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Shan G, Wei X, Li W, Liu J, Bao S, Wang S, Zhu L, Xi B, Tan W. Effect of aqueous phase from hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge on heavy metals and heavy metal resistance genes during chicken manure composting. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134398. [PMID: 38677124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Livestock manure is often contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) and HM resistance genes (HMRGs), which pollute the environment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the aqueous phase (AP) produced by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) alone and the AP produced by co-HTC of rice husk (RH) and SS (RH-SS) on humification, HM bioavailability, and HMRGs during chicken manure composting. RH-SS and SS increased the humic acid content of the compost products by 18.3 % and 9.7 %, respectively, and significantly increased the humification index (P < 0.05) compared to the CK (addition of tap water). The passivation of HMs (Zn, Cu, As, Pb, and Cr) increased by 12.17-23.36 % and 9.74-15.95 % for RH-SS and SS, respectively, compared with that for CK. RH-SS and SS reduced the HMRG abundance in composted products by 22.29 % and 15.07 %, respectively. The partial least squares path modeling results showed that SS and RH-SS promoted compost humification while simultaneously altering the bacterial community and reducing the bioavailability of metals and host abundance of HMRGs, which has a direct inhibitory effect on the production and distribution of HMRGs. These findings support a new strategy to reduce the environmental risk of HMs and HMRGs in livestock manure utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoshu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shanshan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Shuncai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Bao H, Chen Z, Wen Q, Wu Y, Fu Q. Effects of oxytetracycline on variation in intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes during swine manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130127. [PMID: 38036151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the alterations in extracellular (eARGs) and intracellular (iARGs) antibiotic resistance genes in response to oxytetracycline (OTC), and unravel the dissemination mechanism of ARGs during composting. The findings revealed both low (L-OTC) and high contents (H-OTC) of OTC significantly enhanced absolute abundance (AA) of iARGs (p < 0.05), compared to CK (no OTC). Composting proved to be a proficient strategy for removing eARGs, while AA of eARGs was significantly enhanced in H-OTC (p < 0.05). OTC resulted in an increase in AA of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), ATP levels, antioxidant and DNA repair enzymes in bacteria in compost product. Structural equation model further demonstrated that OTC promoted bacterial DNA repair and antioxidant enzyme activities, altered bacterial community and enhanced MGEs abundance, thereby facilitating iARGs dissemination. This study highlights OTC can increase eARGs and iARGs abundance, underscoring the need for appropriate countermeasures to mitigate potential hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Research Institute of Standards and Norms, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing 100835, PR China
| | - Qiqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Oxendine A, Walsh AA, Young T, Dixon B, Hoke A, Rogers EE, Lee MD, Maurer JJ. Conditions Necessary for the Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Litter. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1006. [PMID: 37370325 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal manures contain a large and diverse reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes that could potentially spillover into the general population through transfer of AMR to antibiotic-susceptible pathogens. The ability of poultry litter microbiota to transmit AMR was examined in this study. Abundance of phenotypic AMR was assessed for litter microbiota to the antibiotics: ampicillin (Ap; 25 μg/mL), chloramphenicol (Cm; 25 μg/mL), streptomycin (Sm; 100 μg/mL), and tetracycline (Tc; 25 μg/mL). qPCR was used to estimate gene load of streptomycin-resistance and sulfonamide-resistance genes aadA1 and sul1, respectively, in the poultry litter community. AMR gene load was determined relative to total bacterial abundance using 16S rRNA qPCR. Poultry litter contained 108 CFU/g, with Gram-negative enterics representing a minor population (<104 CFU/g). There was high abundance of resistance to Sm (106 to 107 CFU/g) and Tc (106 to 107 CFU/g) and a sizeable antimicrobial-resistance gene load in regards to gene copies per bacterial genome (aadA1: 0.0001-0.0060 and sul1: 0.0355-0.2455). While plasmid transfer was observed from Escherichia coli R100, as an F-plasmid donor control, to the Salmonella recipient in vitro, no AMR Salmonella were detected in a poultry litter microcosm with the inclusion of E. coli R100. Confirmatory experiments showed that isolated poultry litter bacteria were not interfering with plasmid transfer in filter matings. As no R100 transfer was observed at 25 °C, conjugative plasmid pRSA was chosen for its high plasmid transfer frequency (10-4 to 10-5) at 25 °C. While E. coli strain background influenced the persistence of pRSA in poultry litter, no plasmid transfer to Salmonella was ever observed. Although poultry litter microbiota contains a significant AMR gene load, potential to transmit resistance is low under conditions commonly used to assess plasmid conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Oxendine
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Allison A Walsh
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Tamesha Young
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Brandan Dixon
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Alexa Hoke
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Eda Erdogan Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Margie D Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - John J Maurer
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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Shan G, Liu J, Zhu B, Tan W, Li W, Tang Z, Hu X, Zhu L, Xi B. Effect of hydrochar on antibiotic-resistance genes and relevant mechanisms during chicken manure composting. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131459. [PMID: 37094443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of enhanced antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in compost is important to mitigate the risk of ARG transmission in agricultural production. Hydrochar is used in many applications as a functional carbon material with adsorption and catalytic properties. This study investigated the effects of hydrochar addition on bacterial communities, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and ARGs in chicken manure composting. The addition of 2%, 5%, and 10% hydrochar (dry weight) reduced the total numbers of target ARGs and MGEs in the compost products by 40.13-55.33% and 23.63-37.23%, respectively. Hydrochar changed the succession of the bacterial population during composting, lowering the abundance of potential pathogens and promoting microbial activity in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. A significant possible microbial host for ARGs was found to be Firmicutes. Hydrochar was found to affect the host microorganisms and MGEs directly by altering environmental factors that indirectly impacted the ARG profiles, as shown by partial least squares pathway modeling analysis. In conclusion, the addition of hydrochar to compost is a simple and effective method to promote the removal of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Shenergy Environmental Technologies Co., LTD, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhurui Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Shen L, Qiu T, Guo Y, Gao M, Gao H, Zhao G, Wang X. Enhancing control of multidrug-resistant plasmid and its host community with a prolonged thermophilic phase during composting. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:989085. [PMID: 36060751 PMCID: PMC9428157 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.989085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasmid-mediated horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among bacteria facilitates the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Broad-host-range plasmids can be transferred to different bacterial hosts in soil, plant rhizospheres, and wastewater treatment plants. Although composting is an effective way to convert organic waste into fertilizer and reduce some ARGs, few studies have focused on its effects on the spread of ARG-carrying plasmids and their bacterial host communities during composting. In this study, a fluorescently labeled Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) harboring a broad-host-range plasmid RP4 carrying three ARGs was inoculated into a raw material microcosm and composted with different durations of the thermophilic phase. The fate of the donor and RP4 in composting was investigated. The prolonged thermophilic composting removed 95.1% of dsRed and 98.0% of gfp, and it inhibited the rebound of P. putida and RP4 during the maturation phase. The spread potential of RP4 decreased from 10−4 to 10−6 transconjugants per recipient after composting. In addition, we sorted and analyzed the composition of RP4 recipient bacteria using fluorescence-activated cell sorting combined with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The recipient bacteria of RP4 belonged to eight phyla, and Firmicutes, accounting for 75.3%–90.1%, was the dominant phylum in the transconjugants. The diversity and richness of the RP4 recipient community were significantly reduced by prolonged thermophilic periods. Overall, these findings provide new insights for assessing the contribution of composting in mitigating the dissemination of plasmid-mediated ARGs, and the prolonged thermophilic phase of composting can limit the transfer of multidrug-resistant plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China
| | - Tianlei Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoze Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhu Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guozhu Zhao,
| | - Xuming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xuming Wang,
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Fu Y, Zhang A, Guo T, Zhu Y, Shao Y. Biochar and Hyperthermophiles as Additives Accelerate the Removal of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Mobile Genetic Elements during Composting. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5428. [PMID: 34576653 PMCID: PMC8465662 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sewage treatment plants are known as repositories of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Adding biochar and inoculating with exogenous microbial agents are common ways to improve the quality of compost. However, little is known about the effects of these exogenous additives on the fate of ARGs during composting and the related mechanisms. In this study, municipal sludge was taken as the research object to study the ARG-removal effects of four composting methods: ordinary compost (CT), compost with hyperthermophiles (HT), compost with hyperthermophiles and 2.0% biochar (HT2C) and compost with hyperthermophiles and 5.0% biochar (HT5C). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing were conducted to analyze the ARGs, MGEs and bacterial community. After composting, the abundance of ARGs in CT was reduced by 72.7%, while HT, HT2C and HT5C were reduced by 80.7%, 84.3% and 84.8%, respectively. Treatments with different proportions of biochar added (HT2C, HT5C) had no significant effect on the abundance of ARGs. Network analysis showed that Firmicutes and Nitrospirae were positively associated with most ARGs and may be potential hosts for them. In addition, redundancy analysis further showed that the class 1 integrase gene (intI1), pH and organic carbon had a greater effect on ARGs. Our findings suggested that the combination of hyperthermophiles and biochar during the composting process was an effective way to control ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), thus inhibiting the spread and diffusion of ARGs in the environment and improving the efficiency of treating human and animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Zhu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (Y.F.); (A.Z.); (T.G.)
| | - Yanqiu Shao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (Y.F.); (A.Z.); (T.G.)
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Wu RT, Cai YF, Chen YX, Yang YW, Xing SC, Liao XD. Occurrence of microplastic in livestock and poultry manure in South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116790. [PMID: 33667747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) contamination in soil has attracted much attention, and increasing evidence suggests that MPs can accumulate in agricultural soils through fertilization by compost. In addition, the most common raw materials for composting are livestock and poultry manure wastes. Because the presence of MPs may threaten the safe utilization of fertilizers composted by livestock and poultry wastes during crop planting, it is necessary to understand the contamination risk of MPs present in livestock and poultry manure. In this study, the distribution of MPs in 19 livestock and poultry farms with 3 different species was investigated by using FTIR microscopy. A total of 115 items manure MPs and 18 items feed MPs were identified as PP and PE types dominated by colorful fragments and fibers. Furthermore, after comparing the compositions of plastic products used in the feeding process, we proposed two transport pathways for MP pollution in manure and one potential transport pathway in feeds. Our result proved that the application of swine and poultry manure directly could be a new route of MPs in agricultural soil, furthermore, the presence of MPs could threaten the safety of resource utilization in agricultural soil by using swine and poultry manure for manure potentially. Not, only that, our study also provided a reference for the remediation of MP-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ting Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China.
| | - Ying-Feng Cai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China.
| | - Ying-Xi Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China.
| | - Yi-Wen Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China.
| | - Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, PR China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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8
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Keenum I, Williams RK, Ray P, Garner ED, Knowlton KF, Pruden A. Combined effects of composting and antibiotic administration on cattle manure-borne antibiotic resistance genes. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:81. [PMID: 33795006 PMCID: PMC8017830 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is needed to delineate the relative and combined effects of different antibiotic administration and manure management practices in either amplifying or attenuating the potential for antibiotic resistance to spread. Here, we carried out a comprehensive parallel examination of the effects of small-scale (> 55 °C × 3 days) static and turned composting of manures from dairy and beef cattle collected during standard antibiotic administration (cephapirin/pirlimycin or sulfamethazine/chlortetracycline/tylosin, respectively), versus from untreated cattle, on "resistomes" (total antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) determined via shotgun metagenomic sequencing), bacterial microbiota, and indicator ARGs enumerated via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To gain insight into the role of the thermophilic phase, compost was also externally heated to > 55 °C × 15 days. RESULTS Progression of composting with time and succession of the corresponding bacterial microbiota was the overarching driver of the resistome composition (ANOSIM; R = 0.424, p = 0.001, respectively) in all composts at the small-scale. Reduction in relative abundance (16S rRNA gene normalized) of total ARGs in finished compost (day 42) versus day 0 was noted across all conditions (ANOSIM; R = 0.728, p = 0.001), except when externally heated. Sul1, intI1, beta-lactam ARGs, and plasmid-associated genes increased in all finished composts as compared with the initial condition. External heating more effectively reduced certain clinically relevant ARGs (blaOXA, blaCARB), fecal coliforms, and resistome risk scores, which take into account putative pathogen annotations. When manure was collected during antibiotic administration, taxonomic composition of the compost was distinct according to nonmetric multidimensional analysis and tet(W) decayed faster in the dairy manure with antibiotic condition and slower in the beef manure with antibiotic condition. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive, integrated study revealed that composting had a dominant effect on corresponding resistome composition, while little difference was noted as a function of collecting manure during antibiotic administration. Reduction in total ARGs, tet(W), and resistome risk suggested that composting reduced some potential for antibiotic resistance to spread, but the increase and persistence of other indicators of antibiotic resistance were concerning. Results indicate that composting guidelines intended for pathogen reduction do not necessarily provide a comprehensive barrier to ARGs or their mobility prior to land application and additional mitigation measures should be considered. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishi Keenum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Robert K Williams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Partha Ray
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Emily D Garner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Cheng D, Liu Y, Shehata E, Feng Y, Lin H, Xue J, Li Z. In-feed antibiotic use changed the behaviors of oxytetracycline, sulfamerazine, and ciprofloxacin and related antibiotic resistance genes during swine manure composting. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123710. [PMID: 33254754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfamerazine (SM1), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and related antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during swine manure composting were compared between manure collected from swine fed a diet containing these three antibiotics (TD) and manure directly spiked with these drugs (TS). The composting removal efficiency of OTC (94.9 %) and CIP (87.8 %) in the TD treatment was significantly higher than that of OTC (83.8 %, P < 0.01) and CIP (83.9 %, P < 0.05) in the TS treatment, while SM1 exhibited no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two treatments. Composting effectively reduced the majority of ARGs in both TD and TS types of manure, especially tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs). Compared with the TS treatment, the abundance of some ARGs, such as tetG, qepA, sul1 and sul2, increased dramatically up to 309-fold in the TD treatment. The microbial composition of the composting system changed significantly during composting due to antibiotic feeding. Redundancy analysis suggested that the abundance of ARGs had a considerable impact on alterations in the physicochemical parameters (C/N, pH and temperature) and bacterial communities (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) during the composting of swine manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengmiao Cheng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yuanwang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ebrahim Shehata
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jianming Xue
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Scion, Christchurch, PO Box 29237, New Zealand
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zarei-Baygi A, Smith AL. Intracellular versus extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in the environment: Prevalence, horizontal transfer, and mitigation strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124181. [PMID: 33254446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are present as both intracellular and extracellular fractions of DNA in the environment. Due to the poor yield of extracellular DNA in conventional extraction methods, previous studies have mainly focused on intracellular ARGs (iARGs). In this review, we evaluate the prevalence/persistence and horizontal transfer of iARGs and extracellular ARGs (eARGs) in different environments, and then explore advanced mitigation strategies in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Although iARGs are the main fraction of ARGs in nutrient-rich environments, eARGs are predominant in receiving aquatic environments. In such environments, natural transformation of eARGs occurs with a comparable frequency to conjugation of iARGs. Further, eARGs can be adsorbed by soil and sediments particles, protected from DNase degradation, and consequently persist longer than iARGs. Collectively, these characteristics emphasize the crucial role of eARGs in the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Fate of iARGs and eARGs through advanced treatment technologies (disinfection and membrane filtration) indicates that different mitigation strategies may be required for each ARG fraction to be significantly removed. Finally, comprehensive risk assessment is needed to evaluate/compare the effect of iARGs versus eARGs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarei-Baygi
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 920 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Adam L Smith
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 920 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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11
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Subirats J, Murray R, Scott A, Lau CHF, Topp E. Composting of chicken litter from commercial broiler farms reduces the abundance of viable enteric bacteria, Firmicutes, and selected antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141113. [PMID: 32768779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the ability of composting to remove ARGs and enteric bacteria in litter obtained from broiler chickens fed with a diet supplemented with Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BDM) (conventional chicken litter), or an antibiotic-free diet (raised without antibiotic (RWA) chicken litter). This was done by evaluating the litter before and after composting for the abundance of ten gene targets associated with antibiotic resistance or horizontal gene transfer, the composition of the bacterial communities, and the abundance of viable enteric bacteria. The abundance of gene targets was determined by qPCR and the microbial community composition of chicken litter determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Enteric bacteria were enumerated by viable plate count. A majority of the gene targets were more abundant in conventional than in RWA litter. In both litter types, the absolute abundance of all of the target genes decreased after composting except sul1, intI1, incW and erm(F) that remained stable. Composting significantly reduced the abundance of enteric bacteria, including those carrying antibiotic resistance. The major difference in bacterial community composition between conventional and RWA litter was due to members affiliated to the genus Pseudomonas, which were 28% more abundant in conventional than in RWA litter. Composting favoured the presence of thermophilic bacteria, such as those affiliated with the genus Truepera, but decreased the abundance of those bacterial genera associated with cold-adapted species, such as Carnobacterium, Psychrobacter and Oceanisphaera. The present study shows that chicken litter from broilers fed with a diet supplemented with antibiotic has an increased abundance of some ARGs, even after composting. However, we can conclude that fertilization with composted litter represents a reduced risk of transmission of antibiotic resistance genes and enteric bacteria of poultry origin to soil and crops than will fertilization with raw litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Subirats
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Murray
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Scott
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calvin Ho-Fung Lau
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Riaz L, Wang Q, Yang Q, Li X, Yuan W. Potential of industrial composting and anaerobic digestion for the removal of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metals from chicken manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137414. [PMID: 32105920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Composting and anaerobic digestion techniques are widely used for manure recycling, but these methods have shown conflicting results in the removal of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and heavy metals. In the present study, anaerobically digested chicken manure and various types of composted chicken manure were investigated on an industrial scale. Antibiotics, ARGs, and heavy metals had shown inconsistent results for anaerobic digestion and composting. The different composting processes either declined or completely removed the blaCTX-M, intl1 and oqxB genes. In addition, composting processes decreased the absolute abundance of aac6'-Ib and aadA genes, while increased the absolute abundance of qnrD, sul1, and tet(A) genes. On the other hand, anaerobic digestion of chicken manure increased the absolute abundance of ere(A) and tet(A). High throughput sequencing showed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria dominated the total bacterial composition of composted and anaerobically digested samples. Network analysis revealed the co-occurrence of ARGs and intl1. The redundancy analysis showed a significant correlation between some heavy metals and ARGs. Similarly, the bacterial composition showed a positive correlation with the prevalence of ARGs in treated manure. These findings suggest that bacterial community, heavy metals, and mobile genetic elements can play a significant role in the abundance and variation of ARGs during composting and anaerobic digestion. In conclusion, anaerobic digestion and composting methods at industrial scale need to be improved for the effective removal of antibiotics, ARGs and heavy metals from chicken manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqman Riaz
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Xunan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology (Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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13
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Siller P, Daehre K, Thiel N, Nübel U, Roesler U. Impact of short-term storage on the quantity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in broiler litter under practical conditions. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2125-2135. [PMID: 32241498 PMCID: PMC7587761 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying broiler litter containing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) to arable land poses a potential risk for humans to get colonized by contact with contaminated soil or vegetables. Therefore, an inactivation of these bacteria before land application of litter is crucial. We performed 2 short-term litter storage trials (one in summer and winter, respectively), each covering a time span of 5 D to investigate the effectiveness of this method for inactivation of ESBL-producing E. coli in chicken litter. Surface and deep litter samples were taken from a stacked, ESBL-positive chicken litter heap in triplicates in close sampling intervals at the beginning and daily for the last 3 D of the experiments. Samples were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively for ESBL-producing E. coli, total E. coli, and enterococci. Selected isolates were further characterized by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In the depth of the heap ESBL-producing E. coli were detected quantitatively until 72 h and qualitatively until the end of the trial in winter. In summer detection was possible quantitatively up to 36 h and qualitatively until 72 h. For surface litter samples a qualitative detection of ESBL-producing E. coli was possible in all samples taken in both trials. In the deep samples a significant decrease in the bacterial counts of over 2 Log10 was observed for total E. coli in the winter and for total E. coli and enterococci in the summer. Genetic differences of the isolates analyzed by WGS did not correlate with survival advantage. In conclusion, short-term storage of chicken litter stacked in heaps is a useful tool for the reduction of bacterial counts including ESBL-producing E. coli. However, incomplete inactivation was observed at the surface of the heap and at low ambient temperatures. Therefore, an extension of the storage period in winter as well as turning of the heap to provide aerobic composting conditions should be considered if working and storage capacities are available on the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Siller
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katrin Daehre
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Food, Feed and Commodities, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Thiel
- Department of Microbial Genome Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Miroorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Department of Microbial Genome Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Miroorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany; Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Thomas C, Idler C, Ammon C, Amon T. Effects of the C/N ratio and moisture content on the survival of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli during chicken manure composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 105:110-118. [PMID: 32044549 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a threat to human and animal health. In recent years, the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in chicken manure, which is used as organic fertilizer, is a concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and moisture content (MC) on the survival of ESBL-producing E. coli during laboratory-scale composting of chicken manure. Nine different compost mixtures were enriched with an ESBL-producing E. coli strain to an initial concentration of 7 log10 CFU/g, and the number of E. coli, temperature, and chemical conditions during composting were determined. The fastest decrease in E. coli occurred for all mixtures with a C/N ratio of 10:1. Additionally, dry mixtures with an MC of 20% and a C/N ratio of either 10:1 or 40:1 exhibited faster reductions in E. coli than the moist mixtures did, despite having lower maximum temperatures within the bioreactors. The decimal reduction times ranged from 0.27 days in a mixture with a C/N ratio of 10:1 and 40% MC to 4.82 days in a mixture with a C/N ratio of 40:1 and 40% MC. Both the C/N ratio and MC had a significant effect on the number of ESBL-producing E. coli and on temperature development; the C/N ratio additionally affected the pH value and content of ammoniacal nitrogen during chicken manure composting. The results of this study demonstrate a considerable range of mechanisms involved in the inactivation of E. coli during chicken manure composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Thomas
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christine Idler
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Ammon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Free University Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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How Safe is Chicken Litter for Land Application as an Organic Fertilizer? A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193521. [PMID: 31547196 PMCID: PMC6801513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chicken litter application on land as an organic fertilizer is the cheapest and most environmentally safe method of disposing of the volume generated from the rapidly expanding poultry industry worldwide. However, little is known about the safety of chicken litter for land application and general release into the environment. Bridging this knowledge gap is crucial for maximizing the benefits of chicken litter as an organic fertilizer and mitigating negative impacts on human and environmental health. The key safety concerns of chicken litter are its contamination with pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, helminthes, parasitic protozoa, and viruses; antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant genes; growth hormones such as egg and meat boosters; heavy metals; and pesticides. Despite the paucity of literature about chicken litter safety for land application, the existing information was scattered and disjointed in various sources, thus making them not easily accessible and difficult to interpret. We consolidated scattered pieces of information about known contaminants found in chicken litter that are of potential risk to human, animal, and environmental health and how they are spread. This review tested the hypothesis that in its current form, chicken litter does not meet the minimum standards for application as organic fertilizer. The review entails a meta-analysis of technical reports, conference proceedings, peer-reviewed journal articles, and internet texts. Our findings indicate that direct land application of chicken litter could be harming animal, human, and environmental health. For example, counts of pathogenic strains of Eschericiacoli (105–1010 CFU g−1) and Coliform bacteria (106–108 CFU g−1) exceeded the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) for land application. In Australia, 100% of broiler litter tested was contaminated with Actinobacillus and re-used broiler litter was more contaminated with Salmonella than non-re-used broiler litter. Similarly, in the US, all (100%) broiler litter was contaminated with Eschericiacoli containing genes resistant to over seven antibiotics, particularly amoxicillin, ceftiofur, tetracycline, and sulfonamide. Chicken litter is also contaminated with a vast array of antibiotics and heavy metals. There are no standards set specifically for chicken litter for most of its known contaminants. Even where standards exist for related products such as compost, there is wide variation across countries and bodies mandated to set standards for safe disposal of organic wastes. More rigorous studies are needed to ascertain the level of contamination in chicken litter from both broilers and layers, especially in developing countries where there is hardly any data; set standards for all the contaminants; and standardize these standards across all agencies, for safe disposal of chicken litter on land.
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Ezzariai A, Hafidi M, Khadra A, Aemig Q, El Fels L, Barret M, Merlina G, Patureau D, Pinelli E. Human and veterinary antibiotics during composting of sludge or manure: Global perspectives on persistence, degradation, and resistance genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:465-481. [PMID: 30071464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant effluent, sludge and manure are the main sources of contamination by antibiotics in the whole environment compartments (soil, sediment, surface and underground water). One of the major consequences of the antibiotics discharge into the environment could be the prevalence of a bacterial resistance to antibiotic. In this review, four groups of antibiotics (Tetracyclines, Fluoroquinolones, Macrolides and Sulfonamides) were focused for the background on their wide spread occurrence in sludge and manure and for their effects on several target and non-target species. The antibiotics concentrations range between 1 and 136,000 μg kg-1 of dry matter in sludge and manure, representing a potential risk for the human health and the environment. Composting of sludge or manure is a well-known and used organic matter stabilization technology, which could be effective in reducing the antibiotics levels as well as the antibiotic resistance genes. During sludge or manure composting, the antibiotics removals range between 17-100%. The deduced calculated half-lives range between 1-105 days for most of the studied antibiotics. Nevertheless, these removals are often based on the measurement of concentration without considering the matter removal (lack of matter balance) and very few studies are emphasized on the removal mechanisms (biotic/abiotic, bound residues formation) and the potential presence of more or less hazardous transformation products. The results from the few studies on the fate of the antibiotic resistance genes during sludge or manure composting are still inconsistent showing either decrease or increase of their concentration in the final product. Whether for antibiotic or antibiotic resistance genes, additional researches are needed, gathering chemical, microbiological and toxicological data to better understand the implied removal mechanisms (chemical, physical and biological), the interactions between both components and the environmental matrices (organic, inorganic bearing phases) and how composting process could be optimized to reduce the discharge of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ezzariai
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco; EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco; Agrobiosciences & Fertlizers Program, University Mohammed IV Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Khadra
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Quentin Aemig
- LBE, Université de Montpellier, INRA, Narbonne, France
| | - Loubna El Fels
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco; Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Marrakech-Safi, Morocco
| | - Maialen Barret
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Georges Merlina
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Eric Pinelli
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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17
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Liu Y, Feng Y, Cheng D, Xue J, Wakelin S, Li Z. Dynamics of bacterial composition and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements during the co-composting with gentamicin fermentation residue and lovastatin fermentation residue. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 261:249-256. [PMID: 29673993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics in bacterial community composition, along with 13 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and eight mobile genetic elements (MGEs), were assessed during co-composting with gentamicin and lovastatin fermentation residue (GFR and LFR, respectively). Using next generation sequencing, the key bacterial taxa associated with the different stages of composting were identified. Most importantly, Bacillus, belonging to Phylum Firmicutes, was associated with enhanced degradation of gentamicin, decomposition of organic matter (OM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and also extension of the thermophilic phase of the composting cycle. During the course of composting, the patterns of different ARGs/MGEs varied. However, the total and the normalized (to bacterial numbers) copies both remained high. The abundance of various ARGs was related to bacterial abundance and community composition, and the changing pattern of individual ARGs was influenced by the selectivity of MGEs and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Dengmiao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Jianming Xue
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Scion, Private Bag 29237, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Zhaojun Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
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18
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Qian X, Gu J, Sun W, Wang XJ, Su JQ, Stedfeld R. Diversity, abundance, and persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in various types of animal manure following industrial composting. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:716-722. [PMID: 29154097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic composting is used widely for animal manure recycling, and it may reduce the amount of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that enter the environment. We sampled three types of animal (bovine, chicken, and pig) manure and the corresponding composts from 12 large-scale farms, and tested multiple ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) by high-throughput qPCR. A total of 109 ARGs were detected in the manure and compost samples, thereby demonstrating that both are important ARG reservoirs. The diversity and abundance of ARGs were significantly higher in chicken and pig manure than bovine manure, but industrial composting was more efficient at reducing the ARGs in chicken manure than pig and bovine manure. Composting universally reduced some ARGs, but inconsistently influenced other ARGs from different types of animal manures. Network analysis detected the widespread co-occurrence of ARGs and MGEs. floR, ermF, catB3, aac(6')-lb(akaaacA4), and aadA were identified as suitable indicator genes for estimating the total abundance of ARGs. Our results suggest that different animal species had significant effects on the diversity, abundance, and persistence of ARGs, where the abundance of transposons, heavy metal concentration, total nitrogen level, and the dosage and duration of exposure to antibiotics may explain these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Qian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Robert Stedfeld
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Li H, Duan M, Gu J, Zhang Y, Qian X, Ma J, Zhang R, Wang X. Effects of bamboo charcoal on antibiotic resistance genes during chicken manure composting. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 140:1-6. [PMID: 28222348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Composting is widely used for animal waste disposal, and bamboo charcoal (BC) can be used for nitrogen conservation during composting. However, the effects of BC on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during chicken manure composting are still unclear. This study investigated the effects on ARGs of adding different proportions of BC (0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% w/w) to chicken manure compost. After 26 days, the relative abundances (RAs) of most ARGs (tetC, tetG, tetW, tetX, sul2, drfA1, drfA7, ermB, ermF, ermQ, and ermX) and intI1 declined by 21.6-99.5%, whereas sul1 increased by 7.5-17.7 times. The average RAs reductions with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% BC were 0.85, 1.05, 1.08, and 1.15 logs, respectively. The most important environmental factor for the ARG profiles was temperature according to redundancy analysis. Furthermore, BC significantly decreased the bio-Cu and bio-Zn levels, thereby reducing the co-selection pressure from heavy metals. Different proportions of BC had no significant effects on the removal of tetG, tetW, tetX, sul2, drfA1, and ermB. Supplementation with 10% BC was more effective at removing tetC and drfA7 compared with the other treatments. The results suggested that 10% BC supplementation is appropriate for reducing ARGs in chicken manure compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yajun Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Qian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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20
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Le Devendec L, Mourand G, Bougeard S, Léaustic J, Jouy E, Keita A, Couet W, Rousset N, Kempf I. Impact of colistin sulfate treatment of broilers on the presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in stored or composted manure. Vet Microbiol 2016; 194:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Qian X, Sun W, Gu J, Wang XJ, Sun JJ, Yin YN, Duan ML. Variable effects of oxytetracycline on antibiotic resistance gene abundance and the bacterial community during aerobic composting of cow manure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 315:61-69. [PMID: 27179201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Livestock manure is often subjected to aerobic composting but little is known about the variation in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during the composting process under different concentrations of antibiotics. This study compared the effects of three concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC; 10, 60, and 200mg/kg) on ARGs and the succession of the bacterial community during composting. Very similar trends were observed in the relative abundances (RAs) of each ARG among the OTC treatments and the control during composting. After composting, the RAs of tetC, tetX, sul1, sul2, and intI1 increased 2-43 times, whereas those of tetQ, tetM, and tetW declined by 44-99%. OTC addition significantly increased the absolute abundances and RAs of tetC and intI1, while 200mg/kg OTC also enhanced those of tetM, tetQ, and drfA7. The bacterial community could be grouped according to the composting time under different treatments. The highest concentration of OTC had a more persistent effect on the bacterial community. In the present study, the succession of the bacterial community appeared to have a greater influence on the variation of ARGs during composting than the presence of antibiotics. Aerobic composting was not effective in reducing most of the ARGs, and thus the compost product should be considered as an important reservoir for ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Qian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jia-Jun Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Man-Li Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Sun W, Qian X, Gu J, Wang XJ, Duan ML. Mechanism and Effect of Temperature on Variations in Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30237. [PMID: 27444518 PMCID: PMC4957233 DOI: 10.1038/srep30237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal manure comprises an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but the variation in ARGs during anaerobic digestion at various temperatures and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Thus, we performed anaerobic digestion using dairy manure at three temperature levels (moderate: 20 °C, mesophilic: 35 °C, and thermophilic: 55 °C), to analyze the dynamics of ARGs and bacterial communities by quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that 8/10 detected ARGs declined and 5/10 decreased more than 1.0 log during thermophilic digestion, whereas only four and five ARGs decreased during moderate and mesophilic digestion, respectively. The changes in ARGs and bacterial communities were similar under the moderate and mesophilic treatments, but distinct from those in the thermophilic system. Potential pathogens such as Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Corynebacterium were removed by thermophilic digestion but not by moderate and mesophilic digestion. The bacterial community succession was the dominant mechanism that influenced the variation in ARGs and integrons during anaerobic digestion. Thermophilic digestion decreased the amount of mesophilic bacteria (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) carrying ARGs. Anaerobic digestion generally decreased the abundance of integrons by eliminating the aerobic hosts of integrons (Actinomycetales and Bacilli). Thermophilic anaerobic digestion is recommended for the treatment and reuse of animal manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xun Qian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Man-Li Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Youngquist CP, Mitchell SM, Cogger CG. Fate of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance during Digestion and Composting: A Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:537-545. [PMID: 27065401 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.05.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) enter the environment through municipal and agricultural waste streams and pose a potential risk to human and livestock health through either direct exposure to antibiotic-resistant pathogens or selective pressure on the soil microbial community. This review summarizes current literature on the fate of antibiotics, ARB, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion and composting of manure and wastewater residuals. Studies have shown that removal of antibiotics varies widely during mesophilic anaerobic digestion, even within the same class of antibiotics. Research on ARB shows a wide range of removal under mesophilic conditions, with nearly complete removal under thermophilic conditions. Research on 16 antibiotics in 11 different studies using both bench-scale and farm-scale composting systems demonstrates that composting significantly reduces levels of extractable antibiotics in livestock manure in nearly all cases. Calculated half-lives ranged from 0.9 to 16 d for most antibiotics. There is more limited evidence that levels of ARB are also reduced by composting. Studies of the fate of ARGs show mixed evidence for removal during both mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion and during thermophilic composting. Antibiotic resistance genes are DNA structures, so they may persist until the DNA structure is degraded, yet the bacterium may have been rendered nonviable long before the DNA is completely degraded. Additional research would be of value to determine optimum anaerobic digestion and composting conditions for removal of ARB and to increase understanding of the fate of ARGs during anaerobic digestion and composting.
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Gazal LES, Puño-Sarmiento JJ, Medeiros LP, Cyoia PS, da Silveira WD, Kobayashi RKT, Nakazato G. Presence of pathogenicity islands and virulence genes of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in isolates from avian organic fertilizer. Poult Sci 2015; 94:3025-33. [PMID: 26476087 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry litter is commonly used as fertilizer in agriculture. However, this poultry litter must be processed prior to use, since poultry have a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. The aims of this study were to isolate and genotypically and phenotypically characterize Escherichia coli from avian organic fertilizer. Sixty-four E. coli isolates were identified from avian organic fertilizer and characterized for ExPEC virulence factors, pathogenicity islands, phylogenetic groups, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and adhesion to HEp-2 cells. Sixty-three isolates (98.4%) showed at least one virulence gene (fimH, ecpA, sitA, traT, iutA, iroN, hlyF, ompT and iss). The predominant phylogenetic groups were groups A (59.3%) and B1 (34.3%). The pathogenicity island CFT073II (51.5%) was the most prevalent among the isolates tested. Thirty-two isolates (50%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Approximately 90% of isolates adhered to HEp-2 cells, and the predominant pattern was aggregative adherence (74.1%). In the biofilm assay, it was observed that 75% of isolates did not produce biofilm. These results lead us to conclude that some E. coli isolates from avian organic fertilizer could be pathogenic for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo S Gazal
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, CP 6001
| | - Juan J Puño-Sarmiento
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, CP 6001
| | - Leonardo P Medeiros
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, CP 6001
| | - Paula S Cyoia
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, CP 6001
| | - Wanderlei D da Silveira
- Department of Genetic, Molecular Biology and Bioagents, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, CP6001
| | - Renata K T Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, CP 6001
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, CP 6001
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25
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Heck K, De Marco ÉG, Duarte MW, Salamoni SP, Van Der Sand S. Pattern of multiresistant to antimicrobials and heavy metal tolerance in bacteria isolated from sewage sludge samples from a composting process at a recycling plant in southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:328. [PMID: 25944755 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The composting process is a viable alternative for the recycling of household organic waste and sewage sludge generated during wastewater treatment. However, this technique can select microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials and heavy metals as a result of excess chemicals present in compost windrow. This study evaluates the antimicrobial multiresistant and tolerance to heavy metals in bacteria isolated from the composting process with sewage sludge. Fourteen antimicrobials were used in 344 strains for the resistance profile and four heavy metals (chromium, copper, zinc, and lead) for the minimum biocide concentration assay. The strains used were from the sewage sludge sample (beginning of the process) and the compost sample (end of the process). Strains with higher antimicrobial and heavy metal profile were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed a multiresistant profile in 48 % of the strains, with the highest percentage of strains resistant to nitrofurantoin (65 %) and β-lactams (58 %). The strains isolated from the sewage sludge and the end of the composting process were more tolerant to copper, with a lethal dose of approximately 900 mg L(-1) for about 50 % of the strains. The genera that showed the highest multiresistant profile and increased tolerance to the metals tested were Pseudomonas and Ochrobactrum. The results of this study may contribute to future research and the revision and regulation of legislation on sewage sludge reuse in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Heck
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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26
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Puño-Sarmiento J, Gazal LE, Medeiros LP, Nishio EK, Kobayashi RKT, Nakazato G. Identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains from avian organic fertilizers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8924-39. [PMID: 25170683 PMCID: PMC4198998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Brazilian poultry industry generates large amounts of organic waste, such as chicken litter, which is often used in agriculture. Among the bacteria present in organic fertilizer are members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains in avian organic fertilizer, and assess the potential damage they can cause in humans due to antimicrobial resistance. The presence of DEC pathotypes and phylogenetic groups were detected by multiplex-PCR. Phenotypic assays, such as tests for adhesion, cytotoxicity activity, biofilm formation and especially antimicrobial susceptibility, were performed. Fifteen DEC strains from 64 E. coli were isolated. Among these, four strains were classified as enteropathogenic (EPEC; 6.2%), three strains as Shiga toxin-producing (STEC; 4.7%), 10 strains as enteroaggregative (EAEC; 12.5%), but two of these harbored the eaeA gene too. The low number of isolated strains was most likely due to the composting process, which reduces the number of microorganisms. These strains were able to adhere to HEp-2 and HeLa cells and produce Shiga-toxins and biofilms; in addition, some of the strains showed antimicrobial resistance, which indicates a risk of the transfer of resistance genes to human E. coli. These results showed that DEC strains isolated from avian organic fertilizers can cause human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Puño-Sarmiento
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Gazal
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo P Medeiros
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
| | - Erick K Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
| | - Renata K T Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
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27
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Miller C, Heringa S, Kim J, Jiang X. Analyzing Indicator Microorganisms, Antibiotic ResistantEscherichia coli, and Regrowth Potential of Foodborne Pathogens in Various Organic Fertilizers. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:520-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cortney Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Spencer Heringa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Jinkyung Kim
- Department of Food, Nutrition & Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Xiuping Jiang
- Department of Food, Nutrition & Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
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28
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Bijlsma PB, de Wit DH, Duindam JW, Elsinga GJ, Elsinga W. Spot test analysis of microbial contents during composting of kitchen- and garden biowaste: sampling procedures, bacterial reductions, time-temperature relationships, and their relevance for EU-regulations concerning animal by-products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 115:198-205. [PMID: 23262408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to collect data and develop methodologies to determine if and how Dutch biowaste composting plants can meet the microbiological requirements set out in EU-Regulations (EC) 1774/2002 and (EC) 1069/2009, and to provide the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA) with data and analysis for evaluation of these regulations. We examined twenty plant locations and four types of composting technologies, all with forced aeration and without an anaerobic digestion phase. Raw biowaste, material after sanitation and compost were sampled by spot test analysis according to a standard protocol, and according to an additional protocol with enhanced hygienic precautions. Samples were analyzed for Escherichia coli, Enterococcaceae and Salmonella content. The latter protocol resulted in improved bacterial reductions after sanitation, whereas in compost Enterococcus levels but not E. coli levels increased substantially with both protocols, due to more thermo-resistant regrowth. Salmonella presence in compost coincided with low temperatures and increased levels of E. coli and Enterococcus, absence of Salmonella was associated with absence of E. coli (74%), but not with absence of Enterococcus (17%). In compost, E. coli and Salmonella showed a comparable time-temperature inactivation pattern. A pilot study with co-composting of biowaste and poultry manure indicated a similar inactivation pattern for ESBL-containing bacteria. We conclude that the abundance of Enterococcus in compost is caused by regrowth and not by (re)contamination, and that E. coli is a more reliable indicator species for the absence/presence of Salmonella in compost. Compliance with current EU-regulations concerning biowaste composting can be shown by spot test analysis at all examined plants, provided that adequate hygienic precautions are taken during sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Bijlsma
- Elsinga Policy Planning and Innovation Ltd., Horsterweg 127, 3853 JA Ermelo, The Netherlands
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29
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Selvam A, Xu D, Zhao Z, Wong JWC. Fate of tetracycline, sulfonamide and fluoroquinolone resistance genes and the changes in bacterial diversity during composting of swine manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:383-390. [PMID: 22537403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study monitored the abundance of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and the bacterial diversity during composting of swine manure spiked with chlortetracycline, sulfadiazine and ciprofloxacin at two different levels and a control without antibiotics. Resistance genes of tetracycline (tetQ, tetW, tetC, tetG, tetZ and tetY), sulfonamide (sul1, sul2, dfrA1 and dfrA7) and fluoroquinolone (gyrA and parC) represented 0.02-1.91%, 0.67-10.28% and 0.00005-0.0002%, respectively, of the total 16S rDNA copies in the initial composting mass. After 28-42 days of composting, these ARGs, except parC, were undetectable in the composting mass indicating that composting is a potential method of manure management. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of bacterial 16S rDNA of the composting mass indicated that the addition of antibiotics up to 100, 20 and 20mg/kg of chlortetracycline, sulfadiazine and ciprofloxacin, respectively, elicited only a transient perturbation and the bacterial diversity was restored in due course of composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammaiyappan Selvam
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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30
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Moraru R, Pourcher AM, Jadas-Hecart A, Kempf I, Ziebal C, Kervarrec M, Comunal PY, Mares M, Dabert P. Changes in concentrations of fluoroquinolones and of ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in chicken feces and manure stored in a heap. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2012; 41:754-763. [PMID: 22565257 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of storing chicken manure on the degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), and on the survival of CIP-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. At 24 d of age, half of 8900 chickens received ENR for 5 d. After the animals departed, their manure was stored in two heaps for 63 d. Enterobacteriaceae were cultured on media containing 0 to 32 mg L⁻¹ of CIP. A total of 320 isolates were fingerprinted using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) to evaluate community structure. Initial concentrations of ENR and CIP in the heap were 22 and 1.8 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Seventy-three percent of the two fluoroquinolones were eliminated during storage. The administration of ENR led to a 5.1 log₋₁₀ decrease in Enterobacteriaceae concentrations and emergence of CIP-resistant bacteria, which became dominant in the feces. concentrations decreased 1.2 to 2.3 log₋₁₀ 2 d after the heaps were made and continued to decline during storage. No resistant were found by Day 63. The highest CIP minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values observed among isolates of and of both and sp. were 128 and 4 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The dominant ERIC-PCR profiles changed over time. There was no relationship between genotype and resistance-isolated strains to CIP. Storing chicken manure in heaps appeared to be an effective way of limiting the entrance of CIP-resistant E. coli into the environment but did not prevent the dissemination of fluoroquinolones after land spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Moraru
- Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, Romania
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31
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Wang L, Oda Y, Grewal S, Morrison M, Michel FC, Yu Z. Persistence of resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline in swine manure during simulated composting and lagoon treatments. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 63:32-40. [PMID: 21811793 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in food animal production leads to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and animal manure constitutes the largest reservoir of such AMR. In previous studies, composted swine manure was found to contain substantially lower abundance of AMR genes that encode resistance to tetracyclines (tet genes) and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS(B)) superfamily (erm genes), than manures that were treated by lagoons or biofilters. In this study, temporal changes in AMR carried by both cultivated and uncultivated bacteria present in swine manure during simulated composting and lagoon storage were analyzed. Treatments were designed to simulate the environmental conditions of composting (55°C with modest aeration) and lagoon storage (ambient temperature with modest aeration). As determined by selective plate counting, over a 48-day period, cultivated aerobic heterotrophic erythromycin-resistant bacteria and tetracycline-resistant bacteria decreased by more than 4 and 7 logs, respectively, in the simulated composting treatment while only 1 to 2 logs for both resistant bacterial groups in the simulated lagoon treatment. Among six classes each of erm and tet genes quantified by class-specific real-time PCR assays, the abundance of erm(A), erm(C), erm(F), erm(T), erm(X), tet(G), tet(M), tet(O), tet(T), and tet(W) declined marginally during the first 17 days, but dramatically thereafter within 31 days of the composting treatment. No appreciable reduction of any of the erm or tet genes analyzed was observed during the simulated lagoon treatment. Correlation analysis showed that most of the AMR gene classes had similar persistence pattern over the course of the treatments, though not all AMR genes were destructed at the same rate during the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 2027 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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32
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Heringa S, Kim J, Shepherd MW, Singh R, Jiang X. The Presence of Antibiotic Resistance and Integrons inEscherichia coliIsolated from Compost. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:1297-304. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Heringa
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Jinkyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Marion W. Shepherd
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Randhir Singh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Xiuping Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
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33
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Akiyama T, Asfahl KL, Savin MC. Broad-host-range plasmids in treated wastewater effluent and receiving streams. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2010; 39:2211-2215. [PMID: 21284320 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of broad-host-range (BHR) plasmid amplicons belonging to incompatibility (Inc) groups IncA/C, IncN, IncP, and IncW in two wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and effluent-receiving streams in Northwest Arkansas, Mud Creek and Spring Creek, was determined. Community DNA captured on filter membranes and plasmid DNA extracted from antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Mud Creek was used for polymerase chain reaction at amplification of partial gene sequences specific to BHR plasmids. IncP plasmid amplicons were detected in effluent and downstream sites in both streams, while IncN and IncW plasmid amplicons were detected in Spring Creek in effluent and downstream but not upstream. IncA/C plasmid amplicons, in contrast, were detected at all sites, including upstream in most samples in Spring Creek and in one sample from Mud Creek. One IncP and two IncN were the only BHR plasmid amplicons found in 85 screened antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates, and were detected only in isolates from effluent and downstream samples. Broad-host-range plasmids frequently carry antibiotic-resistance genes and can facilitate horizontal transfer of those genes. While BHR plasmids have been detected in WWTPs, WWTPs do not target these genetic elements for destruction. This study indicates that BHR plasmids are in WWTP effluent and are introducing BHR plasmids into streams. Additionally, species other than E. coli may be better targets as indicator bacteria for future studies of the impact of treated effluent on environmental dissemination of BHR plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Akiyama
- Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 115 Plant Science Bldg., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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34
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Simmons M, Donovan DM, Siragusa GR, Seal BS. Recombinant expression of two bacteriophage proteins that lyse clostridium perfringens and share identical sequences in the C-terminal cell wall binding domain of the molecules but are dissimilar in their N-terminal active domains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10330-7. [PMID: 20825156 PMCID: PMC4115659 DOI: 10.1021/jf101387v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterium capable of producing four major toxins that are responsible for disease symptoms and pathogenesis in a variety of animals, humans, and poultry. The organism is the third leading cause of human foodborne bacterial disease, and C. perfringens is the presumptive etiologic agent of necrotic enteritis among chickens, which in the acute form can cause increased mortality among broiler flocks. Countries that have complied with the ban on antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) in feeds have had increased incidences of C. perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis in poultry. To address this issue, new antimicrobial agents, putative lysins from the genomes of bacteriophages, are identified. Two putative phage lysin genes (ply) from the clostridial phages phiCP39O and phiCP26F were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli , and the resultant proteins were purified to near homogeneity. Gene and protein sequencing revealed that the predicted and chemically determined amino acid sequences of the two recombinant proteins were homologous to N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidases. The proteins were identical in the C-terminal putative cell-wall binding domain, but only 55% identical to each other in the presumptive N-terminal catalytic domain. Both recombinant lysins were capable of lysing both parental phage host strains of C. perfringens as well as other strains of the bacterium in spot and turbidity reduction assays. The observed reduction in turbidity was correlated with up to a 3 log cfu/mL reduction in viable C. perfringens on brain-heart infusion agar plates. However, other member species of the clostridia were resistant to the lytic activity by both assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Simmons
- Poultry Microbiology Safety Research Unit (PMSRU), Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605
| | - David M. Donovan
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Building 230, Room 104, BARC-East, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - Gregory R. Siragusa
- Poultry Microbiology Safety Research Unit (PMSRU), Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605
| | - Bruce S. Seal
- Poultry Microbiology Safety Research Unit (PMSRU), Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605
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Construction of self-transmissible green fluorescent protein-based biosensor plasmids and their use for identification of N-acyl homoserine-producing bacteria in lake sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6119-27. [PMID: 20675456 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00677-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria utilize quorum sensing (QS) systems to communicate with each other by means of the production, release, and response to signal molecules. N-Acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-based QS systems are particularly widespread among the Proteobacteria, in which they regulate various functions. It has become evident that AHLs can also serve as signals for interspecies communication. However, knowledge on the impact of AHLs for the ecology of bacteria in their natural habitat is scarce, due mainly to the lack of tools that allow the study of QS in bacterial communities in situ. Here, we describe the construction of self-mobilizable green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based AHL sensors that utilize the conjugation and replication properties of the broad-host-range plasmid RP4. We show that these novel AHL sensor plasmids can be easily transferred to different bacterial species by biparental mating and that they give rise to green fluorescent cells in case the recipient is an AHL producer. We also demonstrate that these sensor plasmids are capable of self-spreading within mixed biofilms and are a suitable tool for the identification of AHL-producing bacteria in lake sediment.
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Guan J, Chan M, Spencer JL. The fate of recombinant plasmids during composting of organic wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2010; 45:279-284. [PMID: 20394128 DOI: 10.1080/03601231003704556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Composting was investigated as a means for safe disposal of organic waste containing bacteria that carry transgenes in recombinant plasmids. To generate model recombinant plasmids, a mobile IncQ plasmid, RSF1010, and a non-mobile plasmid, pGFP, were genetically modified to carry a DNA segment encoding both green fluorescent protein and kanamycin resistance and were designated as RSF1010-GFPK and pGFPK. Escherichia coli (E. coli) C600 harboring these plasmids were inoculated into chicken manure specimens that were placed in compost at 20 and 60 cm from the bottom of a 1.0-m high compost bin. Control specimens were held at ambient temperature. By day 10, compost temperatures at the lower and upper levels of the bin had reached 45.3 and 61.5 degrees C, respectively, and at both levels the target E. coli had been inactivated and the plasmids had lost their capacity to be transformed or mobilized. Furthermore, based on real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the transgene fragments along with the host chromosomal DNA fragment from specimens at the upper level had been degraded beyond the detection limit. However, at the lower level where temperatures remained below 48 degrees C these fragment persisted to day 21. At ambient temperatures (0-8 degrees C), the E. coli, plasmids and the transgene fragments persisted in manure specimens throughout the 21 day test period. The study showed the potential for composting as a safe procedure for disposal of bacteria carrying transgenes in recombinant plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Guan
- Ottawa Laboratory (Fallowfield), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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