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Zhong X, Feng W, Liu L, Liu Q, Xu Q, Liu M, Liu X, Xu S, Deng M, Lin C. Periplogenin inhibits pathologic synovial proliferation and infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the JAK2/3-STAT3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111487. [PMID: 38183911 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects joints, causing inflammation, synovitis, and erosion of cartilage and bone. Periplogenin is an active ingredient in the anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory herb, cortex periplocae. We conducted a study using a CIA model and an in vitro model of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulation. We evaluated cell activity, proliferation, and migration using the CCK8 test, EDU kit, and transwell assays, as well as network pharmacokinetic analysis of periplogenin targets and RA-related effects. Furthermore, we measured inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression using ELISA and qRT-PCR assays. We also evaluated joint destruction using HE and Safranin O-Fast Green Staining and examined the changes in the JAK2/3-STAT3 pathway using western blot. The results indicated that periplogenin can effectively inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors, suppress the JAK2/3-STAT3 pathway, and impede the proliferation and migration of RA FLS. Thus, periplogenin alleviated the Synovial inflammatory infiltration of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhong
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Wei Feng
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Lianjie Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Minying Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Xiaobao Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Shudi Xu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Minzhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Changsong Lin
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China.
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Golumba‐Nagy V, Yan S, Steinbach‐Knödgen E, Thiele J, Esser RL, Haak TH, Nikiforov A, Meyer A, Seeger‐Nukpezah T, Kofler DM. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with baricitinib or upadacitinib is associated with reduced scaffold protein NEDD9 levels in CD4+ T cells. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15829. [PMID: 37771106 PMCID: PMC10539626 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The JAK/STAT pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and JAK inhibitors have emerged as a new group of effective drugs for RA treatment. Recently, high STAT3 levels have been associated with the upregulation of the scaffold protein NEDD9, which is a regulator of T-cell trafficking and promotes collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). In this study, we aimed to reveal how treatment with JAK inhibitors affects NEDD9 in CD4+ T cells from RA patients. We analyzed NEDD9 expression in CD4+ T cells from 50 patients treated with either baricitinib, tofacitinib, or upadacitinib and performed cell migration assays to assess the potential influence of JAK inhibitor treatment on CD4+ T-cell migration. We observed that treatment with baricitinib and upadacitinib is associated with reduced NEDD9 expression in CD4+ T cells. In contrast, NEDD9 levels were not altered during treatment with tofacitinib. Moreover, treatment with baricitinib was associated with a significantly reduced migratory capacity of effector CD4+ T cells but not with impaired migration of Treg cells. This study reveals previously unknown associations between JAK inhibitor treatment and NEDD9 expression and indicates that JAK inhibitors could reduce effector T-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Golumba‐Nagy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Shuaifeng Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Eva Steinbach‐Knödgen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Jan Thiele
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Ruth L. Esser
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Thomas H. Haak
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
- University of Applied Sciences UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne DuesseldorfCologneGermany
| | - Anja Meyer
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Tamina Seeger‐Nukpezah
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne DuesseldorfCologneGermany
| | - David M. Kofler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne DuesseldorfCologneGermany
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Philippon EML, van Rooijen LJE, Khodadust F, van Hamburg JP, van der Laken CJ, Tas SW. A novel 3D spheroid model of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue incorporating fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188835. [PMID: 37545512 PMCID: PMC10402919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a progressive and systemic autoimmune disorder associated with chronic and destructive joint inflammation. The hallmarks of joint synovial inflammation are cellular proliferation, extensive neoangiogenesis and infiltration of immune cells, including macrophages. In vitro approaches simulating RA synovial tissue are crucial in preclinical and translational research to evaluate novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic markers. Two-dimensional (2D) settings present very limited in vivo physiological proximity as they cannot recapitulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions occurring in the three-dimensional (3D) tissue compartment. Here, we present the engineering of a spheroid-based model of RA synovial tissue which mimics 3D interactions between cells and pro-inflammatory mediators present in the inflamed synovium. Methods Spheroids were generated by culturing RA fibroblast-like-synoviocytes (RAFLS), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) and monocyte-derived macrophages in a collagen-based 3D scaffold. The spheroids were cultured in the presence or absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF) or RA synovial fluid (SF). Spheroid expansion and cell migration were quantified for all conditions using confocal microscopy and digital image analysis. Results A novel approach using machine learning was developed to quantify spheroid outgrowth and used to reexamine the existing spheroid-based model of RA synovial angiogenesis consisting of ECs and RAFLS. A 2-fold increase in the spheroid outgrowth ratio was demonstrated upon VEGF/bFGF stimulation (p<0.05). The addition of macrophages within the spheroid structure (3.75x104 RAFLS, 7.5x104 ECs and 3.0x104 macrophages) resulted in good incorporation of the new cell type. The addition of VEGF/bFGF significantly induced spheroid outgrowth (p<0.05) in the new system. SF stimulation enhanced containment of macrophages within the spheroids. Conclusion We present a novel spheroid based model consisting of RAFLS, ECs and macrophages that reflects the RA synovial tissue microenvironment. This model may be used to dissect the role of specific cell types in inflammatory responses in RA, to study specific signaling pathways involved in the disease pathogenesis and examine the effects of novel diagnostic (molecular imaging) and therapeutic compounds, including small molecule inhibitors and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. L. Philippon
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne J. E. van Rooijen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fatemeh Khodadust
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Piet van Hamburg
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Conny J. van der Laken
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Kraus SE, Lee E. Engineering approaches to investigate the roles of lymphatics vessels in rheumatoid arthritis. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12769. [PMID: 35611452 PMCID: PMC9684355 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory joint disorders. While our understanding of the autoimmune processes that lead to synovial degradation has improved, a majority of patients are still resistant to current treatments and require new therapeutics. An understudied and promising area for therapy involves the roles of lymphatic vessels (LVs) in RA progression, which has been observed to have a significant effect on mediating chronic inflammation. RA disease progression has been shown to correlate with dramatic changes in LV structure and interstitial fluid drainage, manifesting in the retention of distinct immune cell phenotypes within the synovium. Advances in dynamic imaging technologies have demonstrated that LVs in RA undergo an initial expansion phase of increased LVs and abnormal contractions followed by a collapsed phase of reduced lymphatic function and immune cell clearance in vivo. However, current animal models of RA fail to decouple biological and biophysical factors that might be responsible for this lymphatic dysfunction in RA, and a few attempted in vitro models of the synovium in RA have not yet included the contributions from the LVs. Various methods of replicating LVs in vitro have been developed to study lymphatic biology, but these have yet not been integrated into the RA context. This review discusses the roles of LVs in RA and the current engineering approaches to improve our understanding of lymphatic pathophysiology in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Kraus
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Wang S, Zhou Y, Huang J, Li H, Pang H, Niu D, Li G, Wang F, Zhou Z, Liu Z. Advances in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249962. [PMID: 36330559 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent articular inflammation and joint damage. RA was first described over 200 years ago; however, its etiology and pathophysiology remain insufficiently understood. The current treatment of RA is mainly empirical or based on the current understanding of etiology with limited efficacy and/or substantial side effects. Thus, the development of safer and more potent therapeutics, validated and optimized in experimental models, is urgently required. To improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must carefully select the appropriate experimental models as well as draw the right conclusions. Here, we summarize the establishment, pathological features, potential mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of the currently available RA models. The aim of the review is to help researchers better understand available RA models; discuss future trends in RA model development, which can help highlight new translational and human-based avenues in RA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.,Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Honghu, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.,Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Honghu, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiangrong Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huilin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huidan Pang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dandan Niu
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Experiment and Training, Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zushan Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.,Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Honghu, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
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Tsaltskan V, Firestein GS. Targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 67:102304. [PMID: 36228471 PMCID: PMC9942784 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are mesenchymal-derived cells that play an important role in the physiology of the synovium by producing certain components of the synovial fluid and articular cartilage. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, fibroblasts become a key driver of synovial inflammation and joint damage. Because of this, there has been recent interest in FLS as a therapeutic target in RA to avoid side effects such as systemic immune suppression associated with many existing RA treatments. In this review, we describe how approved treatments for RA affect FLS signaling and function and discuss the effects of investigational FLS-targeted drugs for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Tsaltskan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Szostak B, Gorący A, Pala B, Rosik J, Ustianowski Ł, Pawlik A. Latest models for the discovery and development of rheumatoid arthritis drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1261-1278. [PMID: 36184990 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2131765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that reduces the quality of life. The current speed of development of therapeutic agents against RA is not satisfactory. Models on which initial experiments are conducted do not fully reflect human pathogenesis. Overcoming this oversimplification might be a crucial step to accelerate studies on RA treatment. AREAS COVERED The current approaches to produce novel models or to improve currently available models for the development of RA drugs have been discussed. Advantages and drawbacks of two- and three-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been described based on recently published results of the studies. Moreover, approaches such as tissue engineering or organ-on-a-chip have been reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The cell cultures and animal models used to date appear to be of limited value due to the complexity of the processes involved in RA. Current models in RA research should take into account the heterogeneity of patients in terms of disease subtypes, course, and activity. Several advanced models and tools using human cells and tissues have been developed, including three-dimensional tissues, liquid bioreactors, and more complex joint-on-a-chip devices. This may increase knowledge of the molecular mechanisms leading to disease development, to help identify new biomarkers for early detection, and to develop preventive strategies and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Pala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University Hospital No. 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Badillo-Mata JA, Camacho-Villegas TA, Lugo-Fabres PH. 3D Cell Culture as Tools to Characterize Rheumatoid Arthritis Signaling and Development of New Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:3410. [PMID: 36359806 PMCID: PMC9656230 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders affecting 0.5-1% of the population worldwide. As a disease of multifactorial etiology, its constant study has made it possible to unravel the pathophysiological processes that cause the illness. However, efficient and validated disease models are necessary to continue the search for new disease-modulating drugs. Technologies, such as 3D cell culture and organ-on-a-chip, have contributed to accelerating the prospecting of new therapeutic molecules and even helping to elucidate hitherto unknown aspects of the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. These technologies, where medicine and biotechnology converge, can be applied to understand RA. This review discusses the critical elements of RA pathophysiology and current treatment strategies. Next, we discuss 3D cell culture and apply these methodologies for rheumatological diseases and selected models for RA. Finally, we summarize the application of 3D cell culture for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrea Badillo-Mata
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Tanya Amanda Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT-Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pavel Hayl Lugo-Fabres
- CONACYT-Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
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Hu L, Liu R, Zhang L. Advance in bone destruction participated by JAK/STAT in rheumatoid arthritis and therapeutic effect of JAK/STAT inhibitors. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109095. [PMID: 35926270 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation and bone erosion. The bones in the human body are constantly undergoing bone remodeling throughout their lives, which is the process of bone resorption by osteoclasts to damaged bone tissue and new bone formation by osteoblasts. Osteoblasts (OBs) are the main functional cells in bone formation, responsible for the synthesis, secretion and mineralization of the bone matrix. On the contrary, osteoclasts (OCs) mediate bone breakdown during natural bone turnover, but excessive breakdown occurs in RA. Under the condition of RA inflammation, many molecules, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are produced that could mediate bone loss. Studies have shown that cytokines mainly promote the formation of OCs and play a role in bone resorption by stimulating OBs to express receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). JAK/STAT plays a crucial role in the process of bone destruction. And JAK/STAT pathway mediates the RANKL/receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis. Tofacitinib, Baricitinib, Peficitinib and Filgotinib are now being used in patients with moderate to severe RA, as well as in patients with RA who have an inadequate response to methotrexate therapy and bone destruction. Currently, Tofacitiniband Baritinib areapprovedfor thetreatmentof moderate-to-severely active RA. JAK inhibitors have been reported to have better efficacy and lower adverse effects compared with methotrexate and adalimumab. In addition, two JAK inhibitors are currently in development: the JAK1 selective Upadacitinib, and the JAK3 selective inhibitor Decernotinib. In addition to the above JAK inhibitors, some small molecular compounds inhibit bone destruction by inhibiting the Phosphorylation of STAT3. In this paper, the research progress of bone destruction participated by JAK/ STAT in rheumatoid arthritis and therapeutic effect of JAK/STAT inhibitors were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ruijin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Tucci G, Garufi C, Pacella I, Zagaglioni M, Pinzon Grimaldos A, Ceccarelli F, Conti F, Spinelli FR, Piconese S. Baricitinib therapy response in rheumatoid arthritis patients associates to STAT1 phosphorylation in monocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932240. [PMID: 35958600 PMCID: PMC9357974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Baricitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The JAK/STAT system is essential in the intracellular signaling of different cytokines and in the activation process of the monocyte lineage. This study verifies the effects of baricitinib on STAT phosphorylation in monocytes of RA patients and evaluates the correlation between STAT phosphorylation and response to therapy. We evaluated the disease activity of patients (DAS28CRP) at baseline (T0) and after 4 and 12 weeks (T1–T3) of treatment with baricitinib, dividing them into responders (n = 7) and non-responders (n = 7) based on the reduction of DAS28CRP between T0 and T1 of at least 1.2 points. Through flow cytometry, STAT1 phosphorylation was analyzed at T0/T1/T3 in monocytes, at basal conditions and after IL2, IFNα, and IL6 stimulation. We showed that monocyte frequency decreased from T0 to T1 only in responders. Regarding the phosphorylation of STAT1, we observed a tendency for higher basal pSTAT1 in monocytes of non-responder patients and, after 4 weeks, a significant reduction of cytokine-induced pSTAT1 in monocytes of responders compared with non-responders. The single IFNα stimulation only partially recapitulated the differences in STAT1 phosphorylation between the two patient subgroups. Finally, responders showed an increased IFN signature at baseline compared with non-responders. These results may suggest that monocyte frequency and STAT1 phosphorylation in circulating monocytes could represent early markers of response to baricitinib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tucci
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Garufi
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pacella
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Zagaglioni
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pinzon Grimaldos
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Ceccarelli
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia Piconese,
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11
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Tu J, Huang W, Zhang W, Mei J, Zhu C. Two Main Cellular Components in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Communication Between T Cells and Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in the Joint Synovium. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922111. [PMID: 35844494 PMCID: PMC9284267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that endangers the health of approximately 1% of the global population. Current RA medications on the market mainly include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, biological agents, and disease-modifying drugs. These drugs aim to inhibit the overactivated immune response or inflammation of RA, but they cannot cure RA. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of RA will provide a new understanding to search for RA targets and for drug development. The infiltration of T cells and hyper-proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovium of patients with RA are significantly upregulated. Furthermore, the abnormal activation of these two types of cells has been confirmed to promote development of the course of A by many studies. This article systematically summarizes the interactions between T cells and FLS in RA synovial tissues, including one-way/mutual regulation and direct/indirect regulation between the two. It further aims to investigate the pathogenesis of RA from the perspective of mutual regulation between T cells and FLS and to provide new insights into RA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiawei Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Zhu,
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12
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Huang J, Zhou C, Deng J, Zhou J. JAK Inhibition as a New Treatment Strategy for Patients with COVID-19. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115162. [PMID: 35787993 PMCID: PMC9250821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic continues to spread globally. The rapid dispersion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 drives an urgent need for effective treatments, especially for patients who develop severe pneumonia. The excessive and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines has proved to be an essential factor in the rapidity of disease progression, and some cytokines are significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Most of the upregulated cytokines signal through the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. Therefore, blocking the exaggerated release of cytokines, including IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFNα/β/γ, by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling will, presumably, offer favorable pharmacodynamics and present an attractive prospect. JAK inhibitors (JAKi) can also inhibit members of the numb-associated kinase (NAK) family, including AP2-associated kinase 1 (AAK1) and cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK), which regulate the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) transmembrane protein and are involved in host viral endocytosis. According to the data released from current clinical trials, JAKi treatment can effectively control the dysregulated cytokine storm and improve clinical outcomes regarding mortality, ICU admission, and discharge. There are still some concerns surrounding thromboembolic events, opportunistic infection such as herpes zoster virus reactivation, and repression of the host's type-I IFN-dependent immune repair for both viral and bacterial infection. However, the current JAKi clinical trials of COVID-19 raised no new safety concerns except a slightly increased risk of herpes virus infection. In the updated WHO guideline, Baricitinb is strongly recommended as an alternative to IL-6 receptor blockers, particularly in combination with corticosteroids, in patients with severe or critical COVID-19. Future studies will explore the application of JAKi to COVID-19 treatment in greater detail, such as the optimal timing and course of JAKi treatment, individualized medication strategies based on pharmacogenomics, and the effect of combined medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, People's Rep. of China
| | - Jinniu Deng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
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13
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Németh T, Nagy G, Pap T. Synovial fibroblasts as potential drug targets in rheumatoid arthritis, where do we stand and where shall we go? Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:annrheumdis-2021-222021. [PMID: 35715191 PMCID: PMC9279838 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-222021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes or synovial fibroblasts (FLS) are important cellular components of the inner layer of the joint capsule, referred to as the synovial membrane. They can be found in both layers of this synovial membrane and contribute to normal joint function by producing extracellular matrix components and lubricants. However, under inflammatory conditions like in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), they may start to proliferate, undergo phenotypical changes and become central elements in the perpetuation of inflammation through their direct and indirect destructive functions. Their importance in autoimmune joint disorders makes them attractive cellular targets, and as mesenchymal-derived cells, their inhibition may be carried out without immunosuppressive consequences. Here, we aim to give an overview of our current understanding of the target potential of these cells in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, Münster, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes significant morbidity. Application of cellular profiling techniques such as single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics has uncovered novel pathogenic cell types in RA joint tissues and revealed marked heterogeneity in the cellular composition among RA patients. Together, these insights provide exciting opportunities to translate discoveries into precision medicine in RA. The present review aims to highlight novel insights into RA pathology and discuss key steps needed to translate these discoveries into actionable changes in clinical practice. We review the efforts to identify surrogate biomarkers that could be used to predict RA synovial tissue phenotypes and the corresponding responses to therapy. Finally, we discuss the opportunity to develop novel patient-derived organoid systems as a platform for therapeutic target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Bhamidipati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
| | - Kevin Wei
- Center for Cellular Profiling - Single Cell Multiomics Core, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
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15
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Zhao S, Grieshaber-Bouyer R, Rao DA, Kolb P, Chen H, Andreeva I, Tretter T, Lorenz HM, Watzl C, Wabnitz G, Tykocinski LO, Merkt W. Effect of JAK Inhibition on the Induction of Proinflammatory HLA-DR+CD90+ Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts by Interferon-γ. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:441-452. [PMID: 34435471 PMCID: PMC9060076 DOI: 10.1002/art.41958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Findings from recent transcriptome analyses of the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have revealed that 15-fold expanded HLA-DR+CD90+ synovial fibroblasts potentially act as key mediators of inflammation. The reasons for the expansion of HLA-DR+CD90+ synovial fibroblasts are unclear, but genetic signatures indicate that interferon-γ (IFNγ) plays a central role in the generation of this fibroblast subset. The present study was undertaken to investigate the generation, function and therapeutically intended blockage of HLA-DR+CD90+ synovial fibroblasts. METHODS We combined functional assays using primary human materials and focused bioinformatic analyses of mass cytometry and transcriptomics patient data sets. RESULTS We detected enriched and activated Fcγ receptor type IIIa-positive (CD16+) NK cells in the synovial tissue from patients with active RA. Soluble immune complexes were recognized by CD16 in a newly described reporter cell model, a mechanism that could be contributing to the activation of natural killer (NK) cells in RA. In vitro, NK cell-derived IFNγ induced HLA-DR on CD90+ synovial fibroblasts, leading to an inflammatory, cytokine-secreting HLA-DR+CD90+ phenotype. HLA-DR+CD90+ synovial fibroblasts consecutively activated CD4+ T cells upon receptor crosslinking via superantigens. HLA-DR+CD90+ synovial fibroblasts also activated CD4+ T cells in the absence of superantigens, an effect that was initiated by NK cell-derived IFNγ and that was 4 times stronger in patients with RA compared to patients with osteoarthritis. Finally, JAK inhibition in synovial fibroblasts prevented HLA-DR induction and blocked proinflammatory signals to T cells. CONCLUSION The HLA-DR+CD90+ phenotype represents an activation state of synovial fibroblasts during the process of inflammation in RA that can be induced by IFNγ, likely generated from infiltrating leukocytes such as activated NK cells. The induction of these proinflammatory, interleukin-6-producing, and likely antigen-presenting synovial fibroblasts can be targeted by JAK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Deepak A. Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Haizhang Chen
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Andreeva
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Tretter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido Wabnitz
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Tykocinski
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Merkt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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16
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Luo SC, Zheng X, Kankala RK, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Advances in Engineered Three-Dimensional (3D) Body Articulation Unit Models. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:213-235. [PMID: 35087267 PMCID: PMC8789231 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s344036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indeed, the body articulation units, commonly referred to as body joints, play significant roles in the musculoskeletal system, enabling body flexibility. Nevertheless, these articulation units suffer from several pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis, gout, and psoriatic arthritis. There exist several treatment modalities based on the utilization of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, which can reduce or control the pathophysiological symptoms. Despite the success, these treatment modalities suffer from major shortcomings of enormous cost and poor recovery, limiting their applicability and requiring promising strategies. To address these limitations, several engineering strategies have been emerged as promising solutions in fabricating the body articulation as unit models towards local articulation repair for tissue regeneration and high-throughput screening for drug development. In this article, we present challenges related to the selection of biomaterials (natural and synthetic sources), construction of 3D articulation models (scaffold-free, scaffold-based, and organ-on-a-chip), architectural designs (microfluidics, bioprinting, electrospinning, and biomineralization), and the type of culture conditions (growth factors and active peptides). Then, we emphasize the applicability of these articulation units for emerging biomedical applications of drug screening and tissue repair/regeneration. In conclusion, we put forward the challenges and difficulties for the further clinical application of the in vitro 3D articulation unit models in terms of the long-term high activity of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chang Luo
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Joyo Y, Kawaguchi Y, Yonezu H, Senda H, Yasuma S, Shiraga H, Nozaki M, Aoyama M, Asai K, Murakami H, Waguri-Nagaya Y. The Janus kinase inhibitor (baricitinib) suppresses the rheumatoid arthritis active marker gliostatin/thymidine phosphorylase in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Immunol Res 2022; 70:208-215. [PMID: 35014010 PMCID: PMC8917024 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gliostatin/thymidine phosphorylase (GLS/TP) is known to have angiogenic and arthritogenic activities in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The novel oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor baricitinib has demonstrated high efficacy in RA. However, the effect of baricitinib on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), a key component of invasive synovitis, has not been still elucidated. This study investigated whether GLS/TP production could be regulated by JAK/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling in FLSs derived from patients with RA. FLSs were cultured and stimulated by interferon (IFN)γ in the presence of baricitinib. Expression levels of GLS/TP were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunocytochemistry. Phosphorylation of STAT proteins was investigated by Western blot. In cultured FLSs, GLS/TP mRNA and protein levels were significantly induced by treatment with IFNγ and these inductions were suppressed by baricitinib treatment. Baricitinib inhibited IFNγ-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, while JAK/STAT activation played a pivotal role in IFNγ-mediated GLS/TP upregulation in RA. These results suggested that baricitinib suppressed IFNγ-induced GLS/TP expression by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling, resulting in the attenuation of neovascularization, synovial inflammation, and cartilage destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Joyo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Wakamizu 1, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8547, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.,Department of Glial Cell Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yonezu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroya Senda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Wakamizu 1, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8547, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Yasuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Wakamizu 1, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8547, Japan
| | - Hiroo Shiraga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Wakamizu 1, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8547, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Asai
- Department of Glial Cell Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hideki Murakami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuko Waguri-Nagaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Wakamizu 1, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8547, Japan.
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18
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Symons RA, Colella F, Collins FL, Rafipay AJ, Kania K, McClure JJ, White N, Cunningham I, Ashraf S, Hay E, Mackenzie KS, Howard KA, Riemen AHK, Manzo A, Clark SM, Roelofs AJ, De Bari C. Targeting the IL-6-Yap-Snail signalling axis in synovial fibroblasts ameliorates inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 81:214-224. [PMID: 34844926 PMCID: PMC8762018 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to understand the role of the transcriptional co-factor Yes-associated protein (Yap) in the molecular pathway underpinning the pathogenic transformation of synovial fibroblasts (SF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to become invasive and cause joint destruction. Methods Synovium from patients with RA and mice with antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was analysed by immunostaining and qRT-PCR. SF were targeted using Pdgfrα-CreER and Gdf5-Cre mice, crossed with fluorescent reporters for cell tracing and Yap-flox mice for conditional Yap ablation. Fibroblast phenotypes were analysed by flow cytometry, and arthritis severity was assessed by histology. Yap activation was detected using Yap–Tead reporter cells and Yap–Snail interaction by proximity ligation assay. SF invasiveness was analysed using matrigel-coated transwells. Results Yap, its binding partner Snail and downstream target connective tissue growth factor were upregulated in hyperplastic human RA and in mouse AIA synovium, with Yap detected in SF but not macrophages. Lineage tracing showed polyclonal expansion of Pdgfrα-expressing SF during AIA, with predominant expansion of the Gdf5-lineage SF subpopulation descending from the embryonic joint interzone. Gdf5-lineage SF showed increased expression of Yap and adopted an erosive phenotype (podoplanin+Thy-1 cell surface antigen−), invading cartilage and bone. Conditional ablation of Yap in Gdf5-lineage cells or Pdgfrα-expressing fibroblasts ameliorated AIA. Interleukin (IL)-6, but not tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or IL-1β, Jak-dependently activated Yap and induced Yap–Snail interaction. SF invasiveness induced by IL-6 stimulation or Snail overexpression was prevented by Yap knockdown, showing a critical role for Yap in SF transformation in RA. Conclusions Our findings uncover the IL-6–Yap–Snail signalling axis in pathogenic SF in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Symons
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fabio Colella
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fraser L Collins
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alexandra J Rafipay
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Karolina Kania
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jessica J McClure
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nathan White
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Iain Cunningham
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sadaf Ashraf
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hay
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kevin S Mackenzie
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna H K Riemen
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Antonio Manzo
- Rheumatology and Translational Immunology Research Laboratories (LaRIT), Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Susan M Clark
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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19
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Targeting of Janus Kinases Limits Pro-Inflammatory but Also Immunosuppressive Circuits in the Crosstalk between Synovial Fibroblasts and Lymphocytes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101413. [PMID: 34680530 PMCID: PMC8533088 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between synovial fibroblasts (SF) and immune cells plays a central role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have proven efficacy in the treatment of RA, although clinical responses are heterogeneous. Currently, little is known regarding how JAKi affect pro- and anti-inflammatory circuits in the bidirectional interplay between SF and immune cells. Here, we examined the effects of tofacitinib, baricitinib and upadacitinib on crosstalk between SF and T or B lymphocytes in vitro and compared them with those of biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). JAKi dose-dependently suppressed cytokine secretion of T helper (Th) cells and decreased interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 secretion of SF stimulated by Th cells. Importantly, JAK inhibition attenuated the enhanced memory response of chronically stimulated SF. Vice versa, JAKi reduced the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)1-mediated suppression of T cell-proliferation by SF. Remarkably, certain bDMARDs were as efficient as JAKi in suppressing the IL-6 and MMP3 secretion of SF stimulated by Th (adalimumab, secukinumab) or B cells (canakinumab) and combining bDMARDs with JAKi had synergistic effects. In conclusion, JAKi limit pro-inflammatory circuits in the crosstalk between SF and lymphocytes; however, they also weaken the immunosuppressive functions of SF. Both effects were dose-dependent and may contribute to heterogeneity in clinical response to treatment.
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Assadiasl S, Fatahi Y, Mosharmovahed B, Mohebbi B, Nicknam MH. Baricitinib: From Rheumatoid Arthritis to COVID-19. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 61:1274-1285. [PMID: 33870531 PMCID: PMC8250677 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Baricitinib is a JAK1/2 inhibitor that was first approved for treating moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but that later showed considerable efficacy in the control of exaggerated inflammatory responses that occur in a wide range of diseases. There is a growing body of evidence, obtained from clinical trials and case reports, demonstrating clinical and paraclinical improvement in patients following administration of baricitinib including RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, interferon‐mediated autoinflammatory diseases, graft‐versus‐host disease, diabetic kidney disease, and, recently, coronavirus disease‐19. However, despite overall encouraging results, many adverse effects have been observed in baricitinib‐treated patients, ranging from simple infections to increased risk of malignancies, particularly in long‐term use. The significant efficacy of baricitinib, versus the probable adverse effects, urge further investigation before establishing it as a part of standard therapeutic protocols. Here, we have provided a review of the studies that have used baricitinib for treating various inflammatory disorders and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Assadiasl
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Mosharmovahed
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Mohebbi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Ji M, Ryu HJ, Hong JH. Signalling and putative therapeutic molecules on the regulation of synoviocyte signalling in rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:285-297. [PMID: 33890482 PMCID: PMC8077181 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.104.bjr-2020-0331.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical and chronic polyarthritis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes are mainly involved in joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction by inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in RA. Approaches that induce various cellular growth alterations of synoviocytes are considered as potential strategies for treating RA. However, since synoviocytes play a critical role in RA, the mechanism and hyperplastic modulation of synoviocytes and their motility need to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the alteration of synoviocyte signalling and cell fate provided by signalling proteins, various antioxidant molecules, enzymes, compounds, clinical candidates, to understand the pathology of the synoviocytes, and finally to achieve developed therapeutic strategies of RA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(4):285–297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Ryu
- Department of Rheumatology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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22
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Damerau A, Gaber T. Modeling Rheumatoid Arthritis In Vitro: From Experimental Feasibility to Physiological Proximity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217916. [PMID: 33113770 PMCID: PMC7663779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, and systemic autoimmune disease that affects the connective tissue and primarily the joints. If not treated, RA ultimately leads to progressive cartilage and bone degeneration. The etiology of the pathogenesis of RA is unknown, demonstrating heterogeneity in its clinical presentation, and is associated with autoantibodies directed against modified self-epitopes. Although many models already exist for RA for preclinical research, many current model systems of arthritis have limited predictive value because they are either based on animals of phylogenetically distant origin or suffer from overly simplified in vitro culture conditions. These limitations pose considerable challenges for preclinical research and therefore clinical translation. Thus, a sophisticated experimental human-based in vitro approach mimicking RA is essential to (i) investigate key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of human RA, (ii) identify targets for new therapeutic approaches, (iii) test these approaches, (iv) facilitate the clinical transferability of results, and (v) reduce the use of laboratory animals. Here, we summarize the most commonly used in vitro models of RA and discuss their experimental feasibility and physiological proximity to the pathophysiology of human RA to highlight new human-based avenues in RA research to increase our knowledge on human pathophysiology and develop effective targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Damerau
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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23
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Innate immune response in systemic autoimmune diseases: a potential target of therapy. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1421-1438. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis (IA) refers to a group of chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and other spondyloarthritis (SpA). IA is characterized by autoimmune-mediated joint inflammation and is associated with inflammatory cytokine networks. Innate lymphocytes, including innate-like lymphocytes (ILLs) expressing T or B cell receptors and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play important roles in the initiation of host immune responses against self-antigens and rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines upon stimulation. TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)-α, IFN (Interferon)-γ, Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13), IL-17A, IL-22, and GM-CSF are involved in IA and are secreted by ILLs and ILCs. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of ILL and ILC phenotypes, cytokine production and functions in IA. A better understanding of the roles of ILLs and ILCs in IA initiation and development will ultimately provide insights into developing effective strategies for the clinical treatment of IA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyao Wu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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25
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Luque-Martin R, Mander PK, Leenen PJM, Winther MPJ. Classic and new mediators for in vitro modelling of human macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:549-560. [PMID: 32592421 PMCID: PMC7984372 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru0620-018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells in the activation and regulation of immune responses. These cells are present in all tissues under homeostatic conditions and in many disease settings. Macrophages can exhibit a wide range of phenotypes depending on local and systemic cues that drive the differentiation and activation process. Macrophage heterogeneity is also defined by their ontogeny. Tissue macrophages can either derive from circulating blood monocytes or are seeded as tissue-resident macrophages during embryonic development. In humans, the study of in vivo-generated macrophages is often difficult with laborious and cell-changing isolation procedures. Therefore, translatable, reproducible, and robust in vitro models for human macrophages in health and disease are necessary. Most of the methods for studying monocyte-derived macrophages are based on the use of limited factors to differentiate the monocytes into macrophages. Current knowledge shows that the in vivo situation is more complex, and a wide range of molecules in the tissue microenvironment promote and impact on monocyte to macrophage differentiation as well as activation. In this review, macrophage heterogeneity is discussed and the human in vitro models that can be applied for research, especially for monocyte-derived macrophages. We also focus on new molecules (IL-34, platelet factor 4, etc.) used to generate macrophages expressing different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Luque-Martin
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J Winther
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany
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26
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Burja B, Mertelj T, Frank-Bertoncelj M. Hi- JAKi-ng Synovial Fibroblasts in Inflammatory Arthritis With JAK Inhibitors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:124. [PMID: 32432116 PMCID: PMC7214667 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)-Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is one of the central signaling hubs in inflammatory, immune and cancer cells. Inhibiting the JAK-STAT pathway with JAK inhibitors (jakinibs) constitutes an important therapeutic strategy in cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). FDA has approved different jakinibs for the treatment of RA, including tofacitinib, baricitinib and upadacitinib, and several jakinibs are being tested in clinical trials. Here, we reviewed published studies of jakinib effects on resolving synovial pathology in inflammatory arthritis. We discussed the results of jakinibs on structural joint damage in clinical trials and explored the effects of jakinibs across different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo synovial experimental models. We delved rigorously into experimental designs of in vitro fibroblast studies, deconvoluted jakinib efficacy in synovial fibroblasts across diverse experimental conditions and discussed their translatability in vivo. Synovial fibroblasts can readily activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in response to cytokine stimulation. We highlighted rather limited effects of jakinibs on the in vitro cultured synovial fibroblasts and inferred that direct and indirect (immune cell-dependent) actions of jakinibs are required to curb the fibroblast pathology in vivo. These actions have not been mimicked optimally in current in vitro experimental designs, where inflammatory stimuli do not naturally clear out with treatment as they do in vivo. While summarizing the broad knowledge of synovial jakinib effects, our review uniquely challenges future study designs to better mimick the jakinib actions in broader cell communities, as occurring in vivo in the inflamed synovium. This can deepen our understanding of collective synovial activities of jakinibs and their therapeutic limitations, thereby fostering jakinib development in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Burja
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tonja Mertelj
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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27
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Rheumatic manifestations of chikungunya: emerging concepts and interventions. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:597-611. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Ikari Y, Isozaki T, Tsubokura Y, Kasama T. Peficitinib Inhibits the Chemotactic Activity of Monocytes via Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060561. [PMID: 31181818 PMCID: PMC6627593 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was performed to examine the effects of the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor peficitinib on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: To examine the expression of JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3 in RA synovial tissue (ST) and FLS, immunohistochemistry was performed. We investigated the effects of peficitinib on interleukin 6 and IL-6 receptor responses in RA FLS. Phosphorylation of STAT was determined by western blot. To examine the functional analysis of peficitinib, we performed a proliferation and chemotaxis assays with FLS using THP-1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The inflammatory mediator expression of FLS was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3 were expressed in RA STs and FLS. Phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in RA FLS was suppressed by peficitinib in a concentration-dependent manner. Peficitinib-treated RA FLS-conditioned medium reduced THP-1 and PBMC migration (p < 0.05) and proliferation of RA FLS (p < 0.05). Peficitinib suppressed the secretion of MCP-1/CCL2 in the RA FLS supernatant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Peficitinib suppressed the JAK-STAT pathway in RA FLS and also suppressed monocyte chemotaxis and proliferation of FLS through inhibition of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Ikari
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Takeo Isozaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Yumi Tsubokura
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kasama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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29
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Kubo S, Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Baricitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a 2019 update. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:693-700. [PMID: 30987474 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1608821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: JAK, which constitutively binds to some cytokine receptors, plays an important role in cytokine signaling. While JAK is comprised of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and Tyk2, more than 40 types of cytokines transmit signals through JAK. Baricitinib is reported to be highly effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is the second drug launched as a JAK inhibitor for RA. Area covered: We provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of baricitinib and its clinical implications in RA and other autoimmune diseases based on recent reports. This review outlines the mechanisms of action of baricitinib on human immune cells, the results of Phase III trials for RA, and the results of Phase II trials on SLE. Expert opinion: Baricitinib has potential to fine-tune various immune networks through a variety of mechanisms. Precision medicine is required in order to achieve maximum effects of targeted synthetic DMARDs including baricitinib and biological DMARDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kubo
- a The First Department of Internal Medicine , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- a The First Department of Internal Medicine , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- a The First Department of Internal Medicine , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Fukuoka , Japan
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30
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Ouboussad L, Burska AN, Melville A, Buch MH. Synovial Tissue Heterogeneity in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Changes With Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Therapies to Inform Stratified Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:45. [PMID: 30941350 PMCID: PMC6433846 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been transformed with the introduction of biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARD) and more recently, targeted synthetic DMARD (tsDMARD) therapies in the form of janus-kinase inhibitors. Nevertheless, response to these agents varies such that a trial and error approach is adopted; leading to poor patient quality of life, and long-term outcomes. There is thus an urgent need to identify effective biomarkers to guide treatment selection. A wealth of research has been invested in this field but with minimal progress. Increasingly recognized is the importance of evaluating synovial tissue, the primary site of RA, as opposed to peripheral blood-based investigation. In this mini-review, we summarize the literature supporting synovial tissue heterogeneity, the conceptual basis for stratified therapy. This includes recognition of distinct synovial pathobiological subtypes and associated molecular pathways. We also review synovial tissue studies that have been conducted to evaluate the effect of individual bDMARD and tsDMARD on the cellular and molecular characteristics, with a view to identifying tissue predictors of response. Initial observations are being brought into the clinical trial landscape with stratified biopsy trials to validate toward implementation. Furthermore, development of tissue based omics technology holds still more promise in advancing our understanding of disease processes and guiding future drug selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lylia Ouboussad
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Agata N. Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Melville
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Maya H. Buch
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
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31
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