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Ramsay IS, Pokorny VJ, Lynn PA, Klein SD, Sponheim SR. Limited Consistency and Strength of Neural Oscillations During Sustained Visual Attention in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:337-345. [PMID: 36775194 PMCID: PMC10412733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural oscillations support perception, attention, and higher-order decision making. Aberrations in the strength or consistency of these oscillations in response to stimuli may underlie impaired visual perception and attention in schizophrenia. Here, we examined the phase and power of alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) as well as aspects of beta and theta frequency oscillations during a demanding visual sustained attention task. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia (n = 74) and healthy control participants (n = 68) completed the degraded stimulus continuous performance task during electroencephalography. We used time-frequency analysis to evaluate the consistency (intertrial phase coherence) of the alpha cycle shortly after stimulus presentation (50-250 ms). For oscillation strength, we examined event-related desynchronization in a later window associated with decision making (360-700 ms). RESULTS Alpha intertrial phase coherence was reduced in schizophrenia, and similar reductions were observed in theta (4-7 Hz) and beta (13-20 Hz), suggesting a lack of responsiveness in slower oscillations to visual stimuli. Alpha and beta event-related desynchronization were also reduced in schizophrenia and associated with worse task performance, increased symptoms, and poorer cognition, suggesting that limited responsiveness of oscillations is related to impairments in the disorder. Individuals with lower intertrial phase coherence had slower resting-state alpha rhythms consistent with dysfunctional oscillations persisting across default and task-related brain states. CONCLUSIONS In schizophrenia, abnormalities in the phase consistency and strength of slower oscillations during visual perception are related to symptoms and cognitive functioning. Altered visual perception and impaired attention in the disorder may be the consequence of aberrant slower oscillations that fail to dynamically reset and modulate in response to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Ramsay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Victor J Pokorny
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter A Lynn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Samuel D Klein
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Psychology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Minneapolis Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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2
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Lozano-Goupil J, Marin L, Aubin L, Decombe A, Serré H, Capdevielle D, Mostafaoui G, Raffard S. Impaired perception of a partner's synchronizing behavior reduces positive attitude toward humanoid robot in schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:511-518. [PMID: 38290376 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
As interpersonal synchrony plays a key role in building rapport, the perception of another agent's synchronizing behavior could be an important feature to assess, especially with patients with social deficits such as in schizophrenia. Twenty-four schizophrenia patients and twenty-four matched healthy controls performed jointly fitness movements with another agent embodied by a humanoid robot which was programmed to either synchronize with the participants or move at a fixed frequency with them. Self-report of participants' perception of the robot's synchronizing behavior was collected after each interaction. Results indicated that patients were impaired in their ability to accurately perceive the robot's synchronizing behavior. Patients' subjective perception of the robot's synchronizing behavior was associated with positive attitude toward it, suggesting that the belief to be synchronized with others could have similar impact on affiliation than real interpersonal synchrony. It leads to new perspectives for understanding social deficits in people with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Lozano-Goupil
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France.
| | - Ludovic Marin
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Lise Aubin
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Decombe
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Serré
- Action Lab, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | | | | | - Stéphane Raffard
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, EPSYLON EA, 4556 Montpellier, France
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3
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Prete G, D'Elia M, Ceccato I, Palumbo R, Di Crosta A, La Malva P, Mammarella N, Bonanni L, Tommasi L, Di Domenico A, Capotosto P. The role of the right supramarginal gyrus in time estimation: A TMS study. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 156:16-18. [PMID: 37832321 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Prete
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele D'Elia
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene Ceccato
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Tommasi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Capotosto
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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4
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Shinn AK, Hurtado-Puerto AM, Roh YS, Ho V, Hwang M, Cohen BM, Öngür D, Camprodon JA. Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychotic disorders: intermittent, continuous, and sham theta-burst stimulation on time perception and symptom severity. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1218321. [PMID: 38025437 PMCID: PMC10679721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1218321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cerebellum contributes to the precise timing of non-motor and motor functions, and cerebellum abnormalities have been implicated in psychosis pathophysiology. In this study, we explored the effects of cerebellar theta burst stimulation (TBS), an efficient transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, on temporal discrimination and self-reported mood and psychotic symptoms. Methods We conducted a case-crossover study in which patients with psychosis (schizophrenias, schizoaffective disorders, or bipolar disorders with psychotic features) were assigned to three sessions of TBS to the cerebellar vermis: one session each of intermittent (iTBS), continuous (cTBS), and sham TBS. Of 28 enrolled patients, 26 underwent at least one TBS session, and 20 completed all three. Before and immediately following TBS, participants rated their mood and psychotic symptoms and performed a time interval discrimination task (IDT). We hypothesized that cerebellar iTBS and cTBS would modulate these measures in opposing directions, with iTBS being adaptive and cTBS maladaptive. Results Reaction time (RT) in the IDT decreased significantly after iTBS vs. Sham (LS-mean difference = -73.3, p = 0.0001, Cohen's d = 1.62), after iTBS vs. cTBS (LS-mean difference = -137.6, p < 0.0001, d = 2.03), and after Sham vs. cTBS (LS-mean difference = -64.4, p < 0.0001, d = 1.33). We found no effect on IDT accuracy. We did not observe any effects on symptom severity after correcting for multiple comparisons. Conclusion We observed a frequency-dependent dissociation between the effects of iTBS vs. cTBS to the cerebellar midline on the reaction time of interval discrimination in patients with psychosis. iTBS showed improved (adaptive) while cTBS led to worsening (maladaptive) speed of response. These results demonstrate behavioral target engagement in a cognitive dimension of relevance to patients with psychosis and generate testable hypotheses about the potential therapeutic role of cerebellar iTBS in this clinical population. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02642029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K. Shinn
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aura M. Hurtado-Puerto
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Youkyung S. Roh
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Victoria Ho
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa Hwang
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Dost Öngür
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joan A. Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Ren W, Han M, Zhang Z. Duration estimation abnormalities in unaffected first-degree relatives and individuals of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 260:39-40. [PMID: 37598510 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Ren
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Mingkun Han
- Mental Health and Social Welfare Center, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
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Speers LJ, Chin P, Bilkey DK. No evidence that acute clozapine administration alters CA1 phase precession in rats. Brain Res 2023; 1814:148446. [PMID: 37301424 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal phase precession, wherein there is a systematic shift in the phase of neural firing against the underlying theta activity, is proposed to play an important role in the sequencing of information in memory. Previous research shows that the starting phase of precession is more variable in rats following maternal immune activation (MIA), a known risk factor for schizophrenia. Since starting phase variability has the potential to disorganize the construction of sequences of information, we tested whether the atypical antipsychotic clozapine, which ameliorates some cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, alters this aspect of phase precession. Either saline or clozapine (5 mg/kg) was administered to rats and then CA1 place cell activity was recorded from the CA1 region of the hippocampus as the animals ran around a rectangular track for food reward. When compared to saline trials, acute administration of clozapine did not affect any place cell properties, including those related to phase precession, in either control or MIA animals. Clozapine did, however, produce a reduction in locomotion speed, indicating that its presence had some effect on behaviour. These results help to constrain explanations of phase precession mechanisms and their potential role in sequence learning deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phoebe Chin
- Psychology Dept., Otago Univ., Dunedin, New Zealand
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7
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Speers LJ, Sissons DJ, Cleland L, Bilkey DK. Hippocampal phase precession is preserved under ketamine, but the range of precession across a theta cycle is reduced. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:809-821. [PMID: 37515458 PMCID: PMC10399102 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231187339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal phase precession, which depends on the precise spike timing of place cells relative to local theta oscillations, has been proposed to underlie sequential memory. N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as ketamine disrupt memory and also reproduce several schizophrenia-like symptoms, including spatial memory impairments and disorganized cognition. It is possible that these impairments result from disruptions to phase precession. AIMS/METHODS We used an ABA design to test whether an acute, subanesthetic dose (7.5 mg/kg) of ketamine disrupted phase precession in CA1 of male rats as they navigated around a rectangular track for a food reward. RESULTS/OUTCOMES Ketamine did not affect the ability of CA1 place cells to precess despite changes to place cell firing rates, local field potential properties and locomotor speed. However, ketamine reduced the range of phase precession that occurred across a theta cycle. CONCLUSION Phase precession is largely robust to acute NMDA receptor antagonism by ketamine, but the reduced range of precession could have important implications for learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daena J Sissons
- Psychology Department, Otago University Dunedin, New Zealand
- Psychology Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lana Cleland
- Psychology Department, Otago University Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department Psychological Medicine, Otago University, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department Population Health, Otago University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - David K Bilkey
- Psychology Department, Otago University Dunedin, New Zealand
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Goena J, Alústiza I, Vidal-Adroher C, Garcés MS, Fernández M, Molero P, García-Eulate R, Fernández-Seara M, Ortuño F. Time discrimination and change detection could share a common brain network: findings of a task-based fMRI study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1110972. [PMID: 37529319 PMCID: PMC10390230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the past few years, several studies have described the brain activation pattern related to both time discrimination (TD) and change detection processes. We hypothesize that both processes share a common brain network which may play a significant role in more complex cognitive processes. The main goal of this proof-of-concept study is to describe the pattern of brain activity involved in TD and oddball detection (OD) paradigms, and in processes requiring higher cognitive effort. Methods We designed an experimental task, including an auditory test tool to assess TD and OD paradigms, which was conducted under functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 14 healthy participants. We added a cognitive control component into both paradigms in our test tool. We used the general linear model (GLM) to analyze the individual fMRI data images and the random effects model for group inference. Results We defined the areas of brain activation related to TD and OD paradigms. We performed a conjunction analysis of contrast TD (task > control) and OD (task > control) patterns, finding both similarities and significant differences between them. Discussion We conclude that change detection and other cognitive processes requiring an increase in cognitive effort require participation of overlapping functional and neuroanatomical components, suggesting the presence of a common time and change detection network. This is of particular relevance for future research on normal cognitive functioning in the healthy population, as well as for the study of cognitive impairment and clinical manifestations associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Goena
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vidal-Adroher
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Sol Garcés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Reyes García-Eulate
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Seara
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Honda S, Matsushita K, Noda Y, Tarumi R, Nomiyama N, Tsugawa S, Nakajima S, Mimura M, Fujii S. Music rhythm perception and production relate to treatment response in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:69-76. [PMID: 36634450 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that pathophysiology of schizophrenia involves abnormalities in the dopamine and glutamatergic neuronal systems. Antipsychotic medications are currently used to normalize dopaminergic function for schizophrenia. However, approximately 30 % of the patients have no response to antipsychotic medications, which is classified as treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Furthermore, dopamine and glutamate levels in the neural basis have been reported to differ between TRS and non-TRS. In this study, we assumed that these differences may affect music rhythm perception and production abilities between the two groups. We examined fifty-seven schizophrenia (26 TRS, 31 non-TRS) and thirty-one healthy controls (HCs) by using the Harvard Beat Assessment Test (H-BAT). As a result, we found that rhythm production was worse in patients with TRS compared to patients with non-TRS and HCs, while no difference was observed between patients with non-TRS and HCs. In addition, rhythm perception and production abilities were impaired in the whole patient group compared with HCs. Furthermore, in the patient group, the deficits were correlated with cognitive impairments. Collectively, these results suggest that patients with schizophrenia may have rhythm processing deficits, with particular a rhythm production problem in the TRS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Honda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Karin Matsushita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Tarumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan; Seikei-Kai Komagino Hospital, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nomiyama
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujii
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Japan.
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Ciullo V, Piras F, Banaj N, Vecchio D, Piras F, Sani G, Ducci G, Spalletta G. Internal clock variability, mood swings and working memory in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:48-56. [PMID: 35907479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distortions in time processing may be regarded as an endophenotypic marker of neuropsychiatric diseases; however, investigations addressing Bipolar Disorder (BD) are still scarce. METHODS The present study compared timing abilities in 30 BD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC), and explored the relationship between time processing and affective-cognitive symptoms in BD, with the aim to determine whether timing difficulties are primary in bipolar patients or due to comorbid cognitive impairment. Four tasks measuring external timing were administered: a temporal and spatial orienting of attention task and a temporal and colour discrimination task, for assessing the ability to evaluate temporal properties of external events; two other tasks assessed the speed of the internal clock (i.e. temporal bisection and temporal production tasks). Attentional, executive and working memory (WM) demands were equated for controlling additional cognitive processes. RESULTS BD patients did not show differences in external timing accuracy compared to HC; conversely, we found increased variability of the internal clock in BD and this performance was related to Major Depressive Episodes recurrence and WM functioning. Hence, variability of the internal clock is influenced by the progressive course of BD and impacted by variations in WM. LIMITATIONS Future studies including BD patients stratified by mood episode will further specify timing alterations conditional to the current affective state. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed new light on the clinical phenotypes of BD, suggesting that timing might be used as a model system of the ongoing pathophysiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ducci
- Department of Mental Health, ASL, Roma 1, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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Fry BR, Roberts D, Thakkar KN, Johnson AW. Variables influencing conditioning-evoked hallucinations: overview and future applications. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2937-2949. [PMID: 36138518 PMCID: PMC9693682 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hallucinations occur in the absence of sensory stimulation and result in vivid perceptual experiences of nonexistent events that manifest across a range of sensory modalities. Approaches from the field of experimental and cognitive psychology have leveraged the idea that associative learning experiences can evoke conditioning-induced hallucinations in both animals and humans. In this review, we describe classical and contemporary findings and highlight the variables eliciting these experiences. We also provide an overview of the neurobiological mechanisms, along with the associative and computational factors that may explain hallucinations that are generated by representation-mediated conditioning phenomena. Through the integration of animal and human research, significant advances into the psychobiology of hallucinations are possible, which may ultimately translate to more effective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Fry
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dominic Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Katharine N. Thakkar
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexander W. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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12
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Portnova G, Rebreikina A, Martynova O. The ages of zone of proximal development for retrospective time assessment and anticipation of time event. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2022; 11:761-770. [PMID: 34559591 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2021.1961084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
From childhood to adulthood, an individual's ability to estimate and anticipate the timing of events changes continuously. This study investigated the ability of 287 children aged 5-14 years to estimate the duration of prior events and anticipate the timing of future events for determination of the age at which children improve their timing skills. The Luria neuropsychological assessment battery and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) were applied to find correlations between timing skills and the development of cognitive functions. The findings demonstrated that retrospective estimation of duration has a zone of proximal development in children between the ages of six to eight; in these children, the accuracy of time assessment significantly improved after receiving the prompt. However, improvement in time estimation was significantly lower in those children who achieved lower results in the attention and memory tests and demonstrated reduced spatial and verbal reasoning skills. The zone of proximal development for the ability to anticipate the timing of future events was demonstrated in children between the ages of nine to eleven years. The improvement of time anticipation was negatively correlated with the number of mistakes made during the dynamic praxis test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Portnova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Rebreikina
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Martynova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Amadeo MB, Esposito D, Escelsior A, Campus C, Inuggi A, Pereira Da Silva B, Serafini G, Amore M, Gori M. Time in schizophrenia: a link between psychopathology, psychophysics and technology. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 35961974 PMCID: PMC9374791 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely demonstrated that time processing is altered in patients with schizophrenia. This perspective review delves into such temporal deficit and highlights its link to low-level sensory alterations, which are often overlooked in rehabilitation protocols for psychosis. However, if temporal impairment at the sensory level is inherent to the disease, new interventions should focus on this dimension. Beyond more traditional types of intervention, here we review the most recent digital technologies for rehabilitation and the most promising ones for sensory training. The overall aim is to synthesise existing literature on time in schizophrenia linking psychopathology, psychophysics, and technology to help future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bianca Amadeo
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy.
| | - Davide Esposito
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Escelsior
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Campus
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
| | - Alberto Inuggi
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
| | - Beatriz Pereira Da Silva
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy
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14
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Ueda N, Tanaka K, Maruo K, Roach N, Sumiyoshi T, Watanabe K, Hanakawa T. Perceptual inference, accuracy, and precision in temporal reproduction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 28:100229. [PMID: 34976749 PMCID: PMC8683762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that deficits in perceptual inference account for symptoms of schizophrenia. One manifestation of perceptual inference is the central bias, i.e., the tendency to put emphasis on prior experiences over actual events in perceiving incoming sensory stimuli. Using an interval reproduction task, this study aimed to determine whether patients with schizophrenia show a stronger central bias than participants without schizophrenia. In the interval reproduction task, participants were shown a cross on a screen. The cross was replaced with a Gaussian patch for a predetermined time interval, and participants were required to reproduce the interval duration by pressing and releasing the space key. We manipulated the uncertainty of prior information using different interval distributions. We found no difference in the influence of prior information on interval reproduction between patients and controls. However, patients with SZ showed a stronger central bias than healthy participants in the intermediate interval range (approximately 450 ms to 900 ms). It is possible that the patients in SZ have non-uniform deficits associated with interval range or uncertainty of prior information in perceptual inference. Further, the severity of avolition and alogia was correlated with the strength of central bias in SZ. This study provides some insights into the mechanisms underlying the association between schizophrenic symptoms and perceptual inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Ueda
- NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kanji Tanaka
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 1-21-1 Nishi Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Neil Roach
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Katsumi Watanabe
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Faculty of Arts, Design, and Architecture, University of New South Wales, Cnr Oxford St & Greens Rd, Paddington, NSW 2021, Australia
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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15
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Speers LJ, Bilkey DK. Disorganization of Oscillatory Activity in Animal Models of Schizophrenia. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:741767. [PMID: 34675780 PMCID: PMC8523827 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.741767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder with diverse symptomatology, including disorganized cognition and behavior. Despite considerable research effort, we have only a limited understanding of the underlying brain dysfunction. In this article, we review the potential role of oscillatory circuits in the disorder with a particular focus on the hippocampus, a region that encodes sequential information across time and space, as well as the frontal cortex. Several mechanistic explanations of schizophrenia propose that a loss of oscillatory synchrony between and within these brain regions may underlie some of the symptoms of the disorder. We describe how these oscillations are affected in several animal models of schizophrenia, including models of genetic risk, maternal immune activation (MIA) models, and models of NMDA receptor hypofunction. We then critically discuss the evidence for disorganized oscillatory activity in these models, with a focus on gamma, sharp wave ripple, and theta activity, including the role of cross-frequency coupling as a synchronizing mechanism. Finally, we focus on phase precession, which is an oscillatory phenomenon whereby individual hippocampal place cells systematically advance their firing phase against the background theta oscillation. Phase precession is important because it allows sequential experience to be compressed into a single 120 ms theta cycle (known as a 'theta sequence'). This time window is appropriate for the induction of synaptic plasticity. We describe how disruption of phase precession could disorganize sequential processing, and thereby disrupt the ordered storage of information. A similar dysfunction in schizophrenia may contribute to cognitive symptoms, including deficits in episodic memory, working memory, and future planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David K. Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
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16
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Scott KJ, Tashakori-Sabzevar F, Bilkey DK. Maternal immune activation alters the sequential structure of ultrasonic communications in male rats. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100304. [PMID: 34589796 PMCID: PMC8474666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a risk factor for schizophrenia and many of the symptoms and neurodevelopmental changes associated with this disorder have been modelled in the rodent. While several previous studies have reported that rodent ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are affected by MIA, no previous study has examined whether MIA affects the way that individual USVs occur over time to produce vocalisation sequences. The sequential aspect of this behaviour may be particularly important because changes in sequencing mechanisms have been proposed as a core deficit in schizophrenia. The present research generates MIA with POLY I:C administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat dams at GD15. Male pairs of MIA adult offspring or pairs of their saline controls were placed into a two-chamber apparatus where they were separated from each other by a perforated plexiglass barrier. USVs were recorded for a period of 10 min and automated detection and call review were used to classify short call types in the nominal 50 kHz band of social affiliative calls. Our data show that the duration of these 50-kHz USVs is longer in MIA rat pairs and the time between calls is shorter. Furthermore, the transition probability between call pairs was different in the MIA animals compared to the control group, indicating alterations in sequential behaviour. These results provide the first evidence that USV call sequencing is altered by the MIA intervention and suggest that further investigations of these temporally extended aspects of USV production are likely to reveal useful information about the mechanisms that underlie sequence generation. This is particularly important given previous research suggesting that sequencing deficits may have a significant impact on both behaviour and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David K. Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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17
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Speers LJ, Cheyne KR, Cavani E, Hayward T, Schmidt R, Bilkey DK. Hippocampal Sequencing Mechanisms Are Disrupted in a Maternal Immune Activation Model of Schizophrenia Risk. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6954-6965. [PMID: 34253630 PMCID: PMC8360689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0730-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory requires information to be stored and recalled in sequential order, and these processes are disrupted in schizophrenia. Hippocampal phase precession and theta sequences are thought to provide a biological mechanism for sequential ordering of experience at timescales suitable for plasticity. These phenomena have not previously been examined in any models of schizophrenia risk. Here, we examine these phenomena in a maternal immune activation (MIA) rodent model. We show that while individual pyramidal cells in the CA1 region continue to precess normally in MIA animals, the starting phase of precession as an animal enters a new place field is considerably more variable in MIA animals than in controls. A critical consequence of this change is a disorganization of the ordered representation of experience via theta sequences. These results provide the first evidence of a biological-level mechanism that, if it occurs in schizophrenia, may explain aspects of disorganized sequential processing that contribute to the cognitive symptoms of the disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hippocampal phase precession and theta sequences have been proposed as biophysical mechanisms by which the sequential structure of cognition might be ordered. Disturbances of sequential processing have frequently been observed in schizophrenia. Here, we show for the first time that phase precession and theta sequences are disrupted in a maternal immune activation (MIA) model of schizophrenia risk. This is a result of greater variability in the starting phase of precession, indicating that the mechanisms that coordinate precession at the assembly level are disrupted. We propose that this disturbance in phase precession underlies some of the disorganized cognitive symptoms that occur in schizophrenia. These findings could have important preclinical significance for the identification and treatment of schizophrenia risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J Speers
- Psychology Department, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Kirsten R Cheyne
- Psychology Department, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Elena Cavani
- Psychology Department, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tara Hayward
- Psychology Department, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Robert Schmidt
- Psychology Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - David K Bilkey
- Psychology Department, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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18
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Fung BJ, Sutlief E, Hussain Shuler MG. Dopamine and the interdependency of time perception and reward. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:380-391. [PMID: 33652021 PMCID: PMC9062982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Time is a fundamental dimension of our perception of the world and is therefore of critical importance to the organization of human behavior. A corpus of work - including recent optogenetic evidence - implicates striatal dopamine as a crucial factor influencing the perception of time. Another stream of literature implicates dopamine in reward and motivation processes. However, these two domains of research have remained largely separated, despite neurobiological overlap and the apothegmatic notion that "time flies when you're having fun". This article constitutes a review of the literature linking time perception and reward, including neurobiological and behavioral studies. Together, these provide compelling support for the idea that time perception and reward processing interact via a common dopaminergic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen J Fung
- The Behavioural Insights Team, Suite 3, Level 13/9 Hunter St, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Elissa Sutlief
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Woods Basic Science Building Rm914, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marshall G Hussain Shuler
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Woods Basic Science Building Rm914, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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19
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Osborne KJ, Damme KS, Gupta T, Dean DJ, Bernard JA, Mittal VA. Timing dysfunction and cerebellar resting state functional connectivity abnormalities in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1289-1298. [PMID: 32008594 PMCID: PMC9754787 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719004161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent with pathophysiological models of psychosis, temporal disturbances in schizophrenia spectrum populations may reflect abnormal cortical (e.g. prefrontal cortex) and subcortical (e.g. striatum) cerebellar connectivity. However, few studies have examined associations between cerebellar connectivity and timing dysfunction in psychosis populations, and none have been conducted in youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Thus, it is currently unknown if impairments in temporal processes are present in CHR youth or how they may be associated with cerebellar connectivity and worsening of symptoms. METHODS A total of 108 (56 CHR/52 controls) youth were administered an auditory temporal bisection task along with a resting state imaging scan to examine cerebellar resting state connectivity. Positive and negative symptoms at baseline and 12 months later were also quantified. RESULTS Controlling for alcohol and cannabis use, CHR youth exhibited poorer temporal accuracy compared to controls, and temporal accuracy deficits were associated with abnormal connectivity between the bilateral anterior cerebellum and a right caudate/nucleus accumbens striatal cluster. Poor temporal accuracy accounted for 11% of the variance in worsening of negative symptoms over 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral findings suggest CHR youth perceive durations of auditory tones as shortened compared to objective time, which may indicate a slower internal clock. Poorer temporal accuracy in CHR youth was associated with abnormalities in brain regions involved in an important cerebellar network implicated in prominent pathophysiological models of psychosis. Lastly, temporal accuracy was associated with worsening of negative symptoms across 12 months, suggesting temporal dysfunction may be sensitive to illness progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Juston Osborne
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Tina Gupta
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Derek J. Dean
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jessica A. Bernard
- Texas A & M University, Department of Psychology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Policy Research, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Garcés MS, Alústiza I, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Goena J, Molero P, Radua J, Ortuño F. An fMRI Study Using a Combined Task of Interval Discrimination and Oddball Could Reveal Common Brain Circuits of Cognitive Change. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:786113. [PMID: 34987432 PMCID: PMC8721204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.786113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain networks responsible for time processing are involved during other cognitive processes, leading to a hypothesis that time-related processing is needed to perform a range of tasks across various cognitive functions. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze whether, in healthy subjects, the brain structures activated or deactivated during performance of timing and oddball-detection type tasks coincide. To this end, we conducted two independent signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies assessing the cerebral generators of the responses elicited by tasks based on timing and oddball-detection paradigms. Finally, we undertook a multimodal meta-analysis to detect brain regions common to the findings of the two previous meta-analyses. We found that healthy subjects showed significant activation in cortical areas related to timing and salience networks. The patterns of activation and deactivation corresponding to each task type partially coincided. We hypothesize that there exists a time and change-detection network that serves as a common underlying resource used in a broad range of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Garcés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Goena
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet SE, Solna, Sweden
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Martin B, Franck N, Giersch A. A reflection upon methods to explore timing in patients with schizophrenia. Psych J 2019; 8:82-89. [PMID: 30912627 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenologists have provided a detailed description of the disorders of the subjective experience associated with minimal-self disorders in patients with schizophrenia. Those patients report a range of distortions of their conscious experiences, including a sense of inner void, confusion between self and others, and, sometimes, a disruption of the sense of time. These reports have been interpreted as distortion of the first-person perspective and a lack of immersion in the world, associated with a breakdown of the temporal structure of consciousness, and especially a disruption of the sense of time continuity. Further, it has been proposed that these disruptions are based on a difficulty to retain past information and to predict future information, that is, the mechanisms that help to relate events with one another and to reach a sense of time continuity. Experimental psychology results seem to converge to similar conclusions, inasmuch as some results in patients with schizophrenia suggest a deficient ability to predict sequences of events at the millisecond level. Several studies have underlined this convergence. Here we reflect on the limits of both the phenomenological and experimental psychology approaches, and of the convergence of their hypotheses. We think that this reflection is necessary to avoid premature conclusions on the mechanisms underlying the impairments in patients, but also to enrich our understanding of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Martin
- Ressource Center for Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Cognitive Remediation, Le Vinatier Hospital UMR 5229 CNRS & Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Franck
- Ressource Center for Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Cognitive Remediation, Le Vinatier Hospital UMR 5229 CNRS & Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Giersch
- INSERM U1114, Psychiatric Center, University of Strasbourg, Regional University Hospital of Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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22
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Snowden AW, Buhusi CV. Neural Correlates of Interval Timing Deficits in Schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:9. [PMID: 30760991 PMCID: PMC6362255 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that schizophrenia (SZ) patients exhibit impairments in interval timing. The cause of timing impairments in SZ remains unknown but may be explained by a dysfunction in the fronto-striatal circuits. Although the current literature includes extensive behavioral data on timing impairments, there is limited focus on the neural correlates of timing in SZ. The neuroimaging literature included in the current review reports hypoactivation in the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), supplementary motor area (SMA) and the basal ganglia (BG). Timing deficits and deficits in attention and working memory (WM) in SZ are likely due to a dysfunction of dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuits, which are highly implicated in executive functioning and motor preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel W Snowden
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Catalin V Buhusi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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23
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LeSauter J, Balsam PD, Simpson EH, Silver R. Overexpression of striatal D2 receptors reduces motivation thereby decreasing food anticipatory activity. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:71-81. [PMID: 30362616 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine has been implicated in circadian timing underlying the food entrainable oscillator (FEO) circuitry and overexpression of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in the striatum has been reported to reduce motivation to obtain food rewards in operant tasks. In the present study, we explored both of these mechanisms by examining food anticipatory activity (FAA) in dopamine D2 receptor-overexpressing (D2R-OE) mice under various durations of food availability. First, we noted that at baseline, there were no differences between D2R-OE mice and their littermates in activity level, food intake, and body weight or in circadian activity. Under conditions of very restricted food availability (4 or 6 hr), both genotypes displayed FAA. In contrast, under 8-hr food availability, control mice showed FAA, but D2R-OE mice did not. Normalization of D2R by administration of doxycycline, a tetracycline analogue, rescued FAA under 8-hr restricted food. We next tested for circadian regulation of FAA. When given ad libitum access to food, neither D2R-OE nor controls were active during the daytime. However, after an interval of food restriction, all mice showed elevated locomotor activity at the time of previous food availability in the day, indicating circadian timing of anticipatory activity. In summary, motivation is reduced in D2R-OE mice but circadian timing behavior is not affected. We conclude that an increase in striatal D2R reduces FAA by modulating motivation and not by acting on a clock mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph LeSauter
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York City, New York
| | - Peter D Balsam
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York City, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York
| | - Eleanor H Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York City, New York.,Departments of Psychology and of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, New York
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24
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Gili T, Ciullo V, Spalletta G. Metastable States of Multiscale Brain Networks Are Keys to Crack the Timing Problem. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:75. [PMID: 30254581 PMCID: PMC6141745 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the environment where we live in and the interaction with it, predicting events, provided strong evolutionary pressures for the brain functioning to process temporal information and generate timed responses. As a result, the human brain is able to process temporal information and generate temporal patterns. Despite the clear importance of temporal processing to cognition, learning, communication and sensory, motor and emotional processing, the basal mechanisms of how animals differentiate simple intervals or provide timed responses are still under debate. The lesson we learned from the last decade of research in neuroscience is that functional and structural brain connectivity matter. Specifically, it has been accepted that the organization of the brain in interacting segregated networks enables its function. In this paper we delineate the route to a promising approach for investigating timing mechanisms. We illustrate how novel insight into timing mechanisms can come by investigating brain functioning as a multi-layer dynamical network whose clustered dynamics is bound to report the presence of metastable states. We anticipate that metastable dynamics underlie the real-time coordination necessary for the brain's dynamic functioning associated to time perception. This new point of view will help further clarifying mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Gili
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Limongi R, Bohaterewicz B, Nowicka M, Plewka A, Friston KJ. Knowing when to stop: Aberrant precision and evidence accumulation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:386-391. [PMID: 29331218 PMCID: PMC6020132 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Predictive coding and active inference formulations of the dysconnection hypothesis suggest that subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) hold unduly precise prior beliefs to compensate for a failure of sensory attenuation. This implies that SZ subjects should both initiate responses prematurely during evidence-accumulation tasks and fail to inhibit their responses at long stop-signal delays. SZ and healthy control subjects were asked to report the timing of billiards-ball collisions and were occasionally required to withhold their responses. SZ subjects showed larger temporal estimation errors, which were associated with premature responses and decreased response inhibition. To account for these effects, we used hierarchical (Bayesian) drift-diffusion models (HDDM) and model selection procedures to adjudicate among four hypotheses. HDDM revealed that the precision of prior beliefs (i.e., starting point) rather than increased sensory precision (i.e., drift rate) drove premature responses and impaired response inhibition in patients with SZ. From the perspective of active inference, we suggest that premature predictions in SZ are responses that, heuristically, are traded off against accuracy to ensure action execution. On the basis of previous work, we suggest that the right insular cortex might mediate this trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Limongi
- Universidad Tecnológica de Chile INACAP, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Bartosz Bohaterewicz
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology of Individual Differences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowicka
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology of Individual Differences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
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26
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Wilquin H, Delevoye-Turrell Y, Dione M, Giersch A. Motor Synchronization in Patients With Schizophrenia: Preserved Time Representation With Abnormalities in Predictive Timing. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:193. [PMID: 29867416 PMCID: PMC5965021 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Basic temporal dysfunctions have been described in patients with schizophrenia, which may impact their ability to connect and synchronize with the outer world. The present study was conducted with the aim to distinguish between interval timing and synchronization difficulties and more generally the spatial-temporal organization disturbances for voluntary actions. A new sensorimotor synchronization task was developed to test these abilities. Method: Twenty-four chronic schizophrenia patients matched with 27 controls performed a spatial-tapping task in which finger taps were to be produced in synchrony with a regular metronome to six visual targets presented around a virtual circle on a tactile screen. Isochronous (time intervals of 500 ms) and non-isochronous auditory sequences (alternated time intervals of 300/600 ms) were presented. The capacity to produce time intervals accurately versus the ability to synchronize own actions (tap) with external events (tone) were measured. Results: Patients with schizophrenia were able to produce the tapping patterns of both isochronous and non-isochronous auditory sequences as accurately as controls producing inter-response intervals close to the expected interval of 500 and 900 ms, respectively. However, the synchronization performances revealed significantly more positive asynchrony means (but similar variances) in the patient group than in the control group for both types of auditory sequences. Conclusion: The patterns of results suggest that patients with schizophrenia are able to perceive and produce both simple and complex sequences of time intervals but are impaired in the ability to synchronize their actions with external events. These findings suggest a specific deficit in predictive timing, which may be at the core of early symptoms previously described in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Wilquin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratory of Clinical Psychology, Psychopathology and Psychoanalysis, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Yvonne Delevoye-Turrell
- SCALab, UMR 9193 – National Center for Scientific Research, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Mariama Dione
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Giersch
- INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Zhou HY, Cai XL, Weigl M, Bang P, Cheung EF, Chan RC. Multisensory temporal binding window in autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Rey AE, Michael GA, Dondas C, Thar M, Garcia-Larrea L, Mazza S. Pain dilates time perception. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15682. [PMID: 29146989 PMCID: PMC5691055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have all experienced that time seems stretched during unpleasant situations. While there is evidence of subjective time overestimation when perceiving external unpleasant stimuli, no study has measured the dilation of time when individuals experience an unpleasant situation in their own body. Here we measured the time dilation induced by a painful homeostatic deviance using temporal bisection task. We show that being in pain leads to an expansion of subjective time whereby a stronger increase in pain perception relative to non-painful stimulation leads to a stronger time-estimate distortion. Neurophysiological studies suggest that time estimation and the perception of self might share a common neural substrate. We propose that, along with bodily arousal and attentional capture, the enhancement of self-awareness may be critical to support dilated subjective time when experiencing pain. As other homeostatic deviances, pain may induce a focus on ourselves contributing to the impression that “time stands still”.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marvin Thar
- EMC Laboratory, University Lyon2, Lyon, France
| | - Luis Garcia-Larrea
- Central Integration of Pain, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028 & UCB Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Mazza
- EMC Laboratory, University Lyon2, Lyon, France.,Central Integration of Pain, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U1028 & UCB Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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29
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Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Ogata Y, Maida K, Murakami H, Murayama K, Shimoji K, Hanakawa T, Matsumoto K, Nakagome K. Impaired prefrontal activity to regulate the intrinsic motivation-action link in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 16:32-42. [PMID: 29071207 PMCID: PMC5650579 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A core feature of schizophrenia (SCZ) is impairment in intrinsic motivation. Although intrinsic motivation plays an important role in enhancing improvement of the social functioning, its neural mechanisms of impairment have yet to be clarified. We hypothesized that abnormal function of the frontostriatal loop consisting of the striatum and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) may be related to impaired intrinsic motivation in SCZ. We tested this by comparing the brain activity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral parameters associated with movement, motivation, and cognitive control between 18 stable SCZ patients and 17 healthy control (HC) participants during a task that elicits intrinsic motivation. We also compared the functional connectivity during resting-state and the fractional anisotropy using diffusion tensor imaging analysis between the two groups. We adopted an enjoyable timing task to stop a stopwatch at an exact time, which in our previous study has demonstrated to elicit intrinsic motivation. Although the performance level in general was not different between groups, the SCZ group performed worse than the HC group in trials following “overshoot” errors (i.e., the response was too late). SCZ participants showed lower intrinsic motivation to the task than the HC group in an inventory report. The striatal activity during the prediction at the task cue period was consistently lower in SCZ participants than in HC. The LPFC activity at the task cue period positively correlated with intrinsic motivation and also with the rate of success following overshoot errors in the HC group, but not in the SCZ group. The LPFC activity at the task cue period was also positively correlated with the striatal activity in both groups. The striatal activity during the feedback period was not significantly different between groups. These results suggest that, unlike HC, the neural activity in the LPFC fails to mediate between prediction of hedonic events and cognitive control of action plans in SCZ, whereas the hedonic response is retained. The neural basis of impaired motivation in schizophrenia is examined using fMRI. The hedonic response to a feedback in the striatum is retained in schizophrenia. Translating hedonic events to action plans is impeded by poor cognitive control. The cognitive control impairment is associated with altered prefrontal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Madoka Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ogata
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.,Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keiko Maida
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroki Murakami
- Department of Psychology, Oita University, Oita City 870-1192, Japan.,Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kou Murayama
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK.,Research Unit of Psychology, Education & Technology, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada-machi, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Keigo Shimoji
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
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30
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Thoenes S, Oberfeld D. Meta-analysis of time perception and temporal processing in schizophrenia: Differential effects on precision and accuracy. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 54:44-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Lošák J, Hüttlová J, Lipová P, Mareček R, Bareš M, Filip P, Žůbor J, Ustohal L, Vaníček J, Kašpárek T. Predictive Motor Timing and the Cerebellar Vermis in Schizophrenia: An fMRI Study. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1517-1527. [PMID: 27190280 PMCID: PMC5049535 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in both time processing and dopamine (DA) neurotransmission have been observed in schizophrenia. Time processing seems to be linked to DA neurotransmission. The cognitive dysmetria hypothesis postulates that psychosis might be a manifestation of the loss of coordination of mental processes due to impaired timing. The objective of the present study was to analyze timing abilities and their corresponding functional neuroanatomy in schizophrenia. We performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a predictive motor timing paradigm in 28 schizophrenia patients and 27 matched healthy controls (HC). The schizophrenia patients showed accelerated time processing compared to HC; the amount of the acceleration positively correlated with the degree of positive psychotic symptoms and negatively correlated with antipsychotic dose. This dysfunctional predictive timing was associated with BOLD signal activity alterations in several brain networks, especially those previously described as timing networks (basal ganglia, cerebellum, SMA, and insula) and reward networks (hippocampus, amygdala, and NAcc). BOLD signal activity in the cerebellar vermis was negatively associated with accelerated time processing. Several lines of evidence suggest a direct link between DA transmission and the cerebellar vermis that could explain their relevance for the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lošák
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Psychiatrická klinika FN Brno a LF MU, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; tel: +420-776273205, fax: +420-532233706, e-mail:
| | - Jitka Hüttlová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lipová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Pavel Filip
- Department of Neurology, St Anne’s Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;,Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC-MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Žůbor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Ustohal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vaníček
- Department of Imaging Methods, St Anne’s Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;,Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC-MU, Brno, Czech Republic
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32
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Shebloski KL, Broadway JM. Commentary: Effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behavior in humans. Front Psychol 2016; 7:736. [PMID: 27242638 PMCID: PMC4871852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina L Shebloski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - James M Broadway
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA
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33
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34
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Halberstadt AL, Sindhunata IS, Scheffers K, Flynn AD, Sharp RF, Geyer MA, Young JW. Effect of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors on temporal discrimination by mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:364-375. [PMID: 27020041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Timing deficits are observed in patients with schizophrenia. Serotonergic hallucinogens can also alter the subjective experience of time. Characterizing the mechanism through which the serotonergic system regulates timing will increase our understanding of the linkage between serotonin (5-HT) and schizophrenia, and will provide insight into the mechanism of action of hallucinogens. We investigated whether interval timing in mice is altered by hallucinogens and other 5-HT2 receptor ligands. C57BL/6J mice were trained to perform a discrete-trials temporal discrimination task. In the discrete-trials task, mice were presented with two levers after a variable interval. Responding on lever A was reinforced if the interval was <6.5 s, and responding on lever B was reinforced if the interval was >6.5 s. A 2-parameter logistic function was fitted to the proportional choice for lever B (%B responding), yielding estimates of the indifference point (T50) and the Weber fraction (a measure of timing precision). The 5-HT2A antagonist M100907 increased T50, whereas the 5-HT2C antagonist SB-242,084 reduced T50. The results indicate that 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors have countervailing effects on the speed of the internal pacemaker. The hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI; 3 mg/kg IP), a 5-HT2 agonist, flattened the response curve at long stimulus intervals and shifted it to the right, causing both T50 and the Weber fraction to increase. The effect of DOI was antagonized by M100907 (0.03 mg/kg SC) but was unaffected by SB-242,084 (0.1 mg/kg SC). Similar to DOI, the selective 5-HT2A agonist 25CN-NBOH (6 mg/kg SC) reduced %B responding at long stimulus intervals, and increased T50 and the Weber fraction. These results demonstrate that hallucinogens alter temporal perception in mice, effects that are mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor. It appears that 5-HT regulates temporal perception, suggesting that altered serotonergic signaling may contribute to the timing deficits observed in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Ivan S Sindhunata
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kees Scheffers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aaron D Flynn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard F Sharp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mark A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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35
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Alústiza I, Radua J, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Domínguez M, Aubá E, Ortuño F. Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging and Cognitive Control Studies in Schizophrenia: Preliminary Elucidation of a Core Dysfunctional Timing Network. Front Psychol 2016; 7:192. [PMID: 26925013 PMCID: PMC4756542 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Timing and other cognitive processes demanding cognitive control become interlinked when there is an increase in the level of difficulty or effort required. Both functions are interrelated and share neuroanatomical bases. A previous meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies found that people with schizophrenia had significantly lower activation, relative to normal controls, of most right hemisphere regions of the time circuit. This finding suggests that a pattern of disconnectivity of this circuit, particularly in the supplementary motor area, is a trait of this mental disease. We hypothesize that a dysfunctional temporal/cognitive control network underlies both cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia and that timing dysfunction is at the root of the cognitive deficits observed. The goal of our study was to look, in schizophrenia patients, for brain structures activated both by execution of cognitive tasks requiring increased effort and by performance of time perception tasks. We conducted a signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia patients assessing the brain response to increasing levels of cognitive difficulty. Then, we performed a multimodal meta-analysis to identify common brain regions in the findings of that SDM meta-analysis and our previously-published activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging of time perception in schizophrenia patients. The current study supports the hypothesis that there exists an overlap between neural structures engaged by both timing tasks and non-temporal cognitive tasks of escalating difficulty in schizophrenia. The implication is that a deficit in timing can be considered as a trait marker of the schizophrenia cognitive profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Hospital Sant RafaelBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Redde Salud MentalBarcelona, Spain
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Hospital Sant RafaelBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Redde Salud MentalBarcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Domínguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
| | - Enrique Aubá
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
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