1
|
Modzelewska E, Wajda A, Lutkowska A, Felis-Giemza A, Stypińska B, Matusiewicz A, Puszczewicz M, Majewski D, Jagodziński PP, Haładyj E, Paradowska-Gorycka A. Variations in the interferon and TLR3 genes may be associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and its clinical presentation. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152807. [PMID: 38821752 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the pontential impact of 10 polymorphisms within IFN-α, IFN-β1, IFN-γ and TLR3 genes on SLE phenotype and susceptibility and to study the relationship between specific genotypes and clinics. Whole blood samples from SLE patients and healthy controls was obtained. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood by the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen). The quality and quantity of isolated DNA was estimated by the Quawell Q5000 spectrophotometer. We genotyped SLE patients and healthy subjects using real-time PCR (QuantStudio 5 thermocycler). The study suggests that IFN-γ rs2069705, IFN-γ rs2069718 and IFN-α rs3758236 polymorphisms have a protective role in SLE. We observed relations between TLR3 rs3775292, IFN-β1 rs7873167, IFN-γ rs2069705, TLR3 rs3775291 and TLR3 rs5743305 polymorphisms and clinical picture of SLE patients. We found associations between the IFN-α rs3758236, IFN-γ rs2069705, IFN-γ rs2069718, IFN-γ rs1861493 and IFN-β1 rs10964831 polymorphisms and the clinical manifestation of the SLE and/or its comorbidities. We perceived links between IFN-γ rs2069705, IFN-γ rs2069718, IFN-γ rs1861493, TLR3 rs3775291, TLR3 rs3775292 and TLR3 rs5743305 polymorphisms and the occurrence of autoantibodies. Our study presented the relationship between IFN and TLR gene polymorphisms with SLE susceptibility, phenotype and autoantibodies profile. This study propose that polymorphisms within interferons and TLR3 genes can be engaged in the SLE pathogenesis and course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Modzelewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - A Wajda
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Lutkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - A Felis-Giemza
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Stypińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Matusiewicz
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Puszczewicz
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznań, Poland
| | - D Majewski
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznań, Poland
| | - P P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - E Haładyj
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garcia JPT, Tayo LL. Theoretical Studies of DNA Microarray Present Potential Molecular and Cellular Interconnectivity of Signaling Pathways in Immune System Dysregulation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:393. [PMID: 38674328 PMCID: PMC11049615 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is defined as the inability to regulate immunological activities in the body, especially in response to external triggers, leading to the attack of the tissues and organs of the host. Outcomes include the onset of autoimmune diseases whose effects are primarily due to dysregulated immune responses. In past years, there have been cases that show an increased susceptibility to other autoimmune disorders in patients who are already experiencing the same type of disease. Research in this field has started analyzing the potential molecular and cellular causes of this interconnectedness, bearing in mind the possibility of advancing drugs and therapies for the treatment of autoimmunity. With that, this study aimed to determine the correlation of four autoimmune diseases, which are type 1 diabetes (T1D), psoriasis (PSR), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by identifying highly preserved co-expressed genes among datasets using WGCNA. Functional annotation was then employed to characterize these sets of genes based on their systemic relationship as a whole to elucidate the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions of the pathways they are involved in. Lastly, drug repurposing analysis was performed to screen candidate drugs for repositioning that could regulate the abnormal expression of genes among the diseases. A total of thirteen modules were obtained from the analysis, the majority of which were associated with transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modification processes. Also, the evaluation based on KEGG suggested the possible role of TH17 differentiation in the simultaneous onset of the four diseases. Furthermore, clomiphene was the top drug candidate for regulating overexpressed hub genes; meanwhile, prilocaine was the top drug for regulating under-expressed hub genes. This study was geared towards utilizing transcriptomics approaches for the assessment of microarray data, which is different from the use of traditional genomic analyses. Such a research design for investigating correlations among autoimmune diseases may be the first of its kind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Patrick T. Garcia
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati 1200, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Panzer B, Kopp CW, Neumayer C, Koppensteiner R, Jozkowicz A, Poledniczek M, Gremmel T, Jilma B, Wadowski PP. Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:1865. [PMID: 37508529 PMCID: PMC10377790 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in the pathogenesis and disease course of viral infections. The induced pro-inflammatory responses result in the disturbance of the endovascular surface layer and impair vascular homeostasis. The injury of the vessel wall further promotes pro-thrombotic and pro-coagulatory processes, eventually leading to micro-vessel plugging and tissue necrosis. Moreover, TLRs have a direct role in the sensing of viruses and platelet activation. TLR-mediated upregulation of von Willebrand factor release and neutrophil, as well as macrophage extra-cellular trap formation, further contribute to (micro-) thrombotic processes during inflammation. The following review focuses on TLR signaling pathways of TLRs expressed in humans provoking pro-thrombotic responses, which determine patient outcome during viral infections, especially in those with cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Panzer
- Department of Cardiology, Wilhelminenspital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph W Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia P Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoo EJ, Oh KH, Piao H, Kang HJ, Jeong GW, Park H, Lee CJ, Ryu H, Yang SH, Kim MG, Kim DK, Park SH, Lim BJ, Lee SM, Park CY, Choi SY, Lee-Kwon W, Yang J, Kwon HM. Macrophage transcription factor TonEBP promotes systemic lupus erythematosus and kidney injury via damage-induced signaling pathways. Kidney Int 2023; 104:163-180. [PMID: 37088425 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoreactive B cells and dysregulation of many other types of immune cells including myeloid cells. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common target organ manifestations of SLE. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP, also known as nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5)), was initially identified as a central regulator of cellular responses to hypertonic stress and is a pleiotropic stress protein involved in a variety of immunometabolic diseases. To explore the role of TonEBP, we examined kidney biopsy samples from patients with LN. Kidney TonEBP expression was found to be elevated in these patients compared to control patients - in both kidney cells and infiltrating immune cells. Kidney TonEBP mRNA was elevated in LN and correlated with mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines and the degree of proteinuria. In a pristane-induced SLE model in mice, myeloid TonEBP deficiency blocked the development of SLE and LN. In macrophages, engagement of various toll-like receptors (TLRs) that respond to damage-associated molecular patterns induced TonEBP expression via stimulation of its promoter. Intracellular signaling downstream of the TLRs was dependent on TonEBP. Therefore, TonEBP can act as a transcriptional cofactor for NF-κB, and activated mTOR-IRF3/7 via protein-protein interactions. Additionally, TonEBP-deficient macrophages displayed elevated efferocytosis and animals with myeloid deficiency of TonEBP showed reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation, consistent with macrophages defective in TLR signaling. Thus, our data show that myeloid TonEBP may be an attractive therapeutic target for SLE and LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Honglin Piao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Won Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee-Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamakawa N, Tago F, Nakai K, Kitahara Y, Ikari S, Hojo S, Hall N, Aluri J, Hussein Z, Gevorkyan H, Maruyama T, Ishizaka S, Yagi T. First-in-Human Study of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of E6742, a Dual Antagonist of Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8, in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2022; 12:363-375. [PMID: 36219471 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first-in-human phase I study for E6742, a dual toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 antagonist, has been conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of E6742 in healthy volunteers. In a single ascending dose (SAD) study, 42 subjects received 10-800 mg of E6742 in the fasted state, as well as a 100-mg cohort in the fed state for evaluating the effect of food. In a multiple ascending dose (MAD) study, 18 subjects received 100-400 mg of E6742 twice daily for 7 days. E6742 was rapidly absorbed with a median tmax ranging from 1.50 to 2.50 hours across dose groups under the fasted condition, and eliminated with a median t½ ranging from 2.37 to 14.4 hours. After multiple oral doses, a steady state was reached by day 7. In the SAD study, dose proportionality was observed for Cmax , AUC(0-t) , and AUC(0-inf) values of E6742 up to 800 mg, but these values were slightly less than dose proportional at 10 mg. In the MAD study, the Cmax and AUC(0-12h)ss of E6742 appeared to be almost dose proportionally increased between 100 and 200 mg, while these parameters showed more than a dose proportional increase at 400 mg. In addition to safety and good tolerability, this study demonstrated cytokine concentrations in cultured peripheral blood in response to E6742 were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Further clinical studies targeting systemic lupus erythematosus patients are currently underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hakop Gevorkyan
- California Clinical Trials Medical Group in affiliation with PAREXEL, Glendale, Glendale, California, USA
| | - Tatsuya Maruyama
- Clinical Research Promotion Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sally Ishizaka
- Eisai Inc./Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sugrue JA, Bourke NM, O’Farrelly C. Type I Interferon and the Spectrum of Susceptibility to Viral Infection and Autoimmune Disease: A Shared Genomic Signature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757249. [PMID: 34917078 PMCID: PMC8669998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) and their cognate receptor, the IFNAR1/2 heterodimer, are critical components of the innate immune system in humans. They have been widely explored in the context of viral infection and autoimmune disease where they play key roles in protection against infection or shaping disease pathogenesis. A false dichotomy has emerged in the study of IFN-I where interferons are thought of as either beneficial or pathogenic. This 'good or bad' viewpoint excludes more nuanced interpretations of IFN-I biology - for example, it is known that IFN-I is associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus, yet is also protective in the context of infectious diseases and contributes to resistance to viral infection. Studies have suggested that a shared transcriptomic signature underpins both potential resistance to viral infection and susceptibility to autoimmune disease. This seems to be particularly evident in females, who exhibit increased viral resistance and increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease. The molecular mechanisms behind such a signature and the role of sex in its determination have yet to be precisely defined. From a genomic perspective, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFN-I pathway have been associated with both infectious and autoimmune disease. While overlap between infection and autoimmunity has been described in the incidence of these SNPs, it has been overlooked in work and discussion to date. Here, we discuss the possible contributions of IFN-Is to the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases. We comment on genetic associations between common SNPs in IFN-I or their signalling molecules that point towards roles in protection against viral infection and susceptibility to autoimmunity and propose that a shared transcriptomic and genomic immunological signature may underlie resistance to viral infection and susceptibility to autoimmunity in humans. We believe that defining shared transcriptomic and genomic immunological signatures underlying resistance to viral infection and autoimmunity in humans will reveal new therapeutic targets and improved vaccine strategies, particularly in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Sugrue
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nollaig M. Bourke
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O’Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Papadopoulos VE, Skarlis C, Evangelopoulos ME, Mavragani CP. Type I interferon detection in autoimmune diseases: challenges and clinical applications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:883-903. [PMID: 34096436 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1939686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating data highlights that the dysregulation of type I interferon (IFN) pathways plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Advances in understanding the role of type I IFNs in these disorders can lead to targeted drug development as well as establishing potential disease biomarkers. AREAS COVERED Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of type I IFNs in the major systemic, as well as organ-specific, autoimmune disorders, including prominent inflammatory CNS disorders like multiple sclerosis. EXPERT OPINION Type I IFN involvement and its clinical associations in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases represents a promising area for research aiming to unveil common pathogenetic pathways in systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis E Papadopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Skarlis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang C, Liu J, Lu W. Toll-Like Receptors Gene Polymorphisms in Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672346. [PMID: 33981318 PMCID: PMC8107678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important initiators of the immune response, both innate and acquired. Evidence suggests that gene polymorphisms within TLRs cause malfunctions of certain key TLR-related signaling pathways, which subsequently increases the risk of autoimmune diseases. We illustrate and discuss the current findings on the role of Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms in numerous autoimmune diseases in this review, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, Graves’ disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. The study of genetic variation in TLRs in different populations has shown a complex interaction between immunity and environmental factors. This interaction suggests that TLR polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases differently in various populations. The identification of Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms can expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, which will subsequently guide effective medical management and provide insight into prognosis and advanced treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changlun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junxian Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding X, Ren Y, He X. IFN-I Mediates Lupus Nephritis From the Beginning to Renal Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676082. [PMID: 33959133 PMCID: PMC8093624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The abundant cell-free nucleic (DNA/RNA) in SLE patients, especially dsDNA, is a key substance in the pathogenesis of SLE and LN. The deposition of DNA/RNA-immune complexes (DNA/RNA-ICs) in the glomerulus causes a series of inflammatory reactions that lead to resident renal cell disturbance and eventually renal fibrosis. Cell-free DNA/RNA is the most effective inducer of type I interferons (IFN-I). Resident renal cells (rather than infiltrating immune cells) are the main source of IFN-I in the kidney. IFN-I in turn damages resident renal cells. Not only are resident renal cells victims, but also participants in this immunity war. However, the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the pathological mechanism of IFN-I promoting renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. This paper reviews the latest epidemiology of LN and its development process, discusses the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the role of IFN-I in the pathogenesis of LN, and may open a new perspective for the treatment of LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ding
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pediatric Internal Medicine Department, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grolmusz VK, Bozsik A, Papp J, Patócs A. Germline Genetic Variants of Viral Entry and Innate Immunity May Influence Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Toward a Polygenic Risk Score for Risk Stratification. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653489. [PMID: 33763088 PMCID: PMC7982482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has affected all aspects of human society with a special focus on healthcare. Although older patients with preexisting chronic illnesses are more prone to develop severe complications, younger, healthy individuals might also exhibit serious manifestations. Previous studies directed to detect genetic susceptibility factors for earlier epidemics have provided evidence of certain protective variations. Following SARS-CoV-2 exposure, viral entry into cells followed by recognition and response by the innate immunity are key determinants of COVID-19 development. In the present review our aim was to conduct a thorough review of the literature on the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as key agents affecting the viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity. Several SNPs within the scope of our approach were found to alter susceptibility to various bacterial and viral infections. Additionally, a multitude of studies confirmed genetic associations between the analyzed genes and autoimmune diseases, underlining the versatile immune consequences of these variants. Based on confirmed associations it is highly plausible that the SNPs affecting viral entry and innate immunity might confer altered susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complex clinical consequences. Anticipating several COVID-19 genomic susceptibility loci based on the ongoing genome wide association studies, our review also proposes that a well-established polygenic risk score would be able to clinically leverage the acquired knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vince Kornél Grolmusz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Bozsik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Elloumi N, Fakhfakh R, Abida O, Hachicha H, Marzouk S, Fourati M, Bahloul Z, Masmoudi H. RNA receptors, TLR3 and TLR7, are potentially associated with SLE clinical features. Int J Immunogenet 2021; 48:250-259. [PMID: 33650302 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of intracellular Toll-like-receptors (TLR), recognized as nucleic acid sensors, in the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is increasingly explored. Yet, the results of both functional and genetic studies remain conflictual. We evaluated the association between TLR3 and TLR7 genes selected variants and SLE and investigated the possible relationship with clinical and serological parameters. Then, we studied the genetic expression of these receptors, and if the TLR7 gene evades X chromosome inactivation (XCI). Our study covers 106 cases and 200 controls, genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. TLR3 and TLR7 expression level was assessed by qPCR carried, respectively, on renal tissues and PBMC, and methylation status was evaluated by methylation-specific PCR. Results were statistically analysed using Shesis software, χ2 , and Mann-Whitney test. Significant associations with SLE susceptibility were found for the TLR3 rs3775291, rs5743305 and rs3775294 polymorphisms. Further subgroup analysis, TLR3 rs3775291 and rs3775294 polymorphisms were significantly associated with lupus nephritis (LN) and even correlate with the presence of auto-antibodies binding RNA molecules. SLE and LN were more common in men with rs3853839-G variant within TLR7 gene versus those carrying the C allele. Moreover, the role of the G allele in the TLR7 expression up-regulation was confirmed. However, gene expression analysis showed no significant differences in TLR3 and TLR7 mRNA levels between LN patient biopsies and healthy tissues (p > .05). When comparing patients and controls, no statistical difference was observed in XCI pattern. Otherwise, notable associations were raised between TLR3 and TLR7 gene variants and clinical and serological lupus features pointing towards the role of genetic background in the physiopathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Elloumi
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouia Fakhfakh
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Abida
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hend Hachicha
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Marzouk
- Urology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fourati
- Internal Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhir Bahloul
- Urology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Masmoudi
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gachpazan M, Akhlaghipour I, Rahimi HR, Saburi E, Mojarrad M, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular biology of systemic lupus erythematosus among Iranian patients: an overview. AUTO- IMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2021; 12:2. [PMID: 33516274 PMCID: PMC7847600 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-020-00144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinicopathologically heterogeneous chronic autoimmune disorder affecting different organs and tissues. It has been reported that there is an increasing rate of SLE incidence among Iranian population. Moreover, the Iranian SLE patients have more severe clinical manifestations compared with other countries. Therefore, it is required to introduce novel methods for the early detection of SLE in this population. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in SLE progression. MAIN BODY In present review we have summarized all of the reported genes which have been associated with clinicopathological features of SLE among Iranian patients. CONCLUSIONS Apart from the reported cytokines and chemokines, it was interestingly observed that the apoptosis related genes and non-coding RNAs were the most reported genetic abnormalities associated with SLE progression among Iranians. This review clarifies the genetics and molecular biology of SLE progression among Iranian cases. Moreover, this review paves the way of introducing an efficient panel of genetic markers for the early detection and better management of SLE in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Gachpazan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ren Q, Cheng L, Yi J, Ma L, Pan J, Gou SJ, Fu P. Toll-like Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Kidney Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5829-5854. [PMID: 31161985 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666190603110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) are members of pattern recognition receptors and serve a pivotal role in host immunity. TLRs response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns encoded by pathogens or damage-associated molecular patterns released by dying cells, initiating an inflammatory cascade, where both beneficial and detrimental effects can be exerted. Accumulated evidence has revealed that TLRs are closely associated with various kidney diseases but their roles are still not well understood. This review updated evidence on the roles of TLRs in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases including urinary tract infection, glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury, transplant allograft dysfunction and chronic kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shen-Ju Gou
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Toll-like-Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Tunisian Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6541761. [PMID: 33204706 PMCID: PMC7661111 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6541761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is considered to be caused by the combined effects of susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. The polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) genes have been associated with the risk of various autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association of TLR2-3-4 and 7 gene polymorphisms with Tunisian PF. Fourteen polymorphisms were analyzed in 93 Tunisian PF patients compared to 193 matched healthy controls: rs5743703-rs5743709 and (GT)n repeat (TLR2); rs5743305, rs3775294, and rs3775291 (TLR3), rs4986790 and rs4986791 (TLR4); and rs3853839 (TLR7). Our results showed that the genetic factors varied depending on the epidemiological feature stratification. In fact, in the whole population, no association with the susceptibility to PF was found. The TLR2 GT repeat seems to be closely associated with PF risk in patients originated from the endemic localities (group 3); the GT18 allele and the heterozygous genotype GT18/GT19 seem to confer risk to endemic PF (P = 0.02; OR = 2.3 [1.1-4.9] and P = 0.0002, OR = 20 [2.5-171], respectively). In contrast, the GT23 repeat could be considered as protector allele (P = 0.02, OR = 0.2 [0.06-0.87]). Furthermore, medium GT alleles which induce high promoter activity were also significantly more frequent in patients versus short or long GT repeats (P = 0.0018 with OR = 3.26 [1.5-7]). On the other hand, the TLR3-rs574305 AA genotype and A allele were significantly more frequent in patients whose age of the onset was above 35 years (group 2) (P = 0.038, OR = 1.78 and P = 0.009, OR = 3.92, respectively). Besides, the TLR4>rs3775294 A allele was found to be protector only in patients with sporadic features (groups 2 and 4) (P = 0.03, OR = 0.57 [0.3-0.9] and P = 0.006, OR = 0.24 [0.08-0.74], respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of TLR-4 and TLR-7 gene polymorphisms. The present data suggest that TLR2and TLR3 polymorphisms are significantly associated with increased susceptibility to PF in the Tunisian population.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mandhana R, Qian LK, Horvath CM. Constitutively Active MDA5 Proteins Are Inhibited by Paramyxovirus V Proteins. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:319-332. [PMID: 30130154 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive interferon (IFN) production and signaling can lead to immunological and developmental defects giving rise to autoimmune diseases referred to collectively as "type I interferonopathies." A subset of these diseases is caused by monogenic mutations affecting proteins involved in nucleic acid sensing, homeostasis, and metabolism. Interferonopathic mutations in the cytosolic antiviral sensor MDA5 render it constitutively hyperactive, resulting in chronic IFN production and IFN-stimulated gene expression. Few therapeutic options are available for patients with interferonopathic diseases, but a large number of IFN evasion and antagonism strategies have evolved in viral pathogens that can counteract IFN production and signaling to enhance virus replication. To test the hypothesis that these natural IFN suppressors could be used to subdue the activity of interferonopathic signaling proteins, hyperactive MDA5 variants were assessed for susceptibility to a family of viral MDA5 inhibitors. In this study, Paramyxovirus V proteins were tested for their ability to counteract constitutively active MDA5 proteins. Results indicate that the V proteins are able to bind to and disrupt the signaling activity of these MDA5 proteins, irrespective of their specific mutations, reducing IFN production and IFN-stimulated gene expression to effectively suppress the hyperactive antiviral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roli Mandhana
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Lily K Qian
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Curt M Horvath
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raafat II, El Guindy N, Shahin RMH, Samy LA, El Refai RM. Toll-like receptor 7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. Z Rheumatol 2019; 77:416-420. [PMID: 28243744 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-017-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors which play a role in eliciting innate/adaptive immune responses and developing chronic inflammation. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of TLR7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3853839 and rs179019 on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility and to assess their relations with various clinical and laboratory data of the patients. METHODS This is a case-control study including 50 SLE female patients and 50 healthy controls. TLR7 rs3853839 and rs179019 genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) TaqMan-based allelic discrimination assay. RESULTS Regarding rs3853839, there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the genotypes between SLE patients and the control group in our study (P = 0.009). A significant association was detected between TLR7 genotypes (rs385389) and lupus nephritis (p = 0.021). Regarding rs179019, there was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the genotypes between SLE patients and the control group in our study (P = 0.271) CONCLUSION: This study revealed the plausible role of TLR7 rs3853839 SNP in SLE in Egyptian women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I I Raafat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N El Guindy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R M H Shahin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - L A Samy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R M El Refai
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vierbuchen T, Stein K, Heine H. RNA is taking its Toll: Impact of RNA-specific Toll-like receptors on health and disease. Allergy 2019; 74:223-235. [PMID: 30475385 DOI: 10.1111/all.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are often described as antiviral receptors of the innate immune system. However, the past decade has shown that the function and relevance of these receptors are far more complex. They were found to be essential for the detection of various bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microorganisms and facilitate the discrimination between dead and living microbes. The cytokine and interferon response profile that is triggered has the potential to improve the efficacy of next-generation vaccines and may prevent the development of asthma and allergy. Nevertheless, the ability to recognize foreign RNA comes with a cost as also damaged host cells can release nucleic acids that might induce an inappropriate immune response. Thus, it is not surprising that RNA-sensing TLRs play a key role in various autoimmune diseases. However, promising new inhibitors and antagonists are on the horizon to improve their treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vierbuchen
- Division of Innate Immunity Research Center Borstel – Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Karina Stein
- Division of Innate Immunity Research Center Borstel – Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Borstel Germany
| | - Holger Heine
- Division of Innate Immunity Research Center Borstel – Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Borstel Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang Y, Wang C, Cheng P, Zhang X, Li X, Hu Y, Xu F, Hong F, Dong G, Xiong H. CD180 Ligation Inhibits TLR7- and TLR9-Mediated Activation of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Through the Lyn-SHP-1/2 Axis in Murine Lupus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2643. [PMID: 30498494 PMCID: PMC6249336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of TLR7 and TLR9 by endogenous RNA- or DNA-containing ligands, respectively, can lead to hyper-activation of immune cells, including macrophages and DCs, subsequently contributes to the pathogenesis of SLE. CD180, a TLR-like protein, is specifically involved in the development and activation of immune cells. Our previous study and others have reported that CD180-negative B cells are dramatically increased in SLE patients and responsible for the production of auto-antibodies. However, the mode of CD180 expression on macrophages and DCs in SLE remains unclear and the role of CD180 on regulating TLR7- and TLR9-mediated activation of macrophages and DCs are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the percentages of CD180-negative macrophages and DCs were both increased in SLE patients and lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice compared with healthy donors and wild-type mice, respectively. Notably, ligation of CD180 significantly inhibited the activation of TLR7 and TLR9 signaling pathways in macrophages and DCs through the Lyn-SHP-1/2 axis. What's more, injection of anti-CD180 Ab could markedly ameliorate the lupus-symptoms of imiquimod-treated mice and lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice through inhibiting the activation of macrophages and DCs. Collectively, our results highlight a critical role of CD180 in regulating TLR7- and TLR9-mediated activation of macrophages and DCs, hinting that CD180 can be regarded as a potential therapeutic target for SLE treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Yang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Panpan Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Feihong Xu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zheng L, Zhang H, Tang Y. In lupus nephritis, how do extracellular DNAs trigger type I interferon secretion: Under the assistance of HMGB1-cGAS? Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:51-53. [PMID: 30396490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiple organs involved. Kidney damage is common among SLE patients. In lupus nephritis, extracellular DNA accumulation from necrosis cells and activated cells is perceived as initial step of inflammation. The up-regulated type I IFN is one pivotal cytokine causing downstream inflammation enlargement. Currently, intracellular DNA sensor cGAS signaling has been found to be related to lupus nephritis and the aberrant up-regulation of type I IFN. However, how extracellular accumulated DNA activates intracellular cGAS is still unknown. It was reported that nuclear protein HMGB1 takes part in multiple autoimmune diseases and inflammation induction. When HMGB1 is secreted to extracellular environment under certain conditions, it combines with DNA and triggers IFN-I secretion. It has been reported that HMGB1 level in renal tissue and cGAS level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were both significantly up-regulated in SLE patients. Hence, we present a hypothesis that in lupus nephritis, the released HMGB1 helps extracellular accumulated DNA endocytosis and cGAS signaling pathway activation, followed by IFN-I secretion. We infer this is one pivotal pro-inflammation pathway in lupus nephritis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youzhou Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kato Y, Park J, Takamatsu H, Konaka H, Aoki W, Aburaya S, Ueda M, Nishide M, Koyama S, Hayama Y, Kinehara Y, Hirano T, Shima Y, Narazaki M, Kumanogoh A. Apoptosis-derived membrane vesicles drive the cGAS-STING pathway and enhance type I IFN production in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1507-1515. [PMID: 29945921 PMCID: PMC6161667 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-212988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the importance of type I interferon (IFN-I) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, the mechanisms of IFN-I production have not been fully elucidated. Recognition of nucleic acids by DNA sensors induces IFN-I and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), but the involvement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in SLE remains unclear. We studied the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in the IFN-I-producing cascade driven by SLE serum. METHODS We collected sera from patients with SLE (n=64), patients with other autoimmune diseases (n=31) and healthy controls (n=35), and assayed them using a cell-based reporter system that enables highly sensitive detection of IFN-I and ISG-inducing activity. We used Toll-like receptor-specific reporter cells and reporter cells harbouring knockouts of cGAS, STING and IFNAR2 to evaluate signalling pathway-dependent ISG induction. RESULTS IFN-I bioactivity and ISG-inducing activities of serum were higher in patients with SLE than in patients with other autoimmune diseases or healthy controls. ISG-inducing activity of SLE sera was significantly reduced in STING-knockout reporter cells, and STING-dependent ISG-inducing activity correlated with disease activity. Double-stranded DNA levels were elevated in SLE. Apoptosis-derived membrane vesicles (AdMVs) from SLE sera had high ISG-inducing activity, which was diminished in cGAS-knockout or STING-knockout reporter cells. CONCLUSIONS AdMVs in SLE serum induce IFN-I production through activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Thus, blockade of the cGAS-STING axis represents a promising therapeutic target for SLE. Moreover, our cell-based reporter system may be useful for stratifying patients with SLE with high ISG-inducing activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - JeongHoon Park
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hachirou Konaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Japan Science and Technology-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Aburaya
- Japan Science and Technology-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Japan Science and Technology-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Hayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kinehara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Seto NL, Carmona-Rivera C, Kaplan MJ. Accelerated model of lupus autoimmunity and vasculopathy driven by toll-like receptor 7/9 imbalance. Lupus Sci Med 2018; 5:e000259. [PMID: 29765617 PMCID: PMC5950641 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Activation of endosomal toll-like receptor (TLR)7 or TLR9 has been proposed as a critical step for the initiation and development of SLE. Traditional spontaneous lupus models normally introduce multiple risk alleles, thereby adding additional confounding factors. In the induced lupus models, the role of TLR9 remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the role of an imbalance between TLR7 and TLR9 pathways in the pathogenesis of lupus and its associated vasculopathy using the imiquimod model in TLR9 KO/B6 background. Methods Wild type (WT) and Tlr9-/- mice were epicutaneously treated with imiquimod cream 5% on both ears three times per week for indicated times. At euthanasia, mice were analysed for organ involvement, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, serum autoantibodies, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Results Compared with the lupus-like phenotype that develops in imiquimod-treated WT mice, Tlr9-/- mice exposed to imiquimod have increased severity of autoimmunity features and inflammatory phenotype that develops at earlier stages. These abnormalities are characterised by enhanced TLR7 expression and immune activation, increased immune complex deposition, Th1 T cells and dendritic cell kidney infiltration and significant impairments in endothelial function. Modulation of TLR7 expression was observed in the Tlr9-/- mice. Conclusions These findings further underscore the protective role of TLR9 in TLR7-driven autoimmunity and also in the development of vasculopathy, further strengthening the importance of tightly manipulating TLRs in putative therapeutic strategies. This study provides a new model of accelerated lupus phenotype driven by danger-associated molecular patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nickie L Seto
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is based on the loss of self-tolerance against ubiquitous autoantigens involving all mechanisms of adaptive immunity. However, data accumulating over the last decade imply an important role also for numerous elements of innate immunity, namely the Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of SLE. Here we discuss their role in the most common organ complication of SLE, i.e. lupus nephritis. We summarize experimental and clinical data on the expression and functional contribution of the Toll-like receptors in immune complex glomerulonephritis, and intrarenal inflammation. Based on these discoveries Toll-like receptors are evolving as therapeutic targets for the treatment of SLE and lupus nephritis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Cooke G, Kamal I, Strengert M, Hams E, Mawhinney L, Tynan A, O’Reilly C, O’Dwyer DN, Kunkel SL, Knaus UG, Shields DC, Moller DR, Bowie AG, Fallon PG, Hogaboam CM, Armstrong ME, Donnelly SC. Toll-like receptor 3 L412F polymorphism promotes a persistent clinical phenotype in pulmonary sarcoidosis. QJM 2018; 111:217-224. [PMID: 29237089 PMCID: PMC6256937 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in target organs. In 90% of cases, there is thoracic involvement. Fifty to seventy percent of pulmonary sarcoidosis patients will experience acute, self-limiting disease. For the subgroup of patients who develop persistent disease, no targeted therapy is currently available. AIM To investigate the potential of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Toll-like receptor 3 Leu412Phe (TLR3 L412F; rs3775291), as a causative factor in the development of and in disease persistence in pulmonary sarcoidosis. To investigate the functionality of TLR3 L412F in vitro in primary human lung fibroblasts from pulmonary sarcoidosis patients. DESIGN SNP-genotyping and cellular assays, respectively, were used to investigate the role of TLR3 L412F in the development of persistent pulmonary sarcoidosis. METHODS Cohorts of Irish sarcoidosis patients (n = 228), healthy Irish controls (n = 263) and a secondary cohort of American sarcoidosis patients (n = 123) were genotyped for TLR3 L412F. Additionally, the effect of TLR3 L412F in primary lung fibroblasts from pulmonary sarcoidosis patients was quantitated following TLR3 activation in the context of cytokine and type I interferon production, TLR3 expression and apoptotic- and fibroproliferative-responses. RESULTS We report a significant association between TLR3 L412F and persistent clinical disease in two cohorts of Irish and American Caucasians with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Furthermore, activation of TLR3 in primary lung fibroblasts from 412 F-homozygous pulmonary sarcoidosis patients resulted in reduced IFN-β and TLR3 expression, reduced apoptosis- and dysregulated fibroproliferative-responses compared with TLR3 wild-type patients. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study identifies defective TLR3 function as a previously unidentified factor in persistent clinical disease in pulmonary sarcoidosis and reveals TLR3 L412F as a candidate biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Cooke
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute of Technology Tallaght,
Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - I Kamal
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, College of Life Sciences, UCD
Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin,
Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- National Pulmonary Fibrosis Referral Centre at St. Vincent’s University
Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Strengert
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, College of Life Sciences, UCD
Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin,
Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital
Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - L Mawhinney
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A Tynan
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C O’Reilly
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D N O’Dwyer
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, College of Life Sciences, UCD
Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin,
Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- National Pulmonary Fibrosis Referral Centre at St. Vincent’s University
Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann
Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - U G Knaus
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, College of Life Sciences, UCD
Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin,
Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D C Shields
- UCD Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin,
Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D R Moller
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - A G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences
Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - P G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital
Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - C M Hogaboam
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann
Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M E Armstrong
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S C Donnelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences,
Tallaght Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
This review introduces recent concepts in innate immunity highlighting some of the latest exciting findings. These include: the discovery of the initiator of pyroptosis, Gasdermin D, and mechanisms of inflammatory caspases in innate immune signaling; the formation of oligomeric signalosomes downstream of innate immune receptors; mechanisms that shape innate immune responses, such as cellular homeostasis, cell metabolism, and pathogen viability; rapid methods of cell-to-cell communication; the interplay between the host and its microbiome and the concept of innate immunological memory. Furthermore, we discuss open questions and illustrate how technological advances, such as CRISPR/Cas9, may provide important answers for outstanding questions in the field of innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pelka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yazdanpanah E, Mahmoudi M, Sahebari M, Rezaieyazdi Z, Esmaeili SA, Tabasi N, Jaberi S, Sahebkar A, Rastin M. Vitamin D3 Alters the Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4831-4835. [PMID: 28544067 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by production of inflammatory cytokines and autoreactive antibodies due to the loss of immune tolerance. Recognition of self-nucleic acids by intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can overactivate immune responses and this abnormal activation of TLRs contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. In recent years, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3) on the immune system has received particular attention. The present study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 on the expression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 in SLE patients. Study participants included 20 SLE patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured in the presence or absence of vitamin D3 (50 nM). Then RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized and gene expression levels of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 were assessed using real-time PCR. Up-regulated expression levels of TLR7 and TLR9 were observed in the PBMCs of SLE patients in comparison with controls. Culturing PBMCs with vitamin D3 significantly down-regulated the expression of TLR3 (8.86 ± 4.2 for SLE patients vs. 45.34 ± 18.6 for control; P = 0.03), TLR7 (17.91 ± 7.7 for SLE patients vs. 242.37 ± 89.6 for controls; P = 0.0001) and TLR9 (4.67 ± 1.9 for SLE patients vs. 8.9 ± 1.5 for controls; P = 0.007) in SLE patients in comparison with healthy controls. The results of the current study suggest that vitamin D3 could exert some of its immunomodulatory effects in SLE patients via affecting the expression levels of some TLRs. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4831-4835, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Sahebari
- Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, Ghaem Hospital, Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, Ghaem Hospital, Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Tabasi
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheila Jaberi
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gao S, Gong Y, Ji J, Yuan L, Han L, Guo Y, Fan X, Hou Y, Hua C. A new benzenediamine derivative modulates Toll-like receptors-induced myeloid dendritic cells activation and ameliorates lupus-like syndrome in MRLlpr/lpr mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:94-102. [PMID: 28342978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modulators of the over-activation of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an advantage in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of FC-99, a novel benzenediamine derivative, on TLR-induced activation of mDCs, and to assess the efficacy of FC-99 in a murine model of SLE. In vitro, FC-99 inhibited the phenotypic (CD40 and MHC-II) and functional activation (IL-12 and CXCL10) of mDCs induced by TLR ligands. In vivo, MRLlpr/lpr mice displayed renal diseases associated with increased levels of proteinuria and immunoglobulin, which were ameliorated by FC-99. Enhanced accumulation and activation of mDCs in lymphoid organs was also impaired by FC-99. Additionally, FC-99 inhibited the activation of IκB-α and upregulated the expression of TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that FC-99 modulates TLR-induced activation of mDCs and ameliorates lupus-like syndrome in MRLlpr/lpr mice. This effect is closely associated with the inhibition of IκB-α and upregulation of TNFAIP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linbo Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liping Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yimin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The innate immune system in human systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:625-634. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of adaptive immune mechanisms, e.g. autoantibody formation and abnormal T-cell activation, has been long noted in the pathogenesis of human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the role of innate immunity has been less well characterized. An intricate interplay between both innate and adaptive immune elements exists in protective anti-infective immunity as well as in detrimental autoimmunity. More recently, it has become clear that the innate immune system in this regard not only starts inflammation cascades in SLE leading to disease flares, but also continues to fuel adaptive immune responses throughout the course of the disease. This is why targeting the innate immune system offers an additional means of treating SLE. First trials assessing the efficacy of anti-type I interferon (IFN) therapy or modulators of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signalling have been attempted. In this review, we summarize the available evidence on the role of several distinct innate immune elements, especially neutrophils and dendritic cells as well as the IFN system, as well as specific innate PRRs along with their signalling pathways. Finally, we highlight recent clinical trials in SLE addressing one or more of the aforementioned components of the innate immune system.
Collapse
|
28
|
Laska MJ, Troldborg A, Hauge EM, Bahrami S, Stengaard-Pedersen K. Human Endogenous Retroviral Genetic Element With Immunosuppressive Activity in Both Human Autoimmune Diseases and Experimental Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:398-409. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
29
|
Pelka K, Shibata T, Miyake K, Latz E. Nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and autoimmunity: novel insights from structural and cell biology. Immunol Rev 2016; 269:60-75. [PMID: 26683145 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of pathogenic microorganisms or tissue damage activates innate immune signaling receptors that sample subcellular locations for foreign molecular structures, altered host molecules, or signs of compartment breaches. Upon engagement of innate immune receptors an acute but transient inflammatory response is initiated, aimed at the clearance of pathogens and cellular debris. Among the molecules that are sensed are nucleic acids, which activate several members of the transmembrane Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. Inappropriate recognition of nucleic acids by TLRs can cause inflammatory pathologies and autoimmunity. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in triggering nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and indicate checkpoints that restrict their activation to endolysosomal compartments. These mechanisms are crucial to sample the content of endosomes for nucleic acids in the context of infection or tissue damage, yet prevent accidental activation by host nucleic acids under physiological conditions. Decoding the molecular mechanisms that regulate nucleic acid recognition by TLRs is central to understand pathologies linked to unrestricted nucleic acid sensing and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pelka
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Takuma Shibata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kidney Expression of Toll Like Receptors in Lupus Nephritis: Quantification and Clinicopathological Correlations. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7697592. [PMID: 27635115 PMCID: PMC5011205 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7697592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The study aimed at locating and quantifying Toll Like Receptor (TLR) 3, 7, 8, and 9 expression in kidney of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and correlating them with clinicopathological features. Methods. Kidney sections from 26 LN patients and 4 controls were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using anti-human TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 polyclonal antibodies; the number of TLR-positive nuclei/mm2 was evaluated on digitalized images. Results. Compared to controls, LN showed a significantly higher amount of glomerular and tubulointerstitial TLR9 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007), whole and tubulointerstitial TLR3 (p = 0.026 and p = 0.031), and a higher tubulointerstitial TLR7 (p = 0.022). TLR9 positively correlated with activity index (p = 0.0063) and tubular TLR7 with chronicity index (p = 0.026). TLR9 positively correlated with Renal-SLEDAI (p = 0.01). Conclusions. This is the first study quantifying kidney expressions of TLRs in LN patients; the results show an overexpression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 and demonstrate a correlation with clinicopathological indices supporting a role of these mediators in the pathogenesis of LN.
Collapse
|
31
|
Martínez-Robles E, Yebra-Bango M, Mellor-Pita S, Tutor-Ureta P, Vargas JA, Citores MJ. Genotypic distribution of common variants of endosomal toll like receptors in healthy Spanish women. A comparative study with other populations. Gene 2016; 578:32-7. [PMID: 26680101 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants of endosomal toll like receptors (TLR) have been associated with many infectious, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but few studies have been reported in the Spanish population. The aim of this study was to describe the allelic and genotypic distributions of some common nucleotide substitutions of endosomal TLRs in healthy Spanish women and to compare them with those already published in other population groups. Nine substitutions were analysed in 150 DNA samples from 150 Spanish, non-related healthy females: TLR3 rs3775291 and rs5743305; TLR7 rs179008 and rs5743781; TLR8 rs3764880 and TLR9 rs187084, rs5743836, rs352139 and rs352140. Genotyping was carried out by real time PCR and melting curve analysis in a LightCycler 480. A systematic review was performed in order to compare the genotypic distributions in our cohort with those previously published in other population groups. The comparative study was performed with the two tailed Fisher's test or the Yates continuity correction for the Chi-square test when appropriate. No homozygotes for rs5743781 in TLR7 were found, and rs352139 and rs352140 of TLR9 were in strong linkage disequilibrium. Genotype distributions in endosomal TLR are similar to other Spanish series previously reported. As expected, most differences were found when comparing our distributions with Asiatics, but differences were also found with other Caucasian populations. Since there are significant variations in genotypic distributions of TLRs in both interracial groups and within the same ethnic group, to carry out studies of disease susceptibility in more restricted groups is mandatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Robles
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Miguel Yebra-Bango
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Susana Mellor-Pita
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Pablo Tutor-Ureta
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Juan A Vargas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Maria J Citores
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Spain; Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (IDIPHIM), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang D, Zhang C, Zhou Z, Pei F. TLR9 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus risk: an update meta-analysis study. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:585-95. [PMID: 26643792 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) gene polymorphisms may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk. However, some studies yielded conflicting results. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to assess the precise association between TLR9 polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase (Ovid), China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang databases up to July 15, 2015. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were used to pool the effect size. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA 11.0 software. In total, 21 studies from nineteen articles with 10,273 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results suggested that there was a statistically significant association between TLR9 rs187084 polymorphism and SLE risk observed in recessive model (TT vs. TC + CC: OR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.05-1.30, P = 0.005), codominant model (TT vs. CC: OR 1.22, 95 % CI 1.03-1.43, P = 0.019), and allele model (T vs. C: OR 1.15, 95 % CI 1.02-1.30, P = 0.020) in Asians. However, we found that there may be no significant association between the other three TLR9 polymorphisms and SLE risk in either Asians or non-Asians. In conclusion, the meta-analysis results suggested that TLR9 rs187084 polymorphism may increase the risk of SLE in Asians. However, no significant association between TLR9 SNPs (rs352139, rs352140, and rs5743836) and SLE risk was identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zongke Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Fuxing Pei
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Traks T, Keermann M, Karelson M, Rätsep R, Reimann E, Silm H, Vasar E, Kõks S, Kingo K. Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes are associated with vitiligo. Front Genet 2015; 6:278. [PMID: 26442097 PMCID: PMC4563240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The members of Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are responsible for recognizing various molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Their expression is not confined to immune cells and have been detected in skin cells such as keratinocytes and melanocytes. As part of a generated response to pathogens, TLRs are involved in inducing inflammatory mediators to combat these threats. It is therefore not surprising that TLRs have been implicated in inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Likewise, as key players in autoimmunity, they have been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases. Based on this, the role of TLRs in vitiligo could be suspected, but is yet to be clearly established. Methods: In order to conduct a genetic association analysis, 30 SNPs were selected from TLR1-TLR8 and TLR10 regions to be genotyped in Estonian case-control cohort consisting of 139 vitiligo patients and 307 healthy control individuals. The patients were further analyzed in subgroups based on sex, age of onset, occurrence of vitiligo among relatives, extent of depigmented areas, vitiligo progression activity, appearance of Köbner's phenomenon, existence of halo naevi, and incidence of spontaneous repigmentation. Results: The most notable finding came with SNP rs179020 situated in TLR7 gene, that was associated in entire vitiligo (Padj = 0.0065) and also several subgroup analyses. Other single marker and haplotype analyses pointed to TLR3, TLR4, and TLR10 genes. Conclusions: This study investigated the genetic regions of nine TLR genes in relation to vitiligo susceptibility. The main results were the associations of TLR7 SNPs with vitiligo, while several other associations were obtained from the remaining TLR gene regions. This suggests that in addition to other inflammatory skin diseases, TLRs affect the development of vitiligo, thus making them interesting targets for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanel Traks
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maris Keermann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Karelson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ranno Rätsep
- Department of Physiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Reimann
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helgi Silm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Physiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Nucleic acid sensing by innate receptors initiates immune defences against viruses and other pathogens. A hallmark of this response is the release of interferons (IFNs), which promote protective immunity by inducing IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). A similar ISG signature is found in autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions, indicating that chronic activation of nucleic acid-sensing pathways may contribute to these diseases. Here, we review how nucleic acid-sensing pathways are currently being targeted pharmacologically with both agonists and antagonists. We discuss how an improved understanding of the biology of these pathways is leading to novel therapies for infections, cancer, and autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders, and how new therapeutics will, in turn, generate a deeper understanding of these complex diseases.
Collapse
|
35
|
Tran NL, Manzin-Lorenzi C, Santiago-Raber ML. Toll-like receptor 8 deletion accelerates autoimmunity in a mouse model of lupus through a Toll-like receptor 7-dependent mechanism. Immunology 2015; 145:60-70. [PMID: 25424423 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder characterized by increased levels of lymphocyte activation, antigen presentation by dendritic cells, and the formation of autoantibodies. This leads to immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Toll-like receptor 7 (T7) and TLR9 localize to the endosomal compartment and play important roles in the generation of autoantibodies against nuclear components, as they recognize RNA and DNA, respectively. In contrast, very little is known about endogenous TLR8 activation in mice. We therefore tested whether TLR8 could affect autoimmune responses in a murine model of lupus. We introduced a Tlr8 null mutation into C57BL/6 mice congenic for the Nba2 (NZB autoimmunity 2) locus and bearing the Yaa (Y-linked autoimmune acceleration) mutation containing a tlr8 duplicated gene, and monitored disease development, autoantibody production, and glomerulonephritis-associated mortality. Cellular responses were investigated in female Nba2.TLR8(-/-) mice bearing no copy of tlr8. The TLR8 deficiency accelerated disease progression and mortality, increased the number of circulating antibodies and activated monocytes, and heightened cellular responses to TLR7 ligation. TLR8-deficient antigen-presenting cells exhibited increased levels of MHC class II expression. The ability of dendritic cells to present antigens to allogeneic T cells after TLR7 ligation was also improved by TLR8 deficiency. TLR8 deletion accelerated autoimmunity in lupus-prone mice in response to TLR7 activation. Antigen-presenting cell function seemed to play a key role in mediating the effects of TLR8 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Tran
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alvarado-Vásquez N. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA as the probable inducer of early endothelial dysfunction in the prediabetic patient. Exp Gerontol 2015; 69:70-8. [PMID: 26026597 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that 346million people in the world have diabetes mellitus (DM); this number will increase to 439million by 2030. In addition, current data indicate an increase in DM cases in the population between 40 and 59years of age. Diabetes is associated with the development of micro- and macro-vascular complications, derived from chronic hyperglycemia on the endothelium. Some reports demonstrate that people in a prediabetic state have a major risk of developing early endothelial dysfunction (ED). Today, it is accepted that individuals considered as prediabetic patients are in a pro-inflammatory state associated with endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. It is important to mention that impaired mitochondrial functionality has been linked to endothelial apoptosis and release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in patients with sepsis, cardiac disease, or atherosclerosis. This free mtDNA could promote ED, as well as other side effects on the vascular system through the activation of the toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). TLR9 is expressed in different cell types (e.g., T or B lymphocytes, mastocytes, and epithelial and endothelial cells). It is localized intracellularly and recognizes non-methylated dinucleotides of viral, bacterial, and mitochondrial DNA. Recently, it has been reported that TLR9 is associated with the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune diabetes. In this work, it is hypothesized that the increase in the levels of circulating mtDNA is the trigger of early ED in the prediabetic patient, and later on in the older patient with diabetes, through activation of the TLR9 present in the endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080 Mexico, D.F., Mexico, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Simchoni N, Cunningham-Rundles C. TLR7- and TLR9-responsive human B cells share phenotypic and genetic characteristics. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3035-44. [PMID: 25740945 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
B cells activated by nucleic acid-sensing TLR7 and TLR9 proliferate and secrete immune globulins. Memory B cells are presumably more responsive due to higher TLR expression levels, but selectivity and differential outcomes remain largely unknown. In this study, peripheral blood human B cells were stimulated by TLR7 or TLR9 ligands, with or without IFN-α, and compared with activators CD40L plus IL-21, to identify differentially responsive cell populations, defined phenotypically and by BCR characteristics. Whereas all activators induced differentiation and Ab secretion, TLR stimulation expanded IgM(+) memory and plasma cell lineage committed populations, and favored secretion of IgM, unlike CD40L/IL-21, which drove IgM and IgG more evenly. Patterns of proliferation similarly differed, with CD40L/IL-21 inducing proliferation of most memory and naive B cells, in contrast with TLRs that induced robust proliferation in a subset of these cells. On deep sequencing of the IgH locus, TLR-responsive B cells shared patterns of IgHV and IgHJ usage, clustering apart from CD40L/IL-21 and control conditions. TLR activators, but not CD40L/IL-21, similarly promoted increased sharing of CDR3 sequences. TLR-responsive B cells were characterized by more somatic hypermutation, shorter CDR3 segments, and less negative charges. TLR activation also induced long positively charged CDR3 segments, suggestive of autoreactive Abs. Testing this, we found culture supernatants from TLR-stimulated B cells to bind HEp-2 cells, whereas those from CD40L/IL-21-stimulated cells did not. Human B cells possess selective sensitivity to TLR stimulation, with distinctive phenotypic and genetic signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Simchoni
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
McCall KD, Thuma JR, Courreges MC, Benencia F, James CBL, Malgor R, Kantake N, Mudd W, Denlinger N, Nolan B, Wen L, Schwartz FL. Toll-like receptor 3 is critical for coxsackievirus B4-induced type 1 diabetes in female NOD mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:453-61. [PMID: 25422874 PMCID: PMC4298321 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) are involved in triggering some cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for this remain elusive. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a receptor that recognizes viral double-stranded RNA, is hypothesized to play a role in virus-induced T1DM, although this hypothesis is yet to be substantiated. The objective of this study was to directly investigate the role of TLR3 in CVB-triggered T1DM in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a mouse model of human T1DM that is widely used to study both spontaneous autoimmune and viral-induced T1DM. As such, we infected female wild-type (TLR3(+/+)) and TLR3 knockout (TLR3(-/-)) NOD mice with CVB4 and compared the incidence of diabetes in CVB4-infected mice with that of uninfected counterparts. We also evaluated the islets of uninfected and CVB4-infected wild-type and TLR3 knockout NOD mice by immunohistochemistry and insulitis scoring. TLR3 knockout mice were markedly protected from CVB4-induced diabetes compared with CVB4-infected wild-type mice. CVB4-induced T-lymphocyte-mediated insulitis was also significantly less severe in TLR3 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. No differences in insulitis were observed between uninfected animals, either wild-type or TLR3 knockout mice. These data demonstrate for the first time that TLR3 is 1) critical for CVB4-induced T1DM, and 2) modulates CVB4-induced insulitis in genetically prone NOD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D McCall
- Departments of Specialty Medicine (K.D.M., M.C.C., W.M., N.D., B.N., F.L.S.) and Biomedical Sciences (K.D.M., F.B., C.B.L.J., R.M., N.K.) and Diabetes Institute (K.D.M., J.R.T., M.C.C., R.M., W.M., N.D., B.N., F.L.S.), Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701; Department of Biological Sciences (K.D.M.) and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program (K.D.M., F.B., C.B.L.J., R.M.), Ohio University College of Arts and Sciences, Athens, Ohio 45701; Biomedical Engineering Program (K.D.M., F.B., R.M., F.L.S.), Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, Ohio 45701; and Section of Endocrinology (L.W.), Department of Internal Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Celhar T, Fairhurst AM. Toll-like receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus: potential for personalized treatment. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:265. [PMID: 25538618 PMCID: PMC4258990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of tolerance to self-nuclear antigens. The symptoms of SLE, progression of pathology and the array of autoantibodies present in the serum differ significantly from patient to patient, which calls for a personalized approach to treatment. SLE is polygenic and strongly influenced by gender, ethnicity, and environmental factors. Data from genome-wide association studies suggests that polymorphisms in as many as 100 genes contribute to SLE susceptibility. Recent research has focused on genes associated with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), type I interferons, immune regulation pathways, and immune-complex clearance. TLR7 and TLR9 have been extensively studied using lupus-prone mouse models. In multiple systems overexpression of TLR7 drives disease progression but interestingly, a loss of TLR9 results in an almost identical phenotype. While TLR7 overexpression has been linked to human SLE, the possible role of TLR9 in human disease remains elusive. In the present review, we focus on TLR polymorphisms and TLR expression in SLE patients and discuss their potential as biomarkers for individualized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teja Celhar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) , Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Laska MJ, Hansen B, Troldborg A, Lorenzen T, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Junker P, Nexø BA, Lindegaard HM. A non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) is associated with sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Danish population. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:716. [PMID: 25304972 PMCID: PMC4198664 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that polymorphisms in Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) are associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), but the implicated alleles have differed between studies. The aim of this investigation was to explore whether polymorphisms of TLR genes are associated with RA in a predominantly Caucasian population from Denmark using a case–control approach. Findings DNA samples (3 university hospital outpatient clinics) were obtained from patients with RA (n = 704) and healthy controls (n = 639) in a Danish population. TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected based on the previously reported associations with chronic autoimmune diseases. Genotyping for the TLR SNPs was performed using Sequenom Multiplex technology. We identified one SNP in TLR3, [(rs3775291, P = 0.02, OR (95% CI) 1.31 (1.1087-1.5493)] significantly associated with the whole RA cohort. Subgroup analysis according to IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrinullated peptide (CCP) status suggested a significant association of sero-negative RA with the rs3775291 A allele and disease activity in this subset. Conclusion These observations on a RA population of Danish ancestry suggest that variations in the TLR3 locus may be implicated in the pathogenesis of sero-negative RA. Since this TLR3 SNP has previously been associated with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), the present findings support the notion that TLR3 genetic variants may represent a common risk factor in different chronic inflammatory conditions, including RA and SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena J Laska
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building 1240, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Enevold C, Kjær L, Nielsen CH, Voss A, Jacobsen RS, Hermansen MLF, Redder L, Oturai AB, Jensen PE, Bendtzen K, Jacobsen S. Genetic polymorphisms of dsRNA ligating pattern recognition receptors TLR3, MDA5, and RIG-I. Association with systemic lupus erythematosus and clinical phenotypes. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34:1401-8. [PMID: 24719229 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate possible associations between genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 3, interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) and DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including the phenotypes lupus nephritis and malar rash, as well as the presence of autoantibodies against nucleic acid-containing complexes. Genotyping was carried out in two Danish cohorts [Copenhagen (CPH) and Odense (ODE)] totaling 344 patients and was compared with 641 previously genotyped healthy controls. In the ODE cohort, the patients were only genotyped for the rs1990760 polymorphism of IFIH1. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by a multiplex bead-based assay (CPH cohort) or real-time PCR (ODE cohort). Associations were investigated using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. The odds ratio (OR) for minor allele homozygotes versus major allele homozygotes suggested a protective effect of the IFIH1 rs1990760 SNP for SLE in the ODE cohort [OR 0.52, 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) 0.31-0.88, Pcorr. = 0.05] but not in the CPH cohort, although the OR suggested a trend in the same direction, and when combining the two patient cohorts, ORs were 0.57, 95 % CI 0.37-0.88. None of the other investigated polymorphisms showed any association with SLE. Regarding phenotypes, we found a statistically significant association between rs1990760 and malar rash in the CPH cohort, with ORs suggesting a protective effect (OR 0.28, 95 % CI 0.13-0.62 for heterozygotes and OR 0.11, 95 % CI 0.03-0.41 for homozygotes, Pcorr. = 0.0001). There were no significant associations between rs1990760 and presence of anti-dsDNA, anti-U1RNP, or anti-Smith antibodies. Our study supports previous findings of an association between the rs1990760 polymorphism of IFIH1 and SLE and indicates that this SNP may also be associated with malar rash in SLE patients although this finding needs confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Enevold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yang HY, Huang SM, Lu KC, Wu CC, Kang CY, Lin YF, Lin C, Lin FH, Kao SY, Su SL. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of TLR3 is associated with susceptibility to end-stage renal disease. Am J Nephrol 2014; 40:131-9. [PMID: 25171218 DOI: 10.1159/000365934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is simultaneously associated with immune activation, systemic inflammation and immune deficiency. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a receptor for viral double-stranded RNA, is involved in immune cell activation in renal diseases and may contribute to chronic inflammatory disease progression. To date, effects of TLR3 polymorphisms on ESRD remain unknown. Therefore, we determined the predictive value of TLR3 polymorphisms and further functionally studied ESRD. METHODS We performed a case-control association study and genotyped 616 ESRD patients and 813 healthy controls. Patients were genotyped for -7C/A, 1377C/T and 1234C/T polymorphisms of TLR3 using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The Haplotype association analysis was performed using the Haploview package. A luciferase reporter assay and real-time PCR were used to test the function of the -7C/A promoter polymorphism in TLR3 expression in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. RESULTS Genotype distributions of -7C/A and 1377C/T in TLR3 were significantly different in ESRD patients and healthy controls. The ATC haplotype of TLR3 was associated with a decreased risk of ESRD. We also found significant differences in TLR3 expression by dexamethasone treatment between various genotypes of -7C/A (p = 0.02). TLR3 transcriptional activity of the variant -7 C allele was higher than that of the -7 A allele after dexamethasone treatment. CONCLUSION RESULTS indicate that, in our population, the presence of the C allele of -7C/A in TLR3 increases the susceptibility to ESRD. In vitro studies demonstrated that -7C/A may be involved in ESRD development through transcriptional modulation of TLR3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Yang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sandholm J, Selander KS. Toll-like receptor 9 in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2014; 5:330. [PMID: 25101078 PMCID: PMC4105583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a cellular DNA receptor of the innate immune system. DNA recognition via TLR9 results in an inflammatory reaction, which eventually also activates a Th1-biased adaptive immune attack. In addition to cells of the immune system, TLR9 mRNA and protein are also widely expressed in breast cancer cell lines and in clinical breast cancer specimens. Although synthetic TLR9-ligands induce cancer cell invasion in vitro, the role of TLR9 in cancer pathophysiology has remained unclear. In the studies conducted so far, tumor TLR9 expression has been shown to have prognostic significance only in patients that have triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Specifically, high tumor TLR9 expression predicts good prognosis among TNBC patients. Pre-clinical studies suggest that TLR9 expression may affect tumor immunophenotype and contribute to the immunogenic benefit of chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss the possible contribution of tumor TLR9 to the pathogenesis and treatment responses in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jouko Sandholm
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University , Turku , Finland
| | - Katri S Selander
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital , Rovaniemi , Finland ; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhou TB, Jiang ZP, Liang MJ, Huang YJ. Relationship betweenMCP-1promoter -2518 A/G gene polymorphism (rs1024611) and systemic lupus erythematosus/lupus nephritis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:85-93. [PMID: 24968246 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.931433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|