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, After Eth treatment, all detected key genes involved in astragaloside IV synthesis were significant decrease at 3rd day(P ≤ 0.05). However, SE displayed a significant increase at the 3rd day under Eth treatment(P ≤ 0.05). Under Eth treatment, the expression level of FPS, HMGR, IDI, SS, and CYP93E3 exhibited significant negative correlations with astragaloside IV content, while expression level of SE displayed a significant positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exogenous Eth treatment can influence the synthesis of astragaloside IV by regulating the expression of FPS, HMGR, IDI, SS, CYP93E3 and SE. This study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing molecular strategies to enhance the quality of A. membranaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Hang Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China.
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Li J, Li R, Shang N, Men Y, Cai Y, Zeng Y, Liu W, Yang J, Sun Y. Enzymatic Synthesis of Novel Terpenoid Glycoside Derivatives Decorated with N-Acetylglucosamine Catalyzed by UGT74AC1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14255-14263. [PMID: 38867497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The addition of the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a significant modification for active molecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and natural products. However, the synthesis of terpenoid glycoside derivatives decorated with GlcNAc remains a challenging task due to the absence of glycosyltransferases, key enzymes for catalyzing the transfer of GlcNAc to terpenoids. In this study, we demonstrated that the enzyme mutant UGT74AC1T79Y/L48M/R28H/L109I/S15A/M76L/H47R efficiently transferred GlcNAc from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GlcNAc to a variety of terpenoids. This powerful enzyme was employed to synthesize GlcNAc-decorated derivatives of terpenoids, including mogrol, steviol, andrographolide, protopanaxadiol, glycyrrhetinic acid, ursolic acid, and betulinic acid for the first time. To unravel the mechanism of UDP-GlcNAc recognition, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the inactivated mutant UGT74AC1His18A/Asp111A in complex with UDP-GlcNAc at a resolution of 1.66 Å. Through molecular dynamic simulation and activity analysis, we revealed the molecular mechanism and catalytically important amino acids directly involved in the recognition of UDP-GlcNAc. Overall, this study not only provided a potent biocatalyst capable of glycodiversifying natural products but also elucidated the structural basis for UDP-GlcNAc recognition by glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Na Shang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yan Men
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yi Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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10
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Zhou M, Fan J, Gao Y, Zheng C, Xu Y, Jia L, An X, Chen Z. Identification and analysis of UGT genes associated with triterpenoid saponin in soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:588. [PMID: 38902602 PMCID: PMC11191301 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) is an economically important multifunctional tree species. Triterpenoid saponins have many functions in soapberry. However, the types of uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in the synthesis of triterpenoid saponins in soapberry have not been clarified. RESULTS In this study, 42 SmUGTs were identified in soapberry, which were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes and had sequence lengths of 450 bp to 1638 bp, with an average of 1388 bp. The number of amino acids in SmUGTs was 149 to 545, with an average of 462. Most SmUGTs were acidic and hydrophilic unstable proteins, and their secondary structures were mainly α-helices and random coils. All had conserved UDPGT and PSPG-box domains. Phylogenetic analysis divided them into four subclasses, which glycosylated different carbon atoms. Prediction of cis-acting elements suggested roles of SmUGTs in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. The expression patterns of SmUGTs differed according to the developmental stage of fruits, as determined by transcriptomics and RT-qPCR. Co-expression network analysis of SmUGTs and related genes/transcription factors in the triterpenoid saponin synthesis pathway was also performed. The results indicated potential roles for many transcription factors, such as SmERFs, SmGATAs and SmMYBs. A correlation analysis showed that 42 SmUGTs were crucial in saponin synthesis in soapberry. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest optimal targets for manipulating glycosylation in soapberry triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis; they also provide a theoretical foundation for further evaluation of the functions of SmUGTs and analyses of their biosynthetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of Engineering Research Centre for Forest and Grassland Carbon Sequestration, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, P. O. Box 407, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jialin Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of Engineering Research Centre for Forest and Grassland Carbon Sequestration, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, P. O. Box 407, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of Engineering Research Centre for Forest and Grassland Carbon Sequestration, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, P. O. Box 407, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of Engineering Research Centre for Forest and Grassland Carbon Sequestration, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, P. O. Box 407, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Liming Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of Engineering Research Centre for Forest and Grassland Carbon Sequestration, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, P. O. Box 407, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinmin An
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education of Engineering Research Centre for Forest and Grassland Carbon Sequestration, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, P. O. Box 407, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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11
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Yu H, Zhou J, Zhang J, He X, Peng S, Ling H, Dong Z, Lu X, Tian Y, Guan G, Tang Q, Zhong X, He Y. Functional Identification of HhUGT74AG11-A Key Glycosyltransferase Involved in Biosynthesis of Oleanane-Type Saponins in Hedera helix. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4067. [PMID: 38612877 PMCID: PMC11012674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hedera helix is a traditional medicinal plant. Its primary active ingredients are oleanane-type saponins, which have extensive pharmacological effects such as gastric mucosal protection, autophagy regulation actions, and antiviral properties. However, the glycosylation-modifying enzymes responsible for catalyzing oleanane-type saponin biosynthesis remain unidentified. Through transcriptome, cluster analysis, and PSPG structural domain, this study preliminarily screened four candidate UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), including Unigene26859, Unigene31717, CL11391.Contig2, and CL144.Contig9. In in vitro enzymatic reactions, it has been observed that Unigene26859 (HhUGT74AG11) has the ability to facilitate the conversion of oleanolic acid, resulting in the production of oleanolic acid 28-O-glucopyranosyl ester. Moreover, HhUGT74AG11 exhibits extensive substrate hybridity and specific stereoselectivity and can transfer glycosyl donors to the C-28 site of various oleanane-type triterpenoids (hederagenin and calenduloside E) and the C-7 site of flavonoids (tectorigenin). Cluster analysis found that HhUGT74AG11 is clustered together with functionally identified genes AeUGT74AG6, CaUGT74AG2, and PgUGT74AE2, further verifying the possible reason for HhUGT74AG11 catalyzing substrate generalization. In this study, a novel glycosyltransferase, HhUGT74AG11, was characterized that plays a role in oleanane-type saponins biosynthesis in H. helix, providing a theoretical basis for the production of rare and valuable triterpenoid saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinyi He
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Siqing Peng
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hao Ling
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhuang Dong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiangyang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (Y.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (Y.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Guiping Guan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (Y.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuedong He
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (Y.T.); (G.G.)
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12
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P, Long H, Wang J, Yang W, Yao W. Siraitia grosvenorii As a Homologue of Food and Medicine: A Review of Biological Activity, Mechanisms of Action, Synthetic Biology, and Applications in Future Food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6850-6870. [PMID: 38513114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Siraitia grosvenorii (SG), also known as Luo Han Guo or Monk fruit, boasts a significant history in food and medicine. This review delves into SG's historical role and varied applications in traditional Chinese culture, examining its phytochemical composition and the health benefits of its bioactive compounds. It further explores SG's biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties and elucidates the mechanisms behind these effects. The review also highlights recent synthetic biology advances in enhancing the production of SG's bioactive compounds, presenting new opportunities for broadening their availability. Ultimately, this review emphasizes SG's value in food and medicine, showcasing its historical and cultural importance, phytochemistry, biological functions, action mechanisms, and the role of synthetic biology in its sustainable use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiating Wang
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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13
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Dai L, Li H, Dai S, Zhang Q, Zheng H, Hu Y, Guo RT, Chen CC. Structural and functional insights into the self-sufficient flavin-dependent halogenase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129312. [PMID: 38216020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs) have tremendous applications in synthetic chemistry. A single-component FDH, AetF, exhibits both halogenase and reductase activities in a continuous polypeptide chain. AetF exhibits broad substrate promiscuity and catalyzes the two-step bromination of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) to produce 5-bromotryptophan (5-Br-Trp) and 5,7-dibromo-l-tryptophan (5,7-di-Br-Trp). To elucidate the mechanism of action of AetF, we solved its crystal structure in complex with FAD, FAD/NADP+, FAD/l-Trp, and FAD/5-Br-Trp at resolutions of 1.92-2.23 Å. The obtained crystal structures depict the unprecedented topology of single-component FDH. Structural analysis revealed that the substrate flexibility and dibromination capability of AetF could be attributed to its spacious substrate-binding pocket. In addition, highly-regulated interaction networks between the substrate-recognizing residues and 5-Br-Trp are crucial for the dibromination activity of AetF. Several Ala variants underwent monobromination with >98 % C5-regioselectivity toward l-Trp. These results reveal the catalytic mechanism of single-component FDH for the first time and contribute to efficient FDH protein engineering for biocatalytic halogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Si Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Qishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Haibin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
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14
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Mu D, Shao Y, He J, Zhu L, Qiu D, Wilson IW, Zhang Y, Pan L, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Tang Q. Evaluation of Reference Genes for Normalizing RT-qPCR and Analysis of the Expression Patterns of WRKY1 Transcription Factor and Rhynchophylline Biosynthesis-Related Genes in Uncaria rhynchophylla. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16330. [PMID: 38003520 PMCID: PMC10671239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, a traditional medicinal herb, is enriched with several pharmacologically active terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). At present, no method has been reported that can comprehensively select and evaluate the appropriate reference genes for gene expression analysis, especially the transcription factors and key enzyme genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of TIAs in U. rhynchophylla. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is currently the most common method for detecting gene expression levels due to its high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and ease of use. However, this methodology is dependent on selecting an optimal reference gene to accurately normalize the RT-qPCR results. Ten candidate reference genes, which are homologues of genes used in other plant species and are common reference genes, were used to evaluate the expression stability under three stress-related experimental treatments (methyl jasmonate, ethylene, and low temperature) using multiple stability analysis methodologies. The results showed that, among the candidate reference genes, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAM) exhibited a higher expression stability under the experimental conditions tested. Using SAM as a reference gene, the expression profiles of 14 genes for key TIA enzymes and a WRKY1 transcription factor were examined under three experimental stress treatments that affect the accumulation of TIAs in U. rhynchophylla. The expression pattern of WRKY1 was similar to that of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) under ETH treatment. This research is the first to report the stability of reference genes in U. rhynchophylla and provides an important foundation for future gene expression analyses in U. rhynchophylla. The RT-qPCR results indicate that the expression of WRKY1 is similar to that of TDC under ETH treatment. It may coordinate the expression of TDC, providing a possible method to enhance alkaloid production in the future through synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detian Mu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jialong He
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Deyou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Iain W Wilson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Limei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi for High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dai-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Mu D, Wang L, Wang X, Wilson IW, Chen W, Wang J, Liu Z, Qiu D, Tang Q. Reference Genes Screening and Gene Expression Patterns Analysis Involved in Gelsenicine Biosynthesis under Different Hormone Treatments in Gelsemium elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15973. [PMID: 37958955 PMCID: PMC10648913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is an accurate method for quantifying gene expression levels. Choosing appropriate reference genes to normalize the data is essential for reducing errors. Gelsemium elegans is a highly poisonous but important medicinal plant used for analgesic and anti-swelling purposes. Gelsenicine is one of the vital active ingredients, and its biosynthesis pathway remains to be determined. In this study, G. elegans leaf tissue with and without the application of one of four hormones (SA, MeJA, ETH, and ABA) known to affect gelsenicine synthesis, was analyzed using ten candidate reference genes. The gene stability was evaluated using GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ∆CT, and RefFinder. The results showed that the optimal stable reference genes varied among the different treatments and that at least two reference genes were required for accurate quantification. The expression patterns of 15 genes related to the gelsenicine upstream biosynthesis pathway was determined by RT-qPCR using the relevant reference genes identified. Three genes 8-HGO, LAMT, and STR, were found to have a strong correlation with the amount of gelsenicine measured in the different samples. This research is the first study to examine the reference genes of G. elegans under different hormone treatments and will be useful for future molecular analyses of this medically important plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (L.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Detian Mu
- College of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (L.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Liya Wang
- College of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (L.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Xujun Wang
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410018, China
| | - Iain W. Wilson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (L.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Jinghan Wang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Deyou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (L.W.); (W.C.)
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16
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Qu G, Liu Y, Ma Q, Li J, Du G, Liu L, Lv X. Progress and Prospects of Natural Glycoside Sweetener Biosynthesis: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15926-15941. [PMID: 37856872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
To achieve an adequate sense of sweetness with a healthy low-sugar diet, it is necessary to explore and produce sugar alternatives. Recently, glycoside sweeteners and their biosynthetic approaches have attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, we first outlined the synthetic pathways of glycoside sweeteners, including the key enzymes and rate-limiting steps. Next, we reviewed the progress in engineered microorganisms producing glycoside sweeteners, including de novo synthesis, whole-cell catalysis synthesis, and in vitro synthesis. The applications of metabolic engineering strategies, such as cofactor engineering and enzyme modification, in the optimization of glycoside sweetener biosynthesis were summarized. Finally, the prospects of combining enzyme engineering and machine learning strategies to enhance the production of glycoside sweeteners were discussed. This review provides a perspective on synthesizing glycoside sweeteners in microbial cells, theoretically guiding the bioproduction of glycoside sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Shandong Jincheng Biological Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qinyuan Ma
- Shandong Jincheng Biological Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Company, Limited, Yixing 214200, P. R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Company, Limited, Yixing 214200, P. R. China
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17
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Mu D, Lu Y, Chen W, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Qin Y, Yuan J, Pan L, Tang Q. Selection of Reference Genes in Evodia rutaecarpa var. officinalis and Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Its Limonin Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3197. [PMID: 37765365 PMCID: PMC10534417 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant known for its therapeutic effects, which encompass the promotion of digestion, the dispelling of cold, the alleviation of pain, and the exhibition of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The principal active component of this plant, limonin, is a potent triterpene compound with notable pharmacological activities. Despite its significance, the complete biosynthesis pathway of limonin in E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis remains incompletely understood, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unexplored. The main purpose of this study was to screen the reference genes suitable for expression analysis in E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis, calculate the expression patterns of the genes in the limonin biosynthesis pathway, and identify the relevant enzyme genes related to limonin biosynthesis. The reference genes play a pivotal role in establishing reliable reference standards for normalizing the gene expression data, thereby ensuring precision and credibility in the biological research outcomes. In order to identify the optimal reference genes and gene expression patterns across the diverse tissues (e.g., roots, stems, leaves, and flower buds) and developmental stages (i.e., 17 July, 24 August, 1 September, and 24 October) of E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis, LC-MS was used to analyze the limonin contents in distinct tissue samples and developmental stages, and qRT-PCR technology was employed to investigate the expression patterns of the ten reference genes and eighteen genes involved in limonin biosynthesis. Utilizing a comprehensive analysis that integrated three software tools (GeNorm ver. 3.5, NormFinder ver. 0.953 and BestKeeper ver. 1.0) and Delta Ct method alongside the RefFinder website, the best reference genes were selected. Through the research, we determined that Act1 and UBQ served as the preferred reference genes for normalizing gene expression during various fruit developmental stages, while Act1 and His3 were optimal for different tissues. Using Act1 and UBQ as the reference genes, and based on the different fruit developmental stages, qRT-PCR analysis was performed on the pathway genes selected from the "full-length transcriptome + expression profile + metabolome" data in the limonin biosynthesis pathway of E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis. The findings indicated that there were consistent expression patterns of HMGCR, SQE, and CYP450 with fluctuations in the limonin contents, suggesting their potential involvement in the limonin biosynthesis of E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis. This study lays the foundation for further research on the metabolic pathway of limonin in E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis and provides reliable reference genes for other researchers to use for conducting expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (Y.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (Y.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Detian Mu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (Y.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ying Lu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (Y.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (Y.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yao Zhang
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (Y.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (Y.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ya Qin
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China;
| | - Jianhua Yuan
- Changsha Hemao Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Ningxiang County, Changsha 410609, China;
| | - Limei Pan
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China;
| | - Qi Tang
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.M.); (Y.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.)
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18
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Yue J, Zhang R, Hu YE, Huang R, Ji AJ, Hess BA, Liu Z, Duan L, Wu R. Discovering a uniform functional trade-off of the CBC-type 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases and deciphering its chemical logic. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1418. [PMID: 37285431 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many functionally promiscuous plant 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) have been found, but complete functional reshaping is rarely reported. In this study, we have identified two new plant OSCs: a unique protostadienol synthase (AoPDS) and a common cycloartenol synthase (AoCAS) from Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep. Multiscale simulations and mutagenesis experiments revealed that threonine-727 is an essential residue responsible for protosta-13 (17),24-dienol biosynthesis in AoPDS and that the F726T mutant completely reshapes the native function of AoCAS into a PDS function to yield almost exclusively protosta-13 (17),24-dienol. Unexpectedly, various native functions were uniformly reshaped into a PDS function by introducing the phenylalanine → threonine substitution at this conserved position in other plant and non-plant chair-boat-chair-type OSCs. Further computational modeling elaborated the trade-off mechanisms of the phenylalanine → threonine substitution that leads to the PDS activity. This study demonstrates a general strategy for functional reshaping by using a plastic residue based on the decipherment of the catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Er Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ruoshi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Jia Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - B Andes Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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19
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Li X, Chen G, Gao QQ, Xiang CF, Yuan CX, Li XN, Shu YY, Zhang GH, Liang YL, Yang SC, Zhai CX, Zhao Y. Site-directed mutagenesis identified the key active site residues of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase HcOSC6 responsible for cucurbitacins biosynthesis in Hemsleya chinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138893. [PMID: 37056503 PMCID: PMC10086137 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hemsleya chinensis is a Chinese traditional medicinal plant, containing cucurbitacin IIa (CuIIa) and cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb), both of which have a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, few studies have been explored on the key enzymes that are involved in cucurbitacins biosynthesis in H. chinensis. Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) is a vital enzyme for cyclizing 2,3-oxidosqualene and its analogues. Here, a gene encoding the oxidosqualene cyclase of H. chinensis (HcOSC6), catalyzing to produce cucurbitadienol, was used as a template of mutagenesis. With the assistance of AlphaFold2 and molecular docking, we have proposed for the first time to our knowledge the 3D structure of HcOSC6 and its binding features to 2,3-oxidosqualene. Mutagenesis experiments on HcOSC6 generated seventeen different single-point mutants, showing that single-residue changes could affect its activity. Three key amino acid residues of HcOSC6, E246, M261 and D490, were identified as a prominent role in controlling cyclization ability. Our findings not only comprehensively characterize three key residues that are potentially useful for producing cucurbitacins, but also provide insights into the significant role they could play in metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Qing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chun-Fan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Xiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Yu Shu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhai
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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20
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Bryson AE, Lanier ER, Lau KH, Hamilton JP, Vaillancourt B, Mathieu D, Yocca AE, Miller GP, Edger PP, Buell CR, Hamberger B. Uncovering a miltiradiene biosynthetic gene cluster in the Lamiaceae reveals a dynamic evolutionary trajectory. Nat Commun 2023; 14:343. [PMID: 36670101 PMCID: PMC9860074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial organization of genes within plant genomes can drive evolution of specialized metabolic pathways. Terpenoids are important specialized metabolites in plants with diverse adaptive functions that enable environmental interactions. Here, we report the genome assemblies of Prunella vulgaris, Plectranthus barbatus, and Leonotis leonurus. We investigate the origin and subsequent evolution of a diterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) together with other seven species within the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Based on core genes found in the BGCs of all species examined across the Lamiaceae, we predict a simplified version of this cluster evolved in an early Lamiaceae ancestor. The current composition of the extant BGCs highlights the dynamic nature of its evolution. We elucidate the terpene backbones generated by the Callicarpa americana BGC enzymes, including miltiradiene and the terpene (+)-kaurene, and show oxidization activities of BGC cytochrome P450s. Our work reveals the fluid nature of BGC assembly and the importance of genome structure in contributing to the origin of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Bryson
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emily R Lanier
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kin H Lau
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John P Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Davis Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan E Yocca
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Garret P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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21
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Thakur K, Partap M, Kumar P, Sharma R, Warghat AR. Understandings of bioactive composition, molecular regulation, and biotechnological interventions in the development and usage of specialized metabolites as health-promoting substances in Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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22
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Li J, Mu S, Yang J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Chen P, Zeng Y, Zhu Y, Sun Y. Glycosyltransferase engineering and multi-glycosylation routes development facilitating synthesis of high-intensity sweetener mogrosides. iScience 2022; 25:105222. [PMID: 36248741 PMCID: PMC9557039 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mogrosides are widely served as natural zero-calorie sweeteners. To date, the biosynthesis of high-intensity sweetness mogrosides V from mogrol has not been achieved because of inefficient and uncontrollable multi-glycosylation process. To address this challenge, we reported three UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyzing the primary and branched glycosylation of mogrosides and increased the catalytic efficiency by 74-400-folds toward branched glycosylation using an activity-based sequence conservative analysis engineering strategy. The computational studies provided insights into the origin of improved catalytic activity. By virtue of UGT mutants, we provided regio- and bond-controllable multi-glycosylation routes, successfully facilitating sequential glycosylation of mogrol to three kinds of mogroside V in excellent yield of 91-99%. Meanwhile, the feasibility of the routes was confirmed in engineered yeasts. It suggested that the multi-glycosylation routes would be combined with mogrol synthetic pathway to de novo produce mogrosides from glucose by aid of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shicheng Mu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Cui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yueming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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23
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Mao Y, Chen H, Zhao J, Li Y, Feng L, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wei P, Hou D. Molecular cloning, functional characterization and expression of the β-amyrin synthase gene involved in saikosaponin biosynthesis in Bupleurum chinense DC. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 32:284-295. [PMID: 36160316 PMCID: PMC9483273 DOI: 10.1007/s13562-022-00804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC. is a commonly used plant in traditional Chinese medicine, and saikosaponins(SSs) are the main active oleanane-typetriterpene saponins in B. chinense. β-Amyrin synthase (β-AS) is an important enzyme in oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin synthesis, but its role in saikosaponin synthesis has rarely been studied. Here, the putative β-AS gene BcBAS1(Accession No.ON890382) selected according to metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses was cloned and functionally characterized by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, and its subcellular localization and expression patterns were examined. The molecular weight of the BcBAS1 recombinant protein was approximately 87 kDa, and this protein could catalyse the production of β-amyrin, the precursor of SSs. Furthermore, BcBAS1 was located in the cytosol, and relative expression in four tissues of the four genotypes was positively correlated with SSa and SSd contents. Our results indicate that BcBAS1 is a β-AS gene and may play an important role in saikosaponin biosynthesis and regulation. This study sheds light on the role of β-AS genes in the synthesis of SSs and provides insights for the metabolic engineering of SSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Teachers’ College, 621000 Mianyang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Yuchan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Yiguan Zhang
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Dabin Hou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
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24
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Zhang Y, Zeng Y, An Z, Lian D, Xiao H, Wang R, Zhang R, Zhai F, Liu H. Comparative transcriptome analysis and identification of candidate genes involved in cucurbitacin IIa biosynthesis in Hemsleya macrosperma. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:314-324. [PMID: 35738187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemsleya macrosperma (H. macrosperma) is widely used in southwestern China as folk medicine with various bioactivities. Cucurbitacin IIa is the main active component in H. macrosperma and draws increased attention for its potential pharmacological activities. In order to reveal the mechanism of cucurbitacin IIa biosynthesis and regulation in H. macrosperma, transcriptome analysis was performed to compare differentially expressed genes in three tissues (root tuber, stem and leaf). A total of 47 946 unigenes were generated from these tissues and 55 unigenes were identified as candidate genes involved in triterpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Three homologous genes encoding squalene epoxidase (HmSE) were discovered and successfully expressed in a prokaryotic system. HmSE1 was found to be responsible for oxidization of squalene. In addition, several cytochrome P450s and transcription factors were predicted as candidates associated to cucurbitacin IIa biosynthesis. Notably, the expression profiles of those putative genes showed a positive correlation with elevated curcurbitacin IIa production in methyl jasmonate-elicited suspension cells of H. macrosperma., suggesting probable functions of the candidates on curcurbitacin IIa biosynthesis. These findings provide insights on cucurbitacin IIa biosynthesis and regulation in H. macrosperma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yue Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Zhilong An
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Dingyue Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Hongyu Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Ruikang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Zhai
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
| | - Hanru Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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25
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Wang S, Xu X, Lv X, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Liu L. Construction and Optimization of the de novo Biosynthesis Pathway of Mogrol in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:919526. [PMID: 35711645 PMCID: PMC9197265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.919526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mogrol plays important roles in antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic through activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Although the synthesis pathway of mogrol in Siraitia grosvenorii has been clarified, few studies have focused on improving mogrol production. This study employed a modular engineerin g strategy to improve mogrol production in a yeast chassis cell. First, a de novo synthesis pathway of mogrol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was constructed. Then, the metabolic flux of each synthetic module in mogrol metabolism was systematically optimized, including the enhancement of the precursor supply, inhibition of the sterol synthesis pathway using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Interference system (CRISPRi), and optimization of the expression and reduction system of P450 enzymes. Finally, the mogrol titer was increased to 9.1 μg/L, which was 455-fold higher than that of the original strain. The yeast strains engineered in this work can serve as the basis for creating an alternative way for mogrol production in place of extraction from S. grosvenorii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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26
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Xu Y, Zhao G, Ji X, Liu J, Zhao T, Gao Y, Gao S, Hao Y, Gao Y, Wang L, Weng X, Chen Z, Jia L. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanism of Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis in Soapberry ( Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7095-7109. [PMID: 35638867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) pericarps are rich in valuable bioactive triterpenoid saponins. However, the saponin content dynamics and the molecular regulatory network of saponin biosynthesis in soapberry pericarps remain largely unclear. Here, we performed combined metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis to identify saponin accumulation kinetic patterns, investigate gene networks, and characterize key candidate genes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in saponin biosynthesis in soapberry pericarps. A total of 54 saponins were tentatively identified, including 25 that were differentially accumulated. Furthermore, 49 genes putatively involved in sapogenin backbone biosynthesis and some candidate genes assumed to be responsible for the backbone modification, including 41 cytochrome P450s and 45 glycosyltransferases, were identified. Saponin-specific clusters/modules were identified by Mfuzz clustering and weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and one TF-gene regulatory network underlying saponin biosynthesis was proposed. The results of yeast one-hybrid assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested that SmbHLH2, SmTCP4, and SmWRKY27 may play important roles in the triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis by directly regulating the transcription of SmCYP71D-3 in the soapberry pericarp. Overall, these findings provide valuable information for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of saponin biosynthesis, enriching the gene resources, and guiding further research on triterpenoid saponin accumulation in soapberry pericarps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guochun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangqin Ji
- Hangzhou KaiTai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Planning and Design Institute of Forest Products Industry, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Shilun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Hao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuehuang Weng
- Yuanhua Forestry Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming, Fujian 354500, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liming Jia
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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27
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Noushahi HA, Khan AH, Noushahi UF, Hussain M, Javed T, Zafar M, Batool M, Ahmed U, Liu K, Harrison MT, Saud S, Fahad S, Shu S. Biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids and strategies to improve their Biosynthetic Efficiency. PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 97:439-454. [PMID: 35382096 PMCID: PMC8969394 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-022-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
"Triterpenoids" can be considered natural products derived from the cyclization of squalene, yielding 3-deoxytriterpenes (hydrocarbons) or 3-hydroxytriterpenes. Triterpenoids are metabolites of these two classes of triterpenes, produced by the functionalization of their carbon skeleton. They can be categorized into different groups based on their structural formula/design. Triterpenoids are an important group of compounds that are widely used in the fields of pharmacology, food, and industrial biotechnology. However, inadequate synthetic methods and insufficient knowledge of the biosynthesis of triterpenoids, such as their structure, enzymatic activity, and the methods used to produce pure and active triterpenoids, are key problems that limit the production of these active metabolites. Here, we summarize the derivatives, pharmaceutical properties, and biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids and review the enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we concluded the screening methods, identified the genes involved in the pathways, and highlighted the appropriate strategies used to enhance their biosynthetic production to facilitate the commercial process of triterpenoids through the synthetic biology method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Armghan Noushahi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
- Plant Breeding and Phenomic Centre, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetics Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Usama Farhan Noushahi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mubashar Hussain
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Maimoona Zafar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 7250 Burnie, Tasmania Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 7250 Burnie, Tasmania Australia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, 276000 Linyi, Shandong China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, 22620 Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shaohua Shu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
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28
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Zhang M, Yi Y, Gao B, Su H, Bao Y, Shi X, Wang H, Li F, Ye M, Qiao X. Functional Characterization and Protein Engineering of a Triterpene 3‐/6‐/2′‐
O
‐Glycosyltransferase Reveal a Conserved Residue Critical for the Regiospecificity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bai‐Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Hui‐Fei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yang‐Oujie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiao‐Meng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Hai‐Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Fu‐Dong Li
- National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
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29
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Zhang M, Yi Y, Gao BH, Su HF, Bao YO, Shi XM, Wang HD, Li FD, Ye M, Qiao X. Functional Characterization and Protein Engineering of a Triterpene 3-/6-/2'-O-Glycosyltransferase Reveal a Conserved Residue Critical for the Regiospecificity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113587. [PMID: 34894044 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the function of triterpene glucosyltransferases (GTs) is challenging due to the large size of the sugar acceptors. In this work, we identified a multifunctional glycosyltransferase AmGT8 catalyzing triterpene 3-/6-/2'-O-glycosylation from the medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus. To engineer its regiospecificity, a small mutant library was built based on semi-rational design. Variants A394F, A394D, and T131V were found to catalyze specific 6-O, 3-O, and 2'-O glycosylation, respectively. The origin of regioselectivity of AmGT8 and its A394F variant was studied by molecular dynamics and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Residue 394 is highly conserved as A/G and is critical for the regiospecificity of the C- and O-GTs TcCGT1 and GuGT10/14. Finally, astragalosides III and IV were synthesized by mutants A394F, T131V and P192E. This work reports biocatalysts for saponin synthesis and gives new insights into protein engineering of regioselectivity in plant GTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bai-Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui-Fei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang-Oujie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hai-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fu-Dong Li
- National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
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30
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Le DD, Kim W, Lim S, Kim SC, Choi G. Identification of three groups of ginsenoside biosynthetic UDP-glycosyltransferases from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111069. [PMID: 34763860 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are glycosylated dammarene-type triterpenes that have been identified in distantly related Panax ginseng and Gynostemma pentaphyllum. The phylogenetic relatedness of the ginsenoside biosynthetic genes in the two species was previously unknown. The final steps of ginsenoside biosynthesis are the glycosylations of hydroxylated triterpenes, protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT), and their glycosylated forms by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Ginsenoside biosynthetic UGTs have been identified in Panax but not in Gynostemma. Through a biochemical screening of Gynostemma UGTs (GpUGTs), we herein identified three groups of ginsenoside biosynthetic GpUGTs. These groups comprise: two GpUGTs that belong to the UGT71 family and glucosylate the C20-OH positions of PPD- and PPT-type ginsenosides; one GpUGT that belongs to the UGT74 family and glucosylates the C3-OH position of PPD-type ginsenosides; and two GpUGTs that belong to the UGT94 family and add a glucose to the C3-O-glucosides of PPD-type ginsenosides. These GpUGTs belong to the same UGT families as the ginsenoside biosynthetic Panax UGTs (PgUGTs). However, GpUGTs and PgUGTs belong to different subfamilies. Furthermore, cucumber UGTs orthologous to GpUGTs do not glucosylate ginsenosides. These results collectively suggest that, during evolution, P. ginseng and G. pentaphyllum independently opted to use the same UGT families to synthesize ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Duy Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohwan Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Wang J, Guo Y, Yin X, Wang X, Qi X, Xue Z. Diverse triterpene skeletons are derived from the expansion and divergent evolution of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases in plants. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 57:113-132. [PMID: 34601979 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1979458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are one of the largest groups of secondary metabolites and exhibit diverse structures, which are derived from C30 skeletons that are biosynthesized via the isoprenoid pathway by cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene. Triterpenoids have a wide range of biological activities, and are used in functional foods, drugs, and as industrial materials. Due to the low content levels in their native plants and limited feasibility and efficiency of chemical synthesis, heterologous biosynthesis of triterpenoids is the most promising strategy. Herein, we classified 121 triterpene alcohols/ketones according to their conformation and ring numbers, among which 51 skeletons have been experimentally characterized as the products of oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs). Interestingly, 24 skeletons that have not been reported from nature source were generated by OSCs in heterologous expression. Comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the identified 152 OSCs from 75 species in 25 plant orders show that several pentacyclic triterpene synthases repeatedly originated in multiple plant lineages. Comparative analysis of OSC catalytic reaction revealed that stabilization of intermediate cations, steric hindrance, and conformation of active center amino acid residues are primary factors affecting triterpene formation. Optimization of OSC could be achieved by changing of side-chain orientations of key residues. Recently, methods, such as rationally design of pathways, regulation of metabolic flow, compartmentalization engineering, etc., were introduced in improving chassis for the biosynthesis of triterpenoids. We expect that extensive study of natural variation of large number of OSCs and catalytical mechanism will provide basis for production of high level of triterpenoids by application of synthetic biology strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xue Yin
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
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32
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Liao J, Xie L, Shi H, Cui S, Lan F, Luo Z, Ma X. Development of an efficient transient expression system for Siraitia grosvenorii fruit and functional characterization of two NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112824. [PMID: 34102591 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo hanguo or monk fruit) is a valuable medicinal herb for which the market demand has increased dramatically worldwide. As promising natural sweeteners, mogrosides have received much attention from researchers because of their extremely high sweetness and lack of calories. Nevertheless, owing to the absence of genetic transformation methods, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of mogroside biosynthesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, an effective method for gene function analysis needs to be developed for S. grosvenorii fruit. As a powerful approach, transient expression has become a versatile method to elucidate the biological functions of genes and proteins in various plant species. In this study, PBI121 with a β-glucuronidase (GUS) marker and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) were used as vectors for overexpression and silencing, respectively, of the SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 genes in S. grosvenorii fruit. The effectiveness of transient expression was validated by GUS staining in S. grosvenorii fruit, and the expression levels of SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 increased significantly after infiltration for 36 h. In addition, TRV-induced gene silencing suppressed the expression of SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 in S. grosvenorii fruit. More importantly, the production of the major secondary metabolites mogrol, mogroside IIE (MIIE) and mogroside III (MIII) was activated by the overexpression of SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 in S. grosvenorii fruit, with levels 1-2 times those in the control group. Moreover, the accumulation of mogrol, MIIE and MIII was decreased in the SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 gene silencing assays. Therefore, this transient expression approach was available for S. grosvenorii fruit, providing insight into the expression of the SgCPR1 and SgCPR2 genes involved in the mogroside biosynthesis pathway. Our study also suggests that this method has potential applications in the exploration of the molecular mechanisms, biochemical hypotheses and functional characteristics of S. grosvenorii genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongwu Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengrong Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fusheng Lan
- Guilin GFS Monk Fruit Corp, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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33
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Li J, Qu G, Shang N, Chen P, Men Y, Liu W, Mei Z, Sun Y, Sun Z. Near-perfect control of the regioselective glucosylation enabled by rational design of glycosyltransferases. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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34
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Yao L, Wang J, He J, Huang L, Gao W. Endophytes, biotransforming microorganisms, and engineering microbial factories for triterpenoid saponins production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:249-272. [PMID: 33472430 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1869691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins are structurally diverse secondary metabolites. They are the main active ingredient of many medicinal plants and have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Traditional production of triterpenoid saponins, directly extracted from cultivated plants, cannot meet the rapidly growing demand of pharmaceutical industry. Microorganisms with triterpenoid saponins production ability (especially Agrobacterium genus) and biotransformation ability, such as fungal species in Armillaria and Aspergillus genera and bacterial species in Bacillus and Intestinal microflora, represent a valuable source of active metabolites. With the development of synthetic biology, engineering microorganisms acquired more potential in terms of triterpenoid saponins production. This review focusses on potential mechanisms and the high yield strategies of microorganisms with inherent production or biotransformation ability of triterpenoid saponins. Advances in the engineering of microorganisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Escherichia coli, for the biosynthesis triterpenoid saponins de novo have also been reported. Strategies to increase the yield of triterpenoid saponins in engineering microorganisms are summarized following four aspects, that is, introduction of high efficient gene, optimization of enzyme activity, enhancement of metabolic flux to target compounds, and optimization of fermentation conditions. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions for improving the yield of triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis in engineering microorganisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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35
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Dai L, Hu Y, Chen C, Ma L, Guo R. Flavonoid
C
‐Glycosyltransferases: Function, Evolutionary Relationship, Catalytic Mechanism and Protein Engineering. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology 430062 Wuhan China
| | - Yumei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology 430062 Wuhan China
| | - Chun‐Chi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology 430062 Wuhan China
| | - Lixin Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology 430062 Wuhan China
| | - Rey‐Ting Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology 430062 Wuhan China
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36
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Jiang Z, Tu L, Yang W, Zhang Y, Hu T, Ma B, Lu Y, Cui X, Gao J, Wu X, Tong Y, Zhou J, Song Y, Liu Y, Liu N, Huang L, Gao W. The chromosome-level reference genome assembly for Panax notoginseng and insights into ginsenoside biosynthesis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100113. [PMID: 33511345 PMCID: PMC7816079 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng, a perennial herb of the genus Panax in the family Araliaceae, has played an important role in clinical treatment in China for thousands of years because of its extensive pharmacological effects. Here, we report a high-quality reference genome of P. notoginseng, with a genome size up to 2.66 Gb and a contig N50 of 1.12 Mb, produced with third-generation PacBio sequencing technology. This is the first chromosome-level genome assembly for the genus Panax. Through genome evolution analysis, we explored phylogenetic and whole-genome duplication events and examined their impact on saponin biosynthesis. We performed a detailed transcriptional analysis of P. notoginseng and explored gene-level mechanisms that regulate the formation of characteristic tubercles. Next, we studied the biosynthesis and regulation of saponins at temporal and spatial levels. We combined multi-omics data to identify genes that encode key enzymes in the P. notoginseng terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Finally, we identified five glycosyltransferase genes whose products catalyzed the formation of different ginsenosides in P. notoginseng. The genetic information obtained in this study provides a resource for further exploration of the growth characteristics, cultivation, breeding, and saponin biosynthesis of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lichan Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baowei Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author
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37
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Effective Glycosylation of Cucurbitacin Mediated by UDP-Glycosyltransferase UGT74AC1 and Molecular Dynamics Exploration of Its Substrate Binding Conformations. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins, a group of diverse tetracyclic triterpenes, display a variety of biological effects. Glycosylation mediated by glycosyltransferases (UGTs) plays a vital role in structural and functional diversity of natural products and influences their biological activities. In this study, GT-SM, a mutant of UGT74AC1 from Siraitia grosvenorii, was chosen as a potential catalyst in glycosylation of cucurbitacins, and its optimal pH, temperature, and divalent metal ions were detected. This enzyme showed high activity (kcat/Km, 120 s−1 µM−1) toward cucurbitacin F 25-O-acetate (CA-F25) and only produced CA-F25 2-O-β-d-glucose which was isolated and confirmed by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance. A pathway for uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc) regeneration and cucurbitacin glycoside synthesis was constructed by combing GT-SM and sucrose synthase to cut down the costly UDP-Glc. The molar conversion of CA-F25 was 80.4% in cascade reaction. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations showed that CA-F25 was stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, and the C2-OH of CA-F25 showed more favorable catalytic conformation than that of C3-OH, explaining the high regioselectivity toward the C2-OH rather than the ortho-C3-OH of CA-F25. This work proved the important potential application of UGT74AC1 in cucurbitacins and provided an understanding of glycosylation of cucurbitacins.
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38
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Dai L, Qin L, Hu Y, Huang JW, Hu Z, Min J, Sun Y, Guo RT. Structural dissection of unnatural ginsenoside-biosynthetic UDP-glycosyltransferase Bs-YjiC from Bacillus subtilis for substrate promiscuity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:73-78. [PMID: 33310191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation catalyzed by uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGT) contributes to the chemical and functional diversity of a number of natural products. Bacillus subtilis Bs-YjiC is a robust and versatile UGT that holds potentials in the biosynthesis of unnatural bioactive ginsenosides. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the substrate promiscuity of Bs-YjiC, we solved crystal structures of Bs-YjiC and its binary complex with uridine diphosphate (UDP) at resolution of 2.18 Å and 2.44 Å, respectively. Bs-YjiC adopts the classical GT-B fold containing the N-terminal and C-terminal domains that accommodate the sugar acceptor and UDP-glucose, respectively. Molecular docking indicates that the spacious sugar-acceptor binding pocket of Bs-YjiC might be responsible for its broad substrate spectrum and unique glycosylation patterns toward protopanaxadiol-(PPD) and PPD-type ginsenosides. Our study reveals the structural basis for the aglycone promiscuity of Bs-YjiC and will facilitate the protein engineering of Bs-YjiC to synthesize novel bioactive glycosylated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Lujiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Yumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Zheyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Jian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China.
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China.
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39
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Yao L, Lu J, Wang J, Gao WY. Advances in biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in medicinal plants. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:417-424. [PMID: 32503733 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in medicinal plants has been widely studied because of their active ingredients with diverse pharmacological activities. Various oxidosqualene cyclases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases, and transcription factors related to triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis have been explored and identified. In the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins, the progress of gene mining by omics-based sequencing, gene screening, gene function verification, catalyzing mechanism of key enzymes and gene regulation are summarized and discussed. By the progress of the biosynthesis pathway of triterpenoid saponins, the large-scale production of some triterpenoid saponins and aglycones has been achieved through plant tissue culture, transgenic plants and engineered yeast cells. However, the complex biosynthetic pathway and structural diversity limit the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in different system. Special focus can further be placed on the systematic botany information of medicinal plants obtained from omics large dataset, and triterpenoid saponins produced by synthetic biology strategies, gene mutations and gene editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wen-Yuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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40
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Elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of the main triterpene glycosylation products of Panax notoginseng using a synthetic biology platform. Metab Eng 2020; 61:131-140. [PMID: 32454222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated glycosylation is a widespread modification of plant natural products (PNPs), which exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, and are of great pharmaceutical, ecological and agricultural significance. However, functional annotation is available for less than 2% of the family 1 UGTs, which currently has 20,000 members that are known to glycosylate several classes of PNPs. This low percentage illustrates the difficulty of experimental study and accurate prediction of their function. Here, a synthetic biology platform for elucidating the UGT-mediated glycosylation process of PNPs was established, including glycosyltransferases dependent on UDP-glucose and UDP-xylose. This platform is based on reconstructing the specific PNPs biosynthetic pathways in dedicated microbial yeast chassis by the simple method of plug-and-play. Five UGT enzymes were identified as responsible for the biosynthesis of the main glycosylation products of triterpenes in Panax notoginseng, including a novel UDP-xylose dependent glycosyltransferase enzyme for notoginsenoside R1 biosynthesis. Additionally, we constructed a yeast cell factory that yields >1 g/L of ginsenoside compound K. This platform for functional gene identification and strain engineering can serve as the basis for creating alternative sources of important natural products and thereby protecting natural plant resources.
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41
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Biocatalytic Synthesis of a Novel Bioactive Ginsenoside Using UDP-Glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis 168. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 is a bioactive compound from Panax ginseng and exhibits diverse notable biological properties. Glycosylation catalyzed by uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) is the final biosynthetic step of ginsenoside Rg3 and determines its diverse pharmacological activities. In the present study, promiscuous UGT Bs-YjiC from Bacillus subtilis 168 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified via one-step nickel chelate affinity chromatography. The in vitro glycosylation reaction demonstrated Bs-Yjic could selectively glycosylate the C12 hydroxyl group of ginsenoside Rg3 to synthesize an unnatural ginsenoside Rd12. Ginsenoside Rd12 was about 40-fold more water-soluble than that of ginsenoside Rg3 (90 μM). Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of ginsenoside Rd12 against diverse cancer cells was much stronger than that of ginsenoside Rg3. Our studies report the UGT-catalyzed synthesis of unnatural ginsenoside Rd12 for the first time. Ginsenoside Rd12 with antiproliferative activity might be further exploited as a potential anticancer drug.
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42
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Li J, Yang J, Mu S, Shang N, Liu C, Zhu Y, Cai Y, Liu P, Lin J, Liu W, Sun Y, Ma Y. Efficient O-Glycosylation of Triterpenes Enabled by Protein Engineering of Plant Glycosyltransferase UGT74AC1. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shicheng Mu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Na Shang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Cui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yueming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yi Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Pi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianping Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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43
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Hu Y, Xue J, Min J, Qin L, Zhang J, Dai L. Biocatalytic synthesis of ginsenoside Rh2 using Arabidopsis thaliana glucosyltransferase-catalyzed coupled reactions. J Biotechnol 2020; 309:107-112. [PMID: 31926981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2, a rare protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type triterpene saponin isolated from Panax ginseng, exhibits notable anticancer and immune-system-enhancing activities. Glycosylation catalyzed by uridine diphosphate-dependent glucosyltransferase (UGT) is the final biosynthetic step of ginsenoside Rh2. In this study, UGT73C5 isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana was demonstrated to selectively transfer a glucosyl moiety to the C3 hydroxyl group of PPD to synthesize ginsenoside Rh2. UGT73C5 was coupled with sucrose synthase (SuSy) from A. thaliana to regenerate costly uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) from cheap sucrose and catalytic amounts of uridine diphosphate (UDP). The UGT73C5/SuSy ratio, temperature, pH, cofactor UDP, and PPD concentrations for UGT73C5-SuSy coupled reactions were optimized. Through the stepwise addition of PPD, the maximal ginsenoside Rh2 production was 3.2 mg mL-1, which was the highest yield reported to date. These promising results provided an efficient and cost-effective approach to semisynthesize the highly valuable ginsenoside Rh2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lujiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Juankun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Longhai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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44
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Abstract
This review covers newly isolated triterpenoids that have been reported during 2015.
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45
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Wilson AE, Tian L. Phylogenomic analysis of UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases provides insights into the evolutionary landscape of glycosylation in plant metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:1273-1288. [PMID: 31446648 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated metabolites generated by UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play critical roles in plant interactions with the environment as well as human and animal nutrition. The evolution of plant UGTs has previously been explored, but with a limited taxon sampling. In this study, 65 fully sequenced plant genomes were analyzed, and stringent criteria for selection of candidate UGTs were applied to ensure a more comprehensive taxon sampling and reliable sequence inclusion. In addition to revealing the overall evolutionary landscape of plant UGTs, the phylogenomic analysis also resolved the phylogenetic association of UGTs from free-sporing plants and gymnosperms, and identified an additional UGT group (group R) in seed plants. Furthermore, lineage-specific expansions and contractions of UGT groups were detected in angiosperms, with the total number of UGTs per genome remaining constant generally. The loss of group Q UGTs in Poales and Brassicales, rather than functional convergence in the group Q containing species, was supported by a gene tree of group Q UGTs sampled from many species, and further corroborated by the absence of group Q homologs on the syntenic chromosomal regions in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicales). Branch-site analyses of the group Q UGT gene tree allowed for identification of branches and amino acid sites that experienced episodic positive selection. The positively selected sites are located on the surface of a representative group Q UGT (PgUGT95B2), away from the active site, suggesting their role in protein folding/stability or protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Wilson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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46
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Wen C, Huang W, He MM, Deng WL, Yu HH. Cloning and characterization of a glycosyltransferase from Catharanthus roseus for glycosylation of cardiotonic steroids and phenolic compounds. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:135-142. [PMID: 31734772 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize a glycosyltransferase (UGT74AN3) from Catharanthus roseus and investigate its specificity toward cardiotonic steroids and phenolic compounds. RESULTS UGT74AN3, a novel permissive GT from C. roseus, displayed average high conversion rate (> 90%) toward eight structurally different cardiotonic steroids. Among them, resibufogenin, digitoxigenin, and uzarigenin gave 100% yield. Based on LC-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis, structure elucidation of eight glycosides was consistent with 3-O-β-D-glucosides. We further confirmed UGT74AN3 was permissive enough to glycosylate curcumin, resveratrol, and phloretin. The cDNA sequence of UGT74AN3 contained an ORF of 1,425 nucleotides encoding 474 amino acids. UGT74AN3 performed the maximum catalytic activity at 40 °C, pH 8.0, and was divalent cation-independent. Km values of UGT74AN3 toward resibufogenin, digitoxigenin, and uzarigenin were 7.0 µM, 12.3 µM, and 17.4 µM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS UGT74AN3, a glycosyltransferase from a noncardenolide-producing plant, displayed catalytic efficiency toward cardiotonic steroids and phenolic compounds, which would make it feasible for glycosylation of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wen
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao He
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Li Deng
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Hong Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, People's Republic of China
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47
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Rahimi S, Kim J, Mijakovic I, Jung KH, Choi G, Kim SC, Kim YJ. Triterpenoid-biosynthetic UDP-glycosyltransferases from plants. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107394. [PMID: 31078628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins are naturally occurring structurally diverse glycosides of triterpenes that are widely distributed among plant species. Great interest has been expressed by pharmaceutical and agriculture industries for the glycosylation of triterpenes. Such modifications alter their taste and bio-absorbability, affect their intra-/extracellular transport and storage in plants, and induce novel biological activities in the human body. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze glycosylation using UDP sugar donors. These enzymes belong to a multigene family and recognize diverse natural products, including triterpenes, as the acceptor molecules. For this review, we collected and analyzed all of the UGT sequences found in Arabidopsis thaliana as well as 31 other species of triterpene-producing plants. To identify potential UGTs with novel functions in triterpene glycosylation, we screened and classified those candidates based on similarity with UGTs from Panax ginseng, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Saponaria vaccaria, and Barbarea vulgaris that are known to function in glycosylate triterpenes. We highlight recent findings on UGT inducibility by methyl jasmonate, tissue-specific expression, and subcellular localization, while also describing their catalytic activity in terms of regioselectivity for potential key UGTs dedicated to triterpene glycosylation in plants. Discovering these new UGTs expands our capacity to manipulate the biological and physicochemical properties of such valuable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Rahimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Jaewook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Positive Selection of Squalene Synthase in Cucurbitaceae Plants. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:5913491. [PMID: 31211131 PMCID: PMC6532303 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5913491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins are secondary metabolites synthesized through isoprenoid pathways in plants. Cucurbitaceae represent an important plant family in which many species contain cucurbitacins as secondary metabolites synthesized through isoprenoid and triterpenoid pathways. Squalene synthase (SQS) is required for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, but the forces driving the evolution of SQS remain undetermined. In this study, 10 SQS cDNA sequences cloned from 10 species of Cucurbitaceae and 49 sequences of SQS downloaded from GenBank and UniProt databases were analyzed in a phylogenetic framework to identify the evolutionary forces for functional divergence. Through phylogenetic construction and positive selection analysis, we found that SQS sequences are under positive selection. The sites of positive selection map to functional and transmembrane domains. 180L, 189S, 194S, 196S, 265I, 289P, 389P, 390T, 407S, 408A, 410R, and 414N were identified as sites of positive selection that are important during terpenoid synthesis and map to transmembrane domains. 196S and 407S are phosphorylated and influence SQS catalysis and triterpenoid accumulation. These results reveal that positive selection is an important evolutionary force for SQS in plants. This provides new information into the molecular evolution of SQS within the Cucurbitaceae family.
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49
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Sun W, Qin L, Xue H, Yu Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Li C. Novel trends for producing plant triterpenoids in yeast. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:618-632. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1608503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haijie Xue
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Ma
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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50
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Qiao J, Luo Z, Gu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ma X. Identification of a Novel Specific Cucurbitadienol Synthase Allele in Siraitia grosvenorii Correlates with High Catalytic Efficiency. Molecules 2019; 24:E627. [PMID: 30754652 PMCID: PMC6384864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mogrosides, the main bioactive compounds isolated from the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii, are a group of cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides that exhibit a wide range of notable biological activities and are commercially available worldwide as natural sweeteners. However, the extraction cost is high due to their relatively low contents in plants. Therefore, molecular breeding needs to be achieved when conventional plant breeding can hardly improve the quality so far. In this study, the levels of 21 active mogrosides and two precursors in 15 S. grosvenorii varieties were determined by HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. The results showed that the variations in mogroside V content may be caused by the accumulation of cucurbitadienol. Furthermore, a total of four wild-type cucurbitadienol synthase protein variants (50R573L, 50C573L, 50R573Q, and 50C573Q) based on two missense mutation single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were discovered. An in vitro enzyme reaction analysis indicated that 50R573L had the highest activity, with a specific activity of 10.24 nmol min-1 mg-1. In addition, a site-directed mutant, namely, 50K573L, showed a 33% enhancement of catalytic efficiency compared to wild-type 50R573L. Our findings identify a novel cucurbitadienol synthase allele correlates with high catalytic efficiency. These results are valuable for the molecular breeding of luohanguo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhe Gu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | | | - Xindan Zhang
- Guilin GFS Monk Fruit Corp., Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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