1
|
Guthrie TD, Chavez RS. Normativity vs. uniqueness: effects of social relationship strength on neural representations of others. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae045. [PMID: 38915187 PMCID: PMC11232616 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding others involves inferring traits and intentions, a process complicated by our reliance on stereotypes and generalized information when we lack personal information. Yet, as relationships are formed, we shift toward nuanced and individualized perceptions of others. This study addresses how relationship strength influences the creation of unique or normative representations of others in key regions known to be involved in social cognition. Employing a round-robin interpersonal perception paradigm (N = 111, 20 groups of five to six people), we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether the strength of social relationships modulated the degree to which multivoxel patterns of activity that represented a specific other were similar to a normative average of all others in the study. Behaviorally, stronger social relationships were associated with more normative trait endorsements. Neural findings reveal that closer relationships lead to more unique representations in the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior insula, areas associated with mentalizing and person perception. Conversely, more generalized representations emerge in posterior regions like the posterior cingulate cortex, indicating a complex interplay between individuated and generalized processing of social information in the brain. These findings suggest that cortical regions typically associated with social cognition may compute different kinds of information when representing the distinctiveness of others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor D Guthrie
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Robert S Chavez
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghirelli A, Spinelli EG, Canu E, Basaia S, Castelnovo V, Cecchetti G, Sibilla E, Domi T, Magnani G, Caso F, Caroppo P, Prioni S, Villa C, Rossi G, Tremolizzo L, Appollonio I, Verde F, Ticozzi N, Silani V, Filippi M, Agosta F. Clinical and neuroanatomical characterization of the semantic behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia in a multicenter Italian cohort. J Neurol 2024; 271:4203-4215. [PMID: 38597943 PMCID: PMC11233398 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semantic behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (sbvFTD) is a neurodegenerative condition presenting with specific behavioral and semantic derangements and predominant atrophy of the right anterior temporal lobe (ATL). The objective was to evaluate clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and genetic features of an Italian sbvFTD cohort, defined according to recently proposed guidelines, compared to semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) patients. METHODS Fifteen sbvFTD, sixty-three bvFTD, and twenty-five svPPA patients and forty controls were enrolled. Patients underwent clinical, cognitive evaluations, and brain MRI. Symptoms of bvFTD patients between onset and first visit were retrospectively recorded and classified as early and late. Grey matter atrophy was investigated using voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS sbvFTD experienced early criteria-specific symptoms: world, object and person-specific semantic loss (67%), complex compulsions and rigid thought (60%). Sequentially, more behavioral symptoms emerged (apathy/inertia, loss of empathy) along with non-criteria-specific symptoms (anxiety, suspiciousness). sbvFTD showed sparing of attentive/executive functions, especially compared to bvFTD and better language functions compared to svPPA. All sbvFTD patients failed at the famous face recognition test and more than 80% failed in understanding written metaphors and humor. At MRI, sbvFTD had predominant right ATL atrophy, almost specular to svPPA. Three sbvFTD patients presented pathogenic genetic variants. CONCLUSION We replicated the application of sbvFTD diagnostic guidelines in an independent Italian cohort, demonstrating that the presence of person-specific semantic knowledge loss and mental rigidity, along with preserved executive functions and a predominant right ATL atrophy with sparing of frontal lobes, should prompt a diagnosis of sbvFTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Ghirelli
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gioele Spinelli
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Basaia
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Castelnovo
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giordano Cecchetti
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sibilla
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Teuta Domi
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magnani
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Caso
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Caroppo
- Unit of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Prioni
- Unit of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Villa
- Unit of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Unit of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital and University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital and University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- "Dino Ferrari" Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- "Dino Ferrari" Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- "Dino Ferrari" Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Service, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cristofori I, Cohen-Zimerman S, Krueger F, Jabbarinejad R, Delikishkina E, Gordon B, Beuriat PA, Grafman J. Studying the social mind: An updated summary of findings from the Vietnam Head Injury Study. Cortex 2024; 174:164-188. [PMID: 38552358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Lesion mapping studies allow us to evaluate the potential causal contribution of specific brain areas to human cognition and complement other cognitive neuroscience methods, as several authors have recently pointed out. Here, we present an updated summary of the findings from the Vietnam Head Injury Study (VHIS) focusing on the studies conducted over the last decade, that examined the social mind and its intricate neural and cognitive underpinnings. The VHIS is a prospective, long-term follow-up study of Vietnam veterans with penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) and healthy controls (HC). The scope of the work is to present the studies from the latest phases (3 and 4) of the VHIS, 70 studies since 2011, when the Raymont et al. paper was published (Raymont et al., 2011). These studies have contributed to our understanding of human social cognition, including political and religious beliefs, theory of mind, but also executive functions, intelligence, and personality. This work finally discusses the usefulness of lesion mapping as an approach to understanding the functions of the human brain from basic science and clinical perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cristofori
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, Bron, France; University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Shira Cohen-Zimerman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Roxana Jabbarinejad
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ekaterina Delikishkina
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Barry Gordon
- Cognitive Neurology/Neuropsychology Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.
| | - Pierre-Aurélien Beuriat
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, Bron, France; University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France.
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsomokos DI, Flouri E. The role of social cognition in mental health trajectories from childhood to adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:771-786. [PMID: 37000247 PMCID: PMC10894108 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between an aspect of Theory of Mind in childhood, false-belief understanding, and trajectories of internalising (emotional and peer) and externalising (conduct and hyperactivity) problems in childhood and adolescence. The sample was 8408 children from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, followed at ages 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 years. Social cognitive abilities were measured at 5 and 7 years through a vignette version of the Sally-Anne task administered by an unfamiliar assessor in a socially demanding dyadic interaction. Internalising and externalising problems were measured via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 7-17 years. Using latent growth modelling, and after controlling for sex, ethnicity, maternal education, verbal ability, and time-varying family income, we found that superior social cognitive abilities predicted a decrease in emotional problems over time. In sex-stratified analyses, they predicted decreasing conduct problem trajectories in females and lower levels of conduct problems at baseline in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris I Tsomokos
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lyu 吕奕洲 Y, Su 苏紫杉 Z, Neumann D, Meidenbauer KL, Leong 梁元彰 YC. Hostile Attribution Bias Shapes Neural Synchrony in the Left Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex during Ambiguous Social Narratives. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1252232024. [PMID: 38316561 PMCID: PMC10904091 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1252-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hostile attribution bias refers to the tendency to interpret social situations as intentionally hostile. While previous research has focused on its developmental origins and behavioral consequences, the underlying neural mechanisms remain underexplored. Here, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the neural correlates of hostile attribution bias. While undergoing fNIRS, male and female participants listened to and provided attribution ratings for 21 hypothetical scenarios where a character's actions resulted in a negative outcome for the listener. Ratings of hostile intentions were averaged to measure hostile attribution bias. Using intersubject representational similarity analysis, we found that participants with similar levels of hostile attribution bias exhibited higher levels of neural synchrony during narrative listening, suggesting shared interpretations of the scenarios. This effect was localized to the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and was particularly prominent in scenarios where the character's intentions were highly ambiguous. We then grouped participants into high and low bias groups based on a median split of their hostile attribution bias scores. A similarity-based classifier trained on the neural data classified participants as having high or low bias with 75% accuracy, indicating that the neural time courses during narrative listening was systematically different between the two groups. Furthermore, hostile attribution bias correlated negatively with attributional complexity, a measure of one's tendency to consider multifaceted causes when explaining behavior. Our study sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying hostile attribution bias and highlights the potential of using fNIRS to develop nonintrusive and cost-effective neural markers of this sociocognitive bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Lyu 吕奕洲
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, Illinois
| | - Zishan Su 苏紫杉
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, Illinois
| | - Dawn Neumann
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
| | | | - Yuan Chang Leong 梁元彰
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, Illinois
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Myznikov A, Korotkov A, Zheltyakova M, Kiselev V, Masharipov R, Bursov K, Yagmurov O, Votinov M, Cherednichenko D, Didur M, Kireev M. Dark triad personality traits are associated with decreased grey matter volumes in 'social brain' structures. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1326946. [PMID: 38282838 PMCID: PMC10811166 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1326946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personality traits and the degree of their prominence determine various aspects of social interactions. Some of the most socially relevant traits constitute the Dark Triad - narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism - associated with antisocial behaviour, disregard for moral norms, and a tendency to manipulation. Sufficient data point at the existence of Dark Triad 'profiles' distinguished by trait prominence. Currently, neuroimaging studies have mainly concentrated on the neuroanatomy of individual dark traits, while the Dark Triad profile structure has been mostly overlooked. Methods We performed a clustering analysis of the Dirty Dozen Dark Triad questionnaire scores of 129 healthy subjects using the k-means method. The variance ratio criterion (VRC) was used to determine the optimal number of clusters for the current data. The two-sample t-test within the framework of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to test the hypothesised differences in grey matter volume (GMV) for the obtained groups. Results Clustering analysis revealed 2 groups of subjects, both with low-to-mid and mid-to-high levels of Dark Triad traits prominence. A further VBM analysis of these groups showed that a higher level of Dark Triad traits may manifest itself in decreased grey matter volumes in the areas related to emotional regulation (the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex), as well as those included in the reward system (the ventral striatum, the orbitofrontal cortex). Discussion The obtained results shed light on the neurobiological basis underlying social interactions associated with the Dark Triad and its profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Myznikov
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Korotkov
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maya Zheltyakova
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kiselev
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ruslan Masharipov
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill Bursov
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Orazmurad Yagmurov
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Votinov
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Denis Cherednichenko
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Didur
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Kireev
- Russian Academy of Science, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Choy O, Tan G, Wong YC. The Effect of Multi-Session Prefrontal Cortical Stimulation on Aggression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Trial. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1729. [PMID: 37629586 PMCID: PMC10455646 DOI: 10.3390/life13081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings from brain imaging studies investigating the neural underpinnings of antisocial behavior have implicated the prefrontal cortex in the regulation of aggressive reactions. However, relatively few studies have examined the role of the prefrontal cortex on aggression in an experimental way. This study examines whether upregulating the prefrontal cortex using repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduces aggressive behavior. In a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 88 healthy adults (42 males, 46 females) were assigned to one session of anodal tDCS over the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (n = 47) or sham stimulation (n = 41) per day for three consecutive days and assessed using a behavioral measure of aggression. Levels of aggressive responses post-intervention did not significantly differ between the active and sham stimulation groups. However, a significant interaction effect between the stimulation group and gender was observed, whereby males, but not females, exhibited reduced aggression after prefrontal stimulation. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effect of multi-session prefrontal tDCS on aggressive behavior in healthy adults. Results highlight that there are differences in responsivity to tDCS in modifying aggressive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Choy
- Department of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818, Singapore;
| | - Gary Tan
- Department of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818, Singapore;
| | - Yen Cong Wong
- Centre for Research on Successful Ageing, School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 10 Canning Rise, Level 5, Singapore 179873, Singapore;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Xu M, Yang X, Yang Y. Individual Differences in Emotion Attenuation Brought by Indirect Replies Is Related to Resting-State Brain Activity. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1053. [PMID: 37508985 PMCID: PMC10377414 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During daily conversations, people prefer indirect replies in face-threatening situations. Existent studies have indicated that recipients tend to perceive the information conveyed by indirect replies as negative and emotion regions are engaged in indirect replies processing in face-threatening situations. In this study, we examined whether indirect replies can reduce recipients' experience of negative emotion and what are the underlying cerebral structures that may give rise to individual differences in the effectiveness of such replies in attenuating negative emotion. Behavior ratings and resting-stating functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) techniques were combined to explore these questions. We created dialogues expressing refusal or negative opinion with direct/indirect replies. Participants were asked to rate their emotional valence and arousal when they received such replies. The rating scores were used to correlate with spontaneous brain activity. Results showed that indirect replies indeed attenuated recipients' negative emotion experience. Moreover, the left caudate, the right anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and the connectivity of rACC and left medial prefrontal cortex (lmPFC) were found to be positively correlated to individual differences in such emotion attenuation. Our findings provide direct empirical evidence for the face-saving function of indirect replies and reveal that the intrinsic brain activities of emotion network and theory of mind (ToM) network are related to individual differences in such emotion attenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zhang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Maoyao Xu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Torregrossa W, Raciti L, Rifici C, Rizzo G, Raciti G, Casella C, Naro A, Calabrò RS. Behavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Overview. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051449. [PMID: 37239120 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an altered brain structure or function produced by an external force. Adults surviving moderate and severe TBI often experience long-lasting neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPS). NPS can occur as primary psychiatric complications or could be an exacerbation of pre-existing compensated conditions. It has been shown that changes in behavior following moderate to severe TBI have a prevalence rate of 25-88%, depending on the methodology used by the different studies. Most of current literature has found that cognitive behavioral and emotional deficit following TBI occurs within the first six months whereas after 1-2 years the condition becomes stable. Identifying the risk factors for poor outcome is the first step to reduce the sequelae. Patients with TBI have an adjusted relative risk of developing any NPS several-fold higher than in the general population after six months of moderate-severe TBI. All NPS features of an individual's life, including social, working, and familiar relationships, may be affected by the injury, with negative consequences on quality of life. This overview aims to investigate the most frequent psychiatric, behavioral, and emotional symptoms in patients suffering from TBI as to improve the clinical practice and tailor a more specific rehabilitation training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Torregrossa
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Palermo S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Loredana Raciti
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Palermo S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Rifici
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Palermo S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rizzo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Raciti
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Palermo S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Casella
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Naro
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Palermo S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kieckhaefer C, Schilbach L, Bzdok D. Social belonging: brain structure and function is linked to membership in sports teams, religious groups, and social clubs. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4405-4420. [PMID: 36161309 PMCID: PMC10110433 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human behavior across the life span is driven by the psychological need to belong, right from kindergarten to bingo nights. Being part of social groups constitutes a backbone for communal life and confers many benefits for the physical and mental health. Capitalizing on the neuroimaging and behavioral data from ∼40,000 participants from the UK Biobank population cohort, we used structural and functional analyses to explore how social participation is reflected in the human brain. Across 3 different types of social groups, structural analyses point toward the variance in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex as structural substrates tightly linked to social participation. Functional connectivity analyses not only emphasized the importance of default mode and limbic network but also showed differences for sports teams and religious groups as compared to social clubs. Taken together, our findings establish the structural and functional integrity of the default mode network as a neural signature of social belonging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kieckhaefer
- LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University, Bavariaring 19, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, 3801 rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, 6666 rue Saint-Urbain, Montreal, Quebec H2S 3H1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lohaus T, Rogalla S, Thoma P. Use of Technologies in the Therapy of Social Cognition Deficits in Neurological and Mental Diseases: A Systematic Review. Telemed J E Health 2023; 29:331-351. [PMID: 35532968 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This article systematically reviews the effects of technology-based (TB) treatments on impaired social cognition (SC) in neurological and mental disorders. Methods: Strictly adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was carried out in PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science (last search: April 22, 2021) to identify studies that, implementing a control group design, evaluated TB treatments targeting deficits in emotion recognition, Theory of Mind (ToM) and social behavior in adult patients with nondevelopmental and nonprogressive neurological or mental disorders. Risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro Scale, certainty assessment followed the GRADE approach. Results: Sixteen studies involving 857 patients, all focusing on psychotic disorders, were retrieved. The most pronounced effects were observed concerning emotion recognition with all studies revealing overall improvements. Regarding ToM and social behavior, results were mixed. However, the number of studies including outcome measures for these domains, is significantly lower compared to the domain of emotion recognition, limiting the validity of the results. Risk of bias and certainty assessment revealed further limitations of evidence. Conclusion: TB treatment achieves positive effects especially with regard to emotion recognition impairments, at least for patients with schizophrenia. Future research should expand the evaluation of TB training of other SC domains, ought to be carried out in more diverse patient populations, rely on different devices, and include follow-up measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lohaus
- Neuropsychological Therapy Centre (NTC), Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sally Rogalla
- Neuropsychological Therapy Centre (NTC), Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrizia Thoma
- Neuropsychological Therapy Centre (NTC), Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Face your heart: resting vagally mediated Heart Rate Variability Shapes Social Attributions from facial appearance. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPhylogenetic theories suggest resting vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) as a biomarker for adaptive behavior in social encounters. Until now, no study has examined whether vmHRV can predict individual differences in inferring personality traits and intentions from facial appearance. To test this hypothesis, resting vmHRV was recorded in 83 healthy individuals before they rated a series of faces based on their first impression of trustworthiness, dominance, typicality, familiarity, caring, and attractiveness. We found an association between individual differences in vmHRV and social attributions from facial appearance. Specifically, higher levels of vmHRV predicted higher scores on ratings of caring and trustworthiness, suggesting that strangers’ faces are more likely to be perceived as safer. The present results suggest that higher levels of vmHRV (compared with lower levels of vmHRV) are associated with the tendency to minimize social evaluative threat and maximize affiliative social cues at a first glance of others’ faces.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tomasino B, Canderan C, Bonivento C, Rumiati RI. Attention to the other's body sensations modulates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6617746. [PMID: 35751298 PMCID: PMC9949495 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of Mind (ToM) is involved in experiencing the mental states and/or emotions of others. A further distinction can be drawn between emotion and perception/sensation. We investigated the mechanisms engaged when participants' attention is driven toward specific states. Accordingly, 21 right-handed healthy individuals performed a modified ToM task in which they reflected about someone's emotion or someone's body sensation, while they were in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The analysis of brain activity evoked by this task suggests that the two conditions engage a widespread common network previously found involved in affective ToM (temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), parietal cortex, dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), medial- prefrontal cortex (MPFC), Insula). Critically, the key brain result is that body sensation implicates selectively ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). The current findings suggest that only paying attention to the other's body sensations modulates a self-related representation (VMPFC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomasino
- Scientific Institute IRCCS 'Eugenio Medea', Polo FVG, Pasian di Prato (UD), Udine 33037, Italy
| | - Cinzia Canderan
- Scientific Institute IRCCS 'Eugenio Medea', Polo FVG, Pasian di Prato (UD), Udine 33037, Italy
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- Scientific Institute IRCCS 'Eugenio Medea', Polo FVG, Pasian di Prato (UD), Udine 33037, Italy
| | - Raffaella I Rumiati
- Neuroscience and Society Lab, Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34136, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garon N, Hecker O, Kwan A, Crocker TA, English SD. Integrated versus trial specific focus improves decision-making in older preschoolers. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:28-55. [PMID: 35430949 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2063269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of integrated-focus (focusing on a depiction of overall gains/losses) versus trial-focus (focusing on gains/losses at each trial) on choice in a preschool variant of the Iowa Gambling task. Participants included 65 preschoolers (M = 47.82, SD = 7.29). Children completed two versions of the Preschool Gambling task, three cool executive function tasks, a moral reasoning task, and an affective perspective taking task. The results indicated that while the integrated-focus condition led to improvement in the awareness of the game, the condition effect was moderated by age for decision-making choice; older preschoolers showed improvement in decision-making in the integrated focus condition, while younger preschoolers showed no condition effect. Further analysis indicated that differences in the increase of advantageous choice across blocks and the condition effect were partly explained by these differences in awareness. Furthermore, a component of cool executive function (shifting) was associated with the latter phase of decision-making. The findings additionally indicated an association of advantageous decision-making with moral/emotional measures, suggesting that the PGT may be a potentially useful clinical tool for early assessment. Finally, the findings of the current study have implications for how hot and cool executive function abilities may work together to enable adaptive decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Garon
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
| | - Olivia Hecker
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
| | - Andrea Kwan
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
| | - Terese A Crocker
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
| | - Sarah D English
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is associated with social and criminal transgressions; studies from countries around the world have documented such behavior in persons with this condition. An overview and analysis of social and criminal transgressions in bvFTD and their potential neurobiological mechanisms can provide a window for understanding the relationship of antisocial behavior and the brain. METHODS This review evaluated the literature on the frequency of social and criminal transgressions in bvFTD and the neurobiological disturbances that underlie them. RESULTS There is a high frequency of transgressions among patients with bvFTD due to impairments in neurocognition, such as social perception, behavioral regulation, and theory of mind, and impairments in social emotions, such as self-conscious emotions and empathy. Additionally, there is significant evidence for a specific impairment in an innate sense of morality. Alterations in these neurobiological processes result from predominantly right-hemisphere pathology in frontal (ventromedial, orbitofrontal, inferolateral frontal), anterior temporal (amygdala, temporal pole), limbic (anterior cingulate, amygdala), and insular regions. CONCLUSIONS Overlapping disturbances in neurocognition, social emotions, and moral reasoning result from disease in the mostly mesial and right-sided frontotemporal network necessary for responding emotionally to others and for behavioral control. With increased sophistication in neurobiological interventions, future goals may be the routine evaluation of these processes among individuals with bvFTD who engage in social and criminal transgressions and the targeting of these neurobiological mechanisms with behavioral, pharmacological, and other interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Mendez
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; and Neurology Service, Neurobehavior Unit, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gourlay C, Collin P, D'Auteuil C, Jacques M, Scherzer PB. A further study of the psychometric qualities of the Strange Stories-Revised across the three stages of aging. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35940197 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2109419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Happé's Strange Stories task was developed in 1994 to assess theory of mind, the ability to infer mental states in oneself and others. Since then, it has undergone revisions, translations, and adaptations. A modified version of the task, the Strange Stories-Revised (SS-R), previously showed satisfactory qualities in a study aiming at identifying psychometrically acceptable social cognitive measures. OBJECTIVE The current study expands upon the psychometric evaluation study by examining the qualities of a short version of the SS-R in a sample of healthy adult subjects. METHODS One hundred and eighteen healthy adults completed the task along with neurocognitive measures. Mean scores of the long and short versions were compared. Associations between ToM as measured by performance on this abbreviated version of the SS-R, and potential confounders were explored. Internal consistency, dimensionality of the short version, and performance comparisons across three stages of aging (18-34; 35-59; 60-85 years old) were investigated, and standard measurement error was calculated to improve precision and data interpretation. RESULTS Reliability coefficients were comparable in the short and long versions. Principal component analysis showed that a one-factor structure best fits the data. Significant differences were observed in ToM performance across the three age groups, indicating a decline with time that was also captured by the long version, starting during midlife and increasing in significance with age. CONCLUSION The short version of the SS-R is a promising measure that can be profitably used in time-limited settings to assess theory of mind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gourlay
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Pascal Collin
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Camille D'Auteuil
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie Jacques
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Peter B Scherzer
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sánchez Tombe JR. Lesions in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and their Impact on Social Cognition. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v31n2.88206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To identify the impact of ventromedial prefrontal cortex injury (vmPFC) on social cognition (SC) processes in a stroke patient in relation to a control group matched by age, gender and schooling. Possible associations between post-injury behavior and impacted neuropsychological attributes of emotion recognition, Theory of Mind (ToM), and empathy are discussed. Method: A patient with stroke in right vmPFC and 10 healthy participants completed different screening, neuropsychological assessment and SC tests. Results: Correlations were found between damage in vmPFC and alterations in affective ToM, working and retrograde memory, mood and relational alterations in the patient. Discrepancies were found with respect to other studies in relation to the laterality of the injury and the impact of cognitive and affective empathy which seems to be relatively intact. Conclusions: There is a need to clarify the role of affective ToM after acquired brain injury (ABI) in vmPFC. A protocol is needed to assess and intervene in aspects of ToM that would involve documenting strengths and deficits of ToM: inter and intrapersonal after an ABI. Similarly, there is a need to address the lateralization of different domains of function in vmPFC and their relationship to affective ToM.
How to cite: Sánchez Tombe, J. R. (2022). Lesions In The Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex And Their Impact On Social Cognition. Revista Colombiana de Psicología,31(2), 11-26. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v31n2.88206
Collapse
|
18
|
Hwang S, Martins JS, Douglas RJ, Choi JJ, Sinha R, Seo D. Irregular Autonomic Modulation Predicts Risky Drinking and Altered Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Response to Stress in Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:437-444. [PMID: 34491306 PMCID: PMC9270986 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Autonomic dysfunction has been associated with risky drinking and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Although autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been attributed to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC)-limbic-striatal regions, the specific role of ANS disruption in AUD and its association with these regions remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and concurrent electrocardiogram (ECG), the current study examined neural correlates of ANS activity in AUD and its role in AUD pathology. METHODS Demographically matched 20 AUD patients and 20 social drinkers (SD) completed an fMRI task involving repeated exposure to stress, alcohol-cue and neutral-relaxing images in a block design. Based on the known VmPFC-limbic-striatal functions involved in emotions, reward and the ANS, we performed a regions of interest (ROI) analysis to examine the associations between ANS activity and neural responses in the VmPFC, amygdala, and ventral striatum. RESULTS Across conditions, AUD patients showed significantly higher levels of overall heart rate (HR) and approximate entropy (ApEn) compared to SD (Ps < 0.05). In all participants, increased HR was associated with greater drinking volume (P < 0.05). In addition, higher ApEn levels were associated with greater drinking volume (P < 0.05) and decreased right VmPFC response to stress (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate ANS disruption in AUD indexed by high overall HR and ApEn. The association between ApEn and rVmPFC response suggests that ApEn may play a role in modulating drinking via interactions with neural regions of emotion regulation. These findings provide insight into patterns of ANS disruption and their relevance to AUD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungju Hwang
- Corresponding authors: 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. E-mail: ,
| | - Jorge S Martins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ryan J Douglas
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Justin J Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Dongju Seo
- Corresponding authors: 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee KM, Lee S, Satpute AB. Sinful pleasures and pious woes? Using fMRI to examine evaluative and hedonic emotion knowledge. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:986-994. [PMID: 35348768 PMCID: PMC9629474 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, lust and pride have been considered pleasurable, yet sinful in the West. Conversely, guilt is often considered aversive, yet valuable. These emotions illustrate how evaluations about specific emotions and beliefs about their hedonic properties may often diverge. Evaluations about specific emotions may shape important aspects of emotional life (e.g. in emotion regulation, emotion experience and acquisition of emotion concepts). Yet these evaluations are often understudied in affective neuroscience. Prior work in emotion regulation, affective experience, evaluation/attitudes and decision-making point to anterior prefrontal areas as candidates for supporting evaluative emotion knowledge. Thus, we examined the brain areas associated with evaluative and hedonic emotion knowledge, with a focus on the anterior prefrontal cortex. Participants (N = 25) made evaluative and hedonic ratings about emotion knowledge during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that greater activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) and precuneus was associated with an evaluative (vs hedonic) focus on emotion knowledge. Our results suggest that the mPFC and vmPFC, in particular, may play a role in evaluating discrete emotions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent M Lee
- Correspondence should be addressed to Kent M. Lee, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 125 Nightingale Hall, Boston, MA, USA. E-mail:
| | - SuhJin Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ajay B Satpute
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beuriat PA, Cohen-Zimerman S, Smith GNL, Krueger F, Gordon B, Grafman J. Evidence of the role of the cerebellum in cognitive theory of mind using voxel-based lesion mapping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4999. [PMID: 35322157 PMCID: PMC8943209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of Mind (ToM) is a social-cognitive skill that allows the understanding of the intentions, beliefs, and desires of others. There is a distinction between affective and cognitive ToM, with evidence showing that these processes rely on partially distinct neural networks. The role of the cerebellum in social cognition has only been rarely explored. In this study, we tested whether the cerebellum is necessary for cognitive and affective ToM performance. We investigated adults with traumatic brain injury (n = 193) and healthy controls (n = 52) using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) and by measuring the impact on functional connectivity. First, we observed that damage to the cerebellum affected pure Cognitive ToM processing. Further, we found a lateralization effect for the role of the cerebellum in cognitive ToM with participants with left cerebellar injury performing worse than those with right cerebellar injury. Both VLSM and standard statistical analysis provided evidence that left cerebellar Crus I and lobule VI contributed to ToM processing. Lastly, we found that disconnection of the left thalamic projection and the left fronto-striatal fasciculus was associated with poor cognitive ToM performance. Our study is the first to reveal direct causal neuropsychological evidence for a role of the cerebellum in some but not all types of ToM, processing. It reinforces the idea that social cognition relies on a complex network functionally connected through white matter pathways that include the cerebellum. It supports evidence that the neural networks underpinning the different types of ToM can be differentiated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Aurélien Beuriat
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. .,Rockfeller School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France.
| | - Shira Cohen-Zimerman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gretchen N L Smith
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barry Gordon
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Social bonding and music: Evidence from lesions to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Sci 2021; 44:e63. [PMID: 34588012 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x2000103x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The music and social bonding (MSB) hypothesis suggests that damage to brain regions in the proposed neurobiological model, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), would disrupt the social and emotional effects of music. This commentary evaluates prior research in persons with vmPFC damage in light of the predictions put forth by the MSB hypothesis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Neural underpinning of a personal relationship with God and sense of control: A lesion-mapping study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 20:575-587. [PMID: 32333240 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A strong personal relationship with God is theoretically and empirically associated with an enhanced sense of control. While a growing body of research is focused on understanding the neural mechanisms underlying religious belief, little is known about the brain basis of the link between a personal relationship with God and sense of control. Here, we used a sample of patients with focal brain lesions (N = 84) and matched healthy controls (N = 22) to determine whether damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)-a region associated with emotionally meaningful religious experiences and with sense of control-will modulate self-reports of a personal relationship with God and sense of control. We also examined potential mediators for these associations. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping revealed that damage to the right vmPFC resulted in a stronger personal relationship with God, and patients with damage to this region demonstrated an increased sense of control relative to patients with damage to posterior cortex and healthy controls. Moreover, the association between vmPFC damage and greater perceived sense of control was mediated by a stronger personal relationship with God. Collectively, these results suggest that a strong personal relationship with God can serve an important psychological function by affecting sense of control, with both enhanced following damage to the right vmPFC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Cristofori I, Zhong W, Cohen-Zimerman S, Bulbulia J, Gordon B, Krueger F, Grafman J. Brain networks involved in the influence of religion on empathy in male Vietnam War veterans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11047. [PMID: 34040097 PMCID: PMC8155118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans all over the world believe in spirits and deities, yet how the brain supports religious cognition remains unclear. Drawing on a unique sample of patients with penetrating traumatic brain injuries (pTBI) and matched healthy controls (HCs) we investigate dependencies of religious cognition on neural networks that represent (1) others agents’ intentions (Theory of Mind, ToM) and (2) other agents’ feelings (Empathy). Extending previous observations that ToM networks are recruited during prayer, we find that people with vmPFC damage report higher scores on the personal relationship with God inventory even when they are not praying. This result offers evidence that it is the modulation of ToM networks that support beliefs in supernatural agents. With respect to empathetic processing, we observed that vmPFC and pSTS/TPJ lesions mediated by the strength of the personal relationship with God affect empathetic responses. We suggest that the neurological networks underpinning God representations amplify human empathetic responses. The cultural evolutionary study of religion has argued that supernatural beliefs evoke pro-social responses because people fear the wrath of Gods. Our findings imply greater attention should be paid to the mechanisms by which religious cognition may regulate empathetic responses to others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cristofori
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron, France. .,University of Lyon, Etablissement 1, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Wanting Zhong
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shira Cohen-Zimerman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Bulbulia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Max Plank Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Barry Gordon
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jackson RL, Bajada CJ, Lambon Ralph MA, Cloutman LL. The Graded Change in Connectivity across the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Reveals Distinct Subregions. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:165-180. [PMID: 31329834 PMCID: PMC7029692 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional heterogeneity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) suggests it may include distinct functional subregions. To date these have not been well elucidated. Regions with differentiable connectivity (and as a result likely dissociable functions) may be identified using emergent data-driven approaches. However, prior parcellations of the vmPFC have only considered hard splits between distinct regions, although both hard and graded connectivity changes may exist. Here we determine the full pattern of change in structural and functional connectivity across the vmPFC for the first time and extract core distinct regions. Both structural and functional connectivity varied along a dorsomedial to ventrolateral axis from relatively dorsal medial wall regions to relatively lateral basal orbitofrontal cortex. The pattern of connectivity shifted from default mode network to sensorimotor and multimodal semantic connections. This finding extends the classical distinction between primate medial and orbital regions by demonstrating a similar gradient in humans for the first time. Additionally, core distinct regions in the medial wall and orbitofrontal cortex were identified that may show greater correspondence to functional differences than prior hard parcellations. The possible functional roles of the orbitofrontal cortex and medial wall are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Jackson
- Medical Research Council Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claude J Bajada
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD, Malta
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- Medical Research Council Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lauren L Cloutman
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology (Zochonis Building), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Andrews JL, Ahmed SP, Blakemore SJ. Navigating the Social Environment in Adolescence: The Role of Social Brain Development. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:109-118. [PMID: 33190844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Successful navigation of the social environment is dependent on a number of social cognitive processes, including mentalizing and resistance to peer influence. These processes continue to develop during adolescence, a time of significant social change, and are underpinned by regions of the social brain that continue to mature structurally and functionally into adulthood. In this review, we describe how mentalizing, peer influence, and emotion regulation capacities develop to aid the navigation of the social environment during adolescence. Heightened susceptibility to peer influence and hypersensitivity to social rejection in adolescence increase the likelihood of both risky and prosocial behavior in the presence of peers. Developmental differences in mentalizing and emotion regulation, and the corticosubcortical circuits that underpin these processes, might put adolescents at risk for developing mental health problems. We suggest how interventions aimed at improving prosocial behavior and emotion regulation abilities hold promise in reducing the risk of poor mental health as adolescents navigate the changes in their social environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Andrews
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saz P Ahmed
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cohen‐Zimerman S, Khilwani H, Smith GNL, Krueger F, Gordon B, Grafman J. The neural basis for mental state attribution: A voxel-based lesion mapping study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:65-79. [PMID: 33030812 PMCID: PMC7721243 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to infer other persons' mental states, "Theory of Mind" (ToM), is a key function of social cognition and is needed when interpreting the intention of others. ToM is associated with a network of functionally related regions, with reportedly key prominent hubs located in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). The involvement of (mainly the right) TPJ in ToM is based primarily on functional imaging studies that provide correlational evidence for brain-behavior associations. In this lesion study, we test whether certain brain areas are necessary for intact ToM performance. We investigated individuals with penetrating traumatic brain injury (n = 170) and healthy matched controls (n = 30) using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) and by measuring the impact of a given lesion on white matter disconnections. ToM performance was compared between five patient groups based on lesion location: right TPJ, left TPJ, right dlPFC, left dlPFC, and other lesion, as well as healthy controls. The only group to present with lower ToM abilities was the one with lesions in the right dlPFC. Similarly, VLSM analysis revealed a main cluster in the right frontal middle gyrus and a secondary cluster in the left inferior parietal gyrus. Last, we found that disconnection of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus and right superior longitudinal fasciculus were associated with poor ToM performance. This study highlights the importance of lesion studies in complementing functional neuroimaging findings and supports the assertion that the right dlPFC is a key region mediating mental state attribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shira Cohen‐Zimerman
- Cognitive Neuroscience LaboratoryBrain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLabChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Harsh Khilwani
- Cognitive Neuroscience LaboratoryBrain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLabChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Gretchen N. L. Smith
- Cognitive Neuroscience LaboratoryBrain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLabChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems BiologyGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Barry Gordon
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Cognitive ScienceJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience LaboratoryBrain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLabChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of PsychologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin X, Zhang X, Liu Q, Zhao P, Zhang H, Wang H, Yi Z. Theory of mind in adults with traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 121:106-118. [PMID: 33359093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies of abnormal theory of mind (ToM) performance in adult patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to characterize ToM performance in adult patients with TBI. Random-effects models were employed to estimate the overall effect size and the differential effect sizes across different ToM aspects. Based on a sample of 28 studies (1031 patients and 865 healthy controls), the meta-analytic findings revealed that ToM was significantly impaired in adult patients with TBI compared to healthy controls (g = -1.13). Besides, patients with TBI showed significant impairments in individual ToM tasks, as well as for different stimulus modes and contents involved in these ToM tasks. A meta-regression indicated a positive association between ToM performance and Glasgow Coma Scale score. The results of the current meta-analysis suggest that the performance in ToM tasks may be a good predictor of functional outcomes in adults with TBI, which is important for the identification of targets for cognitive interventions and the development of useful training intervention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiaoGuang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, PR China
| | - XueLing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, PR China
| | - QinQin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, PR China
| | - PanWen Zhao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, PR China
| | - HongSheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, PR China.
| | - ZhongQuan Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Albayram O, Albayram S, Mannix R. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy-a blueprint for the bridge between neurological and psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:424. [PMID: 33293571 PMCID: PMC7723988 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a perplexing condition characterized by a broad and diverse range of neuropathology and psychopathology. While there are no agreed upon or validated clinical criteria for CTE, case series of CTE have described a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms that have been attributed to repetitive traumatic brain injuries (rTBI). However, the direct links between the psychopathology of psychiatric and neurological conditions from rTBI to CTE remains poorly understood. Prior studies suggest that repetitive cerebral injuries are associated with damage to neural circuitry involved in emotional and memory processes, but these studies do not offer longitudinal assessments that prove causation. More recent studies on novel targets, such as transmission of misfolded proteins, as well as newly advanced non-invasive imaging techniques may offer more direct evidence of the pathogenesis of CTE by tracing the progression of pathology and display of related behavioral impairments. Understanding this interface in the context of rTBI can play an important role in future approaches to the definition, assessment, prevention, and treatment of CTE and mental illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onder Albayram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Sait Albayram
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rebekkah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
McClure J, Leah C. Is independence enough? Rehabilitation should include autonomy and social engagement to achieve quality of life. Clin Rehabil 2020; 35:3-12. [PMID: 32959679 DOI: 10.1177/0269215520954344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This discussion paper argues that holding independence as the central goal for rehabilitation has limitations that hinder successful outcomes. It shows why autonomy and social engagement should also serve as goals of rehabilitation, in order to achieve quality of life and effective functioning. METHODS The paper reviews problems arising from the over-emphasis on independence in rehabilitation. Although independence is a valuable goal on some tasks, it is sometimes not possible or desirable and is best complimented by autonomy and social engagement. Autonomy recognises that enacting some goals requires the support of other people. Autonomy is thus linked to social engagement (connectivity) in the workplace and personal relationships. The paper applies this framework to motor and cognitive disabilities. RESULTS The inclusion of autonomy and social engagement as goals for rehabilitation addresses the limitations of independence and can serve the unifying aim of enhancing the person's quality of life. These goals apply equally to motor disabilities and the cognitive and behavioural effects of injuries which affect personal and work relationships. CONCLUSIONS Rehabilitation is likely to be more effective if it aims at a combination of independence, autonomy and social engagement, in service of the goal of a good quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John McClure
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Caspian Leah
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Corradi-Dell’Acqua C, Ronchi R, Thomasson M, Bernati T, Saj A, Vuilleumier P. Deficits in cognitive and affective theory of mind relate to dissociated lesion patterns in prefrontal and insular cortex. Cortex 2020; 128:218-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between suicidal ideation (SI), structural brain damage, and cognitive deficits in patients with penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI). METHODS Vietnam War veterans (n = 142) with pTBI to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) underwent combination of neuropsychological and psychiatric examinations and non-contrast CT brain scan. Patients were divided into SI positive (SI+) and SI negative (SI-) groups according to the SI item of the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS Lesions to the left rostrolateral PFC (rlPFC) were associated with a lower risk of SI independent of depression and global functioning. Left rlPFC lesion also reduced abstract reasoning skills, which mediated the lesion effects on suicide ideation. CONCLUSIONS The left rlPFC plays a crucial role in SI independently of depression and global functioning.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yu LQ, Kan IP, Kable JW. Beyond a rod through the skull: A systematic review of lesion studies of the human ventromedial frontal lobe. Cogn Neuropsychol 2019; 37:97-141. [PMID: 31739752 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1690981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological studies from the past century have associated damage to the ventromedial frontal lobes (VMF) with impairments in a variety of domains, including memory, executive function, emotion, social cognition, and valuation. A central question in the literature is whether these seemingly distinct functions are subserved by different sub-regions within the VMF, or whether VMF supports a broader cognitive process that is crucial to these varied domains. In this comprehensive review of the neuropsychological literature from the last two decades, we present a qualitative synthesis of 184 papers that have examined the psychological impairments that result from VMF damage. We discuss these findings in the context of several theoretical frameworks and advocate for the view that VMF is critical for the formation and representation of schema and cognitive maps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Q Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Irene P Kan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gallant C, Good D. Examining the “reading the mind in the eyes test” as an assessment of subtle differences in affective theory of mind after concussion. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:296-317. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1612946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Gallant
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn Good
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Mattan BD, Kubota JT, Cloutier J. How Social Status Shapes Person Perception and Evaluation: A Social Neuroscience Perspective. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018; 12:468-507. [PMID: 28544863 DOI: 10.1177/1745691616677828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inferring the relative rank (i.e., status) of others is essential to navigating social hierarchies. A survey of the expanding social psychological and neuroscience literatures on status reveals a diversity of focuses (e.g., perceiver vs. agent), operationalizations (e.g., status as dominance vs. wealth), and methodologies (e.g., behavioral, neuroscientific). Accommodating this burgeoning literature on status in person perception, the present review offers a novel social neuroscientific framework that integrates existing work with theoretical clarity. This framework distinguishes between five key concepts: (1) strategic pathways to status acquisition for agents, (2) status antecedents (i.e., perceptual and knowledge-based cues that confer status rank), (3) status dimensions (i.e., domains in which an individual may be ranked, such as wealth), (4) status level (i.e., one's rank along a given dimension), and (5) the relative importance of a given status dimension, dependent on perceiver and context characteristics. Against the backdrop of this framework, we review multiple dimensions of status in the nonhuman and human primate literatures. We then review the behavioral and neuroscientific literatures on the consequences of perceived status for attention and evaluation. Finally, after proposing a social neuroscience framework, we highlight innovative directions for future social status research in social psychology and neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer T Kubota
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Chicago.,2 Center for the Study of Race, Politics, and Culture, University of Chicago
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Roberts S, Henry JD, Molenberghs P. Immoral behaviour following brain damage: A review. J Neuropsychol 2018; 13:564-588. [DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Roberts
- School of Psychological Sciences Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Julie D. Henry
- School of Psychology University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Pascal Molenberghs
- School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
On the relation between theory of mind and executive functioning: A developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective. Psychon Bull Rev 2018; 25:2119-2140. [DOI: 10.3758/s13423-018-1459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
38
|
Hogeveen J, Hauner KK, Chau A, Krueger F, Grafman J. Impaired Valuation Leads to Increased Apathy Following Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Damage. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1401-1408. [PMID: 26740488 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apathy is defined by reduced goal-directed behavior, and is common in patients with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Separately, in neuroeconomics research, the vmPFC has been shown to play a role in reward processing-namely, in "stimulus valuation," or the computation of the subjective reward value of a stimulus. Here, we used a sample of patients with focal brain lesions (N = 93) and matched healthy controls (N = 21) to determine whether the association between vmPFC damage and increased apathy is driven by impaired valuation. An auction task was used to measure valuation, and apathy was assessed via caregiver ratings of patients' day-to-day behavior. Lesion-symptom mapping identified the locus of impaired valuation in the vmPFC, and patients with damage to this region demonstrated increased apathy relative to patients with damage to dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), patients with damage to other brain regions, and healthy controls. Critically, the association between vmPFC damage and apathy was mediated by impaired valuation, with no effect as a function of dmPFC damage. Our results implicate a valuation-based mechanism underlying the relationship between vmPFC integrity and apathy, bridging findings from both the clinical literature and neuroeconomics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hogeveen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - Katherina K Hauner
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.,Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aileen Chau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank Krueger
- Molecular Neuroscience Department.,Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.,Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is associated with impairments in both spontaneous and deliberative moral judgments. Neuropsychologia 2018; 111:261-268. [PMID: 29382558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Implicit moral evaluations-spontaneous, unintentional judgments about the moral status of actions or persons-are thought to play a pivotal role in moral experience, suggesting a need for research to model these moral evaluations in clinical populations. Prior research reveals that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a critical area underpinning affect and morality, and patients with vmPFC lesions show abnormalities in moral judgment and moral behavior. We use indirect measurement and multinomial modeling to understand differences in implicit moral evaluations among patients with vmPFC lesions. Our model quantifies multiple processes of moral judgment: implicit moral evaluations in response to distracting moral transgressions (Unintentional Judgment), accurate moral judgments about target actions (Intentional Judgment), and a directional tendency to judge actions as morally wrong (Response Bias). Compared to individuals with non-vmPFC brain damage and neurologically healthy comparisons, patients with vmPFC lesions showed a dual deficit in processes of moral judgment. First, patients with vmPFC lesions showed reduced Unintentional Judgment about moral transgressions, but not about non-moral negative affective distracters. Second, patients with vmPFC lesions showed reduced Intentional Judgment about target actions. These findings highlight the utility of a formal modeling approach in moral psychology, revealing a dual deficit in multiple component processes of moral judgment among patients with vmPFC lesions.
Collapse
|
40
|
Chester DS, DeWall CN. Intimate partner violence perpetration corresponds to a dorsal-ventral gradient in medial PFC reactivity to interpersonal provocation. Soc Neurosci 2018; 14:173-182. [PMID: 29350571 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2018.1430613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration is often preceded by perceived interpersonal provocations such as slights, insults, and rejections. Yet the neural mechanisms that link provocation to IPV remain unclear. In the context of interactions with strangers, the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been repeatedly shown to respond to provocation, with more dorsal activation associated with more aggressive reactions and more ventral activation associated with less aggressive reactions. We used functional brain imaging to test whether this dorsal-ventral MPFC reactivity gradient would also correlate with greater aggression towards an unexamined target: intimate partners. To do so, 61 undergraduates (27.87% male, age range: 18-22) reported whether they had ever committed various acts of IPV perpetration (e.g., punching, hitting, shoving) and then were repeatedly provoked by a stranger while undergoing functional MRI (fMRI) scanning. Individuals with a disproportionately dorsal, rather than ventral, MPFC response were more likely to have perpetrated IPV and had perpetrated more kinds of IPV, even when controlling for gender. These findings provide further evidence that the dorsal-ventral MPFC gradient is a critical, biological indicator of whether an individual is more or less likely to react aggressively and suggest new avenues for understanding and potentially preventing IPV perpetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Chester
- a Department of Psychology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - C Nathan DeWall
- b Department of Psychology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cohen-Zimerman S, Chau A, Krueger F, Gordon B, Grafman J. Machiavellian tendencies increase following damage to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2017; 107:68-75. [PMID: 29126929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Machiavellianism - a personality trait that is characterized by a tendency to distrust, deceive and exploit others - has been the focus of growing attention in psychological research. Neuroimaging studies of Machiavellianism highlight the influence of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on Machiavellianism tendencies. However, knowledge regarding the causal role of the left and right dlPFC on Machiavellianism is still obscure. Here, we measured general Machiavellian tendencies, as well as two subscales (i.e., Machiavellian Views and Machiavellian Tactics) in a large sample of brain-injured patients (N = 129) and non-brain-injured control participants (N = 37) to determine whether Machiavellianism tendencies can be altered by brain damage. We analyzed Machiavellianism tendencies as a function of lesion location, with patients separated into four groups based on dlPFC damage: left dlPFC damage, right dlPFC damage, non-dlPFC damage, and healthy controls. We found that left dlPFC damage increased Machiavellianism in general, and Machiavellian perspective (views) in particular, but did not modulate behavior (tactics). Critically, left dlPFC damage predicted higher levels of Machiavellianism after controlling for general and emotional intelligence, linguistic abilities, empathy and psychopathology. These findings establish a causal role of the left dlPFC in modulating Machiavellian views, and indicate that one can hold Machiavellian views without necessarily endorsing Machiavellian tactics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Chau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Barry Gordon
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Cognitive Science Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schneider B, Koenigs M. Human lesion studies of ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2017; 107:84-93. [PMID: 28966138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies of neurological patients with focal lesions involving ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) have demonstrated a critical role for this brain area in various aspects of cognition, emotion, and behavior. In this article, we review the key themes, methods, and findings from neuropsychological research on vmPFC lesion patients. Early case studies demonstrated profound disruptions in personality and behavior following vmPFC damage, including blunted affect, poor decision-making, and inappropriate social behavior. Subsequent laboratory investigations with groups of vmPFC lesion patients have revealed deficits in a host of interrelated functions, such as value-based decision-making, future and counterfactual thinking, physiological arousal to emotional stimuli, emotion recognition, empathy, moral judgment, and memory confabulation. The compendium of findings described here demonstrates that vmPFC is crucial for diverse aspects of adaptive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael Koenigs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Koster-Hale J, Richardson H, Velez N, Asaba M, Young L, Saxe R. Mentalizing regions represent distributed, continuous, and abstract dimensions of others' beliefs. Neuroimage 2017; 161:9-18. [PMID: 28807871 PMCID: PMC5696012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human capacity to reason about others' minds includes making causal inferences about intentions, beliefs, values, and goals. Previous fMRI research has suggested that a network of brain regions, including bilateral temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), superior temporal sulcus (STS), and medial prefrontal-cortex (MPFC), are reliably recruited for mental state reasoning. Here, in two fMRI experiments, we investigate the representational content of these regions. Building on existing computational and neural evidence, we hypothesized that social brain regions contain at least two functionally and spatially distinct components: one that represents information related to others' motivations and values, and another that represents information about others' beliefs and knowledge. Using multi-voxel pattern analysis, we find evidence that motivational versus epistemic features are independently represented by theory of mind (ToM) regions: RTPJ contains information about the justification of the belief, bilateral TPJ represents the modality of the source of knowledge, and VMPFC represents the valence of the resulting emotion. These representations are found only in regions implicated in social cognition and predict behavioral responses at the level of single items. We argue that cortical regions implicated in mental state inference contain complementary, but distinct, representations of epistemic and motivational features of others' beliefs, and that, mirroring the processes observed in sensory systems, social stimuli are represented in distinct and distributed formats across the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorie Koster-Hale
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hilary Richardson
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Natalia Velez
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mika Asaba
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liane Young
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Rebecca Saxe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Firat RB, Hitlin S, Magnotta V, Tranel D. Putting race in context: social class modulates processing of race in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:1314-1324. [PMID: 28398590 PMCID: PMC5597864 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature demonstrates that racial group membership can influence neural responses, e.g. when individuals perceive or interact with persons of another race. However, little attention has been paid to social class, a factor that interacts with racial inequalities in American society. We extend previous literature on race-related neural activity by focusing on how the human brain responds to racial out-groups cast in positively valued social class positions vs less valued ones. We predicted that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala would have functionally dissociable roles, with the vmPFC playing a more significant role within socially valued in-groups (i.e. the middle-class) and the amygdala having a more crucial role for socially ambivalent and threatening categories (i.e. upper and lower class). We tested these predictions with two complementary studies: (i) a neuropsychological experiment with patients with the vmPFC or amygdala lesions, contrasted with brain damaged and normal comparison participants, and (ii) a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment with 15 healthy adults. Our findings suggest that two distinct mechanisms underlie class-based racial evaluations, one engaging the vmPFC for positively identified in-group class and another recruiting the amygdala for the class groups that are marginalized or perceived as potential threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rengin B. Firat
- Global Studies Institute
- Petit Science Center, Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven Hitlin
- Department of Sociology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Vincent Magnotta
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1402 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hager B, Yang AC, Brady R, Meda S, Clementz B, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Tamminga C, Keshavan M. Neural complexity as a potential translational biomarker for psychosis. J Affect Disord 2017; 216:89-99. [PMID: 27814962 PMCID: PMC5406267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptability of the human brain to the constantly changing environment is reduced in patients with psychotic disorders, leading to impaired cognitive functions. Brain signal complexity, which may reflect adaptability, can be readily quantified via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals. We hypothesized that resting-state brain signal complexity is altered in psychotic disorders, and is correlated with cognitive impairment. METHODS We assessed 156 healthy controls (HC) and 330 probands, including 125 patients with psychotic bipolar disorder (BP), 107 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), 98 patients with schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and 230 of their unaffected first-degree relatives (76 BPR, 79 SADR, and 75 SZR) from four sites of the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium. Using multi-scale entropy analysis, we determined whether patients and/or relatives had pathologic differences in complexity of resting-state fMRI signals toward regularity (reduced entropy in all time scales), or toward uncorrelated randomness (increased entropy in fine time scales that decays as the time scale increases) and how these complexity differences might be associated with cognitive impairment. RESULTS Compared to HC subjects, proband groups showed either decreased complexity toward regularity or toward randomness. SZ probands showed decreased complexity toward regular signal in hypothalamus, and BP probands in left inferior occipital, right precentral and left superior parietal regions, whereas no brain region with decreased complexity toward regularity was found in SAD probands. All proband groups showed significantly increased brain signal randomness in dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC), and unaffected relatives showed no complexity differences in PFC regions. SZ had the largest area of involvement in both dorsal and ventral PFC. BP and SAD probands shared increased brain signal randomness in ventral medial PFC, BP and SZ probands shared increased brain signal randomness in ventral lateral PFC, whereas SAD and SZ probands shared increased brain signal randomness in dorsal medial PFC. Only SZ showed increased brain signal randomness in dorsal lateral PFC. The increased brain signal randomness in dorsal or ventral PFC was weakly associated with reduced cognitive performance in psychotic probands. CONCLUSION These observations support the loss of brain complexity hypothesis in psychotic probands. Furthermore, we found significant differences as well as overlaps of pathologic brain signal complexity between psychotic probands by DSM diagnoses, thus suggesting a biological approach to categorizing psychosis based on functional neuroimaging data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Hager
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert C Yang
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital/School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roscoe Brady
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shashwath Meda
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, and the Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Brett Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, and the Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carol Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Anderson LB, Paul LK, Brown WS. Emotional Intelligence in Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:267-279. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
47
|
Peters SL, Fellows LK, Sheldon S. The Ventromedial Frontal Lobe Contributes to Forming Effective Solutions to Real-world Problems. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 29:991-1001. [PMID: 27991183 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although the ventromedial frontal lobe (VMF) has been implicated in several complex cognitive tasks such as decision-making and problem solving, the processes for which this region is critical remain unclear. Laboratory studies have largely focused on how the VMF contributes to decision-making when outcomes or options are provided, but in the real world generating appropriate options is likely a crucial and rate-limiting initial step. Here, we determined how VMF damage affected the option generation phase of naturalistic problem solving. A group of patients with VMF damage and two controls groups-age-matched healthy participants and patients with frontal damage sparing VMF-were asked to generate as many options as possible to five scenarios depicting open-ended, real-world problems (e.g., having lunch at a restaurant and forgetting your wallet at home). Both the number of options and the effectiveness of each option generated were examined. Damage to VMF led to a significant reduction in both the number of options produced across all problem-solving scenarios and the ability to generate effective options, most notably for scenarios that were social in nature. We discuss these findings in terms of the mechanisms by which the VMF may contribute to option generation, focusing on proposals suggesting this region is important for integrating subjective value and retrieving schematic representations.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hogeveen J, Salvi C, Grafman J. 'Emotional Intelligence': Lessons from Lesions. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:694-705. [PMID: 27647325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
'Emotional intelligence' (EI) is one of the most highly used psychological terms in popular nomenclature, yet its construct, divergent, and predictive validities are contentiously debated. Despite this debate, the EI construct is composed of a set of emotional abilities - recognizing emotional states in the self and others, using emotions to guide thought and behavior, understanding how emotions shape behavior, and emotion regulation - that undoubtedly influence important social and personal outcomes. In this review, evidence from human lesion studies is reviewed in order to provide insight into the necessary brain regions for each of these core emotional abilities. Critically, we consider how this neuropsychological evidence might help to guide efforts to define and measure EI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hogeveen
- MIND Institute, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - C Salvi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - J Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Klapwijk ET, Aghajani M, Colins OF, Marijnissen GM, Popma A, van Lang NDJ, van der Wee NJA, Vermeiren RRJM. Different brain responses during empathy in autism spectrum disorders versus conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:737-47. [PMID: 26681358 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in empathy are reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and also underlie antisocial behavior of individuals with conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits (CD/CU+). Many studies suggest that individuals with ASD are typically impaired in cognitive aspects of empathy, and individuals with CD/CU+ typically in affective aspects. In the current study, we compared the neural correlates of cognitive and affective aspects of empathy between youth with ASD and youth with CD/CU+. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess boys with ASD (N = 23), boys with CD/CU+ (N = 23), and typically developing (TD) boys (N = 33), aged 15-19 years. Angry and fearful faces were presented and participants were asked to either infer the emotional state from the face (other-task; emotion recognition) or to judge their own emotional response to the face (self-task; emotional resonance). RESULTS During emotion recognition, boys with ASD showed reduced responses compared to the other groups in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). During emotional resonance, the CD/CU+ and ASD groups showed reduced amygdala responses compared to the TD controls, boys with ASD showed reduced responses in bilateral hippocampus, and the CD/CU+ boys showed reduced responses in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior insula (AI). CONCLUSION Results suggest differential abnormal brain responses associated with specific aspects of empathic functioning in ASD and CD/CU+. Decreased amygdala responses in ASD and CD/CU+ might point to impaired emotion processing in both disorders, whereas reduced vmPFC responses suggest problems in processing cognitive aspects of empathy in ASD. Reduced IFG/AI responses, finally, suggest decreased emotional resonance in CD/CU+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard T Klapwijk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium - Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium - Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier F Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium - Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Criminal Law & Criminology, Faculty of Law, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja D J van Lang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium - Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium - Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND During deployment and upon returning home, veterans experience emotional challenges that test their social and psychological adaptation and place them at risk for suicidal thinking. Individual variability in skill-based capacity to adaptively perceive, understand, correctly use, and manage emotions (called emotional competence) may play a role in the development of psychological suffering and suicidal thinking. Based on research in healthy and clinical samples, poor emotional competence was predicted to be associated with suicidal thinking among returning veterans. METHOD Participants were selected from the W. F. Caveness Vietnam Head Injury Study (VHIS) registry, which in the late 1960s began prospectively assessing 1221 veterans). The study sample was composed of veterans examined between 2003 and 2006 and included 185 participants who at the time of assessment with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) did (N= 46) or did not endorse (N= 139) suicidal thinking then or during the previous two weeks and received performance-based measures of emotional competence (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test; MSCEIT, Version 2.0) and theory of mind. MSCEIT subtests and theory of mind tasks were condensed via principal component analysis: Component 1 (Emotion Processing) included use, understand, and manage emotions tasks, and Component 2 (Emotion Perception) included perceive emotions. RESULTS Veterans endorsing suicidal thoughts showed poorer emotion processing whereas emotion perception and theory of mind tasks did not show significant group effects. In addition, veterans who endorsed thoughts of suicide were deployed at a younger age, had lower education, and tended to report more negative experiences in social interactions upon return to the United States. CONCLUSIONS The capacity to understand, use, and manage emotionally charged stimuli and situations may represent risk factors for suicidal thinking among veterans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Paradiso
- a Una Mano per la Vita , Association of Families and their Doctors , Catania , Italy.,b Nucleo UDP-Fundacion Ineco para las Neurosciencias (NUFIN) , Universidad Diego Portales , Santiago , Chile
| | - Janelle N Beadle
- c Department of Gerontology , University of Nebraska at Omaha , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Vanessa Raymont
- d Centre for Mental Health, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Jordan Grafman
- e Brain Injury Research Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| |
Collapse
|