1
|
Gusach A, Lee Y, Khoshgrudi AN, Mukhaleva E, Ma N, Koers EJ, Chen Q, Edwards PC, Huang F, Kim J, Mancia F, Veprintsev DB, Vaidehi N, Weyand SN, Tate CG. Molecular recognition of an odorant by the murine trace amine-associated receptor TAAR7f. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7555. [PMID: 39215004 PMCID: PMC11364543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There are two main families of G protein-coupled receptors that detect odours in humans, the odorant receptors (ORs) and the trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). Their amino acid sequences are distinct, with the TAARs being most similar to the aminergic receptors such as those activated by adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine and histamine. To elucidate the structural determinants of ligand recognition by TAARs, we have determined the cryo-EM structure of a murine receptor, mTAAR7f, coupled to the heterotrimeric G protein Gs and bound to the odorant N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) to an overall resolution of 2.9 Å. DMCHA is bound in a hydrophobic orthosteric binding site primarily through van der Waals interactions and a strong charge-charge interaction between the tertiary amine of the ligand and an aspartic acid residue. This site is distinct and non-overlapping with the binding site for the odorant propionate in the odorant receptor OR51E2. The structure, in combination with mutagenesis data and molecular dynamics simulations suggests that the activation of the receptor follows a similar pathway to that of the β-adrenoceptors, with the significant difference that DMCHA interacts directly with one of the main activation microswitch residues, Trp6.48.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Gusach
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Yang Lee
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Armin Nikpour Khoshgrudi
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, NG7 2RD, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Elizaveta Mukhaleva
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1218 S 5th Ave, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1218 S 5th Ave, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
| | - Eline J Koers
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, NG7 2RD, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Qingchao Chen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patricia C Edwards
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fanglu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Filippo Mancia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, NG7 2RD, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1218 S 5th Ave, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
| | - Simone N Weyand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Building, Heart & Lung Research Institute, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Biomedical Campus, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
- EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK.
| | - Christopher G Tate
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bi M, Wang X, Wang J, Xu J, Sun W, Adediwura VA, Miao Y, Cheng Y, Ye L. Structure and function of a ligand-free GPCR-Gαβγ intermediate complex. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4566652. [PMID: 38978591 PMCID: PMC11230506 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4566652/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Unraveling the signaling roles of intermediate complexes is pivotal for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) drug development. Despite hundreds of GPCR-Gαβγ structures, these snapshots primarily capture the fully activated complex. Consequently, the functions of intermediate GPCR-G protein complexes remain elusive. Guided by a conformational landscape visualized via 19F quantitative NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we determined the structure of an intermediate GPCR-mini-Gαsβγ complex at 2.8 Å using cryo-EM, by blocking its transition to the fully activated complex. Furthermore, we presented direct evidence that the intermediate complex initiates a rate-limited nucleotide exchange without progressing to the fully activated complex, in which the α-helical domain (AHD) of the Gα is partially open engaged by a second nucleotide. Our MD simulation supported the pose of the AHD domain. These advances bridge a significant gap in our understanding the complexity of GPCR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL USA 33620
| | - Jinan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Computational Medicinal Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, 11004C Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenkai Sun
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL USA 33620
| | - Victor Ayo Adediwura
- Department of Pharmacology & Computational Medicinal Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, 11004C Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Department of Pharmacology & Computational Medicinal Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, 11004C Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Libin Ye
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL USA 33620
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA 33612
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abaffy T, Fu O, Harume-Nagai M, Goldenberg JM, Kenyon V, Kenakin T. Intracellular Allosteric Antagonist of the Olfactory Receptor OR51E2. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 106:21-32. [PMID: 38719475 PMCID: PMC11187688 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors are members of class A (rhodopsin-like) family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Their expression and function have been increasingly studied in nonolfactory tissues, and many have been identified as potential therapeutic targets. In this manuscript, we focus on the discovery of novel ligands for the olfactory receptor family 51 subfamily E2 (OR51E2). We performed an artificial intelligence-based virtual drug screen of a ∼2.2 million small molecule library. Cell-based functional assay identified compound 80 (C80) as an antagonist and inverse agonist, and detailed pharmacological analysis revealed C80 acts as a negative allosteric modulator by significantly decreasing the agonist efficacy, while having a minimal effect on receptor affinity for agonist. C80 binds to an allosteric binding site formed by a network of nine residues localized in the intracellular parts of transmembrane domains 3, 5, 6, 7, and H8, which also partially overlaps with a G protein binding site. Mutational experiments of residues involved in C80 binding uncovered the significance of the C2406.37 position in blocking the activation-related conformational change and keeping the receptor in the inactive form. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of the negative allosteric action of C80 on agonist-ctivated OR51E2. We believe the identification of the antagonist of OR51E2 will enable a multitude of studies aiming to determine the functional role of this receptor in specific biologic processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: OR51E2 has been implicated in various biological processes, and its antagonists that can effectively modulate its activity have therapeutic potential. Here we report the discovery of a negative allosteric modulator of OR51E2 and provide a mechanistic understanding of its action. We demonstrate that this modulator has an inhibitory effect on the efficacy of the agonist for the receptor and reveal a network of nine residues that constitute its binding pocket, which also partially overlaps with the G protein binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Abaffy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Olivia Fu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Maira Harume-Nagai
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Josh M Goldenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Victor Kenyon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Terry Kenakin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Papasergi-Scott MM, Pérez-Hernández G, Batebi H, Gao Y, Eskici G, Seven AB, Panova O, Hilger D, Casiraghi M, He F, Maul L, Gmeiner P, Kobilka BK, Hildebrand PW, Skiniotis G. Time-resolved cryo-EM of G-protein activation by a GPCR. Nature 2024; 629:1182-1191. [PMID: 38480881 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by stimulating guanine nucleotide exchange in the Gα subunit1. To visualize this mechanism, we developed a time-resolved cryo-EM approach that examines the progression of ensembles of pre-steady-state intermediates of a GPCR-G-protein complex. By monitoring the transitions of the stimulatory Gs protein in complex with the β2-adrenergic receptor at short sequential time points after GTP addition, we identified the conformational trajectory underlying G-protein activation and functional dissociation from the receptor. Twenty structures generated from sequential overlapping particle subsets along this trajectory, compared to control structures, provide a high-resolution description of the order of main events driving G-protein activation in response to GTP binding. Structural changes propagate from the nucleotide-binding pocket and extend through the GTPase domain, enacting alterations to Gα switch regions and the α5 helix that weaken the G-protein-receptor interface. Molecular dynamics simulations with late structures in the cryo-EM trajectory support that enhanced ordering of GTP on closure of the α-helical domain against the nucleotide-bound Ras-homology domain correlates with α5 helix destabilization and eventual dissociation of the G protein from the GPCR. These findings also highlight the potential of time-resolved cryo-EM as a tool for mechanistic dissection of GPCR signalling events.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Binding Sites
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/drug effects
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/ultrastructure
- Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/ultrastructure
- Time Factors
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Protein Domains
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makaía M Papasergi-Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Hernández
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hossein Batebi
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gözde Eskici
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alpay B Seven
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ouliana Panova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marina Casiraghi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Feng He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis Maul
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bi M, Wang X, Wang J, Xu J, Sun W, Adediwura VA, Miao Y, Cheng Y, Ye L. Structure and function of an intermediate GPCR-Gαβγ complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587841. [PMID: 38617296 PMCID: PMC11014534 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Unraveling the signaling roles of intermediate complexes is pivotal for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) drug development. Despite hundreds of GPCR-Gαβγ structures, these snapshots primarily capture the fully activated end-state complex. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the conformational transitions during GPCR activation and the roles of intermediate GPCR-G protein complexes in signaling remain elusive. Guided by a conformational landscape profiled by 19 F quantitative NMR ( 19 F-qNMR) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, we resolved the structure of an unliganded GPCR-G protein intermediate complex by blocking its transition to the fully activated end-state complex. More importantly, we presented direct evidence that the intermediate GPCR-Gαsβγ complex initiates a rate-limited nucleotide exchange without progressing to the fully activated end-state complex, thereby bridging a significant gap in our understanding the complexity of GPCR signaling. Understanding the roles of individual conformational states and their complexes in signaling efficacy and bias will help us to design drugs that discriminately target a disease-related conformation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hoppe N, Harrison S, Hwang SH, Chen Z, Karelina M, Deshpande I, Suomivuori CM, Palicharla VR, Berry SP, Tschaikner P, Regele D, Covey DF, Stefan E, Marks DS, Reiter JF, Dror RO, Evers AS, Mukhopadhyay S, Manglik A. GPR161 structure uncovers the redundant role of sterol-regulated ciliary cAMP signaling in the Hedgehog pathway. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:667-677. [PMID: 38326651 PMCID: PMC11221913 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR161 plays a central role in development by suppressing Hedgehog signaling. The fundamental basis of how GPR161 is activated remains unclear. Here, we determined a cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of active human GPR161 bound to heterotrimeric Gs. This structure revealed an extracellular loop 2 that occupies the canonical GPCR orthosteric ligand pocket. Furthermore, a sterol that binds adjacent to transmembrane helices 6 and 7 stabilizes a GPR161 conformation required for Gs coupling. Mutations that prevent sterol binding to GPR161 suppress Gs-mediated signaling. These mutants retain the ability to suppress GLI2 transcription factor accumulation in primary cilia, a key function of ciliary GPR161. By contrast, a protein kinase A-binding site in the GPR161 C terminus is critical in suppressing GLI2 ciliary accumulation. Our work highlights how structural features of GPR161 interface with the Hedgehog pathway and sets a foundation to understand the role of GPR161 function in other signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hoppe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simone Harrison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Masha Karelina
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ishan Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carl-Mikael Suomivuori
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivek R Palicharla
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel P Berry
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philipp Tschaikner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Regele
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Debora S Marks
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex S Evers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blythe EE, von Zastrow M. β-Arrestin-independent endosomal cAMP signaling by a polypeptide hormone GPCR. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:323-332. [PMID: 37749347 PMCID: PMC10907292 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate a second phase of stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein (Gs)-coupled cAMP signaling after endocytosis. The prevailing current view is that the endosomal signal is inherently β-arrestin-dependent because β-arrestin is necessary for receptor internalization and, for some GPCRs, to prolong the endosomal signal. Here we revise this view by showing that the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VIPR1), a secretin-family polypeptide hormone receptor, does not require β-arrestin to internalize or to generate an endosomal signal. β-Arrestin instead resolves the plasma membrane and endosomal signaling phases into sequential cAMP peaks by desensitizing the plasma membrane phase without affecting the endosomal phase. This appears to occur through the formation of functionally distinct VIPR1-β-arrestin complexes at each location that differ in their phosphorylation dependence. We conclude that endosomal GPCR signaling can occur in the absence of β-arrestin and that β-arrestin sculpts the spatiotemporal profile of cellular GPCR-G protein signaling through location-specific remodeling of GPCR-β-arrestin complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Blythe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Quantitative Biology Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jones AJY, Harman TH, Harris M, Lewis OE, Ladds G, Nietlispach D. Binding kinetics drive G protein subtype selectivity at the β 1-adrenergic receptor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1334. [PMID: 38351103 PMCID: PMC10864275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) bind to different G protein α-subtypes with varying degrees of selectivity. The mechanism by which GPCRs achieve this selectivity is still unclear. Using 13C methyl methionine and 19F NMR, we investigate the agonist-bound active state of β1AR and its ternary complexes with different G proteins in solution. We find the receptor in the ternary complexes adopts very similar conformations. In contrast, the full agonist-bound receptor active state assumes a conformation differing from previously characterised activation intermediates or from β1AR in ternary complexes. Assessing the kinetics of binding for the agonist-bound receptor with different G proteins, we find the increased affinity of β1AR for Gs results from its much faster association with the receptor. Consequently, we suggest a kinetic-driven selectivity gate between canonical and secondary coupling which arises from differential favourability of G protein binding to the agonist-bound receptor active state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Y Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Thomas H Harman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Oliver E Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Daniel Nietlispach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Anazia K, Koenekoop L, Ferré G, Petracco E, Gutiérrez-de-Teran H, Eddy MT. Visualizing the impact of disease-associated mutations on G protein-nucleotide interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.578006. [PMID: 38352316 PMCID: PMC10862895 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.578006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Activation of G proteins stimulates ubiquitous intracellular signaling cascades essential for life processes. Under normal physiological conditions, nucleotide exchange is initiated upon the formation of complexes between a G protein and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which facilitates exchange of bound GDP for GTP, subsequently dissociating the trimeric G protein into its Gα and Gβγ subunits. However, single point mutations in Gα circumvent nucleotide exchange regulated by GPCR-G protein interactions, leading to either loss-of-function or constitutive gain-of-function. Mutations in several Gα subtypes are closely linked to the development of multiple diseases, including several intractable cancers. We leveraged an integrative spectroscopic and computational approach to investigate the mechanisms by which seven of the most frequently observed clinically-relevant mutations in the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein result in functional changes. Variable temperature circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed a bimodal distribution of thermal melting temperatures across all GαS variants. Modeling from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations established a correlation between observed thermal melting temperatures and structural changes caused by the mutations. Concurrently, saturation-transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) highlighted variations in the interactions of GαS variants with bound nucleotides. MD simulations indicated that changes in local interactions within the nucleotide-binding pocket did not consistently align with global structural changes. This collective evidence suggests a multifaceted energy landscape, wherein each mutation may introduce distinct perturbations to the nucleotide-binding site and protein-protein interaction sites. Consequently, it underscores the importance of tailoring therapeutic strategies to address the unique challenges posed by individual mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Anazia
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
| | - Lucien Koenekoop
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University; Uppsala, 75105; Sweden
| | - Guillaume Ferré
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
- Present address: Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Enzo Petracco
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | | | - Matthew T. Eddy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duan W, Cao D, Wang S, Cheng J. Serotonin 2A Receptor (5-HT 2AR) Agonists: Psychedelics and Non-Hallucinogenic Analogues as Emerging Antidepressants. Chem Rev 2024; 124:124-163. [PMID: 38033123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelics make up a group of psychoactive compounds that induce hallucinogenic effects by activating the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR). Clinical trials have demonstrated the traditional psychedelic substances like psilocybin as a class of rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressants. However, there is a pressing need for rationally designed 5-HT2AR agonists that possess optimal pharmacological profiles in order to fully reveal the therapeutic potential of these agonists and identify safer drug candidates devoid of hallucinogenic effects. This Perspective provides an overview of the structure-activity relationships of existing 5-HT2AR agonists based on their chemical classifications and discusses recent advancements in understanding their molecular pharmacology at a structural level. The encouraging clinical outcomes of psychedelics in depression treatment have sparked drug discovery endeavors aimed at developing novel 5-HT2AR agonists with improved subtype selectivity and signaling bias properties, which could serve as safer and potentially nonhallucinogenic antidepressants. These efforts can be significantly expedited through the utilization of structure-based methods and functional selectivity-directed screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Duan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dongmei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Demby A, Zaccolo M. Investigating G-protein coupled receptor signalling with light-emitting biosensors. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1310197. [PMID: 38260094 PMCID: PMC10801095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1310197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most frequent target of currently approved drugs and play a central role in both physiological and pathophysiological processes. Beyond the canonical understanding of GPCR signal transduction, the importance of receptor conformation, beta-arrestin (β-arr) biased signalling, and signalling from intracellular locations other than the plasma membrane is becoming more apparent, along with the tight spatiotemporal compartmentalisation of downstream signals. Fluorescent and bioluminescent biosensors have played a pivotal role in elucidating GPCR signalling events in live cells. To understand the mechanisms of action of the GPCR-targeted drugs currently available, and to develop new and better GPCR-targeted therapeutics, understanding these novel aspects of GPCR signalling is critical. In this review, we present some of the tools available to interrogate each of these features of GPCR signalling, we illustrate some of the key findings which have been made possible by these tools and we discuss their limitations and possible developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Z, Lin X, Wei L, Wu Y, Xu L, Wu L, Wei X, Zhao S, Zhu X, Xu F. A framework for Frizzled-G protein coupling and implications to the PCP signaling pathways. Cell Discov 2024; 10:3. [PMID: 38182578 PMCID: PMC10770037 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The ten Frizzled receptors (FZDs) are essential in Wnt signaling and play important roles in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Among these, FZD6 is closely associated with lens development. Understanding FZD activation mechanism is key to unlock these emerging targets. Here we present the cryo-EM structures of FZD6 and FZD3 which are known to relay non-canonical planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways as well as FZD1 in their G protein-coupled states and in the apo inactive states, respectively. Comparison of the three inactive/active pairs unveiled a shared activation framework among all ten FZDs. Mutagenesis along with imaging and functional analysis on the human lens epithelial tissues suggested potential crosstalk between the G-protein coupling of FZD6 and the PCP signaling pathways. Together, this study provides an integrated understanding of FZD structure and function, and lays the foundation for developing therapeutic modulators to activate or inhibit FZD signaling for a range of disorders including cancers and cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohu Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei S, Pour NG, Tiruvadi-Krishnan S, Ray AP, Thakur N, Eddy MT, Lamichhane R. Single-molecule visualization of human A 2A adenosine receptor activation by a G protein and constitutively activating mutations. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1218. [PMID: 38036689 PMCID: PMC10689853 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations that constitutively activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as constitutively activating mutations (CAMs), modify cell signaling and interfere with drugs, resulting in diseases with limited treatment options. We utilize fluorescence imaging at the single-molecule level to visualize the dynamic process of CAM-mediated activation of the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) in real time. We observe an active-state population for all CAMs without agonist stimulation. Importantly, activating mutations significantly increase the population of an intermediate state crucial for receptor activation, notably distinct from the addition of a partner G protein. Activation kinetics show that while CAMs increase the frequency of transitions to the intermediate state, mutations altering sodium sensitivity increase transitions away from it. These findings indicate changes in GPCR function caused by mutations may be predicted based on whether they favor or disfavor formation of an intermediate state, providing a framework for designing receptors with altered functions or therapies that target intermediate states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Niloofar Gopal Pour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sriram Tiruvadi-Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Arka Prabha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naveen Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew T Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Rajan Lamichhane
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Daly C, Guseinov AA, Hahn H, Wright A, Tikhonova IG, Thomsen ARB, Plouffe B. β-Arrestin-dependent and -independent endosomal G protein activation by the vasopressin type 2 receptor. eLife 2023; 12:RP87754. [PMID: 37855711 PMCID: PMC10586804 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) is an essential G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in renal regulation of water homeostasis. Upon stimulation, the V2R activates Gαs and Gαq/11, which is followed by robust recruitment of β-arrestins and receptor internalization into endosomes. Unlike canonical GPCR signaling, the β-arrestin association with the V2R does not terminate Gαs activation, and thus, Gαs-mediated signaling is sustained while the receptor is internalized. Here, we demonstrate that this V2R ability to co-interact with G protein/β-arrestin and promote endosomal G protein signaling is not restricted to Gαs, but also involves Gαq/11. Furthermore, our data imply that β-arrestins potentiate Gαs/Gαq/11 activation at endosomes rather than terminating their signaling. Surprisingly, we found that the V2R internalizes and promote endosomal G protein activation independent of β-arrestins to a minor degree. These new observations challenge the current model of endosomal GPCR signaling and suggest that this event can occur in both β-arrestin-dependent and -independent manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Daly
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Hyunggu Hahn
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of DentistryNew YorkUnited States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of DentistryNew YorkUnited States
| | - Adam Wright
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Alex Rojas Bie Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of DentistryNew YorkUnited States
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of DentistryNew YorkUnited States
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Daly C, Guseinov AA, Hahn H, Wright A, Tikhonova IG, Thomsen ARB, Plouffe B. β-arrestin-dependent and -independent endosomal G protein activation by the vasopressin type 2 receptor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.01.535208. [PMID: 37034816 PMCID: PMC10081317 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.01.535208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) is an essential GPCR in renal regulation of water homeostasis. Upon stimulation, the V2R activates Gαs and Gαq/11, which is followed by robust recruitment of β-arrestins and receptor internalization into endosomes. Unlike canonical GPCR signaling, the β-arrestin association with the V2R does not terminate Gαs activation, and thus, Gαs-mediated signaling is sustained while the receptor is internalized. Here, we demonstrate that this V2R ability to co-interact with G protein/β-arrestin and promote endosomal G protein signaling is not restricted to Gαs, but also involves Gαq/11. Furthermore, our data implies that β-arrestins potentiate Gαs/Gαq/11 activation at endosomes rather than terminating their signaling. Surprisingly, we found that the V2R internalizes and promote endosomal G protein activation independent of β-arrestins to a minor degree. These new observations challenge the current model of endosomal GPCR signaling and suggest that this event can occur in both β-arrestin-dependent and -independent manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Daly
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Hyunggu Hahn
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Adam Wright
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Alex Rojas Bie Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Erlandson SC, Rawson S, Osei-Owusu J, Brock KP, Liu X, Paulo JA, Mintseris J, Gygi SP, Marks DS, Cong X, Kruse AC. The relaxin receptor RXFP1 signals through a mechanism of autoinhibition. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1013-1021. [PMID: 37081311 PMCID: PMC10530065 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) is the receptor for relaxin-2, an important regulator of reproductive and cardiovascular physiology. RXFP1 is a multi-domain G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with an ectodomain consisting of a low-density lipoprotein receptor class A (LDLa) module and leucine-rich repeats. The mechanism of RXFP1 signal transduction is clearly distinct from that of other GPCRs, but remains very poorly understood. In the present study, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of active-state human RXFP1, bound to a single-chain version of the endogenous agonist relaxin-2 and the heterotrimeric Gs protein. Evolutionary coupling analysis and structure-guided functional experiments reveal that RXFP1 signals through a mechanism of autoinhibition. Our results explain how an unusual GPCR family functions, providing a path to rational drug development targeting the relaxin receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Erlandson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaun Rawson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Osei-Owusu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly P Brock
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Mintseris
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debora S Marks
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaojing Cong
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gusach A, Lee Y, Khoshgrudi AN, Mukhaleva E, Ma N, Koers EJ, Chen Q, Edwards PC, Huang F, Kim J, Mancia F, Verprintsev DB, Vaidehi N, Weyand SN, Tate CG. Molecular recognition of an aversive odorant by the murine trace amine-associated receptor TAAR7f. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.07.547762. [PMID: 37461561 PMCID: PMC10350033 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.547762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
There are two main families of G protein-coupled receptors that detect odours in humans, the odorant receptors (ORs) and the trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). Their amino acid sequences are distinct, with the TAARs being most similar to the aminergic receptors such as those activated by adrenaline, serotonin and histamine. To elucidate the structural determinants of ligand recognition by TAARs, we have determined the cryo-EM structure of a murine receptor, mTAAR7f, coupled to the heterotrimeric G protein Gs and bound to the odorant N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCH) to an overall resolution of 2.9 Å. DMCH is bound in a hydrophobic orthosteric binding site primarily through van der Waals interactions and a strong charge-charge interaction between the tertiary amine of the ligand and an aspartic acid residue. This site is distinct and non-overlapping with the binding site for the odorant propionate in the odorant receptor OR51E2. The structure, in combination with mutagenesis data and molecular dynamics simulations suggests that the activation of the receptor follows a similar pathway to that of the β-adrenoceptors, with the significant difference that DMCH interacts directly with one of the main activation microswitch residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Gusach
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue,
Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Yang Lee
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue,
Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Armin Nikpour Khoshgrudi
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, NG7 2RD, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Elizaveta Mukhaleva
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman
Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA-91006, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman
Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA-91006, USA
| | - Eline J. Koers
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, NG7 2RD, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Qingchao Chen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue,
Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patricia C. Edwards
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue,
Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fanglu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court
Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia
University, Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Filippo Mancia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia
University, Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dmitry B. Verprintsev
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, NG7 2RD, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman
Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA-91006, USA
| | - Simone N. Weyand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court
Road, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Victor Phillip
Dahdaleh Building, Heart & Lung Research Institute, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical
Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building,
Biomedical Campus, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI),
Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Christopher G. Tate
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue,
Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Olsen RH, English JG. Advancements in G protein-coupled receptor biosensors to study GPCR-G protein coupling. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1433-1443. [PMID: 36166832 PMCID: PMC10511148 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic and cellular signalling biosensors are used to decipher the activities of complex biological systems. Biosensors for monitoring G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the most drugged class of proteins in the human body, are plentiful and vary in utility, form and function. Their applications have continually expanded our understanding of this important protein class. Here, we briefly summarize a subset of this field with accelerating importance: transducer biosensors measuring receptor-coupling and selectivity, with an emphasis on sensors measuring receptor association and activation of heterotrimeric signalling complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin G. English
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hoppe N, Harrison S, Hwang SH, Chen Z, Karelina M, Deshpande I, Suomivuori CM, Palicharla VR, Berry SP, Tschaikner P, Regele D, Covey DF, Stefan E, Marks DS, Reiter J, Dror RO, Evers AS, Mukhopadhyay S, Manglik A. GPR161 structure uncovers the redundant role of sterol-regulated ciliary cAMP signaling in the Hedgehog pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.23.540554. [PMID: 37292845 PMCID: PMC10245861 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.23.540554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR161 is enriched in primary cilia, where it plays a central role in suppressing Hedgehog signaling1. GPR161 mutations lead to developmental defects and cancers2,3,4. The fundamental basis of how GPR161 is activated, including potential endogenous activators and pathway-relevant signal transducers, remains unclear. To elucidate GPR161 function, we determined a cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of active GPR161 bound to the heterotrimeric G protein complex Gs. This structure revealed an extracellular loop 2 that occupies the canonical GPCR orthosteric ligand pocket. Furthermore, we identify a sterol that binds to a conserved extrahelical site adjacent to transmembrane helices 6 and 7 and stabilizes a GPR161 conformation required for Gs coupling. Mutations that prevent sterol binding to GPR161 suppress cAMP pathway activation. Surprisingly, these mutants retain the ability to suppress GLI2 transcription factor accumulation in cilia, a key function of ciliary GPR161 in Hedgehog pathway suppression. By contrast, a protein kinase A-binding site in the GPR161 C-terminus is critical in suppressing GLI2 ciliary accumulation. Our work highlights how unique structural features of GPR161 interface with the Hedgehog pathway and sets a foundation to understand the broader role of GPR161 function in other signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hoppe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simone Harrison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Taylor Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Masha Karelina
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ishan Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carl-Mikael Suomivuori
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivek R. Palicharla
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel P. Berry
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philipp Tschaikner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Dominik Regele
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Douglas F. Covey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Taylor Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Debora S. Marks
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Ron O. Dror
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex S. Evers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Taylor Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Radoux-Mergault A, Oberhauser L, Aureli S, Gervasio FL, Stoeber M. Subcellular location defines GPCR signal transduction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6059. [PMID: 37075112 PMCID: PMC10115417 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be activated by permeant ligands, which contributes to agonist selectivity. Opioid receptors (ORs) provide a notable example, where opioid drugs rapidly activate ORs in the Golgi apparatus. Our knowledge on intracellular GPCR function remains incomplete, and it is unknown whether OR signaling in plasma membrane (PM) and Golgi apparatus differs. Here, we assess the recruitment of signal transducers to mu- and delta-ORs in both compartments. We find that Golgi ORs couple to Gαi/o probes and are phosphorylated but, unlike PM receptors, do not recruit β-arrestin or a specific Gα probe. Molecular dynamics simulations with OR-transducer complexes in bilayers mimicking PM or Golgi composition reveal that the lipid environment promotes the location-selective coupling. We then show that delta-ORs in PM and Golgi have distinct effects on transcription and protein phosphorylation. The study reveals that the subcellular location defines the signaling effects of opioid drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Oberhauser
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Aureli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Luigi Gervasio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Miriam Stoeber
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Klenk C, Scrivens M, Niederer A, Shi S, Mueller L, Gersz E, Zauderer M, Smith ES, Strohner R, Plückthun A. A Vaccinia-based system for directed evolution of GPCRs in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1770. [PMID: 36997531 PMCID: PMC10063554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed evolution in bacterial or yeast display systems has been successfully used to improve stability and expression of G protein-coupled receptors for structural and biophysical studies. Yet, several receptors cannot be tackled in microbial systems due to their complex molecular composition or unfavorable ligand properties. Here, we report an approach to evolve G protein-coupled receptors in mammalian cells. To achieve clonality and uniform expression, we develop a viral transduction system based on Vaccinia virus. By rational design of synthetic DNA libraries, we first evolve neurotensin receptor 1 for high stability and expression. Second, we demonstrate that receptors with complex molecular architectures and large ligands, such as the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor, can be readily evolved. Importantly, functional receptor properties can now be evolved in the presence of the mammalian signaling environment, resulting in receptor variants exhibiting increased allosteric coupling between the ligand binding site and the G protein interface. Our approach thus provides insights into the intricate molecular interplay required for GPCR activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Klenk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Scrivens
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Anina Niederer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuying Shi
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Loretta Mueller
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Gersz
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Maurice Zauderer
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Ernest S Smith
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Ralf Strohner
- MorphoSys AG, Semmelweisstr. 7, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Papasergi-Scott MM, Pérez-Hernández G, Batebi H, Gao Y, Eskici G, Seven AB, Panova O, Hilger D, Casiraghi M, He F, Maul L, Gmeiner P, Kobilka BK, Hildebrand PW, Skiniotis G. Time-resolved cryo-EM of G protein activation by a GPCR. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.20.533387. [PMID: 36993214 PMCID: PMC10055275 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by stimulating the exchange of guanine nucleotide in the Gα subunit. To visualize this mechanism, we developed a time-resolved cryo-EM approach that examines the progression of ensembles of pre-steady-state intermediates of a GPCR-G protein complex. Using variability analysis to monitor the transitions of the stimulatory Gs protein in complex with the β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR) at short sequential time points after GTP addition, we identified the conformational trajectory underlying G protein activation and functional dissociation from the receptor. Twenty transition structures generated from sequential overlapping particle subsets along this trajectory, compared to control structures, provide a high-resolution description of the order of events driving G protein activation upon GTP binding. Structural changes propagate from the nucleotide-binding pocket and extend through the GTPase domain, enacting alterations to Gα Switch regions and the α5 helix that weaken the G protein-receptor interface. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with late structures in the cryo-EM trajectory support that enhanced ordering of GTP upon closure of the alpha-helical domain (AHD) against the nucleotide-bound Ras-homology domain (RHD) correlates with irreversible α5 helix destabilization and eventual dissociation of the G protein from the GPCR. These findings also highlight the potential of time-resolved cryo-EM as a tool for mechanistic dissection of GPCR signaling events.
Collapse
|
23
|
Thakur N, Ray AP, Sharp L, Jin B, Duong A, Pour NG, Obeng S, Wijesekara AV, Gao ZG, McCurdy CR, Jacobson KA, Lyman E, Eddy MT. Anionic Phospholipids Control Mechanisms of GPCR-G Protein Recognition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523010. [PMID: 36711594 PMCID: PMC9882065 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are embedded in phospholipids that strongly influence drug-stimulated signaling. Anionic lipids are particularly important for GPCR signaling complex formation, but a mechanism for this role is not understood. Using NMR spectroscopy, we visualized the impact of anionic lipids on the function-related conformational equilibria of the human A 2A adenosine receptor (A 2A AR) in bilayers containing defined mixtures of zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids. Anionic lipids primed the receptor to form complexes with G proteins through a conformational selection process. Without anionic lipids, signaling complex formation proceeded through a less favorable induced fit mechanism. In computational models, anionic lipids mimicked interactions between a G protein and positively charged residues in A 2A AR at the receptor intracellular surface, stabilizing a pre-activated receptor conformation. Replacing these residues strikingly altered the receptor response to anionic lipids in experiments. High sequence conservation of the same residues among all GPCRs supports a general role for lipid-receptor charge complementarity in signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Arka P Ray
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Liam Sharp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Beining Jin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alexander Duong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Niloofar Gopal Pour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Samuel Obeng
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anuradha V Wijesekara
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Edward Lyman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Matthew T Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dmitrieva DA, Kotova TV, Safronova NA, Sadova AA, Dashevskii DE, Mishin AV. Protein Design Strategies for the Structural–Functional Studies of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:S192-S226. [PMID: 37069121 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923140110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important family of membrane proteins responsible for many physiological functions in human body. High resolution GPCR structures are required to understand their molecular mechanisms and perform rational drug design, as GPCRs play a crucial role in a variety of diseases. That is difficult to obtain for the wild-type proteins because of their low stability. In this review, we discuss how this problem can be solved by using protein design strategies developed to obtain homogeneous stabilized GPCR samples for crystallization and cryoelectron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Dmitrieva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Kotova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Safronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Sadova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E Dashevskii
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yamamoto T, Yasuda S, Kasai RS, Nakano R, Hikiri S, Sugaya K, Hayashi T, Ogasawara S, Shiroishi M, Fujiwara TK, Kinoshita M, Murata T. A methodology for creating mutants of G-protein coupled receptors stabilized in active state by combining statistical thermodynamics and evolutionary molecular engineering. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4425. [PMID: 36173170 PMCID: PMC9490800 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We challenged the stabilization of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) in the active state solely by multiple amino-acid mutations without the agonist binding. For many GPCRs, the free energy of the active state is higher than that of the inactive state. When the inactive state is stabilized through the lowering of its free energy, the apparent midpoint temperature of thermal denaturation Tm exhibits a significant increase. However, this is not always the case for the stabilization of the active state. We constructed a modified version of our methodology combining statistical thermodynamics and evolutionary molecular engineering, which was recently developed for the inactive state. First, several residues to be mutated are determined using our statistical-thermodynamics theory. Second, a gene (mutant) library is constructed using Escherichia coli cells to efficiently explore most of the mutational space. Third, for the mutant screening, the mutants prepared in accordance with the library are expressed in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae YB14 cells which can grow only when a GPCR mutant stabilized in the active state has signaling function. For the adenosine A2A receptor tested, the methodology enabled us to sort out two triple mutants and a double mutant. It was experimentally corroborated that all the mutants exhibit much higher binding affinity for G protein than the wild type. Analyses indicated that the mutations make the structural characteristics shift toward those of the active state. However, only slight increases in Tm resulted from the mutations, suggesting the unsuitability of Tm to the stability measure for the active state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Membrane Protein Research CenterChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Molecular Chirality Research CenterChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Rinshi S. Kasai
- Institute for Glyco‐core Research (iGCORE)Gifu UniversityGifuJapan
- Institute for Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ryosuke Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Simon Hikiri
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kanna Sugaya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Hayashi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, Assistive Technology, and Art and Sports Sciences, Faculty of EngineeringNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
- Institute of Advanced EnergyKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Satoshi Ogasawara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Membrane Protein Research CenterChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Molecular Chirality Research CenterChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Institute for Advanced Academic ResearchChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Mitsunori Shiroishi
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyTokyo University of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Takahiro K. Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell‐Material Sciences (WPI‐iCeMS)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Membrane Protein Research CenterChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Institute of Advanced EnergyKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and ResearchKyoto UniversityKyoto‐shiJapan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Membrane Protein Research CenterChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Molecular Chirality Research CenterChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim H, Baek IY, Seong J. Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for GPCR research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1007893. [PMID: 36247000 PMCID: PMC9559200 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1007893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes, thus it is important to understand how GPCRs are activated and function in various cellular contexts. In particular, the activation process of GPCRs is dynamically regulated upon various extracellular stimuli, and emerging evidence suggests the subcellular functions of GPCRs at endosomes and other organelles. Therefore, precise monitoring of the GPCR activation process with high spatiotemporal resolution is required to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of GPCR functions. In this review, we will introduce genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors that can precisely monitor the real-time GPCR activation process in live cells. The process includes the binding of extracellular GPCR ligands, conformational change of GPCR, recruitment of G proteins or β-arrestin, GPCR internalization and trafficking, and the GPCR-related downstream signaling events. We will introduce fluorescent GPCR biosensors based on a variety of strategies such as fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), circular permuted fluorescent protein (cpFP), and nanobody. We will discuss the pros and cons of these GPCR biosensors as well as their applications in GPCR research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Yeop Baek
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jihye Seong,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Poulie CBM, Pottie E, Simon IA, Harpsøe K, D'Andrea L, Komarov IV, Gloriam DE, Jensen AA, Stove CP, Kristensen JL. Discovery of β-Arrestin-Biased 25CN-NBOH-Derived 5-HT 2A Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12031-12043. [PMID: 36099411 PMCID: PMC9511481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) is the mediator of the psychedelic effects of serotonergic psychedelics, which have shown promising results in clinical studies for several neuropsychiatric indications. The 5-HT2AR is able to signal through the Gαq and β-arrestin effector proteins, but it is currently not known how the different signaling pathways contribute to the therapeutic effects mediated by serotonergic psychedelics. In the present work, we have evaluated the subtype-selective 5-HT2AR agonist 25CN-NBOH and a series of close analogues for biased signaling at this receptor. These ligands were designed to evaluate the role of interactions with Ser1593×36. The lack of interaction between this hydroxyl moiety and Ser1593×36 resulted in detrimental effects on potency and efficacy in both βarr2 and miniGαq recruitment assays. Remarkably, Gαq-mediated signaling was considerably more affected. This led to the development of the first efficacious βarr2-biased 5-HT2AR agonists 4a-b and 6e-f, βarr2 preferring, relative to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian B M Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK─2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eline Pottie
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Icaro A Simon
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK─2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Harpsøe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK─2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura D'Andrea
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK─2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK─2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK─2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jesper L Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK─2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Olson KM, Campbell A, Alt A, Traynor JR. Finding the Perfect Fit: Conformational Biosensors to Determine the Efficacy of GPCR Ligands. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:694-709. [PMID: 36110374 PMCID: PMC9469492 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly druggable targets that adopt numerous conformations. A ligand's ability to stabilize specific conformation(s) of its cognate receptor determines its efficacy or ability to produce a biological response. Identifying ligands that produce different receptor conformations and potentially discrete pharmacological effects (e.g., biased agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulators) is a major goal in drug discovery and necessary to develop drugs with better effectiveness and fewer side effects. Fortunately, direct measurements of ligand efficacy, via receptor conformational changes are possible with the recent development of conformational biosensors. In this review, we discuss classical efficacy models, including the two-state model, the ternary-complex model, and multistate models. We describe how nanobody-, transducer-, and receptor-based conformational biosensors detect and/or stabilize specific GPCR conformations to identify ligands with different levels of efficacy. In particular, conformational biosensors provide the potential to identify and/or characterize therapeutically desirable but often difficult to measure conformations of receptors faster and better than current methods. For drug discovery/development, several recent proof-of-principle studies have optimized conformational biosensors for high-throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, their widespread use is limited by the fact that few sensors are reliably capable of detecting low-frequency conformations and technically demanding assay conditions. Nonetheless, conformational biosensors do help identify desirable ligands such as allosteric modulators, biased ligands, or partial agonists in a single assay, representing a distinct advantage over classical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. Olson
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Life
Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andra Campbell
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Life
Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew Alt
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Life
Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John R. Traynor
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo S, Zhao T, Yun Y, Xie X. Recent Progress in Assays for GPCR Drug Discovery. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C583-C594. [PMID: 35816640 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00464.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as 7 transmembrane receptors, are the largest family of cell surface receptors in eukaryotes. There are ~800 GPCRs in human, regulating diverse physiological processes. GPCRs are the most intensively studied drug targets. Drugs that target GPCRs account for about a quarter of the global market share of therapeutic drugs. Therefore, to develop physiologically relevant and robust assays to search new GPCR ligands or modulators remain the major focus of drug discovery research worldwide. Early functional GPCR assays are mainly depend on the measurement of G protein-mediated second messenger generation. Recent development in GPCR biology indicate the signaling of these receptors is much more complex than the oversimplified classical view. GPCRs have been found to activate multiple G proteins simultaneously and induce b-arrestin-mediated signaling. GPCRs have also been found to interacte with other cytosolic scaffolding proteins and form dimer or heteromer with GPCRs or other transmembrane proteins. Here we mainly discuss technologies focused on detecting protein-protein interactions, such as FRET/BRET, NanoBiT, Tango, etc, and their applications in measuring GPCRs interacting with various signaling partners. In the final part, we also discuss the species differences in GPCRs when using animal models to study the in vivofunctions of GPCR ligands, and possible ways to solve this problem with modern genetic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Guo
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yun
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xie
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Teng X, Chen S, Wang Q, Chen Z, Wang X, Huang N, Zheng S. Structural insights into G protein activation by D1 dopamine receptor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4158. [PMID: 35687690 PMCID: PMC9187227 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of membrane receptors and are the most important drug targets. An agonist-bound GPCR engages heterotrimeric G proteins and triggers the exchange of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to promote G protein activation. A complete understanding of molecular mechanisms of G protein activation has been hindered by a lack of structural information of GPCR-G protein complex in nucleotide-bound states. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of the D1 dopamine receptor and mini-Gs complex in the nucleotide-free and nucleotide-bound states. These structures reveal major conformational changes in Gα such as structural rearrangements of the carboxyl- and amino-terminal α helices that account for the release of GDP and the GTP-dependent dissociation of Gα from Gβγ subunits. As validated by biochemical and cellular signaling studies, our structures shed light into the molecular basis of the entire signaling events of GPCR-mediated G protein activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Teng
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Niu Huang
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sanduo Zheng
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Agonists are defined as the ligands that activate intracellular signaling and evoke cellular responses. Synthetic and endogenous agonists should bind specific amino acids to activate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Agonists that induce maximal responses are full agonists. Partial agonists cannot induce full responses unlike full agonists. In definition, antagonists inhibit agonist-stimulated responses by binding to orthosteric or allosteric sites. Antagonists modulate agonist-induced responses and are often related with inverse agonist activity. However, the relationship between antagonists and partial agonists is complex. An antagonist behaves as a partial agonist when the constitutive activity of the GPCR is high. In contrast, a partial agonist with very weak intrinsic activity may be classified as an antagonist. Thus, antagonisms of the compounds are influenced by constitutive activity of GPCRs, intrinsic activity and differences in the binding sites of GPCRs. Since "antagonism" has been revealed to have multiple aspects and more complex than previously thought, it may be difficult to classify each compound as simply "agonist" or "antagonist" as before. In this review, we discuss the recent findings and perspectives on the pharmacology of GPCR-binding antagonists, inverse agonists, and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nakai H, Isshiki K, Hattori M, Maehira H, Yamaguchi T, Masuda K, Shimizu Y, Watanabe T, Hohsaka T, Shihoya W, Nureki O, Kato Y, Watanabe H, Matsuura T. Cell-Free Synthesis of Human Endothelin Receptors and Its Application to Ribosome Display. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3831-3839. [PMID: 35188389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Engineering G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for improved stability or altered function is of great interest, as GPCRs consist of the largest protein family, are involved in many important signaling pathways, and thus, are one of the major drug targets. Here, we report the development of a high-throughput screening method for GPCRs using a reconstituted in vitro transcription-translation (IVTT) system. Human endothelin receptor type-B (ETBR), a class A GPCR that binds endothelin-1 (ET-1), a 21-residue peptide hormone, was synthesized in the presence of nanodisc (ND) composed of a phospholipid, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (POPG). The ET-1 binding of ETBR was significantly reduced or was undetectable when other phospholipids were used for ND preparation. However, when functional ETBR purified from Sf9 cells was reconstituted into NDs, ET-1 binding was observed with two different phospholipids tested, including POPG. These results suggest that POPG likely supports the folding of ETBR into its functional form in the IVTT system. Using the same conditions as ETBR, whose three-dimensional structure has been solved, human endothelin receptor type-A (ETAR), whose three-dimensional structure remains unsolved, was also synthesized in its functional form. By adding POPG-ND to the IVTT system, both ETAR and ETBR were successfully subjected to ribosome display, a method of in vitro directed evolution that facilitates the screening of up to 1012 mutants. Finally, using a mock library, we showed that ribosome display can be applied for gene screening of ETBR, suggesting that high-throughput screening and directed evolution of GPCRs is possible in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kinuka Isshiki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Hattori
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Maehira
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-i7E-307, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Keiko Masuda
- Laboratory for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystem Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimizu
- Laboratory for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystem Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hohsaka
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Wataru Shihoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuura
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-i7E-307, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pottie E, Stove CP. In vitro assays for the functional characterization of (psychedelic) substances at the serotonin receptor 5-HT 2A R. J Neurochem 2022; 162:39-59. [PMID: 34978711 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics are substances that induce alterations in mood, perception, and thought, and have the activation of serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptors (5-HT2A Rs) as a main pharmacological mechanism. Besides their appearance on the (illicit) drug market, e.g. as new psychoactive substances, their potential therapeutic application is increasingly explored. This group of substances demonstrates a broad structural variety, leading to insufficiently described structure-activity relationships, hence illustrating the need for better functional characterization. This review therefore elaborates on the in vitro molecular techniques that have been used the most abundantly for the characterization of (psychedelic) 5-HT2A R agonists. More specifically, this review covers assays to monitor the canonical G protein signaling pathway (e.g. measuring G protein recruitment/activation, inositol phosphate accumulation, or Ca2+ mobilization), assays to monitor non-canonical G protein signaling (such as arachidonic acid release), assays to monitor β-arrestin recruitment or signaling, and assays to monitor receptor conformational changes. In particular, focus lies on the mechanism behind the techniques, and the specific advantages and challenges that are associated with these. Additionally, several variables are discussed that one should consider when attempting to compare functional outcomes from different studies, both linked to the specific assay mechanism and linked to its specific execution, as these may heavily impact the assay outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Pottie
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Roehrkasse AM, Karim JA, Pioszak AA. A Native PAGE Assay for the Biochemical Characterization of G Protein Coupling to GPCRs. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4266. [PMID: 35087925 PMCID: PMC8720520 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane-embedded receptors that have diverse roles in physiology and are major drug targets. GPCRs transduce an agonist binding signal across the membrane to activate intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins. The dynamic nature of the receptors and the complexity of their interactions with agonists and G proteins present significant challenges for biochemical studies. Most biochemical/biophysical methods that have been employed to study GPCR-G protein coupling require purified receptors and are technically difficult. Here, we provide a protocol for a relatively simple and time- and cost-effective membrane protein native PAGE assay, to visualize and biochemically characterize agonist-dependent coupling of detergent-solubilized GPCRs to purified G protein surrogate "mini-G" proteins, which stabilize the receptor in an active state. The assay was developed for our studies of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, a class B GPCR that mediates the actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin peptide agonists. It does not require a purified receptor and it can be used in a screening format with transiently-transfected adherent mammalian cell cultures, to quickly identify detergent-stable complexes amenable to study, or in a quantitative format with membrane preparations, to determine apparent affinities of agonists for the mini-G-coupled receptor and apparent affinities of mini-G proteins for the agonist-occupied receptor. The latter provides a partial measure of agonist efficacy. The method should be applicable to other GPCRs, and has the potential to be adapted to the study of other challenging membrane proteins and their complexes with binding partners. Graphic abstract: Visualizing agonist-dependent mini-G protein coupling and determining apparent binding affinities using the native PAGE assay quantitative formats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Roehrkasse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Jordan A. Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Augen A. Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Molecular insights into ligand recognition and G protein coupling of the neuromodulatory orphan receptor GPR139. Cell Res 2021; 32:210-213. [PMID: 34916631 PMCID: PMC8807744 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
36
|
Thom C, Ehrenmann J, Vacca S, Waltenspühl Y, Schöppe J, Medalia O, Plückthun A. Structures of neurokinin 1 receptor in complex with G q and G s proteins reveal substance P binding mode and unique activation features. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk2872. [PMID: 34878828 PMCID: PMC8654284 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is involved in inflammation and pain transmission. This pathophysiologically important G protein–coupled receptor is predominantly activated by its cognate agonist substance P (SP) but also by the closely related neurokinins A and B. Here, we report cryo–electron microscopy structures of SP-bound NK1R in complex with its primary downstream signal mediators, Gq and Gs. Our structures reveal how a polar network at the extracellular, solvent-exposed receptor surface shapes the orthosteric pocket and that NK1R adopts a noncanonical active-state conformation with an interface for G protein binding, which is distinct from previously reported structures. Detailed comparisons with antagonist-bound NK1R crystal structures reveal that insurmountable antagonists induce a distinct and long-lasting receptor conformation that sterically blocks SP binding. Together, our structures provide important structural insights into ligand and G protein promiscuity, the lack of basal signaling, and agonist- and antagonist-induced conformations in the neurokinin receptor family.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lucey M, Ashik T, Marzook A, Wang Y, Goulding J, Oishi A, Broichhagen J, Hodson DJ, Minnion J, Elani Y, Jockers R, Briddon SJ, Bloom SR, Tomas A, Jones B. Acylation of the Incretin Peptide Exendin-4 Directly Impacts Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling and Trafficking. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:319-334. [PMID: 34315812 PMCID: PMC8626645 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor and mainstay therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recent reports have highlighted how biased agonism at the GLP-1R affects sustained glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through avoidance of desensitization and downregulation. A number of GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RAs) feature a fatty acid moiety to prolong their pharmacokinetics via increased albumin binding, but the potential for these chemical changes to influence GLP-1R function has rarely been investigated beyond potency assessments for cAMP. Here, we directly compare the prototypical GLP-1RA exendin-4 with its C-terminally acylated analog, exendin-4-C16. We examine relative propensities of each ligand to recruit and activate G proteins and β-arrestins, endocytic and postendocytic trafficking profiles, and interactions with model and cellular membranes in HEK293 and HEK293T cells. Both ligands had similar cAMP potency, but exendin-4-C16 showed ∼2.5-fold bias toward G protein recruitment and a ∼60% reduction in β-arrestin-2 recruitment efficacy compared with exendin-4, as well as reduced GLP-1R endocytosis and preferential targeting toward recycling pathways. These effects were associated with reduced movement of the GLP-1R extracellular domain measured using a conformational biosensor approach and a ∼70% increase in insulin secretion in INS-1 832/3 cells. Interactions with plasma membrane lipids were enhanced by the acyl chain. Exendin-4-C16 showed extensive albumin binding and was highly effective for lowering of blood glucose in mice over at least 72 hours. Our study highlights the importance of a broad approach to the evaluation of GLP-1RA pharmacology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acylation is a common strategy to enhance the pharmacokinetics of peptide-based drugs. This work shows how acylation can also affect various other pharmacological parameters, including biased agonism, receptor trafficking, and interactions with the plasma membrane, which may be therapeutically important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucey
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Tanyel Ashik
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Amaara Marzook
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Yifan Wang
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Atsuro Oishi
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - David J Hodson
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - James Minnion
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Yuval Elani
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine (M.L., T.A., A.M., J.M., S.R.B., B.J.) and Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics (Y.W., A.T.), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, and Department of Chemical Engineering (Y.E.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (J.G., S.J.B.); Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom (J.G., D.J.H., S.J.B.); Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France (A.O., R.J.); Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.O.); Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (J.B.); Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.); and Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Höring C, Conrad M, Söldner CA, Wang J, Sticht H, Strasser A, Miao Y. Specific Engineered G Protein Coupling to Histamine Receptors Revealed from Cellular Assay Experiments and Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10047. [PMID: 34576210 PMCID: PMC8467750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets of extracellular stimuli and hence occupy a key position in drug discovery. By specific and not yet fully elucidated coupling profiles with α subunits of distinct G protein families, they regulate cellular responses. The histamine H2 and H4 receptors (H2R and H4R) are prominent members of Gs- and Gi-coupled GPCRs. Nevertheless, promiscuous G protein and selective Gi signaling have been reported for the H2R and H4R, respectively, the molecular mechanism of which remained unclear. Using a combination of cellular experimental assays and Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations, we investigated the coupling profiles of the H2R and H4R to engineered mini-G proteins (mG). We obtained coupling profiles of the mGs, mGsi, or mGsq proteins to the H2R and H4R from the mini-G protein recruitment assays using HEK293T cells. Compared to H2R-mGs expressing cells, histamine responses were weaker (pEC50, Emax) for H2R-mGsi and -mGsq. By contrast, the H4R selectively bound to mGsi. Similarly, in all-atom GaMD simulations, we observed a preferential binding of H2R to mGs and H4R to mGsi revealed by the structural flexibility and free energy landscapes of the complexes. Although the mG α5 helices were consistently located within the HR binding cavity, alternative binding orientations were detected in the complexes. Due to the specific residue interactions, all mG α5 helices of the H2R complexes adopted the Gs-like orientation toward the receptor transmembrane (TM) 6 domain, whereas in H4R complexes, only mGsi was in the Gi-like orientation toward TM2, which was in agreement with Gs- and Gi-coupled GPCRs structures resolved by X-ray/cryo-EM. These cellular and molecular insights support (patho)physiological profiles of the histamine receptors, especially the hitherto little studied H2R function in the brain, as well as of the pharmacological potential of H4R selective drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Höring
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian A Söldner
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jinan Wang
- Department of Computational Biology and Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Department of Computational Biology and Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
High-mass MALDI-MS unravels ligand-mediated G protein-coupling selectivity to GPCRs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024146118. [PMID: 34326250 PMCID: PMC8346855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024146118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. Upon ligand binding, GPCRs initiate intracellular signaling pathways by interacting with partner proteins. Assays that quantify the interplay between ligand binding and initiation of downstream signaling cascades are critical in the early stages of drug development. We have developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry method to unravel GPCR–protein complex interplay and demonstrated its use with three GPCRs to provide quantitative information about ligand-modulated coupling selectivity. This method provides insights into the molecular details of GPCR interactions and could serve as an approach for discovery of drugs that initiate specific cell-signaling pathways. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. Although there are structures of GPCRs in their active conformation with bound ligands and G proteins, the detailed molecular interplay between the receptors and their signaling partners remains challenging to decipher. To address this, we developed a high-sensitivity, high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) method to interrogate the first stage of signal transduction. GPCR–G protein complex formation is detected as a proxy for the effect of ligands on GPCR conformation and on coupling selectivity. Over 70 ligand–GPCR–partner protein combinations were studied using as little as 1.25 pmol protein per sample. We determined the selectivity profile and binding affinities of three GPCRs (rhodopsin, beta-1 adrenergic receptor [β1AR], and angiotensin II type 1 receptor) to engineered Gα-proteins (mGs, mGo, mGi, and mGq) and nanobody 80 (Nb80). We found that GPCRs in the absence of ligand can bind mGo, and that the role of the G protein C terminus in GPCR recognition is receptor-specific. We exemplified our quantification method using β1AR and demonstrated the allosteric effect of Nb80 binding in assisting displacement of nadolol to isoprenaline. We also quantified complex formation with wild-type heterotrimeric Gαiβγ and β-arrestin-1 and showed that carvedilol induces an increase in coupling of β-arrestin-1 and Gαiβγ to β1AR. A normalization strategy allows us to quantitatively measure the binding affinities of GPCRs to partner proteins. We anticipate that this methodology will find broad use in screening and characterization of GPCR-targeting drugs.
Collapse
|
40
|
Tropmann K, Bresinsky M, Forster L, Mönnich D, Buschauer A, Wittmann HJ, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Pockes S, Strasser A. Abolishing Dopamine D 2long/D 3 Receptor Affinity of Subtype-Selective Carbamoylguanidine-Type Histamine H 2 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8684-8709. [PMID: 34110814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
3-(2-Amino-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)propyl-substituted carbamoylguanidines are potent, subtype-selective histamine H2 receptor (H2R) agonists, but their applicability as pharmacological tools to elucidate the largely unknown H2R functions in the central nervous system (CNS) is compromised by their concomitant high affinity toward dopamine D2-like receptors (especially to the D3R). To improve the selectivity, a series of novel carbamoylguanidine-type ligands containing various heterocycles, spacers, and side residues were rationally designed, synthesized, and tested in binding and/or functional assays at H1-4 and D2long/3 receptors. This study revealed a couple of selective candidates (among others 31 and 47), and the most promising ones were screened at several off-target receptors, showing good selectivities. Docking studies suggest that the amino acid residues (3.28, 3.32, E2.49, E2.51, 5.42, and 7.35) are responsible for the different affinities at the H2- and D2long/3-receptors. These results provide a solid base for the exploration of the H2R functions in the brain in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tropmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Forster
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ligand modulation of the conformational dynamics of the A 2A adenosine receptor revealed by single-molecule fluorescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5910. [PMID: 33723285 PMCID: PMC7960716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of transmembrane proteins, making them an important target for therapeutics. Activation of these receptors is modulated by orthosteric ligands, which stabilize one or several states within a complex conformational ensemble. The intra- and inter-state dynamics, however, is not well documented. Here, we used single-molecule fluorescence to measure ligand-modulated conformational dynamics of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) on nanosecond to millisecond timescales. Experiments were performed on detergent-purified A2R in either the ligand-free (apo) state, or when bound to an inverse, partial or full agonist ligand. Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) was performed on detergent-solubilized A2AR to resolve active and inactive states via the separation between transmembrane (TM) helices 4 and 6. The ligand-dependent changes of the smFRET distributions are consistent with conformational selection and with inter-state exchange lifetimes ≥ 3 ms. Local conformational dynamics around residue 2296.31 on TM6 was measured using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), which captures dynamic quenching due to photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between a covalently-attached dye and proximal aromatic residues. Global analysis of PET-FCS data revealed fast (150-350 ns), intermediate (50-60 μs) and slow (200-300 μs) conformational dynamics in A2AR, with lifetimes and amplitudes modulated by ligands and a G-protein mimetic (mini-Gs). Most notably, the agonist binding and the coupling to mini-Gs accelerates and increases the relative contribution of the sub-microsecond phase. Molecular dynamics simulations identified three tyrosine residues (Y112, Y2887.53, and Y2907.55) as being responsible for the dynamic quenching observed by PET-FCS and revealed associated helical motions around residue 2296.31 on TM6. This study provides a quantitative description of conformational dynamics in A2AR and supports the idea that ligands bias not only GPCR conformations but also the dynamics within and between distinct conformational states of the receptor.
Collapse
|
42
|
Structures of active-state orexin receptor 2 rationalize peptide and small-molecule agonist recognition and receptor activation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:815. [PMID: 33547286 PMCID: PMC7864924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the brain’s ability to control sleep-wake cycles. Current therapies are limited to the management of symptoms with modest effectiveness and substantial adverse effects. Agonists of the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) have shown promise as novel therapeutics that directly target the pathophysiology of the disease. However, identification of drug-like OX2R agonists has proven difficult. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of active-state OX2R bound to an endogenous peptide agonist and a small-molecule agonist. The extended carboxy-terminal segment of the peptide reaches into the core of OX2R to stabilize an active conformation, while the small-molecule agonist binds deep inside the orthosteric pocket, making similar key interactions. Comparison with antagonist-bound OX2R suggests a molecular mechanism that rationalizes both receptor activation and inhibition. Our results enable structure-based discovery of therapeutic orexin agonists for the treatment of NT1 and other hypersomnia disorders. Agonists of the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) show promise in the treatment of narcolepsy. Cryo-EM structures of active-state OX2R bound to an endogenous peptide agonist and a small-molecule agonist suggest a molecular mechanism that rationalizes both receptor activation and inhibition.
Collapse
|
43
|
Oberhauser L, Stoeber M. Biosensors Monitor Ligand-Selective Effects at Kappa Opioid Receptors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 271:65-82. [PMID: 33387066 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for pain and itch treatment. There is growing interest in biased agonists that preferentially activate select signaling pathways downstream of KOR activation on the cellular level due to their therapeutic promise in retaining the analgesic and antipruritic effects and eliminating the sedative and dysphoric effects of KOR signaling on the physiological level. The concept of ligand-selective signaling includes that biased ligands promote KOR to selectively recruit one transducer or regulator protein over another, introducing bias into the signaling cascade at the very receptor-proximal level. Measuring agonist effects directly at the receptor has remained challenging and previous studies have focused on inferring agonist-selective KOR engagement with G protein relative to β-arrestin based on downstream signaling readouts. Here we discuss novel strategies to directly assess ligand-selective effects on receptor activation using KOR-interacting biosensors. The conformation-specific cytoplasmic biosensors are disconnected from the endogenous signaling machinery and provide a direct receptor-proxy readout of ligand effects in living cells. Receptor-biosensor interaction is ligand concentration dependent and can be used to determine relative ligand potency and efficacy. In addition, the biosensors reveal the existence of two dimensions of agonist bias in the cellular context: Firstly, agonists can selectively produce discrete protein-engaged KOR states and secondly, agonists can differ in the precise subcellular location at which they activate KOR. We discuss the value and the limitations of using orthogonal receptor-interacting biosensors in the quest to understand functional selectivity amongst KOR agonists in the cellular context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Oberhauser
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Stoeber
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dijon NC, Nesheva DN, Holliday ND. Luciferase Complementation Approaches to Measure GPCR Signaling Kinetics and Bias. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2268:249-274. [PMID: 34085274 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1221-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the kinetic contributions to G protein-coupled receptor pharmacology and signaling is increasingly important in compound profiling. Nonequilibrium conditions are commonly present in vivo, for example, as the drug competes with dynamic changes in hormone or neurotransmitter concentration for the receptor. Under such conditions individual binding kinetic properties of the ligands can influence duration of action, local ligand concentration, and functional properties such as the degree of insurmountable inhibition. Mapping the kinetic patterns of GPCR signaling events elicited by agonists, rather than a peak response at a single timepoint, is often key to predicting their functional impact. This is also a path to a better understanding of the origins of ligand bias, and whether such ligands demonstrate their effects through selection of distinct GPCR conformations, or via their kinetic properties. Recent developments in complementation approaches, based on a small bright shrimp luciferase Nanoluc, provide a new route to kinetic analysis of GPCR signaling in living cells that is amenable to the throughput required for compound profiling. In the NanoBiT luciferase complementation system, GPCRs and effector proteins are tagged with Nanoluc fragments optimized for their low interacting affinity and stability. The interactions brought about by GPCR recruitment of the effector are reproduced by a rapid and reversible increase in NanoBiT luminescence, in the presence of its substrate furimazine. Here we discuss the methods for optimizing and validating the GPCR NanoBiT assays, and protocols for their application to study endpoint and kinetic aspects of agonist and antagonist pharmacology. We also describe how timecourse families of agonist concentration response curves, derived from a single NanoBiT assay experiment, can be used to evaluate the kinetic components in operational model derived parameters of ligand bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Dijon
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Desislava N Nesheva
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas D Holliday
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Excellerate Bioscience, Biocity, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
GPCR Activation States Induced by Nanobodies and Mini-G Proteins Compared by NMR Spectroscopy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25245984. [PMID: 33348734 PMCID: PMC7767065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we examine methyl nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the methionine ε-[13CH3] labelled thermostabilized β1 adrenergic receptor from turkey in association with a variety of different effectors, including mini-Gs and nanobody 60 (Nb60), which have not been previously studied in complex with β1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR) by NMR. Complexes with pindolol and Nb60 induce highly similar inactive states of the receptor, closely resembling the resting state conformational ensemble. We show that, upon binding of mini-Gs or nanobody 80 (Nb80), large allosteric changes throughout the receptor take place. The conformation of tβ1AR stabilized by the native-like mini-Gs protein is highly similar to the conformation induced by the currently used surrogate Nb80. Interestingly, in both cases residual dynamics are present, which were not observed in the resting states. Finally, we reproduce a pharmaceutically relevant situation, where an antagonist abolishes the interaction of the receptor with the mini-G protein in a competitive manner, validating the functional integrity of our preparation. The presented system is therefore well suited for reproducing the individual steps of the activation cycle of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in vitro and serves as a basis for functional and pharmacological characterizations of more native-like systems in the future.
Collapse
|
46
|
Tropmann K, Höring C, Plank N, Pockes S. Discovery of a G Protein-Biased Radioligand for the Histamine H2 Receptor with Reversible Binding Properties. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13090-13102. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tropmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Plank
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Carotenuto AR, Lunghi L, Piccolo V, Babaei M, Dayal K, Pugno N, Zingales M, Deseri L, Fraldi M. Mechanobiology predicts raft formations triggered by ligand-receptor activity across the cell membrane. JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS 2020; 141:103974. [PMID: 32461703 PMCID: PMC7243794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2020.103974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Clustering of ligand-binding receptors of different types on thickened isles of the cell membrane, namely lipid rafts, is an experimentally observed phenomenon. Although its influence on cell's response is deeply investigated, the role of the coupling between mechanical processes and multiphysics involving the active receptors and the surrounding lipid membrane during ligand-binding has not yet been understood. Specifically, the focus of this work is on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the widest group of transmembrane proteins in animals, which regulate specific cell processes through chemical signalling pathways involving a synergistic balance between the cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) produced by active GPCRs in the intracellular environment and its efflux, mediated by the Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs) transporters. This paper develops a multiphysics approach based on the interplay among energetics, multiscale geometrical changes and mass balance of species, i.e. active GPCRs and MRPs, including diffusion and kinetics of binding and unbinding. Because the obtained energy depends upon both the kinematics and the changes of species densities, balance of mass and of linear momentum are coupled and govern the space-time evolution of the cell membrane. The mechanobiology involving remodelling and change of lipid ordering of the cell membrane allows to predict dynamics of transporters and active receptors -in full agreement with experimentally observed cAMP levels- and how the latter trigger rafts formation and cluster on such sites. Within the current scientific debate on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and on the basis of the ascertained fact that lipid rafts often serve as an entry port for viruses, it is felt that approaches accounting for strong coupling among mechanobiological aspects could even turn helpful in better understanding membrane-mediated phenomena such as COVID-19 virus-cell interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo R. Carotenuto
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Italy
| | - Laura Lunghi
- Smiling International School, formerly at the Department of Life Sciences and Biotech., University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Piccolo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Mahnoush Babaei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon, USA
| | - Kaushik Dayal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon, USA
| | - Nicola Pugno
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento 38123, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano Zingales
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universitàdi Palermo, viale delle Scienze ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Deseri
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, SSoE, University of Pittsburgh USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, USA
| | - Massimiliano Fraldi
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Roehrkasse AM, Warner ML, Booe JM, Pioszak AA. Biochemical characterization of G protein coupling to calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors using a native PAGE assay. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9736-9751. [PMID: 32487746 PMCID: PMC7363127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (AM), and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) have overlapping and unique functions in the nervous and circulatory systems including vasodilation, cardioprotection, and pain transmission. Their actions are mediated by the class B calcitonin-like G protein-coupled receptor (CLR), which heterodimerizes with three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP1-3) that determine its peptide ligand selectivity. How the three agonists and RAMPs modulate CLR binding to transducer proteins remains poorly understood. Here, we biochemically characterized agonist-promoted G protein coupling to each CLR·RAMP complex. We adapted a native PAGE method to assess the formation and thermostabilities of detergent-solubilized fluorescent protein-tagged CLR·RAMP complexes expressed in mammalian cells. Addition of agonist and the purified Gs protein surrogate mini-Gs (mGs) yielded a mobility-shifted agonist·CLR·RAMP·mGs quaternary complex gel band that was sensitive to antagonists. Measuring the apparent affinities of the agonists for the mGs-coupled receptors and of mGs for the agonist-occupied receptors revealed that both ligand and RAMP control mGs coupling and defined how agonist engagement of the CLR extracellular and transmembrane domains affects transducer recruitment. Using mini-Gsq and -Gsi chimeras, we observed a coupling rank order of mGs > mGsq > mGsi for each receptor. Last, we demonstrated the physiological relevance of the native gel assays by showing that they can predict the cAMP-signaling potencies of AM and AM2/IMD chimeras. These results highlight the power of the native PAGE assay for membrane protein biochemistry and provide a biochemical foundation for understanding the molecular basis of shared and distinct signaling properties of CGRP, AM, and AM2/IMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Roehrkasse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Margaret L Warner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jason M Booe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pottie E, Tosh DK, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Stove CP. Assessment of biased agonism at the A 3 adenosine receptor using β-arrestin and miniGα i recruitment assays. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113934. [PMID: 32224136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is involved in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer. However, the use of compounds pharmacologically targeting this receptor remains limited in clinical practice, despite extensive efforts for compound synthesis. Moreover, the possible occurrence of biased agonism further complicates the interpretation of the functional characteristics of compounds. Hence the need for simple assays, which are comparable in terms of the used cell lines and read-out technique. We previously established a stable β-arrestin 2 (βarr2) bioassay, employing a simple, luminescent read-out via functional complementation of a split nanoluciferase enzyme. Here, we developed a complementary, new bioassay in which coupling of an engineered miniGαi protein to activated A3AR is monitored using a similar approach. Application of both bioassays for the concurrent determination of the potencies and efficacies of a set of 19 N6-substituted adenosine analogues not only allowed for the characterization of structure-activity relationships, but also for the quantification of biased agonism. Although a broad distribution in potency and efficacy values was obtained within the test panel, no significant bias was observed toward either the βarr2 or miniGαi pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Pottie
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802, USA
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
The quest for high-resolution G protein-coupled receptor-G protein structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6971-6973. [PMID: 32179692 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002665117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|