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Dar MA, Ahmad SM, Bhat BA, Dar TA, Haq ZU, Wani BA, Shabir N, Kashoo ZA, Shah RA, Ganai NA, Heidari M. Comparative RNA-Seq analysis reveals insights in Salmonella disease resistance of chicken; and database development as resource for gene expression in poultry. Genomics 2022; 114:110475. [PMID: 36064074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella, one of the major infectious diseases in poultry, causes considerable economic losses in terms of mortality and morbidity, especially in countries that lack effective vaccination programs. Besides being resistant to diseases, indigenous chicken breeds are also a potential source of animal protein in developing countries. For understanding the disease resistance, an indigenous chicken line Kashmir faverolla, and commercial broiler were selected. RNA-seq was performed after challenging the chicken with Salmonella Typhimurium. Comparative differential expression results showed that following infection, a total of 3153 genes and 1787 genes were differentially expressed in the liver and spleen, respectively. The genes that were differentially expressed included interleukins, cytokines, NOS2, Avβ-defensins, toll-like receptors, and other immune-related gene families. Most of the genes and signaling pathways involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses against bacterial infection were significantly enriched in the Kashmir faverolla. Pathway analysis revealed that most of the enriched pathways were MAPK signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, TLR signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, endocytosis, etc. Surprisingly some immune-related genes like TLRs were upregulated in the susceptible chicken breed. On postmortem examination, the resistant birds showed small lesions in the liver compared to large necrotic lesions in susceptible birds. The pathological manifestations and RNA sequencing results suggest a balancing link between resistance and infection tolerance in Kashmir faverolla. Here we also developed an online Poultry Infection Database (https://skuastk.org/pif/index.html), the first publicly available gene expression resource for disease resistance in chickens. The available database not only shows the data for gene expression in chicken tissues but also provides quick search, visualization and download capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India; Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India.
| | - Basharat A Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, India
| | - Zulfqar Ul Haq
- Division of Livestock Poultry and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Basharat A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Zahid Amin Kashoo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | | | - Mohammad Heidari
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, 4279 E. Mount Hope Rd., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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Manjula P, Fulton JE, Seo D, Lee JH. Comparison of major histocompatibility complex-B variability in Sri Lankan indigenous chickens with five global chicken populations using MHC-B SNP panel. Anim Genet 2021; 52:824-833. [PMID: 34523150 DOI: 10.1111/age.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-B haplotypes diversity of Sri Lankan indigenous chickens from three different geographical sites consisting of highly mixed populations using 90 SNPs in the MHC-B region. A total of 48 haplotypes were identified. Those included 37 novel haplotypes and 11 previously identified 'standard' haplotypes. The MHC-linked marker, LEI0258, had 23 alleles showing less diversity than defined by MHC-B SNP haplotypes. Among those identified haplotypes, five standard haplotypes-BSNP-O02, BSNP-M01, BSNP-A04, BSNP-K03, BSNP-T04-were most commonly observed, suggesting past introgression of imported breeds. Comparison of the MHC-B haplotypes of Sri Lankan and four other global populations with previously defined haplotypes indicated the sharing of 23 standard haplotypes with common origins. Novel haplotypes are population-specific and not shared among the geographical boundaries. Backyard indigenous chickens are unselected, highly crossbred, and generally thrive under dynamic environmental conditions. Hence free-range production systems may be responsible for maintaining high diversity in the MHC-B region with novel haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manjula
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - J E Fulton
- Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA, 50063, USA
| | - D Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
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Exonic SNP in MHC-DMB2 is associated with gene expression and humoral immunity in Japanese quails. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 239:110302. [PMID: 34311147 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The DMB2 gene is widely expressed at high levels in avian. This gene plays an important role in humoral immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 361 G > C Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on DMB2 protein structure and gene expression to determine how the 361 G > C SNP affects humoral immune response in Japanese quails. 0.2 mL of 5% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) was injected into breast muscle of 130 Japanese quails on 28 days. After DNA extraction, PCR was carried out to amplify a 333-base pair DNA fragment from the exon 2 of DMB2 gene. The pattern of all samples was determined through RFLP technique. PCR-RFLP results identified two alleles segregating (C, G) as three genotypes (CC, CG and GG) in Japanese Quails. The antibody response to SRBC with CC genotype was significantly higher than the CG and GG genotypes (P < 0.01). In silico analysis showed that the 361 G > C SNP has no effect on the physicochemical properties and 3D structure. The results of RT-qPCR indicated that the effect of genotype on gene expression is significant, so that the expression of CC genotype is more than CG and GG genotype. It can be inferred that the 361 G > C SNP in the exon 2 of MHC-DMB2 gene is not desirable. This mutation decreases humoral immune response by reducing DMB2 gene expression.
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Monson MS, Lamont SJ. Genetic resistance to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): current status and opportunities. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:392-401. [PMID: 33554653 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1879990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can be extremely detrimental to poultry health and production. Investigating host genetic variation could identify the biological mechanisms that control resistance to this pathogen and allow selection for improved resistance in experimental and commercial poultry populations. In this review, the current knowledge of how host genetics contributes to APEC resistance and future opportunities that would benefit the understanding or application of genetic resistance are discussed. Phenotypes, such as antibody responses, lesion scores, and mortality, revealed that genetic background impacts APEC resistance and interacts with other factors including the environment and challenge conditions. Experiments have used divergent selection for APEC-specific antibody levels to facilitate genetic studies, estimated heritabilities in relevant traits, detected quantitative trait loci using microsatellites, and made associations with sequence variation in the major histocompatibility complex, which collectively suggest that improving APEC resistance through selection is feasible, although genetic control is partial, complex, and highly polygenic. Additionally, functional genomics techniques have identified antimicrobial responses, toll-like receptor and cytokine signalling, and the cell cycle as central pathways in the host response to APEC challenge. Opportunities for future research are discussed, including the expansion of existing lines of research and the application of new technologies that are relevant to the study of host genetics and APEC. This review closes with prospective strategies for improvement of host genetic resistance to APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Monson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Zhen W, Shao Y, Wu Y, Li L, Pham VH, Abbas W, Wan Z, Guo Y, Wang Z. Dietary yeast β-glucan supplementation improves eggshell color and fertile eggs hatchability as well as enhances immune functions in breeder laying hens. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:607-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Manjula P, Bed'Hom B, Hoque MR, Cho S, Seo D, Chazara O, Lee SH, Lee JH. Genetic diversity of MHC-B in 12 chicken populations in Korea revealed by single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:367-379. [PMID: 32839847 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study used a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel to characterise the diversity in the major histocompatibility complex B region (MHC-B) in 12 chicken populations in Korea. Samples were genotyped for 96 MHC-B SNPs using an Illumina GoldenGate genotyping assay. The MHC-B SNP haplotypes were predicted using 58 informative SNPs and a coalescence-based Bayesian algorithm implemented by the PHASE program and a manual curation process. In total, 117 haplotypes, including 24 shared and 93 unique haplotypes, were identified. The unique haplotype numbers ranged from 0 in Rhode Island Red to 32 in the Korean native commercial chicken population 2 ("Hanhyup-3ho"). Population and haplotype principal component analysis (PCA) indicated no clear population structure based on the MHC haplotypes. Three haplotype clusters (A, B, C) segregated in these populations highlighted the relationship between the haplotypes in each cluster. The sequences from two clusters (B and C) overlapped, whereas the sequences from the third cluster (A) were very different. Overall, native breeds had high genetic diversity in the MHC-B region compared with the commercial breeds. This highlights their immune capabilities and genetic potential for resistance to many different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha Manjula
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bertrand Bed'Hom
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Sunghyun Cho
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Olympe Chazara
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Heon Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Dai M, Xu C, Chen W, Liao M. Progress on chicken T cell immunity to viruses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2779-2788. [PMID: 31101935 PMCID: PMC11105491 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Avian virus infection remains one of the most important threats to the poultry industry. Pathogens such as avian influenza virus (AIV), avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) are normally controlled by antibodies specific for surface proteins and cellular immune responses. However, standard vaccines aimed at inducing neutralizing antibodies must be administered annually and can be rendered ineffective because immune-selective pressure results in the continuous mutation of viral surface proteins of different strains circulating from year to year. Chicken T cells have been shown to play a crucial role in fighting virus infection, offering lasting and cross-strain protection, and offer the potential for developing universal vaccines. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of chicken T cell immunity to viruses. More importantly, we point out the limitations and barriers of current research and a potential direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisan Chen
- T Cell Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Blanco AE, Cavero D, Icken W, Voss M, Schmutz M, Preisinger R, Sharifi AR. Genetic approach to select against embryo mortality caused by Enterococcus faecalis infection in laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 97:4177-4186. [PMID: 30107571 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection to reduce susceptibility to Enterococcus faecalis infection in laying hens may contribute to the prevention of amyloid arthropathy since it is mainly induced by this bacterium. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility to select more laying hens that are resistant against E. faecalis infection through the embryo lethality assay (ELA), which is proposed as an alternative model to replace the adult avian challenge assay. Ten-day-old embryos of 500 Lohmann Brown layers were inoculated into the allantoic cavity with an infectious dose of 2.5 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL of the avian E. faecalis strain K923/96 in 3 ELAs. The embryonic mortality rate (EMR) was determined by candling the eggs daily over a period of 4 d. The average EMR estimated during the 3 ELAs was 50% and the highest EMR occurred 3 to 4 d post inoculation. The estimated heritability for embryonic survivability to the infection was h2 = 0.12-0.14, calculated with the logistic and probit link function, respectively, indicating that the selection of more laying hens that are resistant to E. faecalis infection is feasible. A highly negative genetic correlation was estimated between embryonic survivability and laying performance at the peak of lay (rg = -0.22) and at the end of the production (rg = -0.65), as well as with breaking strength (rg = -0.30 to -0.37). A positive correlation was found between egg weight and the embryonic survivability (rg = +0.16), and no genetic correlation was found with body weight and dynamic stiffness. Therefore, although it was demonstrated that it is possible to breed for E. faecalis resistance, special care should be taken to monitor and to take all traits and their genetic correlations into account in order to achieve a balanced genetic progress. Besides, the ELA does not require that the hens are exposed to pathogens thereby saving labor and cost. Therefore, it could be feasible that ELA be implemented in selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Blanco
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany.,Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Cavero
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - W Icken
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - M Voss
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - M Schmutz
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | | | - A R Sharifi
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Shaheen HA, Hussein HA, Elsafty MM, Shalaby MA. Genetic resistance of eight native Egyptian chicken breeds having chicken B-cell marker 6 gene post-challenge with field strain of Marek's disease-induced tumor virus. Vet World 2018; 11:1510-1515. [PMID: 30532510 PMCID: PMC6247869 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1510-1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this work was to detect chicken B-cell marker 6 (ChB6) gene in some native breeds in Egypt and find the relationship between founded genes in these different breeds to determine the resistance of native Egyptian breeds of chicken to Marek’s disease (MD). Materials and Methods: A total of 14 different chicken breeds (30 each) including ten native breeds in addition to SPF Lohmann, High Line, Bovans, and Roodiland were used. Blood samples were collected for the detection of (ChB6) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and sequenced to determine the presence or absence of ChB6 gene. Experimental infection was done using local field isolated MD virus (MDV) of 11 (1 day old) unvaccinated chick breeds having no maternal antibodies against MDV. Ten breeds of them carry ChB6 gene, eight breeds were native, and the rest two breeds were SPF Lohmann and High Line in addition to a group of ChB6 gene-lacking breed (Bovans) were infected. Spleen samples were collected from all infected breeds at 20th, 25th, 30th, 35th, and 40th weeks post-infection and tested by PCR assay for the detection of MDV. Furthermore, at 40th week post-infection, tumorized spleen sample of Bovans breed was collected and prepared for examination by transmission electron microscope (TEM) to confirm the presence of MDV. Results: Our results revealed the positivity of 10 out of 14 breeds (Gimmizah, Sinai, Dandarawi, Fayoumi, Golden Montazah, Matrouh, Beheri, Dokki, SPF Lohmann, and High Line) to the presence of ChB6 gene and resistance to MDV infection, while the Bovans, Mandarah, Inshas and Roodiland breeds lack the ChB6 gene and are susceptible to MDV infection. The collected spleen samples revealed negative for the presence of challenged MDV by PCR in 10 breeds (Gimmizah, Sinai, Dandarawi, Fayoumi, Golden Montazah, Matrouh, Beheri, Dokki, SPF Lohmann, and High Line) and positive for Bovans breed. TEM is used to confirm MDV infection in Bovans group which demonstrated tumors. Conclusion: The study confirms the relationship between the presence of ChB6 gene in our native breeds and the absence of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala A Shaheen
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H A Hussein
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M M Elsafty
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M A Shalaby
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Li X, Nie C, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Shao P, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Wang D, Li Y, Jiao W, Li L, Qin S, He L, Jia Y, Ning Z, Qu L. Evaluation of genetic resistance to Salmonella Pullorum in three chicken lines. Poult Sci 2018; 97:764-769. [PMID: 29294099 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to diseases varies considerably among populations of the same species and can be ascribed to both genetic and environmental factors. Salmonella Pullorum (SP) is responsible for significant losses in the poultry industry, especially in developing countries. To better understand SP resistance in chicken populations with different genetic backgrounds, we orally challenged 3 chicken lines with SP-a highly selected commercial breed (Rhode Island Red, RIR), a local Chinese chicken (Beijing You, BY), and a synthetic layer line (dwarf, DW)-at 4 d of age. Two traits related to SP resistance, survival, and bacterial carriage in the spleen were evaluated after infection. Survival rates were recorded up to 40 d of age when all chickens still alive were killed to verify the presence of SP in the spleen to determine carrier state. Mortalities for RIR, BY, and DW chicks were 25.1%, 8.3%, and 22.7%, respectively, and the corresponding carrier-states in the spleens were 17.9%, 0.6%, and 15.8%. Survival and carrier-state heritabilities were estimated using an animal threshold model. Survival heritability was 0.197, 0.091, and 0.167 in RIR, BY, and DW populations, respectively, and the heritabilities of carrier state for DW and RIR were 0.32 and 0.16, respectively. This is the first time that the heritability of the SP carrier state has been evaluated in chickens. Our study provides experimental evidence that chickens with various genetic background exhibited significantly different SP-resistant activities and heritabilities. These results may be useful for selecting lines with better disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Nie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zebin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qingna Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dehe Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Sudi Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Li He
- National Center of Preservation & Utilization of Genetic Resources of Animal, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yaxiong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lujiang Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Tohidi R, Javanmard A, Idris I. Immunogenetics applied to control salmonellosis in chicken: a review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1301256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tohidi
- Department of Animal Science, Torbat-e Jam University of Agriculture, Torbat-e Jam, Iran
| | - Arash Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ismail Idris
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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12
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Reducing Foodborne Pathogen Persistence and Transmission in Animal Production Environments: Challenges and Opportunities. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 4. [PMID: 27726803 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.pfs-0006-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Preharvest strategies to reduce zoonotic pathogens in food animals are important components of the farm-to-table food safety continuum. The problem is complex; there are multiple pathogens of concern, multiple animal species under different production and management systems, and a variety of sources of pathogens, including other livestock and domestic animals, wild animals and birds, insects, water, and feed. Preharvest food safety research has identified a number of intervention strategies, including probiotics, direct-fed microbials, competitive exclusion cultures, vaccines, and bacteriophages, in addition to factors that can impact pathogens on-farm, such as seasonality, production systems, diet, and dietary additives. Moreover, this work has revealed both challenges and opportunities for reducing pathogens in food animals. Animals that shed high levels of pathogens and predominant pathogen strains that exhibit long-term persistence appear to play significant roles in maintaining the prevalence of pathogens in animals and their production environment. Continued investigation and advancements in sequencing and other technologies are expected to reveal the mechanisms that result in super-shedding and persistence, in addition to increasing the prospects for selection of pathogen-resistant food animals and understanding of the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract with regard to zoonotic pathogen colonization. It is likely that this continued research will reveal other challenges, which may further indicate potential targets or critical control points for pathogen reduction in livestock. Additional benefits of the preharvest reduction of pathogens in food animals are the reduction of produce, water, and environmental contamination, and thereby lower risk for human illnesses linked to these sources.
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Collisson E, Griggs L, Drechsler Y. Macrophages from disease resistant B2 haplotype chickens activate T lymphocytes more effectively than macrophages from disease susceptible B19 birds. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:249-256. [PMID: 27746172 PMCID: PMC7102680 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to respiratory pathogens, including coronavirus-induced infection and clinical illness in chickens has been correlated with the B (MHC) complex and differential ex vivo macrophage responses. In the current study, in vitro T lymphocyte activation measured by IFNγ release was significantly higher in B2 versus B19 haplotypes. AIV infection of macrophages was required to activate T lymphocytes and prior in vivo exposure of chickens to NP AIV plasmid enhanced responses to infected macrophages. This study suggests that the demonstrated T lymphocyte activation is in part due to antigen presentation by the macrophages as well as cytokine release by the infected macrophages, with B2 haplotypes showing stronger activation. These responses were present both in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. In contrast, T lymphocytes stimulated by ConA showed greater IFNγ release of B19 haplotype cells, further indicating the greater responses in B2 haplotypes to infection is due to macrophages, but not T cells. In summary, resistance of B2 haplotype chickens appears to be directly linked to a more vigorous innate immune response and the role macrophages play in activating adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Collisson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Lisa Griggs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Yvonne Drechsler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States.
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Joiner KS, Hoerr FJ, van Santen E, Ewald SJ. The Avian Major Histocompatibility Complex Influences Bacterial Skeletal Disease in Broiler Breeder Chickens. Vet Pathol 2016; 42:275-81. [PMID: 15872373 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-3-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated bacterial skeletal disease in conjunction with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in a genetically pure line of broiler breeder chickens. Chickens from six broiler breeder flocks were examined for skeletal lesions, bacterial pathogens, and MHC genotype. During a 10-week period, eighty-eight, 9- to 21-week-old lame chickens and 34 normal, age-matched controls were selected. Tenosynovitis, arthritis, and femoral or tibiotarsal (or both) osteomyelitis occurred in 86 of 88 (97.7%) lame chickens. Ninety-five bacterial isolates were obtained from 83 of 88 (94.3%) lame birds and 4 of 34 (11.8%) controls. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from 72.6% of the skeletal lesions, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus (38.9%). MHC B complex genotypes were determined by hemagglutination for 88 lame birds, 34 controls, and 200 randomly selected birds from each of the six flocks (1,200 total). Combined chi-square analysis revealed that the homozygous MHC genotypes BA4/A4(x2= 14.54, P = 0.0063) and BA12/A12(x2= 42.77, P = 0.0001) were overrepresented in the sample of symptomatic birds compared with random samples from the same flocks. The homozygous A4 and A12 MHC genotypes influenced flock chi-square values more than the corresponding heterozygotes. An MHC B complex influence on bacterial skeletal disease was apparent in this line of broiler breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Joiner
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 166 Greene Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Effects of dietary yeast β-glucans supplementation on growth performance, gut morphology, intestinal Clostridium perfringens population and immune response of broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Pathogenicity of Genetically Similar, H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strains in Chicken and the Differences in Sensitivity among Different Chicken Breeds. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153649. [PMID: 27078641 PMCID: PMC4841636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the pathogenicity of genetically closely related H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were evaluated in White Leghorn chickens. These viruses varied in the clinical symptoms they induced, including lethality, virus shedding, and replication in host tissues. A comparison of the host responses in the lung, brain, and spleen suggested that the differences in viral replication efficiency were related to the host cytokine response at the early phase of infection, especially variations in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Based on these findings, we inoculated the virus that showed the mildest pathogenicity among the five tested, A/pigeon/Thailand/VSMU-7-NPT/2004, into four breeds of Thai indigenous chicken, Phadu-Hung-Dang (PHD), Chee, Dang, and Luang-Hung-Khao (LHK), to explore effects of genetic background on host response. Among these breeds, Chee, Dang, and LHK showed significantly longer survival times than White Leghorns. Virus shedding from dead Thai indigenous chickens was significantly lower than that from White Leghorns. Although polymorphisms were observed in the Mx and MHC class I genes, there was no significant association between the polymorphisms in these loci and resistance to HPAIV.
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Fulton JE, McCarron AM, Lund AR, Pinegar KN, Wolc A, Chazara O, Bed'Hom B, Berres M, Miller MM. A high-density SNP panel reveals extensive diversity, frequent recombination and multiple recombination hotspots within the chicken major histocompatibility complex B region between BG2 and CD1A1. Genet Sel Evol 2016; 48:1. [PMID: 26743767 PMCID: PMC4705597 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-015-0181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is present within the genomes of all jawed vertebrates. MHC genes are especially important in regulating immune responses, but even after over 80 years of research on the MHC, much remains to be learned about how it influences adaptive and innate immune responses. In most species, the MHC is highly polymorphic and polygenic. Strong and highly reproducible associations are established for chicken MHC-B haplotypes in a number of infectious diseases. Here, we report (1) the development of a high-density SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) panel for MHC-B typing that encompasses a 209,296 bp region in which 45 MHC-B genes are located, (2) how this panel was used to define chicken MHC-B haplotypes within a large number of lines/breeds and (3) the detection of recombinants which contributes to the observed diversity. METHODS A SNP panel was developed for the MHC-B region between the BG2 and CD1A1 genes. To construct this panel, each SNP was tested in end-point read assays on more than 7500 DNA samples obtained from inbred and commercially used egg-layer lines that carry known and novel MHC-B haplotypes. One hundred and one SNPs were selected for the panel. Additional breeds and experimentally-derived lines, including lines that carry MHC-B recombinant haplotypes, were then genotyped. RESULTS MHC-B haplotypes based on SNP genotyping were consistent with the MHC-B haplotypes that were assigned previously in experimental lines that carry B2, B5, B12, B13, B15, B19, B21, and B24 haplotypes. SNP genotyping resulted in the identification of 122 MHC-B haplotypes including a number of recombinant haplotypes, which indicate that crossing-over events at multiple locations within the region lead to the production of new MHC-B haplotypes. Furthermore, evidence of gene duplication and deletion was found. CONCLUSIONS The chicken MHC-B region is highly polymorphic across the surveyed 209-kb region that contains 45 genes. Our results expand the number of identified haplotypes and provide insights into the contribution of recombination events to MHC-B diversity including the identification of recombination hotspots and an estimation of recombination frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Wolc
- Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA, USA.
- Iowa State University, 239C Kildee, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Olympe Chazara
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Bertrand Bed'Hom
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Mark Berres
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
| | - Marcia M Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Hamzić E, Buitenhuis B, Hérault F, Hawken R, Abrahamsen MS, Servin B, Elsen JM, Pinard-van der Laan MH, Bed'Hom B. Genome-wide association study and biological pathway analysis of the Eimeria maxima response in broilers. Genet Sel Evol 2015; 47:91. [PMID: 26607727 PMCID: PMC4659166 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-015-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidiosis is the most common and costly disease in the poultry industry and is caused by protozoans of the Eimeria genus. The current control of coccidiosis, based on the use of anticoccidial drugs and vaccination, faces serious obstacles such as drug resistance and the high costs for the development of efficient vaccines, respectively. Therefore, the current control programs must be expanded with complementary approaches such as the use of genetics to improve the host response to Eimeria infections. Recently, we have performed a large-scale challenge study on Cobb500 broilers using E. maxima for which we investigated variability among animals in response to the challenge. As a follow-up to this challenge study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genomic regions underlying variability of the measured traits in the response to Eimeria maxima in broilers. Furthermore, we conducted a post-GWAS functional analysis to increase our biological understanding of the underlying response to Eimeria maxima challenge. Results In total, we identified 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with q value <0.1 distributed across five chromosomes. The highly significant SNPs were associated with body weight gain (three SNPs on GGA5, one SNP on GGA1 and one SNP on GGA3), plasma coloration measured as optical density at wavelengths in the range 465–510 nm (10 SNPs and all on GGA10) and the percentage of β2-globulin in blood plasma (15 SNPs on GGA1 and one SNP on GGA2). Biological pathways related to metabolic processes, cell proliferation, and primary innate immune processes were among the most frequent significantly enriched biological pathways. Furthermore, the network-based analysis produced two networks of high confidence, with one centered on large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) and 2 (LATS2) and the second involving the myosin heavy chain 6 (MYH6). Conclusions We identified several strong candidate genes and genomic regions associated with traits measured in response to Eimeria maxima in broilers. Furthermore, the post-GWAS functional analysis indicates that biological pathways and networks involved in tissue proliferation and repair along with the primary innate immune response may play the most important role during the early stage of Eimeria maxima infection in broilers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-015-0170-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Hamzić
- UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005, Paris, France. .,UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Bart Buitenhuis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Frédéric Hérault
- UMR1348 Physiology, Environment and Genetics for the Animal and Livestock Systems Unit, INRA, Domaine de la Prise, 35590, Saint Gilles, France.
| | | | | | - Bertrand Servin
- UMR1388 Genetics, Physiology and Breeding Systems, INRA, 24 chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Elsen
- UMR1388 Genetics, Physiology and Breeding Systems, INRA, 24 chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan
- UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005, Paris, France. .,UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Bertrand Bed'Hom
- UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005, Paris, France. .,UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Nikbakht G, Esmailnejad A. Chicken major histocompatibility complex polymorphism and its association with production traits. Immunogenetics 2015; 67:247-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-015-0832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Tohidi R, Idris IB, Panandam JM, Bejo MH. The effects of polymorphisms in IL-2, IFN-γ, TGF-β2, IgL, TLR-4, MD-2, and iNOS genes on resistance to Salmonella enteritidis in indigenous chickens. Avian Pathol 2014; 41:605-12. [PMID: 23237374 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.739680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, and poultry products are the main source of S. Enteritidis contamination for humans. Among the numerous strategies for disease control, improving genetic resistance to S. Enteritidis has been the most effective approach. We investigated the association between S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum, spleen, and liver of young indigenous chickens and seven candidate genes, selected on the basis of their critical roles in immunological functions. The genes included those encoding interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2), immunoglobulin light chain (IgL), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Two Malaysian indigenous chicken breeds were used as sustainable genetic sources of alleles that are resistant to salmonellosis. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment-length polymorphism technique was used to genotype the candidate genes. Three different genotypes were observed in all of the candidate genes, except for MD-2. All of the candidate genes showed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the two populations. The IL-2-MnlI polymorphism was associated with S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum and spleen. The TGF-β2-RsaI, TLR-4-Sau 96I, and iNOS-AluI polymorphisms were associated with the caecum S. Enteritidis load. The other candidate genes were not associated with S. Enteritidis load in any organ. The results indicate that the IL-2, TGF-β2, TLR-4, and iNOS genes are potential candidates for use in selection programmes for increasing genetic resistance against S. Enteritidis in Malaysian indigenous chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tohidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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21
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Singh R, Jain P, Pandey NK, Saxena VK, Saxena M, Singh KB, Ahmed KA, Singh RP. Cytokines Expression and Nitric Oxide Production under Induced Infection to Salmonella Typhimurium in Chicken Lines Divergently Selected for Cutaneous Hypersensitivity. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1038-44. [PMID: 25049661 PMCID: PMC4092978 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the impact of Salmonella Typhimurium on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was investigated in 5 week-old immuno divergent broiler lines selected for the high and low response to phytohemagglutinin-P. The immune response was assessed in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced with Salmonella Typhimurium at different time intervals (0 h, 0.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h). The differential mRNA expression patterns of IFN-γ, IL-2 and iNOS were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR. In-vitro production of nitric oxide (NO) was also estimated in the culture supernatant and correlated with iNOS mRNA expression. Present study showed higher production of NO in the high cell-mediated line (HCMI) as compared to the low cell-mediated line (LCMI) upon stimulation with Salmonella Typhimurium. Correspondingly, higher mRNA expression of iNOS and IFN-γ were observed in high response birds (HCMI); but IL-2 was down regulated in this line compared to the low response birds (LCMI). Significantly (p<0.05) higher expression of iNOS, IFN-γ and higher production of NO in high line indicated that the selection for PHA-P response might be employed for increasing the immune competence against Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Singh
- Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty 641 108, Coimbatore, India
| | - Preeti Jain
- Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty 641 108, Coimbatore, India
| | - N K Pandey
- Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty 641 108, Coimbatore, India
| | - V K Saxena
- Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty 641 108, Coimbatore, India
| | - M Saxena
- Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty 641 108, Coimbatore, India
| | - K B Singh
- Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty 641 108, Coimbatore, India
| | - K A Ahmed
- Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty 641 108, Coimbatore, India
| | - R P Singh
- Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty 641 108, Coimbatore, India
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22
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Boucher CE, Theron CW, Jansen AC, Bragg RR. Transcriptional profiling of chicken immunity-related genes during infection with Avibacterium paragallinarum. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 158:135-42. [PMID: 24613002 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of Infectious Coryza (IC), which is an upper respiratory tract disease in chickens. The occurrence of outbreaks has emphasized the significance of the disease globally in the chicken industry. Studies have demonstrated that early immune responses are critical in defining the severity and physiological outcome of an infection. This prompted the need to investigate the regulation of immune functions by the number of genes that are expressed during the chickens' response to A. paragallinarum serovar C3 insult. This study consisted of 15 male leghorn birds that were scored into groups (score 1, 2, 3) according to severity of symptoms after they were challenged. Expression patterns of immunity-related genes were followed as symptoms progressed from a disease score of 1 to 3. The data proposed that initial pathogen recognition was either through Toll-like receptors 2 or 4. Unique expression patterns were observed such as the up-regulation of TLR7 which recognizes viral-like particles. This substantiated the presence of prophages reported in the genome of A. paragallinarum. Significant down-regulation of metabolic pathways was observed, which led us to hypothesize that the host may rely on an oxidative stress response as initial immune response. The data sheds light onto the mechanisms that govern the immune system towards infection and/or towards the initial response to infections with highly virulent A. paragallinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Boucher
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| | - Chrispian W Theron
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Arina C Jansen
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Robert R Bragg
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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23
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Jang SI, Lillehoj HS, Lee SH, Lee KW, Lillehoj EP, Hong YH, An DJ, Jeoung DHY, Chun JE. Relative disease susceptibility and clostridial toxin antibody responses in three commercial broiler lines coinfected with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria maxima using an experimental model of necrotic enteritis. Avian Dis 2013; 57:684-7. [PMID: 24283139 DOI: 10.1637/10496-011813-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis is an enteric disease of poultry resulting from infection by Clostridium perfringens with coinfection by Eimeria spp. constituting a major risk factor for disease pathogenesis. This study compared three commercial broiler chicken lines using an experimental model of necrotic enteritis. Day-old male Cobb, Ross, and Hubbard broilers were orally infected with viable C. perfringens and E. maxima and fed a high-protein diet to promote the development of experimental disease. Body weight loss, intestinal lesions, and serum antibody levels against alpha-toxin and necrotic enteritis B-like (NetB) toxin were measured as parameters of disease susceptibility and host immune response. Cobb chickens exhibited increased body weight loss compared with Ross and Hubbard breeds and greater gut lesion severity compared with Ross chickens. NetB antibody levels were greater in Cobb chickens compared with the Ross or Hubbard groups. These results suggest that Cobb chickens may be more susceptible to necrotic enteritis in the field compared with the Ross and Hubbard lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung I Jang
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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24
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Kumar R, Kirubaharan JJ, Chandran NDJ, Gnanapriya N. Transcriptional response of chicken embryo cells to Newcastle disease virus (D58 strain) infection. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:278-83. [PMID: 24426287 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND) in chicken causes significant economic loss for the poultry industry worldwide. The mechanism involved in host response to NDV infection is not well understood. For better understanding of the virus-host interaction; transcriptional profile of some genes of chicken embryo (CE) cells infected with NDV vaccine strain D58 was established using quantitative RT-PCR SYBR Green method. The relative standard curve method was used to measure the level of transcripts of the cellular genes against an endogenous control (β actin) gene. Among the genes studied, IFN α, IFN γ, MHC I and DDX 1 were up-regulated while IL 6 was down regulated. The expression of viral genes (M and F) in the infected CE cells was also confirmed by relative quantification. The host cellular genes involved in pro-inflammatory response, interferon-regulated proteins and the cellular immune response were affected by NDV infection, indicating involvement of complex signaling pathways of host cell responses to the infection. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of ND and provides an insight into the virus-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007 India
| | - J John Kirubaharan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007 India
| | - N Daniel Joy Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007 India
| | - N Gnanapriya
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007 India
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Tohidi R, Idris I, Malar Panandam J, Hair Bejo M. The effects of polymorphisms in 7 candidate genes on resistance to Salmonella Enteritidis in native chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:900-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Okeno TO, Kahi AK, Peters KJ. Evaluation of breeding objectives for purebred and crossbred selection schemes for adoption in indigenous chicken breeding programmes. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:62-75. [PMID: 23444855 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.764492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic and economic breeding objectives for an indigenous chicken (IC) breeding programme in Kenya. 2. A closed three-tier nucleus breeding programme with three breeding objectives and two selection schemes was simulated. The breeding objectives included IC dual-purpose (ICD) for both eggs and meat, IC layer (ICL) for eggs and IC broiler (ICB) for meat production. 3. Pure line selection scheme (PLS) for development of IC pure breeds and crossbreeding scheme (CBS) for the production of hybrids were considered. Two-and three-way crossbreeding strategies were evaluated under CBS and the impact of nucleus size on genetic gains and profitability of the breeding programme were investigated. 4. Males were the main contributors to genetic gains. The highest genetic gains for egg number (2·71 eggs) and growth traits (1·74 g average daily gain and 57·96 g live weight at 16 weeks) were realised under PLS in ICL and ICB, respectively. 5. The genetic response for age at first egg was desirable in all the breeding objectives, while that for fertility and hatchability were only favourable under ICL and PLS in ICD. Faecal egg count and immune antibody response had low, but positive gains except under PLS where the later was unfavourable. ICB was the most profitable breeding objective, followed by ICD and ICL under all the selection schemes. 6. Although PLS was superior in genetic gains and profitability and recommended in breeding programmes targeting ICL and ICB, a three line CBS should be considered in development of a dual-purpose breed. 7. Increasing the nucleus size beyond 5% of the IC population was not attractive as it resulted in declining profitability of the breeding programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Okeno
- Animal Breeding in the Tropics and Sub-Tropics, Department of Crop and Livestock Sciences , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin, Germany
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Jin YC, Wei P, Niu BX, Li M, Yang QL. Studies on the association ofBF1/BF2 gene expression patterns with traits of genetic resistance to Marek's disease in chickens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.768963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Sun Y, Biscarini F, Bovenhuis H, Parmentier HK, van der Poel JJ. Genetic parameters and across-line SNP associations differ for natural antibody isotypes IgM and IgG in laying hens. Anim Genet 2012; 44:413-24. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Sun
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre; Wageningen University; PO Box 338; 6700 AH; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - F. Biscarini
- Department of Bioinformatics; Parco Tecnologico Padano; 26900; Lodi; Italy
| | - H. Bovenhuis
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre; Wageningen University; PO Box 338; 6700 AH; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - H. K. Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group; Wageningen University; PO Box 338; 6700 AH; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - J. J. van der Poel
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre; Wageningen University; PO Box 338; 6700 AH; Wageningen; The Netherlands
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LaFrentz BR, Shoemaker CA, Booth NJ, Peterson BC, Ourth DD. Spleen index and mannose-binding lectin levels in four channel catfish families exhibiting different susceptibilities to Flavobacterium columnare and Edwardsiella ictaluri. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2012; 24:141-147. [PMID: 22870893 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2012.675936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare are two bacterial pathogens that affect channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus aquaculture. At the Catfish Genetics Research Unit (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service), some progress has been made in selectively breeding for resistance to E. ictaluri; however, the susceptibility of these families to F. columnare is not known. Our objectives were to obtain baseline information on the susceptibility of channel catfish families (maintained as part of the selective breeding program) to E. ictaluri and F. columnare and to determine whether the spleen index and plasma levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are predictive indicators of susceptibility to these pathogens. Four channel catfish families were used: family A was randomly chosen from spawns of fish that were not selectively bred for resistance; families B, C, and D were obtained after selection for resistance to E. ictaluri. All four families were immersion challenged with both bacterial pathogens; the spleen index and plasma MBL levels of unchallenged fish from each family were determined. Mean cumulative percent mortality (CPM) after E. ictaluri challenge ranged from 4% to 33% among families. Families A and B were more susceptible to F. columnare (mean CPM of three independent challenges = 95% and 93%) than families C and D (45% and 48%), demonstrating that there is genetic variation in resistance to F. columnare. Spleen index values and MBL levels were not significantly different, indicating that these metrics are not predictive indicators of F. columnare or E. ictaluri susceptibility in the four tested families. Interestingly, the two families that exhibited the highest CPM after F. columnare challenges had the lowest CPM after E. ictaluri challenge. Further research on larger numbers of families is needed to determine whether there is any genetic correlation between resistance to E. ictaluri and resistance to F. columnare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R LaFrentz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL 36832-4352 , USA.
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Conejeros P, Power M, Alekseyev S, Dixon B. Global major histocompatibility class II β (mh-IIβ)-polymorphism in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 81:1158-1174. [PMID: 22957861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the use of the gene encoding the β subunit of the major histocompatibility (MH) receptor as a population marker in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. The use of this polymorphic marker allowed differentiation of the S. alpinus lineages previously defined using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) but also allowed differentiation between the populations studied within those lineages. The majority of the variation observed here occurred prior to the last glaciation event. Nevertheless, all S. alpinus populations were differentiated using both MH Class II β (mh-IIβ) sequences and allelic frequencies. The fact that all the populations studied presented high rates of non-synonymous: synonymous substitutions and high levels of interpopulation variation, suggested mh-IIβ as an ideal marker to assess differentiation among S. alpinus populations in ways that may represent divergence both by genetic drift and natural adaptation to the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Conejeros
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Errázuriz 1834, Valparaíso 2362735, Chile
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Luan DQ, Chang GB, Sheng ZW, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Li ZZ, Liu Y, Chen GH. Analysis of Gene Expression Responses to a Salmonella Infection in Rugao Chicken Intestine Using GeneChips. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:278-85. [PMID: 25049563 PMCID: PMC4093142 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Poultry products are an important source of Salmonella enterica. An effective way to reduce food poisoning due to Salmonella would be to breed chickens more resistant to infection. Unfortunately host responses to Salmonella are complex with many factors involved. To learn more about responses to Salmonella in young chickens of 2 wk old, a cDNA Microarray containing 13,319 probes was performed to compare gene expression profiles between two chicken groups under control and Salmonella infected conditions. Newly hatched chickens were orally infected with S. enterica serovar Enteritidis. Since the intestine is one of the important barriers the bacteria encounter after oral inoculation, intestine gene expression was investigated at 2 wk old. There were 588 differentially expressed genes detected, of which 276 were known genes, and of the total number 266 were up-regulated and 322 were down-regulated. Differences in gene expression between the two chicken groups were found in control as well as Salmonella infected conditions indicating a difference in the intestine development between the two chicken groups which might be linked to the difference in Salmonella susceptibility. The differential expressions of 4 genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and the results indicated that the expression changes of these genes were generally consistent with the results of GeneChips. The findings in this study have lead to the identification of novel genes and possible cellular pathways, which are host dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Z. Z. Li
- Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070,
China
| | - Y. Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research/Engineering Research Center for Digital Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014,
China
| | - G. H. Chen
- Corresponding Author : G. H. Chen. Tel: +86-51487979206, Fax: +86-51487979075, E-mail:
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Chuammitri P, Redmond SB, Kimura K, Andreasen CB, Lamont SJ, Palić D. Heterophil functional responses to dietary immunomodulators vary in genetically distinct chicken lines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 142:219-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rodríguez SM, Florins A, Gillet N, de Brogniez A, Sánchez-Alcaraz MT, Boxus M, Boulanger F, Gutiérrez G, Trono K, Alvarez I, Vagnoni L, Willems L. Preventive and therapeutic strategies for bovine leukemia virus: lessons for HTLV. Viruses 2011; 3:1210-48. [PMID: 21994777 PMCID: PMC3185795 DOI: 10.3390/v3071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus closely related to the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). BLV is a major animal health problem worldwide causing important economic losses. A series of attempts were developed to reduce prevalence, chiefly by eradication of infected cattle, segregation of BLV-free animals and vaccination. Although having been instrumental in regions such as the EU, these strategies were unsuccessful elsewhere mainly due to economic costs, management restrictions and lack of an efficient vaccine. This review, which summarizes the different attempts previously developed to decrease seroprevalence of BLV, may be informative for management of HTLV-1 infection. We also propose a new approach based on competitive infection with virus deletants aiming at reducing proviral loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Rodríguez
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Arnaud Florins
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicolas Gillet
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Alix de Brogniez
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - María Teresa Sánchez-Alcaraz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Mathieu Boxus
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Fanny Boulanger
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Gerónimo Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Lucas Vagnoni
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
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Sironi L, Williams JL, Stella A, Minozzi G, Moreno A, Ramelli P, Han J, Weigend S, Wan J, Lombardi G, Cordioli P, Mariani P. Genomic study of the response of chicken to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 4:S25. [PMID: 21645305 PMCID: PMC3108220 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s4-s25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The host mounts an immune response to pathogens, but few data are currently available on the role of host genetics in variation in response to avian influenza (AI). The study presented here investigated the role of the host genetic background in response to in vivo infection with AI virus (AIV). METHODS Experimental lines of chicken and commercial crosses were experimentally infected intratracheally with 103 EID50/bird of A/Chicken/Italy/13474/99 H7N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). Chickens were genotyped for the Mx polymorphism causing the S631N mutation, and for the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Whole-genome genotyping was carried out using 60 k Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) array developed by the poultry Genome-Wide Marker-Assisted Selection Consortium (GWMASC). RESULTS Variability in response of different chicken lines to the HPAIV infections and some degree of resistance to AI were observed: a statistically significant effect of chicken line on the response to infection was found. There was no association between survival in healthy conditions and polymorphisms at the Mx gene and the MHC-B region. The analysis based on the 60 k SNPs provided a good clustering of the chicken lines, but no specific genetic cluster associated with response to AIV was identified. CONCLUSIONS Neither the genotype at the Mx gene or MHC-B locus, nor for SNP spanning the whole-genome identified loci involved in variations to response to AIV infection. These results point towards the possibility that either the genetic factors affecting the response of chickens to the H7N1 HPAIV are weak, or relevant alleles were not segregating in the studied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sironi
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- DIPAV, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Stella
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- IBBA-CNR, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Ana Moreno
- Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Jianlin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Steffen Weigend
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Mariensee, D-31535, Germany
| | - Junxing Wan
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Guerino Lombardi
- Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Cordioli
- Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy
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36
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van der Most PJ, de Jong B, Parmentier HK, Verhulst S. Trade‐off between growth and immune function: a meta‐analysis of selection experiments. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. van der Most
- Behavioural Biology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Berber de Jong
- Behavioural Biology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Henk K. Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Behavioural Biology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands
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37
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Redmond SB, Chuammitri P, Andreasen CB, Palić D, Lamont SJ. Chicken heterophils from commercially selected and non-selected genetic lines express cytokines differently after in vitro exposure to Salmonella enteritidis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 132:129-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schou TW, Labouriau R, Permin A, Christensen JP, Sørensen P, Cu HP, Nguyen VK, Juul-Madsen HR. MHC haplotype and susceptibility to experimental infections (Salmonella Enteritidis, Pasteurella multocida or Ascaridia galli) in a commercial and an indigenous chicken breed. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 135:52-63. [PMID: 19945754 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In three independent experimental infection studies, the susceptibility and course of infection of three pathogens considered of importance in most poultry production systems, Ascaridia galli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Pasteurella multocida were compared in two chicken breeds, the indigenous Vietnamese Ri and the commercial Luong Phuong. Furthermore, the association of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) with disease-related parameters was evaluated, using alleles of the LEI0258 microsatellite as markers for MHC haplotypes. The Ri chickens were found to be more resistant to A. galli and S. Enteritidis than commercial Luong Phuong chickens. In contrast, the Ri chickens were more susceptible to P. multocida, although production parameters were more affected in the Luong Phuong chickens. Furthermore, it was shown that the individual variations observed in response to the infections were influenced by the MHC. Using marker alleles of the microsatellite LEI0258, which is located within the MHC region, several MHC haplotypes were identified as being associated with infection intensity of A. galli. An association of the MHC with the specific antibody response to S. Enteritidis was also found where four MHC haplotypes were shown to be associated with high specific antibody response. Finally, one MHC haplotype was identified as being associated with pathological lesions and mortality in the P. multocida experiment. Although not statistically significant, our analysis suggested that this haplotype might be associated with resistance. These results demonstrate the presence of local genetic resources in Vietnamese chickens, which could be utilized in breeding programmes aiming at improving disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Schou
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbojlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Human Health and Safety, The DHI Group, Kogle Allé 2, 2970 Horsholm, Denmark.
| | - R Labouriau
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - A Permin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbojlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Human Health and Safety, The DHI Group, Kogle Allé 2, 2970 Horsholm, Denmark
| | - J P Christensen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbojlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - P Sørensen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - H P Cu
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - V K Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - H R Juul-Madsen
- Department of Animal Health and Bioscience, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Cavero D, Schmutz M, Philipp HC, Preisinger R. Breeding to reduce susceptibility to Escherichia coli in layers. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2063-8. [PMID: 19762857 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis is a bacterial disease of great concern in the layer industry causing substantial animal and economic losses worldwide. Breeding for resistance to colibacillosis is an important control strategy that would complement traditional management strategies such as vaccinations and therapeutic treatments. Because antibiotic use in animal production is expected to substantially decrease in the future to meet not only consumer demands but also regulations, it is expected that bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis will become even more important. A challenge test was carried out on 353 pedigreed White Leghorn female chickens of 1 pure line. The birds were inoculated with Escherichia coli at an age of 93 to 95 wk (3 hatches) and symptoms of disease and mortality were constantly monitored for up to 6 d after inoculation. The cumulative mortality was 64%, the majority of which took place in the first 2 d. In the present study, genetic parameters of resistance to colibacillosis were estimated to judge the value of genetic selection. The heritability for survival rate was 0.17+/-0.07. Both for quantitative as well as for qualitative traits of economic interest, there was no remarkable difference between survivors and hens that died. Data showed that it is in principle possible to breed for colibacillosis resistance without penalizing the improvement in other key traits. The B21 marker for MHC in this study was associated with a lower colibacillosis susceptibility. In this study, it was demonstrated that it is possible to breed for Escherichia coli resistance. However, due to the inconveniences of a challenge test, it would be very interesting to make use of MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cavero
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27454 Cuxhaven, Germany.
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40
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Liu LB, Wu CM, Wen J, Chen JL, Zheng MQ, Zhao GP. Association of SNPs in exon 2 of the MHC B-F gene with immune traits in two distinct chicken populations: Chinese Beijing-You and White Leghorn. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2009; 59:4-11. [PMID: 27453634 PMCID: PMC4936439 DOI: 10.1080/09064700902988905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antibody titers raised for vaccinations against avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) were higher in Chinese Beijing-You (BJY) than in White Leghorn (WL) (P < 0.001), but there was no breed difference in titers for sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Genotyping by PCR-SSCP identified seven haplotypes in WL and 17 in BJY. After sequencing PCR products (35 and 85, respectively), 43 (WL) and 47 (BJY) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the 264 bp of exon 2. In WL chickens, significant associations were found with antibody responses to AI (two SNPs), ND (six SNPs), and SRBC (one SNP), while in BJY there was association with responses to ND (two SNPs) and SRBC (two SNPs), but none with AI. These results indicate that the genomic region bearing exon 2 of the major histocompatibility complex B-F gene has significant effects on antibody responses to SRBC and vaccination against AI and ND. Different SNPs affected antibody titers for each of the antigens and they differed between these very distinct breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - C M Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - J Wen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - J L Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - G P Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
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41
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Conejeros P, Phan A, Power M, Alekseyev S, O'Connell M, Dempson B, Dixon B. MH class IIalpha polymorphism in local and global adaptation of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Immunogenetics 2008; 60:325-37. [PMID: 18488215 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arctic charr, a highly plastic salmonid that inhabits the circumpolar region, colonized its current environment after the last glaciation. Recent colonization limits the capacity of many techniques to define and characterize constituent populations. As a novel approach, we used the major histocompatibility (MH) class IIalpha gene polymorphism as a marker that would characterize the genetic divergence of global Arctic charr populations caused by drift and by local adaptation to pathogens. We were able to detect significant isolation of all the lineages previously defined by mitochondrial DNA sequencing and also isolation of some populations within those groups. We found that most of the polymorphism of the class IIalpha gene was distributed globally, which indicates ancestral selection; however, in most cases, distinctive allele frequencies and specific haplotypes distinguished each population suggesting that recent selection has also occurred. Although all studied populations showed similar MH class IIalpha polymorphisms, we also found variation in which particular amino acid positions were polymorphic and which were constant in the different populations studied. This variation provides a greater adaptive capacity for the MH class IIalpha receptors in Arctic charr and is yet another illustration of the extraordinary plasticity of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Conejeros
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
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42
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Ghebremicael SB, Hasenstein JR, Lamont SJ. Association of interleukin-10 cluster genes and Salmonella response in the chicken. Poult Sci 2008; 87:22-6. [PMID: 18079445 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide stimulates interleukin 10 (IL10) gene expression in chickens. Four genes in the IL10 cluster [polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), interleukin 10 (IL10), map kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2), and ligatin (LGTN)] plus dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase1A (DYRK1A) were investigated using the F(8) generation of 2 related advanced intercross lines (AIL). The AIL were generated by crossing outbred broilers with dams of 2 highly inbred lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi). Intercrossing continued within the 2 dam lines. The F(8) chicks (n = 132) were intraesophageally inoculated at 1 d with S. enteritidis. At d 7 or 8, both spleen tissue and cecal contents were cultured to quantify S. enteritidis load. The F(8) population was genotyped for one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) per gene by using a multiplexed SNaPshot assay. Association of gene SNP with S. enteritidis bacterial burden was analyzed by the GLM. The MAPKAPK2 and IL10 genes were highly (P < 0.001) associated with S. enteritidis burden in spleen tissue and cecal luminal content. Suggestive associations (P < 0.05) of PIGR with spleen tissue and cecal content were found. The results suggest that SNP in MAPKAPK2 and IL10 were strongly associated with Salmonella burden and may be valuable in generating resistant birds by marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Ghebremicael
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Ahmed KA, Saxena VK, Ara A, Singh KB, Sundaresan NR, Saxena M, Rasool TJ. Immune response to Newcastle disease virus in chicken lines divergently selected for cutaneous hypersensitivity. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:445-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Joiner KS, Hoerr FJ, Ewald SJ, van Santen VL, Wright JC, van Ginkel FW, Toro H. Pathogenesis of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Vaccinated Chickens of Two Different Major HistocompatibilityBComplex Genotypes. Avian Dis 2007; 51:758-63. [DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[758:poibvi]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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van Hemert S, Hoekman AJW, Smits MA, Rebel JMJ. Gene expression responses to a Salmonella infection in the chicken intestine differ between lines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 114:247-58. [PMID: 16978708 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poultry products are an important source of Salmonella enterica. An effective way to reduce food poisoning due to Salmonella would be to breed chickens more resistant to Salmonella. Unfortunately host responses to Salmonella are complex with many factors involved. To learn more about responses to Salmonella in young chickens, a cDNA microarray analysis was performed to compare gene expression profiles between two chicken lines under control and Salmonella infected conditions. Newly hatched chickens were orally infected with S. enterica serovar Enteritidis. Since the intestine is the first barrier the bacteria encounter after oral inoculation, intestinal gene expression was investigated at different timepoints. Differences in gene expression between the two chicken lines were found in control as well as Salmonella infected conditions. In response to the Salmonella infection a fast growing chicken broiler line induced genes that affect T-cell activation, whereas in a slow growing broiler line genes involved in macrophage activation seemed to be more affected at day 1 post-infection. At days 7 and 9 most gene expression differences between the two chicken lines were identified under control conditions, indicating a difference in the intestinal development between the two chicken lines which might be linked to the difference in Salmonella susceptibility. The findings in this study have lead to the identification of novel genes and possible cellular pathways, which are host dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia van Hemert
- Animal Sciences Group of Wageningen UR, Animal Resources Development, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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Revolledo L, Ferreira A, Mead G. Prospects in Salmonella Control: Competitive Exclusion, Probiotics, and Enhancement of Avian Intestinal Immunity. J APPL POULTRY RES 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/15.2.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hasenstein JR, Zhang G, Lamont SJ. Analyses of Five gallinacin genes and the Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis response in poultry. Infect Immun 2006; 74:3375-80. [PMID: 16714567 PMCID: PMC1479296 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00027-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallinacins in poultry are functional equivalents of mammalian beta-defensins, which constitute an integral component of the innate immune system. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a gram-negative bacterium that negatively affects both human and animal health. To analyze the association of genetic variations of the gallinacin genes with the phenotypic response to S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, an F1 population of chickens was created by crossing four outbred broiler sires to dams of two highly inbred lines. The F1 chicks were evaluated for bacterial colonization after pathogenic S. enterica serovar Enteritidis inoculation and for circulating antibody levels after inoculation with S. enterica serovar Enteritidis bacterin vaccine. Five candidate genes were studied, including gallinacins 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Gene fragments were sequenced from the founder individuals of the resource population, and a mean of 13.2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) per kilobase was identified. One allele-defining SNP per gene was utilized to test for statistical associations of sire alleles with progeny response to S. enterica serovar Enteritidis. Among the five gallinacin genes evaluated, the Gal3 and Gal7 SNPs in broiler sires were found to be associated with antibody production after S. enterica serovar Enteritidis vaccination. Utilization of these SNPs as molecular markers for the response to S. enterica serovar Enteritidis may result in the enhancement of the immune response in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Hasenstein
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011-3150, USA
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McElroy JP, Dekkers JCM, Fulton JE, O'Sullivan NP, Soller M, Lipkin E, Zhang W, Koehler KJ, Lamont SJ, Cheng HH. Microsatellite markers associated with resistance to Marek's disease in commercial layer chickens. Poult Sci 2006; 84:1678-88. [PMID: 16463964 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.11.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to identify QTL conferring resistance to Marek's disease (MD) in commercial layer chickens. To generate the resource population, 2 partially inbred lines that differed in MD-caused mortality were intermated to produce 5 backcross families. Vaccinated chicks were challenged with very virulent plus (vv+) MD virus strain 648A at 6 d and monitored for MD symptoms. A recent field isolate of the MD virus was used because the lines were resistant to commonly used older laboratory strains. Selective genotyping was employed using 81 microsatellites selected based on prior results with selective DNA pooling. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to detect associations between marker genotypes and survival. Significance thresholds were validated by simulation. Seven and 6 markers were significant based on proportion of false positive and false discovery rate thresholds less than 0.2, respectively. Seventeen markers were associated with MD survival considering a comparison-wise error rate of 0.10, which is about twice the number expected by chance, indicating that at least some of the associations represent true effects. Thus, the present study shows that loci affecting MD resistance can be mapped in commercial layer lines. More comprehensive studies are under way to confirm and extend these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P McElroy
- Department of Animal Science, 2255 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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SHIINA T, HOSOMICHI K, HANZAWA K. Comparative genomics of the poultry major histocompatibility complex. Anim Sci J 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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